DOCSLIB.ORG

Comparative Study of Mpeg-4 and H.264 Video Compression

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Comparative Study of Mpeg-4 and H.264 Video Compression International Journal of Research ISSN NO:2236-6124 COMPARATIVE STUDY OF MPEG-4 AND H.264 VIDEO COMPRESSION STANDARDS #1 GOPAL KASAT P.G SCHOLAR #2 SUHAS JADHAV Professor #3 ZAMEER FAROOQUI Professor Department Of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering Aditya Engineering College, Beed, Maharashtra. ABSTRACT—We propose an improved Recently, the exponential growth in saliency guided wavelet compression scheme networking technologies and widespread use for low-bitrate image/video coding of video content based multimedia applications. Important regions (faces in information over internet for mass security camera feeds, vehicles in traffic communication through social networking; surveillance) get degraded significantly at e-commerce, education, etc. have promoted low bitrates by existing compression the development of video coding to a great standards, such as JPEG/JPEG-2000/MPEG- extent. Various video coding schemes have 4, since these do not explicitly utilize any already been designed for seamless knowledge of which regions are salient. We transmission of digital video data and for design a compression algorithm which, given mass storage of digital information. The an image/video and a saliency value for each primary goal of a video coding standard is to pixel, computes a corresponding saliency achieve higher compression performance value in the wavelet transform domain. Our while maintaining high visual quality. A algorithm ensures wavelet coefficients human eye is space-variant non-uniform representing salient regions have a high resolution sampling system. Hence, saliency value. The coefficients are foveation based video coding yields higher transmitted in decreasing order of their compression performance by varying the saliency.This allows important regions in the visual quality of video data across the space image/video to have high fidelity even at very to match the non-uniform spatial sampling of low bitrates. Further, our compression a human eye. In the present doctoral research scheme can handle several salient regions work, efforts are made to develop fast and with different relative importance. We efficient foveated video compression compare the performance of our method with schemes that achieve higher compression the JPEG/JPEG-2000 image standards and performance as well as higher visual quality the MPEG-4 video standard through two at a lower computational complexity. experiments: face detection and vehicle tracking. We show improved detection rates 1.1 Digital Video and quality of reconstructed images/videos using our Saliency Based Compression Digital video is a three-dimensional data of a (SBC) algorithm. dynamic visual scene, sampled spatially and temporally. A visual scene temporally I.INTRODUCTION sampled at any time instant is known as a frame. Volume 7, Issue XI, November/2018 Page No:1275 International Journal of Research ISSN NO:2236-6124 The data rates available within a network vary across the channels according to the characteristics of a network, i.e. the types of the transmission channel and the receiving data terminal as well as the network traffic congestion. Consequently, video data must be transmitted at a variety of bit-rates to have efficient transmission. Some efficient Figure 1.1: Illustration of Spatio-temporal and adaptive video compression schemes sampling of a video scene are required to solve these issues [1]. A typical video coding system is shown in 1.2 Fundamentals of Video Figure 1.4. A video data generated at the Compression source is encoded with low bit-rate by a 1.2.1 Background video encoder. The compressed video data is In the modern world, the demand of video either sent to storage devices or transmitted data has increased manifold due to massive through a communication channel. At the internet application like social networking, receiving end, the compressed video data is e-governance, security and surveillance, decoded by a video decoder and video telephony. Hence, the network reconstructed video frames are displayed to bandwidth has become a major bottleneck users. for efficient II.LITERATURE REVIEW A space-variant non-uniform resolution image can be generated by various foveation filtering schemes. The encoding of oblique featured video data is a challenging task. Different directional transform schemes are available in literature, which efficiently encode these oblique featured video data. Motion estimation is one of the very Figure 1.4: Typical video coding system important tools of a hybrid video transmission of these vast amount of video compression schemes. Various motion data in real-time even if the present estimation schemes are present in literature to technology offers quite large bandwidths. find out the best matched block in