Corn. Flicker were seen on 5 of the 6 trips. lar, l/: mi N-S, l/4 mi E-W). Descriptionof Golden-crowned Sparrow, 3, Double- The Red-tailed Hawk was seenon the study Plot: See AB 25:656 (1971). Weather: Mild crested Cormorant, 2 (6, 3); Cinnamon Teal, area 3 times. Black-bellied Plover, Whim- during the survey with a mean high of 70øF 2; Spotted Dove, 2; Tree Swallow, 2; Brown brel, Tree Swallow, Corn. Crow, Starling, and a mean low of 48ø (range 38-89ø). Precipi- Towbee, 2; Great Egret, I (3, 1); Green- and Lesser Goldfinchwere recordedonly at tation totaled 3.55 in., including 2.35 on Jan. winged Teal, 1; Sharp-shinnedHawk, 1, the end of the survey period;but Corn. Crow 28-29. Coverage:Dec. 23; Jan. 14, 20, 26, 29; Red-tailed Hawk, 1; Red-shouldered Hawk, was seen on every trip in adjacent areas. Feb. 4, 11, 16.Eight trips,0700-1130, averag- 1; Am. Kestrel, 1; Caspian Tern, 1; Belted Waterfowl were concentrated on the 40-acre ing 140 min each. Count: White-crowned Kingfisher, 1; Corn. Crow, 1; Yellow- lake. The Falco sp., a Prairie or Peregrine, Sparrow, 68 (210, 85); Yellow-rumped War- rumped Warbler, 1; Black-throated Gray was distantlyseen once. Approximatelyhalf bler, 52 (161, 65); Am. Goldfinch, 42 (130, Warbler, 1; Townsend's Warbler, 1; House the Mallards were wild-type birds while the 53); Bushtit, 36 (111, 45); Cedar Waxwing, Sparrow, 1; Great Blue Heron, +; Green rest were white "Peking" or intermediate 36; House Finch, 31 (96, 29); Anna's Hum- Heron, +; Snowy Egret, +; Am. Bittern, types. The Anna's Hummingbird and Log- mingbird, 21 (65, 26); Am. Wigeon, 20 (62, +; Pintail, +; Ring-neckedDuck, +; White- gerheadShrike were showingsigns ofterrito- 25); Lincoln's Sparrow, 16 (49, 20); Mock- tailed Kite, +; Greater Yellowlegs, +, nahty.•BRAD R. BLOOD, Dept. of Biol- ingbird, 15 (46, 19); Ruby-crownedKinglet, Selasphorussp., +; Corn. Flicker, +, W ogy, Calif. St. Univ., Long Beach, CA 90840, 14 (43, 18); Song Sparrow, 14; Hermit Flycatcher, +; Bewick's Wren, +; Long- and JANET L. VIERHELLER, 5368 La Thrush, 12 (37, 15); Am. Robin, 10 (31, 13); billed Marsh Wren, +; Red-wingedBlack- Pasada St., Long Beach, CA 90815. Lesser Goldfinch, 10; Blue-gray Gnat- bird, +; Brazilian Cardinal, +; Rufous- catcher, 9 (28, 11); Corn. Yellowthroat, 9; sided Towbee, +; Swamp Sparrow, + 82. SUBURBAN NATURE CENTER. -- Mallard, 7 (22, 9); Am. Coot, 7; Orange- AverageTotal: 519 birds (1603/km2, 649/100 Location: California; Los Angeles Co., El crowned Warbler, 7; Fox Sparrow, 7; Gad- acres). Remarks: Total species, 71. On Feb Dorado Nature Center, Long Beach. wall, 5 (15, 6); Scrub Jay, 5; N. Shoveler 4 16, 121Am. Wigeonswere seen, the previous Bounded on N by Spring St., S by Willow (12, 5); Canvasback, 4; Ruddy Duck, 4; high was 6. A group of 12 Tree Swallows St, E by Long BeachTree Farm, W by San Mourning Dove, 4; Pied-billed Grebe, 3 (9, were seen on Feb. 11, the only time they Gabriel River. 33ø47'N, 118ø08'W,Quad- 4); Com. Flicker, 3; Black Phoebe, 3; House were recorded.--BRIAN E. DANIELS, rangle, USGS. Continuity:Established 1971: Wren, 3; LoggerheadShrike, 3; Starling, 3; Dept. of Biol., California St. Univ. and3471 7 years. Size:32.38 ha = 80 acres(rectangu- Purple Finch, 3; Chipping Sparrow, 3; Lama, Long Beach, CA 90808.

Forty-fifth Breeding Bird Census Edited by Willet T. and Aldeen C. Van Velzen List of Censuses State or Hec- Pairs per Hrs. ¾rs of Habitat Province tares sq. km. obs. cies study

A. Eastern--Deciduous Forest

1. Birch-Maple Forest I Nova Scotia 12.8 923 43 25 1 2. Birch-Maple Forest II Nova Scotia 7.2 764 22 13 1 3. Birch-Maple Forest III Nova Scotia 5.6 1128 21 23 1 4. Second-growth Hardwood Forest Connecticut 10.1 988 11 37 15 5. Beech-Maple-Birch Forest New York 20.0 563 47 21 1 6. Beech-Maple Forest New York 6.5 499 7 19 1 7. Young Mixed Forest New York 4.4 589 8 27 5 8. Young Red Maple-Gray Birch Forest New York 8.1 1001 14 31 6 9. Mature DeciduousFloodplain Forest Maryland 7.6 797 27 30 31 10. Mixed Hardwood Forest Maryland 11.3 918 16 45 17 11. Mixed Upland Habitat Dist. of Columbia 14.2 801 26 25 22 12. Beech-Cherry-Basswood West Virginia 6.1 370 8 11 1 13. Black Cherry-Red Maple Forest West Virginia 6.1 288 9 9 1 14. Maple-Beech-BirchForest West Virginia 6.1 445 10 16 1 15. Oak-Maple-Hickory Forest West Virginia 6.1 420 9 13 3 16. Red Oak-Hickory Forest West Virginia 6.1 498 10 20 2 17. Red Oak-Red Maple West Virginia 6.1 461 7 26 3 18. White Oak-Hickory Forest West Virginia 6.1 313 7 10 3 19. Mixed Oak and Pine Forest Virginia 8.1 272 13 18 1 20. Oak-Hickory-Tulip--tree Forest Virginia 13.5 326 18 17 3 21. Upland Oak-Hickory Forest Virginia 11.0 718 66 22 9 22. Floodplain Forest North Carolina 13.0 593 19 27 5 23. Mixed Deciduous Forest North Carolina 8.8 374 28 16 8 24. Mixed Deciduous Forest North Carolina 12.6 526 19 26 6 25. Hardwood Swamp Forest South Carolina 8.1 1476 17 24 2 26. Swamp Hardwood Forest I South Carolina 8.1 1075 24 21 1 27. SwampHardwood Forest II South Carolina 8.1 1174 24 21 1 28. Swamp Hardwood Forest III South Carolina 8.1 1297 24 20 1 29. SwampHardwood Forest IV South Carolina 8.1 1124 24 21 1 30. Virgin Hardwood BottomlandSwamp Forest South Carolina 8.1 741 32 22 2 31. Mature Beech-Magnolia Forest Florida 15.8 530 25 30 2 32. Silver Maple Swamp Ontario 9.9 616 22 31 1 33. Upland Maple Forest Ontario 10.0 350 20 22 1

Volume 36, Number 1 49 State or Hec- Parrs per Hrs Spe- Yrs of Habitat Province tares sq. km. obs. cies study

34. Wooded City Ravine Ontario 20.0 210 20 15 12 35. Elm-Ash-Birch Forest Minnesota 8.7 1172 27 29 2 36. Mature Aspen-Northern Hardwoods Forest Minnesota 13.9 473 18 19 3 37. Mature Birch-Aspen Minnesota 8.1 309 16 13 1 38. Upland Maple-Oak Forest Wisconsin 5.4 269 8 11 5 39. Aspen Clearcut Minnesota 9.9 116 16 10 1 40. Aspen Clearcut Minnesota 10.6 268 18 16 1 41. Aspen Clearcut Michigan 9.0 211 13 14 2 42. Aspen Clearcut Michigan 18.5 279 20 34 3 43. Mature Mixed Hardwood Forest Michigan 9.3 1166 25 28 8 44. Oak-Hickory Forest Illinois 6.0 826 22 22 1 45. Oak-Hickory-Maple Forest Interior Illinois 13.0 247 11 21 6 46. Black Oak-Sassafras Woods Indiana 22.2 108 37 11 8 47. Neotoma Valley Ohio 20.2 460 120 33 4 48. Virgin Beech-Maple Forest Ohio 6.1 1203 13 25 7 49. Ozark Oak-Hickory Forest, SecondGrowth Missouri 7.9 611 25 2

B. Eastern---Coniferous•Decidnous (Mixed)

50. Maple-Pine-Oak Second-growthForest Massachusetts 11.8 377 25 23 6 51. Climax Hemlock-White Pine Forest Connecticut 10.5 965 14 35 15 52. Red Pine Plantation-Climax Hemlock Forest Connecticut 8.1 568 53 30 1 53. White Pine-Hemlock-Northern Hardwoods Forest Connecticut 14.3 352 20 32 2 14.3 511 34 31 3 54. Beech-Spruce-Hemlock Forest New York 23.9 549 44 21 2 55. Beech-Spruce-Maple Forest New York 19.4 511 45 19 2 56. Second-growth Oak-Pine Forest New York 9.3 538 33 14 5 57. Pitch Pine-Scrub Oak Barrens New York 9.7 465 25 5 5 58. Upland Maple-Hemlock Forest New York 10.6 808 20 17 1 59. Upland Mixed Pine-Spruce-HardwoodPlantation New York 16.6 560 20 35 8 60. Mixed Oak-Pine Forest I Pennsylvania 6.0 676 36 29 5 61. Mixed Oak-Pine Forest II Pennsylvania 11.1 493 45 31 5 62. Central Hardwood Forest with Scattered Pine Dist. of Columbia 26.3 177 27 23 24 63. White Pine-Oak Forest West Virginia 6.1 502 9 24 3 64. Mountain Top Habitat Virginia 6.1 264 9 9 1 65. Forested Stream Gorge I Wisconsin 19.4 413 33 38 1 66. Forested Stream Gorge II Wisconsin 19.4 655 33 48 1 67. Forested Stream Gorge III Wisconsin 19.4 856 33 39 1 68. Forested Stream Gorge IV Wisconsin 19.4 800 33 43 1 69. Mature Aspen-Fir Minnesota 11.2 179 18 14 1 70. Mixed SuccessionalAspen-Oak-Conifer Forest Minnesota 8.9 789 32 16 2 71. Mixed Pine-Deciduous Forest Louisiana 8.9 528 16 21 I

C. Eastern---Coniferous

72. Young Spruce Forest Maine 3.2 1035 6 20 4 73. Red Pine Plantation Connecticut 8.5 1100 11 43 4 74. Jack Pine Forest I New York 3.8 454 30 11 75. Jack Pine Forest II New York 9.0 367 30 13 76. Jack Pine Forest III New York 9.0 295 30 14 77. Jack Pine Forest IV New York 9.0 250 30 15 78. Jack Pine Forest V New York 9.0 228 30 15 79. Jack Pine Forest VI New York 9.0 272 30 19 80. Jack Pine Forest VII New York 9.0 306 30 19 81. Mixed Pitch Pine-Jack Pine Forest New York 9.0 306 30 17 82. Upland Scotch Pine Plantation New York 9.3 919 22 26 13 83. Atlantic White Cedar Virginia 6.9 1050 36 20 2 84. Atlantic White Cedar North Carolina 6.9 1057 36 16 2 85. Longleaf Pine Forest South Carolina 8.1 509 16 22 1 86. Mature Longleaf Pine Forest Georgia 20.0 480 22 35 2 87. Cutover Subtropical Slash Pine Forest Florida 20.2 77 24 9 2 88. Virgin Subtropical SlashPine Forest-February Burn Florida 5.8 292 5 12 1 89. Virgin SubtropicalSlash Pine Forest-December Burn Florida 4.4 458 7 10 1 90. Virgin Subtropical Slash Pine Forest-Summer Burn Florida 5.8 275 6 10 1 91. Virgin SubtropicalSlash Pine Forest-UnburnedControl Florida 2.9 137 5 4 l 92. Jack Pine-Black Spruce Forest Michigan 17.5 392 104 20 2

D. Eastern--Mixed Habitat

93. Mixed Upland Habitat and Swamp Connecticut 14.2 226 11 30 14 94. Oak Forest, Pastures and Thickets Connecticut 14.2 611 28 32 3 14.2 466 31 3 95. Upland Brushy Pasture Connecticut 8.5 1083 11 36 15 96. Deciduous Forest with Pond and Brook New Jersey 16.2 327 12 29 18

50 American B•rds, January 1982 State or Hec- Parrsper Hrs Spe- Yrs of Habttat Provtnce tares sq. km. obs. ctes study

97. Brushy Field and Wooded Edge Pennsylvania 7.5 604 14 23 4 98. Red Oak-American Basswood Savannah Ontario 7.5 1242 18 2 99. RegeneratingOld Field Ontario 7.3 1151 24 80 1 100. Urban Park with Pond Ontario 10.9 494 27 26 1 101. Mixed Wetland with Tamarack and Aspen Groves Wisconsin 16.9 756 14 34 5 102. Disturbed Oak-Hickory Forest Ohio 14.2 579 20 37 43 103. Deciduous Clearcut Tennessee 20.2 450 24 21 7 104. Disturbed Mixed--Mesophytic Woodland Ravine Tennessee 9.8 880 18 28 1 105. Mixed---Mesophytic Woods, Fields, and Brush Tennessee 30.0 311 45 38 5 106. SuburbanCemetery Alabama 15.0 601 37 26 3 15.0 541 37 27 4

E. CentralsPrairie

107. Tall Grass Prairie Illinois 12.1 264 10 9 6 108. Kentucky Blue Grass Prairie North Dakota 4.9 113 3 10 10 109. Mixed Prairie I North Dakota 10.0 215 10 17 10 110. Mixed Prairie II North Dakota 6.1 82 3 12 10 111. Mixed Prairie III North Dakota 6.1 74 4 7 10 112. Mixed Prairie IV North Dakota 6.1 98 5 10 10 113. Mixed Prairie V North Dakota 6.1 139 6 11 10 114. Mixed Prairie VIII North Dakota 8.7 69 4 13 6 115. Floodplain TallgrassPrairie Kansas 10.1 297 5 5 8

F. Central--Disturbed Habitat

116. Improved Pasture and Oak-Pine Forest Oklahoma 9.1 774 27 27 3 117. Mixed Habitat-Disturbed Bottomland Oklahoma 40.5 326 37 42 10 118. Oak-Pine Ravine Forest with Clearings Oklahoma 7.4 803 24 22 3

G. Central--Shelter Belts

119. Immature Three-row Belt Minnesota 0.2 3119 4 4 3 120. Immature Four-row Belt Minnesota 0.3 4365 9 6 3 121. Immature Nine-row Belt Minnesota 0.8 1847 10 10 3 122. Mature Three-row Belt Minnesota 0.3 1544 6 3 3 123. Mature Eight-row Belt Minnesota 0.4 5237 11 12 3 124. Mature Five-row Belt Minnesota 0.7 3337 14 8 3 125. Mature Four-row Belt Minnesota 0.7 2801 18 12 3

H. Central--Deciduous

126. River Bottom Forest Manitoba 14.0 379 22 21 5 127. American Elm-Cottonwood-Black Ash Lowland Forest NorthDakota 1.1 961 3 11 1 128. Box-elder-Black Ash-American Elm Lowland Forest NorthDakota 0.8 1112 3 12 1 129. Box-elder-Cottonwood-Elm-Ash Lowland Forest North Dakota 1.3 1351 3 15 1 130. Bur Oak-Green Ash Forest North Dakota 3.2 710 5 10 1 131. Bur Oak-Green Ash Thicket North Dakota 4.4 977 7 17 1 132. Bur Oak-Green Ash-Quaking Aspen Forest North Dakota 3.1 1154 5 22 1 133. Mature Quaking Aspen Forest North Dakota 4.1 754 8 21 1 134. QuakingAspen-Green Ash Forest NorthDakota 4.1 803 7 22 1 135. Black Ash-Quaking Aspen Forest NorthDakota 4.1 519 6 19 1 136. Riparian Willow Shrub NorthDakota 1.3 2008 3 11 1 137. Willow-SaskatoonServiceberry Floodplain Thicket NorthDakota 1.3 2394 6 13 1 138. SaskatoonServiceberry Thicket NorthDakota 1.3 734 3 7 1 139. Oak-Hickory Forest Kansas 8.1 531 26 19 1 140. Oak-Hickory Forest I Kansas 8.1 482 16 19 4 141. Oak-Hickory Forest II Kansas 8.1 346 15 18 4 142. Oak-Hickory Forest III Kansas 8.1 661 24 22 4 143. Oak-Hickory Forest IV Kansas 8.1 531 18 24 4 144. Oak-Hickory Forest V Kansas 8.1 556 25 26 4 145. Oak-Hickory Forest VI Kansas 8.1 531 24 26 4 146. DeciduousFloodplain Forest Oklahoma 6.7 1258 27 24 3

I. WesternsDeciduous

147. Gambel's Oak-Mountain Mahogany Woodland Colorado 18.4 136 30 9 3 148. Scrub Oak-Mountain Mahogany Woodland Colorado 8.0 231 21 13 2 149. Maple-Box-elder Creekbottom Utah 11.1 749 95 15 1 150. Coast Live Oak Riparian Woodland California 6.9 915 36 26 1 151. Creekside Willow Woodland California 6.1 1639 24 23 1 152. Sycamore-Coast Live Oak Riparian Woodland California 7.2 694 67 17 2 153. Willow-Riparian California 3.1 2305 15 15 I

Volume 36, Number 1 51 State or Hec- Parrsper Hrs Spe- Yrs of Ha&tat Provtnce tares sq.kin. obs. ctes study

J. Western•oniferous

154. Burned Pine-Fir Forest California 8.4 213 27 21 1 155. Mature Pine-Fir Forest California 8.4 213 28 15 I

K. Western-•Coniferous-I)eciduous (Mixed)

156. Ponderosa Pine-Scrub Oak Forest Colorado 12.0 225 20 13 2 157. PonderosaPine-Scrub Oak-Mt. MahoganyWoodland Colorado 9.1 395 55 11 15 158. Riparian Woodland-Live Oak-Juniper Arizona 9.2 1872 54 42 2 9.2 1697 36 36 3

L. Western--Mixed Habitat

159. Mountain Meadow and Open ConiferousForest Colorado 13.0 413 101 24 1 160. Urban Cat-tail Marsh and Cottonwood Woodland Colorado 3.5 943 27 16 1 161. Campgroundin Old Orchards Utah 10.1 692 29 21 1 162. Slickrock-PonderosaPine-Pygmy Forest-Chaparral Utah 16.2 306 32 17 2 163. Scattered Mixed Coniferous Forest Oregon 32.4 161 17 II 9 164. Stable Coastal Sand Dunes California 9.4 607 23 11 1 165. Urban Park-Lake, Marsh and Mixed Forest California 5.0 2064 19 20 1 166. Urban Park-Mature Mixed Coniferous Forest California 8.4 764 14 14 1

M. WesternsDesert and Scrub

167. Desertscrub-Riparian Arizona 20.2 410 50 25 1 168. Coastal Sage Scrub I Califorma 8.1 507 18 14 1 169. Coastal Sage Scrub II California 8.1 371 19 13 1 170. Coastal Sage Scrub III California 8.1 253 14 9 1 171. Coastal Scrub California 8.1 575 205 14 9 172. Disturbed Coastal Scrub A Califorma 4.7 607 98 18 9 173. Disturbed Coastal Scrub B California 8.1 587 264 16 10 174. Colorado Desert Floodplain California 20.3 214 15 14 1 175. Palo Verde-ChuparosaDesert Wash California 12.6 441 15 16 1 176. Palo Verde-Cheesebush-ChuparosaDesert Wash California 23.5 359 19 17 1

N. Northern--Tundra and Taiga

177. Inland Coastal Tundra Alaska 100.0 115 275 19 6 178. Wet Coastal Plain Tundra Alaska 110.0 138 776 19 3 179. Aspen Forest Manitoba 16.0 296 22 16 5 180. Low Arctic Tundra Manitoba 16.2 102 8 10 1

O. Wetlands

181. Shrubby Swamp and Spruce Hummocks Connecticut 8.1 2422 14 34 15 182. Cat-tail-Bulrush Swamp New Jersey 5.9 622 16 4 2 183. Freshwater Marsh with Scattered Trees New Jersey 5.0 767 12 7 2 184. Cat-tail Marsh New York 9.7 664 7 21 3 185. Cat-tail Marsh Ontario 7.5 3219 27 9 1 186. CordgrassSalt Marsh I Florida 25.0 120 16 4 1 187. CordgrassSalt Marsh II Florida 25.0 164 16 6 1 188. Gulf Coast Salt Marsh Florida 31.0 213 168 3 2 189. Closed Black Spruce Bog Minnesota 17.5 280 17 12 2 190. Open Black Spruce Bog Minnesota 5.0 300 7 8 2 191. Shrub Swamp Minnesota 12.5 816 14 13 2 192. Open Bog Minnesota 10.0 750. 8 6 2 193. Open Fen Minnesota 15.0 473 14 4 2 194. Tamarack Bog and Hardwood Michigan 8.5 294 8 17 6 195. Bulrush and Cat-tail Marsh in Conifer Forest Montana 40.5 687 37 61 7 196. Wet Meadow with Patchy Willows Oregon 6.0 568 14 13 1 197. Desert Riparian-Freshwater Marsh and Ponds California 15.4 966 25 34 5 198. Restored Coastal Brackish Marsh California 8.2 584 33 7 2

P. F•eids and Cultivated Areas

199. Hay Meadow New York 2.3 434 2 5 1 200. Old Field Habitat New Jersey 7.3 785 12 9 2 201. Abandoned Field I Pennsylvania 6.0 793 79 18 4 202. Abandoned Field II Pennsylvania 4.3 635 45 11 3 203. Old Field Pennsylvania 7.1 422 8 15 8 204. GrasslandMunicipal Airport Louisiana 12.1 412 8 5 1

52 American Birds, January 1982 State or Hec- Parrs per Hrs Spe- Yrs of Habitat Province tares sq. kin. obs. cies study

205. Subirrigated Grassland Nebraska 16.2 130 4 6 1 206. SubirrigatedNative Hay Nebraska 16.2 148 4 7 1 207. Wetland Sedge Meadow Nebraska 16.2 136 5 7 I

Q. Residential

208. Small Town, Residential and Commercial NewBrunswick 50.5 269 23 16 2 209. Village, Residential Ohio 14.2 325 70 14 I

1. BIRCH-MAPLE FOREST I. -- Loca- and-white Warbler, 1; Ovenbird, 2. This Black-and-white Warbler; Ovenbird This tion: Nova Scotia, Kings Co., 44ø50'N, work wasfunded by researchgrants from the work wasfunded by researchgrants from the 64ø44'W. Continuity: New. Size: 12.8 ha. = Canadian Wildlife Service and Dalhousie Canadian Wildlife Service and Dalhousie 31 6 acres.Description of plot: The dominant University, and is part of a larger study in- University, and is part of a larger study in- canopy trees are White Birch (Betula papy- vestigatingthe impactof forestry on breeding vestigatingthe impact of foresty on breeding rtfera), Red Maple (Acer rubrum), and Yel- bird populations--K.H.B. MORGAN, B. bird populations.---K.H. MORGAN, B low Birch (B. allegheniensis).Most promi- FREEDMAN, C. BEA UCHAMP, A. FREEDMAN, C. BEA UCHAMP, A nent in the understory are Red Maple, Am. GREENE, and E. GREENE, Dept. of Biol., GREENE, and E. GREENE, Dept. of Blol , Beech(Fagus grandifolia), Witherod (Vibur- Dalhousie Univ., Halifax, N.S. B3H 4J1. Dalhousie Univ., Halifax, N.S., B3H 4J1 num cassinoides)and Yellow Birch. The ground cover is primarily Bunchberry (Cor- nus canadensis), Wild Sarsaparilla (Aralia 2. BIRCH-MAPLE FOREST II. -- Loca- 3. BIRCH-MAPLE FOREST III. -- Loca- nudicaulis), Hay-scented Fern (Dennstaed- tion: Nova Scotia, Kings Co., 44ø50'N, tion: Nova Scotia, Kings Co., 44ø50'N, tla punctilobula), and Wood Fern (Dryop- 64ø44'W. Continuity: New. Size: 7.2 ha = 64ø44'W. Continuity: New. Size: 5.6 ha = teris spinulosa). A quantitative survey of the 17.8acres. Description of Plot: The dominant 13.8acres. Description of Plot: The dominant vegetation gave the following results: Trees canopy trees are White Birch (Betula papy- canopytrees are White Birch (Betulapapy- 3-1n. diameter and over, based on 15 65.6 x rifera), Red Maple (Acer rubrum), Yellow rifera), Red Maple (Acer rubrum)and Yellow 65 6 ft 2plots, 507/acre; total basal area 106.4 Birch (B. allegheniensis),Am. Beech(Fagus Birch (B. allegheniensis).Most prominentin ft2/acre. Speciescomprising 90% of the total grandifolia) and Sugar Maple (A. sac- the understory are Witherod (Viburnum cas- number of trees, followed by trees/acre, charum). Most prominent in the understory sinoides),Red Maple, Rhodora (Rhododen- relative density (%), basal area in ft2/acre, are Am. Beech,Red Maple, SugarMaple and deron canadense)and SheepLaurel (Kalmla and relative dominance (%): White Birch, White Ash (Fraxinus americana). The angustifolia). The ground cover is primarily 214, 42, 44,100; Red Maple, 139, 27, 31,100; groundcover is primarily Hay-scentedFern Bunchberry (Cornus canadensis), Canada Yellow Birch, 81, 16, 9, 73; Am. Beech, 26, 5, (Dennstaedtia punctilobula), Wild Sar- Blueberry (Vaccinium myrtilloides), Wild 2, 53. Trees by diameter size class:A (3-6 in.) saparilla (Aralia nudicaulis), Wood Fern Sarsaparilla(Aralia nudicaulis)and Sheep 307, 60, 33, 31; B (6-9 in.) 157, 31,43, 40; C (9- (Dryopteris spinulosa) and Red Maple. A Laurel. A quantitative survey of the vegeta- 15 in.) 44, 9, 28, 26; D (15-21 in.) 1, 0.2, 3, 3. quantitative survey of the vegetation gave tion gave the following results: Trees 3-in Shrub stems/acre 4149; ground cover 54%; the following results: Trees 3-in. diameter diameter and over, based on 7 65.6 x 65 6 canopy cover 73%; average canopy height and over, based on 8 square 65.6 x 65.6 ft ft. 2 plots, 474/acre; total basal area 88 6 51 5 ft (range 35-81 ft). Edge: Bordered on all plots, 514/acre; total basalarea 122ft'/acre. ft2/acre. Speciescomprising 90% of the total sidesby similar forest. Topography:Essen- Species comprising90% of the total number number of trees: White Birch, 200, 42, 46, tlally flat. Elevation: 600 ft. Weather: Warm of trees: White Birch, 213, 41, 43, 100; Red 100; Red Maple, 168, 35, 39, 100; Yellow to hot and dry over most of period. Coverage: Maple, 113, 22, 27,100; Yellow Birch, 64, 13, Birch, 86, 18, 12, 71. Trees by diameter class: June l-July 2; between dawn and 12:15 or 7, 75; Am. Beech, 44, 9, 3, 75; and Sugar A (3-6 in.) 300, 63, 33, 37; B (6-9 in.) 148, 31, 19 00-21:30. Total man-hours: 43.4. Census Maple, 44, 9, 9, 75. Trees by diameter size 40, 45; C (9-15 in.) 26, 6, 16, 18. Shrub (territorial males, followed in parenthesesby class: A (3-6 in.) 300, 58, 34, 28; B (6-9 in.) stems/ acre 5136; ground cover 74%; canopy territorialmales per km2 and per 100acres): 153, 30, 46, 38; C (9-15 in.) 59, 12, 37, 30; D cover 66%; average canopy height 46 ft Least Flycatcher, 25.5 (199, 81); Am. Red- (15-21 in.) 2, 0.1, 5, 4. Shrub stems/acre (range 39-64 ft). Edge: Bordered on all sides start, 20.5 (160, 65); Ovenbird, 20 (156, 63); 3224; ground cover 34%; canopy cover 79%; by similar forest. Topography:Essentially Red-eyedVireo, 15(117, 47); Black-throated average canopy height 56 ft (range 35-81 ft). flat. Elevation: 600 ft. Weather: Warm to hot Green Warbler, 9 (70, 28); Black-and-white Edge: Borderedon all sidesby similarforest. and dry over most of period. Coverage:June Warbler, 5 (39, 16); Veery, 4 (31, 13); Hermit Topography:Essentially flat. Elevation:600 l-July 2; between dawn and 1200 or 1900- Thrush, 3 (23, 9); N. Parula, 3; Solitary ft. Weather: Warm to hot and dry over most 2130. Total man-hours: 21.3. Census: Least Vireo, 2; N. Waterthrush, 2; Black-throated of period. Coverage:June l-July 2; between Flycatcher, 12.5 (224, 91); Ovenbird, 10 5 Blue Warbler, 1.5; E. Wood Pewee, 1; Am. dawn and 1215 or 1900-2130. Total man- (188, 76); Am. Redstart, 10.5; Red-eyed Robin, 1; Yellow-rumped Warbler, 1; Com. hours: 22.1. Census:Least Flycatcher, 13 Vireo, 6 (107, 43); Black-and-whiteWarbler, Yellowthroat, 1; Dark-eyed Junco, 1; Yel- (180, 73); Am. Redstart, 10 (139, 56); Oven- 3.5 (63, 25); Black-throatedGreen Warbler, 3 low-bellied Flycatcher, 0.5; TennesseeWar- bird, 9.5 (132, 53); Red-eyed Vireo, 9 (125, (54, 22); Hermit Thrush, 2; Solitary Vireo, 2, bler, 0.5; Chestnut-sidedWarbler, 0.5; Rose- 51); Black-throatedGreen Warbler, 6 (83, N. Waterthrush, 2; Veery, 1.5; N. Parula, breasted Grosbeak, 0.5; White-throated 34); Veery, 2.5; Black-and-white Warbler, 1.5; Black-throated Blue Warbler, I 5, Sparrow, 0.5; Hairy Woodpecker, +; 1.5; N. Parula, 1.5; Hermit Thrush, 1; Am. E. Wood Pewee, 1; Yellow-rumped Warbler, Swalnson'sThrush, +; Canada Warbler, +. Robin, 0.5; Rose-breasted Grosbeak, 0.5; 1; Com. Yellowthroat, 1; Dark-eyed Junco, Total: 25 species; 118 territorial males E. Wood Pewee, +; Swainson'sThrush, +. 1; Yellow-bellied Flycatcher, 0.5, Am (923/km2, 373/acres). Visitors: Ruffed Total: 13 species; 55 territorial males Robin, 0.5; Tennessee Warbler, 0.5; Chest- Grouse, Black-capped Chickadee, White- (764/km •, 309/100 acres). Visitors: Ruffed nut-sided Warbler, 0.5; White-throated Spar- breasted Nuthatch, Mourning Warbler. Re- Grouse, Hairy Woodpecker, Black-capped row, 0.5; Hairy Woodpecker, +; Canada marks: Nests located (6): Least Flycatcher, Chickadee, Chestnut-sided Warbler. Re- Warbler +. Total: 23 species; 63 territorial 1, Wood Pewee, 1; Hermit Thrush, 1; Black- marks: Nests located (3): Wood Pewee; males (1128/km 2, 457/100 acres). Visitors:

