DOCSLIB.ORG

Governing a More Global World

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Governing a More Global World Governing a more global world Jan AArt Scholte Professorial Research Fellow in the Centre for the Study of Globalization and Regionalization (CSGR) at the University of Warwick and Centennial Professor in the Centre for the Study of Global Governance (CSGG) at the London School of Economics, has held previous appointments at the University of Sussex (1985–96) and the Institute of Social Studies, The Hague (1997–98). His main publications include: Globalization: A Critical Introduction (Palgrave-Macmillan, 2010, 3rd ed.); Global Citizenship in Action? Civil Society and Accountable Global Governance, ed. (Cambridge University Press, 2010); The Encyclopaedia of Globalization, co-ed. (Routledge, 2006); Civil Society and Global Finance, ed. (Routledge, 2002); Contesting Global Governance, co-author (Cambridge University Press, 2000); and International Relations of Social Change (Open University Press, 1993). In 2005-9 he was co-editor of the journal Global Governance. He is currently coordinating a five-year action-oriented research program on ‘Building Global Democracy’ with co-conveners across ten world regions: see www.buildingglobaldemocracy.org. 128-145_PAL.indd 128 19/11/09 19:35:20 Introduction of incompatibility, say, between efficiency and With global sustainability; or between justice and peace; or consciousness The rapid growth of global social relations is one between democracy and morality? of the principal developments of the late twenti- This, then, is the central concern of the pres- people are eth and early twenty-first centuries. Society of our ent essay: how to govern a more global world in aware that they times has acquired more pronounced global pro- the early twenty-first century. Such a short paper inhabit planetary portions: human beings are connected with one cannot develop full answers, but it can clarify the realms, and their another on a planetary scale to degrees not pre- broad issues. Concretely, what institutional frame- viously known. Even deep in Amazonia, people works are developing? Normatively, what value imaginations take are aware that “globalization affects us deeply, perspectives should guide these policy processes? them anywhere touching on all the big questions” (Vieira 2005). In responding to these questions, the first on Earth. A number This more global circumstance has raised nu- part of the discussion below briefly elaborates of languages, merous headline issues for public policy. How a conception of globality and globalization. This can we best address climate change, financial preliminary step of definition is necessary since discourses, crises, infectious diseases, Internet communi- ideas of the global are so multiple and divergent. symbols, and cations, arms proliferation, transborder produc- To limit confusion it is therefore advisable for each narratives have tion chains, and intercultural accommodation, commentator to specify the particular notion of global reach. to name but a few crucial global challenges? globalization that informs their understanding. As transplanetary interlinkages have become The second part of the paper describes gov- more significant in society, rules and regulatory ernance of the contemporary more global world processes have emerged to bring greater order, in terms of a “polycentric” mode of regulation. stability, predictability, and control over global Polycentrism refers here to governance by means affairs. Like any other realm of social life, global of trans-scalar, trans-sectoral, diffuse, and over- relations are governed. lapping institutional arrangements. In a polycen- However, what form does this governance take? tric framework, global public policy is generated Is regulation of intensified global relations to be through complex networks that comprise offi- conducted, on older patterns, through territorial cial, market, civil society, and hybrid agencies. nation-states? Or is globalization prompting a These regulatory actors moreover operate across “scaling up” of the state from national to global a mix of local, provincial, national, regional, and levels with the creation of a world government? global jurisdictions. With so many institutions Or is increased globality the occasion for a return and measures involved, it can be difficult in con- of rule by empire? Or is the intense globaliza- ditions of polycentrism to identify the sources tion of current times instead a moment to revive and trace the courses of governance in respect decentered governance arrangements on a medi- of global problems. This situation creates large eval pattern? Alternatively still, is a more global difficulties of coordination and accountability, world to be governed through institutional con- which largely explains why most governance of figurations that history has not previously seen? global affairs today suffers from major shortfalls Whatever the institutional shape of global gov- in effectiveness and legitimacy. ernance, what purpose should the rules serve? Is The third part of this paper then explores the the aim to maximize material welfare in a glob- normative frameworks that might be brought to al economy? Or is the objective to ensure global these polycentric governance processes. Differ- ecological integrity? Or is the goal to advance ent ideologies assign different relative priorities global social justice with an equitable distribu- to the seven aforementioned values of economic tion of resources across humanity as a whole? productivity, ecological integrity, social justice, Or is the goal to secure peaceful settlement of peace, democracy, cultural vibrancy, and mo- global conflicts? Or is the target to foster