a reference Most probably, this problem will continue frame and enhance the compression for ever since the modern human civilization efficiency with minimum computation cost. will demand more and more for video In this chapter, some well-known, efficient, transmission applications in future. standard and benchmark schemes related to Therefore, a well designed and efficient different tools of efficient foveated video video compression system is always compression schemes, are studied. The required to reduce transmission bit-rate for proposed schemes, developed and designed video data content without degrading the in this doctoral research work, are compared visual quality significantly. In a against these in subsequent chapters. heterogeneous network, where medium to Therefore, attempts are made here for a low data rates are supported, transmission of detailed and critical analysis of these video data is even a more challenging task. schemes. The literature review is categorized Volume 7, Issue XI, November/2018 Page No:1276 International Journal of Research ISSN NO:2236-6124 into three domains of the proposed foveated video compression schemes as shown in Figure 2.1. The detailed discussion of each category is given below. 2.1 Foveated Video Compression Recently, foveated video compression (FVC) schemes have gain major interest by many researchers in the field of video coding. Since FVC schemes exploit non-uniformity in the resolution of the retina by allocating more number of bits to visual fixation points and reducing resolution drastically away Figure 2.1: Categorisation of literature from the fixation points, it delivers review perceptually high quality at greatly reduced bandwidths. There are several efficient Wallace et al. [5] and Kortum and Geisler [4] foveated video processing schemes available have shown geometric transformation of in literature, for example, foveation filtering uniform sampled image to non-uniform space (local bandwidth reduction) [4], saliency variant sampled image using super pixel. The detection based foveating [6] and wavelet super pixels are generated to match the retinal based foveated compression [3]. sampling distribution by grouping and averaging the uniform pixels. Lee and Bovik In 1993, Silsbee et al. have introduced the have shown that foveation is a coordinate image coding based on the properties of transformation from cartesian coordinates to human visual system (HVS) [4]. The video is curvilinear coordinates and a local bandwidth encoded by dividing the frame into a number is uniformly distributed over curvilinear of spatio-temporal patterns which are based coordinates for a foveated image [5]. on spatio-temporal properties of HVS. The adaptation of foveated processing to various 2.2 Directional Transforms video coding standards is demonstrated by [2]. The recent developments in video acquisition and display systems and exponential growth Broadly, foveation method can be classified in transmission bandwidths have increased into three categories: the demand of superior quality video contents 1. Geometry based foveation (GBF), in multimedia applications with resolutions ranging from 166 × 144 pixels (QCIF) to 2. Filtering based foveation (FBF) and 3840 × 2160 pixels (UHD). With widespread adoption of emerging applications like video 3. multi-resolution based foveation (MBF). streaming, video surveillance, blue-ray disk video, etc. video compression has become an In GBF schemes, uniformly sampled image integral component of such multimedia coordinates are transformed into spatial applications. variant coordinates by log map transform, also known as foveation coordinate However, a video data in an uncompressed transform, which exploits the retina sampling format demands a huge amount of storage geometry [5]. space and transmission bandwidth. To Volume 7, Issue XI, November/2018 Page No:1277 International Journal of Research ISSN NO:2236-6124 surpass these physical constraints, an single, low-resolution, uncompressed stream. efficient video compression scheme is always Even with constant advances in storage and required. Various video coding methods have transmission capacity, compression is likely been developed in literature to accomplish to be an essential component of multimedia video compression such as entropy coding services for many years to come. [8], predictive coding [9], block transform coding [6], wavelet/sub-band coding [1]. Block transform coding is the one which is highly exploited in image and video coding by reducing the inherent spatial redundancies between neighbouring pixels. III.VIDEO COMPRESSION 3.1 INTRODUCTION Network bitrates continue to increase (dramatically in the local area and somewhat less so in the wider area), high bitrate connections to the home are commonplace
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Versatile Video Coding – the Next-Generation Video Standard of the Joint Video Experts Team