Volume 36, Number 1 53 White-breasted Nuthatch, Mourning War- C(23-38cm) 64, 15, 51 2, 32, D(38-53cm) 16, EDT Total man-hours 7 Census: Wood bier, Rose-breasted Grosbeak, Ruffed 4, 28.6, 18; E(53-69 cm) 10, 2, 32, 20; F(69-84 Thrush, 6.5 (100, 40); Red-eyedVireo, 5 (77, Grouse. Remarks: Nests located (3): Least cm) 2, 0.5, 10.5, 7; G(84-102 cm) 0.2, 0.04, 31); E. Wood Pewee, 3 (46, 19); Downy Flycatcher; Hermit Thrush; Ovenbird. This 1.4, 1. Shrubstems/acre 2670; ground cover Woodpecker, 2; House Wren, 2; Cardinal, work was fundedby researchgrants from the 42%; canopy cover 92%; averagecanopy 1.5; Red-tailed Hawk, 1; Com. Flicker, 1, Canadian Wildlife Service and Dalhousie height 19.6m (range3-29 m). Edge:Bordered Hairy Woodpecker, 1; Great Crested Fly- University, and is part of a larger study in- on all sidesby similarforest. Topography: catcher, 1; Blue Jay, 1; Black-cappedChick- vestigatingthe impactof forestryon breeding Moderate slope. Elevation: 550-640 m. adee, 1; White-breastedNuthatch, 1; Gray bird populations.--K.H. MORGAN, B. Weather: Temperatures and precipitation Catbird, 1; Veery, 1; N. Oriole, 1; Scarlet FREEDMAN, C. BEA UCHAMP, A. normal throughoutthe period. Coverage: Tanager, 1; Rose-breasted Grosbeak, 1, GREENE, and E. GREENE, Dept. of Biol., June5-6, 8, 10-12,18, 25, 30; July 1; between Starling, 0.5. Total: 19 species;32.5 ternto- Dalhousie Univ., Halifax, N.S. B3H 4J1. dawn and 1130. Total man-hours: 47. Census: rial males (499/km 2, 202 / 100 acres) Visitors: Red-eyedVireo, 34 (170, 69); Am. Redstart, Am. Kestrel, Mourning Dove, Brown 4. SECOND-GROWTH HARDWOOD 24 (120, 49); Least Flycatcher, 11.5(58, 23); Creeper, Am. Robin, Cedar Waxwing, FOREST. -- Location: Connecticut; Litch- Black-throatedBlue Warbler, 10 (50, 20); House Sparrow, Com. Grackle, Brown- field Co., White Memorial Foundation,Mor- Ovenbird, 6 (30, 12); Black-throatedGreen headed Cowbird. Remarks: Wood Thrush, ns, 41ø42'26"N, 73ø12'22"W, Litchfield Warbler, 5 (25, 10);Veery, 4.5 (23, 9); Scarlet Red-eyed Vireo, and E. Wood Pewee ter- Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity:Established Tanager,3 (15, 6); Yellow-belliedSapsucker, ritories were distributedthroughout the plot 1965, 15 intermittent years. Size: 10.1 ha = 2; Rose-breasted Grosbeak, 2; Ruffed The single Red-tailed Hawk, Great Crested 25 acres. Description of Plot: See AFN 19: Grouse, 1; Hairy Woodpecker, 1; E. Wood Flycatcher, White-breasted Nuthatch, and 590-591(1965). Coverage:Apr. 9; June2, 5, 9- Pewee, 1; Olive-sided Flycatcher, 1; Black- Scarlet Tanager males apparently each 11 Total man-hours: 11. Census:Ovenbird, capped Chickadee, 1; White-breasted utilized most or all of the plot. The Veery was 15 (148, 60); Veery, 10 (99, 40); Red-eyed Nuthatch, 1; Winter Wren, 1; WoodThrush, largely limited to one of the wetter portions Vireo, 9 (89, 36); Black-cappedChickadee, 5 1;Black-and-white Warbler, 1; Blackburnian of the plot with manyfallen trees.The Brown (49, 20); Black-and-whiteWarbler, 5; Scarlet Warbler, 1; Downy Woodpecker,0.5. Total: Creeper was singing but observed only Tanager, 5; Chestnut-sidedWarbler, 4 (40, 21 species;112.5 territorial males(563/km 2, once.--L YNN BRABAND, Rochester, New 16), Corn. Yellowthroat, 4; Corn. Flicker, 3 228/100 acres). Visitors: Broad-winged York. (30, 12); Tufted Titmouse, 3; White-breasted Hawk, Ruby-throated Hummingbird, Nuthatch, 2.5; Wood Thrush, 2.5; Rose- Pileated Woodpecker, Blue Jay, Brown 7. YOUNG MIXED FOREST. -- Location: breasted Grosbeak, 2.5; Downy Wood- Creeper, Am. Robin, Hermit Thrush, Swain- New York; St. Lawrence Co., 0.25 mi E of pecker, 2; E. Wood Pewee, 2; Blue Jay, 2; son's Thrush, Cedar Waxwing, Solitary Howardville Rd., 0.25 mi SW of Rte 68, Gray Catbird, 2; Blue-grayGnatcatcher, 2; Vireo, Chestnut-sided Warbler, Canada 44ø33'N, 75ø03'W, Pierrepont Quadrangle, Brown-headed Cowbird, 2; Cardinal, 2; Warbler, White-throatedSparrow. Remarks: USGS. Continuity:Established 1976; 5 inter- Corn Crow, 1.5; Wood Duck, 1; Broad- Nests found: Yellow-bellied Sapsucker, mittent years. Size: 4.4 ha = 10.9 acres winged Hawk, 1; Hairy Woodpecker, 1; Hairy Woodpecker, Downy Woodpecker, Description of Plot: See AB 32:74 (1978) Great Crested Flycatcher, 1; Brown Red-eyedVireo, ScarletTanager. This study Weather: Warm and dry from May 12to June Creeper, 1; House Wren, 1; Am. Robin, 1; wasconducted at the AdirondackEcological 22; mean min. daily temp. 49.2øF (9.6øC), La Waterthrush, 1; CanadaWarbler, 1; Am. Center, SUNY College of Environmental mean max. daily temp. 70. IøF (21.2øC); total Redstart, 1; N. Oriole, 1; Rufous-sidedTow- Science and Forestry, Newcomb, NY.-- precipitation 4.56 in. (11.7 cm). Coverage: hee, 1, Ruffed Grouse, 0.5; Barred Owl, 0.5; SAM DROEGE, BARR Y R. NOON, ROBIN May 1, 17, 23-24, 27; June 3, 5, 15, 28; 0450- E Phoebe,0.5; SongSparrow, 0.5. Total: 37 A. BINGHAM, and DEANNA K. DAW- 0800, EST. Total man-hours: 8. Census: species; 100 territorial males (988/km 2, SON, Migratory Bird and Habitat Research NashvilleWarbler, 4 (91,37); Field Sparrow, 400/100acres). Remarks: Density increased Laboratory, U.S. Fish and WildlifeScience, 2; White-throatedSparrow, 2; Black-capped by 9 5 males or 10%. Rufous-sidedTowhee Laurel, MD 20708. Chickadee, 1.5; Black-and-white Warbler, declinedby 6, the singleBlue-winged War- 1.5; Corn. Yellowthroat, 1.5; Rufous-sided bler disappeared,but basicallyno surprising Towhee, 1.5; Song Sparrow, 1.5; Ruffed changesor new species.Gypsy moth cater- 6. BEECH-MAPLE FOREST. -- Loca- Grouse, 1; Gray Catbird, 1; Am. Robin, 1, pillar infestation was significant. Brown- tion: New York; Monroe Co., North Chili, Wood Thrush, 1; Veery, 1; Red-eyedVireo, headed Cowbirds more conspicuousthan 43ø08'N, 77ø48'W. Continuity: New. Size: 1; Golden-winged Warbler, 1; Chestnut- usual ---ANDREW MAGEE, 34 Hobson St., 6.52 = 16.1 acres (rectangular, 975 x 720 ft, sided Warbler, 1; Ovenbird 1; Rose-breasted Sprtngfield, MA 01109. E boundary irregular in shape, paced with Grosbeak, 1; Mourning Dove, 0.5; Black- compass).Description of Plot: Canopyvaried billed Cuckoo, q-; Whip-poor-will, q-; Com 5. BEECH-MAPLE-BIRCH FOREST. -- from largely closed to semi-open. Species Flicker, +; Great Crested Flycatcher, +, Locahon:New York; EssexCo., on slopeof composition:60% Am. Beech (Fagus gran- Blue Jay, q-; Yellow Warbler, q-; N. Oriole, Gooseberry Mountain; 44ø03'N, 74ø14'W, difolia), 20% Red Maple (Acer rubrum), 10% q-; Brown-headed Cowbird, q-. Total: 27 Santanoni Quadrangle, USGS. Continuity: Sugar Maple (A. saccharum), 10% other species; 26 territorial males (589/km 2, New Size:20 ha = 49.4 acres(400 x 500 m; species. Beech and Sugar Maple dominated 239/100 acres). Visitors: Am. Kestrel, Corn complete50 m, partial25 m grid). Description drier portionswhile Red Maple was common Crow, Am. Goldfinch. Remarks: Nests of Plot: The forest is almostentirely decidu- on wet sites. Herbaceousground cover and located: Mourning Dove, Am. Robin, Song ous, unusual for this region of New York. understorysaplings were relatively sparsein Sparrow. KENNETH L. CROWELL, The dominantcanopy trees are Am. Beech the beech stands but thick in Red Maple Dept. of Biol., St. Lawrence Univ., Canton, (Fagus grandifolia), SugarMaple (Acer sac- stands.Stems of mature trees were up to 60 ft NY 13617. charum), and Yellow Birch (Betula al- tall, averaged1 ft dbh, and averagedabout 30 leghaniensis).Most prominentin the under- ft apart. The NW corner containeda portion story are Beech and Sugar Maple. The of a shrubbyglade with Reed Canary Grass 8. YOUNG RED MAPLE-GRAY BIRCH groundcover is primarily SugarMaple seed- (Phalaris arundinacea). Edge: Tract FOREST. -- Location: New York: St. Law- lingsand ferns (Dryopteris spp.). A quantita- bounded on the S, N, and W by similar rence Co., 4 mil NE of Waddington at Coles tive surveyof the vegetationgave the follow- forest, and on the E by a woodlandcomposed Creek, 44ø53'N, 75ø07'W, Louisville Quad- lng Trees 3 cm diameter and over, based on of young, dense Burr Oak (Quercus mac- rangle, USGS. Continuity:Established 1976, 52 0 1-acrecircular samples,431/acre; total rocarpa), Red Maple, and elm (Ulmus sp.). A 6 consecutiveyears. Size:8.1 ha = 20 acres basalarea 159.8ft2/acre. Species comprising shrubby glade abuts the NW corner, and Descriptionof Plot: See AB 31:31 (1977) at least 90% of the total number of trees: Am. shrubbyfields run parallelto andabout 100 ft Weather: A wet season.Coverage: June 1-2, Beech, 245, 57, 34, 98; SugarMaple, 60, 14, out from the S boundary.Topography: Basic- 4, 7, 10, 13, 16, 18, 22; July 1; 0440-2100, 37, 98, Yellow Birch, 49, 11, 11, 67; dead ally fiat but the S half is higherand drier than EDT. Total man-hours: 14. Census:Veery, trees, 43, 10, 9, 98. Trees by diameter size the N half. Standingwater was not present 17 (210, 85); Am. Redstart, 6 (74, 30); Yellow class S(3-8 cm) 166, 39, 4.3, 3; A(8-15 cm) during most of the study period. Coverage: Warbler, 5 (62, 25); N. Oriole, 5; Am. Robin, 98, 23, 9.8, 6; B(15-23 cm) 73, 17, 21.9, 14; June 3, 15, 18, 24, 28; July 4; 0545-0715, 4 (49, 20); Corn. Yellowthroat, 4; Corn. Flick-

54 AmericanBirds, January 1982 er, 3 (37, 15), Gray Catbird, 3, Red-eyed mentionedin 1980 and previousreports this min. series USGS. Continuity: Established V•reo, 3; Warbling Vireo, 3; Com. Grackle, seems to be a part of a decrease in forest- 1959; 22 consecutive years. Size: 14.2 ha = 3, Rose-breastedGrosbeak, 3; Song Spar- nestingneo-tropical migrants which has also 35 acres. Descriptionof Plot: See AFN 14 row, 3; Least Flycatcher, 2; Cedar Waxwing, occurred in other long-term censuses.--J.R. 502-503 (1960). Weather: Temperature 50- 2, Ovenbird, 2; Red-winged Blackbird, 2; GAUTHEY, JOAN H. CR1SWELL (com- 85øF, average 70ø. On the 13 trips; 8 were White-throated Sparrow, 2; Great Crested piler), 3519 Jermantown Road, Fairfax, VA clear, 5 partly cloudy, with wind calmon 9, 7- Flycatcher, 1; E. Wood Pewee, 1; Blue Jay, 22030. 10 mph on the other 3. Coverage:Apr. 11,26, 1, Black-capped Chickadee, 1; Wood May 3, 16-17, 24; June 7, 19, 21, 28-29, from Thrush, 1; Black-and-white Warbler, 1; 10. MIXED HARDWOOD FOREST. -- 0840-2100. Total man-hours 25.5. Census: Nashville Warbler, 1; Purple Finch, 1; Location: Maryland; Calvert Co., NW of Veery, 23 (162, 66); Cardinal, 17 (120, 49), Swamp Sparrow, 1; Green-wingedTeal, +; Plum Point and one mi inland from Gray Catbird, 13 (92, 37); Carolina Chick- Hairy Woodpecker, +; Downy Woodpeck- ChesapeakeBay on Tobacco Road between adee, 11 (78, 31); Blue Jay, 8 (56, 23); Tufted er, + ;N. Waterthrush, +. Total: 31 species; Routes 263 and 261. Continuity:Established Titmouse, 8; Carolina Wren, 6 (42, 17), 81 territorial males (1001/kin2, 405/100 1960; 17 intermittent years. Size: 11.3 ha = Wood Thrush, 5.5 (39, 16); Red-belhed acres). Visitors: Corn. Loon, Great Blue 28 acres.Description of Plot: SeeAFN 13:333 Woodpecker, 3 (21, 9); Corn. Crow, 3, Am Heron, Mallard x Black Duck, Am. Wigeon, (1959). Weather: Except for 3, the counts Robin, 3; Red-eyed Vireo, 3; Rufous-slded Broad-winged Hawk, Killdeer, Ring-billed were made on clear days, and high tempera- Towhee, 3; Downy Woodpecker, 2; Screech Gull, Chimney Swift, Belted Kingfisher, E. tures varied between 60-90øF. The creek Owl, 1; Corn. Flicker, 1; PileatedWoodpeck- K•ngbird, Alder Flycatcher, Barn Swallow, flowed and the low area was wet until the last er, 1; Mockingbird, 1; Starling, 1; Rock Purple Martin, Corn. Crow, House Wren, trip when both were dry. Coverage:Apr. 27, Dove, q-; E. Wood Pewee, +; White- Brown Thrasher, Starling, Brown-headed 30; May 2, 9, 16, 23, 26; June 4, 7, 18, 24, 29. breasted Nuthatch, +; Ovenbird, +; House Cowbird, Am. Goldfinch. Remarks: Along The 12 trips averaged82 minutesand started Sparrow, q-; Corn. Grackle, q-. Total: 25 with rain, the water level in this area was between 0555-1036. Census:Red-eyed Vireo, species; 113.5 territorial males (801/km •, rinsedby the Moses SaundersDam in the St, 15 (132, 54); Hooded Warbler, 12 (106, 43); 324/100 acres). Visitors: Chimney Swift, Lawrence River, 18 mi to the E.--J. VAN Rufous-sidedTowhee, 9 (79, 32); White-eyed Great Crested Flycatcher, House Wren, Am R1ET, 26 Williams St., Massena NY 13662. Vireo, 8 (71, 29); Corn. Yellowthroat, 6 (53, Redstart, N. Oriole, Am. Goldfinch, Song 21); Wood Thrush, 5 (44, 18); Yellow- Sparrow. Remarks: Coverage was next to the breasted Chat, 5; Cardinal, 5; Mourning lowest in the 23 years of the census, and Dove, 4 (35, 14); Tufted Titmouse, 4; Ken- while numbers of common, conspicuous tucky Warbler, 4; Indigo Bunting, 4; birds remain about the same as in recent 9. MATURE DECIDUOUS FLOODPLAIN Carolina Wren, 3 (26, 11); Ovenbird, 3; Scar- years, numberof speciesis down, and some FOREST. -- Location: Maryland; Montgom- let Tanager, 3; Bobwhite, 2; Red-bellied listed as visitors might have proved to be ery Co., Glen Echo, 2.5 mi NW of the Dis- Woodpecker,2; AcadianFlycatcher, 2; Pine territorial with 1 or 2 more observations No tnct of Columbia,between the C. & O. Canal Warbler, 2; Am. Woodcock, 1; Blue Jay, 1; changes in weather or the area and its sur- and the Potomac River, 38ø58øN,77ø8'30"W, E. Wood Pewee, 1; Carolina Chickadee, 1; roundingsoccurred to explain a down trend Falls Church Quadrangle, USGS. Con- Louisiana Waterthru sh, 1; Summer Tanager, The largest drop was in towhees, from 11 to tinuity: Established 1947; 31 intermittent 1; Green Heron, +; Red-tailed Hawk, +; 3, but they tend to go up and down that much years. Size:7.6 ha = 18.75acres. Description Red-shoulderedHawk, +; Corn. Flicker, +; from year to year. Two nest holes were of Plot: See AFN 1:212-213 (1947). Weather: PileatedWoodpecker, +; Hairy Woodpeck- noted, for Carolina Chickadee and Corn Average temperaturewas 65øF. Weather was er, q-; Downy Woodpecker,q-; E. Kingbird, Flicker. Both Red-belliedand Downy Wood- generallyfair with no extremestorm or flood +; Great Crested Flycatcher, +; Corn. peckers were down; in the past 5 years, Red- conditions.Coverage: Apr. 4, 11, 25; May 3, Crow, +; Gray Catbird, +; Brown bellies have had7, 7, 6.5, 6.5, to 3 territories, 9, 24-25; June 6, 13, 21; July 5; 0500-1300, Thrasher, +; Blue-gray Gnatcatcher, +; and Downies from the former 6 level; 6, 3 5, EST. Total man-hours: 27. Census:Starling, Yellow-throated Vireo, +; N. Parula, +; 3, 3, 2. It cannot be from competition with 10 (132, 53); Cardinal, 4 (53, 21); Red-eyed Prairie Warbler, +; Am. Redstart, +; Com. Starlings, since these continue their decline V•reo, 4; Downy Woodpecker, 3 (40, 16); Grackle, +; Brown-headed Cowbird, +; from 25 in 1970 to I now.--SH1RLEY A AcadianFlycatcher, 3; CarolinaChickadee, Field Sparrow, q-. Total: 45 species; 104 BR1GGS (compiler), OLIVE HOLBROOK, 3, Tufted Titmouse, 3; Blue-gray Gnat- territorial males (918/km 2, 371/ 100 acres). GT. and SUSAN HUNT, 7605 Honeywell catcher, 3; Great Crested Flycatcher, 2; Red- Remarks:The 25 speciesconsidered to be on Lane, Bethesda, MD 20814. bellled Woodpecker, 2; Carolina Wren, 2; N. territory (1 or more pairs)this year were the Parula, 2; Brown-headed Cowbird, 2; Pro- lowest yet recorded. In contrast,the total of 12. BEECH-CHERRY-BASSWOOD. -- thonotary Warbler, 1.5; Mallard, 1; Wood 20 visitors was the greatest yet recorded. Location,West Virginia; PocahontasCo, 10 Duck, 1; Barred Owl, 1; Ruby-throated Last year's 29 specieswere the lowest up to mil NW of Marlinton; 38ø18'47"N, Hummingbird, 1; Com. Flicker, 1; Pileated that time. The 21-year averageof 35 remains 80ø12'56"W,Woodrow Quadrangle, USGS Woodpecker, 1; Hairy Woodpecker, 1; E. unchangedfrom last year. However, the ter- Continuity: New. Size: 607 ha = 15 acres Wood Pewee, 1; White-breasted Nuthatch, ritoriai males increasedfrom last yeaifs all- (rectangular 110 x 660 yds, length meas- 1, Brown Creeper, 1; Veery, 1; Warbling time low of 89 to 104. The 21-year average ured, width estimated). Descriptionof Plot: Vireo, 1; Yellow-throated Warbler, 1; Am. showed a further drop from 210 last year to The dominant canopy trees are Am. Beech Redstart, 1; N. Oriole, 1; Song Sparrow, 1. 205. The 5 most numerous specieswere the (Fagus grandifolia), Black Cherry (Prunus Total: 30 species;60.5 territorial males or same as last year. The Red-eyed Vireo was serotina) and Am. Basswood (Tilia amert- females (797/km 2, 323/100 acres). Visitors: again first and increasedby one territory. cana). Prominent in the understory are Yellow Warbler, Com. Yellowthroat, Indigo The Hooded Warbler was second for the first Striped Maple (Acer pensylvanicum) and Bunting. Remarks. Nests located: Starling, time, and its territories showed a marked seedlingsof the canopy species.The ground 10; 1 each for Mallard, Pileated Woodpecker, increase from 6 to 12, which matched the cover is primarily Wood Nettle (Laportea Carolina Chickadee, Tufted Titmouse, averageof the first 10 years. This specieshas canadensis), Blue Cohosh (Caulophyllum Brown Creeper, Cardinal. The totals for increased well after a low of 2 territories in thalictroides)and many speciesof ferns The species and territories are higher than last 1975. The White-eyed Vireo rose from 5 to 8 vegetation consists of: Trees 3 in. diameter year (30 as compared with 26 and 60.5 as territories,the highestever for this species; and over 283/acre; total basal area 179 comparedwith 49.5 in 1980). The increasein and it was fourth in number of territories. ft • /acre. Speciescomprising 97% of the total species was caused by the appearance of There were no notable 1osses.--JOHN H. number of trees: Am. Beech, 45, 16, 27 7, Mallard, Hairy Woodpecker and Ruby- FALES, 2809 Ridge Road, Neeld Estate, 100;Black Cherry, 25, 9, 20.0, 75; Am Bass- throated Hummingbird and by the Veery Huntingtown, Md. 20639. wood, 40, 14, 18.3, 75; Sugar Maple (A which had not nested since 1973. Although saccharum), 42, 15, 10.9, 100; Sweet Buck- total territories increased in 1981, this did not 11. MIXED UPLAND HABITAT. -- Loca- eye (Aesculus octandra), 15, 5, 6.3, 100, revolve any significantchanges in the down- tion: District of Columbia, the central third of Cucumber (Magnolia acuminata), 20, 7, 5, 5 ward trend of the Acadian Flycatcher, Red- Glover-Archbold Park, 38ø55'N, 77ø05'W, 50; Yellow Birch (Betula lutea), 28, 10, 3 5, eyed Vireo, N. Parula, or Am. Redstart. As WashingtonW Quadrangle,DC-MD-VA, 7.5 50; Red Maple (A. rubrum), 25, 9, 2 2, 75

Volume 36, Number 1 55 Trees by diameter size class A (3-6 in ) 127, Brown-headedCowblrd, Am Goldfinch Re- hshed 1966, 3 •ntermlttent years See AFN 45, 12 7, 7.1; B (6-9 in.) 37, 13.2, 15.5, 8.7;C marks: The age of the trees in the plot ap- 20:613-614 (1966) and 25:974 (1971). Size: (9-15•n ) 77, 27.4, 59.5, 33.3; D (15-21in.) 27, peared to be between 50-60 years old, a take- 6.07 ha = 15 acres. Descriptionof Plot: A 9 7, 49 5, 27.8; E (21-27) 12, 3.5, 31, 17.4; F over of former grazingland presumedby the mature forest from which considerable oak (27-33) 2.5, 1, 10, 5.3. Shrub stems/acre presence of old fencing.--K. ANDERSON, and hickory was removed in the late sixties 7200, groundcover 57%; canopycover 70% E.D. CHANDLER, G. HURLEY, G. and early seventies. The new growth xs average canopy height 82 ft (range 77-88). KOCH, N. LAITSCH, B. SMITH and E.R. primarily Sugar Maple (Acer saccharum) al- Edge:Bordered on all sidesby similarforest. CHANDLER (compiler), Brooks Bird Club, though oaks still predominate.Prominent in Topography:Centerline follows a loggingac- 707 WarwoodAvenue, Wheeling, WV26003. the understory are Sassafrasalbidum, Sour- cess road. Elevation: 3400 to 3600 ft. on the wood (Oxydendrum arboreum), Vaccinium E-facing sideof Black Mountain. Coverage: sp., and seedlingsof the canopyspecies. The June I 1-14; between dawn and 0800 or 1800- 14. MAPLE-BEECH-BIRCH FOREST. ground cover is primarily Hairy Disporum 2000. Total man-hours: 8. Census: Black- -- Location:West Virginia; PocahontasCo.; (Disporum lanuginosum), Black Cohosh throated Green Warbler, 6 (99, 40); Black- in the Handley State Hunting and Fishing (Cimicifuga racemosa), and several ferns throated Blue Warbler, 5 (82, 33); Red-eyed Area, 8 mi NW from Marlinton; 38ø18'54"N, The resultsof a vegetationsurvey are: Trees Vireo, 4 (66, 27), Wood Thrush, 2; Veery, 2; 80ø11'24"W,Woodrow Quadrangle, USGS. 3-in. dia. and over 207/acre; total basalarea Dark-eyed Junco, 2; Solitary Vireo, l; Scar- Extends NE. Continuity: New. Size: 6.07 ha 94 ft2/acre. Species comprising98% of the let Tanger, 0.5; Blue Jay, +; White-breasted = 15 acres (rectangular, 110 x 660 yds, total number of trees; Red Oak (Quercus Nuthatch, +. Total: 10 species;22.5 territo- length measured,width estimated.Descrip- rubra), 28, 14, 33, 100;White Oak (Q. alba), rial males or females (370/km:, 150/100 tion of Plot: A mature forest last cut about 48, 23, 32, 83; Sugar Maple, 69, 33, 16, 100, acres) Remarks: This study is an area of 1935. The dominant trees are Sugar Maple Flowering Dogwood(Cornusflorida), 45, 22, mature timber inside an extensive forest of (Acer saccharum) and Am. Beech (Fagus 8, 83; PignutHickory (Carya glabra), 12, 5, similar habitat. The variety and number of grandifolia).Prominent in the understoryare 11, 50. Trees by diametersize class:A (3-6 speciesare a verification of the homogeneity Striped Maple (A. pensylvanicum), Spice- in.) 118,56, 12, 13; B (6-9in.) 52, 25, 15, 16,C of the plot and the maturity of the forest.- bush(Lindera benzoin), and seedlingsof the (9-15 in.) 17, 8, 13, 14; D (15-21in.) 15, 7, 27, BROOKS BIRD CLUB, 707 Warwood Ave- canopy species. The varied ground cover 29; E (21-27in.) 3, 2, 10, 11;F (27-33in.) 3, 2, nue, Wheeling, WV 26003. includes Canada Mayflower (Maianthemum 16, 17. Shrub stems5300/acre; groundcover canadense), Mountain Wood Sorrel (Oxalis 31%; canopy cover 78%; average canopy montana), violets (Viola sp.), ferns and Ly- height 75 ft (range 58-93). Edge:Forest con- 13. BLACK CHERRY-RED MAPLE copodium sp. The results of a vegetation tinues on all sides. Topography:The cen- FOREST. -- Location: West Virginia; survey are: Trees 3 in. diameter and over terline trial follows a narrow ridge at eleva- Pocahontas Co; 4 mi W of Edray; 272/acre; total basal area 321 ft2/acre. tion 2700 ft. The sides are from 10-50 ft lower 38ø 18' 37"N; ;80ø 11 '08"W, Edray Quadrangle, Speciescomprising 93% of the total number than the centerline. Weather: Generally USGS Continuity:New. Size: 6.07 ha = 15 of trees: Sugar Maple, 40, 15, 29, 50; Red foggy with rain during the early part of the acres (rectangular, 110 x 660 yds measured Maple (A. rubrum), 18, 7, 3, 50; Am. Beech, week; warm and sunnyfor the last 2 days longitudinally and estimated laterally). De- 92, 34, 24, 83; Yellow Birch (Betula lutea), Coverage:May 30-June3; betweendawn and scription of Plot: A forested section of the 20, 7, 7, 83; Black Birch (B. lenta), 22, 8, 6, 0800, plus 4 mid-morningtrips and 2 evening Handley PublicHunting Area near the camp- 50; Hemlock (Tsuga canadensis),32, 12, 5, trips (13 trips). Total party-hours:9. Census: lng ground. The dominant canopy trees are 67; Black Cherry (Prunus serotina), 15, 5, 7, Red-eyed Vireo, 6 (99, 40); Cerulean War- Black Cherry (Prunusserotina) and Red Ma- 67; deadtrees, 13, 5, 4, 67. Trees by diameter bler, 4 (66, 27); Wood Thrush, 4; Ovenbird, 3 ple (Acer rubrum). Most prominent in the size class: A (3-6 in.) 72, 26, 7, 2; B (6-9 in.) (49, 20); Scarlet Tanager, 2; Black-throated understory are: Witch Hazel (Hamamelis 48, 18, 14, 4;C (9-15 in.) 75, 28, 61, 19;D(15- Green Warbler, 2; Black-and-white Warbler, vtrgtntana), Serviceberry (Amelanchier 21 in.) 40, 15, 72, 22; E (21-27 in.) 23, 8, 73, 1.5; E. Wood Pewee, 1; Am. Redstart, 1, laevts) and saplings of canopy trees. The 23; F (27-33 in.) 3, 1, 16, 5; G (33-40 in.) 5, 2, Great Crested Flycatcher, 1; Red-bellied ground cover: Hay-scented and New York 36, 11; H (41 in.) 5, 2, 46, 14. Shrub stems/ Woodpecker, +; Tufted Titmouse, +, ferns and violets (Viola sp.). Results of the acre 7550; ground cover 52%; canopy cover Brown-headed Cowbird +. Total: 13 quantitativesurvey of vegetation:Trees 3 in. 87%; averagecanopy height87 ft. (range76- species; 25.5 territorial males (420/km2, diameter and over based on six 0.1 acre 98). Topography:Centerline level at eleva- 170/100 acres). Visitors: Ruffed Grouse, Yel- circular samples, 402/acre; total basal area tion 3150ft. Three ravines 10-15ft deepcross low-billed Cuckoo, Pileareal Woodpecker, 159 ft2/acre. Speciescomprising 96% of the the plot. Maximum fall across plot 25 ft. Downy Woodpecker, Blue Jay, Cedar Wax- total number of trees: Black Cherry, 83, 21, Edge:Forest continues on all sides.Weather: wing, Black-capped Chickadee, Solitary 37, 83, Red Maple, 200, 50, 37, 50; Yellow Clear, warm 2 days, cloudy 2 days, rain but Vireo, Yellow-throated Vireo, Rose- Birch (Betula lutea), 25, 6, 4.0, 50; Black not during censushours. Coverage:June ! 1- breasted Grosbeak.--G.F. HURLEY, M Birch (B. lenta), 7, 2, 5, 50; Am. Beech 14; 12 trips between dawn and 0830. Total KIFF, E. and W. THOMPSON, C. CON- (Fagus americana), 22, 5, 3, 50; Quaking party-hours: 10. Census:Red-eyed Vireo, 6 RAD, L. HARPER, D. NEMANICH, E Aspen (Populus tremuloides) 15, 4, 5, 33; (99, 40); Black-throated Green Warbler, 3 ZIMMERMAN, and K.H. ANDERSON Hemlock (Tsuga canadensis), 12, 3, 4, 50. (49, 20); Wood Thrush, 2.5; Ovenbird, 2.5; (compiler). Brooks Bird Club, 707 Warwood Trees by diameter size class:A (3-6 in.) 168, Black-cappedChickadee, 2; Magnolia War- Ave., Wheeling, WV26003. 42, 17, 11; B (6-9 in.) 135, 34, 41, 26; C (9-15 bler, 2; Scarlet Tanager, 2; BlackburnJan in ) 85, 21,68, 43; D (15-21 in.) 7, 2, 18, 11; E Warbler, 1.5; Acadian Flycatcher, 1; Veery, (21-27 in.) 7, 2, 16, 10. Shrub stems/acre: 1; Solitary Vireo, 1; Black-throated Blue 16. RED OAK-HICKORY FOREST. -- 3417,ground cover 65%; canopycover 90%; Warbler, 1; Louisiana Waterthrush, 1; E. Location: West Virginia; Greenbrier Co.; 3 averagecanopy height 60 ft (range 50-71 ft). Wood Pewee, 0.5, Downy Woodpecker, +; mi NE from Anthony; 32ø54'58"N, Edge: Bordered on all sides by similar Brown-headed Cowbird, +. Total: 16 80ø17'29"W, Anthony Quadrangle, USGS habitat Topography:Fairly level, extending species; 27 territorial males (445/km 2, Continuity:Established 1971; 2 intermittent NE from 3160-3200 ft. Weather: Clear with 180/100 acres). KEN ANDERSON, years. Size:6.07 ha = 15acres. Description of somefog and intermittent light rain. Cover- LIBBY CHANDLER, GEORGE HURLEY Plot: See AB 25:973 (1971). Previously pub- age:June 10-14,between dawn and 0830plus (compiler), Brooks Bird Club, 707 Warwood lished under name of maturing oak-hickory 2 mid-morning and 2 evening trips. Total Ave., Wheeling, WV 26003. forest. The dominant canopy trees are Red man-hours: 8.5. Census: Black-throated Oak (Quercus rubra) and Pignut Hickory GreenWarbler, 4 (66, 27); Ovenbird,4; Red- (Carya glabra). Most prominent in the eyed Vireo, 3 (49, 20); Hermit Thrush, 2; 15. OAK-MAPLE-HICKORY FOREST. understory are Dogwood (Comus florida) Black-throated Blue Warbler, 2; Magnolia -- Location:West Virginia; Greenbrier Co.; and Redbud (Cercis canadensis).The ground Warbler, 1.5; Solitary Vireo, 1; Veery, +; in the MonongahelaNat'l Forest, 2.5 mi NE cover is primarilyBlack Cohosh(Cimicifuga Scarlet Tanager, +. Total: 9 species; 17.5 from Anthony; 35ø55'03"N,80ø17'35"W, An- racemosa) and Sarsaparilla (Aralia nud•- territorial males (288/km 2, 117/100 acres). thony Quadrangle,USGS. ExtendsE along caMis). A quantitative survey of the vegeta- Visitors:Pileated Woodpecker, Corn. Crow, Peach Orchard Trail. Continuity: Estab- tion gave the following results:Trees 3-in

