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PAUL SHEFFIELD ICE PRESIDENT

s an Institution with more than 200 years of history we have been through some turbulent times. The We, of course, remain committed coronavirus pandemic is certainly one of those times to delivering activities in line with A and is creating uncertainty and disruption around the world. The Institution knows, through experience, that it our charter and minimising the impact is these times that require us to be pragmatic, flexing and bending with the wind without breaking. of the pandemic on the services we offer We also know that there is a security to be found in the familiar and the reliable while all else around us seems to be changing at a frenetic to you as part of your membership pace. You can also be absolutely assured that your Institution is doing everything it can to develop high quality knowledge, policy and “ membership products that address the current crisis and whatever may come after. flood defence and unpicking the recent Toddbrook reservoir review. Part of that process is why I am writing this column for you. We know The Institution has also begun to develop longer term thinking for the that members truly value the insight, information, news and expertise future. We know that Covid-19 will drive fundamental strategic changes that the pages of your member magazine offer and how important it is to the future of infrastructure. to maintain this no matter what is happening around us. However, we The pandemic has shone a light on the extreme ends of the spectrum also recognise that putting strain on already stretched resources by between economic growth and carbon reductions, between having job distributing the hard copy of NCE may not be appropriate under the current security and staying safe and between access to products that are cheap circumstances, which is why this and the next edition will be digital. versus guaranteed access to strategic goods. How we build a better Across the ICE we have seen tremendous change in the past months new normal will be important and with our new Covid-19 programme, and have been able to achieve some startling things in an incredibly working with the Infrastructure Client Group, the ICE will seek to inform short space of time. We, of course, remain committed to delivering and guide the debate at all levels. activities in line with our charter and minimising the impact of the With all the changes and significant interventions the ICE is pandemic on the services we offer to you as part of your membership. undertaking and has planned it is hugely important to us that we can We have already moved our entire knowledge offering online. reliably remain in contact with you all, so we ask that you make sure Members can continue their professional development online through your contact details are up to date on the MyICE section of the ICE our member-only Learning Hub and we have been adding vital website. That way you will be guaranteed to receive the latest updates programmes to this to support you as we all learn to work remotely. But, and information from the Institution. in addition we have developed a whole programme of strategy sessions As I mentioned at the beginning, these are unprecedented times that and prestige lectures that will keep you firmly abreast of the big issues require pragmatism, while continuing to provide secure and reliable facing civil engineers. The first of these lectures in April attracted over touch points. This may be a temporary change to the distribution 1,000 people online. method of NCE, but I hope you agree that we are continuing to offer an Coming up this month are strategy sessions addressing systems invaluable service in what are difficult times for everyone. thinking and digital technologies and lectures exploring the future of l Paul Sheffield is ICE President

JUNE 2020 | NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 3 Contents NEW CIVIL ENGINEER JUNE 2020 MAGAZINE OF THE INSTITUTION OF CIVIL ENGINEERS

08 News, Comment 21 Future & Analysis of Airports

08 The Edit: HS2 stations and trains face post-Covid redesign

09 The Edit: Replacement Polcevera viaduct nears completion

11 Inside Track: HS2 contractors gear up to start work

12 Inside Track: Road sites operate despite social distancing fears

13 Inside Track: Covid tech revolution

14 Inside Track: Maintenance focus on new Italian bridge collapse

16 Big Interview: Paul Sheffi eld, ICE President on bylaw changes

20 Your View: Toddbrook; Eurocodes

46 ICE Record The coronavirus pandemic has thrust airport expansion plans under the microscope as engineers reassess the role of air travel and look at ways airports could be reconfi gured in a post-Covid world

22 How should airport operators 30 Rival Heathrow airport respond to changes resulting from expansion teams slug it out the coronavirus pandemic? with diff erent approaches to the 46 ICE researches post-Covid world; supporting infrastructure for the 26 Ground improvement leads third runway new Trustee Board members; more Singapore airport expansion content moves online

4 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER JUNE 2020 For instant updates follow us: Twitter: @ncedigital LinkedIn: new civil engineer Facebook: ncedigital

Instagram Email: newcivilengineer.com/newsletters

33 Innovative Live! EDITORIAL TEAM Thinking EDITORIAL ENQUIRIES Email: [email protected]

Editor Claire Smith (020) 3953 2818 claire.smith

Features Editor Nadine Buddoo (020) 3953 2819 nadine.buddoo

News Editor Rob Horgan (020) 3953 2087 rob.horgan

LISTEN: THE ENGINEERS COLLECTIVE Features Reporter NCE looks at the early opening of the A14 in Catherine Kennedy 34 Harnessing heat from the (020) 3953 2095 catherine.kennedy Cambridgeshire. Go to newcivilengineer.com/podcast Underground to warm buildings to listen to the latest episodes and The Engineers News Reporter in north London Joshua Stein Collective back catalogue (020) 3953 2088 joshua.stein 36 The tech behind High Speed 2’s 3 Chief Sub Editor 30M.m central section muckshift Andy Bolton (020) 3953 2823 | andy.bolton 42 Innovation showcase: Deltek Designer James McCarthy [email protected]

Graphic Artist 44 Innovative Anthea Carter Thinker [email protected]

BOOK NOW CUSTOMER SERVICES New Civil Engineer’s Future of Airports conference (020) 3953 2152 [email protected] is back on 11-12 November 2020. Visit airports. newcivilengineer.com to see the speaker line up DISPLAY ADVERTISING Francis Barham (020) 953 2912 francis.barham COMING SOON

Future of Roads https://roads.newcivilengineer.com/ Future of Rail 44 BuroHappold’s James Forsey on https://rail.newcivilengineer.com taking the lead in the battle against the climate emergency

JUNE 2020 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 5 Lighthouse ICE VIEWPOINT

How will the coronavirus pandemic change our infrastructure use?

irport capacity in the dictated and not chosen. There are The ICE is UK was a national no guarantees that consumers and talking point heading businesses will fly less when they have progressing A into the coronavirus free choice again. pandemic, with In any case, can a global economy work to build an expansion at Heathrow ruled out on thrive without moving people and environmental grounds by the Court of goods physically via air travel? This too understanding of Appeal. is fundamental to the airport expansion That decision by no means spells the BY ART WE debate. what the longer-term end of plans for a third runway at the MASTER Beyond airports, there have also “lifecycle implications UK’s largest airport and we can expect WHAT WOULD been significant changes to the demand a resumption of that debate in due MASTER US profiles of other infrastructure networks might be if changes course. as lockdown measures have confined In fact, when that happens it is likely all but essential activities to the home. to infrastructure that the environmental challenge During April, UK road traffic dipped to Heathrow’s expansion will have to as low as 73% of pre-coronavirus use patterns were to strengthened. During April, departures levels, while national rail and London from the largest UK airports fell by Tube travel both fell below 80%; become permanent around 90% as a result of national and equating to millions of every day international lockdown restrictions. journeys having not been undertaken. On any measure, this has been For those job roles where it is positive from an air quality and suitable, this has led to wide-scale were to become permanent. emissions reduction point of view. remote working, which in itself There are two parts to this. The first Of course this scenario has been has placed new demands on other is to build an understanding of attitudes infrastructure networks, such as towards life under lockdown. This will telecommunications and broadband be done through public opinion polls connectivity. and focus groups. If these arrangements were to The second is to work with the During April, become permanent after the economy government and the UK’s infrastructure UK road emerges from the other side of the providers to identify the policy coronavirus pandemic, this could interventions that would be required if traffic dipped to as mean both a reduction in fixed costs public opinion has moved to a position for businesses and in travel costs for that is now at odds with traditional low as 73% of pre- those employees who commute long norms around working and socialising. distances for work. The results of this work, and other coronavirus levels; As part of its response to the coronavirus-related projects that the “while national rail and coronavirus pandemic, the ICE ICE is progressing, will be published is progressing work to build an throughout the course of 2020. London Tube travel understanding of what the longer-term l If you would like to find lifecycle implications might be if out more please contact both fell below 80% changes to infrastructure use patterns [email protected]

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® MORE NEWS AIRPORTS HEATHROW More ‘UNLIKELY’ TO The Edit coverage RESTART EXPANSION ESSENTIAL NEWS & INFORMATION online at PLAN SOON FROM NEWCIVILENGINEER.COM newcivil engineer.com The Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) has said that it is “unlikely” that Heathrow’s expansion plan including construction of its third runway will be restarted in the “short term”. It said that it is adjusting its plans and is now setting new price controls for Heathrow as a “two runway” airport for the period starting January 2022. Heathrow Airport Ltd (HAL) paused its expansion programme in March, following a Court of Appeal ruling. That decision coupled with impact of the Covid-19 pandemic has led to the CAA’s belief that HAL is unlikely to resume its expansion programme in the near future. It adds: “It is unclear whether capacity expansion will proceed and at the very least there will be significant implications for the timeline of the capacity expansion programme.”

High Speed 2 stations and ROADS KEY STATS £27BN ROAD trains could be redesigned for SPENDING £4.5bn PROGRAMME FACES post-coronavirus world Value of LEGAL CHALLENGE Highways Sustainable transport activists at the Transport Action Network are HIGH SPEED 2 tell,” Thurston said. “The likelihood England appealing to the High Court to order a High Speed 2 Ltd chief executive Mark is that the world will never be the Smart judicial review of the government’s Thurston has admitted that the same again and we have to figure out roads programme. They claim the mega-project’s stations and trains what we want to leave behind.” He Motorways Department for Transport (DfT) may have to be redesigned to factor in added: “From a design point of view Alliance ignored environmental legislation travel habits in a “post-coronavirus we need to look at what that means in programme when it approved the five year plan in world”. Thurston revealed that a team terms of density of people as well, March. It includes £14.7bn worth of has been set up within HS2 Ltd to both on trains and in stations. I think road upgrades between 2020 and observe the changing travel habits of that is a real challenge for us and we 2025. The Lower Thames Crossing the population over the next 18 will not know the absolute answer and the controversial Stonehenge months, while speaking during a until we observe people’s travel Tunnel are also among the major Railway Industry Association webinar habits for the next six, 12 or 18 projects in the plan. The Transport on the impact of the coronavirus. He months, and then we adjust our Action Network is launching the said that the initial station and train designs to those habits. “I think it is a appeal following a court ruling which designs “from a pre-coronavirus time” great time and opportunity for High outlawed the government’s National may have to be changed during Speed 2 and the supply chain to come Airports Policy Statement which detailed design to factor in things like together and innovate.” Thurston backs Heathrow Airport’s expansion social distancing. “We’ve clearly got added that it is important to set the plans. The Court of Appeal ruled that designs thus far that are based on ball rolling on this thinking early as the statement failed to consider the pre-coronavirus norms. How we there may come a time when government’s commitments to cut adjust those over time, in fact if we legislation forces the industry to carbon emissions under the 2016 need to adjust them, only time will implement new design standards. Paris Agreement.

8 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER | JUNE 2020 STRUCTURES POLCEVERA NEARS FINISH

The final span of the new Polcevera Viaduct in Genoa, Italy was lifted into place 19 months after the collapse of the old structure which killed 43 people. This marks the end of the main construction phase, and the bridge is scheduled to open to traffic in July – on schedule despite coronavirus restrictions on site. A joint venture between contractors Salini Impregilo and Fincantieri has led construction with Rina Consulting working as project managers.

ROADS RAIL ROADS HIGHWAYS ENGLAND MANCHESTER ‘SUPER KEY STATS STONEHENGE AWARDS SMART HUB’ TO UNDERPIN TUNNEL AND A303 MOTORWAYS HIGH SPEED NORTH £1.7bn UPGRADE DECISIONS ALLIANCE CONTRACT PROJECT Value of DELAYED Highways England has announced the A Manchester Piccadilly “super hub” A303 Transport secretary Grant Shapps winners of its Smart Motorways has been proposed as part of the High upgrade has announced that the planning Alliance contract, worth £4.5bn. Speed North rail project. The decisions for two upgrades on the Winners include Fluor, WSP, Jacobs Revisiting High Speed North report by between A303 will be delayed until 17 July Engineering, Costain, Balfour Beatty, rail research company Greengauge21 Amesbury to allow for further work to be and Bam Nuttall/Morgan Sindall Joint proposes incremental rail undertaken. Planning approval of Venture. The alliance partners will improvements to help kick-start the and Berwick the A303 Amesbury to Berwick design and deliver Highways England’s economy in the North. It suggests a Down Down section, which includes the smart motorway programme for 10 new tunnel from the western suburb Stonehenge Tunnel, was expected in years. The value of the framework is of Ordsall to Manchester Piccadilly, April after funding was approved in expected to be £4.5bn, but could rise to could connect to High Speed 2 (HS2) the March Budget. The Development £7bn. A Highways England spokesperson and Northern Powerhouse Rail. Fast Consent Order application for the said: “Today’s announcement marks trains from Chester, North Wales, £1.7bn scheme, which includes a the start of a pioneering new Liverpool, Blackpool, Barrow and 3km tunnel and 13km of dual approach to how Highways England Glasgow could travel through the carriageway construction, was made does business. The 10 year framework super hub with services heading east on 2 January following will see us join forces with six across the Pennines to Leeds/ recommendations by the Planning partners to safely deliver a key Bradford, Sheffield, Hull, York and Inspectorate. Shapps’ announcement element of the government’s second Newcastle. The report adds that the also delays the decision about the Road Investment Strategy.” The smart super hub would meet the desire of £179M A303 Sparkford to Ilchester motorway programme will include Manchester authorities for an dualling scheme to upgrade 5km of measures set out in the recent underground “through” station at trunk road to dual carriageway. A Department for Transport stocktake Manchester Piccadilly along an decision on this was initially expected of smart motorway safety concerns. east-west alignment. in December last year.