demo- rality. The aim in this concluding section is to cratic processes in a context of global citizen- identify some of the key political choices that ship? Or is the end to promote creativity and every global citizen must take, rather than to wisdom in global culture? Or is the guiding vi- prescribe what those choices should be. sion to ensure moral decency in a global com- munity? Alternatively, if in fact the purpose of Globalization global governance encompasses several or even all of these core aims, which priorities should As elaborated elsewhere (Scholte 2005, ch. 2), prevail when different objectives clash with one globalization is a diversely understood and another? Which should take precedence in cases deeply contested concept. For example, some Governing a more global world Jan Aart Scholte 129 128-145_PAL.indd 129 19/11/09 19:35:20 commentators define globalization as a process involves savings and credits circulating in plan- of internationalization that brings a substantial etary spaces. Global military affairs see armed growth of interactions and interdependencies forces operating across the Earth with, for exam- between countries. Others conceive of globaliza- ple, intercontinental missiles, surveillance satel- tion as liberalization and the reduction of state- lites, and long-range troop deployments. Global imposed restrictions on cross-border movements health issues arise in respect of various infec- (of goods, services, capital, and—in principle if tious diseases as well as global trade in drugs. not in practice—labor). Others identify global- Global ecological developments such as climate ization as universalization, whereby a host of change, biodiversity loss, and depletion of strato- objects and experiences are spread to all cor- spheric ozone affect relations between human- ners of humanity. Still others define globaliza- ity and the rest of nature on a planetary scale. tion as deterritorialization, a process in which In addition to these many material forms, many social relations such as electronic finance globality also manifests itself ideationally. With glo- and websites (partly) transcend the geography bal consciousness people are aware that they in- of place, distance and borders. habit planetary realms, and their imaginations Globalization arguably can involve all four of take them anywhere on Earth. A number of lan- these trends and more. What is wanted, there- guages (e.g., English), discourses (e.g., ‘devel- fore, is a conception that not only encompasses opment’), symbols (e.g., the Nike insignia), and and integrates these related qualities, but at the narratives (e.g., the soap opera) have global same time also identifies the distinctive char- reach. Global spaces also host distinctive aes- acter of globalness. Such a notion is available thetics such as fusion cuisine, computer-aided if one defines globalization as the growth of design, Diaspora literature, and hybrid music transplanetary social connectivity. Globality forms. Meanwhile various non-territorial identi- is “transplanetary” in that it involves geograph- ties and associated solidarities stretch across ical spaces that can stretch to any location on the planet, with affective bonds based on caste, the Earth. Globality is “social” in that it involves clan, class, disability, faith, gender, generation, people living collectively—in this case on a plan- race, and sexuality. etary scale. Globality is “connectivity” in that it Taking this multitude of material and ide- links conditions, experiences, and destinies—in ational circumstances in sum, global connectivity this case at widely dispersed sites across the figures pervasively and deeply in contemporary so- Earth. Globalization by this definition is a process ciety. Most human beings in the early twenty-first whereby human society acquires more pronounced century encounter at least several global
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Follesdal-2014-Global-Citizenship.Pdf
    ANDREAS FOLLESDAL Global Citizenship Approximately as appears in Global Citizen – Challenges and Responsibility in an Interconnected World, ed Aksel Braanen Sterri, Amsterdam: Sense Publisher 2014, 71-82. Introduction Globalization describes the processes of widening and deepening relations and institutions across space.1 Increasingly, our actions and practices systematically and mutually affect others across territorial borders (Held 1995: 21). Since these processes affect our opportunities and our possible impact, globalization also affects what we ought to do – as ‘global citizens’. This paper explores some of the implications for our conceptions of citizenship beyond the state. In particular, these processes affect assertions about what our institutions should enable us to do, as citizens of multiple political units. I present a number of arguments to support the view that individuals should be able to exercise some democratic voting rights and some human rights vis-à-vis governance structures above the nation state under our conditions of globalization. After a brief overview including a historical backdrop, section 2 sketches some components of global citizenship, and section 3 considers several objections to this notion. I start from the normative premise that human beings are rights-deserving subjects of equal moral worth. I then ask: what are the appropriate normative answers to globalization? Globalization challenges perceived obligations of states, citizenship and non-state/private actors such as NGOs and corporations, and gives rise to normative and institutional solutions of a varied kind. In particular, what are the implications for our conceptions of citizenship beyond the state? 1 Globalization and normative cosmopolitanism Global citizenship invokes the notion of citizenship.