56 American B•rds,January 1982 diameter and over, based on 6 circular sam- 6 in ) 115, 65, 11 5, 16 8, B (6-9 in ) 25, 14, Red Maple (Acer rubrum), 47, 16 2, 9 6, 100, ples, 257/acre; total basal area 107 ft2/acre. 7.5, 10.9; C (9-15 in.) 28, 16,226, 32; D (15-21 Red Oak (Q. rubra), 3, 1, 9.6, 33; Tuhp-tree Speciescomprising 92.37% of the total num- in.) 1.6, .9, 3, 4.4; E (21-27 in.) 5, 2.8, 15.5, (Liriodendron tulipifera), 17, 5.8, 7 7, 83, ber of trees: Red Oak, 23, 9, 27, 83; Pignut 22.6; F (27-33 in.) 1.6, .9, 8.2, 11.9. Shrub Black Oak (Q. velutina), 17, 5.8, 6 2, 50 Hickory, 43, 17, 19, 66; Red Maple (Acer stems/acre3733; ground cover 68%; canopy Trees by diameter size class:A (3-6 in ) 152, rubrum), 43, 17, 7, 50; dead trees, 18, 11, 7, cover 77%; average canopy height 67 ft 52, 15, 15; B (6-9 in.) 83, 29, 25, 25; C (9-15 83; Black Oak (Q. velutina), 15, 6, 7, 50; (range 32-103). Edge: Similar habitat con- in.) 48, 16, 38.7, 39; D(15-21 in.) 7, 2, 12, 12, White Oak (Q. alba), 19, 7, 7, 33; Mockernut tinues on all boundaries. Elevation: 3150 ft. F (27-33 in.) 1, .5, 8.2, 8.2. Shrub stems/acre Hickory (Carya alba), 20, 8, 6, 83; Black Weather: Damp with morningfogs and sea- 6.883; groundcover 63%; canopy cover 96%, Locust (Robinia pseudo-acacia), 8, 3, 4, 66; sonable temperatures.Coverage: May 30- average canopy height 70 ft (range 59-83) Black Walnut (Juglans nigra), 10, 4, 4, 33; June 3; between dawn and 1100 hours or Edge: Surrounded on all sides by similar Chestnut Oak (Q. prinus), 7, 3, 4, 33. Trees 1800-2000hours. Total party-hours:7. Cen- habitat. Topography:Fairly level along an by diameter size class: A (3-6 in.) 123, 48, sus: Red-eyed Vireo, 5 (82, 33); Chestnut- old logging road and streambed. Elevation: 12.3, 11.4; B (6-9 in.) 77, 29.6, 23.0, 21.3; C sided Warbler, 3 (49, 20); Acadian Fly- 2330 ft. Weather: Rainy. Coverage:May 31- (9-15 in.) 40, 15.4, 32.29.7; D (15-21 in.) 15, catcher, 2; Least Flycatcher, 2; Black-and- June 4; between dawn and 0720, 0940-1055, 5 8, 27, 25; E (21-27 in.) 1.6, .6, 5, 4.8; F (27- white Warbler, 2; Hooded Warbler, 2; Am. or 1915-2010.Total party-hours:6.5. Census: 33 in.) 1.7, .6, 8, 7.6. Shrubstems/acre 5200; Redstart, 2; Scarlet Tanager, 2; Gray Cat- Red-eyedVireo, 7 (115, 47); Ovenbird,4 (66, groundcover 31%; canopycover 77%; aver- bird, 1; Wood Thrush, 1; Blue-gray Gnat- 27); ScarletTanager, 2; AcadianFlycatcher, age canopy height 69 ft (range 50-83). Edge: catcher, 1; Worm-eating Warbler, 1; Golden- 1; Black-and-white Warbler, 1; Worm-eating Surroundedby similarhabitat. Topography: winged Warbler, 1; Cerulean Warbler, 1; Warbler, 1; Cerulean Warbler, 1; Hooded The center line is a trail which follows a ridge Ovenbird, 1; Indigo Bunting, 1; Yellow- Warbler, 1; Rufous-sidedTowhee, 1; Wood crest in a NE directionand sidesslope away. billed Cuckoo, +; Pileated Woodpecker, +; Thrush, +. Total: 10 species; 19 territorial Elevation 2700 ft. Weather: Rain every day. Red-bellied Woodpecker, +; Great Crested males (313/km 2, 127/100 acres). Visitors: Coverage:May 29 to June 4; betweendawn Flycatcher, +; E. Wood Pewee, +; Black- Red-shoulderedHawk, Barred Owl, Pdeated and 0700 and 1030-1130.Total party-hours: cappedChickadee, +; Tufted Titmouse, +; Woodpecker, Great Crested Flycatcher, 10 3. Census:Red-eyed Vireo, 8 (132, 53); White-breasted Nuthatch, +; Black- Black-cappedChickadee, Tufted Titmouse, Indigo Bunting, 4 (66, 27); Cerulean Warbler, throated Green Warbler, +; Brown-headed Purple Finch. Remarks: Special thanks to 4, Tufted Titmouse, 2; Wood Thrush, 2; Cowbird, +; Cardinal, +; Rufous-sided Glen Phillips, GeorgeKoch, Jo Wood, Caro- Blue-grayGnatcatcher, 2; Ovenbird, 2; Scar- Towhee, +. Total: 26 species; 28 territorial lyn Ruddle and Ruth Strosnider of the let Tanager, 1; Black-throated Green War- males (461/km2, 187/100 acres). Remarks: Brooks Bird Club for their assistance- bler, 1; Blackburnian Warbler, 1; Hooded This study shows the trend in numbers of VIRGINIA JOHNSON, 24 Robinson St, Warbler, 1; Yellow-throated Vireo, 0.75, bird species as the area reverts from a cut- Uniontown, PA 15401. Downy Woodpecker, 0.5; E. Wood Pewee, over brushy area to a mature forest. For 0 5; Black-and-white Warbler, 0.5; Barred example, blackberries are gone because of 19. MIXED OAK AND PINE FOREST. -- Owl, +; Whip-poor-will, +; Great Crested the shadecaused by the canopyof the grow- Location: Virginia, Rockingham Co, 2 9 Flycatcher, +; Corn. Raven, +; Brown- ing trees. The changein habitat is correlated mi W of Briery Branch; 38ø25'47"N, headedCowbird, +. Total: 20 species;30.25 with the decrease in Chestnut-sided War- 79ø08'05"W, Reddish Knob Quadrangle, territorial males (498/km 2, 202/100 acres). blers: 17 in 1966; 10 in 1971; 3 in 1981. A USGS. Continuity: New. Size: 8.09 ha = 20 Visitors:Ruby-throated Hummingbird, Red- corresponding increase was observed for acres(rectangular, 110 x 880 yds, measured bellied Woodpecker, White-breasted mature forest birds: Red-eyed Vireo 1.5 in longitudinally and estimated laterally) De- Nuthatch, Worm-eating Warbler, Am. Red- 1966;3 in 1971;5 in 1981.Weather may have scriptionof Plot: Representativeforest of the start, Rose-breasted Grosbeak, Rufous- beena factor in the relative paucityof birdsin relatively level areas bordering streams at sided Towhee. Remarks: Special thanks to the plot; the nearest weather station (6 mi) the base of the mountainsin this Ridge and Glen Phillipsfor his help on all phasesof this recorded 2.3 in. of rain for the 2 days that Valley Province of Virginia. The dominant project.---B. ATHEY, K. BUSH, D. CAPER- precededthe census.Additionally, 3 out of 4 canopy trees are White Oak (Quercus alba) TON (compiler), E. HUTTON, H. days during the censusanother 1 inch was and White Pine (Pinus strobus). White Oak HOOKER, J. JONES, M. WITT, Brooks recorded.The groundwas saturated; vegeta- and the other oak speciesrepresent the prob- Btrd Club, 707 WarwoodAvenue, Wheeling, tion was continuallywet; each morningwas able climax forest of the area. The pine W Va. 26003. foggy.---E. HUTTON, K. BUSH, M. speciessupport other evidenceof lumbering THACKER, H. and M. HOOKER, W. within the past 50 years and the White Pine SMITH (compiler), Brooks Bird Club, 707 also may indicate the effect of the nearby 17. RED OAK-RED MAPLE. -- Location: WarwoodAve., Wheeling, WV 26003. streamon the microclimate.The mostpromi- West Virginia; Greenbrier Co. 3.25 mi N of nent subcanopytrees and shrubsare Flower- Bluebend Recreation Area; 37ø57'01"N, ing Dogwood (Cornusflorida), Com Ser- 80ø15'28"W,Anthony Quadrangle, USGS. 18. WHITE OAK-HICKORY FOREST. -- viceberry (Amelanchier arborea), and Continuity: Established 1966; 3 intermittent Location:West Virginia; Greenbrier Co., 0.9 Mountain Laurel (Kalmia latifolia). Much of years.Size: 6.07 ha = 15acres. Description of mi off Anthony Creek Rd. on Big Draft Rd., the ground cover is Blueberries(Vacctntum Plot: Published as Cut-over Oak-hickory begins600 ft S of Big Draft Rd.; 37ø53'58"N, stamineum and V. vacillans) with localized Forest in AFN 20:656-657 (1966) and AB 80ø15'13"W, Anthony Quadrangle, USGS. concentrationsof CinnamonFern (Osmunda 25:999-1000 (1971). The dominant canopy Continuity: Established1966; 3 intermittent cinnamomea) and many scattered plants of trees are Red Oak (Quercusrubra) and Red years. Size: 6.07 ha = 15acres. Descriptionof Wintergreen (Gaultheria procurebens) A Maple (Acer rubrum). Most prominentin the Plot: Published as Pole-sized Oak Woods, quantitative survey of the vegetation gave understoryare Spicebush(Lindera benzoin) seeAFN 20:614(1966), andAB 25:974(1971). the followingresults: Trees 3-indiameter and and Hazelnut (Corylus americana). The The dominant canopy trees are White Oak over, based on 6 circular 0.1 acre samples, ground cover is primarily ferns and Black (Quercus alba) and hickory (Carya sp.). 398/acre; total basal area 130 ft2/acre Cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa).A quantita- Most prominentin the understoryare seed- Species comprising90% of the total number tive survey of the vegetationgave the follow- lings of canopy trees, Witch Hazel (Hama- of trees: White oak, 100, 25, 36, 100; White ing results: Trees 3-in. diameter and over, melis virginiana) and Maple-leaved ¾ibur- Pine, 55, 14, 17, 80; Red Maple (Acer rub- basedon 6 circular samples,176/acre; total num (Viburnum acerifolium). The ground rum), 70, 18, 9, 100;Red Oak (Q. rubra), 22, basal area 68.2 ft2/acre. Species comprising cover is primarily Vacciniumsp. and Black 5, 9, 80; Pitch Pine (P. rigida), 15, 4, 6, 30, 90% of the total number of trees: Red Oak 25, Cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa). A quantita- Virginia Pine (P. virginiana), 15, 4, 4 5, 50, 14.1, 51,100; Red Maple 58, 32.9, 19.2, 100; tive survey of the vegetationgave the follow- ChestnutOak (Q. Prinus), 7, 2, 3.5, 30, dead White Oak (Q. alba), 15, 8.5,'10.5,33; Chest- ing results: Trees 3-in. diameter and over, trees, 32, 8, 3, 80; Scarlet Oak (Q. cocctnea), nut Oak (Q. montana), 5, 2.8, 5.9, 16; based on 6 circular samples, 291/acre; total 3, 1,3, 20; Flowering Dogwood, 33, 8, 3,100, Cucumbertree (Magnolia acuminata), 15, basal area 98.9 ft2/acre. Species comprising Com. Serviceberry, 15, 4, 2, 80. Trees by 8 5, 2.2, 50; Yellow Oak (Q. muhlenbergii), 90% of the total number of trees: White Oak, diameter size class:A (3-6 in.) 233, 59, 23, 18, 2, 9, 2, 16. Trees by diametersize class:A (3- 110, 38, 38.4, 83; Hickory, 35, 12, 12.8, 67; B (6-9 in.) 88, 22, 26, 20; C (9-15 in.) 58, 15,

Volume 36, Number I 57 43, 33, D (15-21 m ) 15, 4, 27, 21, E (21-27 m ) rangle,USGS Continuity:Established 1973, Untv of North Carohna, Chapel Htll, NC 3, 1, 10, 8. Shrub stems/acre 9867; ground 9 consecutive years. Size: 11.0 ha = 27.2 27514. cover 52%; canopy cover 85%; average acres. Description of Plot: See AB 25:636 canopyheight 40 ft (range33-54). Edge: Simi- (1971). Weather: About average throughout 23. MIXED DECIDUOUS FOREST. -- Lo- lar vegetationextends along the stream val- period. Temperatures on trips, 56-84ø . cation: North Carolina, Orange Co., 4.5 mi N ley about 1 km to the SW and NE and 0.3 km Coverage:Apr. 4, 18-19; May 2, 6, 8, 10, 13, of Chapel Hill on N.C. Highway 86; Duke E to an abruptly rising ridge. Marked on the 15, 20, 24, 28, 31; June 4, 7, 1 l, 13-14, 19-20, Forest Natural Area; 35ø59'N, 79ø04'W, W by the stream and a more gently rising 24, 28; 0610-1145 or 1255-1850, EDT. Total ChapelHill Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity: slope An all-weathergravel road runsparal- man-hours: 66.3. Census:Red-eyed Vireo, Established1973; 8 intermittent years. Size: lel to and200-300 meters E of the plot, Topog- 14.5 (132, 53); Brown-headed Cowbird, 10 8.8 ha = 21.8 acres. Descriptionof Plot: See raphy: Fall is lessthan 80 ft alongthe length (91, 37); Wood Thrush, 7 (64, 26); Carolina AB 27:1018-1019 (1973). Weather: Average of the plot. Elevation: 1840-1920ft. Weather: Chickadee, 5 (45, 18); Tufted Titmouse, 5; conditions.Coverage: Apr. 25; May 3, 6, 14, Seasonabletemperatures and fair, with one Red-belliedWoodpecker, 4 (36, 15); Downy 16, 23, 30; June 6; 0620-0935, EDT. Total 5-day period of rainy and cloudy weather Woodpecker, 4; Scarlet Tanager, 3.5 (32, man-hours: 28. Census:Red-eyed Vireo, 10 duringthe first week of July. Coverage:June 13); Acadian Flycatcher, 3 (27, 11); E. Wood (113, 46); Acadian Flycatcher, 4 (45, 18), 4, 6-8, ll, 13, 15-16, 18, 26; July 3; between Pewee, 3; Blue Jay, 3; Corn. Grackle, 3; Wood Thrush, 3.5 (40, 16); Ovenbird, 3 (34, dawn and 1000 or 1930-2100. Total party- Cardinal 2.5; Hairy Woodpecker, 2; Great 14); Scarlet Tanager, 2.5; Tufted Titmouse, hours 13. Census:Rufous-sided Towhee, 5 Crested Flycatcher, 2; White-breasted 2; Carolina Chickadee, 1.5; Ruby-throated (62, 25); Blue-gray Gnatcatcher, 3.5 (43, 18); Nuthatch, 2; Ovenbird, 1.5; Mourning Dove, Hummingbird, 1; Red-bellied Woodpecker, Acadian Flycatcher, 3 (37, 15); Red-eyed 1; Brown Creeper, 1; Worm-eatingWarbler, 1; Downy Woodpecker, 1; CarolinaWren, 1, Vireo, 3; Hooded Warbler, 2.5; Ovenbird 2; 1; LouisianaWaterthrush, 1; Kentucky War- Louisiana Waterthrush, 1; Cardinal, 1; Ken- Scarlet Tanager, 1.5; Tufted Titmouse, l; bler, +. Total: 22 species;79 territorialmales tucky Warbler, 0.5; Hairy Woodpecker, +, Great Crested Flycatcher, 0.5; Mourning (718/kin2, 290/100 acres). Visitors: Turkey N. Parula, +. Total: 16 species;33 territorial Dove, +; Yellow-billed Cuckoo, +; Whip- Vulture, Ruby-throated Hummingbird, males or females (374/km 2, 151/100 acres) poor-wfil, +; Pileareal Woodpecker, +; Corn. Flicker, Pileated Woodpecker, E. Visitors: Sharp-shinned Hawk, Blue Jay, Downy Woodpecker, +; Carolina Chick- Kingbird, Corn. Crow, Carolina Wren, Am. Blue-gray Gnatcatcher, Hooded Warbler, adee, -•; Wood Thrush, -•; Brown-headed Robin, Veery, Blue-gray Gnatcatcher, Yel- Brown-headed Cowbird. Remarks: Nests Cowbird, + (0.5 9/trip); Indigo Bunting, +. low-throated Vireo, Black-and-white War- located (2): Carolina Chickadee and Tufted Total: 18 species; 22 territorial males bler, N. Parula, Am. Redstart, Red-winged Titmouse. An unoccupiedWood Thrushnest (272/km 2, ll0/100 acres). Visitors: Barred Blackbird, Indigo Bunting, House Finch, was alsoseen. The total breedingpopulation Owl, Corn. Crow, Pine Warbler, Am. Am. Goldfinch. Remarks: Nests found: is again lower than in previous years--m Goldfinch. Thanks to Ellen Goetz, Elwood Mourning Dove 1, Acadian Flycatcher 2, fact, the lowest yet recordedfor this plot.-- Fisher, Ann Zimmerman, Sharon Wubben, Wood Thrush 2, Red~eyed Vireo 2, Red- GREG HUNTER, DANIEL KAPLAN, Charles Ziegenfus and Mike and Kathleen bellied Woodpecker 1, E. Wood Pewee 1, MATTHEW SPENCER, KATIE WEISS, Fmnegan for help.•A. CLAIR MELLIN- Blue Jay 1, Worm-eatingWarbler 1, Cardinal NORMAN BUDNITZ (compiler), Route 1, GER, BiologyDept., E. MennoniteCollege, 1.--KITTY DICKENS, GILBERT ESPEN- Box 76A, Durham, NC 27705. Harrisonburg, VA 22801. SHADE, KEITH GUTHRIE, ALLISON and JEAN LYNN, GRETA NILSSON, BILL 24. MIXED DECIDUOUS FOREST. -- Lo- 20. OAK - HICKORY - TULIP - TREE PER-LEE, MARK STRONG, ROBERT J. cation: North Carolina; Orange Co., partly FOREST. -- Location: Virginia; Amherst WATSON (compiler), 2636 Marcey Road, within the research area of the N.C. Botan- Co, 0 4 mi NW of intersectionof U.S. Route Arlington, VA 22207. ical Garden,2.5 mi SE of the centerof Chapel 29 and Sweet Briar College entrance road; Hill; 35ø21'N, 79ø01'W, Chapel Hill Quad- 37ø33'N, 70ø04'W, Amherst Quadrangle, rangle, USGS. Continuity:Established 1976, USGS Continuity:Established 1978; 3 inter- 22. FLOODPLAIN FOREST. -- Location: 6 consecutive years. Size: 12.55 ha = 31 reittent years. Size: 13.5 ha = 33.3 acres. North Carolina; Orange Co., within the acres. Description of Plot: See AB 31:41 Description of Plot: See AB 33:61 (1979). Univ. of N.C. Mason Farm Reserve, locally (1977). Coverage:9 visits between Apr. 22 Coverage:May 28; June 4-5, 10, 12, 19, 30; known as Big Oak Woods, 3 mi SE of the and June 23. Total party-hours: 19. Census: July 1, 0630-1130. Total man-hours: 18. center of Chapel Hill; 35ø53'N, 79ø0'W, Red-eyed Vireo, 12 (96, 39); Wood Thrush, Weather: Mostly overcast and humid ChapelHill Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity: 10.5 (84, 34); Tufted Titmouse, 5 (40, 16), through period. Temperature 60-75øF. Rain Established 1977; 5 consecutive years. Size: Blue-gray Gnatcatcher, 5; Carolina Chick- on July 1. Census:Wood Thrush, 16(119, 48); 13 ha = 32.1 acres. Descriptionof Plot: See adee, 3 (24, 10); Carolina Wren, 3; Scarlet Acadian Flycatcher, 3 (22, 9); Red-eyed AB 32:63 (1978). Coverage:9 visits between Tanager, 3; Cardinal, 3; Acadian Flycatcher, V•reo, 2.5; Yellow-billed Cuckoo, 2; E. Apr. 19 and June 30. Total party-hours: 19. 2.5; Yellow-billed Cuckoo, 2; Red-bellied Wood Pewee, 2; Blue Jay, 2; Carolina Chick- Census:Red-eyed Vireo, 16 (123, 50); Aca- Woodpecker, 2; Downy Woodpecker, 2, adee, 2, Tufted Titmouse, 2; White-breasted dian Flycatcher,9.5 (73, 30); Blue-grayGnat- White-breasted Nuthatch, 2; Ovenbird, 2, Nuthatch, 2; ScarletTanager, 2; Cardinal, 2; catcher, 7.5 (58, 23); Wood Thrush, 6 (46, Summer Tanager, 2; Hairy Woodpecker, Red-belliedWoodpecker, 1.5; Corn. Flicker, 19); Tufted Titmouse, 5 (38, 16); Ruby- 1.5; Hooded Warbler, 1.5; Ruby-throated 1, Pfieated Woodpecker, 1; Corn. Crow, 1; throatedHummingbird, 3 (23, 9); Red-bellied Hummingbird, 1; Yellow-throated Vireo, 1, Carolina Wren, 1; Am. Robin, 1. Total: 17 Woodpecker, 3; Downy Woodpecker, 3; Pine Warbler, 1; Kentucky Warbler, 1, species, 44 territorial males or females Carolina Chickadee, 3; Hooded Warbler, 3; Mourning Dove, +; Pileated Woodpecker, (326/km 2, 132/100 acres). Visitors: Downy Cardinal, 3; Carolina Wren, 2.5; Kentucky +; Blue Jay, +; Corn. Crow, +; Brown- Woodpecker, Great Crested Flycatcher, E. Warbler, 2.5; Yellow-billed Cuckoo, 2; Scar- headed Cowbird, +. Total: 26 species;66 I•ngb•rd, Gray Catbird. Remarks: 3 Wood let Tanager, 2; Yellow-throated Vireo, 1.5; territorial males (526/km 2, 213/100 acres) Thrush nests found. Total speciesdeclined, Red-headed Woodpecker, 1; Hairy Wood- Visitors: Chimney Swift, Corn. Flicker, while total individualsincreased slightly. No pecker, 1; N. Parula, 1; Ovenbird, 1; Pine Corn. Grackle. Remarks: Nest found: Wood cowbirdswere foundthis year in contrastto 4 Warbler, 0.5; Red-shouldered Hawk, +; Thrush. Newly fledged Carolina Wrens and pmrs last year. ERNEST P. EDWARDS MourningDove, +; BarredOwl, +; Pileated Cardinals were seen.--L. APPEN, C and DOUGLAS H. $HEDD (compiler), Woodpecker, +; Blue Jay, +; Brown- CHRISTENSEN, S. HALL (co-compiler), Randolph-Macon Woman's College, Lynch- headed Cowbird, +. Total: 27 species;77 F. LANE, K. MEYER, H. MUELLER (co- burg, VA 24503. territorial males (593/km 2, 240/100 acres). compiler),N. MUELLER, N. POURREA U, Visitors: E. Wood Pewee, Louisiana Water- B. SIMPSON, M. TOVE, H. WILEY, Dept 21. UPLAND OAK-HICKORY FOREST. thrush, Summer Tanager, Rufous-sided of Zoology,Univ. of North Carolina,Chapel -- Location: Virginia; Dranesville District Towhee. Remarks: A Louisiana Waterthrush Hill, NC 27514. Park, McLean, Fairfax Co., alongRoute 193 sang on territory for 2 weeks.--C. CHRIS- (Old Georgetown Pike), approximately 3/4 TENSEN, S. HALL (co-compiler), A. 25. HARDWOOD SWAMP FOREST -- m• W of Exit 13, Capital Beltway (Interstate LINDSEY, K. MEYER, H. MUELLER (co- Location: South Carolina; Dorchester and 495), 38ø57'N, 77ø12'W, Falls Church Quad- compiler), H. WILEY. Dept. of Zoology, Berkeley Cos., 6.5 mi E of Harleyville, m

58 American Birds, January 1982 Nat'l Audubon Society's Francis Beidler (50% less). This may be part of a widespread samples, 282 trees/acre, total basal area Forest in Four Holes Swamp; 33ø11'N, trend for this specieswhich has been noted 183.7 ftZ/acre. Species comprising 90% of 80ø19'W, Ridgeville Quadrangle, USGS. by others. Equally unexpected was the in- the total number of trees: Red Maple 62, 22, Continuity:Established 1979; 2 intermittent crease in numbers of Carolina Chickadees 13, 88; Ironwood 41, 14, 4, 80; Hackberry 19, years. Size: 8.1 ha = 20 acres. Descriptionof since 1979 (from 3 to 6.5).--KENNETH 7, 4, 90; Green Ash (Fraxinuspennsylvamca) Plot: See AB 34:50 (1980). Sparse canopy of STROM (compiler), NORMAN L. BRUNS- 17, 6, 4, 55; hickory (Carya sp.) 13, 4, 12, 60, unlogged Laurel Oak (Quercus laurifolia) WIG, MICHAEL R. DAWSON, Route 1, Am. Elm 12, 4, 2, 68; Bald Cypress (Tax- and White Ash (Fraxinus americana), with a Box 114, Harleyville, SC 29448. odium distichurn) 12, 4, 20, 45; PossumHaw dense understory that also contains young 8, 3, 0.5, 33. Trees by diameter class: A (3-6 Sweet Gum (Liquidambar styracifiua), in.) 155, 55, 15, 53; B (6-9 in.) 41, 15, 12 4, 7, Black Willow (Salix nigra), Red Maple (Acer C (9-15 in.) 49, 17, 39, 21; D (15-21 in.) 19, 7, rubrum), and Bald Cyrpess (Taxodium dis- 34.2, 19; E (21-27 in.) 9, 3, 27.12, 15; F(27-33 BREEDING BIRD CENSUS ttchum). Weather: Mostly clear, calm and in.) 6, 2, 30.6, 17;G (33-40in.) 3.5, 1,24 9, 14 mild, with 3 days of haze or overcast. Tem- OF SWAMP HARDWOOD FOREST Shrub stems per acre, 767; canopy cover peratures 57-76øF. Coverage: Apr. 17, 29; IN COASTAL SOUTH CAROLINA 90%; ground cover 71%; cypress stumps May 5, 12, 14, 20, 26, 29; June8; dawn-1000 present in 41% of plots; average canopy or 1830-dusk. Total party-hours: 17.3. Cen- The following4 censusplots are locatedin height 79 ft (range 63-84). Edge: Similar sus: Blue-gray Gnatcatcher, 18 (222, 90); N. an uneven-aged Swamp Hardwood Forest habitat on all sides;bounded by an unpaved Parula, 16 (198, 80); White-eyed Vireo, 11 situated in the Santee River Floodplain. The road on the W. Topography: Ridges and (136, 55); Red-eyed Vireo, 10 (124, 50); soilsare poorly drainedwith a loamy surface sloughsdissect the plot. Elevation: Ridges Tufted Titmouse, 8 (99, 40); Prothonotary layer and a clay subsoil.All marketableBald about 14-16ft (4.3-4.9 m), sloughsabout 2-3 ft Warbler, 8; Carolina Chickadee, 6.5 (80, 33); Cypress(Taxodium distichurn) was cut in the lower. Weather: Temperature 56-75øF, wind AcadianFlycatcher, 6 (74, 30); Hooded War- 1930s. The normal flooding of this swamp 0-5 mph, light rain on one count. April-June bler, 6; Swainson'sWarbler, 5 (62, 25); Car- forestwas interrupted with the completionof temperatureswere normal, but rainfall was dinal, 5; Yellow-billed Cuckoo, 4 (49, 20); the Cooper River Rediversion Project in below average. Coverage:Apr. 13, 16, 29, Red-bellied Woodpecker, 3.5 (43, 18); 1940-41. May 12, 19, 29-30; June 2, 15, 19; 0540-0830 Downy Woodpecker, 3 (37, 15); Carolina Each plot was censused10 times during EDT. Total man-hours: 24. Census: Red- Wren, 2; Yellow-throated Warbler, 2; the breeding seasonduring 0540-0930, EDT eyed Vireo, 14 (173, 70); N. Parula, 13 (161, Plicated Woodpecker, 1.5; Great Crested (mostly 0610-0830).Counts were conducted 65), Acadian Flycatcher, 10 (124, 50), Pro- Flycatcher, 1.5; Wood Thrush, 1.5; Wood on morningswith winds lessthan 8 mph and thonotary Warbler, 9 (111, 45); White-eyed Duck, 1; Green Heron, +; White-breasted no rain except a light rain on 1 count. Tem- Vireo, 7 (86, 35); Cardinal, 5 (62, 25), Am Nuthatch, +; Yellow-throated Vireo, +; peratures 56-90øF, with most 60-75ø. The Redstart, 4.5 (56, 23); Kentucky Warbler, 4 Summer Tanager, +. Total: 24 species;119.5 vegetationwas describedusing 40 0.1-acre (49, 20); Hooded Warbler 4; Blue-grayGnat- territorial males (1476/km2, 598/100 acres). circular plots and the methodsof Jamesand catcher, 2.5; Yellow-billed Cuckoo, 2, Red- Visitors: Great Blue Heron, Yellow-crowned Shugart(AFN 24: 727-736, 1970). bellied Woodpecker, 2; Carolina Chickadee, Night Heron, White Ibis, Red-shouldered Two factors had a potential impact on the 2; Tufted Titmouse, 2; Pileated Woodpecker, Hawk, Mourning Dove, Barred Owl, Com. breedingbird populations.First, precipita- 1; Carolina Wren, 1; Swainsoh's Warbler, 1, Crow, Fish Crow, Yellow-breasted Chat, tion levels were unusuallylow, especiallyin Brown-headed Cowbird, 1; Summer Tana- Com. Grackle. Remarks: Censuses are con- April and June. Second, there was a heavy ger, 1; Downy Woodpecker, 0.5; Indigo ducted every other year, while censusesof a outbreak of Forest Tent Caterpillars Bunting, 0.5. Total: 21 species;87 territorial nearby virgin counterpartare conductedon (Malacosoma disstria, Family Lasiocam- males (1075/km2; 435/100 acres). Visitors: the alternate years. Compared to the 1979 pidae) in April and early May which de- Yellow-crowned Night Heron, Barred Owl, census,the total nestingdensity and general foliated about 52-71% of the hardwood trees. Chimney Swift, Com. Crow, Fish Crow, species composition has remained almost Fundsfor this studywere providedby a grant Black-and-white Warbler, Yellow-throated constant, but with a few notable changesin from the U.S. Forest Service. DENNISM. Warbler, Ovenbird, Corn. Yellowthroat Re- densitiesof individual species.The increased FORSYTHE, Dept. of Biology, The Citadel, marks: Nests found: White-eyed Vireo, 1, numbers of Red-eyed Vireos (from 6 to 10) Charleston, SC29409 and W. RUSSELL TY- Red-eyedVireo, 2; ProthonotaryWarbler, 1, and decreased numbers of White-eyed LER, U.S. Forest Service, Witherbee Rang- Kentucky Warbler, 1. Althoughthere was no Vireos (17 to 11), Hooded Warblers (9 to 6), er Station, Francis Marion Nat'l Forest, Rt. definite proof, circumstantial evidence of and Wood Thrushes(4 to 1.5) may reflectthe 3, P.O. Box 630, Moncks Corner, SC29461. breeding by redstarts was present. The night decreasingdensity of undergrowth accom- heron and Ovenbird were seen on only once panyingthe gradualsuccession of this plot to 26. SWAMP HARDWOOD FOREST I. -- a mature forest. Prothonotary Warblers in- Location: South Carolina, Berkeley Co., 2 mi creased from 5 to 8, perhaps because the NE of Alvin on the Santee River, Timber drought that has affected this area for more Compartment8, Witherbee District, Francis 27. SWAMP HARDWOOD FOREST II. -- than a year reduced the normally high nest Marion Nat'l Forest, Study Plot B-I; Location: South Carolina, Berkeley Co , 2 mi lossfrom floodinglast year. Comparedto the 33ø22'N, 79ø47'W, Bonneau Quadrangle, NE of Alvin on the Santee River, Timber 1980census of its virgin counterpart,this plot USGS. Continuity:New. Size:8.09 ha = 20 Compartment8, Witherbee District, Francis exhibited a 13% greater total nestingdensity acres(rectangular, 440 x 220 yds, measured Marion Nat'l Forest, Study Plot B-II, and generally higher densitiesper species, by pacingand compass).Description of Plot: 33ø22'N, 79ø47'W, Bonneau Quadrangle, presumably because of the greater habitat An uneven-agedstand of swamphardwoods. USGS. Continuity: New. Size: 8.09 ha = 20 diversity normally found in a second-growth The canopyconsists of a variety of hardwood acres(rectangular, 440 x 220 yds, measured forest. The specieswith the mostnoticeably species.The understoryincludes Red Maple by pacing and compass).Description of Plot: higher densities(White-eyed Vireo, Hooded (Acer rubrum), Am. Elm (Ulmus ameri- This is an uneven-aged swamp hardwood Warbler, Swainson's Warbler, Cardinal) are cana), Ironwood (Carpinus caroliniana), forest. The canopy consistof a variety of generally associatedwith shrubby thickets Hackberry (Celtis laevigata), Possum Haw hardwood species. The' understory includes and undergrowth, not generallyfound in the (Ilex decidua), greenbrier(Smilax ssp.), and Red Maple (Acer rubrum), Am. Elm (Ulmus virgin forest; while the few speciesshowing grape(Vitis ssp.).The groundcover is mainly americana), Hackberry (Celtis laevtgata), actually lower densities(Great Crested Fly- Poison Ivy (Rhus radicans), False Nettle Possum Haw (Ilex decidua), hawthorn catcher, Red-eyed Vireo, Yellow-throated (Boehmeria cylindrica), greenbrier, Trumpet (Crataegus ssp.), Holly (1. opaca), Swamp Warbler) are normally associated with tall Vine (Campsis radicans) and Virginia Dogwood (Cornus stricta), greenbrier trees, which are generally lacking in this Creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia), (Smilax ssp.) and grape (Vitis ssp.) The loggedforest. The CarolinaWren is the only throughout the sedge (carex ssp.) and ground cover is mainly Poison Ivy (Rhus species that showed a dramatic and unex- Lizard's Tail (Saurus cernus) in low areas. A radicans), False Nettle (Boehmeria cyhn- pected reduction in numbers compared to quantitative survey of the vegetation gave drica), greenbrier, Trumpet Vine (Campsts both the 1979census of this sameplot (60% the following results:Trees 3 in. in diameter radicans), and Virginia Creeper (Parth- decline)and the 1980census of the virginplot and over, based on forty 0. l-acre circular enocissus quinquefolia) throughout and