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FIND OUT MORE AT WWW.SUNBELTRENTALS.CO.UK Inside Track THE BIGGEST ISSUES OF THE MONTH EXPLORED

are going to cost more than the original Enabling work is underway, but the £5.8bn that was budgeted. main construction phase begins The cost of all main civils works is now later this year or in early 2021 expected to come in at £12bn, more than double the initial £5.8bn target price. A source at one contractor said: “What we were being asked to get down to last year, or the year before was unreasonable. It was never going to happen and it would have been irresponsible for any of the JVs to price the job low just to get the go-ahead. I believe the figures being talked about now are far more realistic.” Opponents of the scheme have questioned the timing of the decision, with anti-HS2 lobby group Stop HS2 labelling the go-ahead announcement during the coronavirus lockdown as “shamelessly opportunistic”, while councillors in Buckinghamshire said they were “dismayed” at the timing of the notice to proceed. Lowery – who is also Eiffage UK executive director – explained that notice to proceed unlocks a huge amount of value, allowing contractors to sign deals HIGH SPEED 2 with sub contractors and suppliers. “There’s still a lot of preparatory work ‘Plenty to do’ before HS2 construction starts and detailed design to go before work on the ground begins,” Lowery said. “What notice to proceed does is it Notice to proceed ends a two-year stand-off between HS2 Ltd and its allows us to sign contracts with our contractors over costs. But more must be done before work starts on site strategic delivery partners for the next stage. It also allows us to get on board tier two, three and even tier four suppliers and BY ROB HORGAN sign contracts with them.” He added: “There has been a huge amount of work put in to get to notice to ne of High Speed 2’s (HS2’s) Robert McAlpine and Kier were originally proceed. We have 10 strategic partners main contractors has told NCE awarded the main civils packages in July which got us this far and now we are in that “there is still plenty to do” 2017, but were unable to start work until the process of renegotiating with them to Obefore the main construction phase gets the notice to proceed was handed down. discuss how we can take that on to the underway, even though the project has This was originally earmarked for next stage of detailed design and then been given the official go-ahead. November 2018, with construction due construction. EKFB JV is one of the contractors. to start in “early 2019”. Decisions on the “Regardless of whether or not we were Its director of HS2 main civils works go-ahead were delayed several times with in lockdown we would not be looking at contracts David Lowery explained contractors told to “go away and sharpen starting work until later this summer or that while notice to proceed from the their pencils” to reduce costs. early autumn. That said, we are looking government was “a huge boost for the An HS2 Ltd spokesperson confirmed at construction schedules and what work project and the industry as a whole”, that talks with contractors about costs can be brought forward in the case of contractors would not get on site until late were still ongoing as recently as February lockdown as we are determined to stick to this year or early next year regardless of this year. At the time, HS2 Ltd said that the overall schedule and end date.” coronavirus lockdown restrictions. re-tendering the contracts would be The EKFB JV will deliver lots C2 and Main civils packages contractors were a decision for the government, if HS2 C3 of HS2 phase one between London given the notice to proceed in April, Ltd was unable to agree costs with its and Birmingham. The lots cover an effectively paving the way for construction contractors. There now appears to have 80km section between the Chilterns and to begin. Contractors including Skanska, been an acceptance by HS2 Ltd and the Warwickshire and include 15 viaducts, Costain, Bouygues, VolkerFitzpatrick, Sir government that the main civils packages 5km of tunnels, 22km of road diversions,

JUNE 2020 | NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 11 Inside Track Xxxxx xxxx xxxxx

67 overbridges and 30M.m3 of excavation. ROADS The total value of the section, including the design and development work already Mixed Covid messages completed is now £2.3bn – up from the original £1.3bn target price. The EKFB JV originally comprised Road workers complain of Eiffage, Kier and Carillion. When Carillion collapsed in January 2018, Eiffage and unsafe working conditions Kier continued alone. Now that notice to proceed has been given, Ferrovial and BY ROB HORGAN Bam Nuttall have come on board. “Having Bam Nuttall and Ferrovial on he mixed approach to highways board expands our capacity and capability work during the Covid-19 pandemic to carry out the next phase of work and is leading to confusion and anger ensures we have the capacity for when it Tamong road surfacing and maintenance comes to construction,” Lowery added. “It crews. Highways maintenance workers also means we have experienced partners have told NCE that they feel “unsafe” from all over the Continent, who have a carrying out work which they say is wealth of experience on high speed rail impossible to do while adhering to projects.” social distancing guidelines. The story is much the same for the They claim that the situation is made other three main civils JVs working on the worse by the different approaches project, with full scale construction not adopted by local authorities across the really starting in earnest until next year. country, which is causing resentment The first tunnel boring machine (TBM), for among workers still on site. While some example, is not scheduled to be launched councils have stripped back work to until 2021, and major earthworks are “essential repairs” only, others are sticking unlikely to begin until the turn of the year. to their maintenance schedules and some That said, some big temporary bridges are even ramping up the amount of work at least two people working in close are scheduled to go in over a motorway to take advantage of the lower levels of proximity.” He added: “We raised it with near Birmingham, huge construction traffic on the roads during lockdown. our bosses and they were sympathetic but compounds will be set up at the Chilterns NCE has been alerted to a row about said as long as no-one was showing any tunnel south portal near the M25, and coronavirus safety which occurred at one symptoms [of Covid-19] then we had to there is still an enormous amount of local authority highways department in keep on turning up or it would be marked archaeology work to finish. the north of England in late March. It is as an unauthorised absence.” At Old Oak Common station in West understood that senior local authority Trade union Unite has urged local London, piling work is expected to start managers were determined to push ahead authorities and Highways England to at the end of the year. HS2 Ltd is also with carriageway works while traffic do more to protect highways worker expected to appoint contractors for its levels were low despite the misgivings of safety. In response, a spokesperson for Birmingham stations and rail systems. maintenance crews. Highways England said that “all [Highways Although construction is still some way “Covid-19 was really taking off and it England] sites have strict safeguarding off, SCS JV managing director James was felt that carrying out the necessary measures in line with PHE [Public Health Richardson said that notice to proceed activities was not compatible with social England] guidance, to prevent the spread gives the industry “confidence [...] in distancing,” said a technician, speaking of Covid-19”. The spokesperson added these changing times”. on the condition of anonymity. “Initially, work is essential “to ensure life-saving “We’re delighted to have been granted middle management was instructed to medicine, equipment, supplies and notice to proceed to commence full progress the works regardless of the healthcare staff can travel to where they detailed design and construction of Phase concerns of operatives,” the technician are needed most”. 1 of the HS2 railway in the southern said. “Eventually good sense prevailed and One council that has managed to section of the overall project, which the bosses backed off.” achieve harmony with its highways includes Euston tunnels and Northolt Similar stand offs are occurring across maintenance workforce is Oxford City tunnels,” he said. the country, with workers forced to Council. Between the last week in March “HS2 will support the UK economy for choose between their health and their and the end of April Oxford Direct years to come and will form the backbone pay packets. Another worker in the south Services (ODS), a local authority trading of our rail network connecting around of England – who works for a tier one company wholly-owned by Oxford City 30M people. It will also enable us, in contractor – said that “there is no way” Council, completed 381 road maintenance these changing times, to give confidence social distancing can be adhered to for inspections and repaired 1,191 defects. to our businesses, supply chain and road maintenance crews. This is a marked increased on the same the communities that we are working “It is impossible to keep 2m apart while period last year when ODS completed with, by creating thousands of jobs and carrying out most jobs,” the worker said. work on 708 defects. ODS is also bringing apprenticeships and strengthening the “There are some jobs where you can do forward its programme of planned industry for the future.” it on your own, but a lot of work requires resurfacing works for Oxford city centre,

12 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER | JUNE 2020 MORE NEWS NEWCIVILENGINEER.COM

GEOTECHNICS The use of artificial intelligence (AI) has Road workers are also increased since lockdown. Vivacity concerned about Tech firms in Covid boost Labs has been using its AI sensor network social distancing – which provides continuous streams of practicalities data on urban transport – to monitor the Coronavirus speeds up impact of Covid-19 on highways. It showed site technology revolution that by 25 March, following lockdown, there had been a 60% reduction in traffic across the country. BY CATHERINE KENNEDY In Oxfordshire, data from the sensor network has also been processed to he advantages of technology in calculate whether social distancing rules engineering are being brought to the are being followed by pedestrians – it fore by the Covid-19 lockdown. has found that peak daily pedestrian TAcross the country, construction firms interactions have fallen by 70%. This have been forced to adapt to the Covid-19 type of tracking technology is now being crisis and subsequent lockdown forcing trialled as a means of keeping workers the industry to think on its feet. distanced and safe on site. In the past, construction and Construction management software engineering firms have implemented firm Procore has identified a similar technology for the office-based side shift towards technology uptake during of construction, often neglecting lockdown, according to its director of UK construction sites themselves. and Ireland Brandon Oliveri-O’Connor. The pandemic has the potential to “We were all waiting for a catalyst in this change this – and fast – as the industry industry – the momentum was building,” discovers that with technology, remote he said. “There is going to be a time site management is feasible. post-Covid – if it’s not happening already Remote site monitoring software – where executives are looking each other with work beginning in the next two weeks. company Sensat chief executive James in the eyes and saying, ‘How could we have ODS head of infrastructure Sophie Dean believes the growth of his company better prepared for this? How can we ensure Hearn told NCE that it is “using the is proof that the construction and that we’re prepared for this in the future?’.” opportunity to get out and fix the roads engineering sectors have been on the Procore offers a platform that connects whilst the traffic is quiet”. “We have brink of a technology revolution for business applications and stores the found that we are able to access some some time. He believes that solutions information in one place, allowing awkward potholes that are normally brought about during lockdown will now companies to easily view important under parked cars in controlled parking accelerate that revolution. data and standardise operations. Using bays on city centre streets. It has also “It’s a forcing function on this industry, iPhones, Android devices or tablets, field been a great time to tackle loose and which didn’t really need to change communication – such as site diaries – can rocking slabs on city centre footways,” before,” said Dean. “Suddenly things have be logged and connected back to offices in Hearn said. had to change overnight. What are going a single platform. “Teams of two have been paired up to be the long term implications of that? Oliveri-O’Connor added the firms that since the start of the outbreak and “If companies use these new have already used technology like this allocated to work only with that person. technologies for 90 days and they become have found remote working relatively This means we are able to isolate all habits, it’s unlikely they’ll go back to the straightforward. He believes this makes individuals in the team should someone old way of working. So we could actually the case for more remote working once show symptoms. The pairs are looking see a productivity boost of double digits lockdown restrictions are relaxed and the out for each other’s welfare,” Hearn in the course of the next year.” “new normal” is established. added. “Where necessary operatives Sensat’s value has risen from £0 to £47M Digital tools for public engagement go out in separate vehicles. Back at the in its three year lifespan, a growth that are also proving their worth during the depot, the teams are isolated from each looks set to increase as the construction pandemic, with many councils and the other both at start and end of shift. industry turns to technology during the Planning Inspectorate now in the process Additional cleaning of all areas is taking coronavirus pandemic. of setting up digital public consultations. place.” The company has made its remote Aecom has launched its own virtual The Highways Sector Council (HSC) working platform Mapp free for six public consultation tool to digitally has issued new guidance for local road months. Using Mapp, project teams showcase consultation materials, works, which includes several of the can take snapshots of sites at the point including videos, maps and plans. “Much measures already put in place by ODS. of closing and monitor them remotely has happened in the past month – and Amey managing director James Haluch throughout lockdown. On the Barking those at the forefront of construction – who sits on the HSC’s working group – Riverside Overground Extension project technology appreciate the gravity of the said that ultimately “if an activity cannot being carried out by a Morgan Sindall pandemic but also feel it could make the be done in line with current guidelines, it Volker Fitzpatrick JV this has already industry better,” said Aecom global lead shouldn’t take place”. been done. for digital transformation Kevin Carlson.

JUNE 2020 | NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 13 Inside Track

temperature, leading to surfacing cracks that open and close horizontally, in line with the bridge. But there should not be any vertical movements. “At the abutments, you would expect the same horizontal movements too, but it is also common for there to be some vertical movements behind the abutment, where the ground settles, but the bridge structure does not. This is common in many bridges, with an ongoing maintenance regime required to restore the road surfacing levels over the abutment, to keep them level with the structure of the bridge itself. “This may be all that we are seeing. However, if there were vertical movements over the piers or vertical movements of the bridge itself in front of the abutment, then something is very wrong. Equally, excessively large horizontal movements (ie more than due to normal temperature variations) would also indicate that the bridge structure was in trouble.” He added: “Looking at the failure It is thought the collapse could have pictures again, it does seem that something begun where the bridge spanned the river odd has happened around Pier 1 and Span 1 [the pier and the first span over the river], as the collapsed deck/arch is very STRUCTURES different at that location to the other areas of collapsed deck and arch. Latest Italian bridge collapse highlights “This suggests that the failure did start around Pier 1/Span 1. Once that occurred, continued maintenance failings bringing down Span 1, the progressive collapse mechanism begins, pushing over the other piers and bringing the others arches down.” Cracks in deck grew over nine years before catastrophic failure It is the third incident involving a road bridge in Italy in recent years. The BY ROB HORGAN most catastrophic was the failure of the Polcevera Viaduct in Genoa, which evere cracks had propagated in the engineers decided that it posed no danger collapsed in 2018, killing 43 people and Albiano Magra bridge in Italy several to the structure. Images obtained by NCE injuring 13. The rebuild project is on track years before it collapsed in April, via Google Maps show visible cracks across to be completed later this year (see The Saccording to images discovered by NCE. the deck at each abutment, up to nine years Edit, page 8). The 260m long bridge near the town before the collapse. The images – taken A motorway bridge on the A6 in Liguria of Aulla, midway between Genoa and in 2011, 2018 and 2019 – reveal that the also collapsed following a landslide in Florence, collapsed in April. cracks worsened over the years, getting November last year. A 20m section of Due to lockdown the usually busy trunk considerably worse between 2018 and 2019. the viaduct collapsed after it was hit by road was almost empty and only two Analysing the images of the cracking, a landslide caused by torrential rain. No motorists were injured. independent bridge consultant Simon injuries were reported from the Liguria Images of the collapse released by Bourne said that they should have been collapse. the Italian fire and rescue service show recognised as an “early indication that Following the collapse of the Polcevera that five approximately 50m spans of the something was moving” above at least one Viaduct, a leading Italian research body bridge on the SS330 road collapsed. An of the bridge’s piers. demanded the implementation of a investigation into the cause has been “The crack looks like fairly typical “Marshall plan” costing “tens of billions of launched, and 17 people are currently movement around the expansion joint at Euros” to bring the tens of thousands of under investigation. Initial reports suggest the end of the bridge, in other words it is bridges across Italy that have exceeded poor maintenance could be to blame. not a structural fault,” Bourne told NCE. their design life up to standard. According to Italian newspaper La “Over the piers, you would expect to see l Images of cracking within the Repubblica, a crack had appeared in the some cracking in the road surfacing, as the deck can be viewed here: bridge last November, but inspecting bridge spans expand and contract with www.bit.ly/AlbianoCollapse

14 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER | JUNE 2020 www.cordek.com

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PRODUCTS FOR THE PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS FROM THE EFFECTS OF EXPANSIVE SOIL Paul Sheffield PRESIDENT, ICE BY CLAIRE SMITH Making your governance vote count

his summer the ICE issues too. That is really difficult to will be asking its do with a big cohort of people, so members to vote on the recommendation at the time was T three key questions to change the structure of the ICE to relating to governance. introduce a much smaller Trustee Ballot papers arriving in ICE Board with 12 people.” members’ email inboxes or through Council agreed with the changes their letter boxes have been more and put it out to ballot in June 2018.