    [Show full text]
  • Globalization: a Short History
    CHAPTER 5 GLOBALIZATIONS )URGEN OSTERHAMMEL TI-IE revival of world history towards the end of the twentieth century was intimately connected with the rise of a new master concept in the social sciences: 'globalization.' Historians and social scientists responded to the same generational experience·---·the impression, shared by intellectuals and many other people round the world, that the interconnectedness of social life on the planet had arrived at a new level of intensity. The world seemed to be a 'smaller' place in the 1990s than it had been a quarter­ century before. The conclusions drawn from this insight in the various academic disciplines, however, diverged considerably. The early theorists of globalization in sociology, political science, and economics disdained a historical perspective. The new concept seemed ideally suited to grasp the characteristic features of contemporary society. It helped to pinpoint the very essence of present-day modernity. Historians, on their part, were less reluctant to envisage a new kind of conceptual partnership. An earlier meeting of world history and sociology had taken place under the auspices of 'world-system theory.' Since that theory came along with a good deal of formalisms and strong assumptions, few historians went so far as to embrace it wholeheartedly. The idiom of 'globalization,' by contrast, made fewer specific demands, left more room for individuality and innovation and seemed to avoid the dogmatic pitfalls that surrounded world-system theory. 'Globalization' looked like a godsend for world historians. It opened up a way towards the social science mainstream, provided elements of a fresh terminology to a field that had sutlcred for a long time from an excess of descriptive simplicity, and even spawned the emergence of a special and up""ttHlate variant of world history-'global history.' Yet this story sounds too good to be true.
    [Show full text]
  • Cosmopolitanism and Global Citizenship
    Review of International Studies (2003), 29, 3–17 Copyright © British International Studies Association DOI: 10.1017/S0260210503000019 Cosmopolitanism and global citizenship BHIKHU PAREKH* Abstract. The author argues that we have obligations to our fellow citizens as well as to those outside our community. Since these obligations can conflict and since neither automatically trumps the other, the author provides the general principles needed to resolve the conflict. While rejecting the notion of global citizenship, he argues for a globally oriented national citizenship and spells out its political and institutional implications. A few years ago when Richard Goldstone was appointed Chief Prosecutor for the Yugoslav and Rwanda war crimes tribunals, he ran into Edward Heath, ex-British Prime Minister. Goldstone told him about his new job whereupon Heath asked him why he had accepted ‘such a ridiculous job’. When the surprised Goldstone tried to explain the importance of bringing war criminals to justice, Heath rejoined that if people wanted to murder one another, it was none of his business as long as they did so in their own country. Goldstone found later that Heath was candidly stating what many leading Western politicians were saying in private.1 When a group of leading American activists lambasted the chief executive of a well-known multinational corporation for paying low wages to his employees in developing countries and bribing and coercing their governments, he rejoined that his sole duty was to his shareholders, that alleviating the poverty in developing countries was not his business but that of the leaders of the country involved, that no Western country had ever depended on external help, and that it was about time developing countries stopped blackmailing the West.