Volume 36, Number 1 59 sedge(Carex ssp ) and Llzard's Tall (Saurus greenbrier (Smdax ssp ), and grape (Vttts Study Plot C-I The understoryincludes Red cernus)in low areas.A quantitativesurvey of ssp.). The groundcover is mainly PoisonIvy Maple (Acer rubrum), Ironwood (Carpinus the vegetation gave the following results: (Rhus radicans), False Nettle (Boehmeria caroliniana), hawthorn (Crataegus ssp), Trees 3 in. in diameter and over, based on cylindrica), greenbrier, Trumpet Vine Am. Elm (Ulmus americana),Possum Haw forty 0.1-acre circular samples, 282 (Campsis radicans), and Virginia Creeper (Ilex decidua),greenbrier (Smilax ssp.), and trees/acre; total basal area 190.49 ft2/acre. (Parthenocissusquinquefolia) throughout grape(Vitis ssp.).The groundcoveris mostly Speciescomprising 90% of the total number and sedge (Carex ssp.) and Lizard's Tail False Nettle (Boehmeriacylindrica), Poison of trees: Red Maple 80, 28, 10, 100; Sweet (Saurus cernus)in low areas. A quantitative Ivy (Rhus radicans), greenbrier, Virginia Gum (Liquidambarstyracifiua) 35, 12, 6, 85; survey of the vegetationgave the following Creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia), Tupelo Gum (Nyssa aquatica) 30, 11, 22, 52; results: trees 3 in. in diameter and over, Trumpet Vine (Campsisradicans) through- GreenAsh (Fraxinuspennsylvanica)26, 9, 9, basedon forty 0. J-acrecircular samples, 218 out, and Lizard's Tail (Saurus cernus)and 73, Am. Elm 18, 6, 3, 73; Bald Cypress trees per acre; total basal area 153.72 sedge(Carex ssp.)in sloughs.A quantitative (Taxodium distichurn)14, 5, 20, 62; Cotton- ft2/acre.Species comprising 90% of the total survey of the vegetationgave the following wood (Populusdeltoides) 14, 5, 4, 38; Iron- number of trees: Red Maple 74, 34, 14, 98; results: Trees 3 in. in diameter and over, wood (Carpinus caroliniana) 13, 5, 1, 38; TupeloGum (Nyssaaquatica) 22, 10, 27, 72; basedon forty 0. l-acre circular samples,248 Possum Haw 12, 4, 0.6, 35; Overcup Oak Am. Elm 21, 10, 2, 80; Sweet Gum (Liq- trees/acre; total basal area 171.62 ft2/acre (Quercus lyrata) 8, 3, 13, 50; hawthorn 7, 2, uidambar styracifiua)20, 9, 5, 80; Green Ash Speciescomprising 90% of the total number 0 6, 40; Water Hickory (Carya aquatica)6, 2, (Fraxinus pennsylvanica) 14, 7, 6, 50; Bald of trees: Red Maple 94, 38, 13, 100;Tupelo 7, 50 Treesby diameterclass: A (3-6in.) 161, Cypress(Taxodium distichurn) 15, 7, 18, 52; Gum (Nyssa aquatica) 23, 9, 17, 83; Am. Elm 57, 18 03, 9; B (6-9 in.) 51, 18, 15.15, 8; C (9- Overcup Oak (Quercus lyrata) 14, 6, 12, 75; 20, 8, 4, 80; Sweet Gum (Liquidambarsty- 15 m ) 37, 13, 29.8, 15; D (15-21 in.) 14, 5, PossumHaw 10, 4, 0.1, 32; Water Hickory racifiua) 16, 7, 10, 75; Green Ash (Fraxinus 24 3, 12; E (21-27 in.) 7, 2, 22.4, 11; F (27-33 (Carya aquatica) 6, 3, 7, 42; Laurel Oak (Q. pennsylvanica)16, 7, 7, 65; Bald Cypress m ) 5, 2, 23.3, 12; G (33-40 in.) 6, 2, 42.6, 22; laurifolia) 7, 3, 5, 40. Trees by diameter (Taxodium distichum) 14, 6, 22, 70; Iron- H (> 40 in.) 2, 1, 20.29, 10. Shrub stemsper class:A (3-6 in.) 114, 53, 11.4, 7; B (6-9 in.) wood 14, 6, 1, 33; Water Hickory (Carya acre 725; canopy cover 87%; ground cover 40, 18, 11.85;8; C (9-15in.) 38, 17,29.8, 19;D aquatica) II, 4, 12, 50; OvercupOak (Quer- 64%, cypressstumps present in 45% of plots; (15-21in.) 13, 6, 23.4, 15; E (21-27 in.) 5, 2, cuslyrata) 9, 4, 9, 70; PossumHaw 8, 3, 0 5, average canopy height 79 ft (range 64-82). 16.28, 11; F (27-33in.) 3, 1, 14.7, 10; G (33-40 35. Trees by diameter class:A (3-6 in.) 134, Edge: Similar habitat on all sides; bounded in.) 2.5, l, 17.75, 12; H (> 40 in.) 2, 1, 28.52, 54, 13.37, 8; B (6-9 in.) 40, 16, 12.15, 7; C (9- by an unpaved road on the W; on the N by 18. Shrub stemsper acre 679; canopycover 15in.) 28, 12, 22.4, 13;D (15-21in.) 25, 10,45, Plot B-I. Topography:Ridges and sloughs 88%; ground cover 52%; cypress stumps 26; E (21-27in.) 12, 5, 37.98, 22; F (27-33in ) dissectthe plot. Elevation:Ridges about 14- present in 60% of plots; average canopy 6,2,26.95, 16; G (33-40in.) 2, l, 10.6, 6; H (> 16 ft (4.3-4.9 m), sloughsabout 2-3 ft lower. height 79 ft (range 61-90). Edge: Similar 40 in.) 1, 0.3, 12.07, 7. Shrub stemsper acre Weather: Temperature 57-92øF, wind 0-7 habitat on all sides; bounded by unpaved 591; canopy cover 92%; ground cover 59%, mph, no rain on any counts. Coverage:Apr. roads on the N and E. Topography:Ridges cypressstumps present in 58% of plots;aver- 14, 18, 30; May 11,20-21,28; June 10, 16, 18; and sloughs dissect the plot. Elevation: agecanopy height 77 ft (range58-94). Edge: 0610-0835, EDT. Total man-hours: 24. Cen- Ridges about 14-16 ft (4.3-4.9 m); sloughs Similar habitat on all sides;bounded by an sus:Red-eyed Vireo 14 (173, 70); N. Parula, about2-3 ft lower. Weather:Temperature 57- unpavedroad on the N. Topography:Ridges 13 5 (167, 68); Acadian Flycatcher, 9 (111, 80øF; wind 0-8 mph; no rain on any count. and sloughs dissect the plot. Elevation: 45), White-eyed Vireo, 8 (99, 40); Prothono- Coverage:Apr. 16, 28; May 1, 14, 18, 24, 26, Ridgesabout 14-16 ft (4.3-4.9 m); sloughs tary Warbler, 6.5 (80, 33); Cardinal, 6 (74, 31; June 9, 17; 0540-0835, EDT. Total man- about 2 to 3 ft lower. Weather: Temperature 30), Hooded Warbler, 5 (62, 25); Am. Red- hours:24. Census:Red-eyed Vireo, 17 (210, 57-78øF,wind 0-7 mph, no rain on any count start, 5; Tufted Titmouse, 4 (49, 20); Blue- 85); N. Parnla, 16 (198, 80); Acadian Fly- Coverage:Apr. 17, 22; May 3, 15, 17, 23, 25, gray Gnatcatcher, 4; Kentucky Warbler, 4; catcher, 9 (Ill, 45); White-eyed Vireo, 9; June 1, 7, 18; 0540-0830, EDT. Total man- Carolina Chickadee, 3 (37, 15); Yellow-billed Prothonotary Warbler, 9; Cardinal, 6.5 (80, hours: 24. Census:Red-eyed Vireo, 15 (185, Cuckoo, 2; Red-bellied Woodpecker, 2; 33); Am. Redstart, 6 (74, 30); Hooded War- 75); N. Parula, 12 (148, 60); Acadian Fly- Carolina Wren, 2; Summer Tanager, 2; bler, 5 (62, 25); Tufted Titmouse, 4 (49, 20); catcher, 9 (111, 45); ProthonotaryWarbler, Swamson's Warbler, 1.5; Pileated Wood- Kentucky Warbler, 4; Blue-gray Gnat- 9; White-eyed Vireo, 8 (99, 40); Hooded pecker, 1; Downy Woodpecker, 1; Indigo catcher, 3.5 (43, 18); Carolina Chickadee, 3 Warbler, 5 (62, 25); Cardinal, 5; Kentucky Bunting, 1; Brown-headedCowbird, 0.5. To- (37, 15); Yellow-billed Cuckoo, 2; Red- Warbler, 4 (49, 20); Am. Redstart,4; Blue- tal: 21 species; 95 territorial males bellled Woodpecker, 2; Carolina Wren, 2; gray Gnatcatcher, 3 (37, 15); Yellow-billed (1174/km:; 475/100 acres). Visitors: Swal- Swainsons's Warbler, 2; Brown-headed Cuckoo, 2; Red-bellied Woodpecker, 2, low-tailed Kite, Turkey, Barred Owl, Cowbird, 2; PileatedWoodpecker, 1; Downy Downy Woodpecker,2; Tufted Titmouse,2, Mourning Dove, Chimney Swift, Ruby- Woodpecker, 1; Indigo Bunting, 1. Total: 20 Carolina Wren, 2; Swainson'sWarbler, 2, throated Hummingbird, Great Crested Fly- species; 105 territorial males (1297/km2; Pileareal Woodpecker, 1; Carolina Chick- catcher, Corn. Crow, Black-and-white War- 525/100 acres). Visitors: Swallow-tailed adee, 1; Brown-headedCowbird, 1; Summer bler, Corn. Yellowthroat. Remarks: Nests Kite, Red-shoulderedHawk, Barred Owl, Tanager, 1; Indigo Bunting, 1. Total: 21 found Carolina Chickadee, 1; Prothonotary Chimney Swift, Ruby•throated Humming- species; 91 territorial males (1124/km2, Warbler, 1. The kite, Turkey and crested bird, Great CrestedFlycatcher, Com. Crow, 455/100 acres). Visitors: Red-shouldered flycatcher were seenonly once. Fish Crow, Am. Robin, Wood Thrush, Hawk, Barred Owl, Chimney Swift, Ruby- Black-and-white Warbler, Yellow-throated throatedHummingbird, Hairy Woodpecker, Warbler, Corn. Yellowthroat, SummerTana- Great Crested Flycatcher, Com. Crow, Fish 28. SWAMP HARDWOOD FOREST IlL get. Remarks: Nests found: Tufted Tit- Crow, Wood Thrush, Yellow-throated --Location: South Carolina, Berkeley Co., 2 mouse, l; Red-eyed Vireo, 1; N. Parula, 1; Vireo, Black-and-white Warbler, Yellow- ml NE of Alvin on the Santee River, Timber Kentucky Warbler, 1. The kite and robin throated Warbler, Corn. Yellowthroat. Re- Compartment 9, Witherbee District, Francis were seen only once. marks: Nests found: Red-eyed Vireo, 2, N Marion Nat'l Forest, Study Plot C-I; Parula, 1. The hummingbirdand vireo were 33ø22'N, 79ø47'W, Bonneau Quadrangle, seen only once. USGS. Continuity: New. Size: 8.09 ha = 20 29. SWAMP HARDWOOD FOREST IV. acres (rectangular, 368 x 264 yds, measured -- Location:South Carolina, Berkeley Co., 2 by pacingand compass).Description of Plot: mi NE of Alvin on the Santee River, Timber 30. VIRGIN HARDWOOD BOTTOM- This swamp hardwood forest has a canopy of Compartment9, Witherbee District, Francis LAND SWAMP FOREST. -- Location: various hardwoodtree species.The under- Marion Nat'l Forest, Study Plot C-ll; South Carolina; Richland Co., Congaree story includes Red Maple (Acer rubrum), 33ø22'N, 79ø47'W, Bonneau Quadrangle, Swamp Nat'l Monument, 16 mi SE Colum- Am Elm (Ulmus americana), PossumHaw USGS. Continuity: New. Size: 8.09 ha = 20 bia; 33øN, 80ø49'W, Gadsden Quadrangle, (Ilex decidua), Red Mulberry (Morus rubra), acres(rectangular, 368 x 264 yds, measured USGS. Continuity: Established 1980. Size: Hackberry (Celtis laevigata), Holly (I. by pacingand compass).Description of Plot: 8.1 ha = 20 acres.Description of Plot: SeeAB opaca), Swamp Dogwood (Comus stricta), This swamp hardwood forest is adjacent to 35:57 (1981). Weather: Very dry and warm

60 American Birds, January 1982 Coverage:April 22, 24, 28, May 1, 11, 15, 22, Sctence, Fla State Untv , Tallahassee, FL stncted to a shrubb•er port•on of the plot 29; June 9; between dawn and 1000, EST. 32306. edge. Becauseof the dispersednature of the Total man-hours: 32. Census: N. Parula, 20 Blue Jay registrations (no clustering), one (247, 100); Red-eyed Vireo, 5 (62, 25); Yel- territory should be considered a conserva- low-billed Cuckoo, 3 (37, 15); Acadian Fly- 32. SILVER MAPLE SWAMP. -- Loca- tive estimate.Total numberof Blue Jay regis- catcher, 3; Tufted Titmouse, 3; Carolina tion: Ontario; Campbellville, Mountsberg trationswas 33, meanregistrations/trip were Wren, 3; Cardinal, 3; Red-bellied Wood- Wildlife Centre, 40 P/8h ed.2 (Freelton), 3.3, and registrationswere made on 9 of 10 pecker, 2; Carolina Chickadee, 2; White- Grid #788123, 43ø28'N, 80ø02'W. Con- trips. No attempt was made to determine eyed Vireo, 2; Yellow-throated Warbler, 2; tinuity: New. Size: 9.9 ha = 24.46 acres Brown-headedCowbird density becauseof White-breasted Nuthatch, 1.5; Prothonotary (trapezoidal,measured with tape on ground). the unsuitabilityof the methodology.Brown- Warbler, 1.5; Barred Owl, 1; PileatedWood- Descriptionof Plot: Dominantcanopy trees headed Cowbird registrations were made on pecker, 1; Hairy Woodpecker, 1; Downy are Silver Maple (Acer saccharinurn) and 7 of 10 trips. Shrubstem density is not g•ven Woodpecker, 1; Great Crested Flycatcher, Red Maple (A. rubrum). There are many becausethe methodologypaper was misin- 1, Blue-gray Gnatcatcher, 1; Yellow~ areasof permanentstanding water andsome terpreted. The authors are indebted to the throated Vireo, 1; Hooded Warbler, 1; Sum- areas of intermittent standing water which Halton Region Conservation Authority for mer Tanager, 1. Total: 22 species;60 territo- became increasinglydry toward the end of permissionto publish this study. Thanks to rial males(741/km 2, 300/100 acres).Visitors: the breeding season. One narrow tongue of I.S. Liepins for assistancewith the vegeta- Yellow-crowned Night Heron, Wood Duck, mesicwoods (maple, Beech, Hemlock) con- tion analysis.---M.J. SHARP, (Department Red-shouldered Hawk, Chimney Swift, stitutesapproximately 13% of the plot's area. of Botany and Genetics, Univ. of Guelph, Ruby-throated Hummingbird, Fish Crow, Sensitive Fern (Onoclea sensibilis) is the Guelph, Ontario) and T. N. TOBIAS, School Wood Thrush, Am. Redstart, Corn. Grackle. dominant ground cover in areas not perma- of Urban and Regional Planning, Umv of Remarks: A second year of extreme drought nently coveredby water. A quantitativesur- Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario. again prevailed in swamp; no standingwater vey of the vegetationgave the following re- was present and sloughswere "bone" dry. sults: Trees, 3 in. diameter and over basedon Number of breedingpairs down by 20% from 0.1 acre circular samples, 325/acre; total 33. UPLAND MAPLE FOREST. -- Loca- last year, perhaps in response to drought. basal area 113.4ft 2/ acre. Speciescomprising tion: Ontario; 4.5 mi N of Milton, T•non Northern Parulaby far the dominantspecies, 90% of the total number of trees: Silver Ma- Forestry Tract (Halton Region Conservation being 4 times as abundant as the next most ple, 171, 53, 45.9, 100; Red Maple, 52, 16, Authority Property), 30 M 12/d ed. 1 (Mil- common species,the Red-eyed Vireo; 45% 19.5, 86; Sugar Maple, (A. saccharum) 32, ton), Grid #836229, 43ø33'25"N, 79ø57'50"W of breeders are cavity nesters, while 54% ar• 10, 8.5, 14; Red Ash (Fraxinus pennsyl- Continuity: New. Size: 10 ha = 24.7 acres tropical migrants. One new "hole" in forest vanica), 18, 6, 4.0, 43; White Birch (Betula (measured by tape). Descriptionof Plot: The canopywas createdby fallen old-growthtim- papyrifera), 13,4, 3. l, 43; willow (Salix sp.), dominantcanopy tree is SugarMaple (Acer ber. Nests found (2): Pileated Woodpecker 13,4, 8.3,43. Trees by diameter size class:A saccharum) with an ash (Fraxinus amert- and Cardinal; young Barred Owls seen sev- (3-6in.) 150,46, 15.0, 13.2; B (6-9in.) 101,31, cana and F. pennsylvanica)sub-canopy The eral times during latter census periods, 30.2, 26.7; C (9-15 in.) 67, 21, 53.8, 47.4; D SE corner has a strong Quaking Aspen Thanks to Robert McDaniel, Superintend- (15-21 in.) 6, 2, 10.1, 8.9; E (21-27 in.) l, 0, (Populustremuloides) component as a result ent, CongareeSwamp Nat'l Mort. for permis- 4.3, 3.8. Shrub stems: See Remarks; ground of a former fire. There are numerousrocky sion to conduct study.---JOHN EMMETT cover 60%; canopy cover 60%; average outcropsand ponds,one of which was large CEL Y, Nongame-EndangeredSpecies Sec- canopyheight (est.) 49 ft (range38-60). Edge: enoughto changethe local canopy composi- tton, S.C. Wildlife and Marine Res. Dept., Bordered on 1 side by similar habitat, on 2 tion to Silver Maple (A. saccharinurn)with P O. Box 167, Columbia, SC 29202. sidesby roads and by pastureon the fourth. Largetooth Aspen (P. grandidentata)--E Along the 3 sides of dissimilar habitat, a White Cedar (Thuja occidentalis) edges reasonable buffer was maintained. Topog- Leatherwood (Dirca palustris) and Alter- 31. MATURE BEECH-MAGNOLIA FOR- raphy: Flat. Elevation: 970 ft (299 m). Wea- nate-leaved Dogwood (Cornus alterntfoha) EST. -- Location: Florida; Leon Co., Tall ther: Generally clear and hot with good visi- are typical shrub species. Scattered mature T•mbers ResearchStation, Woodyard Ham- bility; 1 trip partially rained out. Coverage: Red Oaks (Quercusrubra) are likely the re- mock, 22 mi N of Tallahassee; 30ø40'N, 1980: May 26; June 5, 14, 18, 25, 27-28; July mainsof what was once a strongcomponent 84ø15'W, Beachton Quadrangle, USGS. l, 4-5, 0555-0920; and 1845-2045.Total man- which has been decimated by past logging Continuity: Established 1980. Size: 15.75 ha hours: 21.5. Census:Song Sparrow, 7 (71, operations.Trees, 3 in. dia. and over, based = 38.9 acres. Descriptionof Plot: See AB 29); E. Wood Pewee, 5 (51, 20); Black- on seven 0.1 acres circular samples, 35:58 (1981). Weather: Mostly fair. Cover- capped Chickadee, 4 (40, 16); N. Water- 275/acre; total basal area 102.8 ft2/acre age: Apr. 12, 17, 30; May 2, 10, 14, 22, 29. thrush, 4; N. Oriole, 4; Com. Grackle, 4; Speciescomprising 90% of the total number Total man-hours: 24.75. Census: N. Parula, Veery, 3.5 (35, 14); Am. Robin, 3 (30, 12); of trees: SugarMaple, 161,58, 56.2,100, ash 17 (108, 44); Acadian Flycatcher, 14.5 (92, Wood Thrush, 3; Great Crested Flycatcher, species,27, 10, 6.0, 86; Quaking Aspen, 14, 37); Red-eyed Vireo, 9.5 (60, 24); Tufted 2.5; Red-eyed Vireo, 2.5; Com. Flicker, 2; 5, 13.6, 57; Yellow Birch (Betula al- Titmouse, 5 (32, 13); Carolina Wren, 5; Hairy Woodpecker,2; Downy Woodpecker, leghaniensis),20, 7, 5.2, 43; E. White Cedar, Hooded Warbler, 5; Cardinal, 5; White-eyed 2; Brown Creeper, 2; E. Kingbird, 1.5; Tree 11, 4, 1.4, 43; Silver Maple, 10, 4, 10 8, 43, V•reo, 3 (19, 8); Yellow-billed Cuckoo, 2.5; Swallow, 1; Blue Jay, 1; Com. Crow, 1; White Birch (B. papyrifera), 10, 4, 1.5, 29 Ruby-throated Hummingbird, 2.5; Brown- White breastedNuthatch, 1; House Wren, 1; Trees by diameter size class A (3-6 in ) 136, headed Cowbird, 2.5; Red-bellied Wood- Cedar Waxwing, 1; Yellow-throated Vireo, 49, 13.6, 13.2; B (6-9 in.) 71,26, 21.4, 20 8, C pecker, 2; Blue-gray Gnatcatcher, 2; Pileated 1; Ovenbird, 1; Rose-breastedGrosbeak, 1; (9-15 in.) 57, 21,45.9, 44.6; D (15-21in.) 10,4, Woodpecker, 1.5; Great CrestedFlycatcher, Am. Kestrel, +; Least Flycatcher, +; Blue- 17.6, 17.1; E (21-27 in.) 1, l, 4.3, 4.2. Shrub 1 5; Red-shouldered Hawk, 1; Downy gray Gnatcatcher, +; Gray Catbird, +; stems: see Remarks. Ground cover, 50%, Woodpecker,1; Blue Jay, 1; CarolinaChick- Com. Yellowthroat, +; Red-winged Black- canopycover, 84%; averagecanopy height, adee, 1; Louisiana Waterthrush, 1; Wood bird, +. Total: 31 species; 61 territorial 62 ft (range 43-80). Edge: Bordered on all Duck, +; Turkey, +; Barred Owl, +; Hairy males or females (616/km 2, 249/100 acre). sides by at least 75 m of similar habitat Woodpecker, +; Corn. Crow, +; Wood Visitors: Canada Goose, Blue-winged Teal, Topography: Rolling with many limestone Thrush, +; Yellow-throated Vireo, +; Pro- Ruffed Grouse, Am. Woodcock, Com. outcrops. Elevation: 1075 ft (331 m). Wea- thonotary Warbler, +; Kentucky Warbler, Nighthawk, Belted Kingfisher, Pileated ther: Generally clear with good visibility, +; SummerTanager, +. Total: 30 species; Woodpecker,Barn Swallow, Starling,War- wind an inhibiting factor on 2 visits and 83.5 territorial males (530/km 2, 215/100 bling Vireo, Am. Goldfinch. Remarks: Nests lightly rainingon last transectof 1. Coverage: acres). Remarks:This spring was very dry. found: Hairy Woodpecker,2; Downy Wood- 1980: May 26; June 6, 12, 16, 21,23; July 1,4, The creek and the gum pond dried up com- pecker, 1; Tree Swallow, 1. The territoriesof 11; between 0600-0925 and 1900-2055. Total pletely. Thanks to Tall Timbers Research both the Ovenbird and White-breasted man-hours 20. Census:Red-eyed Vireo, 4 5 Station for financialassistance and permis- Nuthatch were associated more with the (45, 18); E. Wood Pewee, 3 (30, 12); Wood sion to conduct research on the plot.- mesic "tongue" of woods than the surround- Thrush, 3; Rose-breasted Grosbeak, 3, TODD ENGSTROM, Dept. of Biological ing swamp. The catbird territory was re- Veery, 2.5; Ovenbird, 2.5; N. Oriole, 2 5,

Volume 36, Number 1 61 Downy Woodpecker, 2, Great Crested Fly- 35. ELM-ASH-BIRCH FOREST. -- Loca- (473/km 2, 192/100 acres) Remarks: Nests catcher, 2; N. Waterthrush, 2; White- tion: Minnesota; Clearwater Co., Univ. of found: 1 Least Flycatcher; 1 Robin; 2 Oven- breasted Nuthatch, 1.5; Corn. Flicker, 1; Minn. Forestry and Biological Station, bird.---DON RAKSTAD and JOHN R Black-capped Chickadee, 1; Am. Robin, 1; Itasca State Park; 47ø10'N, 95ø12'W, Lake PROBST, N. Central Forest Experiment Cedar Waxwing, 1; Corn. Grackle, 1; Scarlet Itasca Quadrangle, USGS. Continuity: Es- Station, USDA Forest Service, St. Paul, MN Tanager, 1; Yellow-throated Vireo, 0.5; tablished 1980. Size: 8.7 ha = 21.5 acres. 55108. Brown-headed Cowbird and Blue Jay, see Descriptionof Plot: See AB 35:58-59 (1981). Remarks; Turkey Vulture, +; Red-tailed Weather: Mostly calm, and clear to partly 37. MATURE BIRCH-ASPEN. -- Loca- Hawk, +. Total: 22 species; 35 territorial cloudy, with average temperatures. Cover- tion:Minnesota; Itasca Co., Chipp?waNat'l males or females (350/km 2, 142/100 acre). age: June 24-July 2, 4; 0600-0900, 0700-0930, Forest, NEIA of SEV4, Sec. 2, T57N, R25W, Visitors: Ruffed Grouse, Pileated Wood- and 1800-2000 hours. Total man-hours: 27. 47ø26'N,93ø28'W; Lawrence Lake W. Quad- pecker, Hairy Woodpecker, Tree Swallow, Census:Red-eyed Vireo, 21 (241, 98); Oven- rangle, USGS. Continuity:New. Size:8.1 ha Barn Swallow, Corn. Crow, Brown Creeper, bird, 19 (218, 88); Least Flycatcher, 11 (126, = 20 acres. Descriptionof Plot: The primary Gray Catbird, Starling, Black-and-white 51); Blackburnian Warbler, 7 (80, 33); Veery, canopy speciesis Paper Birch (Betula papy- Warbler, Am. Goldfinch. Remarks: Nest 4 (46, 19); Black-capped Chickadee, 3; N. rifera) with scattered Quaking Aspen found Turkey Vulture. The Black-and-white Parula, 3; Ruby-throated Hummingbird, 2; (Populustremuloides) and BalsamFir (A bles Warbler was seen only once at the height of Yellow-bellied Sapsucker, 2; Hairy Wood- balsamea). Almost no shrub layer with a tl•e breedingseason and displayedan active pecker, 2; Downy Woodpecker, 2; Great ground cover predominantly of grass, Brac- defense.The registrationsfor Blue Jayswere Crested Flycatcher, 2; Am. Robin, 2; White- ken (Pteridium aquilinum), and Wild Sar- so dispersedthat we felt the number of ter- breastedNuthatch, 2; Black-and-whiteWar- saparilla(Aralia nudicaulis).Edge: Bordered ritories could not be reliably estimated al- bler, 2; Black-throated Green Warbler, 2; on the S by an aspenclearcut (1 year); on the though it was present often enough to be Mourning Warbler, 2; Brown-headed Cow- W, N and E by mixed hardwood-coniferous considered a breeder. Total number of Blue bird, 2; Am. Redstart, 1.5; Rose-breasted forest. Topography:Essentially flat. Eleva- Jay registrations was 20, mean registra- Grosbeak, 1.5; Broad-winged Hawk, 1; tion: 1380-1385 ft. Weather: Normal tem- tions/trip was 2.2, and registrations were Barred Owl, 1; Corn. Flicker, 1; E. Wood peratures; clear to partly cloudy during cen- made on all 9 trips. No attempt was made to Pewee, 1; Am. Crow, 1; Red-breasted sushours. Coverage: May 31; June 1, 14, 17, determine Brown-headed Cowbird density Nuthatch, 1; Brown Creeper, 1; Yellow War- 27, 29; 0500-1100. Total man-hours: 16. Cen- becauseof the unsuitabilityof the methodol- bler, 1; Purple Finch, 1. Total: 29 species;102 sus:Red-eyed Vireo, 8.5 (105, 43); Ovenbird, ogy Total number of Brown-headed Cow- territorial males (1172/km2, 474/100 acres). 6.5 (80, 33); Black-throated Green Warbler, bird registrations was 11, mean registra- Visitors: Ruffed Grouse, Pileated Wood- 3.5 (43, 18);Black-capped Chickadee, 2; Yel- tions/trip was 1.2 and registrations were pecker, Black-backed Three-toed Wood- low-bellied Sapsucker, 1.5; Red-breasted recorded7 of the 9 trips. Shrubstem density pecker, Cedar Waxwing, Blue Jay, Chest- Nuthatch, 1; Scarlet Tanager, 1; Goshawk, is not given becausethe methodologypaper nut-sided Warbler, Corn. Yellowthroat, N. 0.5; Great Crested Flycatcher, 0.5; Barred was misinterpreted. Thanks to D.P. Coul- Oriole, ScarletTanager, Evening Grosbeak, Owl, +; Blue Jay, +; Rose-breastedGros- son, V L. Edge and I.S. Liepins for assist- Chipping Sparrow. Remarks: Black-billed beak, +; PurpleFinch, +. Total: 13 species, ance with the vegetation analysis. We are Cuckoos heard frequently after censusing 25 territorial males (309/km 2, 125/100 indebtedto the Halton RegionConservation completed. Black-throated Green Warbler acres). Remarks: Nests found: Goshawk, 1, Authority for permission to publish this female was observed feeding a Brown- Black-cappedChickadee, 1; Ovenbird, 1.- study ---M.J. SHARP Dept. of Botany and headed Cowbird nestling;no warbler nestl- DON RAKSTAD and JOHN R. PROBST, Genetics, Univ. of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario) ings were present. The grid placement was N. Central Forest Experiment Station, and T N. TOBIAS, School of Urban and changed somewhat from the 1980 census so USDA Forest Service, St. Paul, MN 55108 Regional Planning, Univ. of Waterloo, that the edge effect was minimized; this in Waterloo, Ontario. turn affected the specieslocated in the plot. 38. UPLAND MAPLE-OAK FOREST. -- Special thanks to Frances C. James for in- Location: Wisconsin; Waukesha Co., Falk struction, and to John Morton, Richard Woods Nature Conservancy Area, 3 mi S of 34. WOODED CITY RAVINE. -- Loca- Wiesler, and Jeb Barzen for gathering Waukesha, 2.5 mi S of intersectionof County tion: Ontario; York Co., Toronto, Moore data.--MELISSA NAGEL, 1403 N. Cleve- Highways A and F; 42ø56'N, 88ø14'W, Mus- Park Ravine between Moore Ave. and Chor- landAve., St. Paul, MN55108; and SARAH kego Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity:Estab- ley Park; 43ø41'N, 79ø22'30"W. Continuity: MADSEN, 317 N. Milroy, Olympia, Wa. lished 1977;5 consecutiveyears. Size: 5.4 ha Established 1966; 12 intermittent years. Size: 98502. = 13.3 acres. Descriptionof Plot: SeeAB 32 20 ha = 49.4 acres. Descriptionof Plot: See 66 (1978). Weather: Normal temperatures AB 25 993 (1971). Coverage:Apr. 5, 12, 26; and rainfall throughoutthe period. Coverage: June 1-2, 5-6, 8, 10, 17, 23, 27; July 8; 0630- 36. MATURE ASPEN-NORTHERN June 6, 13, 17, 20, 25; 0600-1030. Total man- 0900 Total man-hours:20. Weather:6 sunny HARDWOODS FOREST. -- Location: Min- hours: 8. Census:Red-eyed Vireo, 3 (56, 23), days, 5 cool days, cloudy; 2 wet days. Aver- nesota; Cass Co., on the Pike Bay Experi- Wood Thrush, 2; E. Wood Pewee, 1.5; Corn age temperature 57.8øF (38ø-65ø). Census: mental Forest, Chippewa Nat'l Forest, NE Vn Flicker, 1; Downy Woodpecker, 1; Great Cardinal, 8 (40, 16); Am. Robin, 6 (30, 12); of SEI/4, Sec. 6, T144N, R30W; 47ø19'N, Crested Flycatcher, 1; Blue Jay, 1; White- Blue Jay, 5 (25, 10); Downy Woodpecker, 4 94ø30'W;Pike Bay Quadrangle,USGS. Con- breasted Nuthatch, 1; Starling, 1; Chestnut- (20, 8), Indigo Bunting, 4; Great Crested tinuity: Smaller subplot of area censusedin sided Warbler, 1; Ovenbird, 1. Total: 11 Flycatcher, 3 (15, 6); Black-capped Chick- 1977 and same as 1979. Size: 13.85 ha = 34.2 species; 14.5 territorial males (269/km 2, adee, 3, Wood Thrush, 3; House Sparrow, 2; acres. Description of Plot: See AB 32:65 109/100 acres). Visitors: Yellow-billed Cuc- Gray Catbird, 1; Starling, 1; N. Oriole, 1; (1977). Weather: Warm, calm and humid first koo, Acadian Flycatcher.--BOB ADAMS, Song Sparrow, 1; Corn. Flicker, +; White- 2 days. Mild, breezy and partly cloudy last 4 VERN AUNE (compiler), S 13 W 22167 breasted Nuthatch, +. Total: 15 species;42 days. Coverage:June 2, 3, 15, 16, 30; July 1; Ridge Road, Waukesha, WI 53186. territorial males (210/km 2, 85/100 acres). 0500-1100. Total man-hours: 18. Census: Remarks: The continuing disappearanceof Least Flycatcher, 22 (159, 64); Ovenbird, open areas owing to natural regrowth, is 14.5 (105, 42); Red-eyed Vireo, 12 (87, 35); E. 39. ASPEN CLEARCUT. -- Location: reflected in the decline, over the 11-year Wood Pewee, 4 (29, 12); Veery, 4; Yellow- Minnesota; Carlton Co., in the Cloquet period of the Corn. Flicker (4 to + ), Mourn- bellied Sapsucker,1.5; Black-cappedChick- Forestry Center, Univ. of Minn., SEV4, Sec lng Dove, (2 to 0), and Song Sparrow, (4 to 1). adee, 1; White-breasted Nuthatch, 1; Yel- 32, T49N, R 17W; Iverson Quadrangle, The Indigo Bunting, after a year's absence, low-throated Vireo, 1; Scarlet Tanager, 1; USGS. Continuity: New. Part of area previ- came back to 4 (avg. for 11 years-4.3). The Purple Finch, 1; Broad-wingedHawk, 0.5; ously censusedin 1977and 1978 as a mature cowbirds, which had paralleled the decline of Downy Woodpecker,0.5; BlueJay, 0.5; Am. Aspen-Birch forest. Size: 9.9 ha = 24 4 the Indigo Buntings, were found in only 4 Robin, 0.5; Brown-headed Cowbird, 0.5; acres. Descriptionof Plot: Density of Quak- scattered locations early in the season.- Hairy Woodpecker, +; Great Crested Fly- ing Aspen (Populustremuloides) variable in ERIC NASMITH, 289 Donwoods Drive, To- catcher, +; Rose-breasted Grosbeak, +. different sections of the plot. Heights from ronto, Ontario, Canada, M4N 2G1. Total: 19 species; 65.5 territorial males 2.5-5 ft. Area clearcut in summer of 1979

