High Chief Peter Maivia
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Samoan Submission Machines
Samoan Submission Machines: Grappling with Representations of Samoan Identity in Professional Wrestling Theo Plothe1 Savannah State University [email protected] Amongst the myriad of characters to step foot in the squared circle, perhaps no ethnic group has been as celebrated or marginalized as the Samoans who have made their names in professional wrestling. The discussion of Samoan identity in the context of sport has examined Maori identity and masculinity in New Zealand, among other topics, but there has yet to be work which considers Samoans within professional wrestling. This research investigates Samoan identity through a content analysis of televised wrestling matches. This research identifies six primary stereotypes under which Samoan identity is portrayed. These portrayals of Samoan characters, I argue, flatten the representation of this ethnic group within wrestling and culture at large. Keywords: Samoans, identity, representation, gimmicks Introduction Among the myriad of characters to step foot in the squared circle, perhaps no ethnic group has been as celebrated or marginalized as the Samoans who have made their names in professional wrestling. This research investigates the identity of Samoans within professional wrestling, and the different ways they are constructed and presented to audiences. “Gimmicks,” characters portrayed by a wrestler “resulting in the sum of fictional elements, attire and wrestling ability” (Oliva and Calleja 3) utilized by Samoans have run the gamut from the wild uncivilized savage, to the sumo (both in villainous Japanese and comically absurd iterations), to the ultra-cool mogul who wears silk shirts and fancy shoes. Their ability to cut promos, an important facet of the modern gimmick allowing wrestlers to address their opponents and storylines, varies widely as well, but all lie within their Samoan identity. -
Grappling with Race: a Textual Analysis of Race Within the Wwe
GRAPPLING WITH RACE: A TEXTUAL ANALYSIS OF RACE WITHIN THE WWE BY MARQUIS J. JONES A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of WAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL OF ARTS AND SCIENCES in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS Communication April 2019 Winston-Salem, North Carolina Approved By: Ronald L. Von Burg, PhD, Advisor Jarrod Atchison, PhD, Chair Eric K. Watts, PhD ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would first like to thank my thesis advisor, Dr. Ron Von Burg of the Communication Graduate School at Wake Forest University. Dr. Von Burg’s office was always open whenever I needed guidance in the completion of this thesis. He consistently allowed this paper to be my own work, but steered me in the right direction whenever he thought I needed. I would also like to thank Dr. Jarrod Atchison and Dr. Eric Watts for serving as committed members of my Graduate Thesis Committee. I truly appreciate the time and energy that was devoted into helping me complete my thesis. Finally, I must express my very profound gratitude to my parents, Marcus and Erika Jones, for providing me with unfailing support and continuous encouragement throughout my years of sturdy and through the process of research and writing this thesis. This accomplishment would not have been possible without them. Thank you. I love you both very much. Thank you again, Marquis Jones iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………………..iv Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION………………………………………………Pg. 1 Chapter 2: HISTORY OF WWE……………………………………………Pg. 15 Chapter 3: RACIALIZATION IN WWE…………………………………..Pg. 25 Chapter 4: CONCLUSION………………………………………………......Pg. -
“Racist, Sexist, Profane, and Violent”: Reinterpreting WWE's Portrayals of Samoans Across Generations
Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU All Graduate Plan B and other Reports Graduate Studies 8-2020 “Racist, Sexist, Profane, and Violent”: Reinterpreting WWE’s Portrayals of Samoans Across Generations John Honey Utah State University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/gradreports Part of the American Popular Culture Commons Recommended Citation Honey, John, "“Racist, Sexist, Profane, and Violent”: Reinterpreting WWE’s Portrayals of Samoans Across Generations" (2020). All Graduate Plan B and other Reports. 1469. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/gradreports/1469 This Report is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Studies at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Graduate Plan B and other Reports by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 1 2 Copyright © John B. Honey 2020 All Rights Reserved 3 ABSTRACT “Racist, Sexist, Profane, and Violent”: Reinterpreting WWE’s Portrayals of Samoans across Generations By John B. Honey, Master of Science Utah State University, 2020 Major Professor: Dr. Eric César Morales Program: American Studies This paper examines the shifting portrayals of Pacific Islanders in World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) across three generations. As both a popular and historically racially problematic venue, WWE’s politically incorrect programming has played an underappreciated and under examined role in representing the USA. Although 4 many different groups have been portrayed by gross stereotypes in WWE, this paper uses the family of Dwayne “the Rock” Johnson—the Samoan Dynasty—as a case study. The WWE originally presented Pacific Islanders using the most offensive stereotypes, and the first two generations of the Samoan Dynasty had to “play Indian” or cosign onto gross representations of their people to be recognized by American audiences unfamiliar with representations of Pacific Islanders. -
Wwe Network Announces Programming
For Immediate Release WWE® NETWORK ANNOUNCES PROGRAMMING LINEUP STAMFORD, Conn., February 19, 2014 – WWE Network, the first-ever 24/7 streaming network, has unveiled its programming lineup, which is highlighted by WrestleMania® 30 on Sunday, April 6 at 7 pm ET live from the Mercedes-Benz Superdome in New Orleans. In addition, for the first time ever, the WWE Hall of Fame Induction Ceremony will air live in its entirety on Saturday, April 5 at 9 pm ET on WWE Network. This year’s current inductees include The Ultimate Warrior, Jake “The Snake” Roberts and Lita. A one-hour special will also air on USA Network on Monday, April 7, immediately following Monday Night Raw®. WWE Network will officially launch on Monday, February 24 at 9 am ET and fans will instantly have access to live programming and the most comprehensive WWE video-on- demand library upon signing up exclusively at WWE.com. WWE Network will be available through the WWE App on TV via connected devices including Roku streaming devices, Sony PlayStation® 3, Sony PlayStation® 4 and Xbox 360. WWE Network will also be available through the WWE App on iOS devices, including Apple iPad and iPhone, Amazon’s Kindle Fire devices and Android devices, as well as on desktops and laptops via WWE.com. The programming line-up on WWE Network includes: WrestleMania 30 WWE’s pop-culture extravaganza, WrestleMania 30, will air live on Sunday, April 6 at 7 pm ET from New Orleans. More than 70,000 fans from all 50 states and more than 30 countries are expected to converge on the Mercedes-Benz Superdome with millions more watching around the world. -
SENATE-Wednesday, August 24, 1994