    [Show full text]
  • Global Health, Trade, and Multilateral Development Finance
    ADBI Working Paper Series A COMPARISON OF GLOBAL GOVERNANCE ACROSS SECTORS: GLOBAL HEALTH, TRADE, AND MULTILATERAL DEVELOPMENT FINANCE Matthias Helble, Zulfiqar Ali, and Jera Lego No. 806 February 2018 Asian Development Bank Institute Matthias Helble is a senior economist and co-chair of the research department at the Asian Development Bank Institute (ADBI). Zulfiqar Ali and Jera Lego are research associates, also from ADBI. The views expressed in this paper are the views of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of ADBI, ADB, its Board of Directors, or the governments they represent. ADBI does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this paper and accepts no responsibility for any consequences of their use. Terminology used may not necessarily be consistent with ADB official terms. Working papers are subject to formal revision and correction before they are finalized and considered published. The Working Paper series is a continuation of the formerly named Discussion Paper series; the numbering of the papers continued without interruption or change. ADBI’s working papers reflect initial ideas on a topic and are posted online for discussion. Some working papers may develop into other forms of publication. Suggested citation: Helble, M., Z. Ali, and J. Lego. 2018. A Comparison of Global Governance Across Sectors: Global Health, Trade, and Multilateral Development Finance. ADBI Working Paper 806. Tokyo: Asian Development Bank Institute. Available: https://www.adb.org/publications/comparison-global-governance-across-sectors-health-
    [Show full text]
  • Global Governance and the Construction of World Citizenship: a Contemporary Perspective
    GLOBAL GOVERNANCE AND THE CONSTRUCTION OF WORLD CITIZENSHIP: A CONTEMPORARY PERSPECTIVE By, Dr. R. Shashi Kumar Reader Department of Economics Bangalore University Bangalore—560 056 Karnataka State India CONTENTS PART I GLOBAL GOVERNANCE 1.1. INTRODUCTION 1.2. PAPER DESIGN 1.3. GLOBAL GOVERNANCE: 1.3.1. Meaning PART II GLOBAL GOVERNANCE AND WORLD CITIZENSHIP 2.1. THE NEW GLOBAL AGENDA 2.1.1. Governance and Knowledge Management 2.1.2. Regionalism 2.1.3. Informal Multi-lateralism 2.1.4. State and Governance: The Question of Sovereignty 2.2. THE UN AND FUTURE OF GLOBAL GOVERNANCE 2.3. GLOBAL CITIZENSHIP: A NEW PARADIGM OF RIGHTS, RESPONSIBILITIES AND AUTHORITY PART III A UNIFIED CIVIL SOCIETY 3.1. GLOBAL GOVERNANCE AND CIVIL SOCIETY 3.2. PROBLEMS OF GLOBAL GOVERNANCE 3.3. MEASURES TO IMPROVE GLOBAL GOVERNANCE 3.4. CONCLUSION REFERENCE GLOBAL GOVERNANCE AND THE CONSTRUCTION OF WORLD CITIZENSHIP: A CONTEMPORARY PERSPECTIVE Key Words: Globalization, Integration, International Organizations, Knowledge Management. “Civil society has a certain view of government. Government has a certain view of civil society. Unless you actually start working together, you don’t really realize your relative strengths.” -Kofi Annan PART I GLOBAL GOVERNANCE 1.1. INTRODUCTION The international community today faces enormous challenges in dealing with economic governance--challenges related to the growing interdependence of economies and civil society, the continued impoverishment of much of the world and the unused human potential that entails, and the increased realization of the threats to the environment and thus to planetary survival. While the world has become much more highly integrated economically, the mechanisms for managing the system in a stable, sustainable way have lagged behind.
    [Show full text]
  • Challenges and Conceptions of Globalization
    The current issue and full text archive of this journal is available at www.emeraldinsight.com/1352-7606.htm Challenges and Challenges and conceptions conceptions of of globalization globalization An investigation into models of global change and their relationship with business practice 23 Christopher Bond Business School, University of Roehampton, London, UK, and Darren J. O’Byrne Department of Social Sciences, University of Roehampton, London, UK Abstract Purpose – This paper, which is conceptual in both nature and approach, builds on a recent contribution to the theorization of “globalization” and seeks to utilise the framework developed therein to help promote a more complex conceptual understanding of the potential implications of how business operates and responds to these challenges in a global environment. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – The paper draws primarily on a heuristic framework developed by O’Byrne and Hensby that reviews eight models of global change. In this paper, the authors review and give consideration to the relationship between these models and business practice and contend that this relationship is far more complex than the majority of the current literature in the business and management field represents. Within the paper, the authors explore and discuss the dynamics of the eight models of “globalization” and assess the potential implications for business practice of working within these often conflicting and contradictory paradigms of “globalization”. As part of this review, the authors consider the strategic implications of “globalization” for business practice and propose a conceptual model with eight strategic options which are aligned to the eight models of global change.