62 AmericanBirds, January 1982 Edge: See AB 32. 65 (1978). Topography: species, 19 territorial males (211/km 2, decline, speciestotals have returnedto about Essentiallyflat with a gully in northern part. 86/100 acres). Remarks: Nests found: Com. average. Territorial males, however, have hit Elevation: 1250 ft. Weather: Normal tem- Flicker, 1; SongSparrow, 1; goldfinch,1.- a recordhigh,jumping 44% over 1980figures peratures.Clear to partlycloudy. Coverage: DON RAKSTAD and JOHN R. PROBST, Bird populationsin this area seem to have May 29; June5, 11, 19, 25; July 1; 0600-0930. North Central Forest Experiment Station, bouncedback from earlier extremely harsh Total man-hours:16. Census: Mourning War- USDA Forest Service, St. Paul, MN 55108. winters and benefitedgreatly from the mild bler, 4.5 (46, 18); SongSparrow, 2.5; Indigo winter of 2 years ago and the averagewinter Bunting,2; Com. Flicker, 1; Ruby-throated 42. ASPEN CLEARCUT. -- Location: last year. Bobwhite, whose numberswere Hummingbird, 1; Olive-sided Flycatcher, Michigan; Ontonagon Co.; SEV4, Sec. 8, decimatedby the bad weather, appearedthis 0 5; Am. Robin, +; Chestnut-sidedWarbler, T49N, R39W; 46ø40'N, 89ø10'W; Rockland year as a visitor. Nests found included Am +; Brown-headed Cowbird, +; White- Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity:Established Kestrel, 1; Com. Crow, 1; severalStarhng throatedSparrow, +. Total: 10 species,11.5 1978; 3 intermittent years. Size: 18.5 ha = Young seen: Mallard, Am. Robin--BETTY territorial males (116/km2; 47/100 acres).-- 45.6 acres. Descriptionof Plot: See AB 33:77 CHALLIS, OaklandAudubon Society, 2335 DON RAKSTAD and JOHN R. PROBST, (1979). Weather: Normal temperaturesbut Pontiac Lk. Rd., Pontiac, MI 48054. North Central Forest ExperimentStation, humidityabove normal. Calm, partly cloudy USDA Forest Service, St. Paul, MN 55108. to overcast. Coverage: May 28-29; June 10- 44. OAK-HICKORY FOREST. -- Loca- 11, 24-25; 0500-1100. Total man-hours: 19.5. tion: Illinois;Lake Co., Lake CountyForest 40. ASPEN CLEARCUT. -- Location: Census:Song Sparrow, 7.5 (41, 16); Alder PreserveDistrict MacArthur WoodsAcqui- sition, 500 m NW of intersectionof Rt. 60 and Minnesota, Itasca Co., ChippewaNat'l For- Flycatcher, 5 (27, 11); Mourning Warbler, 4 est, NEVn of SEI/4, Sec. 3, T57N, R25W. (22, 9); Chestnut-sided Warbler, 3.5 (19, 8); St. Mary's Rd.; 42ø14'N,87ø56'W, Wheeling Lawrence Lake W. Quadrangle, USGS. Indigo Bunting, 3.5; White-throated Spar- Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity:New Size: Continuity: New. Size: 10.6 ha = 26.3 acres. row, 3.5; Am. Robin, 2; Veery, 2; Am. Red- 6.0 ha = 14.8 acres (rectangular, N and S Description of Plot: Situated in the same start, 2; Rose-breastedGrosbeak, 2; Kill- sides 200m, E and W sides 300m; laid out clearcuton the W edgeof the plot censusedin deer, 1.5; Am. Woodcock, 1.5; Ruby- with 50mmeasuring tape and compass) De- 1977and 1979(see AB 32: 79, 1978). This site throated Hummingbird, 1.5; Cedar Wax- scriptionof Plot: This woods was heavily is slightly higher, drier, and denser, with wing, 1.5; Am. Goldfinch, 1.5; Black-billed logged100 years ago and lightly logged40 fewer openingsthan the adjoiningplot. Aver- Cuckoo, 1; Com. Flicker, 1; Brown yearsago. The woodsis not clearly stratified ageheight of saplings20 ft. Denseunderstory Thrasher, 1; Black-and-white Warbler, 1; The understoryis thick and visibilityat eye growthof hazel.Edge: Bordered on E, S, and Golden-winged Warbler, 1; Com. Yellow- level is poor. The canopyis 24-29mhigh and W by similar vegetation.Part of S border is throat, 1; Red-wingedBlackbird, 1; Brown- 58% closed. Point-quarteranalysis of 25 swampy with willow thickets; N boundary is headedCowbird, E. Wood Pewee, 0.5; Red- points indicatedcanopy composition to be a young Red Pine plantation. Topography: eyed Vireo, 0.5; Ruffed Grouse, +; Chimney White Oak (Quercusalba) 55%, Shagbark Essentially fiat with slope on S edge. Wea- Swift, +; E. Kingbird, +; Olive-sided Fly- Hickory (Carya ovata) 16%; Red Oak (Q rubra) 15%, White Ash (Fraxinus amen- ther: Normal temperatures;clear to partly catcher, +; Blue Jay, +; Black-capped cloudy duringcensus hours. Coverage:May Chickadee, +; N. Oriole, +; Nashville War- cana) 10% and Swamp White Oak (Q 31, June 4, 13, 17, 27, 29; 0500-1100. Total bier, +; PurpleFinch, +;. Total: 34 species; bicolor)3%. Averagedbh 35.4cm (range15- man-hours: 18. Census:Veery, 5.5 (52, 21); 51.5 territorial males (279/km:; 113/100 80cm), density230 trees/ha. The understory Chestnut-sidedWarbler, 5.5; Mourning War- acres). Remarks: Nests found: Black-billed compositionis Hop Hornbeam(Ostrya wr- bler, 4.5 (42, 17); Rose-breastedGrosbeak, 3 Cuckoo, 1; Veery, 1; Song Sparrow, 2.-- giniana) 44%, hawthorn (Crateagus sp ) (28, 11); White-throated Sparrow, 2.5; DON RAKSTAD and JOHN R. PROBST, 22%, Ironwood (Carpinus carolina) 7%, Golden-wingedWarbler, 1.5; Nashville War- North Central Forest Experiment Station, White Oak 5%, SlipperyElm (Ulmusrubra) bler, 1.5; Ovenbird, 1.5; CanadaWarbler, 1; USDA Forest Service, St. Paul, MN 55108. 5%, Com. Buckthorn(Rhamnus catharttca) 2%, ShagbarkHickory 2% and White Ash, Am. Woodcock, 0.5; Gray Catbird, 0.5; 43. MATURE MIXED HARDWOOD Com. Yellowthroat, 0.5; Com. Flicker, 0.5; Black Cherry (Prunusserotina) and Am FOREST. -- Location: Michigan; Oakland Blue Jay, +; Black-and-whiteWarbler, +; Basswood(Tilia americana) <1% each, den- Co., Southfield Civic Center Nature Area; sity 1176trees/ha. Herbaceousground cover Am. Redstart, +. Total: 16 species;28.5 42ø30'N, 83ø15'W, Royal Oak Quadrangle, territorial males (268/km2; 108/100 acres). averages34%. Edge: Bordered on N, S, and Remarks: Nests found: Chestnut-sided War- USGS. Continuity: Established 1974; 8 con- E by 200-400m of similar forest. Bordered on secutiveyears. Size: 9.3 ha = 23 acres. De- W by 250m of similar forest which then be- bler, 1; Golden-wingedWarbler, 1; 1 wood- cock.--DON RAKSTAD and JOHN R. scriptionof Plot: SeeAB 28:1005-1006(1974). gins to becomeincreasingly mesic as •t ex- Weather: Temperatures 32-60øF. Overcast PROBST, North Central Forest Experiment tendsfor another425m and slopes downward on 4 trips, otherwise clear. Max. wind l0 Station, USDA Forest Service, St. Paul, MN to the DesPlaines River. Topography:Rela- 55108. mph. April tended to be mild, while mid-to tively flat. Elevation: 650 ft. Weather: Nor- late May turned much cooler, which made mal temperatures(50ø-75øF) and precipita- for an early season.Coverage: Apr. 8, 10, 22- tion. Coverage:June 2, 3, 5-7, 10-12, 14-15, 41. ASPEN CLEARCUT.--Location: 23; May 7, 14, 19-21, 24, 29; June 5; 0545- 18, 20-21; 0530-0900. Total man-hours M•chigan; Ontonagon Co., NE%, Sec. 18, 1000, EDT. Total man-hours: 25. Census: 21.75. Census:Ovenbird, 6 (100, 41); Black- T49N, R39W; 46ø40'N, 89ø10'W; Rockland Starling, 14 (150, 61); Cardinal, 12 (129, 52); cappedChickadee, 5 (83, 34); Veery, 4 (67, Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity:Established Com. Flicker, 9 (97, 39); Downy Wood- 27); E. Wood Pewee, 3.5 (58, 24); Blue Jay, 1980.Size: 9 ha = 22.2 acres.Description of pecker, 9; Am. Robin, 6.5 (70, 28); Blue Jay, 3.5; Com. Flicker, 3 (50, 20); Cedar Wax- Plot: SeeAB 35:59 (1981).Aspen now aver- 6 (64, 26); Ring-necked Pheasant, 5.5 (59, wing, 3; Com. Grackle, 3; Hairy Wood- ages4-5 ft in height(range 2.5-10). Not as wet 24); Red-headed Woodpecker, 5 (54, 22); pecker,2; White-breastedNuthatch, 2, Am as last year. Dense ground cover consisting Black-capped Chickadee, 5; Red-eyed Robin, 2; Wood Thrush, 2; Rose-breasted primarily of sedges and asters with some Vireo, 3.5 (38, 15); Great Crested Fly- Grosbeak,2; Great CrestedFlycatcher, 1 5, large patches of Willow-herb (Epilobium catcher, 3 (32, 13); Com. Crow, 3; White- Red-belliedWoodpecker, !; DownyWood- sp ). Weather: Normal temperatures but breasted Nuthatch, 3; Ovenbird, 3; Song pecker, 1; Brown Creeper, 1; House Wren, humidityabove normal. Calm, partly cloudy Sparrow, 3; Mallard, 2; E. Wood Pewee, 2; 1; Brown-headedCowbird, 1; Scarlet Tana- to overcast. Coverage: May 28-29; June 10- Tufted Titmouse, 2; Gray Catbird, 2; Wood ger, 1; Cardinal, 1; Rufous-sidedTowbee, 11, 24-25; 0500-110. Total man-hours: 13. Thrush, 2; Red-wingedBlackbird, 2; Canada +. Total: 22 species;49.5 territorial malesor Census:Song Sparrow, 5.5 (61, 25); Mourn- Goose, 1; Am. Kestrel, 1; Hairy Wood- females(826/km 2, 334/100 acres).Remarks: ing Warbler, 5 (56, 23); White-throatedSpar- pecker, 1; Yellow Warbler, 1; Am. Comparisonto 2 previousunpublished cen- row, 3.5 (39, 16); Com. Flicker, 1; Am. Goldfinch, 1; E. Kingbird, 0.5; E. Meadow- suses of this woods (1977, 1979) indicates Robin, 1; Am. Goldfinch, 1; Rufous-sided lark, 0.5. Total: 28 species;108.5 territorial that Brown Creepersare increasingin num- Towbee, 1; Com. Nighthawk, 0.5; Nashville males (1166/km:, 472/100 acres). Visitors: ber and expandingtheir nestinghabitat Th•s Warbler, 0.5; Com. Snipe, +; E. Kingbird, Green Heron, Blue-wingedTeal, Bobwhite, speciesused to nest only in the bottomland +, Tree Swallow, +; Brown-headedCow- Chimney Swift, Cedar Waxwing, Savannah SugarMaple (Acer saccharum)section but •s b•rd, +; Evening Grosbeak, +. Total: 14 Sparrow. Remarks: After several years of now utilizing the drier uplands as well A

Volume 36, Number 1 63 Chestnut-sidedWarbler inhabited the very than 4 •nches of rain fell during the 24-hr kadee, Tufted Titmouse and White-breasted NE edgeof thiswoods and sangconsistently period prior to censusJune 6, causingnest Nuthatch) and the record high densitiesof throughout June. I thank Dale Birkenholz, destruction, damage, or delay. Habitat Acadian Flycatchers (14 in 1981, ll.5 in James Neal, Tom Poulson and Joe Sucheckl changes:the historicmeadow immediately S 1975),Red-bellied Woodpeckers (3.5 in 1981, for their aid and the Lake County Forest of the plot was completelydisrupted by natu- 3 in 1975)and Downy Woodpeckers(3.5 m PreserveDistrict for permissionto studythis ral gaspipeline construction. Coverage: June 1981, 2 in 4 previous years). Although woods and enthusiasticsupport.--SCOTT 6-8. Total party-hours: Approximately 120 Carolina Wrens have become increasingly HICKMAN, BiologyDept., Collegeof Lake (by members and guests of the Wheaton conspicuous in the vicinity of Hueston Co, 19351 W. Washington St., Grayslake, Club). Census:Red-eyed Vireo, 10 (49, 20); Woods State Park sincethe populationwas IL 60030. Wood Thrush, 9 (44, 18); Scarlet Tanager, 8 destroyed during the harsh winter of 1976- (40, 16); Acadian Flycatcher, 6 (30, 12); 1977, none have yet been observed in the Ovenbird, 6; E. Wood Pewee, 4 (20, 8); Ceru- beech-maple forest. Thanks to the ODNR 45. OAK-HICKORY-MAPLE FOREST lean Warbler, 4; Red-bellied Woodpecker, 3 Division of Naturai Areas and Preserves and INTERIOR. --Location: Illinois, McLean (15, 6); Downy Woodpecker,3; Tufted Tit- to Hueston Woods State Park for permission Co, Moraine View State Park, 3 mi S mouse, 3; White-breasted Nuthatch, 3; to conduct researchin the beech-maplefor- Ellsworth; T22, R4E, SE 1/4, Sec 34, Ar- Black-and-white Warbler, 3; Cardinal, 3; est.---JOHN A. SMALLWOOD, Dept. of rowsmith Quadrangle, USGS. Continuity: Yellow-billed Cuckoo, 2; Great Crested Fly- Zoology, Miami Univ., Oxford, OH 45056 Estabhshed1976; 6 consecutiveyears. Size: catcher,2; E. Phoebe,2; Blue Jay, 2; Yellow- 13 0 ha = 32 acres. Descriptionof Plot: See throated Vireo, 2; Worm-eating Warbler, 2; AB 31 43 (1977). Coverage:June 3-5, 19, 23- Kentucky Warbler, 2; Hooded Warbler, 2; 49. OZARK OAK-HICKORY FOREST, 24 Total man-hours: 11. Census: E. Wood Turkey Vulture, 1; Ruffed Grouse, 1; Ruby- SECOND GROWTH. -- Location: Missouri, Pewee, 3 (23, 9); House Wren, 3; Red-eyed throated Hummingbird, 1; Pileated Wood- St. Louis Co., WashingtonUniv. Tyson Re- Vireo, 3; Red-bellied Woodpecker, 2; pecker, 1; Hairy Woodpecker, 1; Carolina search Center, on 1-44, 8 mi. SW of 1-270, Downy Woodpecker,2; Great CrestedFly- Chickadee, 1; Blue-gray Gnatcatcher, 1; 38ø31'N, 90ø34'W, Manchester Quadrangle, catcher, 2; Am. Robin, 2; Wood Thrush, 2; Louisiana Waterthrush, 1; Brown-headed USGS. Continuity: Second BBC; first WB- Cardinal, 2; Com. Flicker, 1; Red-headed Cowbird, 1; Summer Tanager, 1; Indigo PS 1980. Size: 7.85 ha = 19.4 acres. Descrip- Woodpecker,1; AcadianFlycatcher, 1; Blue Bunting, 1; Am. Goldfinch, 1. Total: 33 tion of Plot: See AB 35: 25. Tyson Research Jay, 1, Black-cappedChickadee, 1; Tufted species; 93 territorial males/females Center, acquired from U.S. Army, a fenced T•tmouse, 1; Veery, 1; Kentucky Warbler, 1; (460/km 2, 186/100 acres). Remarks:Twelve 810 ha (= 2000 acre) tract of secondgrowth ScarletTanager, 1; Rose-breasted Grosbeak, nestswere located.The absenceof expected oak-hickory forest, was establishedin 1963 1, Rufous-sided Towhee, 1; Brown-headed species may be temporary. The plot was Censusplot is alongeither side of a fire trail Cowbird, +. Total: 21 species, 32 territorial incorporated in the territories of the Red- through uniform woodlands.An old field is males(247/km 2, 100/100 acres). Remarks:A tailed and Broad-winged Hawks, Barred, located 400 ft S of the S edgeof the plot; two decreasein the number of House Wrens (5 to Great Horned, and ScreechOwls. Breeding small ponds are located600 ft NE of the E 3) and Wood Thrushes (5 to 2) were the status of the Veery could not be established. end of the strip. Weather: On a.m. trips, sky significantchanges from last year. The Veery Specialthanks to Randy Little for extra cen- was clear 4 trips, overcast 3, cloudy 3. On continuesas a summerresident although no sus efforts.---A.H. CLAUGUS (compiler), p.m. trips sky was clear once;overcast once, nest was found. Ovenbirds were absent for 228 S. Lake St., Carey, OH 43316. a.m. temperatures59-76øF, p.m. 70-80ø. No the second consecutive year. DALE E. significantwinds; precipitationwell above B1RKENHOLZ, Dept. of Biological Sci- 48. VIRGIN BEECH-MAPLE FOREST. average. Coverage:June 7-8, 12, 20, 22-24, ences, Ill. State Univ., Normal, 1L. 61761. -- Location: Ohio; Preble Co., Hueston 27-28; July 1; 05:50-09:30 CDT; June 25, 27, Woods State Park, 4 mi N of Oxford near 21:05-22:30 CDT. Census: Unidentified intersectionof Brown and Main Loop Rds.; (probably mostly Carolina)chickadee, 6 (76, 46. BLACK OAK-SASSAFRAS WOODS. SE 1/4,SW 1A, Sec. 34, T6N, R1E, College 31); Tufted Titmouse, 6; Indigo Bunting, 5 -- Location: Indiana; Porter Co., 1.5 mi E Corner Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity: Es- (64, 26); Blue Jay, 4 (51,21); White-breasted intersectionof Rtes 49 and 12, within Indiana tablished 1973;7 intermittent years. Size: 6.1 Nuthatch, 4; Cardinal,4; SummerTanager, 3 Dunes Nat'l Lakeshore. Area bisected by ha = 15acres.Descriptionof Plot: SeeAB28: (38, 15); Red-belliedWoodpecker, 2.5; Yel- country road and bridle path; 41ø39'N, 1009-1010(1974). Weather: May was unsea- low-billed Cuckoo, 2; Downy Woodpecker, 87ø02'W, Dune Acres Quadrangle, USGS. sonably hot and humid with much rainfall, 2; Wood Thrush, 2; Red-eyedVireo, 2; Great Continuity: Established 1974; 8 consecutive typical of mid to late summer; June was Crested Flycatcher, 1.5 (19, 8); Hairy Wood- years Size: 22.22 ha = 54.9 acres. Descrip- warm and dry. Coverage:Apr. 29 to June20; pecker, 1; Am. Robin, 1; Worm-eatingWar- tion of Plot: Wooded dune and sand prairie 0600-1130 hours. Total man-hours: 13. Cen- bler, 1; Scarlet Tanager, 1; Turkey, +; Com area burned in 1971. Dense sucker growth sus;Acadian Flycatcher, 14 (231, 93); Blue- Flicker, +; Pileated Woodpecker, +; E and downed trees make areas impenetrable. gray Gnatcatcher, 6.5 (107, 43); Red-eyed Phoebe, +; Blue-gray Gnatcatcher, +, See AB 28:1007 (1974). Weather: Heavy Vireo, 6.5; Tufted Titmouse, 5 (82, 33); Ovenbird, +; Brown-headed Cowbird, +, stormsand aboveaverage rainfall in Juneand Brown-headedCowbird, 4 (66, 27); Cardinal, Rufous-sidedTowhee, +. Total: 25 species, July Coverage:Apr. 1-July25. Total man- 4; Red-bellied Woodpecker, 3.5 (58, 23); 48 territorial males (611/km2; 247/100 hours 37. Census: Rufous-sided Towhee, 8 Downy Woodpecker, 3.5; Carolina Chick- acres). Visitors: Mourning Dove, Com (36, 15); Field Sparrow, 4 (18, 7); Gray Cat- adee, 3.5; E. Wood Pewee, 3 (49, 20); Yel- Crow, Com. Grackle, Am. Goldfinch. Re- bird, 2; Brown Thrasher, 2; Com. Yellow- low-billed Cuckoo, 2.5; Red-headed Wood- marks: A caprimulgidwas seenon one of the throat, 2; Great Crested Flycatcher, 1; Blue pecker, 2.5; Great Crested Flycatcher, 2.5; two p.m. trips but couldnot be identifiedto Jay, 1, Black-cappedChickadee, 1; Yellow White-breasted Nuthatch, 2.5; Com. species.--R1CHARD W. COLES (com- Warbler, 1; Cardinal, 1;Rose-breasted Gros- Flicker, 2; Wood Duck, 1; Hairy Wood- piler), EMILY BEVER, ROSE ANN BOD- beak, 1. Total: 11 species;24 territorial males pecker, 1; Com. Crow, 1; Yellow-throated MAN, JEAN COOK, MARY FRANCIS (108/km 2, 44/100 acres). Remarks: Increas- Vireo, 1; CeruleanWarbler, 1; House Spar- GOODLOE, FLOYD AND V1 HALLETT, ing densityof understoryis reducingbreed- row, 1; Barred Owl, 0.5; Pileated Wood- SYLVIA HOSSLER, EUGEN1A LARSON lng blrds.--EMMA B. PITCHER 46 E. State pecker, 0.5; Kentucky Warbler, 0.5; Blue (co-compiler), CARMEN PATTERSON, Park BoundaryRoad, Chesterton,IN 46304. Jay, +. Total: 25 species;73 territorial males BILL RUDDEN. A project of the Webster or females (1203/km:, 487/100 acres). Groves Nature Study Society conducted at Visitors: E. Kingbird, Am. Robin, Wood Tyson Research Center, P.O. Box 258, 47. NEOTOMA VALLEY. -- Location: Thrush, Cedar Waxwing, Ovenbird, Louisi- Eureka, MO 63025. Ohio, Hocking Co., Good Hope Township, ana Waterthrush, N. Oriole, Scarlet Tana- NW 1/4, Sec. 16, TI3N, RI8W; 39ø36'N, get, Rose-breastedGrosbeak, Indigo Bunt- 82ø34'W, Rockbridge Quadrangle, USGS. ing, Am. Goldfinch. Remarks:Total number 50. MAPLE-PINE-OAK SECOND- Continuity:Established 1978; 4 consecutive of territorial males or females increased from GROWTH FOREST. -- Location: Mas- years Size:20.2 ha = 50 acres.Description of 51 to 73. Of this increase, 75% resulted from sachusetts;Norfolk Co., Town of Foxboro Plot: SeeAB 33:37-38 (1979). Weather: More the inclusion of early nesters(Carolina Chic- conservation land, off Willow and East

64 American Birds, January 1982 Streets, 42ø04'N, 71ø11'30"W, Mansfield rangle, USGS Continuity:New Size:8 1 ha Ruffed Grouse, Black-capped Chickadee Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity:Established = 20 acres (irregular shape, measured with (10), Blackburman Warbler (4), Ovenbird 1976; 6 consecutive years. Size: 11.8 ha = tape and compass).Description of Plot: Red (11), Rufous-sided Towhee, Song Sparrow 29 2 acres. Descriptionof Plot: See AB 31: 50- Pine-spruce plantationplanted in 1935, with (3). Moderate Gypsy Moth defoliatlon- 51 (1977). Weather: Boston temperature for climax Hemlock forest pockets and transi- DAVID P. ROSGEN, RFD, 3 Laurel Way, May was 1.8øFabove normal, for June2.74øF tion hardwoods. Red Pine (Pinus resinosa) Winsted, CT 06098. above; rainfall in May was 2.3 in below nor- and Hemlock (Tsuga canadensis)dominate mal, in June 1.54 in below. Coverage: Apr. the canopy. Principal shrubsinclude Moun- 16, 23; May 4, 12, 18, 22, 25-26, 29-30; June 3- tain Laurel (Kalmia latifolla) and Blueberry 4, 23, 28-29; 0515-1125. Total man-hours:25. (Vacciniumcorymbosum). Principal saplings 53. WHITE PINE-HEMLOCK-NORTH- Census:Veery, 5 (42, 17); Ovenbird, 5; Blue include Am. Beech (Fagus grandifolia), Red ERN HARDWOODS FOREST. -- Location: Jay, 4 (34, 14); Rufous-sided Towhee, 4; Maple (Acer rubrum), and Hemlock. Princi- Connecticut; Litchfield Co., on the Phelps Corn. Yellowthroat, 3 (25, 10); Scarlet Tana- pal ground cover includesWild Sarsaparilla Research Area of the Nature Conservancy in ger, 3; Cardinal, 3; Tufted Titmouse, 2.5; (Aralia nudicaulis). Canada Mayflower (Un- the NW corner of Colebrook; 42ø01'00"N, Black-cappedChickadee, 2; White-breasted ifolium canadensis), Star-flower (Trientalis 73ø07'3if'W,Tolland Center and Sandersfield Nuthatch, 2; Wood Thrush, 2; Blue-winged americana), Wild Oats (Uvularia sessifolia), Quadrangle, Mass.-Conn. 1958, photo- Warbler, 2; Corn. Flicker, 1; Great Crested Clintonia borealis, Solomon's Seal (Poly- revised 1969. Continuity:Established 1979, 3 Flycatcher, 1; Corn. Crow, 1; Gray Catbird, gonatum bifiorum), and Running Pine (Ly- consecutiveyears. Size: 14.3ha = 35 3 acres 1, Black-and-white Warbler, 1; N. Oriole, 1; copodium complanatum). A quantitative (initially treated as two separate censuses, Corn. Grackle, 1; Broad-winged Hawk, +; survey of the vegetationgave the following currently as one). Descriptionof Plot: See AB Ruffed Grouse, +; Downy Woodpecker, +; results: trees 3 in. in diameter and over based 34:56 (1980). Weather: (1980) Precipitation Am. Robin, +. Total: 23 species; 44.5 ter- on 7 0.1-acre circular plots, 530 trees/acre; below average. Clear weather was encoun- ritorial males or females (377/km 2, 152/100 total basal area 135 ft.2/acre. Species con- tered on each of the 5 trips. Coverage:June acres). Visitors: Barn Swallow, Brown stituting 95% of the total number of trees; 15, 24, 28; July 2, 9; 0500-1000, EDT Total Thrasher, Starling, Field Sparrow. Remarks: Red Pine, 156, 34, 45, 57; Hemlock, 67, 15, man-hours: 20. Census(1980): Black-capped Nests found: flicker, crow, chickadee, 29, 43; Red Maple, 56, 12, 8, 43; dead trees, Chickadee, 6 (42, 17); Ovenbird, 6; Wood grackle, I each; Blue Jay 2. The absenceof 56, 12, 6, 71; Black Spruce (Picea mariana), Thrush, 5 (35, 14); Red-eyed Vireo, 5, Blue cuckoos correlates with a low density of 37, 8, 3, 14; Norway Spruce (P. abies), 30, 7, Jay, 4 (28, 11); Veery, 4; White-throated Gypsy Moths. A $ Brown-headed Cowbird 5, 29; White Spruce (P. glauca), 30, 7, 4, 29. Sparrow, 4; Black-and-whiteWarbler, 3 (21, was observed on May 26.--WILLIAM E. Trees by diameter size class: A (3-6 in.) 96, 8); Brown Creeper, 2; BlackburnJanWar- DAVIS, JR., College of Basic Studies, Bos- 22, 4, 71; B (6-9 in.) 163, 25, 12, 71; C (9-15 bler, 2; E. Wood Pewee, 1; White-breasted ton Univ., Boston, MA 02215. in.) 174, 53, 84, 100. Shrub stems/acre2250; Nuthatch, 1; House Wren, 1; Black-throated ground cover, 50%; shrub cover, 40%; Green Warbler, 1; Chestnut-sided Warbler, canopy cover, 80%; canopy height, 67 ft 1; Scarlet Tanager, 1; Cardinal, 1; Ruffed 51. CLIMAX HEMLOCK-WHITE PINE (range 40-78 ft). Edge: Bordered on N by Grouse, 0.5; E. Phoebe, 0.5; Com. Yellow- FOREST, WITH TRANSITION HARD- northernhardwoods; E by gravel parkinglot; throat, 0.5; Rose-breasted Grosbeak, 0 5, WOODS. -- Location: Connecticut; Litch- SE by a stream with marshy edges; S by SongSparrow, 0.5; Com. Flicker, q-; Downy field Co., White Memorial Foundation, semi-permanentstream and similar habitat; Woodpecker, +; Red-breasted Nuthatch, Litchfield, 41ø43'20"N, 73ø12'W, Litchfield SW by a bog; W by mixed forest. Topog- +; Gray Catbird, +; Am. Robin, +, Cedar Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity:Established raphy: Gently slopingfrom N and center to Waxwing, +; Yellow-rumped Warbler, +, 1965; 15 intermittent years. Size: 10.52 ha = E, S, and W, with numerouspoorly drained Am. Redstart, + ;Red-wingedBlackbird, +, 26 acres. Description of Plot: See AFN areas. Elevation: 1150 ft. Weather: Mostly Brown-headed Cowbird, q-. Total: 32 19 594-595(1965). Coverage:Apr. 9; June 2- clear, light winds, and mild. Temperatures species; 50.5 territorial males (353/km 2, 3, 7-11. Total man-hours:14. Census:Black- 45-85øF. Much drier than normal. Coverage: 143/100 acres). Remarks: A change of census burnJanWarbler, 16 (152, 62); Ovenbird, 10 Apr 26; May 3, 13-14, 19, 21, 23, 25, 31; June takers, late-startand reductionto only 5 trips (95, 38); Black-throatedGreen Warbler, 8 1, 7, 15, 23, 29, 30; 0500-2100hrs. Total man- may partly explain the lower numbersfrom (76, 31); Veery, 7 (67, 27); Black-capped hours: 53. Census:Ovenbird, 12 (148, 60); the previousyear, ie., BlackburnJanWarbler Chickadee, 6 (57, 23); Scarlet Tanager, 5 (48, Blackburnian Warbler, 5 (62, 25); Black-and- down from 12 to 2. This also may reflect a 19); Brown Creeper, 4 (38, 15); Red-eyed white Warbler, 3(37, 15);Black-capped Chic- difference in the individuals involved Wea- Vireo, 3.5 (33, 13); Blue Jay, 3 (29, 12);Red- kadee, 2.5; Red-breasted Nuthatch, 2.5; ther: (1981): Overcast 6 of the 9 trips, with breastedNuthatch, 3; Solitary Vireo, 3; Pine Blue Jay, 2; Brown Creeper, 2; Magnolia light rain on 1. Rainfall was still slightlybe- Warbler, 3; Great Crested Flycatcher, 2.5; Warbler, 2; Black-throated Blue Warbler, 2; low average for the spring. Coverage: May Com. Crow, 2.5; Ruby-throated Humming- Hermit Thrush, 1.5; Veery, 1.5; Solitary 10, 16, 25, 31; June 6, 13, 20; July 2, 8, 0500- b•rd, 2; White-breasted Nuthatch, 2; Am. Vireo, 1.5; Scarlet Tanager, 1.5; Purple 1100 and 1700-2100, EDT. Total man-hours: Robin, 2; Wood Thrush, 2; Black-and-white Finch, 1; Rufous-sided Towhee, 1; Red- 34. Census(1981): Ovenbird, 9.5 (66, 27), Warbler, 2; Com. Yellowthroat, 2; Brown- shouldered Hawk, 0.5; Ruffed Grouse, 0.5; Wood Thrush, 9 (63, 25); Veery, 7 (49, 20), headed Cowbird, 2; Barred Owl, 1.5; Song Tufted Titmouse, 0.5; Red-eyed Vireo, 0.5; Red-eyed Vireo, 7; Black-capped Chick- Sparrow,1.5; Broad-wingedHawk, 1; Hairy Black-throat Green Warbler, 0.5; Louisiana adee, 5 (35, 14); Black-and-whiteWarbler, 5, Woodpecker, 1; Downy Woodpecker, 1; Waterthrush,0•5; Corn. Yellowthroat, 0.5; Blue Jay, 4 (28, 11); Brown Creeper, 3 5 (25, Yellow-rumpedWarbler, 1; Com. Grackle, Canada Warbler, 0.5; N. Oriole, 0.5; Dark- 10); White-breasted Nuthatch, 2.5; Black- 1, Cardinal, 1; Purple Finch, 1; Mourning eyed Junco, 0.5; Saw-whet Owl, +; Pileated burnian Warbler, 2; Black-throated Green Dove, 0.5; Great Horned Owl, 0.5; Yellow- Woodpecker, +; Great Crested Flycatcher, Warbler, 2; Scarlet Tanager, 2; White- billed Cuckoo, +; Black-billed Cuckoo, +; +; E. Wood Pewee, +; Song Sparrow, +. throated Sparrow, 2; Rose-breasted Gros- PlleatedWoodpecker, +. Total: 35 species; Total: 30 species; 46 territorial males beak, 1.5; Mourning Dove, 1; Yellow-billed 101.5 territorial males (965/km2, 390/100 (568/km 2, 230/100 acres). Visitors: Broad- Cuckoo, 1; Corn. Flicker, 1; Yellow-bellied acres).Remarks: A very stableplot with no winged Hawk, Barred Owl, Yellow-bellied Sapsucker, I; Downy Woodpecker, 1, E s•gnificantchanges. An illustrationof this is Sapsucker, Hairy Woodpecker, Downy Wood Pewee, 1; Red-breasted Nuthatch, 1, the increase in 0.5 territorial males over last Woodpecker, Com. Crow, White-breasted Yellow-rumped Warbler, 1; Brown-headed year.---ANDREW MAGEE, 34 Hobson St., Nuthatch, Am. Robin, Blue-gray Gnat- Cowbird, 1; Hairy Woodpecker, 0.5; Chest- Springffield,MA 01109. catcher, Golden-crowned Kinglet, Cedar nut-sided Warbler, 0.5; Cardinal, 0.5, Song Waxwing, Blue-winged Warbler, Yellow- Sparrow, 0.5; Am. Robin, +; Yellow War- 52. RED PINE PLANTATION-CLIMAX rumped Warbler, Pine Warbler, N. Water- bler, +; Canada Warbler, +; Am. Redstart, HEMLOCK FOREST WITH TRANSITION thrush, Am. Goldfinch, White-throated +. Total: 31 species;73 territorial malesor HARDWOODS. -- Location: Connecticut; Sparrow. Remarks: Nests found: Black females (511/km2; 207/100 acres). Visitors: Hartford Co., on the S side of Rt. 20, in the capped Chickadee; Black-throated Blue Ruffed Grouse, Black-billed Cuckoo, town of Hartland, 1 mi W of E Hartland, Warbler, 2; Blackburnian Warbler, 1; Oven- Pileated Woodpecker, Great Crested Fly- 42ø00'30"N,72ø55'30"W, W Granville Quad- bird, 3; ScarletTanager, 1. Young observed: catcher, E. Phoebe, Barn Swallow, Am