    31.07.2018 Versatile Video Coding – The Next-Generation Video Standard of the Joint Video Experts Team Mile High Video Workshop, Denver July 31, 2018 Gary J. Sullivan, JVET co-chair Acknowledgement: Presentation prepared with Jens-Rainer Ohm and Mathias Wien, Institute of Communication Engineering, RWTH Aachen University 1. Introduction Versatile Video Coding – The Next-Generation Video Standard of the Joint Video Experts Team 1 31.07.2018 Video coding standardization organisations • ISO/IEC MPEG = “Moving Picture Experts Group” (ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29/WG 11 = International Standardization Organization and International Electrotechnical Commission, Joint Technical Committee 1, Subcommittee 29, Working Group 11) • ITU-T VCEG = “Video Coding Experts Group” (ITU-T SG16/Q6 = International Telecommunications Union – Telecommunications Standardization Sector (ITU-T, a United Nations Organization, formerly CCITT), Study Group 16, Working Party 3, Question 6) • JVT = “Joint Video Team” collaborative team of MPEG & VCEG, responsible for developing AVC (discontinued in 2009) • JCT-VC = “Joint Collaborative Team on Video Coding” team of MPEG & VCEG , responsible for developing HEVC (established January 2010) • JVET = “Joint Video Experts Team” responsible for developing VVC (established Oct. 2015) – previously called “Joint Video Exploration Team” 3 Versatile Video Coding – The Next-Generation Video Standard of the Joint Video Experts Team Gary Sullivan | Jens-Rainer Ohm | Mathias Wien | July 31, 2018 History of international video coding standardization
    [Show full text]
  • Security Solutions Y in MPEG Family of MPEG Family of Standards
    1 Security solutions in MPEG family of standards TdjEbhiiTouradj Ebrahimi [email protected] NET working? Broadcast Networks and their security 16-17 June 2004, Geneva, Switzerland MPEG: Moving Picture Experts Group 2 • MPEG-1 (1992): MP3, Video CD, first generation set-top box, … • MPEG-2 (1994): Digital TV, HDTV, DVD, DVB, Professional, … • MPEG-4 (1998, 99, ongoing): Coding of Audiovisual Objects • MPEG-7 (2001, ongo ing ): DitiDescription of Multimedia Content • MPEG-21 (2002, ongoing): Multimedia Framework NET working? Broadcast Networks and their security 16-17 June 2004, Geneva, Switzerland MPEG-1 - ISO/IEC 11172:1992 3 • Coding of moving pictures and associated audio for digital storage media at up to about 1,5 Mbit/s – Part 1 Systems - Program Stream – Part 2 Video – Part 3 Audio – Part 4 Conformance – Part 5 Reference software NET working? Broadcast Networks and their security 16-17 June 2004, Geneva, Switzerland MPEG-2 - ISO/IEC 13818:1994 4 • Generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio – Part 1 Systems - joint with ITU – Part 2 Video - joint with ITU – Part 3 Audio – Part 4 Conformance – Part 5 Reference software – Part 6 DSM CC – Par t 7 AAC - Advance d Au dio Co ding – Part 9 RTI - Real Time Interface – Part 10 Conformance extension - DSM-CC – Part 11 IPMP on MPEG-2 Systems NET working? Broadcast Networks and their security 16-17 June 2004, Geneva, Switzerland MPEG-4 - ISO/IEC 14496:1998 5 • Coding of audio-visual objects – Part 1 Systems – Part 2 Visual – Part 3 Audio – Part 4 Conformance – Part 5 Reference
    [Show full text]
  • The H.264 Advanced Video Coding (AVC) Standard
    Whitepaper: The H.264 Advanced Video Coding (AVC) Standard What It Means to Web Camera Performance Introduction A new generation of webcams is hitting the market that makes video conferencing a more lifelike experience for users, thanks to adoption of the breakthrough H.264 standard. This white paper explains some of the key benefits of H.264 encoding and why cameras with this technology should be on the shopping list of every business. The Need for Compression Today, Internet connection rates average in the range of a few megabits per second. While VGA video requires 147 megabits per second (Mbps) of data, full high definition (HD) 1080p video requires almost one gigabit per second of data, as illustrated in Table 1. Table 1. Display Resolution Format Comparison Format Horizontal Pixels Vertical Lines Pixels Megabits per second (Mbps) QVGA 320 240 76,800 37 VGA 640 480 307,200 147 720p 1280 720 921,600 442 1080p 1920 1080 2,073,600 995 Video Compression Techniques Digital video streams, especially at high definition (HD) resolution, represent huge amounts of data. In order to achieve real-time HD resolution over typical Internet connection bandwidths, video compression is required. The amount of compression required to transmit 1080p video over a three megabits per second link is 332:1! Video compression techniques use mathematical algorithms to reduce the amount of data needed to transmit or store video. Lossless Compression Lossless compression changes how data is stored without resulting in any loss of information. Zip files are losslessly compressed so that when they are unzipped, the original files are recovered.