23898 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE August 24, 1994 SENATE-Wednesday, August 24, 1994 (Legislative day of Thursday, August 18, 1994) The Senate met at 10 a.m., on the ex- At 10:30 a.m., the Senate will resume We are prepared also to vote on the piration of the recess, and was called to debate on the pending crime bill. This majority leader's substitute on the order by the President pro tempore will be the third day of debate. It is my health care bill, and to do that today, [Mr. BYRD]. hope that the Senate will be able to maybe, if we finish the other, or maybe The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The proceed promptly to vote on that meas- tomorrow or Friday or next week. Senate Chaplain, Dr. Richard C. Hal- ure. We want to dispel any perception out verson, will lead the Senate in prayer. I believe that a substantial majority there that somehow Republicans are Dr. Halverson. of Senators favor the bill and will vote not cooperating or not moving ahead. for its passage when given the oppor- We are prepared to move ahead. But we PRAYER tunity to do so. have rights, as every Member has The Chaplain, the Reverend Richard We had a series of meetings yester- rights, and each party has rights, and C. Halverson, D.D., offered the follow- day involving an exchange of proposals we intend to protect those rights. ing prayer: between the distinguished Republican We will have further discussion today Let us pray: leader and myself and other interested on the crime bill and why we believe it In a moment of silent prayer, let us Senators. -
SENATE JOINT RESOLUTION 384 by Massey a RESOLUTION to Honor
<BillNo> <Sponsor> SENATE JOINT RESOLUTION 384 By Massey A RESOLUTION to honor Knox County Mayor Glenn Jacobs upon his Kane character being inducted into the World Wrestling Entertainment Hall of Fame. WHEREAS, the members of this General Assembly take great pleasure in recognizing an exceptional public servant who, in a previous career, created and played one of the most dynamic and most popular characters in the history of professional wrestling; and WHEREAS, Knox County Mayor Glenn Jacobs's wrestling persona, Kane, will be inducted into the World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) Hall of Fame during WrestleMania festivities in Tampa, Florida; and WHEREAS, Kane, or The Big Red Machine, became a popular WWE wrestler from his very first appearance in the squared circle in 1997; after cycling through several characters earlier in his career, Mayor Jacobs assumed the persona of Kane, who was very popular with aficionados and quickly became one of the most iconic figures in professional wrestling history; and WHEREAS, Kane's shocking debut during a match between The Undertaker and Shawn "The Heartbreak Kid" Michaels is considered by many wrestling fans to be the greatest of all time; and WHEREAS, Kane began his career feuding with The Undertaker, his fictional brother and another popular WWE character; their intertwined storyline eventually created a friendship between the two, and they became twelve-time tag-team champions as The Brothers of Destruction; and WHEREAS, Kane also held the WWE Championship, World Heavyweight Championship, and Intercontinental -
Robschambergerartbook1.Pdf
the Champions Collection the first year by Rob Schamberger foreward by Adam Pearce Artwork and text is copyright Rob Schamberger. Foreward text is copyright Adam Pearce. Foreward photograph is copyrgiht Brian Kelley. All other likenesses and trademarks are copyright to their respective and rightful owners and Rob Schamberger makes no claim to them. Brother. Not many people know this, but I’ve always considered myself an artist of sorts. Ever since I was a young kid, I invariably find myself passing the time by doodling, drawing, and, on occasion, even painting. In the space between my paper and pencil, and in those moments when inspiration would strike, my imagination would run amok and these bigger-than-life personas - football players and comic book characters and, of course, professional wrestlers - would come to life. I wasn’t aware of this until much later, but for all those years my mother would quietly steal away my drawings, saving them for all prosperity, and perhaps giving her a way to relive all of those memories of me as a child. That’s exactly what happened to me when she showed me those old sketches of Iron Man and Walter Payton and Fred Flintstone and Hulk Hogan. I found myself instantly transported back to a time where things were simpler and characters were real and the art was pure. I get a lot of really similar feelings when I look at the incredible art that Rob Schamberger has shared with 2 foreward us all. Rob’s passion for art and for professional wrestling struck me immediately as someone that has equally grown to love and appreciate both, and by Adam Pearce truth be told I am extremely jealous of his talents. -