The Interview The than two years in the development. “There was a feeling from some The Institution hopes that the vote members that this change was rushed will resolve key governance issues through and not properly consulted that it set out to improve in 2018. or explained,” says Sheffield. “There While the questions put onto the were also some who did not feel that ballot paper (see box) will have a the changes were necessary at all.” straightforward yes or no answer, As a result of these concerns, a understanding how those questions “In reality, the modern way of Special General Meeting (SGM) was came to be asked means looking back looking at running any organisation or called following that initial ballot to at changes within the ICE over the last charity – with ever increasing financial check that due process had been couple of years. regulation – is to reduce the number followed. ICE President Paul Sheffield has of trustees so that you can effectively “There were three votes put to the said that the vote is the culmination create an executive board. These SGM that questioned the validity of of the Presidential Commission, led by need to be people who are used to the process and direction of travel of former ICE President David Orr, which running a business and dealing with the move to a smaller Trustee Board,” was launched two years ago to review profit and loss and managing the legal says Sheffield. the Institution’s governance to ensure “It was concluded that the ballot it complies with its Royal Charter. had been done legally and the “In 2018 there was quite a lot of membership had voted in favour of debate at Council about the changes the changes. that they were preparing to go out “The Council then tried to work to ballot on and those changes really In reality, the with the membership to see what were instigated by a recognition that changes could be instigated to improve the legal leadership of the ICE sat in modern way both governance and transparency of the hands of the 35 Council members the Institution going forward without and all of them were Trustees of the of looking at running overturning the changes that were charity,” explains Sheffield. any organisation or brought in by the ballot. “They all had legal responsibilities “It was a look at a more for financial performance, as well as charity is to reduce the collaborative approach.” the ethical performance in upholding This collaborative aim led to the its Royal Charter. “ Presidential Commission, which is number of trustees

16 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER | JUNE 2020 ICE members will be voting on the composition of the Trustee Board, the nominations committee and about the way Special General Meetings are held

KEY POINTS FOR THE 2020 BALLOT

The ballot will cover three points that the a key role to play by being at the forefront of exist to check that the people applying are Presidential Commission identified as requiring knowledge leadership and this was underlined by competent for the task.” changes to ICE bylaws in order to implement. the Orr Commission. Under the proposed changes, the Nominations ICE President Paul Sheffield explains the The formation of the Council remains Committee is being expanded from between six significance of these issues. unchanged from the 2018 revision that reduced and 10 members to between nine and 12. Under the numner of members from 44 to 38 when the 2018 changes the committee was formed TRUSTEE BOARD trustee responsibility was removed, and the body by a past president as chair, the President, the “The Trustee Board is a new body that was given a more advisory remit. The headcount senior vice president and at least three Council brought about two years ago, but the Orr reduction was a result of moving from having members appointed by the Trustee Board. Under Commission has looked at the constitution of seven vice presidents on the Council to just the the new proposal, the group will be led by a the board,” explains Sheffield. “The original 2018 senior vice president. Sheffield says that the past president with the President and senior vice concept for the balance of the board was skewed formation of the Trustee Board creates focus on president, plus members drawn from the graduate slightly in favour of the presidential cohort.” governance and business issues to allow Council or student membership, ICE members and Council Currently the Trustee Board is formed of 12 to focus on lifelong learning. members. There will be more fluidity about how people – the President acts as chair with seven many should come from each of those groups. vice presidents, three Council members and NOMINATIONS COMMITTEE one nominated member. The proposals being “The Nominations Committee has a SPECIAL GENERAL MEETINGS put to ballot would see the President remain as responsibility to ensure that people who are “The final three findings from the Orr Commission chair with three vice presidents, three Council put forward for vote by members are both centre around Special General Meetings (SGM) members and one nominated member joined by competent for the role and do reflect diversity,” and it was agreed that there is no need to change four ordinary members that are elected by the explains Sheffield. “It is not a new committee, as the number of requisitions needed to call an ICE membership. it has always existed as part of the Institution’s SGM,” says Sheffield. “But we want to make it “If you think about what the Trustee Board succession planning and exists to put in place the absolutely clear that non-members can attend is, it’s actually the board of directors of a £35M chairs of the disciplinary panel, audit committee and speak at an SGM. They are just not allowed a year organisation,” explains Sheffield. “It and so on. to vote. It is more a clarification than a change.” has wide-ranging responsibility and strategic “What is being encouraged through the Where there is a change is the move to make leadership responsibilities.” Orr Commission is that the operation of the it possible to vote in an SGM electronically. “The According to Sheffield, being a technically committee is far more transparent. Now it will rules were laid out at a time when more people accomplished civil engineer does not necessarily act as a gatekeeper for election to the Trustee were based in London but we need to modernise mean you have the right skills for the Trustee Board but its members will not nominate, and make the process more inclusive,” explains Board. He says that the Council members have recommend or suggest people themselves. They Sheffield.

JUNE 2020 | NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 17 18 NEWCIVILENGINEER |JUNE 2020 The Interview findings are acceptedinfull,however, Trustee Board thatall20ofthe voted on. will becalledandhowthey how future SpecialGeneralMeetings and engagementissues,inaddition to alsocovered transparency findings The the President andvicepresident are. roles are, aswellwhattheroles of Council willbechaired andwhattheir formed; howtheTrustee Board and how theNominationsCommitteeis methods forelectingthatboard; and balanceoftheTrustee Board; governance structure; composition of issues. findings, whichcovered awiderange final latelastyearwith20key report respond aheadofthefinal report. regional committeesinvitedto shared withthemembership consulted. with manyhundreds ofmembers thorough” and“extensive” “very Commission. also sometimesreferred toas theOrr Council recommended to the Council recommended tothe The findings relate tothetoplevel The Commissionpublishedits The draftfindingswere extensively Sheffield describesitsworkas “ representative ensure theresults are to vote onthisto eligible members to gethalfofthe attendance and voting for Special attendance andvotingforSpecial for not weneedtochangetherules The third istoagree whetheror – membersoftheTrustee Board. how doyouappoint–anddismiss made up,”hesays.“Thesecond, Trustee Board –howthe board is fundamental issues. are beingaskedtoconsiderthree asked tovoteon. changes thatmembersare nowbeing existing bylawsanditisthose some require changestotheICE’s “The first is the balance of the “The firstisthebalanceof According toSheffield,members fantastic It would be governance www.ice.org.uk/about-ice/ in full,goto: Commission report Presidential the andtoread governance l respond. ICE memberswillhavesixweeksto representative.” vote onthistoensure theresults are get halfoftheeligiblemembersto he says.“Itwouldbefantasticto reported byotherorganisations,” similartothat low numberbutisvery such issues,whichisalamentably of oureligiblemembersvotingon transitional period,”saysSheffield. evolving process andthere willbea inNovemberbutitisan starts place whenthenextCouncilperiod the changesinprinciple. – bothofwhomhavealready agreed Council andtheEngineering the changeswillgobefore thePrivy yes orno. General Meetings.” For more details on ICE details on ICE Formore The ballot was launched in May and The ballotwaslaunchedinMayand “Traditionally wegetaround 9% “We wanttohavethechangesin Once thevoteshavebeencounted, The votewillbeastraightforward the Presidential Commission, are aresponse totheworkof The proposed bylaw changes led byICEpastpresident

David Orr

Bridge were grouted. In fact, at the time of the construction of the Huntingdon Bridge, there was much consideration among the supervisory team about the long term reliability of profiled post- Your View tensioning ducts due to concerns LETTERS TO THE EDITOR that grout “bleeding” could lead AND COMMENTS ONLINE to water tracking within the ducts which could expose tendons to voids within the ducting and thus a loss of alkali protection. The supervising engineers for the STRUCTURES Current hENs are written Huntingdon Bridge were sufficiently EUROCODE DEBATE uniquely to support the CPR for concerned by the risks associated @ trade within the EU/EEA (as I recall, with bleeding that they monitored CONTINUES a majority are still written with the amount of bleed water that former CPD provisions). Whether drained from the ducts during and I wonder if someone who, not this helps manufacturers with after the grouting process. The so long ago, chaired BSI’s policy regulatory compliance in the EU/ volume of water collected was panel for the Construction EEA is not relevant to this debate, within what was then understood Products Regulation (CPR) and but they certainly are not written to be acceptable levels but the its predecessor, the Construction for compliance with UK regulatory supervisors remained concerned Products Directive (CPD), might requirements. about the risk of localised voiding contribute to the debate that the Thus, it may actually be within the grout ducts. Inside Track article (NCE, March necessary for the UK to take a As the bridge had been the 2020) has started? different approach from the EU for I wouldn’t want to disagree with construction product standards, the points Donald Lamont makes assuming the UK declines to follow (NCE, April 2020) about codes of the same retrograde line that the practice, but I am concerned that Commission seems to have in mind. some important fundamentals are The UK will not be able (nor, being missed by all concerned as perhaps, willing) to use EU regards standards for construction technical regulations as such, but products. For example, assuming BSI will obviously retain the need for is to continue its membership of the construction product standards, European standardisation bodies. even if these are technically Although the CEN/Cenelec identical. Equally, the UK will internal regulations require the not be able to accept standards withdrawal of any national standard that provide only for essential that conflicts with a European one, characteristics and CE marking. the term “conflicting standards” can, It will be interesting to see how in practice, only mean “conflicting BSI reacts to this. as regards trade with the European Haydn White (M), Huntingdon Bridge: Grout concerns Union (EU)/European Economic [email protected] Area (EEA)”. For example, the UK subject of a contractor’s alternative is entitled to maintain, and indeed BRIDGES design, the supervisors’ concerns does maintain, ISO standards in were not considered to outweigh the areas covered by harmonised HUNTINGDON accepted grouting practice of the euronorms (hENs), and these can GROUTING INSIGHT period as had been adopted by the be used for trade outside the EU/ contractor’s designers. EEA wherever the ISO would be I am writing to correct an erroneous The lesson that I take away from acceptable. impression given by the Huntingdon the Huntingdon experience is that On the basis of my first point, Bridge article (NCE, May 2020). contractor’s design alternatives, post-Brexit BSI is free to publish In that article there is a reference should be aggressively assessed national standards that do conflict The Editor, to water ingress and damage to before being accepted by clients, with ENs, for use in the UK and New Civil reinforcement and a statement that even if the short term cost savings elsewhere outside the EU/EEA. Engineer, “it’s a common problem for 1970s may be very attractive at the time. However, in doing so it may cause Telephone post-tensioned bridges, that they It is clear to me that designs less confusion in the marketplace House, didn’t grout up the post tensioning”. carried out under intense if, wherever practicable, BSI added 69-77 Paul As an engineer operating in programme pressures may often normative national annexes to ENs the 1970s, I am surprised at the involve significant compromises Street, London, (the European Commission may suggestion that post-tensioning was which may not ultimately be in the EC2A 4NQ have banned these annexes from not grouted up during that era and client’s best long term interests. hENs, but it has no control on BSI Email: nceedit@ I can attest to the fact that the post- Tony Collings (M), post-Brexit). emap.com tensioning ducts of the Huntingdon [email protected]

JUNE 2020 | NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 19 MAIN POINT TODDBROOK REPORTYOUR VIEWS AND RAISES OPINIONS MORE ISSUES

David Balmforth’s report on the Toddbrook Spillway failure As an erstwhile supervising engineer under the Reservoir Acts, (NCE, May 2020) confirms the indications of the early reports I hope that the Toddbrook failure will act as a strong pressure and pictures, that the spillway was formed of jointed slabs to correct the situation where owners of dams can ignore the overlying the erodible downstream face of the dam. advice of inspecting and supervising engineers with regard to The basic question is how did such a design come about, maintenance and remedial works which are necessary. disregarding the fundamentals of engineering Although the official report on the incident hydraulic structures? suggests every confidence in inspecting Any misalignment of adjacent slabs engineers, I wonder whether their position through imperfect construction or in bringing about necessary works subsequent settlement creates a step is sufficiently powerful. I believe which is vulnerable under high- the dam owner can appoint any speed flows down the spillway. competent inspecting engineer and An upward step forces water therefore the inspecting engineer through the joint and below the is dependent on the owner for his slab, creating a lift force and position. In these circumstances eroding the sub-layer. there must be a tendency to not A downward step creates a wish to upset the owner and lose negative pressure which may a remunerative appointment by leach out sub-layer material being too aggressive about what through the joint and destabilise needs to be done. the slab. The list of failings in Once one slab goes, the maintenance at Toddbrook is sub-layer erodes and the whole appalling and gives the impression spillway (and dam) is at risk. This that the owner either did not appears to be what happened at appreciate the importance of such Toddbrook. works or was cavalier in lack of response This event raises the wider questions: to them. are there any more earth dam spillways like Perhaps inspecting engineers should be this? Have they ever come into operation and appointed rather than chosen by dam owners and with what results? Should they all be condemned and supervising engineers should be made responsible to the replaced? inspecting engineer rather than the owner. Mike Thorn (M), [email protected] Basil Tinkler (M), [email protected]