    [Show full text]
  • The Social Construction of Globality1
    International Political Sociology (2010) 4, 219–235 The Social Construction of Globality1 Jens Bartelson Lund University Today the concept of globality is widely used to describe a condition characterized by the presence a single sociopolitical space on a plane- tary scale. Yet international relations theory has been either unwilling or unable to understand the global realm in sui generis terms. This paper argues that if we want to make coherent sense of the global realm and its relationship to the international system, we must account for how globality has been constructed as a social fact. The paper then tries to provide some of the foundations of such an account by analyzing how a distinctively global space was forged out of changing cosmological beliefs about the makeup of the terrestrial surface during the Renaissance, and how these new beliefs in turned conditioned the possibility of modern practices of territorial demarcation and national identity construction. If valid, this interpretation implies that the order of analytical priority between the international system of states and the global realm ought to be reversed, and hence also that a sui generis account of globality must be built on the recognition that the world was global well before it became international in any recognizably modern sense of this latter term. Today the concept of the global and its cognates are commonly used to describe a condition characterized by the presence of a single sociopolitical space on a planetary scale. But although there is a broad agreement that many phenomena are global in scope, the nature of the global realm itself has largely remained unexplored.
    [Show full text]
  • Global Governance of the World Financial Crisis?
    Goettingen Journal of International Law 2 (2010) 1, 11-42 Global Governance of the World Financial Crisis? Roman Goldbach, Thorsten Hasche, Jörn Müller & Stefan Schüder Table of Contents Abstract ........................................................................................................ 13 A. Introduction ........................................................................................... 13 B. An Interdisciplinary Perspective on Global Crises ............................... 15 C. Framing Perspectives on Global Crises ................................................. 17 I. Global Crises Phenomena ................................................................. 18 II. Conceptualizing Multi-Level-Governance........................................ 19 We would like to thank the whole team that organized and supported the Workshop “Strategies for Solving Global Crises” and this special volume. Without the tremendous work of Anja Eikermann, neither the workshop, nor our article would have been possible. Likewise, Sven Mißling was an outstanding colleague who played an important role in organizing and conducting the workshop. Furthermore, the whole GoJIL team did a tremendous job before and during the workshop, but especially by editing all the articles. We are grateful for the fruitful support by professors Andreas Paulus, Frank Schorkopf and Peter-Tobias Stoll from the Institute of European and International Law and professor Andreas Busch, Chair for Comparative Politics and Political Economy and by their staff. We would
    [Show full text]
  • Draft @ January 13, 2000 Global Governance & Cosmopolitan
    Draft @ January 13, 2000 Global Governance & Cosmopolitan Citizens Pippa Norris Chapter 8 for “Globalization and Governance” edited by Joseph S. Nye Jr. and Elaine Kamarck. Abstract The most recent wave of globalization in markets, governance, and communications has increased interconnectedness between companies, states, and peoples worldwide. Indicators of structural changes affecting the role and autonomy of the nation-state, outlined elsewhere in this book, range from the proliferation of international NGOs and the expanding power of agencies like the European Union and United Nations, to the rise of multilateral agreements regulating trade, human rights and environmental protection. The sovereignty and autonomy of the nation-state has been eroded, a process that has perhaps gone furthest within the European Union. But how has the public responded to these developments? Many assume that the rise of global governance may have weakened traditional national identities, for good or ill, but skeptics suggest there are few grounds for this belief. To examine the evidence underlying this debate, this chapter focuses on three issues. Has the rise of global governance transformed national identities so that more people have come to see themselves as part of their continent or world community rather then, say, Americans, Russians, or British, or, at a more local level, as Bostonians, Muscovites, or Londoners? How far do the public have confidence and trust in the institutions of global governance, including multilateral associations and international organizations such as the United Nations, European Union, the Organization of African Unity, and ASEAN? And how far do the public support economic policies leading towards greater globalization, such as approving of free trade and labor migration? These issues are important for understanding the public’s response to global governance, as well as for insights into the democratic legitimacy of the new world order.