How Women Fans of World Wrestling Entertainment Perceive Women Wrestlers Melissa Jacobs Clemson University, [email protected]
Clemson University TigerPrints All Theses Theses 5-2017 "They've Come to Draw Blood" - How Women Fans of World Wrestling Entertainment Perceive Women Wrestlers Melissa Jacobs Clemson University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses Recommended Citation Jacobs, Melissa, ""They've Come to Draw Blood" - How Women Fans of World Wrestling Entertainment Perceive Women Wrestlers" (2017). All Theses. 2638. https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses/2638 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses at TigerPrints. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Theses by an authorized administrator of TigerPrints. For more information, please contact [email protected]. “THEY’VE COME TO DRAW BLOOD” – HOW WOMEN FANS OF WORLD WRESTLING ENTERTAINMENT PERCEIVE WOMEN WRESTLERS A Thesis Presented to the Graduate School of Clemson University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts Communication, Technology, and Society by Melissa Jacobs May 2017 Accepted by: Dr. D. Travers Scott, Committee Chair Dr. Erin Ash Dr. Darren Linvill ABSTRACT For a long time, professional wrestling has existed on the outskirts of society, with the idea that it was just for college-aged men. With the rise of the popularity of the World Wrestling Entertainment promotion, professional wrestling entered the mainstream. Celebrities often appear at wrestling shows, and the WWE often hires mainstream musical artists to perform at their biggest shows, WrestleMania and Summer Slam. Despite this still-growing popularity, there still exists a gap between men’s wrestling and women’s wrestling. Often the women aren’t allowed long match times, and for the longest time sometimes weren’t even on the main shows. -
PDF EPUB} Terry Funk More Than Just Hardcore by Terry Funk Wrestling / Terry Funk
Read Ebook {PDF EPUB} Terry Funk More than Just Hardcore by Terry Funk Wrestling / Terry Funk. Meet the prime minister of hardcore wrestling. Known as "The Hardcore Icon" and "The Funker", Terrence Funk (born June 30, 1944) is a semi-/maybe retired American Professional Wrestler who is a former NWA World Heavyweight Champion , a pioneer of the hardcore style in North America, and one of the ECW Originals. He also has made appearances in Japan with AJPW and (around 2011) NJPW and Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling (FMW), as well as in Puerto Rico with the World Wrestling Council (WWC), the WWWF/WWF/WWE and WCW (both during the later NWA/WCW days and near the end of WCW's run), as well as MLW, SMW, Ring of Honor, TNA, Juggalo Championship Wrestling, Pro Wrestling Guerilla and MANY others. He's known as a member of the Funk Wrestling Family, which includes his late father Dory Funk Sr. (May 4, 1919 – June 3, 1973) and his older brother Dory Funk Jr. (born 1941). (As a bonus, Terry and Dory Jr. are the only brothers to date to ever hold the NWA World Heavyweight title.) In addition, there is his acting resume, starting with Paradise Alley in 1978. He may not look like much, but he's taken bumps men a third his age would not consider, let alone attempt. While not quite the living embodiment of hardcore (that would be Abdullah the Butcher), he ranks pretty close; the Funkasaurus is a walking museum, proselytizing the heritage of the sport as it originated in mid-20th century fairs. -
October 9, 1983 in Trotwood, OH Hara Arena Drawing ???