HIGH SPEED 2 forecasts are flawed and everything these are now wildly optimistic. is being done to justify the project, HS2 should now, at the very least, CALL TO PUT HIGH which had the usual scrutiny of be put on hold. SPEED 2 ON HOLD UNTIL business case and design been If after Covid-19, capacity is found COVID-19 HAS GONE applied in the beginning, its flawed to be required on the rail routes foundation would have killed it off to the Midlands and the North, long ago. then using the old Great Central It was with disbelief that I read Members are running out route, modernising the Midland that the government has given of time to change their ways – mainline and electrification of the Notice to Proceed for High Speed 2 climate change is here, economic line Southampton to Birmingham (HS2). Much worse is the inevitable catastrophe is here – thanks will be a much more practical way of supportive comment from ICE to Covid-19 – and yet some are ensuring that the whole country has Members employed in the big rejoicing in unnecessarily adding to the best chance of survival. construction firms. the debt which our grandchildren It is no longer a case of harnessing History is repeating itself, just like and their children will be paying for “the great sources of the powers of High Speed 1. Political projects are throughout their lives? nature” for the benefit of mankind, but taking precedence over common Even if one believes the present of ensuring the survival of mankind. sense. Billions being spent on revised forecasts for traffic, costs Peter Stebbings (M), a project for which the traffic and returns, one thing is certain [email protected]

20 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER | JUNE 2020 Future of Airports

Climate change and the coronavirus pandemic have thrust airport expansion plans under the microscope as engineers reassess the role of air travel and look at ways airports could be reconfi gured in a post-Covid world

HOW COVID AND CLIMATE CHANGE WILL AFFECT AIRPORTS / PAGE 22 SINGAPORE’S CHANGI AIRPORT STARTS TO EXPAND / PAGE 26 HEATHROW’S COMPETING EXPANSION PLANS / PAGE 30

JUNE 2020 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 21 CHANGE IS IN THE AIR The impact of the coronavirus pandemic has made the aviation sector’s efforts to develop its assets, while driving sustainability and innovation, more complex. 70% Decrease in global scheduled Catherine Kennedy reports. flights as of 4 May compared to the same period last year

Future POST-COVID AVIATION KEY FACTS It is possible that the pandemic could of Airports accelerate change – for example, a 26.6M move to more point to point fl ights 2.2M where long distance passengers go Number of airline seats available globally per week as efore the Covid-19 Number of direct to a destination rather than pandemic, discussions passing through a hub as they have of 4 May, compared to 109M about airports ranged flights into done up until now. in the same period last year from environmental and out of the Butters explains: “A lot of airlines concerns to strategic now are using this as an opportunity planning considerations UK in 2018 to park ineffi cient planes, to re-look and the challenges of ownership. at their networks and say: ‘maybe we their assets instead. BThese are issues which will 292M don’t need to be tied to a traditional “One thing that worries me is surface again post-pandemic – hub. We can fl y more where that the recession which is likely to but what that will look like and Number of passengers want to fl y to directly’. follow the lockdown may lead to a whether the impact of the virus will passengers This means cheaper fl ights and less slowdown in necessary investments accelerate change in these areas infrastructure to maintain.” in greener technology,” he says. remains to be seen. handled by But Martin Moe a senior architect “This goes for the building-related “Pre-Covid issues are going to be UK airports at Norwegian architecture fi rm Nordic part of the industry but more ones that need urgent resolution as in 2018 – Offi ce of Architecture believes importantly in what sort of aircraft part of the resumption of normal the pandemic could lead to less we will have in the near future. If service,” says architect Pascall & investment in new infrastructure and we don’t solve that issue, the entire Watson director Matthew Butters. technologies, with airports squeezing industry will come under stronger In this pause, an opportunity exists political pressure.” for the industry to consider how it There is also a concern that those will come back better commercially airlines that are currently surviving and environmentally. are mainly government-sponsored, Once airports get back to around so recovery will take longer for a 20% base level of business – the Pre-Covid issues more commercial forms of travel or critical mass to get operations back airports in locations on the fringes of in place – Butters suggests that their are going to be economic viability. operators might then be able to start “There’s a strong argument addressing these challenges. ones that need urgent for saying a traditional hub like “There’s a blank sheet of paper to [Amsterdam] Schiphol or [Paris] allow the industry to draw out a way resolution as part of Charles de Gaulle will survive because of working that might actually give a the resumption of that’s where the population density is bit of a shift in the mindset of how we and it’s where the government centres operate,” he adds. “ are,” says Butters. normal service

22 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER JUNE 2020 HS4Air: Proposed train services using new High Speed Railway High speed international passenger service There are a High speed domestic passenger service Scotland Manchester Leeds Piccadilly High speed inter-airport transfer lot of people International rail freight service Connecting domestic passenger service who would argue for Crewe Liverpool International stations with high speed services Birmingham Interchange Stations served by high speed services London (Airport) Stations with connecting rail services electric aviation as a Airport Old OakEuston CommonSt Pancras Birmingham Curzon Street International counterpoint to rail Canterbury Oxford Heathrow Gatwick Ebbsfleet Reading Airport Airport “

Swindon Amsterdam option than flying. Once HS2 is Ashford English Channel Cardi CentralBristol Parkway complete, Lenczner argues there International Lille Brussels should be no need for London to Basingstoke Benelux, Germany Manchester flights. Southampton Brighton France Paris Other European airports such as Frankfurt in Germany and Amsterdam Schiphol also have integrated high speed railway stations, providing direct, cross country rail services. “Evidence shows that once you can get journey times end to end to two to three hours or less then the market IMAGE: WESTON WILLIAMSON & PARTNERS, EXPEDITION share which uses rail over plane increases,” says Lenczner. But according to Butters the difficulties of building railways are often underestimated. “You only have to look at Crossrail and HS2 to begin to understand the cost and the challenges,” he says. “It’s so much easier to build airports but they have to be good airports. It depends on your view about the degree to which aviation can continue to improve its environmental performance. From a regional connectivity point of view, there are a lot of people who would argue for electric aviation as a counterpoint to rail.” JOINED-UP THINKING HS4: Greater “But you need to find a way for the And, of course, this all comes Expedition Engineering director effort to link owners of those airports to come with the caveat that no one quite Alistair Lenczner sees investing in high speed rail together for a bigger purpose.” knows what aviation demand will be, these larger airports as an approach with airports As such, Lenczner emphasises post-Covid. Attitudes towards leisure for the future. Aircraft serving fewer, will be needed the importance of joined-up thinking travel may shift – but Lenczner says stronger, international airports will after the throughout the transportation sector, the pandemic reinforces the proposal be larger and carry more people, coronavirus viewing aviation, high speed rail and to rationalise airports and link them so carbon emissions per passenger crisis ends regional rail as “a complete system”. using high speed rail. could decrease. Expedition Engineering’s HS4 “It’s a chance for us to take a real According to Lenczner, a strong Air proposal suggests connecting step back to find out what we really international airport at Manchester Heathrow and Gatwick to HS2 and need moving forward,” he says. for example – well-connected by train HS1, providing access to airports “If demand goes down for a few when High Speed 2 (HS2) is complete from most metropolitan areas across years, then obviously that makes the – would allow Leeds-Bradford and England, Wales and potentially case even stronger for having fewer Liverpool airports to either close or Scotland. airports and stronger airports which be used for private or freight flights. It suggests that providing these rail are best placed to serve the country Meanwhile, where Cardiff, Bristol and links to ensure 90% of the population and its regions.” Exeter currently compete in the South is within 90 minutes of an airport Moe adds that airports that attract West, one airport would be needed would allow the UK to reduce its investments in high speed rail links to serve the south Wales/south west airports to five or six international or other means of ground transport England region. ones from more than 40 commercial will be in a much better position after “That airport will be able to airports, since flight slots currently the crisis. deliver flights to a wider range of allocated to domestic flights could be But much of this is dictated – and destinations and on a more frequent freed up for international use. obstructed – by ownership, with most basis than any of the individual In France, for example, the journey UK airports privately owned. When airports and therefore becomes a from Paris to Lyon takes two hours it comes to high speed and regional stronger airport,” Lenczner explains. by train and is now a more popular rail connections it is necessary to

JUNE 2020 | NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 23 Future of Airports Overview

There will be a change in the extent to which people will want to maintain “physical separation look 30 years ahead, but most private investors often want a return within a decade. “That means that the investment decisions tend to be based on shorter term,” Lenczner says. “It’s not in the best interests of the nation, which is why I think regional governments should have a major influence in how regional airports are planned and developed.”

EXPANSIONS As well as the business side, there are other challenges to airport expansion. Pascall & Watson places an emphasis on passengers’ quality of journey – a focus that is also likely to increase post-Covid, especially from a health perspective. “I think there will be a change in the extent to which people will want to maintain physical separation, and we’re going to have to try and understand that and facilitate that Need for in the main roof with a timber There will be a and make it really safe,” says Butters. ongoing social construction counted for a carbon Through static and dynamic distancing footprint reduction equivalent to change in the passenger modelling, the firm looks will call for a some 35 round trips from London to at the efficiency of the spaces that re-think China with a widebody aircraft,” Moe extent to which people already exist to see if they can of airport explains. be optimised – but sometimes terminals “This is pretty discouraging when will want to maintain the geometry of buildings is you realise the entire airport complex fundamentally wrong. Small airports will have five runways, each with 30 physical separation may have started using a third to 40 aircraft movements per hour.” “ of their interfaces, with the rest But he acknowledges the fact that developed over time, but not in the large terminal buildings are test that the industry’s main challenges most efficient way. grounds for the building industry in recent years have centred on “You have to work quite hard with – citing Nordic’s recently opened sustainability and climate change. operators to understand the value terminal two at Oslo Airport as a “The key to solving the big picture, of the different bits of space that good example. when it comes to the environmental they have and look at how they can It is the first Breeam excellent-rated impact of the aviation industry, is reconfigure their buildings so they’re airport building in the world, with its the technology of the aircraft,” he making best use of that interface,” shape taking advantage of passive adds. “Airport planning and building explains Butters. solar energy and sunlight. It also uses solutions are subordinate to that.” And then there are the increasing low carbon technologies like district There is a myriad of competing environmental challenges. heating and natural thermal energy. issues and even more numerous “In the recent competition we did According to Moe, the recent court options as solutions open to for Terminal 3 in Guangzhou, China ruling against the government’s the airports industry but what we discovered that our strategy aviation strategy which includes the combination is the right way forward of replacing all the steel members third runway at Heathrow highlights remains to be seen. N

24 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER | JUNE 2020 Coastal Defence Units Ramps and Slipways ECOncrete Ecological Concrete Cill and Ballast Units Deck Slabs Railway Platforms Asset BEBO Arches Retaining Wall Solutions Box Culverts Attenuation Tanks Portal Frames Ducts and Trenches

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Singapore Strait N 10km 1km 3 1 2 IN DEPTH A A Space to expand Singapore’s Changi B Airport is being developed at pace and had B reached the halfway stage before Covid-19 4 forced work to halt. Claire Smith reports.

here is a sweet spot for airport locations that is the Last year the same the world over but it is not one that is easy airport handled to find, especially when it 66M passengers, 1 PENETRATION 2 COMPACTION 3 BACKFILLING 4 FINISHING comes to expansion. They must be close enough to the urban area At full water pressure the oscillating vibrator penetrates to the design The compaction is carried out in steps from Around the vibrator a crater develops After completion of the and current work will depth and is surged up and down as necessary to agitate the sand, the maximum depth of penetration upwards, which is backfilled with sand, which is compaction, the surface is they serve for connections to be swift T remove fines and form an annular gap around the vibrator. At full it encompasses a cylindrical soil body of up to either imported (A) or taken from the relevelled and, if required, and seamless, but far enough away that create room to increase depth the water flow is reduced or stopped. 5m diameter. The increase in density is existing soil (B). For this purpose a compacted with a surface there is enough room for the necessary “ indicated by an increased power consumption volume of up to 15% of the treated vibratory roller. sprawl of airfield, terminals and other capacity to 135M of the vibrator. soil volume is required. infrastructure. Singapore’s Changi Airport has a solution to the challenges relating to space – reclaim more land. Ground improvement work to do just that had passengers per year by building a fifth and existing structures. reached the halfway stage in early terminal which is due to open in 2025. Ground improvement work so far April when a government mandated To make way for this, major ground KEY FACT has been split into two contracts and lockdown to reduce the spread of the improvement work is being carried there is more to come next year. The

Covid-19 pandemic brought work on out to the east of the existing airport 2 first contract was completed in 2018 site to standstill. boundary. The land that is the current 4.2M.m and contract two is now underway after The pandemic has triggered a focus of geotechnical activity was Area of work started in June 2019. Completion slowdown in global flights, which reclaimed between 1990 and 1996 in reclaimed was scheduled for December but the some believe may permanently anticipation of future airport expansion. It current shutdown on site as a result of alter travel patterns, but Changi remained largely unconsolidated until the land to be the coronavirus restrictions might delay anticipates reclaiming its position as current phase of work started in 2018. consolidated that slightly as there is still another an international transit hub when the Much of the sand imported for eight months of work to do on site. threat of the virus does recede. the reclamation is undergoing vibro For contract one, 20M.m3 of ground Last year the airport handled 66M compaction with deep soil mixing was treated and the first three of the passengers, and current work will create (DSM) being used to improve ground five phases into which contract two is room to increase capacity to 135M conditions close to the site boundary split will result in around a further 30M.m3

26 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER | JUNE 2020 Loyang N After PVD MALAYSIA CHANGI installation, Sembawang AIRPORT Tampines the ground is usually

CHANGI surcharged with up AIRPORT SINGAPORE Tampines “to 8m of material for CHANGI AIRPORT PROJECT SITE three to nine months

