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Cynodontidae Eigenmann, 1903 - Dogteeth Tetras [=Cynodontinae, Rhaphiodontinae, Hydrolicidi] Notes: Cynodontinae Eigenmann, 1903:147 [Ref

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Cynodontidae Eigenmann, 1903 - Dogteeth Tetras [=Cynodontinae, Rhaphiodontinae, Hydrolicidi] Notes: Cynodontinae Eigenmann, 1903:147 [Ref FAMILY Cynodontidae Eigenmann, 1903 - dogteeth tetras [=Cynodontinae, Rhaphiodontinae, Hydrolicidi] Notes: Cynodontinae Eigenmann, 1903:147 [ref. 1218] (subfamily) Cynodon Rhaphiodontinae Travassos, 1946:8 [ref. 5009] (subfamily) Rhaphiodon Hydrolicidi [Hydrolycidi] Fowler, 1958b:10 [ref. 1470] (tribe) Hydrolycus GENUS Cynodon Spix, in Spix & Agassiz, 1829 - dogteeth tetras, dogtooth characins [=Cynodon Spix [J. B. von], in Spix & Agassiz, 1829:77, Cynodon Cuvier [G.], 1829:312] Notes: [ref. 13]. Masc. Cynodon gibbus Spix & Agassiz, 1829. Type by monotypy. Ken Lazara (pers. comm.) pointed out that this genus dates to Cuvier 1829. In the 1990 edition of the Catalog of Fishes we treated Cynodon as a name first published in synonymy of Rhaphiodon Agassiz, 1829:76 [ref. 13], but later made available back to Agassiz with type as gibbus designated by Eigenmann 1910:444 [ref. 1224]. It is now regarded as first published in Cuvier as a name in synonymy, subsequently made available back to Cuvier 1829 by subsequent use as a valid name. Treated as valid but with different type species and concept -- (e.g., Géry 1986:63 [ref. 6019]). Technically, Cynodon Cuvier is the senior objective synonym of Hydrolycus Müller & Troschel, 1844. Case 3041 [ref. 24268] before the ICZN was settled in Opinion 2012 [ref. 31354]. •Valid, with author as Agassiz 1829 -- (Lucena & Menezes 1998:274 [ref. 23776], Géry et al. 1999:74 [ref. 24114], Toledo-Piza 2000:57 [ref. 24268], ICZN 2002:223 [ref. 31354] with author as Spix). •Valid as Cynodon -- (Mirande 2009:6 [ref. 30267] in Characidae, Cynodontinae, Mirande 2010:480 [ref. 31006]). Current status: Valid as Cynodon Spix & Agassiz, 1829. Cynodontidae (Cynodon) [ref. 995]. Masc. Hydrocynus scomberoides Cuvier, 1816. Type by monotypy. Ken Lazara (pers. comm.) pointed out that this genus dates to Cuvier 1829. In the 1990 edition we treated Cynodon as a name first published in synonymy of Rhaphiodon Agassiz, 1829:76 [ref. 13], but later made available back to Agassiz with type as gibbus designated by Eigenmann 1910:444 [ref. 1224]. It is now regarded as first published in Cuvier as a name in synonymy, subsequently made available back to Cuvier 1829 by subsequent use as a valid name. Treated as valid but with different type species and concept (e.g., Géry 1986:63 [ref. 6019]); technically, Cynodon Cuvier is the senior objective synonym of Hydrolycus Müller & Troschel, 1844. Case 3041 [ref. 24268] before the ICZN was settled in Opinion 2012 [ref. 31354] -- Cynodon Cuvier, 1829 was suppressed both for the principle of priority and hymonymy. •Valid, with author as Spix or Agassiz 1829 -- (Lucena & Menezes 1998:274 [ref. 23776], Toledo-Piza 2000:57 [ref. 24268], Toledo-Piza in Reis et al. 2003:234 [ref. 27061], Oliveira et al. 2011:11 [ref. 31685]). Current status: Synonym of Cynodon Spix & Agassiz, 1829. Cynodontidae Species Cynodon gibbus (Spix & Agassiz, 1829) - Manacapuru dogtooth charcin (autho) [=Rhaphiodon gibbus Spix [J. B. von] & Agassiz [L.], 1829:77, Pl. 27] Notes: [Reise nach Griechenland und der Türkei; ref. 13] Lago Manacapuru, Amazonas State, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Cynodon gibbus (Spix & Agassiz, 1829). Cynodontidae. Distribution: Amazon and Orinoco River basins and rivers of Guyana: Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater. Species Cynodon meionactis Géry et al., 1999 - Antecume dogtooth characin (author) [=Cynodon meionactis Géry [J.], Le Bail [P.