    [Show full text]
  • ITC Confplanner DVD Pages Itcconfplanner
    Comparative Analysis of H.264 and Motion- JPEG2000 Compression for Video Telemetry Item Type text; Proceedings Authors Hallamasek, Kurt; Hallamasek, Karen; Schwagler, Brad; Oxley, Les Publisher International Foundation for Telemetering Journal International Telemetering Conference Proceedings Rights Copyright © held by the author; distribution rights International Foundation for Telemetering Download date 25/09/2021 09:57:28 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/581732 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF H.264 AND MOTION-JPEG2000 COMPRESSION FOR VIDEO TELEMETRY Kurt Hallamasek, Karen Hallamasek, Brad Schwagler, Les Oxley [email protected] Ampex Data Systems Corporation Redwood City, CA USA ABSTRACT The H.264/AVC standard, popular in commercial video recording and distribution, has also been widely adopted for high-definition video compression in Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance and for Flight Test applications. H.264/AVC is the most modern and bandwidth-efficient compression algorithm specified for video recording in the Digital Recording IRIG Standard 106-11, Chapter 10. This bandwidth efficiency is largely derived from the inter-frame compression component of the standard. Motion JPEG-2000 compression is often considered for cockpit display recording, due to the concern that details in the symbols and graphics suffer excessively from artifacts of inter-frame compression and that critical information might be lost. In this paper, we report on a quantitative comparison of H.264/AVC and Motion JPEG-2000 encoding for HD video telemetry. Actual encoder implementations in video recorder products are used for the comparison. INTRODUCTION The phenomenal advances in video compression over the last two decades have made it possible to compress the bit rate of a video stream of imagery acquired at 24-bits per pixel (8-bits for each of the red, green and blue components) with a rate of a fraction of a bit per pixel.
    [Show full text]
  • The H.264/MPEG4 Advanced Video Coding Standard and Its Applications
    SULLIVAN LAYOUT 7/19/06 10:38 AM Page 134 STANDARDS REPORT The H.264/MPEG4 Advanced Video Coding Standard and its Applications Detlev Marpe and Thomas Wiegand, Heinrich Hertz Institute (HHI), Gary J. Sullivan, Microsoft Corporation ABSTRACT Regarding these challenges, H.264/MPEG4 Advanced Video Coding (AVC) [4], as the latest H.264/MPEG4-AVC is the latest video cod- entry of international video coding standards, ing standard of the ITU-T Video Coding Experts has demonstrated significantly improved coding Group (VCEG) and the ISO/IEC Moving Pic- efficiency, substantially enhanced error robust- ture Experts Group (MPEG). H.264/MPEG4- ness, and increased flexibility and scope of appli- AVC has recently become the most widely cability relative to its predecessors [5]. A recently accepted video coding standard since the deploy- added amendment to H.264/MPEG4-AVC, the ment of MPEG2 at the dawn of digital televi- so-called fidelity range extensions (FRExt) [6], sion, and it may soon overtake MPEG2 in further broaden the application domain of the common use. It covers all common video appli- new standard toward areas like professional con- cations ranging from mobile services and video- tribution, distribution, or studio/post production. conferencing to IPTV, HDTV, and HD video Another set of extensions for scalable video cod- storage. This article discusses the technology ing (SVC) is currently being designed [7, 8], aim- behind the new H.264/MPEG4-AVC standard, ing at a functionality that allows the focusing on the main distinct features of its core reconstruction of video signals with lower spatio- coding technology and its first set of extensions, temporal resolution or lower quality from parts known as the fidelity range extensions (FRExt).