Singapore Strait N 10km 1km the ground vibrations induced by 3 vibro compaction. 1 The DSM is being undertaken to between 25m and 30m to create 1.2m diameter columns where the 2 ground improvement is needed. A A 15m exclusion zone has been put A in place around existing structures B and infrastructure. Keller is treating the ground at B Changi to depths of up to 20m, but the technique can be used to depths of up to 60m. 4 The sand for the reclamation came from Malaysia and Indonesia and has a natural relative density of 40% to 50%. Cone penetration tests (CPTs) for the natural material gave CPT resistance (Qc) values of just 4 to 6MPa, showing how loose it is. “There are two ways that vibro 1 PENETRATION 2 COMPACTION 3 BACKFILLING 4 FINISHING compaction is normally specified in Singapore – it is either by settlement At full water pressure the oscillating vibrator penetrates to the design The compaction is carried out in steps from Around the vibrator a crater develops After completion of the or the Qc value of the treated ground,” depth and is surged up and down as necessary to agitate the sand, the maximum depth of penetration upwards, which is backfilled with sand, which is compaction, the surface is explains Keller Asean business remove fines and form an annular gap around the vibrator. At full it encompasses a cylindrical soil body of up to either imported (A) or taken from the relevelled and, if required, development director Kam Weng Leong. depth the water flow is reduced or stopped. 5m diameter. The increase in density is existing soil (B). For this purpose a compacted with a surface For the Changi development, the indicated by an increased power consumption volume of up to 15% of the treated vibratory roller. specification is by the latter and has of the vibrator. soil volume is required. resulted in a high specification which is graded by depth with 9MPa specified at 2m depth, 13MPa at 2m to 7m, 17MPa at 7m to 9m and 19MPa below 9m. of ground treated over 4.2M.m2. combination of techniques depending The high specification is to deal with The main contractor for the current on the location and the exact ground dynamic loading that will be placed on phases of work is KTC, which is conditions. the ground by moving aircraft. undertaking the earthworks. But First, the Marine Clay is consolidated Keller has two sizes of vibrator on the ground improvement work is using prefabricated vertical drains site to ensure the work meets this being delivered by a number of (PVDs) installed by Cofra to depths of specification. The S700 vibrator is the subcontractors including Keller, Korea- up to 40m. largest size Keller owns and imparts based Dong Ah and Dutch firm Cofra. After PVD installation, the ground a centrifugal force of 70t. This is Design work has been undertaken by is usually surcharged with up to 8m of supplemented by the S300 vibrator that consultant Surbana Jurong. material for three to nine months before delivers 30t of centrifugal force. “The area has around 6m to 25m of being treated with a combination of “Essentially the vibro compaction sand overlying 10m to 20m of Marine vibro compaction undertaken by Keller technique works through a combination Clay,” says Keller Singapore operations or DSM by Dong Ah. of high pressure water jets and the manager Ashok Balguri. “This is The deep soil mixing takes place vibration inducing sand collapse,” underlain by Old Alluvium.” where the ground is close to structures says Leong. The ground is being treated using a or roads that could be sensitive to “At full water pressure from the

JUNE 2020 | NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 27 Future of Airports Changi, Singapore

It is the sheer size of the site and volume of ground to be treated that is the “challenge here

bottom jet, the oscillating vibrator penetrates to the design depth and is surged up and down as necessary to agitate the sand, remove fines and form an annular gap around the vibrator. At full depth the water flow is reduced or stopped. “The compaction is carried out in steps from the maximum depth of penetration upwards. It encompasses a cylindrical soil body and the increase in density is indicated by the vibrator’s increased power consumption. “Around the vibrator a crater develops which is backfilled with additional sand. Up to 10% of the treated soil volume is needed for backfilling.” Water for the work is being extracted by Keller from within the sand itself. The work calls for around 20,000 litres of water per day. hour shifts. It takes around 20 minutes Further phases sites before work halted,” says Leong. “The technique is similar to to create a 12m column. of work will Balguri said that the experience on vibro stone columns, but that No curing time is needed between be needed the first contract at the site helped technique helps to transfer loads to columns with the rig moving swiftly to complete with productivity in getting the work a more competent layer at depth, onto each adjacent location which is the ground underway, altough the techniques being whereas vibro compaction creates a surveyed into position and marked with improvement used have not changed. zone of densification,” says Leong. a flag. “It is the sheer size of the site and The vibro compaction is being Work quality is tracked by volume of ground to be treated that is undertaken to a grid pattern that varies undertaking CPTs before and after vibro the challenge here,” he says. from location to location from a 2.5m compaction. At the moment, Leong estimates spacing between centres up to 4.8m. According to Balguri, the results so that the work on site had reached the The compaction areas have been far have shown that the compaction has midway point when the government broken down into 90m by 90m squares exceeded the specification. tightened social distancing restrictions to allow the work to be planned and During the first contract, Keller had and forced work to stop. Leong added sequenced more easily. 18 rigs operating on the Changi site that the remaining work is expected to The rigs used are electrically at the peak of work and the current take around eight months. powered and the rig operator carefully phase – contract 2 – of the project had In total, Keller will undertake 400,000 monitors the electrical current used matched that until work on site was vibro compaction points in this current by the rig to understand the rate of suspended. According to the Keller contract and Leong and his team was compaction as the vibrator is pulled team, contract two could break that hoping to be able to get back on site to towards ground level. record when work on site restarts in complete the second half of this work as More sand is added to the column as order to get as close to the original this issue of NCE went to press. the vibrator is pulled up to compensate schedule as possible. While the scale of the work may seem for densification of the existing sand Work on site started with a fleet of 15 huge, it is not the end of the project. and ensure ground level is maintained. vibrators operating but Keller always According to Leong, there will be As the site is located away from planned to bring more to the project as another phase of ground improvement residential development, Keller is able the work ramped up. covering a similar tranche of land next to operate 24 hours a day with two 12 “We were operating six construction year. N

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Visit newcivilengineer.com today HEATHROW’S THIRD RUNWAY HAL’s PROPOSAL

M25 A4 to be diverted north of Harmondsworth and East of Sipson

Northern HEATHROW parkway M4 M4

M25 will pass below the new runway THIRD RUNWAY (lowered between 4 and 4.5m) Harmondsworth Sipson

SHOWDOWN Divert local rivers North Runway

ENLARGED HEATHROW TERMINAL 2 CAMPUS J14a A3044 moved Heathrow Airport Ltd and Heathrow West west of M25 Terminal 5 Existing Terminal 2 and 3 to be expanded J14 will go toe-to-toe in their quest to build M25 widened with upgrades to South Runway Heathrow’s third runway. But first, both must Junction 14/14a M25 Terminal 4 overcome legal hurdles blocking the airport’s Southern parkway expansion. Rob Horgan reports.

the policy statement is unlawful as Future it breaks net zero carbon emission of Airports KEY FACTS laws implemented by prime minister Theresa May’s government before last HEATHROW WEST’S PROPOSAL year’s General Election. 142M he battle over Heathrow The coronavirus lockdown has only M25 A4 to remain broadly on existing alignment, with minor road Airport’s third runway Heathrow’s strengthened opponents’ arguments introduced to link A3044 to nearby Saxon Way Trading Estate is as protracted as it against expansion. The estimated Car parking retained on brownfield land is political. Proposals annual fall in global carbon emissions is for expanding the West passenger estimated to have been between 5% M4 London hub have been capacity under and 25% since most of the world’s M4 repeatedly knocked back since the flights were grounded, drawing THIRD RUNWAY Tearly noughties. But in 2018 when Heathrow attention to the amount of pollution Harmondsworth the then transport secretary Chris generated by airports like Heathrow. Airport Ltd’s Sipson Grayling convinced his fellow MPs to Airport operator Heathrow Airport vote in favour of expansion, it looked plan Ltd (HAL) says it will challenge the A4 retained like the third runway proposal could ruling in the Supreme Court, but for finally get off the ground. 130M the time being its plans are in limbo. Since then a string of legal And if that was not enough, there disputes, political flip-flopping – led Heathrow’s is also a battle about how to best by our current prime minister – and annual carry out the expansion programme. environmental challenges have For the first time ever, the Planning Improved M25 solution continually threatened to ground the passenger Inspectorate is considering two Existing Terminal 2 and 3 proposal once and for all. capacity under The latest hurdle to overcome Heathrow is perhaps the greatest of them all. In February, Lord Justice Lindblom West The coronavirus PlanPlan is focused on redevelopment ruled that the government’s Airports expansion Terminal 4 in one location, adding new capacity National Policy Statement – which between Terminal 5 and the M25 backed the third runway – failed to plan lockdown has consider Britain’s commitment to cut only strengthened Reduced southern parkway carbon emissions under the 2016 Paris M25 Agreement. Consequently, the Court opponents’ arguments of Appeal ruled that the third runway proposal cannot proceed because against expansion

30 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER | JUNE 2020 “ separate submissions for permission We have HEATHROW’S THIRD RUNWAY to carry out the same job. In one corner there is HAL – the airport operator, with an annual an efficient HAL’s PROPOSAL revenue of nearly £4bn and a track design in one location record of having overseen expansion M25 of the airport including the £4.2bn compared to HAL’s A4 to be diverted north of Harmondsworth and East of Sipson delivery of Terminal 5 in 2008.

Northern In the other corner is Heathrow proposal which is parkway West, a subsidiary of the Arora Group, M4 which owns £1.6bn in assets and which “ spread out over three M4 turns over around £300M a year. M25 will pass below the new runway THIRD RUNWAY But before the two contestants locations Harmondsworth (lowered between 4 and 4.5m) can go toe-to-toe, they are united Sipson in their aim to overturn the Court of Appeal decision to block Meanwhile, HAL’s planned southern expansion. Both have appealed to car park would provide up to 22,000 the Supreme Court, and both are car parking spaces, be served by an Divert local rivers confident that the decision will upgraded road connection to Junction North Runway once again be overturned. However, 14a of the M25 and be directly ENLARGED HEATHROW TERMINAL 2 CAMPUS final development consent order connected to the Terminal 5 campus J14a applications from both parties have by a light rail shuttle system. A3044 moved west of M25 been suspended and look unlikely In addition to the third runway, to be submitted later this year as the masterplan highlights HAL’s plan Terminal 5 Existing Terminal 2 and 3 originally planned. to develop an enlarged Heathrow to be expanded J14 Although united on overturning Terminal 2 Campus, to replace M25 widened with upgrades to South Runway the court’s decision, the two parties Terminals 1 and 3. Terminal 5 will also Junction 14/14a are divided about how to expand be expanded, with additional capacity M25 Terminal 4 the airport. HAL’s proposal includes to the west forming what is dubbed Southern parkway detailed plans to lower the M25 by the T5X building. between 4m and 5m, taking it beneath HAL claims it has prepared its the proposed third runway. It also masterplan to accommodate up to wants to divert rivers and enhance 756,000 flights and 142M passengers surface access infrastructure. per annum with annual cargo handling In its new alignment, the M25 will capacity of approximately 3M.t. pass below the new runway and But Heathrow West backer, Arora HEATHROW WEST’S PROPOSAL taxiways. The HAL masterplan also Group chairman and founder Surinder proposes that the M25 be widened Arora says he is unimpressed. M25 A4 to remain broadly on existing alignment, with minor road with upgrades to junctions 14 and “We are not impressed with HAL’s introduced to link A3044 to nearby Saxon Way Trading Estate 14a to accommodate future traffic plan. We fail to see how they can stay Car parking retained on brownfield land requirements. within their £14bn budget or deliver In addition, HAL has put forward it on time. It is too elaborate, almost M4 plans for the A4 along the north side like they want to build an entire city M4 of the airport to be moved further at the airport rather than focus on the THIRD RUNWAY north, to avoid the new runway. And passenger,” he says. Harmondsworth the A3044 east of the M25 would be “We will do it for less money, moved to the west of the motorway. quicker, and, for the first time ever, Sipson The masterplan also sets out we will set a benchmark for HAL to be A4 retained HAL’s intention to divert local rivers measured against.” around the new western boundary of Heathrow West claims it can the expanded airport. This includes increase capacity to 130M passengers creating a river corridor that passes per year for £14.4bn, with less beneath the new runway. disruption to the airport and the local To improve surface access, two community. Heathrow West will focus Improved M25 solution car parks have been proposed to on adding new terminal capacity Existing Terminal 2 and 3 the north and south of the airport to west of the airport between Terminal accommodate much of the airport’s 5 and the M25, avoiding the need to future parking capacity. It is planned redevelop existing terminals. The that both parkways be constructed plans assume that HAL will build the and brought into operation in a third runway. PlanPlan is focused on redevelopment Terminal 4 phased manner as the airport is During his appearance on NCE’s in one location, adding new capacity between Terminal 5 and the M25 expanded over time. The Engineers Collective podcast in The proposed northern car park March, Heathrow West chief executive would be capable of accommodating Carlton Brown explained that “the Reduced southern parkway M25 up to 24,000 cars, have access from fundamental difference” between the M4 and be connected directly to Heathrow West and HAL’s plans the airport’s central terminal area by a centres around terminal expansion. shuttle system. “We are focused around the

JUNE 2020 | NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 31 Future of Airports Heathrow Expansion

HAL will be fined if its expansion costs rise above what has “been agreed

terminal, HAL is doing the runway, terminal and supporting infrastructure. Our plans focus purely on the terminal side,” Brown explained. “Whereas HAL has gone for an option of expanding the terminals in three areas, we have gone for a much more focused design, working with the airlines, and we’ve centred our terminal expansion in the west, adjacent to Terminal 5. “By having a really efficient design and having all the extra passengers in one location, you can create a central hub which is great for the passengers arriving, as you have less transfers. “In a nutshell, we have an efficient design in one location compared to Computer and leading to increased costs to both cost savings and the other prioritises HAL’s proposal which is spread out generated image airlines and consumers”. services, such as surface access over three locations.” of Heathrow In a boost for Heathrow West, NCE and retail units, and would require Under Heathrow West’s plans all Airport Ltd revealed in December that airports additional investment. The first plan the current infrastructure used for expansion regulator the Civil Aviation Authority would allow Heathrow’s third runway Terminal 5 would also be reused proposal looking (CAA) had hired an independent to open in 2028. The second would for its proposed Terminal 6 which east assessor to determine whether bring the runway into service in 2029. it claims would provide sufficient Heathrow’s terminals could be HAL claims the first delivery capacity to cater for a third runway. operated by different companies. schedule can still be completed within HAL’s plans require development The regulator has already tightened the original £14bn budget announced to the north of the airport site and in the screw on HAL’s proposal. The CAA in 2014. the centre. But Heathrow West claims revealed last December that HAL will The second, more expensive, that the northern site is “simply not be fined if its expansion costs rise schedule involves spending an needed” and the central terminal above what has been agreed. additional £3bn over the first 15 expansion is “very costly”. This comes after it emerged that years including investing £750M each Brown adds that by building pre-construction costs in relation to in western and southern rail links new terminal capacity in just one HAL’s planning application rose to and an additional £500M every five location, Heathrow West’s plans are £2.9bn in July last year. years on passenger service, such more aligned with the government’s HAL has also announced that as upgraded passenger lounges and environmental requirements, as they it has pushed back the scheduled faster delivery of digital services such will have a shorter construction completion of the third runway from as 5G upgrades. period and a smaller carbon footprint. 2026 to “early 2028 or late 2029”, Under this proposal a western rail Heathrow West’s parent company after the CAA ruled that Heathrow’s link would be completed in the mid- Arora has previously raised concerns timeline should be adjusted to allow 2020s before the third runway opens, about HAL’s “monopoly position in for the Planning Inspectorate to rule with a southern link scheduled for relation to the provision of airport on its development consent order completion in the mid-2030s. operation services and related application. To date, Heathrow West’s plans services at Heathrow Airport” and HAL also submitted two possible have come under little scrutiny from about the “undesirability of Heathrow delivery schedules to the CAA to the CAA, however NCE understands expansion exacerbating the anti- demonstrate that it was willing to that will change in the coming competitive effects of that monopoly work on its costs. One focuses on months. N