Volume 36, Number 1 65 Crow, House Wren, Gray Catbird, Pine War- DEANNA K DAWSON, Mtgratory Btrd ha = 22 97 acres Descriptionof Plot: SeeAB bier, Blue-winged Warbler, Louisiana and Habitat Research Laboratory, U.S. 33:69 (1979). Weather: May was warmer and Waterthrush, Com. Yellowthroat, Red- Fish and Wildlife Service, Laurel, MD20708. drier than normal (meantemperature 58.3øF, winged Blackbird, N. Oriole, Am. 25-yr average 55.6ø. Precipitation 2.17 in, Goldfinch, Chipping Sparrow, Swamp Spar- 55. BEECH-SPRUCE-MAPLE FOREST. 25-yr average 3.83 in.). June was warmer and row Remarks: Nests found: Yellow-bellied -- Location: New York; Essex Co., 0.75 mi E wetter than normal (mean temperature68 4ø, Sapsucker, 1; Brown Creeper, 1; Ovenbird, of Catlin Lake; 44øN, 74ø15'W, Santanoni 25-yr averge 65.4ø. Precipitation 3.14 in., 25- 1 In addition,adults of the followingspecies and Long Lake Quadrangles, USGS. Con- yr average2.72 in.). Early July was cool with were observedfeeding young: Hairy Wood- tinuity: Established 1980. Size: 19.4 ha = frequent showers. Weather on censustrips pecker, Ovenbird. There was heavy Gypsy 47.9 acres.Description of Plot: See AB 35:64 varied from clear to overcast with light rain Moth defoliation throughoutthe area S of the (1981). An independent sampleof vegetation and fog. Temperatures 38-82ø , wind speeds plot Defoliation was delayed 2-3 weeks in taken in 1981 gave the following results: calm to 5m/s but mostly light. Coverage: Colebrook and was not as completeas it was Trees 3 cm diameter and over, based on 50 May 19, 21,24, 27; June 2, 5, 8, 10, 16-17, 19, to the S. Blackburnian Warbler numbers 0.l-acre circular samples, 486.6/acre; total 24, 27, 30; July 3; 0545-0900EDT. Total man- were far below thoserecorded 3 yearsago.-- basal area 157.3ft:/acre. Speciescomprising hours: 33. Census: Rufous-sided Towhee, RAYMOND BELDING, Windmill Road, at least 90% of the total number of trees: 21.5 (231, 94); Ovenbird, 7.5 (81, 33); N Harwtnton, CT 06791. Dead trees, 200, 41, 21, 100; Beech (Fagus Oriole, 5 (54, 22); Blue Jay, 3 (32, 13); Scarlet grandifolia), 127, 26, 18, 98; Red Spruce Tanager, 2.5; Great Crested Flycatcher, 2, (Picea rubens), 63, 13, 8, 92; Sugar maple Black-capped Chickadee, 2; Brown 54. BEECH-SPRUCE-HEMLOCK FOR- (Acer saccharum), 40, 8, 26, 88; Hemlock Thrasher, 2; Hermit Thrush, 1; Black-and- EST. -- Location: New York; Hamilton Co., (Tsuga canadensis), 15, 3, 8, 58. Trees by white Warbler, 1; Pine Warbler, 1; Com along W shore of Catlin Lake; 44øN, diameter size class: S (3-8 cm) 263, 54, 6.8, 4; Flicker, 0.5; E. Wood Pewee, 0.5; Am 74ø15'W, Long Lake Quadrangle, USGS. A (8-15 cm) 82, 17, 8.2, 5; B (15-23 cm) 43, 9, Robin, 0.5. Total: 14 species;50 territorial Continuity:Established 1980. Size: 23.9 ha = 12.9, 8; C (23-38 cm) 60, 12, 48, 31; D (38-53 males (538/km 2, 218/100 acres). Visitors: 59 acres (3.5 ha addedin 1981). Descriptionof cm) 30, 6, 52.5, 33; E (53-69 cm) 8, 2, 24.6, 16; Mourning Dove, Black-billedCuckoo, Hairy Plot: See AB 35:64 (1981). An independent F (69-84 cm) 0.2, 0.04, 1,1; G (84-102cm) 0.2, Woodpecker,Downy Woodpecker,E. King- sampleof vegetationtaken in 1981gave the 0.04, 1.5, 1; H (> 102 cm) 0.2, 0.04, 1.8, 1. bird, Acadian Flycatcher, Com. Crow, Fish following results:Trees 3 cm diameter and Shrub stems/acre 258; ground cover 48%; Crow, Tufted Titmouse, White-breasted over, basedon 50 0.l-acre circular samples, canopycover 77%; averagecanopy height 18 Nuthatch, Veery, Red-eyed Vireo, Prame 546/acre; total basal area 195.4 ft2/acre. m (range 5.5-30 m). Weather: Temperatures Warbler, Com. Yellowthroat, Red-winged Speciescomprising at least90% of the total and precipitation normal throughout the pe- Blackbird, Com. Grackle, Brown-headed numberof trees: Beech (Fagus grandifolia), riod. Coverage:June 5, 8, 10-12, 18, 20, 25- Cowbird, Cardinal. Remarks: Nests found 234, 43, 13, 100; dead trees, 98, 18, 18, 100; 26, 30, July 1; betweendawn and 1130.Total Rufous-sided Towhee, 2. The decline in Red Spruce (Picea rubens), 98, 18, 14, 98; man-hours:45. Census:Red-eyed Vireo, 25.5 number of speciesand territorial malesnoted Yellow Birch (Betula alleghaniensis),44, 8, (132, 53); Least Flycatcher, 12.5 (64, 26); over the past 3 years has reversed.Numbers 24, 94, Hemlock (Tsuga canadensis),38, 7, Am. Redstart, 12.5; Blackburnian Warbler, of both this year are comparableto those In 17, 86 Trees by diameter size class:S (3-8 11 (57, 23); Black-throated Blue Warbler, 7.5 the first 2 years of the census(1977 and 1978) cm) 286, 52, 7.4, 4; A (8-15 cm) 94, 17, 9.5, 5; (39, 16); Black-throated Green Warbler, 5.5 No noticeable habitat change has occurred B (15-23cm) 52, 10, 15.7, 8; C (23-38cm) 61, (28, 11); Swainson's Thrush, 5 (26, 10); within or near the plot. JAMES CLIN- 11, 48 8, 25; D (38-53 cm) 38, 7, 65.8, 34; E Black-capped Chickadee, 3 (15, 6); Dark- TON, SR. (compiler), CLEVELAND (53-69 cm) 13, 2, 40.3, 21; F (69-84cm) 2, 0.4, eyed Junco, 3; Solitary Vireo, 2.5; Yellow- DODGE, GILBERT RAYNOR and KATH- 7 9, 4 Shrub stems/acre 505; ground cover bellied Sapsucker, 2; Brown Creeper, 2; Yel- LEEN TUOHY, Moriches Bay Audubon So- 50%, canopy cover 90%; average canopy low-rumped Warbler, 1.5; Hairy ciety, Box 802, Center Moriches, NY 11934 height 18 m (range 5.5-26.5 m). Weather: Woodpecker, 1; Downy Woodpecker, 1; Temperatures and precipitation normal White-breasted Nuthatch, 1; Scarlet Tana- 57. PITCH PINE-SCRUB OAK BAR- throughout period. Coverage:June 3, 8, 10- ger, 1; White-throated Sparrow, 1; E. Wood RENS. -- Location: New York; Suffolk Co, 12, 18, 25, 27-28; between dawn and 1130. Pewee, 0.5. Total: 19 species; 99 territorial Westhampton,0.6 mi S 6f StateRoad 27 and Total man-hoars: 43.5. Census: Blackbur- males (511/km 2, 207/100 acres). Visitors: 0.9 mi W of County Road 31; 40ø51'23"N, man Warbler, 28 (117, 47); Red-eyed Vireo, Ruffed Grouse, Ruby-throated Humming- 72ø39'46"W, Eastport Quadrangle, USGS 26 5 (111, 45); Am. Redstart, 11.5 (48, 19); bird, Pileated Woodpecker, Blue Jay, Com. Continuity: Established 1977;5 consecutive Black-throated Green Warbler, 10 (42, 17); Crow, Red-breasted Nuthatch, Winter years. Size:9.67 ha = 23.9 acres.Description SwaInson's Thrush, 9 (38, 15); Black- Wren, Wood Thrush, Veery, Golden- of Plot: See AB 33:68 (1979). Weather: See throated Blue Warbler, 7.5 (31, 13); Solitary crowned Kinglet, N. Parula, Magnolia War- Census 56. Coverage:May 5, 13, 18, 21, 24, Vireo, 6 (25, 10); Black-cappedChickadee, 5 bler, Chestnut-sided Warbler, Ovenbird, June 1, 5-6, 8, 28; July 3-4; 0525-0820, EDT (21, 8), Ovenbird, 4 (17, 7); Magnolia War- Mourning Warbler, Com. Yellowthroat, Total man-hours: 25. Census: Rufous-sided bier, 4; Brown Creeper, 3 (13, 5); Golden- Rose-breastedGrosbeak, Purple Finch. Re- Towhee, 19 (196, 79); Prairie Warbler, 16 crowned Kinglet, 3; Yellow-rumped War- marks: Nests found: Yellow-bellied Sap- (165, 67); Field Sparrow, 5 (52, 21); Brown bler, 3, Winter Wren, 2.5; ScarletTanager, 2; sucker, Downy Woodpecker, Least Fly- Thrasher, 4 (41, 17); Com. Yellowthroat, 1 Yellow-bellied Sapsucker, 1.5; Broad- catcher, Black-throated Blue Warbler, Total: 5 species; 45 territorial males winged Hawk, 1; Hairy Woodpecker, 1; Black-throated Green Warbler, Dark-eyed (465/km2, 188/100 acres). Visitors: Marsh Ruby-throatedHummingbird, 1; Black-and- Junco. This study was conducted at the Hawk, Mourning Dove, Black-billed Cuc- white Warbler, 1; E. Wood Pewee, 0.5. To- Adirondack Ecological Center, SUNY Col- koo, Whip-poor-will, Chimney Swift, Com tal: 21 species; 131 territorial males legeof EnvironmentalScience and Forestry, Flicker, Great Crested Flycatcher, Tree (549/km2, 222/100 acres). Visitors:Pileated Newcomb, NY. BARRY R. NOON, SAM Swallow, Barn Swallow, Blue Jay, Com Woodpecker, Downy Woodpecker, Great DROEGE, ROBIN A. BINGHAM, and Crow, Black-capped Chickadee, Mockang- Crested Flycatcher, Least Flycatcher, Blue DEANNA K. DAWSON, Migratory Bird bird, Red-winged Blackbird, N. Oriole, Jay, White-breastedNuthatch, Red-breasted and Habitat Research Laboratory, U.S. Com. Grackle, Brown-headed Cowbird. Re- Nuthatch, Wood Thrush, Veery, Rose- Fish and Wildlife Service, Laurel, MD 20708. marks: Nest found: Field Sparrow. Rufous- breastedGrosbeak, Purple Finch. Remarks: sided Towhee numbers were double those of Nests found: Broad-winged Hawk, Yellow- 1980 and well above those of earlier years bellled Sapsucker,Black-capped Chickadee, 56. SECOND-GROWTH OAK-PINE Other speciesdid not change significantly Swalnson's Thrush, Black-throated Blue FOREST. -- Location: New York: Suffolk No apparent habitat change occurred- Warbler. This study was conducted at the Co., Upton, near NE cornerof Brookhaven ROBERT ADAMO, EDWARD KEMN1T- Adirondack Ecological Center, SUNY Col- Nat'l Laboratory property, 6000ft S of State ZER (compiler), GILBERT RAYNOR, AL legeof EnvironmentalScience and Forestry, Rd 25; 40ø53'16"N, 72ø51'53"W, Wading and BARBARA SCHERZER, MorichesBay Newcomb, NY.---BARRY R. NOON, SAM River Quadrangle, USGS. Continuity: Es- Audubon Society, Box 802, Center DROEGE, ROBIN A. BINGHAM, and tablished1977; 5 consecutiveyears. Size:9.3 Moriches, NY 11934.

66 American Birds, January 1982 58. UI: • AND MAPLE-HEMLOCK FOR- June (2 55 in, 3 52 in ) was normal but July oughcoverage and perhaps also to the effects EST. -- I•, •tion: New York; Albany Co., rainfall totalled 6.53 in. which was higher of more gypsy moth defoliation. Overall, ap- Town of Knox 0.4 mi S intersection of State than normal. Four days of sub-30ø low tem- proximately 40% of the tree foliage was de- Rt 156 and Co. Rt 254; 42ø40'20"N, peratures in the first half of May and a bad stroyed by gypsy moth. Oaks, especially 74ø07'00"W, Altag•.ont Quadrangle, USGS. windstormon June22 were the only weather Quercus velutina, Q. prinus, and Q alba, Continuity: New. St•e: 10.64 ha = 26.29 factorsthat may have had a deleteriouseffect were hit very hard with almost all foliage acres (measured, grid). Descriptionof Plot: on nest success. Coverage: May 8, 20, 27; consumed. Nests found (l each): Black- The dominant canopy trues are Sugar Maple June 3, 9, 17, 24; July 3, 9, 17, 27; August 3, capped Chickadee, Wood Thrush, Red-eyed (Acer saccharum) and E. Hemlock (Tsuga 12; 0625-2010, EDT. Total man-hours: 20. Vireo, Black-and-white Warbler, Scarlet canadensis).Most prominent in the under- Census:Black-throated Green Warbler, 16 Tanager. In addition, yo•-,•g Great Crested story are Sugar Maple, blackberry and rasp- (96, 39); Blackburnian Warbler, 12 (72, 29); Flycatcher, Blue Jay, kllue-gray Gnat- berry (Rubus sp.). The ground cover is Magnolia Warbler, 10 (60, 24); Golden- catcher, Indigo Bunting, Rufous-sidedTow- primarily Sugar Maple. A quantitative sur- crowned Kinglet, 5 (30, 12); Dark-eyed hee, and Chipping Sparrow were observed vey of the vegetation gave the following re- Junco, 5; Blue Jay, 4 (24, 10); Black-capped Cedar Waxwing was a new breeding species sults: Trees 3-in diameter and over, based on Chickadee, 4; Yellow-rumped Warbler, 4; J.D. Montgomery and D.G. Richie assisted 6 circular 0.1 acre samples, 257/acre; total Brown Creeper, 3 (18, 7); Am. Robin, 3; Red- with the gypsy moth defoliation study This basal area 87 ft2/acre. Species comprising breasted Nuthatch, 2; Wood Thrush, 2; census is part of a study supportedby the 90% of the total number of trees: SugarMa- Cedar Waxwing, 2; Ovenbird, 2; Corn. Yel- PennsylvaniaPower and Light Company -- ple, 154, 59, 60, 83; Hemlock, 61, 23, 26, 67; lowthroat, 2; Brown-headed Cowbird (fe- DOUGLAS A. GROSS, lchthyological As- Am. Hop Hornbeam (Ostrya virginiana), 3, males), 2; Indigo Bunting, 2; ChippingSpar- sociates, Inc., R.D. 1, Berwick, PA 18603 2, 1, 33; Black Birch (Betula lenta), 2, 1, O, row, 2; Downy Woodpecker, 1; House 17, White Ash (Fraxinus americana), 2, 1, 1, Wren, 1; Veery, 1; Solitary Vireo, 1; Nash- 61. MIXED OAK-PINE FOREST II. -- 17, dead trees, 35, 14, 12, 67. Trees by diame- ville Warbler, 1; Canada Warbler, 1; Scarlet Location: Pennsylvania; Luzerne Co, 3 4 ter size class: A (3-6 in.) 77, 30, 7.7, 6; B (6-9 Tanager, l; Cardinal, 1; Purple Finch, l; km NE of Beach Haven and 2.8 km NW of in ) 64, 25, 19.2, 14; C (9-15 in.) 99, 39, 79.4, White-throated Sparrow, 1; Song Sparrow, Wapwallopen; 41ø05'N, 76ø07'W, Berwlck 57, D (15-21 in.) 13, 5, 23, 16; E (21-27 in.) 3, 1; Turkey, +; Barred Owl, +; Pileated Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity: Established 1, 9.9, 7. Shrub stems/acre 9750; ground Woodpecker, +; White-breasted Nuthatch, 1977; 5 consecutive years. Size: 11.05 ha = cover 88%; canopy cover 71%; average +; Red-eyed Vireo, +; Rose-breastedGros- 27.3 acres. Descriptionof Plot: See AB 33 70 canopy height 76 ft (range 64-100). Edge: beak, +. Total: 35 species; 93 territorial (1979). Weather: Like Mixed Oak-Pine For- Similar forest on the S, brushlotbuffered by males (560/km2; 227/100 acres). Remarks: est I, but with mean temperature during cen- 300 ft on the N, hay field on E and W buffered Nests found: Am. Robin, 1; House Wren, 1; suses60øF (16øC) and cloud cover typically by at least 150 ft. Topography:Two-thirds White-throated Sparrow, 1. A Barred Owl overcast, sometimes foggy near dawn relatively flat; 20 ft drop in elevation on E with 2 youngwas seenon every Junecensus. Coverage:May l, 12, 19, 28; June3, 5, 16-17, slope which runs from NE corner to center A treed Black Bear cub on the June 3 census 23; July 3, 7-8, 16, 0430-0930, EST Total then to SE corner. Elevation: 1480-1500 ft. provided reason for subsequent alertness! man-hours: 45. Census: Rose-breasted Gros- Coverage:May 8, 22; June 9, 11, 19, 30; July Appreciation to Gaylord Rough for weather beak, 6 (54, 22); Blue Jay, 5 (45, 18); Brown- 10, 17; 0540-0907. Total man-hours: 20. Cen- data and to Reed Van Kaynor for assist- headed Cowbird, 5; Wood Thrush, 4 5 (41, sus: E. Wood Pewee, 10.5 (99, 40); Wood ance. ELIZABETH W. BROOKS, Water- 16); Scarlet Tanager, 4.5; Black-capped Thrush, 10 (94, 38); Red-eyed Vireo, 9 (85; wells Rd., Alfred Station, NY 14803. Chickadee, 3.5 (32, 13); Tufted Titmouse, 34), Ovenbird, 9; Black-throated Blue War- 3.5; Red-eyed Vireo, 3 (27, 11); E. Wood bler, 8 (75, 30); Brown headed Cowbird, 7 60. MIXED OAK-PINE FOREST I. -- Lo- Pewee, 2; Am. Robin, 2; Ovenbird, 2, Yel- (66, 27); White-breasted Nuthatch, 5 (47, 19); cation: Pennsylvania; Luzerne Co., 1.6 km low-billed Cuckoo, 1.5; Downy Wood- Veery, 5; Scarlet Tanager, 5; Great Crested NNE of Wapwallopen; 41ø04'N, 76ø07'W, pecker, 1.5; Hooded Warbler, 1.5; Rufous- Flycatcher, 4 (38, 15); Yellow-bellied Sap- SybertsvilleQuadrangle, USGS. Continuity: sided Towhee, 1.5; Corn. Flicker, 1; Brown sucker,3.5 (33, 13); Blue Jay, 3 (28, 11); Am. Established 1977;5 consecutiveyears. Size: Creeper, 1; Gray Catbird, 1; Cedar Wax- Robin, 3; Downy Woodpecker, 2; Black- 6 ha = 14.8 acres. Descriptionof Plot: See AB wing, 1; Black-and-white Warbler, 1; Cardi- capped Chickadee, 1; Am. Redstart, 1; 33:70 (1979). Weather: May, 17% below nal, l; Great CrestedFlycatcher, 0.5; White- Ruffed Grouse, +. Total: 17 Species, 86 average precipitation, otherwise near normal breasted Nuthatch, 0.5; N. Oriole, 0.5, Hairy territorial males (808/kin 2, 327/100 acres). weather. During censuses,temperatures av- Woodpecker, +; House Wren, +; Blue-gray Visitors: Broad-winged Hawk, House Wren, eraged 59øF (15øC) with light winds and vari- Gnatcatcher, +; Veery, +; Chestnut-sided Solitary Vireo, Corn. Yellowthroat, N• able (usuallypartly cloudy)skies. Coverage: Warbler, +; Corn. Yellowthroat, +, Am Oriole, Rose-breastedGrosbeak, Chipping Apr. 29; May 8, 18, 27; June 4, 10, 19, 24, 26; Redstart, +. Total: 31 species; 54.5 pmrs Sparrow, Song Sparrow, Remarks: This 68- July 1-2, 10; 0430-0900, EST. Total man- (493/km 2, 200/100 acres). Visitors: Sharp- acre stand had 695 trees (210.8 MBF) har- hours:36. Census:Black-capped Chickadee, shinned Hawk, Red-tailed Hawk, Broad- vestedin 1979. A 30-ft wide mowed pipeline 4.5 (75, 30); Scarlet Tanager, 4 (67, 27); Red- winged Hawk, Ruffed Grouse, Mourning right-of-way cuts across the center of the eyed Vireo, 3.5 (58, 24); Brown-headedCow- Dove, Black-billed Cuckoo, Corn. Crow, plot. Three observationsof a Ruffed Grouse bird, 3.5; Ovenbird, 3 (50, 20); Blue Jay, 2.5; Worm-eating Warbler, Blue-winged War- brood were made, but no drumminghad been Yellow-billed Cuckoo, 2; Great Crested Fly- bler, Corn. Grackle, House Finch, Am heard during spring visits. Nests located: catcher, 2; Wood Thrush, 2; Cedar Wax- Goldfinch, Chipping Sparrow. Remarks: Wood Thrush, 1; E. Wood Pewec, 3.-- wing, 2; Black-and-white Warbler, 2; E. There was an overall increase for the fourth NATHAN T. TRIPP and ALAN MARTEL, Wood Pewee, 1.5; Blue-gray Gnatcatcher, straight year to a level 48% higher than 1977 NYSDEC, Rte 10, Stamford, NY 12167. 1.5; Corn. Flicker, 1; Tufted Titmouse, 1; Rose-breasted Grosbeak population was Am. Robin, 1; Rose-breastedGrosbeak, 1; twice that of any previous year. Gypsy moth Hairy Woodpecker, 0.5; Downy Wood- caterpillars destroyed approximately 20% of 59. UPLAND MIXED PINE-SPRUCE- pecker, 0.5; Corn. Crow, 0.5; White-breasted the tree foliage in the plot. Most of this HARDWOOD PLANTATION. -- Location: Nuthatch, 0.5; Rufous-sided Towhee, 0.5; defoliation occuredon Quercus veluttna, Q New York; Allegany Co., on the S side of Broad-wingedHawk, +; Ruffed Grouse, +; prinus, and Q. alba. Nests found: Yellow- Brown Rd., Town of Ward, 3.5 mi W of Pileated Woodpecker, +; Red-breasted billed Cuckoo, 1; Blue Jay, 2; Am. robin, 1, Alfred, 42ø7'30"N, 77ø45'W; Andover Quad- Nuthatch, +; Indigo Bunting, +; Chipping Wood Thrush, 2; Red-eyed Vireo, 1, Rose- rangle, USGS. Continuity:Established 1974; Sparrow, +. Total: 28 species;40.5 pairs breasted Grosbeak, 2. In addition, young 8 consecutiveyears. Size: 16.6 ha = 41 acres. (676/km2, 274/100 acres).Visitors: Cooper's creepers and orioles were observed J D Descriptionof Plot: See AB 28:699 (1974). Hawk, Chimney Swift, Ruby-throated Hum- Montgomery and D.G. Richie assistedwith Weather: Data provided by the Alfred mingbird, Worm-eating Warbler, Orchard the gypsy moth defoliation study. This cen- Cooperative Weather Station indicated that Oriole, Red-winged Blackbird, Corn. susis part of a study supportedby the Penn- averagedaily temperaturesin May, Juneand Grackle, Cardinal. Remarks: The 1981 den- sylvania Power and Light Company-- July (53.4øF, 59.8ø, 66.0ø) were well within sity and speciesnumber was the highestin 5 DOUGLAS A. GROSS, lchthyologtcal normal range. Precipitation during May and years. This resultedin part from more thor- Associates, Inc., R.D. 1, Berwick, PA 18603

Volume 36, Number I 67 62. CENTRAL HARDWOOD FOREST (1966) AB 25 1013-1014(1971) The dominant yds, measuredlongitudinally and estimated WITH SCATTERED PINE. -- Location: canopy trees are White Pine (Pinus strobus) laterally). Descriptionof Plot: The hunters' Washington,D.C., Rock Creek Park, lying S and Black Oak (Quercus velutina). Most accessroad to Little Bald Knob separatesthe of Military Rd and W of Rock Creek; prominent in the understory are Witch Hazel plot on its long N-S axis. Soil fertility is very 38ø57'30", 77ø2'40"W, Washington W (Hamamelis virginiana) and Dogwood(Cor- poor. Two small springs are present. The Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity: Established nusflorida). The ground cover is primarily dominant canopy trees are Virginia lhne 1948, 24 intermittent years. Size: Until 1961, New York Fern (Dryopteris noveboracensis) (Pinus virginiana) and Red Maple (Acer rub- 80 acres; Since 1961, 26.3 ha = 65 acres. andBlack Cohosh(Cimicifuga racemosa). A rum). Most prominent in the understoryare Description of Plot: See AFN 2:153-154 quantitative survey of the vegetationgave Mountain Laurel (Kalmia latifolia) and Fet- (1948) Weather: Temperatures averaged: the following results: Trees 3 -in. diameter terbush (Leucothoeeditorurn). The ground April 64øF; May, 61ø; June, 72ø; July 65ø. and over, based on 6 circular samples, cover is primarily Turkey Beard (Xerophy- Weather was in general clear, and record- 221/acre; total basal area 106 ft2/acre. llum asphodeloides),Teaberry (Gaultherta breaking heat did not set in until the latter Speciescomprising 90% of the total number procumbens)and several speciesof mosses part of July. Coverage:Apr. 3, 5, 17, 24; May of trees: White Pine 30, 13.5, 38.8, 83; Black A quantitative survey of the vegetationgave 3, 14, 22, 29; June 4, 14, 18, 25; July 5, 9, 16; Oak 22, 9.7, 17, 66; Red Maple (Acer rub- the following results: Trees 3-in. diameter 0500-0930, EST. Total man-hours:26.5. Cen- rum), 38, 17, 11, 100; White Oak (Q. alba), and over, based on 6 0.1 acre samples, sus: Red-eyed Vireo, 5 (19, 8); Carolina 35, 15.7, 9.5, 66; Tulip-tree (Liriodendron 484/acre; total basal area 140 ft2/acre Chickadee, 4 (15, 6); Tufted Titmouse, 4; tulipifera), 22, 9.7, 9.2, 66; Cucumber tree Speciescomprising 94% of the total number Blue Jay, 3.5 (13, 5); White-breasted (Magnolia acuminata), 33, 1.5, 3, 33; Pignut of trees: Virginia Pine, 115,24, 23.4, 83; Pitch Nuthatch, 3.5; Carolina Wren, 3.5; Wood Hickory (Carya glabra), 10, 4.5, 2.6, 50. Pine, (P. rigida), 70, 14, 15.3, 50; Red Oak Thrush, 3.5; Red-belliedWoodpecker, 3 (11, Trees by diameter size class:A (3-6 in.) 120, (Quercus rubra), 22, 4, 13.6, 66; Chestnut 5), E Wood Pewee, 2.5; Corn. Flicker, 2; 54, 12, 11; B (6-9 in.) 43, 20, 13, 12; C (9-15 Oak (Q. prinus), 17, 4, 10.7, 66; Red Maple, Downy Woodpecker, 2; Veery, 2; Scarlet in.) 38, 17, 30, 29; D (15-21in.) 13, 6, 24, 22; E 105,22, 10.3, 100;Black Birch (Betulalenta), Tanager, 1.5; Great-Crested Flycatcher, 1; (21-27 in.) 3, 1.5, 10, 9.7; F (27-33 in.) 3, 1.5, 42, 9, 6.3,100; E. Hemlock (Tsuga canaden- E Phoebe, 1; Worm-eating Warbler, 1; 16, 15. Shrubstems/acre 7333; ground cover sis), 20, 4, 4.5, 83; dead tres, 37, 7, 3.9, 100, Ovenbird, 1; Corn. Grackle, 1; Cardinal, 1; 9%; canopy cover 85%; average canopy Black Gum (Nyssa sylvatica), 28, 6, 2.7, 50 Corn Crow, 0.5; Broad-winged Hawk, +; height86 ft (range46-117). Edge: One edge is Trees by diameter size class:A (3-6 in.) 256, Brown-headed Cowbird, +; Rufous-sided near a state highway and the other is a cut- 53, 19.6, 14; B (6-9in.) 160,33,48, 34;C (9-15 Towbee, +. Total: 23 species;46.5 territorial over area (cut between 1966& 1971).Topog- in.) 50, 10, 40, 29; D (15-21in.) 15, 3, 27, 19, E males(177/km 2,72/100 acres).Nest located: raphy: Nearly level. Elevation: 2500ft. Wea- (21-27 in.) 1, 0, 5.2, 4. Shrub stems/acre E Phoebe. Visitors: Yellow-billed Cuckoo, ther: Rain every day, partly cloudy for late 49,666; ground cover 33%; canopy cover hleated Woodpecker, Mockingbird, Am. morning trips. Coverage: May 30-June 4. 78%; average canopy height 32 ft (range 25- Robin, large numbers of Cedar Waxwings, Eleven trips between dawn and 0700, EST; 4 42). Edge: Similar vegetationto plot. Topog- Starlings, Corn. Grackles, and Am. late a.m. and 2 late p.m. trips. Total party- raphy: A mountain top ridge with a slopeto Goldfinchesattracted by a caterpillarinfesta- hours: 8.6. Census:Red-eyed Vireo, 6 (99, the W falling about 50 ft. Elevation: 3845 ft tlon Remarks: An infestation of Forest Tent 40); Ovenbird, 4.5 (74, 30); Golden-winged Coverage: May 29; June 2-4, 6-7, 12, 14-15, Caterpillarsand Fall Cankerworms(the most Warbler, 2.5; Black-capped Chickadee, 2; 22, 26, between dawn and 1300hours or 1955- numerous) occurred from late April until Gray Catbird, 2; Chestnut-sidedWarbler, 2; 2110 hours. Total man-hours: 9. Census: early June. Trees, mostly oaks, were 5% to Hooded Warbler, 2; Indigo Bunting,2; Ruf- Canada Warbler, 7 (115, 47); Rufous-sided 50% defoliated, some even 100%. The area of ous-sided Towhee, 2; Wood Thrush, 1.5; Towhee, 4 (66, 27); Black-throated Blue greatest defoliation covered about ten acres Black-and-whiteWarbler, 1.5; Hairy Wood- Warbler, 2; Veery, 1.5; Black-cappedChick- in the N third of the plot. From approxi- pecker, 1; ScarletTanager, 1; Great Crested adee, 1; Great Crested Flycatcher, 05, mately May 13-16 this infested area attracted Flycatcher, 0.5; Turkey Vulture, +; Broad- Pileated Woodpecker, +; Dark-eyed Junco, numerousbirds which camein for food only. winged Hawk, +; Whip-poor-will, +; +; Red-eyed Vireo, +. Total: 9 species;16 Defohation did not radically changethe nest- Pileated Woodpecker, +; Blue Jay, +; territorial males (264/km 2, 107/100 acres) lng pattern except that a Wood Thrush and a Corn. Raven, +; Corn. Crow, +; Tufted Tit- Visitors:Broad-winged Hawk, Great Horned Great CrestedFlycatcher territory, both out- mouse, +; Brown-headed Cowbird, +; Am. Owl, Barred Owl, Blue Jay, Corn. Raven, side the plot in 1980, were added within the Goldfinch, +. Total: 24 species;30.5 territo- and Cedar Waxwing. Remarks: The most affected area. The numberof speciesat 23 is rial males(502/km 2, 203/ 100acres). Visitors: striking feature was the unusually dense h•gher than in recent years. The Worm- Yellow-billed Cuckoo, Black-billed Cuckoo, shrublayer. Thanks to Kathleenand Michael eating Warbler had not nested here before. Corn. Flicker, Downy Woodpecker, E. Finnegan for their help and to Ellen Goetz, Another addition was the Carolina Wren, Phoebe, Worm-eating Warbler. Remarks: Clair Mellinger, Ann Zimmerman, and Sha- returningafter droppingto zero after the hard Nests located:Hairy Woodpecker, 1; Chest- ron Wubben for assistancewith the vegeta- winter of 1977. The total of 46.5 territories is nut-sided Warbler, 1. In 1966 there were 45 tive survey. ELWOOD FISHER and lower than the 61 for 1979but higherthan the territorial males of 19 species.Five years CHARLES ZIEGENFUS, Mathematics & 25 5 for 1980, probably because of better later (1971), after about 40% of the area was Computer Science Dept., James Madison coverage, with 15 trips and 26.5 hours in clear-cut,there were only 20 territorialmales Univ., Harrisonburg, VA 22807. 1981, comparedwith 10 trips and 18 hoursin of 22 species.Now the E side of the plot is 1980 However, the total number of ter- brushy and thus suitable to the Golden- ritories is continually dropping, as reported winged Warbler, Chestnut-sided Warbler, BREEDING BIRDS OF FORESTED previously, becauseof a reductionof vireos, and Indigo Bunting while the W side pro- STREAM GORGES IN THE warblers, flycatchers, Veeries, and Wood vided habitat for the Red-eyed Vireo and BARABOO HILLS, WISCONSIN Thrushes.--ROBERT FORD, JOAN CRIS- Ovenbird becauseof the larger, more mature WELL (compiler), 3519 Jermantown Road, trees. Specialthanks to GeorgeKoch, Glen The following4 censuseswere undertaken Fatrfax, VA 22030. Phillips and members of the Brooks Bird in 1977, each in a separate stream gorge Club for help.--JOE and BILL KINNEY, within the Baraboo Hills. This range is com- HARRIET HOOKER, JOHN JONES, JAY posedof quartzitewith someoverlying sand- 63. WHITE PINE4)AK FOREST. -- Lo- BUCKELEW, and JIM PHILLIPS (com- stone, and contains conifer relics and the cation: West Virginia; Greenbrier Co.; I/2 m piler), 809 Thorn St., Princeton, WV 24740. largesttracts of unbrokenhardwood forest in W of Anthony Creek Road on Big Draft southern Wisconsin; it extends a distanceof Road The centerline starts at 37ø54'5"N, 40 km and rises to an elevation of 445 m (1460 80ø15'11"W, Anthony Quadrangle, USGS ft), approximately 150 m (500 ft) above the and extendsN. Continuity:Established 1966; 64. MOUNTAIN TOP HABITAT. -- Loca- surroundingagricultural lands. The areacon- 3 intermittent years. Size:6.07 ha = 15acres. tion: Virginia; Augusta Co., 6000 ft SW of tains a mixture of northern and southern Descriptionof Plot: Previouslypublished as Reddish Knob; 38ø27'N, 79ø15'W; Palo Alto breedingbird speciesmore characteristicof Relatively Mature Pine-Oak Forest, Big Quadrangle, USGS. Continuity: New. Size: the AppalachianMountains than of Wiscon- Draft Study Area. See AFN 20:627-628 6.07 ha = 15 acres (rectangular, 110 x 660 sin.