October 9, 1983 in Trotwood, OH Hara Arena drawing ??? 1. Tiger Chung Lee beat Bob Boyer. 2. Pat Patterson beat Dr. X. 3. Tony Garea beat Jerry Valiant. 4. Susan Starr & Penny Mitchell beat The Fabulous Moolah & Judy Martin. 5. Tito Santana beat Mike Sharpe. 6. Rocky Johnson beat Wild Samoan Samula. 7. Andre the Giant & Ivan Putski beat WWF Tag Champs Wild Samoans Afa & Sika. Note: This was the first WWF card in the Trotwood area. It was promoted off of their Saturday at noon show on WKEF Channel 22 which had recently replaced the syndicated Georgia Championhip Wrestling show in the same time slot. November 14, 1983 in Trotwood, OH Hara Arena drawing ??? 1. Steve Regal beat Bob Colt. 2. Eddie Gilbert beat Jerry Valiant. 3. Tiger Chung Lee beat Bob Bradley. 4. Sgt. Slaughter beat Steve Pardee. 5. Jimmy Snuka beat Mr. Fuji. 6. Pat Patterson beat Don Muraco via DQ. 7. Bob Backlund beat Ivan Koloff. December 12, 1983 in Trotwood, OH Hara Arena drawing ??? 1. Steve Regal drew Jerry Valiant 2. SD Jones beat Bobby Colt. 3. Tony Atlas beat Mr. Fuji via countout. 4. The Iron Sheik beat Jay Strongbow 5. The Masked Superstar beat Tony Garea. 6. WWF I-C Champion Don Muraco beat Ivan Putski via countout. 7. Jimmy Snuka beat Ivan Koloff. Last Updated: May 24, 2021 Page 1 of 16 February 1, 1984 in Trotwood, OH August 17, 1984 in Trotwood, OH Hara Arena drawing ??? Hara Arena drawing ??? 1. Battle royal. Scheduled for the match were Andre the Giant, Tony Atlas, 1. -
Nwa Dvd Match Lists
NWA DVD MATCH LISTS NWA Disc 1 (61-77) 17. Ric Flair vs Tony Russo 1/14/1980 47 sec NWA Disc 3 (1978-1979) 18. Ric Flair vs Billy Star 2/12/1980 6:01 1. Buddy Rogers vs Pat O'Connor (3rd fall) 6/30/1961 4 mins 19. Freebirds blind JYD 3/5/1980 (Rogers wins NWA title) 1. Ric Flair vs Jumbo Tsuruta (2/3 falls) 4/27/1978 32:07 (Flair’s 20. Mulligan vs Superstar (tourney final)Flair 4/6/1980 1 min 2. Ric Flair vs Chris Taylor 12/13/1973 4 mins Japan debut) (Superstar wins NWA TV title) 3. Ric Flair/Rip Hawk interview 1974 2. Flair/Superstar vs Steamboat/Jones 1978 (House Show) 5 mins 21. Masked Superstar Interview 4/6/1980 4. Jack Brisco vs Shohei Baba (2/3 falls) 12/2/1974 24:46 (Baba 3. Ric Flair vs Blackjack Mulligan (Cage) 1978 (House Show) 4 22. Ric Flair vs Jimmy Sunka 4/20/1980 2 mins (Flair wins US title) wins NWA title) mins 23. Snuka/Sheik/Gene Anderson interview 4/27/1980 5. Harley Race vs Dory Funk Jr 5/24/1973 1 min (Harley Race wins 4. Ric Flair vs BJ Mulligan 1978 (House Show) 7 mins 24. Rhodes/Ole vs Assassins cage(Ole turns) 7/1/1980 3 mins NWA title) 5. Ric Flair vs BJ Mulligan (Texas Death) 1978 (House Show) 8 25. Flair/Valentine vs Sheik/Snuka 7/8/1980 7 mins 6. Dusty Rhodes vs The Shiek 1975 2 mins mins 26. -
Mecca of the Squared Circle Mecca of the Squared Circle
“His face is a crimson mask”—just one example Wrestling legends Ric Flair and Gordon Solie of a phrase coined by legendary wrestling play-by-play photo courtesy Gene Gordon czar Gordon Solie, a man who held a pivotal role in ©Scooter Lesley promoting the mass appeal of Florida wrestling. Watching Championship Wrestling from Florida was a staple of life for many Floridians. The fans were both overt and closeted, but they all knew the flashy moves and big finishes. CWF became a top-rated statewide soap opera for the unwashed masses from the early 1950s to the late ’80s. Stars such as Eddie & Mike Graham, The Great Malenko, Buddy Colt, Jack & Jerry Brisco, Dory & Terry Funk, and Kurt & Karl Von Brauner, accompanied by their manager “Gentleman” Saul Weingroff, comprised the main attraction for a circus made up of high flyers and strongmen, heels and baby faces—and we were the stunned audience. Cowboy Luttrall drove the shows’ success. In the 1940s, his challenge of Joe Lewis to a boxer vs. wrestler match became his claim to fame. Lewis won, but Cowboy made a name for himself. The rest is history. Luttrall had an eye for talent, he quickly recruited legends such as Eddie Graham and his “brother” Dr. Jerry Graham, Hans Schmidt, Buddy “Killer” Austin, Ray Villmer, and one of the most hated combos in the history of the game—Kurt & Karl Von Brauner, the German Twins. World War II was not far removed from the memories of those attending the shows at venues such as Tampa’s Fort Homer Hesterly Armory.