    [Show full text]
  • Global Governance 2025: at a Critical Juncture
    Global Governance 2025: at a Critical Juncture NIC 2010-08 September 2010 This page was intentionally left blank. This page was intentionally left blank. Global Governance 2025: At a Critical Juncture Inquiries regarding this report may be made to Mathew Burrows, Counselor to the National Intelligence Council, on (703) 482-0741 and to the EU Institute of Security Studies on 0033-1-56-89-19-51. NIC 2010-08 September 2010 This page was intentionally left blank. Preface The United States’ National Intelligence Council (NIC) and the European Union’s Institute for Security Studies (EUISS) have joined forces to produce this assessment of the long-term prospects for global governance frameworks. This exercise builds on the experience of the two institutions in identifying the key trends shaping the future international system. Since the mid 1990s, the NIC has produced four editions of its landmark Global Trends report. The most recent one, Global Trends 2025: A Transformed World, published in late 2008, noted that momentous change was ahead, with the gap between increasing disorder and weakening governance structures widening. The EUISS produced the first EU-level report on the factors affecting the evolution of the international system in 2006, The New Global Puzzle. What World for the EU in 2025? The report stressed that a multipolar system is emerging and that matching the new distribution of power with new rules and institutions will be critical to preserving international peace and stability. The US and the EU do not always see eye to eye on every issue on the international agenda, but they share fundamental values and strategic interests to an extent not matched by any other partners in the world.
    [Show full text]
  • Global Citizenship and Global School-Links Perceptions from Tobago and the United Kingdom
    INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION - UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON Global Citizenship and Global School-Links Perceptions from Tobago and the United Kingdom Thesis Doctor in Education Yvette Allen August 2016 Declaration of originality and word count I, Yvette Allen confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. The word count using Microsoft Office Word 2010, (excluding appendices and bibliography) is: 46,393 words. Signed: Yvette Allen 1 Abstract This research study focuses on Global Citizenship and its meaning, relevance and significance to pupils of Caribbean heritage. The concept of Global citizenship is explored through UK/Caribbean school-links and UK/Tobago school-links, which were initiated through the British Council’s Global School Partnerships (GSP) programme. Strategically, global school-links exposed pupils to a global dimension, promoted the concept of global citizenship and the development of knowledge and skills to thrive within our ‘global village’. As an unstoppable phenomenon, globalization has impacted on our lives, through increased interconnectedness and interdependency, improved intercultural awareness and greater migration and mobility. Although Globalization theory underpinned this study, Postcolonial theory provided a significant secondary lens to explore the relationship between the UK and the Caribbean, as it critiqued and dissected processes, including the legacy of colonialism and located the continuance of imperialism and imbalances of power. Qualitative methods are used to collect data from secondary-aged pupils, who attend schools in the UK and Tobago, as well as from two Senior Education Officers (Tobago). Findings indicate most respondents believe global school- links encourage the broadening of horizons and increased intercultural dialogue; however, the concept of global citizenship remains abstract and remote.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessing Theories of Global Governance: a Case Study of International Antitrust Regulation
    Columbia Law School Scholarship Archive Faculty Scholarship Faculty Publications 2003 Assessing Theories of Global Governance: A Case Study of International Antitrust Regulation Anu Bradford Columbia Law School, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.columbia.edu/faculty_scholarship Part of the Antitrust and Trade Regulation Commons, and the International Trade Law Commons Recommended Citation Anu Bradford, Assessing Theories of Global Governance: A Case Study of International Antitrust Regulation, STANFORD JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW VOL. 39, P. 207, 2003 (2003). Available at: https://scholarship.law.columbia.edu/faculty_scholarship/1975 This Working Paper is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Publications at Scholarship Archive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Scholarship by an authorized administrator of Scholarship Archive. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Assessing Theories of Global Governance: A Case Study of International Antitrust Regulation ANU PIILOLA* I. INTRODUCTION An effective, legitimate model of global governance must strike a delicate balance between national sovereignty and international cooperation. As such, governance on an international level is a constantly evolving discourse among multiple actors whose respective roles and influence vary across time and policy realms. The participation of multiple actors in global governance is widely recognized, but there is considerable disagreement as to the appropriate distribution of power among these participants and the optimal pattern for their interaction. We may never be able to construct an ideal global governance model. But the attempt to create such a model by examining the current needs of individual nations and the international community in key areas, such as global antitrust regulation, plays a critical role in promoting sound public policy.
    [Show full text]