32 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER | JUNE 2020 Innovative Thinking NEW DESIGN CONCEPTS, INVENTIVE CONSTRUCTION METHODS AND FRESH IDEAS

E cient use of energy, earthmoving equipment and resources are examined this month, as London Underground shares heat from the Tube with Islington residents; High Speed 2 gears up and app manufacturers aid remote working

HARNESSING HEAT FROM THE TUBE / PAGE 34 HIGH SPEED 2’S MEGA-MUCKSHIFT / PAGE 36 APP WORK AROUNDS FOR CORONAVIRUS RESTRICTIONS / PAGE 40

JUNE 2020 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 33 Innovative Thinking Bunhill 2

WASTE HEAT RECOVERY - VENTILATION SHAFT HEAT PUMP OPERATION WINTER SUMMER BUNHILL PHASE 2 Coil Coil

Heat source Heat Heat Existing heat 80˚C pump 80˚C pump network BUNHILL 2 ENERGY CENTRE Phase 2 heat Heat LUL Heat Cool network extension network network supply WASTE NOT N vent air connection connection O Connected @ 18- vent air RT buildings HE 28˚C RN L Potential IN E connections

CITY ROAD Reversible Reversible ventilation fan ventilation fan

WANT NOT Boiler craned into position Preparing foundations at top of vent shaft

It is estimated that London’s wasted heat could meet 38% of the city’s heating demand, so a new project Bunhill 2 Energy Centre harnessing London Underground’s waste heat could Northern Line Old Street be a game changer. Nadine Buddoo reports. OLD STREET

estled between Underground station, between Old BUNHILL 1 ENERGY CENTRE towering high-rise Street and Angel. Formerly City Road blocks, a new energy KEY Station, the site has been converted to centre in the London FACTS house a new heat pump system. Borough of Islington While Ramboll was not involved heat and heat it to approximately 80°C. is a shining example 18°C to 28°C with the preceding phase of work The client was keen to push for the of how energy from waste can to deliver Bunhill 1, the engineering most efficient and sustainable solution Ndecarbonise urban areas. Temperature consultant was appointed to undertake possible, so the heat pump design The £16.3M Bunhill 2 Energy Centre of air from the a feasibility study for Bunhill 2. temperature was lowered further to 70°C. enables the extraction of waste heat The study confirmed that waste Ramboll investigated the impact of from London Underground’s Northern Underground heat from the London Underground lower temperatures for the connected line to help power a district-wide ventilation shaft could be utilised by buildings’ heating and domestic hot heating network. 70°C heat pumps. Ramboll also found that water loads to ensure demand could Working closely with Colloide the system could capture the waste be met and the end user would be Engineering, consultant Ramboll led Temperature unaffected. the design and delivery of the project, of air delivered “Our feasibility study made it which is helping to provide heating and clear that the concept was viable,” to heating hot water for 1,350 homes, a school and Gas-fired says Ramboll’s department manager two leisure centres. system for UK district energy Paul Steen. Commissioned by Islington Council, CHP is the “Following the study, we continued the scheme is an extension of the our involvement to support Islington existing Bunhill 1 network, which common source of Council to take the project through the was launched in 2012 and which is procurement and design process. We powered by a combined heat and heat for district energy then acted as the owner’s engineer to power (CHP) engine. Gas-fired CHP is take the project through construction the common source of heat for district schemes, making and now into commissioning the system.” energy schemes, making Bunhill 2’s use “Bunhill 2’s use of of waste heat resources particularly HOW DOES IT WORK? distinctive. waste heat resources The system uses a 2m diameter fan The new energy centre is located installed in an existing six-storey, on the site of a disused London particularly distinctive mid-tunnel ventilation shaft. The

34 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER | JUNE 2020 WASTE HEAT RECOVERY - VENTILATION SHAFT HEAT PUMP OPERATION The project WINTER SUMMER shows there are BUNHILL PHASE 2 Coil Coil these waste resources Heat source Heat Heat Existing heat 80˚C pump 80˚C pump that we should network BUNHILL 2 ENERGY CENTRE Phase 2 heat Heat Heat Cool absolutely be tapping network extension LUL network vent air network supply N Connected connection connection vent air OR @ 18- “into and that work T buildings HE 28˚C RN L Potential IN E connections cities and local authorities approach energy schemes. CITY ROAD Reversible Reversible ventilation fan ventilation fan SUSTAINABLE SOLUTION While Northern line passengers enjoy Boiler craned into position Preparing foundations at top of vent shaft cooler tunnels, local residents benefit from more efficient, sustainable energy and the wider London community benefits from reduced carbon emissions and improved air quality as gas combustion from traditional gas powered Bunhill 2 Energy Centre district heating systems is displaced. Northern Line The Bunhill Heat and Power district Old Street heating network is helping to reduce

CO2 emissions by around 500t each year. Heating bills for council tenants OLD STREET connected to the network are expected BUNHILL 1 ENERGY CENTRE to be cut by 10% compared to other district heating systems. The project aligns with Islington Council’s target to hit zero carbon Underground network generates 18°C most expensive. by 2030. to 28°C air, which is extracted through But as well as delivering additional “The project shows there are these the Northern line ventilation system by heating capacity, the Bunhill 2 system waste resources that we should the fan. provides an innovative cooling absolutely be tapping into and that The heat pump captures heat from solution. The fan in the ventilation shaft work,” says Rowena Champion, the warm exhaust air, via a closed has the potential to be reversed to help Islington Council’s executive member loop water circuit in the ventilation cool the London Underground network for environment and transport. “The shaft. This is used to heat ammonia during the summer, Steen explains. scheme is helping us tackle fuel – the refrigerant gas used in the heat “Like a number of London poverty, but is also making Islington a pump – which is then pushed through Underground (LU) ventilation shafts, cleaner and greener place.” a compressor, converting it into a hot it incorporates a bi-directional fan so Steen agrees that the success of liquid that heats the pipes surrounding it. they can change the direction of air Bunhill 2 could provide a blueprint for These hot pipes are used to heat flow either into the tunnel or reject air future energy schemes. water that runs through a new 1.5km from the tunnel,” he says. “It has been “The principle used for this project network of insulated underground agreed with LU that in the winter when is no different to many other places pipes. The water is then pumped to the ambient temperature of the air on the Tube network,” he says. “I nearby council housing estates. As outside is low, we will extract warm air also think there are some further the hot water is pumped through from the Underground. innovation opportunities for them the underground pipes, the heat is “In the summer, because ambient air [LU] to undertake.” Steen points to transferred to communal heating outside is typically going to be anything the potential for novel approaches to system loops located at local housing from 16°C to 30°C, the fan will reverse energy storage, which could allow heat estates using heat exchangers. and suck air from outside. This air is to be stored seasonally to increase the The Bunhill 2 heating system also cooled as it passes over the coil in system’s capacity and efficiency. incorporates two smaller gas-fired CHP the heat pump, then this cooler air is “There are some very clever things engines which provide heat and supply pushed into the tunnel.” that can be done. The potential for electricity to the heat pump when Steen believes the project could these systems is really interesting,” electricity from the power grid is represent a step-change in the way he adds. N

JUNE 2020 | NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 35 Innovative Thinking High Speed 2 DATA FOR DIGGING Delivering 30M.m3 of earthworks for High Speed 2’s central section efficiently and safely takes logistical and engineering challenges to a new level. Claire Smith looks at the technology being deployed.

otice to proceed with EKFB worked with Caterpillar High Speed 2 (HS2) and Finning to develop Digger was widely welcomed by the construction industry when it was issued in April and work is already getting underway. For Nthe contracting joint venture working on the central section, it was the green light to put developments into action which it believes will deliver an industry-wide step change in the use of digital technology. EKFB – formed by Eiffage Genie Civil, Kier Infrastructure, Ferrovial Agroman and Bam Nuttall – is delivering the £2.3bn central section which covers 80km of the route between the Chiltern Tunnels and Long Itchington Wood. Unlike the other sections that include major tunnelling work, the central contract is focused on earthworks – 30M.m3 to be precise – and this required a new approach. Realising the scale of the challenge at the tender stage, the team worked we had to look at this differently. with construction equipment “We needed to look at driving We needed manufacturer Caterpillar and its KEY FACT innovation and embracing digital UK distributor Finning to develop technology. We set our sights high to look at the Digital Graphical Earthworks 30M.m3 about leading in this space, not just Reporting system, known as Digger for the benefi t of the HS2 programme driving innovation for short. The simplicity of the name Volume of but also driving the industry forward.” belies the years of work that have earthworks on EKFB earthworks director Mark and embracing digital gone into creating the system and the HS2’s central Harrington says the scale of the benefi ts it is expected to deliver. project is unprecedented. technology “HS2 is the single biggest section “The amount of material we need “ infrastructure project in Europe and to excavate is huge,” he says. HS2 contract is spread over an presents some challenges which “At Hinkley Point C, which is a 80km stretch of a very narrow trace are the biggest in living memory,” massive excavation undertaken with plus all 30M.m3 is to be reused on says EKFB project director David mining type machines, the quantity site in embankments and screening Lowery. “From an infrastructure and excavated there was 5M.m3. mounds.” a construction industry perspective, “The excavation for the central The work must avoid transporting

36 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER JUNE 2020 28 October 2020 Grosvenor House Hotel, London

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We’re going to be data rich so getting the right data to the right people at “the righttime is key material on public roads, as well as recording what was excavated where and when in addition to the material type. Harrington says that at peak, work will require a fl eet of almost 800 machines – excavators, dozers and dump trucks. “For us to operate a fl eet of equipment of that size and to operate it effi ciently we need to know what it is doing, where it is doing it in real time,” he explains. “That is why we looked to fi nd Sohal adds that the challenge was Digger was identifying risks. a digital solution to map the work in bringing the different sources of put to the test The system had already been put against the plan.” data together. during a heave through its paces last year when the Digger draws together data “Working with Finning, there was trial last year joint venture undertook a trial site gathered from a variety of sources – a more than a year of working out at Boddington in Northamptonshire, such as drones and the construction what we were trying to model from where HS2 will run in a cutting. equipment itself – from across the the data,” he says. “Finning leveraged The ground conditions comprise site and integrates it to create tools a number of cloud-based solutions to shale – which is quite soft – overlain the project team can use in real time. do what we needed by but essentially by clay. There was a risk of ground Lowery says: “We’re going to be data we are using the Microsoft Azure heave due to scale of unloading as a rich so getting the right data to the platform to bring all of the data into result of the earthworks excavation right people at the right time is key.” the central Digger platform. and this can be hard to predict, so the EKFB head of IT Gurpreet Sohal The heart of the Digger platform reason for doing the trial cutting in says: “A large part of it is automating is a series of online dashboards and that location was to understand the the key performance indicator visual displays. risk in more detail. reporting. Keeping sight of a large “We can see the location of plant, A 13m deep cutting involving project like this without having an how effi ciently the plant is being 250,000m3 of excavation was created army of people to monitor progress operated and how effi cient ground and, as well as looking at the heave on the ground is diffi cult. compaction activities are, for risk, the trial allowed the team to put “The platform will leverage and example,” adds Sohal. Digger into action. harness the data to drive leadership According to Harrington, the type According to Harrington, it proved and cross site management.” of data that can be collected has that the system worked even though Developing the system was not evolved during the development it was not fully complete at that stage. straightforward, as Harrington says period. He points to driver fatigue “It was a valuable period,” he says. no complete off the shelf solution information as an example and says With notice to proceed secured, was available. that the team is looking at how to bulk earthworks on site will start later “Parts of the system existed,” integrate this into the system too. this year but this is more preparatory he says. “For example, machine “We are looking at the people as work and the main earthworks phase telematics to get information from well as the equipment and trying to is planned to start in spring 2021. The the equipment has been available for make the operation safer through the work is expected to be completed years but has not been collected and use of the technology,” he says. over three earthworks seasons used in real time. Sohal adds that it is also possible [spring and summer] to fi nish in 2024. “We engaged with a number of to use the system to minimise the risk Lowery says that despite the equipment manufacturers, but of interaction between people and unprecedented scale of the work, Caterpillar and Finning really plant. The aim is to improve safety productivity targets are key and he recognised what we were looking for by using proximity and geospatial believes that Digger positions the and picked it up and ran with it.” data to be more proactive about team well to deliver on that. N

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Podcast Advert 3 - 265x210.indd 1 19/03/2020 11:25 Innovative Thinking Digital Interactives