    [Show full text]
  • H.264/MPEG-4 Advanced Video Coding Alexander Hermans
    Seminar Report H.264/MPEG-4 Advanced Video Coding Alexander Hermans Matriculation Number: 284141 RWTH September 11, 2012 Contents 1 Introduction 2 1.1 MPEG-4 AVC/H.264 Overview . .3 1.2 Structure of this paper . .3 2 Codec overview 3 2.1 Coding structure . .3 2.2 Encoder . .4 2.3 Decoder . .6 3 Main differences 7 3.1 Intra frame prediction . .7 3.2 Inter frame prediction . .9 3.3 Transform function . 11 3.4 Quantization . 12 3.5 Entropy encoding . 14 3.6 In-loop deblocking filter . 15 4 Profiles and levels 16 4.1 Profiles . 17 4.2 Levels . 18 5 Evaluation 18 6 Patents 20 7 Summary 20 1 1 Introduction Since digital images have been created, the need for compression has been clear. The amount of data needed to store an uncompressed image is large. But while it still might be feasible to store a full resolution uncompressed image, storing video sequences without compression is not. Assuming a normal frame-rate of about 25 frames per second, the amount of data needed to store one hour of high definition video is about 560GB1. Compressing each image on its own, would reduce this amount, but it would not make the video small enough to be stored on today's typical storage mediums. To overcome this problem, video compression algorithms have exploited the temporal redundancies in the video frames. By using previously encoded, or decoded, frames to predict values for the next frame, the data can be compressed with such a rate that storage becomes feasible.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction to the Special Issue on Scalable Video Coding—Standardization and Beyond
    IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS FOR VIDEO TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 17, NO. 9, SEPTEMBER 2007 1099 Introduction to the Special Issue on Scalable Video Coding—Standardization and Beyond FEW YEARS ago, the subject of video coding received of scalability, this one is perhaps the most difficult to design Aa large amount of skepticism. The basic argument was in a way that is both effective (from a compression capability that the 1990s generation of international standards was close point of view) and practical for implementation in terms of to the asymptotic limit of compression capability—or at least computational resource requirements. Finally, there is quality was good enough that there would be little market interest in scalability, sometimes also referred to as SNR or fidelity scala- something else. Moreover, there was the fear that a new video bility, in which the enhancement layer provides an increase in codec design created by an open committee process would in- video quality without changing the picture resolution. evitably contain so many compromises and take so long to be For example, 1080p50/60 enhancement of today’s 720p50/60 completed that it would fail to meet real industry needs or to be or 1080i25/30 HDTV can be deployed as a premium service state-of-the-art in capability when finished. while retaining full compatibility with deployed receivers, or The Joint Video Team (JVT) then proved those views HDTV can be deployed as an enhancement of SDTV video to be wrong and revitalized the field of video coding with services. Another example is low-delay adaptation for multi- the 2003 creation of the H.264/AVC standard (ITU-T Rec.