-Y.] & Keith [P.], 1999:70, Fig. 1] Notes: [Revue française d'Aquariologie Herpétologie v. 25 (nos 3-4) (for 1998); ref. 24114] Antecume Pata, Upper Maroni above Maripasoula, French Guiana. Current status: Valid as Cynodon meionactis Géry, Le Bail & Keith, 1999. Cynodontidae Distribution: Coastal rivers in French Guiana and Suriname. Habitat: freshwater. Species Cynodon septenarius Toledo-Piza, 2000 - Tefe dogtooth characin (author) [=Cynodon septenarius Toledo-Piza [M.], 2000:65, Fig. 24] Notes: [American Museum Novitates No. 3286; ref. 24268] Rio Tefé, supiã-Pacu, between 3°40" and 4°20'S, 65°50' and 65°10'W, Amazonas, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Cynodon septenarius Toledo-Piza, 2000. Cynodontidae Distribution: Amazon and upper Orinoco River basins and rivers of Guyana: Brazil, Guyana and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater. GENUS Hydrolycus Müller & Troschel, 1844 - dogtooth characins [=Hydrolycus Müller [J.] & Troschel [F. H.], 1844:93] Notes: [ref. 3070]. Masc. Hydrocynus scomberoides Cuvier, 1819. Type by monotypy. •Valid as Hydrolycus Müller & Troschel, 1844 -- (Toledo-Piza et al. 1999:257 [ref. 24227], Toledo-Piza 2000:57 [ref. 24268], Toledo-Piza in Reis et al. 2003:235 [ref. 27061], Mirande 2010:480 [ref. 31006] in Cynodontinae, Oliveira et al. 2011:11 [ref. 31685]). Current status: Valid as Hydrolycus Müller & Troschel, 1844. Cynodontidae Species Hydrolycus armatus (Jardine, in Schomburgk, 1841) - Maipuri dogtooth characin (author) [=Hydrocyon armatus Jardine [W.], in Schomburgk, 1841:249, Pl. 25] Notes: [The Natural history of fishes of Guiana; ref. 18707] Sandbars in vicinity of Maipuri campsite, 4°34'N, 58°35'W, Essequibo River, Guyana. Current status: Valid as Hydrolycus armatus (Jardine, 1841). Cynodontidae Distribution: Amazon and Orinoco River basins and rivers of Guyana: Brazil, Colombia, Guyana and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater. Species Hydrolycus scomberoides (Cuvier, 1819) - payara [=Hydrocyon scomberoides Cuvier [G.], 1819:357, Pl. 27 (fig. 2), Cynodon pectoralis Günther [A.], 1866:30] Notes: [Mémoires du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris (N. S.) (Série A) Zoologie v. 5; ref. 1017] Brazil. Current status: Valid as Hydrolycus scomberoides (Cuvier, 1819). Cynodontidae Distribution: Amazon River basin: Bolivia, Ecuador and Peru. Habitat: freshwater. (pectoralis) [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 3) v. 18 (no. 103) (art. 7); ref. 18187] Upper Amazon River, Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Hydrolycus scomberoides (Cuvier, 1819). Cynodontidae. Habitat: freshwater. Species Hydrolycus tatauaia Toledo-Piza et al., 1999 - Xingu dogtooth characin (author) [=Hydrolycus tatauaia Toledo-Piza [M.], Menezes [N. A.] & Santos [G. M. dos], 1999:263, Figs. 7-8] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 10 (no. 3); ref. 24227] Rio Xingu, Belo Monte, 3°10'S, 