As the coronavirus pandemic rages on, Interactives enable people to walk through processes simply businesses are facing the challenge of engaging and communicating with stakeholders. Digital interactives can help, reports Max Thompson. SEE YOU IN CYBERSPACE

gainst a foreboding Aecom’s recently launched public SEEING IS BELIEVING background of consultation tool is a case in point Large engineering and infrastructure lockdowns and the KEY FACT says Haylor: “Why make people come projects will always be complex, and dawning realisation to your offices when you can broaden trying to explain or visualise how that other pandemics 400 your reach by making your most these projects and processes work could follow, the Number valuable and important assets available can be tricky. impetus to change the way engineers virtually and globally? Interactives help businesses to workA and communicate has never of times “When applied intelligently they can create models which enable audiences been greater. faster the save significant time and resources and to walk through processes simply, while And at the heart of that change is improve new business conversions, allowing them to drill into more detail if digital transformation and the use of human brain in a time when meeting face to face they need to. interactive experiences and tools. processes is impossible, they help businesses Visualising projects in this way Participants in a recent NCE webinar images to continue to have important makes it far easier for people to on technology and innovation, said conversations that would otherwise understand and remember complex that while there is a will to embrace the compared with not take place.” processes. “The human brain processes challenge of digital transformation, the written or visual information 400 times faster collective know-how about how to take than the spoken or written word,” the first step is lacking. spoken words says Haylor. “So, we’re more likely to Damjan Haylor, managing director of take that information in, and more Bristol-based communications agency Interactives importantly, to remember it.” Popcomms, believes that firms like his Tensar marketing and communications will play an increasingly essential role engage our manager Marianna Bryce agrees: “I in helping the sector take those first think interactives engage our senses steps. senses more, which can more, which can lead to better initial Having already built interactive tools understanding and increased retention for the likes of Jacobs, Wienerberger, lead to better initial of information.” GCPAT, Tensar, Roche, GSK and Arm, But Bryce warns that getting Haylor believes change is afoot, and understanding and engineers to embrace the technology if there is one good thing about the “increased retention of is a delicate business. “Engineers tend coronavirus it is the fact it is making to be risk adverse, especially when people think outside the box. information something seems too good to be true

40 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER | JUNE 2020 or salesy,” she says. “The interactive There really deck Popcomms built for Tensar was a way for us to showcase the many facets is no limit to of what our company offers without overwhelming them.” the level or breadth of Bryce adds: “The piece has also proven to be effective at smaller local personalisation that shows on tablets, as well as brown bag [informal lunchtime] presentations – can be built into an making it a truly versatile piece for our “interactive company and sales team.” Whether it is a virtual public consultation tool accessed remotely, or – coronavirus-permitting – one you to architects and sports stadiums, physically interact with, the beauty of creating a personalised experience.” these digital tools is that they can hold all the content that a business might need OUT WITH THE OLD, when communicating with customers, IN WITH THE NEW partners, stakeholders or the public. Lying behind the best interactive Popcomms’ involvement with the experiences and tools is progressive Ebbsfleet Garden City development web app (PWA) technology. Platforms (NCE last month) really exemplifies the like Pinterest, Spotify, Uber and opportunities interactives offer. The Instagram are all PWAs. They deliver agency’s brief for the project was all high performance regardless of device about stakeholder engagement. Out or network condition. went A3 mood boards, drawings and PWAs are still relatively new, but sketches and in came a state-of-the-art businesses are starting to replace their interactive marketing suite. websites and custom-built native apps. “There really is no limit to the level or If required, such tools can be woven onto breadth of personalisation that can be clients’ existing websites, and Haylor Progressive Web App advantages built into an interactive,” says Haylor. thinks it is the start of a change in how But as Haylor goes on to explain, information is disseminated. Native App Responsive Progressive an interactive tool can also supply the “PWAs are the next natural step Website Web App client with valuable information. in the evolution of web and app “Customers can tag content that technology,” he explains. “We build Functions offline YES NO YES they are interested in and download it our interactives as PWAs because they directly from the experience for later combine the very best attributes of consumption. The same interactive can responsive websites and native apps. Push notifications YES NO YES also be shared by the customer with “One of the simplest, but most colleagues, and analytics that run in the valued examples of this is that like background will track everything that a native app, our tools work offline. Installable to home YES NO YES is being looked at – the business can It’s another potential niggle ironed out screen see exactly what people are interested before that all-important meeting,” in and downloading, which is valuable says Haylor. Full screen YES NO YES information.” With the availability of cutting edge experience Interactive tools and experiences PWA technology and the looming come in many forms but they are all threat of future lockdowns, there Indexable by search NO YES YES created to distill complex information to really is no time like the present to get engines allow personalised conversations, with interactive, if the engineering sector the content being accessed and explored is serious about embracing digital in any number of ways depending on the transformation. Cross platform NO YES YES audiences’ requirements. “This pandemic has just put some availability “For example, if you are talking elements of digital transformation with an architect the interactive will trends on hyperdrive; telecommuting No download NO YES YES automatically only show content that is [working from home], for example,” required relevant to an architect,” says Haylor. says Bryce. “There is a very good “This can be further subdivided, chance that virtual experiences will so if the architect is interested in gain more merit and consideration... No updates NO YES YES sports stadiums, the content will and not just for marketing. required further filter down to that unique “I believe exciting times are ahead in piece of information that is relevant so many ways.” N

JUNE 2020 | NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 41 Innovation Showcase Deltek NOVEL SOLUTIONS

Opportunities to utilise emerging technologies across the industry are varied and complex. So how can engineering firms identify the right solutions? Nadine Buddoo reports.

dentifying new technologies and What are the industry trends? What are exploring ways they can improve KEY FACT the benchmarks of other companies? efficiencies and reduce costs “But it is also intended to provoke is a complex task for the civil some of these companies to think bigger emerging technologies expected to have a engineering sector. Perceived costs 600 than they are currently; to get out of just significant impact on both sectors. and risk aversion are often barriers the everyday, and really challenge them Artificial intelligence (AI), the Internet to the adoption of emerging technologies. Number of to continue to improve the way that they of Things (IoT), Big Data and geolocation IBut software provider Deltek is respondents run their businesses.” continue to be the main areas where determined to help firms navigate these to the “Deltek The biggest proportion of the survey Deltek is seeing the most traction and challenges. respondents – 29% – was UK-based, and interest across businesses. The annual “Deltek Clarity Clarity of this 60% were from the engineering “There’s also a lot of conversation Architecture & Engineering Industry Architecture sector and 40% from architecture. about IoT pairing with digital twins and Report” includes the results of a survey Davidson explains that the report the new dynamic there,” says Davidson. which identifies the key challenges facing & Engineering provides an opportunity for engineering “I think it will be really interesting to see engineering and architecture firms, Industry firms to gain some insight from the wider how some of these technologies start to highlights opportunities and forecasts Report” industry that can then be fed back into come together.” future trends. their businesses. While there is parity among The survey also seeks to understand “[The report] gives them a platform engineering and architecture firms in the how technology is already helping to have conversations within their own top technology trends, approaches to AI firms drive competitive advantage and companies and with their teams, to start vary. The report found that a resounding efficiency. to figure out ways that they can work 72% of engineers view AI as important “The report is really focused on towards a higher level of performance,” for their business, while just 44% of providing architects and engineers with a he adds. architecture firms said the technology was view of what’s happening in the industry,” The survey, which was conducted important. says Deltek regional vice president for online and gathered 600 individual Davidson believes this disparity is EMEA and APAC Neil Davidson. responses from engineering and because engineers are involved with the “What are the market conditions? architecture firms, highlights several design, construction and maintenance

42 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER | JUNE 2020 IN PARTNERSHIP WITH DELTEK

checkpoints along the way to better facilitate that end goal.” But what are some of the barriers facing engineering firms as they look to adopt these new technologies? Davidson is confident most engineering firms are in a good position to drive the uptake of AI and other emerging technologies, but admits there is more work to be done. “There is a good understanding of the benefits of these technologies, but there needs to be more understanding of how they can be applied in the real world,” he explains. “It’s about making that connection between these emerging technology trends and what they actually mean for your business.” The starting point for firms looking to embrace new technology, insists Davidson, should be creating a comprehensive strategic plan. “Businesses often know what they want to do, but it’s about carving away the time from project deliverables, which is the lifeblood of what they do every single day, and giving them the opportunity to really focus on [creating a strategic plan],” he says. This clear strategy should outline how a company will prioritise technology trends and empower employees to explore new approaches. “This isn’t just driven from leadership. Employees have to be confident that they’re Emerging design challenges,” he says. working in an environment that won’t stifle A resounding technologies Davidson points to firms such as these opportunities,” says Davidson. like artificial engineering consultancy Sweco which “You have to give your people the ability 72% of intelligence and is using machine learning to boost and authority to drive this forward. engineers view AI as Big Data are construction productivity, and Ramboll “One of the biggest barriers is having a growing which is using AI and 3D scanners to ensuring they have freedom to take important for their influence on deliver a major road project in Sweden. ownership of this.” construction Davidson also underlines the potential Deltek is continuously looking at business teams for AI to help improve collaboration ways to support its clients’ efforts to between designer and client over the tackle these issues and identify the right “ course of a project. solutions for their businesses. of assets, where there is a wealth of data “I think there’s a huge opportunity for “When we look at the solutions we about asset use. Architects are more better project outcomes, because having provide, we look at them through the lens closely associated with the design stage that intel up front can really help the of what we call ‘purposeful innovation’,” of a project, while engineers have more client and designer better understand Davidson explains. insight across the entire asset lifecycle so what the ultimate goal is and monitor it “We’re not just looking at specific have more opportunity to identify where throughout,” he says. requests from our customers, we’re AI can improve processes. “You can make sure that everything is taking a holistic view of how we can use “There’s significant scope for these on track so that you’re not waiting until technology to provide solutions and make new technologies to help automate and the end of the project and faced with their processes more efficient. streamline processes in production,” the surprise that this isn’t really what the “It’s not just about focusing on new says Davidson. client wanted or it isn’t delivered the way technology because it’s the latest trend. “Engineers are starting to look at how they expected. We focus on what makes sense for our AI could help to reduce errors and tackle “The technology allows clearer customers.”

JUNE 2020 | NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 43 Innovative Thinker James Forsey

Forsey: We need to use our technical skills to improve TAKING the world around us THE LEAD Engineers must assume a leading role in the fight against climate change, says BuroHappold engineer James Forsey. Nadine Buddoo reports.

efore the coronavirus spearhead this change and suggests resources and fuels to support them,” demanded public attention circular economy principles could he says. and grabbed headlines help. The circular economy, in “If we can adopt the principles of across the world, climate contrast to the traditional linear the circular economy and apply them change was the pressing economy, aims to reduce waste to the construction industry, we can issue that looked set to through more sustainable resource have a massive impact.” dominate 2020. management. Forsey who is 25 hopes to lead by BWhile global focus is firmly on Resources traditionally follow a example in his role as one of four combating the pandemic, United take, make, dispose process, often UK delegates to this year’s G7 youth Nations experts have warned that discarded to landfill sites at the end of summit. the world must “show the same service life. Each year, delegates debate four determination and unity” in the face Circular economy thinking helps to policy tracks, including education of climate change as it has with the close the loop in this process, with and jobs; global connectivity and coronavirus. resources reprocessed, refined and trade; peace and security; and energy, BuroHappold engineer James reused as many times as possible. which Forsey is leading. The event Forsey believes engineers’ role in “Construction is a huge industry was initially to be held in Washington helping to reduce carbon emissions and, obviously, with that comes DC in June, but will instead be held and promote sustainability has never exceptionally large quantities of via video conference as a result of been more critical. Covid-19 restrictions. Last year, dozens of engineering Forsey is tasked with engaging the firms, led by BuroHappold, joined UK’s youth to get their feedback on forces to declare a climate emergency the G7’s policy tracks. and work towards minimising the The onus He is keen to see more engineers industry’s environmental impact. taking this proactive approach, “As an engineer designing a isn’t just on whether through leadership roles in 60-storey building, the consumption of the industry or by reaching out to resources during the process of building engineers, but we young people to promote engineering. that structure is huge,” says Forsey. “Engineering is a great career. It’s “The onus isn’t just on engineers, but have the technical not just about being an engineer but we have the technical knowledge to being able to really enact change and help bring about real change.” knowledge to help use your technical skillset to improve Forsey believes engineers can “ the world around you,” he says. N bring about real change

44 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER | JUNE 2020 Innovation News NEW INNOVATIONS THAT WILL TRANSFORM YOUR PROJECTS NEWCIVILENGINEER.COM/INNOVATIVE-THINKING

TRANSPORT FRENCH TO CUT COSTS ON COVENTRY LIGHT RAIL SCHEME

French engineering consultant Ingerop Conseil et Ingénierie has been brought in to drive down the cost of Coventry’s very light rail scheme. A contract notice on the Official Journal of the European Union reveals that the consultant beat three other bidders to the job that involves designing new track for Coventry’s light rail scheme. In September last year, Coventry City Council revealed a target cost of £10M/km of track, much less than that of traditional light rail systems which cost between £35M/km and £60M/km. A Transport & Works Act order is due to be submitted in spring 2021 with confirmation and full business case approval set for 2023.

CORONAVIRUS DRONES STRUCTURES TRACKING FIRST OUT OF STAINLESS STEEL BRIDGE TO BE LIFTED TECHNOLOGY SIGHT DRONE INTO PLACE AFTER COVID-19 PAUSE COULD HELP INSPECTION REOPEN SITES TRIAL A SUCCESS

Tracking technology will enable AmeyVTOL has successfully project teams to view workers’ trialled the first drone site interactions if operatives inspection of UK infrastructure test positive for Covid-19. The to go beyond visual line of sight. CrewStrong technology – a During the trial – undertaken by collaboration between an Amey and VTOL Technologies American data firms Foresight joint venture – the drone Intelligence and OEM Data surveyed an area 2km out of the Delivery – uses Bluetooth sight of its pilot. Previous drone devices to track workers while inspections have been limited to The main structure of the UK’s Wright Civil Engineering resumed on site. Teams can access flight within visual line of sight first stainless steel road bridge is work on the bridge at the end of reports listing individuals’ and so could go no further than to be lifted into position in the April following a brief suspension interactions within a given 500m from their pilot. The VTOL coming weeks. Cumbria County due to coronavirus restrictions. radius during any time period Flying Wing drone can fly up to Council announced that the £5M The original three-span 18th selected. The firms behind the 100km on a single charge using road bridge at Pooley Bridge will century stone arch bridge technology, claim it will allow a a hybrid design and optimised hit the key milestone in the collapsed after Storm Desmond safer return to job sites. energy system. coming weeks. Contractor Eric hit Cumbria in December 2015.