    [Show full text]
  • Lossy-To-Lossless 3D Image Coding Through Prior Coefficient Lookup
    1 Lossy-to-Lossless 3D Image Coding through Prior Coefficient Lookup Tables Francesc Aul´ı-Llinas,` Michael W. Marcellin, Joan Serra-Sagrista,` and Joan Bartrina-Rapesta Abstract—This paper describes a low-complexity, high- JPEG2000 [12] attracts the most attention due to its advanced efficiency, lossy-to-lossless 3D image coding system. The proposed features and due to its inclusion in DICOM (Digital Imaging system is based on a novel probability model for the symbols that and Communications in Medicine). Hence, compression of are emitted by bitplane coding engines. This probability model uses partially reconstructed coefficients from previous compo- 3D medical images with JPEG2000 has been extensively nents together with a mathematical framework that captures explored [5], [9], [13], [14]. the statistical behavior of the image. An important aspect of In the remote sensing field, several bitplane coding schemes this mathematical framework is its generality, which makes the have been adapted to multi-dimensional data [15], [16]. The proposed scheme suitable for different types of 3D images. The Karhunen-Loeve` transform has proven to be especially suit- main advantages of the proposed scheme are competitive coding performance, low computational load, very low memory require- able to decorrelate spectral information [17]–[19]. Meanwhile, ments, straightforward implementation, and simple adaptation efficient approaches to exploit the intrinsic nature of remote to most sensors. sensing images have been proposed, including pixel classi- Index Terms—3D image coding, entropy coding, bitplane image fication [20] and models of anomalous pixels [21]. Again, coding, JPEG2000. JPEG2000 is widely known in the community due to the provi- sion of advanced features such as multi-component transforms I.
    [Show full text]
  • Intra-Frame JPEG-2000 Vs. Inter-Frame Compression Comparison: the Benefits and Trade-Offs for Very High Quality, High Resolution Sequences
    SMPTE Technical Conference and Exhibition Media Networks, the Reality! Intra-frame JPEG-2000 vs. Inter-frame Compression Comparison: The benefits and trade-offs for very high quality, high resolution sequences Michael Smith and John Villasenor For the past several decades, most of the research on image and video compression has focused on addressing highly bandwidth-constrained environments. However, some of the most compelling applications of image and video compression involve extremely high-quality, high- resolution image sequences where the primary constraints are related to quality and flexibility. The interest in flexibility, in particular the potential to generate lower resolution extractions from a single higher-resolution master was a primary driver behind the recent evaluation and consideration of JPEG2000 compression for digital cinema sequences. JPEG2000 is an intra- frame coding method where a single frame is coded at a time and no frame-to-frame motion compensation is applied. While the efficiency of exploiting inter-frame motion compensation is well established for lower bit rates, far less attention has been given to this issue for digital cinema resolutions. This paper addresses the specific coding efficiency differences between inter and intra frame coding for very high quality, high-resolution image sequences and at a wide variety of bit rate ranges. The information presented here will be useful to system designers aiming to balance the flexibility and benefits of intra-frame approaches against the bandwidth advantages of inter-frame methods that exploit frame-to-frame correlation. Michael Smith ([email protected]) is a consultant in the area of digital imaging. He received his B.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Tutorial: the H.264 Advanced Video Compression Standard
    Tutorial: The H.264 Advanced Video Compression Standard By: Sriram Sethuraman Ittiam Systems (Pvt.) Ltd., Bangalore IEEE Multimedia Compression Workshop October 27, 2005 Bangalore DSP Professionals Survey by Forward Concepts Overview Motivation – comparison against other standards AVC in the market Standards history & Tools progression AVC Coding Tools – how they work Fidelity Range Extension (FREXT) tools Profiles & Levels SEI and VUI JM – Brief description Implementation aspects Carriage of AVC (MPEG-2 TS / RTP) Storage of AVC (File format) Scalable Video Coding References 2 H.264 Tutorial – Presented at the IEEE Multimedia Compression Workshop, Bangalore, October 27, 2005. © Ittiam Systems Pvt. Ltd., 2003-2005. All Rights Reserved. AVC in the market 50+ companies that have already announced products Span a broad range of product categories DVB Broadcasting (HD/SD) Harmonic, Tandberg Digital Multimedia Broadcast (DMB) or ISDBT Several companies in Korea, Japan IPTV/VoD Skystream, Minerva Portable media player Sony PSP, Apple’s video iPod ASICs Broadcom, Conexant, Sigma Designs, ST Micro STBs Pace, Scientific Atlanta, Amino, Sentivision, Ateme, etc. Video conferencing systems Polycom DSP IP Ittiam, Ateme, Ingenient, Sentivision, etc. RTL IP Sciworx, Amphion, etc. PC based QuickTime 7, Main Concept, Elecard Analysis tools Tektronix (Vprov), Interra 3 H.264 Tutorial – Presented at the IEEE Multimedia Compression Workshop, Bangalore, October 27, 2005. © Ittiam Systems Pvt. Ltd., 2003-2005. All Rights Reserved. H.264 – Compression Advantage H.264 vs. MPEG-4 SP 40 35 MPEG-4 SP 30 H264 Y-PSNR (dB) 25 20 0 200 400 600 800 1000 Bitrate (kbps) • H.264 with CABAC, no B-frames, 1 reference frame • Sequence used was foreman CIF, 240 frames 4 H.264 Tutorial – Presented at the IEEE Multimedia Compression Workshop, Bangalore, October 27, 2005.