68 AmericanBirds, January 1982 The 4 study areas contain nearly all forest Bunting, 2, Mourning Dove, 1, Barred Owl, males (655/km 2, 265/100 acres) Remarks: types occurring within the Baraboo Hills. All 1; Pileated Woodpecker, 1; Hairy Wood- Nests found: Red-tailedHawk, Hairy Wood- 4 gorgesopen onto agriculturallands to the pecker, 1; E. Phoebe, 1; Acadian Flycatcher, pecker, E. Phoebe, Acadian Flycatcher, E south, but are otherwise surroundedby hard- 1; Gray Catbird, 1; Veery, 1; Cedar Wax- Wood. Pewee, Black-capped Chickadee, wood forest. Study boundarieswere estab- wing, 1; Goshawk, +; Cooper's Hawk, +; Gray Catbird, Am. Robin, Wood Thrush, hshed 80 m to either side of the stream bot- Red-tailed Hawk, +; Ruffed Grouse, +; Veery, Blue-gray Gnatcatcher, Red-eyed tom, and each area was 19.4 ha, or ca 1.2 km Am. Woodcock, +; Ruby-throated Hum- Vireo, Blue-winged W•rbler, Louisiana long. Vegetation measurementsare from 96 mingbird, +; Red-headedWoodpecker, +; Waterthrush, Scarlet Tanager, Cardinal, (0 04-ha) circular quadrats in each gorge, Corn. Crow, +; Blue-gray Gnatcatcher, +; Rose-breasted Grosbeak; young Barred usinga modifiedJames and Shugart(AFN24: Yellow-throated Vireo, +; Cardinal, +; Owls and crows food begging; Blue Jay 727-736 (1970) method. Understory stems Am. Goldfinch, +. Total: 38 species;80 ter- fledglings. include all woody vegetation and ferns > 0.5 ritorial males (413/km 2, 167/100 acres). Re- m tall and < 10 cm dbh. In each quadrat I marks: Nests found: Red-bellied Wood- estimated the per cent cover of protruding pecker, Acadian Flycatcher, Blue Jay, 67. FORESTED STREAM GORGE III. -- rocks using4 cover classes,and recorded the Black-capped Chickadee, Wood Thrush, Location: Wisconsin; Sauk Co., Baraboo presenceor absenceof cliffs > 1.5 m tall and Louisiana Waterthrush, Scarlet Tanager, Hills. Pan Hollow. TI IN R5E S.34 SE, T10N trees which emerged < 3 m above the main Rose-breasted Grosbeak. R5E S.3 NE; 43ø22'N, 89ø53'W, Rock canopy; emergent trees were not included in Springs Quadrangle, USGS. Continuity: canopy height measurements. Tree species 66. FORESTED STREAM GORGE II. -- New (1977). Size: 19.4 ha = 47.9 acres De- importance values were calculated by the Location: Wisconsin; Sauk Co., Baraboo scriptionof Plot: Mesic hollowwith low rehef formula: 1/3 (relative density + relative fre- Hills. Baxter's Hollow. TI IN R6E S.32EIA, and no cliffs or conifers. Vegetation rela- quency + relative dominance). Understory S.33 Wl/4; 43ø23'N, 89ø48'W, North Freedom tively homogeneouswith many pole-sized species importance values were calculated Quadrangle, USGS. Continuity: New (1977). maples and basswoods, larger oaks Evi- by the formula: 2/3 relative density + 1/3 Size: 19.4 ha = 47.9 acres. Descriptionof dently logged ca 1950. One hectare of area relative frequency. Special thanks to the Plot: Scattered quartzite and conglomerate logged selectively, ca 1975. Importance Univ. of Wisc. Dept. of Wildlife Ecology, cliffs and talus in lower half of gorge, less values for canopy: Sugar Maple 22, Bass- The Nature Conservancy, Dennis Shipman, extreme upstream. A trout stream and nar- wood 13, Red Maple 12, Red Oak 10, White and Penny and John Mossman. MICHAEL row paved road extend through narrow flat Oak 10, BigtoothAspen 10, Yellowbud Hick- MOSSMAN, 1810 Schlimgen Ave., Madi- bottom of gorge. Many emergent White ory (Carya cordiformis)4, ShagbarkHickory son, WI 53704. Pines 28-36 m tall. Importance values for 4, White Ash 3, Black Ash 3; continuum canopy: White Pine 21, Red Oak 12, Red index 671; live trees/ha 679; basal area/ha 65. FORESTED STREAM GORGE I. -- Maple 11, White Oak 10, SugarMaple (Acer 2514 dm2; dead trees/ha 57. Importance Location: Wisconsin; Sauk Co., Baraboo saccharum) 8, Basswood 8, Yellow Birch values for understory: Musclewood 22, Ma- Hills, Pine Glen, TllN R6E S.35 NI/z; (Betula lutea) 6, Bigtooth Aspen 5, Black ple-leaved Viburnum 11, Sugar Maple 11, 43ø23'N, 89ø45'W, Bamboo and North Free- Ash (Fraxinus nigra) 3, White Birch (B. Ironwood 8, Interrupted Fern (Osmunda dom Quadrangles, USGS. Continuity: New papyrifera) 3; continuum index 604; live claytoniana) 7, Basswood5, Witchhazel 4, (1977). Size: 19.4 ha = 47.9 acres. Descrip- trees/ha 440; basal area/ha 2552 dm2; dead Lady Fern (Athyrium spp.) 4, White Ash 3, tion of Plot: Dry, rocky gorge with talus and trees/ha 59. Importance values for under- Yellowbud Hickory 3; understory stems/ha many quartzite cliffs in lower end. White story: Witchhazel 11, Musclewood 10, Iron- 10,237. Other: canopy cover 76%; ground Pine scattered throughout. Importance wood 8, Sugar Maple 7, Beaked Hazel 6, cover 51%; mean canopy ht 22.3 m (range 16- values for canopy: Red Oak (Quercus Mountain Maple 6, Maple-leavedViburnum 29); cliffs (freq) 0%; emergent trees (freq) borealis) 23, White Pine (Pinus strobus) 15, 6, Black Ash 4, Red Maple 4, White Ash 4; 1%; rock cover 15%. Topography:Relief be- Red Maple (Acer rubrum) 13, White Oak (Q. understory stems/ha 8716. Other: canopy tween stream bottom and side boundaries alba) 10, Basswood (Tilia americana) 9, cover 64%; ground cover 44%; mean canopy variesfrom 3 to 7 m. Coverage:May 6, 17, 24, Black Oak (Q. velutina) 6, Bigtooth Aspen ht 20.3 m (range 7-37); cliffs (freq) 10%; 29; June 9, 21; July 2, 14; Aug. 1, 9, 25 Total (Populusgrandidentata) 5, White Ash (Frax- emergenttrees (freq) 34%; rock cover 50%. man-hours:33. Censns:Least Flycatcher, 32 tnus americana) 3, Ironwood (Ostrya vir- Topography:Relief between streambottom (165, 67); Ovenbird, 22 (113, 46); Red-eyed gtniana) 3, Butternut (Juglans cinerea) 3, and side boundaries varies from 4 to 34 m. Vireo, 17 (88, 35); Acadian Flycatcher, 13 Shagbark Hickory (Carya ovata) 3; con- Coverage:May 9, 14, 25, 30; June 3, 14, 29; (67, 27); Blue-gray Gnatcatcher, 11 (57, 23), tinuum index 548; live trees/ha 504; basal July 15, 26; Aug. 15; Sept 6. Total man- Scarlet Tanager, 8 (41, 17); Veery, 7 (36, 15), area/ha 2578 dm2;dead trees/ha 56. Impor- hours: 33. Census:Red-eyed Vireo, 12 (62, Brown-headed Cowbird, 7; Wood Thrush, 6 tance values for understory: Maple-leaved 25); E. Wood Pewee, 9 (46, 19); Blue-gray (31, 13); Rose-breastedGrosbeak, 6, E Vlburnum (Viburnum acerifolium) 12, Iron- Gnatcatcher, 8 (41, 17); Scarlet Tanager, 8; Wood Pewee, 5 (26, 10); Am. Robin, 5, Loui- wood 12, Witchhazel (Hamamelis vir- Acadian Flycatcher, 7 (36, 15); Veery, 7; siana Waterthrush, 4 (21, 8); Black-capped gtniana) 10, Musclewood (Carpinus Canada Warbler, 6 (31, 13); Rose-breasted Chickadee, 3 (15, 6); Ruffed Grouse, 2, caroliniana) 6, Mountain Maple (A. Grosbeak, 6; Louisiana Waterthrush, 5 (26, Ruby-throatedHummingbird, 2; Red-belhed spicatum) 6, Red Maple 5, White Ash 5, 10); Blue Jay, 4 (21, 8); BlackburnianWar- Woodpecker, 2; Downy Woodpecker, 2, Beaked Hazel (Corylus cornuta) 3, Huck- bler, 4; Brown-headed Cowbird, 4; Downy White-breasted Nuthatch, 2; Cerulean War- leberry (Gaylussaciabaccata) 3, Red Oak 3; Woodpecker,3 (15, 6); Great Crested Fly- ber, 2; Am. Goldfinch, 2; Am. Woodcock, 1, understory stems/ha 10,039. Other: canopy catcher, 3; Black-capped Chickadee, 3; Hairy Woodpecker, 1; Blue Jay, 1; Tufted cover 62%; ground cover 42%; mean canopy White-breasted Nuthatch, 3; Gray Catbird, Titmouse, 1; Yellow-throated Vireo, 1, Car- ht 19.8 m (range 6-30); cliffs (freq) 36%; 3; Am. Robin, 3; Cardinal, 3; E. Phoebe, 2; dinal, 1; Cooper's Hawk, +; Broad-winged emergenttrees (freq) 20%; rock cover 48%. Yellow-throated Vireo, 2; Black-and-white Hawk, +; Black-billed Cuckoo, +; Barred Topography:Relief between stream bottom Warbler, 2; Blue-winged Warbler, 2; N. Owl, +; Com. Flicker, q-; Pileated Wood- and side boundaries varies from 7 to 52 m. Oriole, 2; Am. Goldfinch, 2; Barred Owl, 1; pecker, +; Red-headed Woodpecker, q-, Coverage:May 8, 13, 22, 27; June 8, 20, 25; Ruby-throated Hummingbird, 1; Belted Great Crested Flycatcher, q-; Cedar Wax- July 13; Aug. 4, 14; Sept 12. Total man- Kingfisher, 1; Corn. Flicker, 1; Pileated wing, +; Blue-wingedWarbler, +; Am Re- hours: 33. Census:Rose-breasted Grosbeak, Woodpecker, 1; Red-belliedWoodpecker, 1; dstart, +; N. Oriole, +. Total: 39 species, 11 (57, 23); Blue Jay, 7 (36, 15); Scarlet Red-headed Woodpecker, 1; Hairy Wood- 166 territorial males (856/km 2, 347/100 Tanager, 7; Wood Thrush, 6 (31, 13); E. pecker, 1; Winter Wren, 1; Wood Thrush, 1; acres). Remarks:Nests found: Hairy Wood- Wood Pewee, 5 (26, 10); Brown-headed Worm-eating Warbler, 1; Ovenbird, 1; In- pecker (1978), Acadian Flycatcher, Least Cowbird, 5; Red-bellied Woodpecker, 3 (15, digo Bunting, 1; ChippingSparrow, 1; Coop- Flycatcher, E. Wood Pewee, Black-capped 6), Downy Woodpecker, 3; Great Crested er's Hawk, +; Red-shouldered Hawk, +; Chickadee, Am. Robin, Wood Thrush, Flycatcher, 3; Black-capped Chickadee, 3; Red-tailed Hawk, +; Ruffed Grouse, +; Veery, Blue-gray Gnatcatcher, Red-eyed White-breasted Nuthatch, 3; Am. Robin, 3; Corn. Crow, +; Brown Creeper, +; Cedar Vireo, Ovenbird, Louisiana Waterthrush, Louisiana Waterthrush, 3; N. Oriole, 3; Waxwing, +; Cerulean Warbler, +; Corn. Scarlet Tanager, Rose-breastedGrosbeak, Corn. Flicker, 2; Red-eyed Vireo, 2; Indigo Grackle, +. Total: 48 species;127 territorial hummingbirdfeeding fledgling.

Volume 36, Number I 69 68. FORESTED STREAM GORGE IV. • groundvegetation Edge: Bordered on N, E, m• W of the Northwestern State Umv cam- Location: W•sconsm, Sauk Co., Baraboo and S by s•mdarvegetation. The W edge•s a pus, w•th•n the Natural H•story Area, on the Hdls Pine Hollow. TION R5E S.4 SE, NW gravel road. Topography: Essentially flat S sideof La. Rt 6, 31ø44'N, 93ø06'W;Proven- and NW, SW; 43ø21'N, 89ø54'W, Black with a gradual slope to E. Elevation: 1320- cal Quadrangle, USGS. Continuity: New Hawk Quadrangle, USGS. Continuity: New. 1330 ft. Weather: Warm, calm, and humid Size: 8.9 ha = 22 acres (L-shaped, measured Size: 19.4 ha = 47.9 acres. Description of first 2 days; mild, breezy, and partly cloudy by pacingwith compass).Description of Plot. plot: Y-shaped gorge, the lower 2/3 with other days. Coverage:June 2-3, 15-16, 30; See AB 25:639-640(1971) and 26:699(1972) sandstone and conglomerate cliffs, dense July 1; 0500-1100. Total man-hours: 18. Cen- Weather: During the 18-day period tempera- stands of Hemlock, and Yellow Birch. Less sus: Ovenbird, 7.5 (67, 27); Black-throated tures ranged from 78-95øF with 6 count days Hemlock, more oaks upstream and on upper Green Warbler, 3 (27, 11); Red-breasted 80ø or higher. Night lows were 62-78ø;4 days slopes White Pine scatteredthroughout. Im- Nuthatch, 2.5; Red-eyed Vireo, 2; Blue Jay, weremostly cloudy and 4 Weremostly sunny portancevalues for canopy:Hemlock (Tsuga 1; Brown Creeper, 1; Veery, 1; Scarlet Tana- to sunny. Wind was moderate to calm canadensis) 21, White Oak 14, Red Oak 11, ger, 1; Broad-winged Hawk, 0.5; Black- Coverage: June 9, 13-14, 16, 18-19, 22, 26, Red Maple 10, SugarMaple 10, Yellow Birch capped Chickadee, 0.5; Hairy Woodpecker, 0730-1000. Census: Cardinal, 8 (90, 36), 9, Basswood 6, White Pine 6; continuum +; E. Wood Pewee, +; Brown-headed Cow- White-eyed Vireo, 7 (79, 32); Blue Jay, 5, •ndex 676; live trees/ha 513; basal area/ha bird, +; Evening Grosbeak, +. Total: 14 Carolina Chickadee, 5 (56, 23); Carohna 3001 dm2; dead trees/ha 31. Importance species; 20 territorial males (179/km2; Wren, 4 (45, 18); Tufted Titmouse 3; Mock- values for understory: Witchhazel 13, Sugar 72/100 acres). Remarks: Nests found: Oven- ingbird, 3 (34, 14); Pileated Woodpecker,2, Maple 13, Ironwood 8, Maple-leaved Vibur- bird, 2; Broad-winged Hawk, 1.•DON Am. Robin, 2; Red-eyed Vireo, 2; N. Parula, num 8, Lady Fern 6, Musclewood 5, White RAKSTAD and JOHN R. PROBST, N. Cen- 1; Hooded Warbler, 2; Red-headed Wood- Ash 4, Red Maple 4; understory stems/ha tral Forest Experiment Station, USDA For- pecker, 1; Wood Thrush, 1; Swainson'sWar- 4927 Other: canopy cover 76%; ground est Service, St. Paul, MN 55108. bler, 1; Sharp-shinnedHawk, +; Yellow- cover 37%; mean canopy ht 23.1 m (range 12- billed Cuckoo, +; Red-bellied Woodpecker, 34), chffs (freq) 21%; emergenttrees (freq) 70. MIXED SUCCESSIONAL ASPEN- +; Hairy Woodpecker, +; Com. Crow, +, 7%, rock cover 25%. Topography:Relief be- OAK-CONIFER FOREST. -- Location: Yellow-breastedChat, +. Total: 21 spemes, tween stream bottom and side boundaries Minnesota; Clearwater Co., 3.5 mi NW of 47 territorial males (528/km 2, 214/100 vanes from 15 to 33 m. Coverage:May 3, 10, intersection of state highway 200 and U.S. acres).--ELLEN M. KR UK and CHARLIE 15, 28, June 7, 13, 27; July 7, 20; Aug. 10, 29. highway71; 0.25 mi E of Univ. of Minnesota VIERS Dept. of Biological Sciences, North- Total man-hours: 33. Census:Acadian Fly- Forestry and BiologicalStation, Itasca State western State Univ. of La., Natchitoches, catcher, 18 (93, 38); Least Flycatcher, 18; Park; 47ø10'N, 95ø12'W, Lake Itasca Quad- LA 71457. Red-eyed Vireo, 18; ScarletTanager, 10 (52, rangle, USGS. Continuity:Established 1980. 21), Rose-breasted Grosbeak, 9 (46, 19); E. Size: 8.93 ha = 22.07 acres. Description of 72. YOUNG SPRUCE FOREST. -- Loca- Wood Pewee, 8 (41, 17); Blue-gray Gnat- Plot: See AB 35:66-67 (1981). Coverage:July tion: Maine; Hancock Co., Deer Isle, 0.35 m• catcher, 8; Brown-headed Cowbird, 8; Oven- 2, 4, 7-9, 12-13; 0500-0700 and 1900-2100. N of Stinson Point, 44ø10'N, 43øW, Deer Isle b•rd, 7 (36, 15); Wood Thrush, 5 (26, 10); Total man-hours: 32. Weather: June was Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity:Established Black-cappedChickadee, 4 (21, 8); Magnolia very rainy. The first 5 censuseswere in the 1977; 4 intermittent years. Size: 3.2 ha = 8 Warbler, 4; CanadaWarbler, 4; Cardinal, 4; high 80-90sF; the last 3 had average tempera- acres. Description of Plot: See AB 32 72 E Phoebe, 3 (15, 6); White-breasted tures. Census: Ovenbird, 18.5 (207, 84); (1978). Weather: July 9-18. Temperatures Nuthatch, 3; Veery, 3; Yellow-throated Chestnut-sided Warbler, 10 (112, 45); Com. and precipitation slightly above normal, V•reo, 3; Louisiana Waterthrush, 3; Am. Yellowthroat, 10; Veery, 6 (67, 27); Red- range 48-86øF (8.9-30øC); mean daily m•n Goldfinch, 3; Ruby-throated Hummingbird, eyed Vireo, 5.5 (62, 25); Nashville Warbler, temp. 54.5ø (17.5ø), mean daily max. temp 2, Hmry Woodpecker, 2; Blue Jay, 2; Ceru- 5.5; Yellow-bellied Sapsucker, 3 (34, 14); 79.4ø (26.3ø). Total rain 0.84 in. (2.1 cm) lean Warbler, 2; Barred Owl, 1; Downy Great Crested Flycatcher, 3; Black-capped Coverage:July 9-18; 0430-2000, EST. Total Woodpecker, 1; Am. Robin, 1; Blackburnian Chickadee, 2.5; Song Sparrow, 1.5; Mourn- man-hours:6. Census:Magnolia Warbler, 6 Warbler, 1; Red-shoulderedHawk, +; Red- ing Warbler, 1; Indigo Bunting, 1; Chipping (185, 75); Black-throated Green Warbler, 5 tailed Hawk, +; Ruffed Grouse, +; Am. Sparrow, 1; Swamp Sparrow, 1; Cedar Wax- (154, 63); Am. Redstart, 4.5 (139, 56); White- Woodcock, +; Yellow-billed Cuckoo, +; wing, 0.5; Am. Goldfinch, 0.5. Total: 16 throated Sparrow, 3 (93, 38); Black-capped Wh•p-poor-will, +; Com. Flicker, +; species; 70.5 territorial males (789/km 2, Chickadee, 2 (62-65); Dark-eyed Junco, 2, lhleated Woodpecker, +; Red-bellied 319/100 acres). Visitors: Broad-winged Winter Wren, 1.5; Cedar Waxwing, 1 5, Woodpecker, +; Red-headedWoodpecker, Hawk, Ruffed Grouse, Barred Owl, Ruby- Black-and-white Warbler, 1.5; Nashvdle +, Great CrestedFlycatcher, +; Tufted Tit- throated Hummingbird, Com. Flicker, Warbler, 1.5; Blue Jay, 1; Red-breasted mouse, +; Cedar Waxwing, +; Worm- Pileated Woodpecker, Hairy Woodpecker, Nuthatch, 1; Am. Robin, 1; Swainson's eating Warbler, +; N. Oriole, +. Total: 43 E. Phoebe, Olive-sided Flycatcher, Blue Thrush, 1; N. Parnla, 1; Olive-sided Fly- spemes; 155 territorial males (800/km 2, Jay, Com. Crow, White-breasted Nuthatch, catcher, +; Boreal Chickadee, +; Tennes- 324/100 acres). Remarks: Nests found: E. Red-breasted Nuthatch, Gray Catbird, Am. see Warbler, +; Yellow-rnmped Warbler, Phoebe, Acadian Flycatcher, Least Fly- Robin, Golden-crowned Kinglet, Golden- +; Ovenbird, +. Total: 20 species;33.5 ter- catcher, E. Wood Pewee, Wood Thrush, winged Warbler, N. Parula; BlackburnJan ritorial males (1035/km2, 419/100 acres) Blue-gray Gnatcatcher, Yellow-throated Warbler, Red-winged Blackbird, Brewer's Visitors:Com. Flicker, Downy Woodpecker, V•reo, Red-eyed Vireo, Ovenbird, Louisiana Blackbird, Brown-headed Cowbird, Rose- E. Kingbird; Com. Crow; Starling, E. Wood Waterthrush. breasted Grosbeak. Remarks: The water Pewee, Pine Siskin, White-wingedCrossbill level in the SedgeMarsh was higher than last Remarks: Because of lateness of coverage, year by about 1/2ft. The number of territorial some species may have been classifiedas 69. MATURE ASPEN-FIR. -- Location: males was practically identical to last year's visitors rather than residents.--KENNETH M•nnesota, Cass Co., Chippewa Nat'l For- value (71.5). Two Yellow-bellied Sapsucker L. CROWELL, Sunset, ME 04683. est SWI/4 of SE•A, Sec, 10, TI44N, R30W; nests were found. The census was done late 47ø17'30"N, 94ø22'30"W; Sucker Lakes in the breedingseason for most speciespre- 73. RED PINE PLANTATION. -- Loca- Quadrangle, USGS. Continuity: New. Size: sent, thus possibly biasing our numbers for tion: Connecticut; Litchfield Co., White 11 2 ha = 27.6 acres.Description of Plot: The breeding birds downward. The Icterids and Memorial Foundation, Morris; 41ø42'30"N, Quaking Aspen (Populus tremuloides)aver- Corvids had already begun to form flocks, 73ø10'W, Litchfield Quadrangle, USGS ages 70 ft with a sub-canopy of Balsam Fir making it impossibleto gather any territorial Continuity: Established 1978; 4 consecutive (Abtes balsamea) 40-55 ft high. There are informationfor those species.--ROBERT J. years. Size:8.5 ha = 21 acres. Descriptionof scattered Green Ash (Fraxinus pennsyl- BUEK and LISA C. MUELLER, 4909 Plot: SeeAB 33:72(1979). Coverage:Apr. 9, vantca) along the intermittent stream beds. Beehner Cir., Madison, WI 53714. June 2-5, 7, 10. Total man-hours: 11. Census: The groundcover consistsprimarily of litter Corn. Yellowthroat, 7 (82, 33); SongSpar- w•th Wild Sarsaparilla (Aralia nudicaulis), row, 6 (71,29); Gray Catbird, 5 (59, 24); Blue- Wild Ginger (Asarum canadense),and vari- 71. MIXED PINE-DECIDUOUS FOREST. wingedWarbler, 5; Chestnut-sidedWarbler, ous hardwood seedlingsas the most common -- Location: Louisiana; Natchitoches Par., 1 5; Rufous-sidedTowhee, 5; N. Oriole, 4 5

70 AmericanBirds, January 1982 (53, 21), Red-eyedVireo, 4 (47, 19), Rose- lng 93% of total trees 4 5 ft tall or greater trol, while census74 will be treated with breastedGrosbeak, 4; Black-cappedChick- Jack Pine, 1564, 78, 57, 69; dead trees, 158, 8, prescribed fire. Thanks to G. Allen, adee, 3.5 (41, 17); House Wren, 3.5; Am. 40, 13; Gray Birch, 131, 7, 2, 6. Trees by S. Brauner, S. Cohen, K. McKeown, Robin, 3 (35, 14); Veery 3; Blue-gray Gnat- diameter size class: S (0-3 in.) 1986, 99, 12.5, D. Pica, and A. Seymour for assistingwith catcher, 3; Black-and-white Warbler, 3; Am. 86; A (1-3 in.) 24, 1,2, 14. Shrub stems/acre, field work and data analysis.--JAMES R Redstart, 3; Brown-headed Cowbird, 3; 723. Mean height of ground cover, 5 in. Mean WOEHR, Institute for Man and Envtron- White-throated Sparrow, 3; Great Crested canopy height, 9 ft (range 5-17). Edge: Simi- ment, State Univ. of N. Y., Plattsburgh, NY Flycatcher,2; Blue Jay, 2; Wood Thrush, 2; lar habitat for 50m on all sides.Topography: 12901. ScarletTanager, 1.5; Black-billedCuckoo, 1; Nearly flat except for an abrupt 6 ft rise at a Corn. Flicker, 1; Hairy Woodpecker, 1; rocky ledgein the middleof the stand.Eleva- 76. JACK PINE FOREST III. -- Location: Downy Woodpecker, 1; E. Phoebe, 1; Least tion: 920 ft. Weather: Partly cloudy to clear; New York; Clinton Co., 2 mi SE of Altona, Flycatcher, 1; Red-breastedNuthatch, 1; no rain during census periods. Coverage: 44ø52'N, 73ø37'W, W Chazy Quadrangle, June 12-16, 21-25; 0500-0800. Total man- Ovenbird, 1; Louisiana Waterthrush, 1; USGS. Continuity:New. Size:9.0 ha = 22 23 Canada Warbler, 1; Cardinal, 1; Indigo Bunt- hours: 30. Census:White-throated Sparrow, acres (square, compass and 50-m tape) De- 6.5 (173, 70); Rufous-sidedTowhee, 4 (107, lng, 1;Barred Owl, 0.5; Red-tailedHawk, +; scription of Plot: Even-aged forest almost Broad-winged Hawk, +; Am. Kestrel, +; 43); Brown-headed Cowbird, 2; Com. Yel- exclusively comprisedof live and dead Jack Ruffed Grouse, +; Yellow-bellied Sap- lowthroat, 1.5; Cedar Waxwing, 1; Black- Pine (Pinus banksiana). Pines over 4 5 ft tall sucker, +; Corn. Crow, +; Tufted Tit- and-white Warbler, 1; Yellow-rumped War- all date from a 1957 wildfire. Understory is bler, 0.5; Dark-eyed Junco, 0.5; Nashville mouse, +; White-breastedNuthatch, +. To- sparseto absent. The shrub layer is heavily Warbler, +; Ovenbird, +; Rose-breasted tal: 43 species; 93.5 territorial males dominated by young pines (66%) The (1100/km:, 445/100 acres). Remarks: In Grosbeak, +. Total: 11 species;17 territorial ground cover is dominated by Blueberry 1979, after the winter removal of all but a males (454/km 2, 184/100 acres). Visitors: (Vaccinium angustifolium),relative density Am. Goldfinch, Remarks: Thanks to G. Al- quarter-acreof Red Pine,the dominantover- 67%, frequency45%; SheepLaurel (Kalmta len, S. Brauner, S. Cohen, K. McKeown, story tree, 1978 figures plummeted to 31 angustifolia), 16, 21; and Huckleberry (Gay- speciesand 42.5 territorial malesfrom 34 D. Pica, and A. Seymour for assistingwith lussacia dumosa), 7, 19. The Potsdam Sand- field work and data analysis.--JAMES R. speciesand 87.5 territorial males. A year stone substrate is exposed at the surface or later, the growth of underbrushand saplings WOEHR, Institute for Man and Environ- covered with less than 0.5 in. of lichens or ment, State Univ. of N. Y., Plattsburgh, NY resulted in a partial recovery with 39 species leaf litter. A seldom-usedjeeptrail forms the 12901. and 66.5 territorial males. This year the in- S border of the stand. Trees, based on 85 1 x crease continued,even surpassingthe origi- 4 m plots; 6832/acre; total basal 81 ft2/acre 75. JACK PINE FOREST II. -- Location: nal censuson the uncutplot by 9 speciesand Speciescomprising 96% of trees: Jack Pine, 6 territorial males. Some speciessuch as the New York; Clinton Co., 1.7 mi SE of Altona, 6207, 91, 87, 86; dead trees, 357, 5, 9, 19 BlackburnJanWarbler (5-0-0-0) have been 44ø52'N, 73ø38'W, Jericho Quadrangle, Trees by diameter size class: S (0-3 in ) 6567, completelylost; otherssuch as the Ovenbird USGS. Continuity:New. Size:9.0 ha = 22.23 96, 63, 78; A (3-6 in.) 265, 4, 18, 22 Shrub (15-1-1-1) have declined drastically; others acres (square, compassand 50-m tape). De- stems/acre, 524. Mean canopy height, 10 ft scription of Plot: Even-aged forest almost suchas the Red-eyed Vireo (6-1-0.5-4) have (range 5-20). Mean height of groundcover, 5 exclusively comprised of Jack Pine (Pinus declinedbut appearto be recovering;others in. Edge: Similar habitat on all sides.Topog- such as the Corn. Yellowthroat (3-4-10-7) banksiana). Pines in all height and diameter classes date from a 1957 wildfire. The shrub raphy: Almost fiat. Elevation: 760 ft Wea- have increasedmarkedly; and others suchas ther: Partly cloudy to clear, no rain during layer is dominated by Mountain-holly the Song Sparrow (0-0-3-6) are completely censusperiod s. Coverage:June 11-15, 20-24, new. As in all local censuses executed this (Nemopanthus mucronata) and Broadleaf 0500-0800. Total man-hours: 30. Census: year, the gypsy moth caterpillarinfestation Meadowsweet (Spiraea latifolia). The White-throated Sparrow, 11 (122, 49), Nash- was significant,and Brown-headed Cow- ground cover is dominated by Blueberry ville Warbler, 3 (33, 13); Rufous-sidedTow- birdsseemed especially numerous. A visiting (Vacciniumangustifolium), relative density bee, 2.5; Cedar Waxwing, 2; Brown Kentucky Warbler sangon the plot for one 47%, frequency 47%; Chokeberry (Aronia Thrasher, 1.5; Hermit Thrush, 1.5; Black- day.---ANDREW MAGEE, 34 Hobson St., melanocarpa), 13, 35; and Huckleberry cappedChickadee, 1; Black-and-whiteWar- (Gaylussacia dumosa), 10, 21. The Potsdam Springfield,MA 01109. bler, 1; Yellow-rumped Warbler, 1; Brown- Sandstonesubstrate is exposedat the surface headed Cowbird, 1; Dark-eyed Junco, 1, or covered with less than 0.5 in. of lichens or Am. Robin, +; Corn. Yellowthroat, +, Field 74. JACK PINE FOREST I. -- Location: leaf litter. A seldom-usedjeeptrail forms the Sparrow, +. Total: 14 species;26.5 territo- New York; Clinton Co., 3.5 mi SE of Altona; S border of the stand. Trees, based on 85 1 x rial males(295/kin 2, 119/100 acres). Visitors: 44ø52'N, 73ø38'W, Jericho Quadrangle, 4 m plots, 7753/acre; total basal area 118 Blue Jay, Ovenbird. Remarks: Thanks to USGS. Continuity:New. Size:3.75 ha = 9.26 ft:/acre. Species comprising 95% of trees: G. Allen, S. Brauner, S. Cohen, acres(250 x 150m, compassand 50-rotape). Jack Pine, 7371,95, 97, 91. Trees by diameter K. McKeown, D. Pica, and A. Seymour for Descriptionof Plot: This young Jack Pine size class: S (0-3 in.) 7381, 95, 82, 70; A (3-6 assistingwith field work and data analysis -- (Pinus banksiana)stand is situatedin the in.) 319, 4, 24, 21; B (6-9 in.) 53, 1, 11, 9. JAMES R. WOEHR, Institute for Man and middle of a 25-acre area which burned in 1965 Shrub stems/acre, 1917. Mean canopy Environment, State Univ. of N Y, when the pineswere only 8 years old follow- height, 14 ft (range 5-37). Mean height of Plattsburgh, NY 12901. lng a 1957 wildfire. Jack Pine regeneration ground cover, 6 in. Edge: Similar habitat on after the 1965 fire was limited by the small all sides.Topography: Almost flat. Elevation: size of the trees and limited seedquantities, 780 ft. Weather: Partly cloudy to clear; no 77. JACK PINE FOREST IV. -- Location: resulting in a patcry distribution of Jack rain during censusperiods. Coverage:June New York; Clinton Co., 4.8 mi NW of West Pinesinterspersed with openingswhich were 10-14, 19-23; 0500-0800. Total man-hours: Crazy; 44ø51'N, 73ø36'W, W Crazy Quad- invaded by Quaking Aspen (Populus 30. Census:White-throated Sparrow, 11.5 rangle, USGS. Continuity: New. Size: 9 ha = tremuloides),Bigtooth Aspen (P. grandiden- (128, 52); Nashville Warbler, 8.5 (94, 38); 22.23acres (square, compass and 50-m tape) tata), Red Maple (Acerrubrum), Paper Birch Yellow-rumped Warbler, 3 (33, 13); Am. Descriptionof Plot: Even-agedforest almost (Betula papyrifera), Gray Birch (B. Robin, 2; Corn. Yellowthroat, 2; Black- exclusively comprised of Jack Pines (Ptnus populifolia),and Witch Hazel (Hamamelis capped Chickadee, 1; Hermit Thrush, 1; banksiana). Pines in all height and diameter wrginiana). The ground cover is heavily Canada Warbler, 1; Black-and-white War- classesdate from a 1940wildfire. Understory dominatedby Blueberry (Vaccinium angus- bler, 1; Brown-headedCowbird, 1; Rufous- is sparse to absent. A sparse shrub layer ttfolium), relative density 54%, frequency sidedTowbee, 1; Brown Thrasher, +; Dark- consists mostly of Mountain-holly (Nemo- 75%; and Chokeberry (Aronia melano- eyed Junco, +. Total: 13 species; 33 panthus mucronata). A dense ground cover carpa), 18, 51. The PotsdamSandstone subs- territorial males (367/km2, 148/100 acres). is dominated by Blueberry (Vaccimum an- trate is exposed at the surface or covered Visitors: Least Flycatcher, Veery, Cedar gustifolium), relative density 67%, fre- with less than 0.5 in. of lichens or leaf litter. Waxwing, Ovenbird. Remarks: This stand quency 68%; Sheep Laurel (Kalmia angus- Trees, basedon 77 1 x 4 m plots, 2010/acres; andcensus 74 wereestablished as an experi- tifolia), 13, 22; Huckleberry (Gaylussacta total basalarea 15 ft2/acre.Species compris- mental pair. This stand will serve as a con- dumosa), 10, 31; and Chokeberry (Aroma

Volume 36, Number 1 71 melanocarpa), 7, 24 The Potsdam Sand- clear, no rmn dunng censusperiods Cover- trol, while census 80 will be treated w•th stone substrateis exposed at the surfaceor age: June 8, 10-13, 18-22; 0500-0800. Total prescribedfire. Both standswill then be cen- covered with less than 0.5 in. of lichens or man-hours: 30. Census:Cedar Waxwing, 5 susedrepeatedly in ensuingyears. One Am leaf htteI;.A seldom-usedjeep trail forms the (56, 22); Dark-eyed Junco, 3 (33, 13); Chip- Robin nest was found. Thanks to G. Allen, W border of the stand, and an abandoned ping Sparrow, 3; White-throated Sparrow, S. Brauner, S. Cohen, K. McKeown, power line right-of-wayforms the E border. 2.5; Yellow-rumped Warbler, 2; Brown- D. Pica, and A. Seymour for assistingw•th Trees, basedon 85 5 x 5 m plots, 2670/acre; headed Cowbird, 2; Black-capped Chick- field work and data analysis. JAMES R. total basal area 126 ft2/acre. Species com- adee, 1; Am. Robin, 1; Hermit Thrush, 1; WOEHR, Institute for Man and Environ- prising96% of trees: Jack Pine, 2556, 96, 98, Mourning Dove, +; Brown Thrasher, +; ment, State Univ. of N. Y., Plattsburgh, NY 100 Trees by diameter size clas: S (0-3 in.) Red-eyed Vireo, +; Black-and-white War- 12901. 1835, 69, 30, 24; A (3-6 in.) 786, 29, 67, 53; B bler, +; Nashville Warbler, +; Corn. Yel- (6-9m) 16, 1,4, 3;C (9-12in.) 16, 1, 12, 10;D lowthroat, +. Total: 15 species,20.5 territo- 80. JACK PINE FOREST VII. -- Location: (12-15 in.) 16, 1, 13, 11. Shrub stems/acre, rial males (228/km 2, 92/100 acres). Visitors: New York; Clinton Co., 3.5 mi NW of West 981 Mean canopy height, 13 ft (range 5-32). Ruffed Grouse, Great Crested Flycatcher, Chazy; 44ø50'N, 73ø35'W, W Chazy Quad- Mean height of ground cover, 7 in. Edge: Blue Jay, Veery, Rose-breasted Grosbeak, rangle, USGS. Continuity:New. Size:9 ha = S•mflar habitat on N, E, and W. Small brook Purple Finch, Rufous-sided Towhee. Re- 22.23 acres(square, compass and 50-mtape) hned with narrow band of hardwoods within marks: Thanks to G. Allen, S. Brauner, Descriptionof Plot: Even-agedforest almost 100 m on S side, and divides this standfrom a S. Cohen, K. McKeown, D. Pica, and exclusively comprisedof live and dead Jack 62-year-oldpine stand.Topography: Almost A. Seymourfor assistingwith field work and Pines (Pinus banksiana). Living pines in all flat Elevation:740 ft. Weather: Partly cloudy data .analysis.--JAMES R. WOEHR, Insti- heightand diameterclasses date from a 1919 to clear; no rain during census periods. tute for Man and Environment, State Univ. wildfire. Understory is sparseto absent. A Coverage:June 8, 10-12, 16, 18-21,25; 0500- of N. Y., Plattsburgh, NY 12901. very sparse shrub layer consistsof Witch- 0800 Total man-hours: 30. Census: White- hazel (Hamamelis virginiana), Red Maple throated Sparrow, 8 (89, 36); Cedar Wax- (Acer rubrum), Nannyberry (Viburnumlen- w•ng, 3.5 (39, 16); Chipping Sparrow, 3.5; 79. JACK PINE FOREST VI. -- Location: tago), and Shadbush(Amelanchier sp.), m Hermit Thrush, 2.5; Yellow-rumped War- New York; Clinton Co., 3.3 mi NW of West decreasing order of abundance. A dense bler, 2; Brown-headed Cowbird, 2; Dark- Chazy; 44ø50'N, 73ø35'W,W Chazy Quad- ground cover is dominated by Blueberry eyedJunco, 1; Great CrestedFlycatcher, +; rangle,USGS. Continuity:New. Size:9 ha = (Vaccinium angustifolium),relative density Blue Jay, +; Black-cappedChickadee, +; 22.23acres (square, compass and 50-m tape). 50%, frequency 71%; Huckleberry (Gaylus- Brown Thrasher, +; Am. Robin, +; Nash- Descriptionof Plot: Even-agedforest almost sacia dumosa), 20, 41, and Sheep Laurel ville Warbler, +; Ovenbird, +; Field Spar- exclusivelycomprised of live and deadJack (Kalmia angustifolia),21, 20. The Potsdam row, +. Total: 15 species; 22.5 territorial Pines(Pinus banksiana). Living pines in all Sandstonesubstrate is exposedat the surface males (250/km 2, 101/100 acres). Visitors: heightand diameterclasses date from a 1919 or covered with less than 0.5 in. of lichens or Corn Crow. Remarks: This stand and Cen- wildfire. Understory is sparseto absent. A leaf litter. A seldom-usedjeep trail borders sus 78 were established as an experimental sparse shrub layer consistsof Mountain- the W side of the stand. Trees, based on 85 5 pair This stand will be treated with pre- holly (Nemopanthusmucronata), Red Ma- x 5 m plots, 1730/acre; total basal area 103 scribed fire, while Census 78 will serve as a ple (Acer rubrum), Nannyberry (Viburnum ft2/acre. Species comprising97% of trees control. Thanks to G. Allen, S. Brauner, lentago), and Witch-hazel (Hamamelis vir- Jack Pine, 1253, 72, 93, 98; dead trees, 431, S Cohen, K. McKeown, D. Pica, and giniana). A denseground cover is dominated 25, 7, 74. Treesby diametersize class: S (0-3 A Seymourfor assistingwith field work and by Blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium) in.) 796, 46, 20, 20; A (3-6 in.) 917, 53, 78, 76, data analysis.--JAMES R. WOEHR, Insti- relative density 62%, frequency 69% and B (6-9 in.) 17, 1,4, 4. Shrubstems/acre, 191 tute for Man and Environment, State Univ. Huckleberry (Gaylussaciadumosa) 16, 51. Mean canopyheight, 17ft (range5-34); mean of N Y., Plattsburgh, NY 12901. The PotsdamSandstone substrate is exposed heightof groundcover, 11 in. Edge: Similar at the surface or covered with less than 0.5 in. habitat on N and S, streamslined with nar- of lichens and leaf litter. A seldom-usedjeep row band of hardwoods within 50 m of E and 78. JACK PINE FOREST V. -- Location: trail crosses the stand from SE to NW. Trees, W sides of stand. Topography:Almost fiat New York; Clinton Co., 5 mi NW of West basedon 85 5 x 5 m plots, 1586/acre;total Elevation: 690 ft. Weather: Partly cloudy to Chazy, 44ø51'N, 73ø37'W, W Chazy Quad- basal area 116 ft2/acre. Speciescomprising clear; no rain during census.Coverage: June rangle, USGS. Continuity:New. Size:9 ha = 94% of trees:Jack Pine, 1122,71,90, 98; dead 8, 10-11, 15-16, 18-20,24-25; 0500-0800. Total 22 23 acres (square, compassand 50-m tape). trees, 364, 23, 9, 82. Trees by diametersize man-hours: 30. Census: White-throated Descriptionof Plot: Even-agedforest almost class:S (0-3 in.) 603, 38, 13, 11; A (3-6 in.) Sparrow, 5 (56, 22); Yellow-rumped War- exclusively composedof live and dead Jack 920, 58, 86, 74; B (6-9 in.) 63, 4, 17, 15. Shrub bler, 3.5 (39, 16); Dark-eyed Junco, 3 5, Pines (Pinus banksiana).Pines in all height stems/acre, 562. Mean canopy height, 20 ft Brown-headed Cowbird, 3 (33, 13); Chipping and diameter classes date from a 1940 (range7-45). Mean heightof groundcover, 13 Sparrow,2.5; Am. Robin, 2; Hermit Thrush, wildfire. Understory and shrub layers are in. Edge: Similar habitaton N, E, and S; W 2; CedarWaxwing, 2; Corn. Yellowthroat,2, v•rtually absent. A dense ground cover is boundary within 30 m of small brook lined Com. Nighthawk, 1; Veery, 1; Am. Wood- dominated by Blueberry (Vaccinium angus- with hardwoods,mainly Red Oak (Quercus cock, +; Great Crested Flycatcher, +, ttfohum), relative density 63%, frequency rubra). Topography:Nearly fiat. Elevation: Least Flycatcher, +; Blue Jay, 9-; Black- 41%, Huckleberry (Gaylussacia dumosa), 700 ft. Weather: Partly cloudy to clear cappedChickadee, +; Brown Thrasher, +, 16, 18; and Chokeberry (Aronia mela- throughout; no rain during censusperiods; Red-eyed Vireo, +; Field Sparrow, +. To- nocarpa), 11, 22. The Potsdam Sandstone seasonaltemperatures. Coverage: June 8, 10, tal: 19 species; 27.5 territorial males substrateis exposed at the surface or cov- 14-16, 18-19, 23-25; 0500-0800. Total man- (306/km 2, 124/100 acres). Visitors: Am ered with less than 0.5 in. of lichens or leaf hours: 30. Census:White-throated Sparrow, Goldfinch. Remarks: One Com. Nighthawk htter Trees, based on 83 5 x 5 m plots, 5 (56, 22); Brown-headedCowbird, 3.5 (39, nest was located. Thanks to G. Allen, 1221/acre; total basal area, 45 ft2/acre. 16); Cedar Waxwing, 3 (33, 13); Yellow- S. Brauner, S. Cohen, K. McKeown, Speciescomprising 100% of trees: JackPine, rumped Warbler, 2.5; Ovenbird, 2.5; Chip- D. Pica, and A. Seymourfor assistingw•th 1110, 91, 98, 83; dead trees, 111, 9, 2, 34. pingSparrow, 2; Hermit Thrush,1.5; Black- field work and data analysis. JAMES R Trees by diameter size class:S (0-3 in.) 882, capped Chickadee, 1; Nashville Warbler, 1; WOEHR, Institute for Man and Environ- 72, 16, 34; A (3-6 in.) 320, 26, 26, 57; B (6-9 Rufous-sided Towhee, 1; Dark-eyed Junco, ment, State Univ. of N. Y., Plattsburgh, NY m ) 19, 2, 4, 9. Shrub stems/acre, 59. Aver- 1; Am. Robin, 0.5; Mourning Dove, +; Blue 12901. age canopy height, 12 ft (range 5-26). Mean Jay, +; Veery, +; Red-eyed Vireo, +; height of ground cover, 6 in. Edge: Similar Black-and-whiteWarbler, +; Com. Yellow- habitat on E, S, and W. A small brook lined throat, +; Field Sparrow, +. Total: 19 81. MIXED PITCH PINE--JACK PINE w•th a narrow band of hardwoods runs within species; 24.5 territorial males (272/km2, FOREST. -- Location: New York; Clinton 50 m of the N sideof the stand. Topography: 110/100acres). Remarks:This forest stand Co., 3 mi NW of West Chazy; 44ø50'N, 7% slope dropping70 ft from N to S. Eleva- and census80 were establishedas an experi- 73ø35'W,W Chazy Quadrangle,USGS. Con- tion: 780-850 ft. Weather: Partly cloudy to mental pair. This stand will serve as a con- tinuity: New. Size: 9 ha = 22.23 acres