JUNE 2020 | NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 45 Institution of Civil Engineers Record

ICE Five new members for Trustee Board ICE Council also confirms Ed McCann and Anusha Shah as succeeding vice presidents while two Council members step down.

Five new members have Council has also confirmed been appointed to the ICE the presidential succession. Trustee Board for the 2020/21 Anusha Shah has been presidential session. confirmed as a succeeding The ICE Council has vice president from November confirmed that Anusha Shah, 2020. She will go on to become Sabih Khisaf and Jim Hall President in November 2023, will become Trustee Board subject to interim annual members from November 2020. election by Council. Andy Alder and Gary Cutts Ed McCann has been will also join the Trustee Board, confirmed as succeeding Vice as Council Appointee Members. President. ICE Council voted They join existing Board that, based on seniority, he members Ed McCann, Keith should be considered as a New Trustee Board members clockwise from top left: Andy Alder, Howells, Emer Murnaghan, candidate for the Presidency Sabih Khisaf, Jim Hall, Gary Cutts and Anusha Shah Richard Threlfall, John Beck in November 2021, subject to and Liz Waugh, and will work formal election by Council in will stand down as vice l Find out more about the new with incoming President Rachel December 2020. presidents in November, at the ICE Trustee Board members Skinner. CK Mak and Jane Smallman end of their three year terms. at www.ice.org.uk/news-and-

ICE STRUCTURES PROJECT 13 BENEVOLENT FUND Stay in touch with the Experts assess Grenfell Project 13 wins support Benevolent Fund ICE during lockdown and Polcevera failures from the World launches online by updating details at ICE strategy session Economic Forum Covid-19 support

The ICE has asked members Issues which emerged during Project 13 – the industry- ICE members needing advice to ensure their details are recent major infrastructure led change programme about how to cope with the accurate so they can make disasters were discussed at developed by the ICE and the impact of Covid-19 on their the most of online resources a recent ICE strategy session. Infrastructure Client Group – is lives can access a range of new during the Covid-19 pandemic. Dame Hackitt, the government’s to be supported by the World resources provided by the ICE Members can update e-newsletter independent advisor on tall Economic Forum as part of Benevolent Fund. Alongside the preferences, so they can keep up building safety, said many in a new strategic partnership. existing benefits and support with developments from across the industry saw risk and safety Launched in 2018, Project 13 packages, members can now the ICE’s Membership, Policy issues as “somebody else’s is a flagship initiative designed access a range of webinars. An and Knowledge divisions. The problem”. Transport Scotland to make infrastructure delivery online therapist-led support ICE Learning Hub also allows chief bridge engineer Hazel more society-focused. As group is also available to help members to continue their McDonald and ICE Council part of the new partnership, combat concerns about reduced development programmes member Julie Bregulla also it will benefit from the reach income, redundancy, anxiety online. shared their views. and knowledge of the World and illnesses. l Details and communication l Rewatch the strategy session at Economic Forum’s Platform for l To access these services, preferences can be updated www.ice.org.uk/news-and-insight/ Shaping the Future of Cities, visit www.icebenfund.com/ via the MyICE section of latest-ice-news/grenfell-disaster- Infrastructure and Urban our-services/wellbeing-support/ www.ice.org.uk highlights-system-response-issue Services. covid-19-response/

46 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER | JUNE 2020 NORTH WEST VIEW KEEPING MANCHESTER METROLINK MOVING

The only thing certain in life is Utilising technology change and this is something I have embraced throughout quickly and my 15 year career in the rail industry. increasingly became Now, more than ever, invaluable to ensuring Greater Jen embracing change is vital. On 22 March this year, the Manchester’s key workers McKinney new Trafford Park Metrolink line opened to the public “could rely on our network to provide vital service to key workers in the area, seven months ahead of insight/latest-ice-news/new- schedule. The very next day the UK was placed trustee-board-members-are- under lockdown to protect the nation from the network in the UK. elected-by-council Covid-19 virus. Integral to achieving this is leveraging expertise Utilising technology quickly and increasingly and experience from Amey and Keolis. became invaluable to ensuring Greater Automation and data analytics play a huge part SUSTAINABILITY Manchester’s key workers could rely on our in this – that is, how we access and analyse high ICE strategy sessions network to get them to their jobs, tackling the virus quality data so that we can make better decisions. on the front line. For example, our tram-mounted remote condition continue with Our focus on continuous improvement by monitoring project will provide us with data about upgrading technologies such as the Agility Asset overhead line heights and staggers and contact sustainability focus Management system and deploying mobile devices wire thickness as well as rail profile measurements across the organisation has become paramount and ride and track quality. Just one tram trip can The role of sustainable, public- in enabling our multi-disciplinary teams to work provide a much more holistic picture of the overall focused infrastructure in collaboratively and for our own front line teams to asset condition. achieving the United Nations remain safe. We can improve identification of wear trends or (UN) Sustainable Development A key change as part of the Metrolink joint any defects and, where possible, take a proactive Goals was the focus of a venture is moving towards a proactive and approach to making repairs at the least disruptive recent ICE Strategy Session. preventative approach to asset maintenance. Being times for customers. UN Office for Project Services able to predict potential issues also means we are I am immensely proud of how our colleagues head of strategic initiatives better prepared for those challenges as they unfold. have adapted and embraced improvement as Steven Crosskey highlighted As part of this, I believe that the more we can many of our processes have been streamlined. to attendees that significant use the latest technology to automate certain This has been profoundly highlighted during this global investment is needed tasks, the more we can keep people safe while challenging time with the requirement to work to meet the $97 trillion (£76.81 reaping other efficiency benefits. remotely as much as possible from an operational trillion) infrastructure funding By investing not only in innovation, but and a managerial perspective. challenge and ensure the in creating the right culture within our l ICE graduate member Jen McKinney is currently targets are reached. Discussion organisation, we are implementing a reliability- working towards her chartership. She is head of also focused on the impact of centred maintenance regime on the Metrolink infrastructure, KeolisAmey Metrolink – Greater Covid-19 on public transport network, which is now the largest light rail Manchester Metrolink Operator Maintainer habits.

JUNE 2020 | NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 47 Institution of Civil Engineers Record

CPD Online content replaces face to face learning events

Fresh content designed to keep civil engineers in-the-know and engaged about the latest industry discussions, will be delivered to members by email. As the industry adjusts to the lack of face to face learning events amid the Covid-19 pandemic, the Institution is helping members to remain informed and engaged. Members will receive a specially curated e-newsletter every two weeks. It will include a range of content to keep After the coronavirus pandemic, what will be the new normal? them informed with latest news and which will enable them to continue professional CORONAVIRUS development. Each issue will be themed. ICE director of engineering knowledge Mark Hansford said: ICE launches Covid-19 project “Whatever else Covid-19 is doing, it is reinforcing the need for civil engineers to be able to analyse society’s ‘new normal’ to access reliable and trusted knowledge. The ICE is here to Industry professionals are following Covid-19. and debates, that could act as provide that, so please keep being asked for their views and It will also examine a catalyst for a huge change in reading our newsletter and expertise as part of the ICE’s infrastructure’s role in its long- societal habits,” said Sheffield. checking the ICE website for all latest research project, which term recovery and whether “For instance, it could be a our latest outputs.” looks at the social impact of the pandemic will impact the real benefit for those who are l Sign-up for the knowledge Covid-19 and how infrastructure UK’s ability to achieve the not comfortable with going e-newsletter by emailing systems can help society recover. United Nations Sustainable into a traditional office place to [email protected] A steering group chaired by Development Goals. be able to create the space for ICE President Paul Sheffield is Following the consultation, more home working while truly leading the research which is the ICE will publish a White delivering great value to their being carried out on behalf of Paper outlining key learnings businesses. the Infrastructure Client Group. and recommendations about “Then, if everyone worked The first phase of Covid-19 and the role of infrastructure from home one day per week, the New Normal for Infrastructure systems in tackling Britain’s that just might take 20% off Systems research is now underway. social, economic and the roads and rail links that we A consultation paper is environmental challenges over use for our commute – not to live and the Institution is the next 18 to 24 months. mention the 20% reduction in asking industry professionals, “Everybody wants to know the desk space that we might ICE members and other what the new normal looks need in the expensive offices stakeholders to respond. like and with most of us now that we occupy.” Within the consultation is an adept at video communication l Details of the consultation assessment of what the “new on a variety of platforms and and updates on the project can Content will be delivered online normal” could be for society attending virtual conferences be found at ice.org.uk

48 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER | JUNE 2020 VICE PRESIDENT’S VIEW New Civil Engineer 4th Floor, Telephone House 69-77 Paul Street, London EC2A 4NQ

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When times are tough Magazine of the Institution of Civil Engineers you get a chance to If we want to succeed: 1 Great George Street, London SW1P 3AA see clearly what really 020 7222 7722 | www.ice.org.uk matters in life. as individuals, as The March 2020 Loo ICE MEMBERS’ ADDRESS Roll Crisis points in businesses and as a society; CHANGES/ SUBSCRIPTIONS one direction, massive then we need to identify what QUERIES Ed community support www.ice.org.uk/myice to update your McCann for NHS workers in address quickly online. For subscription really matters and change queries, please phone 020 7665 another. 2227, or email [email protected] In times of great “ accordingly uncertainty, it is comforting to know that SUBSCRIPTIONS what you do is important; not just that your For subscription queries contact; job will be secure, but also that you are playing Esco 020 3953 2152 a meaningful role in helping society survive with purpose and imagination. All rights reserved © 2020 New and thrive. None of this was a big surprise to me; our Civil Engineer. Published by EMAP Civil engineers should take comfort in community of civil engineers is above all a group a member of the Metropolis Group. the fact that, on the whole, what we do really of inventive and determined problem solvers. Metropolis Group respects the privacy does matter. Of course, Covid-19 is just the latest in a of every person for whom we have Through the current crisis the lights have lengthening list of threats that we face, including personal data. We comply with data stayed on, water still comes out of the tap, the ongoing climate emergency, global wealth protection legislation such as the Data toilets still fl ush, trains still run. inequality, and the growth in national populism. Protection Act 1998 and the General This speaks volumes to over 200 years of Tough times indeed. Data Protection Regulations which civil engineering effort that continues today The lesson for me in all of this is that if we regulates the processing of data and and provides the physical infrastructure want to succeed: as individuals, as businesses ensures that your data is processed fairly and lawfully, is kept secure and only that underpinning modern life. and as a society; then we need to identify what data necessary for any processing is kept. The capability of the civil engineering really matters and change accordingly. You can see our privacy policy at www. community to adapt has been great to see. Our industry evolved through the 19th and metropolis.co.uk/privacy Clients and their consultants moved out of 20th centuries to provide the infrastructure that their workplaces into their homes in just a few society needed then. Printed by Precision Colour Printing Ltd, days and many are already as productive as We are evolving now so that we can provide Telford. Registered as a newspaper with when they were in offi ces. the infrastructure that society needs in the the Post Offi ce ISSN 0307-7683; Issue Contractors, facing greater challenges, future. This is not an easy change for those that No: 2087. Statements made or opinions re-designed and implemented new working have grown to meet the needs of the past and expressed in New Civil Engineer do not necessarily refl ect the views of practices to comply with social distancing fi nd themselves poorly set up to meet the needs ICE Council or ICE committees guidelines and got back to work within weeks. of the future. The infrastructure operators just kept But, when the history of the 21st century is on going, making sure that the nation’s written, I am confi dent that you will fi nd a big infrastructure kept on going too. chapter telling the story of the civil engineers The story of the Nightingale Hospitals will be and their essential contribution to civilised life. told for years to come and was a perfect example This is one profession that really does matter! of what can be achieved when we work together l Ed McCann is ICE vice president, membership

JUNE 2020 | NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 49 Featured Jobs

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Job title: Harbour Master Job title: Planning and Controls Manager - Leeds Job title: Deputy Facilities Manager Salary: Competitive Salary: Competitive Salary: Competitive Location: Saudi Arabia Location: Leeds Location: London The successful candidate should be degree qualifi ed You will provide the leadership and direction for the BAM FM is recruiting a Deputy Facilities Manager from a Nautical Academy and possess extensive Transpire Alliance on all things planning and project based at Camden Schools, Camden. Reporting to the operational port experience including pilotage. The controls and lead the technical and assurance Facilities Manager, your main responsibility will be role will be to coordinate with all the necessary support for the project and controls function. to support the Facilities Manager to ensure that the local authorities in Saudi Arabia to ensure a fully Link: https://bit.ly/3aVgNNh services provided to the authority are in accordance operational busy port is smoothly working and also with the service agreement and authorities involves the management of a small team of two requirements (AR’s) Marine Managers. Link: https://bit.ly/3aQIhDz Link: https://bit.ly/2ygvfSD

Job title: Associate Structural Engineer/Chartered Job title: Building Envelope Specialist Job title: Associate & Senior Civil Infrastructure Senior Structural Engineer Salary: Up to £75,000 + Benefi ts Engineers Salary: Up to £55,000 + Benefi ts Location: South West London Salary: Up to £55,000 + Benefi ts Location: Manchester Candidates will need to be Chartered member Location: Nottingham Premier Structural Engineers in Manchester has of IStructE and/or ICE and must have extensive Premier London consultancy with an offi ce in a requirement for an Associate-level Structural experience in due diligence and latent defect Nottingham has a requirement for an Associate Engineer (or an individual who is ready to step-up insurance projects and will have worked on cladding Civil Infrastructure Engineer and a Senior Civil soon) to join the expanding offi ce as it establishes systems and have expert witness skills. They should Infrastructure Engineer to join the expanding civil its team structure. be capable of dialoguing with clients and be willing to infrastructure team. Link: https://bit.ly/3d5SxcA travel globally to suit projects. Link: https://bit.ly/2Spa87k Link: https://bit.ly/2yW90RY

Read by over 47,000 engineering professionals, New Civil Engineer is the perfect platform to advertise your vacancies. T: 020 3953 2507 E: [email protected] W: newcivilengineercareers.com Careers CONTACT MITCHELL ROBINSON 020 3953 2993 [email protected]

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JUNE 2020 | NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 51

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