    [Show full text]
  • Deep Neural Network Based Video Compression for Next Generation MPEG Video Codec Standardization
    Deep Neural Network based Video Compression for Next Generation MPEG Video Codec Standardization This article introduces a brief status of DNNVC-related activities, current issues in the DNNVC MPEG ad-hoc group, and its standardization efforts. Tae Meon Bae Ofinno • ofinno.com • October 2020 1. Introduction in April 2020. Since winning the ImageNet Challenge Video transmission is expected to dominate (ILSVRC) for image classification in 2012, DNN has 79% of current global internet traffic with an attracted the attention of engineers and researchers annual growth rate of 31% by 2020 [1]. With this [4]. DNN illustrated outstanding performance in trend, the advancement of video compression prediction and classification. Because prediction technology becomes more important to alleviate and classification are also particularly important in radically increasing internet traffic. The Moving video compression, codec experts started paying Picture Experts Group (MPEG) is one of the most attention to DNN as a promising candidate for the important standardization groups working on video next generation video coding approach. compression technologies. This article introduces a brief status of DNNVC-related MPEG is formed by International Organization for activities, current issues in the DNNVC MPEG ad-hoc Standardization/International Electrotechnical group, and its standardization efforts. To describe Commission (ISO/IEC) and has been leading the latest DNNVC approaches, we referenced papers audio and visual compression and transmission of Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) standardizations since the 1980s. The video codecs 2020, and a special section on learning-based image standardized by MPEG such as MPEG-2, MPEG-4, and video coding in IEEE Transactions on Circuits MPEG-4 Advanced Video Coding (AVC, or H.264), and Systems for Video Technology (TCSVT) 2020.
    [Show full text]
  • MPEG STANDARDS EVOLUTION and IMPACT on CABLE Dr
    MPEG STANDARDS EVOLUTION AND IMPACT ON CABLE Dr. Paul Moroney, Dr. Ajay Luthra Motorola Broadband Communications Sector Abstract continues in that role to this day. MPEG-1 [1] targeted stored content up to a 1.5 Mbps rate, The MPEG standards process has evolved matching the parameters necessary to store on from its beginnings in 1988 through today to CDs. MPEG-1 addressed audio compression, cover a wide range of multimedia delivery video compression, and a storage-oriented technology. The entire phenomenon of digital systems layer to combine them with other television and the standards involved have higher-level information, and the resulting affected our culture through increased content standard earned an Emmy award. MPEG-2 choices for the consumer, increased [2] shifted the focus to entertainment competition, and new types of products. television, added more video compression Cable delivery has seen a huge impact, in tools, multi-channel audio, and a new systems particular from MPEG-2 based digital layer more tuned to the need for a transport television. If we can extrapolate from the definition for broadcast. This standard has evolution of the MPEG process, more change been deployed very successfully worldwide, is coming! and earned an unprecedented second Emmy for MPEG. The designation “MPEG-3” had INTRODUCTION been set aside for HDTV extensions, but MPEG-2 worked so well for this application No one would dispute that the cable that MPEG-3 was never needed. industry has been dramatically impacted by the transition to digital television and related MPEG-4 [3] began slowly, while MPEG-2 services, whether one considers the advent of based systems were deployed, and has effective DBS services, or the distribution of developed into a true next generation digital television to cable headends, or the multimedia system.
    [Show full text]