51°50'W, Pará, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Hydrolycus tatauaia Toledo-Piza, Menezes & Santos, 1999. Cynodontidae Distribution: Amazon and upper Orinoco River basins and riverso of Guyana: Brazil, Colombia, Guyana and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater. Species Hydrolycus wallacei Toledo-Piza et al., 1999 - Negro dogtooth characin (author) [=Hydrolycus wallacei Toledo-Piza [M.], Menezes [N. A.] & Santos [G. M. dos], 1999:259, Figs. 1a, 2-3] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 10 (no. 3); ref. 24227] Rio Negro, Mandiquié, 0°30'S, 64°30'W, Amazonas, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Hydrolycus wallacei Toledo-Piza, Menezes & Santos, 1999. Cynodontidae Distribution: Negro and upper Orinoco River basins: Brazil and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater. GENUS Rhaphiodon Agassiz, in Spix & Agassiz, 1829 - biaras [=Rhaphiodon Agassiz [L.], in Spix & Agassiz, 1829:59, 76, Camposichthys Travassos [H.], 1946:132 [4], Hydropardus Reinhardt [J. T.], 1851:46, Rhaphiodontichthys Amaral Campos [A.], 1945:473] Notes: [ref. 13]. Masc. Rhaphiodon vulpinus Spix & Agassiz, 1829. Type by subsequent designation. Type designated by Eigenmann 1910:444 [ref. 1224]. Raphiodon is a misspelling. Rhaphiodon is not a replacement name for Cynodon since Cynodon was not an available name at that time. For authorship and date see Kottelat 1988:78 [ref. 13380]. Kottelat's interpretation (p. 83) is regarded as incorrect; see also account of Cynodon Cuvier. Case 3041 [ref. 24268] before the ICZN was settled in Opinion 2012 [ref. 31354]. Cuvier's genus Rhaphiodon was suppressed. •Valid as Rhaphiodon Agassiz, 1829 -- (Géry 1977:299 [ref. 1597], Vari 1983:5 [ref. 5419], Géry 1986:63 [ref. 6019], Taphorn 1992:436 [ref. 23654], Lucena & Menezes 1998:274 [ref. 23776], Britski et al. 1999:68 [ref. 24147], Géry et al. 1999:75 [ref. 24114], Toledo-Piza 2000:69 [ref. 24268], ICZN 2002:223 [ref. 31354], Toledo-Piza in Reis et al. 2003:235 [ref. 27061], Mirande 2009:6 [ref. 30267] in Characidae, Cynodontinae, Mirande 2010:480 [ref. 31006], Oliveira et al. 2011:11 [ref. 31685]). Current status: Valid as Rhaphiodon Agassiz, 1829. Cynodontidae (Camposichthys) [ref. 5009]. Masc. Rhaphiodon gibbus Spix & Agassiz, 1829. Type by original designation (also monotypic). See Koerber 2012:29 [ref. 32090] for a replacement name for Camposichthys Figueiredo & Silva Santos, 1991 (a fossil). •Objective synonym of Cynodon Agassiz, 1829 [or Cuvier] (see account of Cynodon) -- (Taphorn 1992:436 [ref. 23654], Toledo-Piza 2000:57 [ref. 24268], Toledo-Piza in Reis et al. 2003:234 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Rhaphiodon Agassiz, 1829. Cynodontidae (Hydropardus) [ref. 3692]. Masc. Hydropardus rapax Reinhardt, 1851. Type by monotypy. •Synonym of Rhaphiodon Agassiz, 1829 -- (Taphorn 1992:436 [ref. 23654], Toledo-Piza in Reis et al. 2003:235 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Rhaphiodon Agassiz, 1829. Cynodontidae (Rhaphiodontichthys) [ref. 106]. Masc. Rhaphiodon vulpinus Agassiz, 1829. Type by original designation (also monotypic). Misspelled Rhapiodontichthys by Neave in Zoological Record for 1950. •Synonym of Rhaphiodon Agassiz, 1829 -- (Géry 1977:302 [ref. 1597] based on placement of type species, Taphorn 1992:436 [ref. 23654], Toledo-Piza 2000:69 [ref. 24268],
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