72 American Birds, January 1982 (square, compassand 50-m tape) Descrip- (919/km 2, 372/100 acres) Visitors: Mouru- bler, 3, Great Crested Flycatcher, 2, Gray tion of Plot: Pitch Pine (Ptnus rtgtda) and Jack •ngDove, Black-billedCuckoo, E. Kingbird, Catbird, 2; Rufous-s•ded Towhee, 2, Aca- Pine (P. banksiana) forest, all trees dating Bobolink, and Henslow's Sparrow plus the dian Flycatcher, 1; Blue Jay, 1; Tufted T•t- from a 1919 wildfire. Sparse understory of following combination of birds that were mouse, 1; White-eyed Vireo, 1; Mourmng Red Maple (Acer rubrum) and Red Oak seenhunting in the plot on almostevery visit: Dove, +. Total: 16 species; 74 terntonal (Quercusrubra). Dense ground cover domi- Cooper's, Red-shouldered, Broad-winged, males or females (1057/km 2, 428/100 acres) nated by Blueberry (Vaccinium angus- and Marsh hawks, Barred Owl and Com. Visitors: E. Wood Pewee, Corn. Crow Re- ttfolium), Huckleberry (Gaylussacia dum- Crow. Remarks: Nests found (31): Ruffed marks: Nests found (6): Acadian Flycatcher, osa), and CanadaMayflower (Maianthemum Grouse, 1; Alder Flycatcher, 1; Tree Swal- Wood Thrush, White-eyed Vireo, Hooded canadense). Trees, based on 85 5 x 5m low, 1; Am. Robin, 1; E. Bluebird, 1; Cedar and Prairie warblers, Corn. Yellowthroat A plots, 846/acre; total basalarea, 136ft2/acre. Waxwing, 7; Yellow-rumped Warbler, 1; slight decrease in densities was noted from Speciescomprising 90% of the total number Purple Finch, 5; Am. Goldfinch, 1; Chipping the previous year.--KAREN TERWILLI- of trees; Pitch Pine, 290, 34, 49, 61; Jack Sparrow, 8; Field Sparrow, 2; Song Sparrow, GER, 1616 Ward Tr., Portsmouth, VA 23704 Pine, 211, 25, 35, 51; Red Maple, 149, 18, 1, 2. No nests found were parasitized by cow- 25, deadtrees; 111, 13, 7, 45. Trees by diame- birds. Turkey, Blue Jay and bluebird were ter size class: S (0-3 in.) 307, 36, 3, 2; A (3-6 new to the survey. Territorial malescontinue 85. LONGLEAF PINE FOREST. -- Loca- in ) 301, 36, 35, 26; B (6-9 in.) 168, 20, 48, 35; to increase since the low in 1978. Apprecia- tion: South Carolina; Charleston Co, The C (9-12 in.) 52, 6, 27, 20; D (12-15 in.) 12, 1, tion to Gaylord Rough for weather data and Wedge Plantation,6 mi NE of McClellanville 12, 9; E (15-18 in.) none; F (18-21 in.) 6, 1, 11, to Cynthia Clements and Phillips Foster for of the South Santee River; 33ø10'N, 79ø24'W, 8 Shrub stems/acre, 2673. Average ground permissionto conduct the survey on their Santee Quadrangle, USGS. Continuity: cover height 16 in., averagecanopy height 26 land. ELIZABETH W. BROOKS, 1435 New. Size:8.05 ha = 19.9acres (rectangular, ft (range7-71). Edge:Bordered on E and S by Waterwells Rd., Alfred Station, NY. 14803. 550 x 175 yds measured with chain and similar habitat; on W by abandoned power compass).Description of Plot: This Longleaf hne right-of-way, on N by seldom-usedjeep Pine (Pinus palustris) plot was probably 83. ATLANTIC WHITE CEDAR. -- trail. Topography:5% slope dropping 50 ft clearcut in the 1890s. Selective cuts occurred from W to E. Elevation: 650-700 ft. Weather: Location:Virginia; Suffolk, Great Dismal in the 1930s or 1940s, and the plot has been Seasonal temperatures, generally partly Swamp N.W.R., 300 yds N of Camp Ditch maintainedby regular burning of the under- cloudy to clear, no rain during census pe- Road, 0.7 mi E of intersectionwith Jericho story. The dominant tree is Longleaf Pine riods. Coverage: June 8, 13-16, 18, 22-25; Ditch Rd; 36ø40'35"N, 76ø28'30"W. Con- with a few scattered oaks. The understory is 0500-0800. Total man-hours: 30. Census: tinuity: Established1980. Size: 17.3 ha = composed of Sweet Gum (Liquidambar sty- Brown-headed Cowbird, 4 (44, 18); Hermit 17.3acres. Description of Plot: SeeAB 35:68- racifiua), Sweet Pepperbush (Clethra al- Thrush, 3 (33, 13); Cedar Waxwing, 3; Chip- 69 (1981). Weather: Sunnyand warm after 2 nifolia), Sassafras albidum, Running Oak ping Sparrow, 3; White-throated Sparrow, wet weeks.Two heavyrains came during the ( Quercuspumila) and Inkberry (Ilex glabra) 2 5; Solitary Vireo, 2; Am. Redstart, 2; Ruf- census period. Coverage: Apr. 20-June 7. The ground cover is mainly Bracken Total man-hours: 36. Census: Prairie War- ous-sided Towhee, 2; E. Wood Pewee, 1; (Pteridum aquilinum), Sweet Pepperbush, Nashville Warbler, 1; Yellow-rumped War- bler, 17 (243, 98); ProthonotaryWarbler, 15 Stagger-bush(Lyonia mariana), and Blue- bler, 1; Ovenbird, 1; Com. Yellowthroat, 1; (214, 87); Hooded Warbler, 10.5 (150, 61); stem (Andropogongerardii). A quantitative House Wren, 0.5; Veery, 0.5; Red-eyed Ovenbird, 7 (100, 40); Red-eyedVireo, 3 (43, survey of the vegetationgave the following Vireo, +; Dark-eyed Junco, +. Total: 17 17); White-eyed Vireo, 2.5; Com. Yellow- results: Trees 3 in. in diameter and over, species; 27.5 territorial males (306/km 2, throat, 2.5; Great Crested Flycatcher, 2; based on ten 0. l-acre circular samples, 124/100 acres). Remarks: Nest found: Cedar Acadian Flycatcher,2; CarolinaChickadee, 142/acre; total basal area 101 ft2/acre Waxwing. Thanksto G. Allen, S. Brauner, S. 2; Worm-eating Warbler, 2; Rufous-sided Species comprising90% of the total number Cohen, K. McKeown, D. Pica, and A Sey- Towhee, 2; Pileated Woodpecker, 1; Blue of trees: Long-leaf Pine 135, 95, 98, 100 mour for assistingwith data collection and Jay, 1; Tufted Titmouse, 1; Gray Catbird, 1; Trees by diameter class: A (3-6 in.) 26, 18, Wood Thrush, 1; Cardinal, 1; Red-shoul- analysis. JAMES R. WOEHR, Institutefor 2.6, 3; B (6-9 in.) 38, 27, 11.4, 11; C (9-15 in ) Man and Environment, State Univ. of N. Y., dered Hawk, q-; Mourning Dove, q-. Total: 55, 39, 44.01,44;D (15-21 in.) 22, 15,39 6,44, Plattsburgh, NY 12901. 20 species;73.5 territorialmales or females E (21-27 in.) 1, 1,3.1, 3. Shrub stemsper acre (1050/km •, 425/100 acres). Visitors: Downy 406; groundcover 48%; canopycover 43%, Woodpecker, E. Wood Pewee, Black-and- average canopy height 71 ft (range 62-84) 82. UPLAND SCOTCH PINE PLANTA- white Warbler, N. Parula. Remarks: Nests Edge: Similar habitat on all sides;bisected by TION. -- Location: New York; Allegany found (9): Pileated Woodpecker, Acadian an unpaved road. Topography: Flat terrain Co., 2 mi WSW of Alfred, borderingon the W Flycatcher, Red-eyed Vireo, Hooded (2), on sandy soil; transected by shallow fire side of Lake Rd, adjacent to the conifer Prairie and Prothonotarywarblers, Cardinal, lanes and drainage ditches. Elevation: 20 ft Rufous-sidedTowhee. Rains during the last plantings on the E side of Foster Lake; (6.09 m). Weather: Temperature 70-91øF, 42ø7'30"N, 77ø45øW,Andover Quadrangle, week in May may have interruptedthe prog- wind speed 0-7 mph; no precipitation oc- ress of the season as one Hooded Warbler USGS. Continuity:Established 1969; 13 con- curred during counts; April-June tempera- secutiveyears. Size:Approximately 9.3 ha = pair was found laying a second clutch.-- tures were normal; rainfall was below nor- KAREN TERWILLIGER, 1616 Ward Tr, 23 acres. Descriptionof Plot: See AFN 23: mal. Coverage:May I l, 22, 26, 30; June4, 7, Portsmouth, VA 23704. 743-744 (1969). Weather: See Census 59. 10, 19; 0615-1000, EDT. Total man-hours Coverage:Apr. 10; May 9, 21, 28; June4, 10, 16. Census:E. Wood Pewee, 5 (62, 25), Pine 18, 26; July 4, II, 18, 25; Aug. 2, 10; 0730- 84. ATLANTIC WHITE CEDAR. -- Loca- Warbler, 5; Great Crested Flycatcher, 4 (50, 2000, EDT. Total man-hours: 21.5. Census: tion: North Carolina; Camden Co., 20); Rufous-sided Towhee, 4; White-eyed Song Sparrow, 20 (215, 87); Chipping Spar- Corapeake,N.C. State Park Land, 300 yd E Vireo, 3 (37, 15); Com. Yellowthroat, 3, Bob- row, 16 (172, 70); Com. Yellowthroat, 9 (97, of Forest Line Rd, 0.5 mi S of intersection white, 2; Brown-headed Nuthatch, 2, Red- 39); Field Sparrow, 7 (75, 30); Cedar Wax- with CorapeakeRd, 36ø31'43"N, 76ø27'30"W; headed Woodpecker, 1; Red-cockaded wing, 5 (54, 22); Alder Flycatcher, 3 (32, 13); Lake Drummond Quadrangle, USGS. Con- Woodpecker, 1; Carolina Chickadee, 1, Yellow-rumpedWarbler, 3; Brown-headed tinuity: Established1980. Size: 7 ha = 17.3 Carolina Wren, 1; Blue-gray Gnatcatcher, 1, Cowbird (females), 3; Purple Finch, 3; Ruf- acres. Descriptionof Plot: See AB 35:69 N. Parula, 1; Yellow-throated Warbler, 1, ous-sided Towhee, 3; Am. Woodcock, 2; (1981). Weather: Sunny' and warm with 3 Prairie Warbler, 1; Hooded Warbler, 1, Sum- Am. Robin, 2; Gray Catbird, 1.5; Ruffed heavy rains duringthe period. Last week of mer Tanager, 1; Cardinal, 1; Indigo Bunting, Grouse, l; Tree Swallow, 1; E. Bluebird, 1; May was too wet for access.Coverage: Apr. 1; Chuck-will's-widow, 0.5; Brown-headed Nashville Warbler, l; Magnolia Warbler, 1; 20-June 6. Total man-hours: 36. Census: Cowbird, 0.5. Total: 22 species;41 terntonal Prairie Warbler, l; Indigo Bunting, l; Am. Com. Yellowthroat, 16 (229, 92); Prairie males (509/km 2, 206/100 acres). Visitors: Goldfinch, 1; Turkey, +; Blue Jay, q-; Warbler, 15 (214, 87); Hooded Warbler, 12 Corn. Flickel, PileatedWoodpecker, Red- Black-cappedChickadee, +; Brown Thrash- (171,69); Ovenbird,8 (114, 46); Worm-eating bellled Woodpecker, Downy Woodpecker, er, +; Black-throated Green Warbler, +. Warbler, 4 (57, 23); Carolina Chickadee, 3 Purple Martin, Fish Crow, E. Bluebird Re- Total: 26 species; 85.5 territorial males (43, 17);Wood Thrush, 3; ProthonotaryWar- marks: Nests found: Red-headed Wood-

Volume 36, Number 1 73 pecker, 1, Brown-headed Nuthatch, 1 Al- numberof stems/acres,relative density(%), white, 2, Blue-gray Gnatcatcher, 2, P•ne though Red-cockaded Woodpeckers were number of speciescomprising height class): Warbler, 2; Downy Woodpecker, 1; Great observed on each trip, the birds were from a A (3-5 ft), 329, 96, 14;B (5-10 ft) 10, 3, 4; C (> Crested Flycatcher, 1; Corn. Crow, 1, knownnest tree 150yds E of the plot. Thanks than 10 ft) 3, 1, 3. Weather: Two of the 10 Brown-headed Nuthatch, 1; E. Bluebird, 1, to Mrs R.B. Dominick for permission to days were clear, mean cloud cover 23%, Red-winged Blackbird, 1; Cardinal, 1; Ruf- work on the site and to M.A. McClure for aid range 0-100%, windspeed less than 2 km/h ous-sidedTowhee, 1. Total: 12 species; 17 •n measuringthe plot. Funds for this study during all visits; dew was presenton 6 visits; territorial males (292/km 2, 118/100 acres) were provided by the School of Public precipitation (thunderstorms) occurred Visitors: Red-shouldered Hawk, Corn Health, Univ. of S.C. and the Citadel De- twice in early May. Mean temperatureat the Flicker, Hairy Woodpecker, Carolina Wren velopment Foundation. This is technical start of all visits was 20øC (range 17ø-25ø). Remarks: the February fire caused minimal contribution number 81-01 from the Vector Coverage:Apr. 15-16, 21-22, 27-28; May 5-6, impact on overstory trees. Most above B•ology Research Program.---DENNIS M. 13, 15; generally 0600-0830, EST. Total man- ground shrubs and understory plants were FORS YTHE, Dept. of Biology, The Citadel, hours: 24. Census:Red-bellied Woodpecker, top-killed. Recovery of the shrubswas about Charleston, SC 29409. 6 (30, 12); Blue Jay, 2.5; Carolina Wren, 2; one-third of their pre-burn coverage and Downy Woodpecker, 1.5; Great CrestedFly- understoryvegetation about 25% by the start catcher, 1.5; Corn. Flicker, 1; Pine Warbler, 86. MATURE LONGLEAF PINE FOR- of the census.The number of bird species 1; Bobwhite, +; Rufous-sidedTowhee, +. and territorial males remained almost con- EST. --Location: Georgia; Thomas Co., Ar- Total: 9 species; 15.5 territorial males stant in pre- and post-fire censuseson these 2 cadia Plantation, 4 mi SE of the junction of (77/km 2, 31/100 acres). Visitors: Red- pine islands.---ANTHONY CAPRIO, DALE Rts 319 and 212; 30ø45'N, 84ø00'W, Pine Park shouldered Hawk, Swallow-tailed Kite, L. TAYLOR, MIKE BRITTEN and REGINA and Thomasville Quadrangles, USGS. Con- Screech Owl, Corn. Nighthawk. Remarks: ROCHEFORT, Nat'l Park Service, South tinulty: Established 1980; 2 consecutive Nests found: Red-bellied Woodpecker, 2; Florida Research Center, Everglades Nat'l years Size:20 ha = 49.4 acres. Descriptionof Blue Jay, 2; Downy Woodpecker, 1. Burning Park, Homestead, FL 33030. Plot: See AB 35:69 (1981). Weather: Fair; 42- resulted in a 91% reduction in the number of 76øF Coverage:Apr. 11, 18, 27; May 1,7, 16, live stems greater than 3 ft in the sample 25,31 Total man-hours:22.3. Census:Indigo plots. Herbaceous vegetationand most hard- 89. VIRGIN SUBTROPICAL SLASH Bunting, 9 (45, 18); Rufous-sidedTowhee, 9; woods and shrubsresprouted but were still PINE FOREST-DECEMBER BURN. -- Lo- Bachman's Sparrow, 8 (40, 16); E. Meadow- less than 3 ft tall. The total number of bird cation: Florida; Collier Co., Big Cypress lark, 6 5 (33, 12); Blue Grosbeak,5.5 (28, 11); species recorded is less than last year (9 Nat'l Preserve, Sec. 28, 33; T51S, R34E, Great Crested Flycatcher, 4.5 (23, 9); Blue comparedto 13), even thoughthe total num- 25ø28'N., 81ø55'W, N of Fifty-mile Bend Jay, 4 5; Corn. Yellowthroat, 4.5; Red- ber of territorial males had not decreased Quadrangle, USGS. Continnity: New [1980 belhed Woodpecker, 4 (20, 8); Red-headed greatly (15.5 compared to 17). Pine Warbler census,AB 35:70 (1981), broken into 4 plots Woodpecker, 4; Brown-headed Cowbird, 4; numbers were down (1 compared to 7).-- with differing burn schedules].Size: 4.4 ha = White-breasted Nuthatch, 3.5 (18, 7); Corn. ANTHONY CAPRIO and DALE L. TAY- 10.8 acres (two transects totalling 900 m, 160 Fhcker, 3 (15, 6); E. Wood Pewee, 3; Brown- LOR, Nat'l Park Service, South Florida Re- ft strip; measured with compassand tape) headed Nuthatch, 3; Mourning Dove, 2.5; search Center, Everglades Nat'l Park, Descriptionof Plot: Two adjacentpine islands Wood Duck, 2; Bobwhite, 2; Pine Warbler, Homestead, FL 33030. (10.4 and 33.0 ha) located within a mosaic of 2, Red-cockaded Woodpecker, 1.5; Tufted interspersed pine forest islands, cypress T•tmouse, 1.5; Carolina Wren, 1.5; E. domes, and cypress prairies. The pine •s- Bluebird, 1.5; Yellow-breasted Chat, 1.5; 88. VIRGIN SUBTROPICAL SLASH lands were burned on Dec. 10, 1980. Quan- Hmry Woodpecker, 1; Loggerhead Shrike, PINE FOREST-FEBRUARY BURN. -- Lo- titative analysis of the pine forest vegetation 1, Orchard Oriole, 1; Summer Tanager, 1; cation: Florida; Collier Co., Big Cypress based on four 0.06 ha. plots gave the follow- Great Horned Owl, +; Pileated Wood- Nat'l Preserve, Sec. 33, 34; T51S, R34E; ing results. For trees 1 in. dbh and larger, pecker, +; Downy Woodpecker, +; E. 25ø28'N; 81ø55'W; N of Fifty-mile Bend 191/acre; total basal area 69.7 ft:/ac•e K•ngb•rd, +; Carolina Chickadee, +; Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity:New [1980 Speciescomprising 100% of the total number Brown Thrasher, +; Cardinal, +. Total: 35 census,AB 35:70 (1981), broken into 4 plots of trees: Slash Pine (Pinus elliottii var species, 96 territorial males (480/km 2, with differing burn schedules].Size: 5.8 ha = densa) 184, 97, 97, 74; Cabbage Palmetto 194/100 acres). Visitors: Chimney Swift, 14.4 acres. Two transects totaling 1200 m, (Sabal palmetto) 7, 3, 3, 5. Shrubs covered Purple Martin, Mockingbird, Am. Robin, 160 ft strip; measured with compass and 13% of ground area 7 months post-burn Palm Warbler, Corn. Grackle, Red-winged tape). Description of Plot: Two pine islands Dominant species (followed by importance Blackbird, Field Sparrow. Remarks: Thanks (27.8 and 26.4 ha) within a mosaic of inter- value) were Serenoa repens (231) and Sabal to Tall Timbers Research Station for spersedpine forest islands, cypressdomes, palmetto (75). Understory species covered financial assistance and for permission to and cypress prairies. Pine islands were 20% of the ground area. Major specieswere conduct research in the forest.--TODD EN- burned Feb. 25, 1981. Quantitative analysis Muhlenbergia filipes, Rhyncospora dr- GSTR OM, Dept. Biological Science, Florida of the pine forestbased on four 0.06 ha plots yergens, $chizachyrium rhizomatum, Pas- State Univ., Tallahassee, FL 32306. gave the followingresults: For trees 1 in. dbh palurn monostachyum, Cladium jamaicen- and larger 177/acre, total basal area 61.5 sis. Edge: Similar habitat on all sides 87. CUTOVER SUBTROPICAL SLASH ft2/acre. Speciescomprising 100% of the to- Topography:Flat. Elevation:3-4 m. Weather: PINE FOREST. -- Location: Florida; Dade tal numberof trees: SlashPine (Pinuselliottii Cloud cover; mean 29%, range 0-100% Co, Everglades Nat'l Park, western Long vat. densa) 164, 92, 97, 90; Pond Cypress Wind; 0-5 mph on all visits. Temperature, P•ne Key, Pine Block E, about 150m E of fire (Taxodium ascendens) 13, 8, 3, 10. Shrubs mean 73øF, range 65-75ø. Precipitation; none ecology longterm plot E6; 25ø25'N, covered about 10% of the ground area 2 during visits, dew present on vegetation 35% 80ø41'30"W, Long Pine Key Quadrangle, months post-fire. Dominant species were of time, ground dry on all visits. Coverage: USGS Continuity: Established1980. Size: Serenoarepens, Sabal palmetto, andMyrica Apr. 1, 13, 28; May 1, 5, 7, 14, 16;0610-0845, 20 24 ha = 50 acres. Descriptionof Plot: See cerifera. Understory speciescovered 10% of EST. Total man-hours: 6.5. Census: Pine AB 35 69-70, 104 (1980). Pine Block E and the ground area. Major specieswere Rhyn- Warbler, 4 (92, 37); Red-bellied Woodpeck- the plot were burned on September 18, 1980 cospora divergens, Schizachyrium rhizo- er, 4; Bobwhite, 3 (69, 28); Brown-headed w•th a backing fire. The fire had little impact mature, Paspalum monostachyum, An- Nuthatch, 3; E. Bluebird, 2; Downy Wood- on the Slash Pine (Pinus elliottii vat. densa) dropogon virginicus, and Muhlenbergia pecker, 1; Great CrestedFlycatcher, 1; Blue- overstory. A substantialchange occurred in filipes. Edge: Similar habitat on all sides. gray Gnatcatcher, 1; Cardinal, 1. Total: 10 the understory shrub and hardwood compo- Topography: Flat. Elevation: 3-4m. Weather: species; 20 territorial males (458/km 2, nent A quantitative survey of these shrubs Cloud cover; mean 17%, range0-95%. Wind: 185/100 acres). Visitors: Wood Duck, Swal- and hardwoods based in the same eight 0.1 0-5 mph on all visits. Temperature: mean low-tailed Kite, Red-cockadedWoodpecker, acre rectangular plots used for the 1980 sur- 73øF, range 68-80ø. Precipitation: none. Corn. Crow, Corn. Flicker, Carolina Wren, vey gave the following results: Understory Coverage: Apr. 11, 13, 28; May 1, 5, 7, 14; Corn. Yellowthroat, Red-winged Blackbird, hardwood and shrubs 342 stems/acre. By 0530-0905, EST. Total man-hours: 5. Census: Corn. Grackle, Rufous-sided Towhee. Re- height class (figures after each class show Red-bellied Woodpecker, 3 (51, 21); Bob- marks: Nests found: Pileated Woodpecker,

74 AmericanBtrds, January 1982 1, Brown-headed Nuthatch, 1, E Bluebird, 91. VIRGIN SUBTROPICAL SLASH nod Mean temperature at the start of morn- 1. The fire had little impact on overstorytree PINE FOREST-UNBURNED CONTROL. -- ing censuseswas 7øC(range - 4ø-18ø) Cover- species.Impact on shrubsand understory Location: Florida; Collier Co., Big Cypress age: May 27-28, 30-31; June 2, 4-9, 11-13, 15, species was severe, but temporary. By the Nat'l Preserve, Sec. 33; T51S, R34E, 20, 22; 0540-1030. Total man-hours 104 start of the census period, shrubs had re- 25ø28'N; 81ø55'W; N of Fifty-mile Bend Census: Ovenbird, 9 (51, 21); Golden- covered about 65% of their preburn cover- Quadrangle, USGS. Continuity: New [1980 crowned Kinglet, 8 (46, 18); Yellow-rumped age. Number of bird species on the 2 pine census,AB 35:70 (1981), broken into 4 plots Warbler, 7 (40, 16); White-throated Sparrow, islands declined from 14 to 10, but the num- with differingburn schedules].Size: 2.9 ha = 7; Nashville Warbler, 6.5 (37, 15); Cape May ber of territorial males remained nearly con- 7.2 acres (1 transect totaling 600 m, 160 ft Warbler, 6 (34, 14); Chipping Sparrow, 5 5 stant.---ANTHONY CAPRIO, DALE L. strip; measuredwith compassand tape). De- (31, 13); Hermit Thrush, 4 (23, 9); Dark-eyed TAYLOR, MIKE BRITTEN, and REGINA scription of Plot: A pine island (18.6 ha) Junco, 3 (17, 7); Boreal Chickadee, 2 5, ROCHEFORT, Nat'l Park Service, South located within a mosaic of interspersedpine Black-cappedChickadee, 2; Brown Creeper, Florida Research Center, Everglades Nat'l forest islands, cypress domes and cypress 2; Ruby-crowned Kinglet, 2; Corn. Yellow- Park, Homestead, FL 33030. prairies. It remained unburned during the throat, 2; Red-breastedNuthatch, 1; Solitary 1980-81fire year. Quantitativeanalysis of the Vireo, 1; Hairy Woodpecker, +; Blue Jay, pine forest based on four 0.06 ha plots gave +; Yellow-bellied Flycatcher, +; Magnolia 90. VIRGIN SUBTROPICAL SLASH the following results. For trees 1 in. dbh and Warbler, +. Total: 20 species; 68 5 ter- PINE FOREST-SUMMER BURN. -- Loca- larger, 177/acre, total basal area 61.5 ritories (392/km 2, 159/100 acres). Visitors: tion: Florida; Collier Co., Big CypressNat'l ftUacre. Speciescomprisisng 100% of the Broad-winged Hawk, Corn. Flicker, Pdeated Preserve, Sec. 33, 34; T51S, R34E; 25ø28'N, total number of trees: Slash Pine (Pinus el- Woodpecker, Gray Jay, Am. Robin, Cedar 81ø55'W. N of Fifty-mile Bend Quadrangle, liottii var. densa) 164, 92, 97, 90; Pond Cy- Waxwing, Red-eyed Vireo, Black-throated USGS. Continuity: New [1980 census, AB press (Taxodium ascendens) 13, 8, 3, 10. Green Warbler, Connecticut Warbler, Eve- 35:70 (1981), broken into 4 plots with differ- Shrubs covered about 16% of the ground ning Grosbeak, Purple Finch, Am lng burn schedules].Size: 5.8 ha = 14.4acres area. Major species(followed by importance Goldfinch, Lincoln's Sparrow. Remarks: (two transectstotaling 1200 m, 160 ft strip; value) were S erenoa repens(219), Sabal pal- Nests found: Red-breasted Nuthatch, Her- measuredwith compassand tape). Descrip- metto (61), Myrsine floridana (10), Persea mit Thrush (2), Ovenbird (2), Dark-eyed tion of Plot: Two adjacent pine islands(13.6 borbonia(6), Myrica cerifera (4). Edge:Simi- Junco. DEANNA DAWSON and BAR- and 26.8 ha) located within a mosaicof inter- lar habitat on all sides. Topography:Flat. BARA DOWELL, Migratory Btrd and spersedpine forest islands, cypressdomes, Elevation: 3-4 m. Weather: Cloud cover; Habitat Research Laboratory, U S Ftsh and cypressprairies. The pine islandswere mean 13%, range 1-20%. Wind: 0-5 mph on 3 and Wildlife Service, Laurel, MD 20708 burnedon Aug. 14, 1980.Quantitative analy- visits, none on 2. Temperature: Mean 74øF, sisof the pine forest vegetationbased on four range 70-80ø . Precipitation: None, dew pre- 93. MIXED UPLAND HABITAT AND 0 06 ha plots gave the following results. For sent on one visit, ground dry on all visits. SWAMP. -- Location: Connecticut; Fmrfield trees 1 in dbh and larger, 209/acre; total basal Coverage:Apr 13, 28; May 5, 7, 14; 0540- Co., Newtown, intersection of Route 34 and area 61.5 ft2/acre. Speciescomprising 100% 0920, EST. Total man-hours: 5. Census: Zoar Rd; 41ø24'N, 73ø14'W, Southbury of the total number of trees: Slash Pine Blue-gray Gnatcatcher, 1; Brown-headed Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity:Estabhshed (Pinus elliottii vat. densa) 196, 94, 98, 66; Nuthatch, 1; E. Bluebird, 1; Pine Warbler, 1. 1968; 14 consecutiveyears. Size: 14.16ha = Pond Cypress (Taxodium ascendens) 13, 6, Total: 4 species;4 territorial males (137/ km:, 35 acres. Description of Plot: See AFN 22 2, 6. Shrubscovered 18% of the groundarea 56/100 acres). Visitors: Swallow-tailed Kite, 714-715 (1968). Coverage:May 22, 29, June 5, 10 months post-burn. Dominant species(fol- Bobwhite, Com. Flicker, Red-bellied Wood- 14, 30; 0540-0945, EDT. Total man-hours lowed by importance value) were Serenoa pecker, Downy Woodpecker, Great Crested 11. Census: Ovenbird, 5 (35, 14), Wood repens (206), Saba! palmetto (91), and My- Flycatcher, Carolina Wren, Cardinal, Ruf- Thrush, 4 (28, 11); Blue Jay, 3 (21, 9), White- rtca cerifera (3). Understory speciescovered ous-sided Towhee. Remarks: The number of breasted Nuthatch, 2; House Wren, 2, Am 47% of the ground area. The major species speciesand territorial males was about 50% Robin, 2; Veery, 2; Rufous-sidedTowhee, 2, were Schizachyriumrhizomatum, Paspalum lower during this yeaif s censuscompared to Great Crested Flycatcher, 1; E. Wood monostachyum, Muhlenbergia filipes, Lud- a year ago. Only the Pine Warbler and E. Pewee, 1; Black-capped Chickadee, 1, wigia microcarpa. Edge: Similar habitat on Bluebird were found both years.- Tufted Titmouse, 1; Black-and-white War- all sides.Topography: Flat. Elevation:3-4 m. ANTHONY CAPRIO, DALE L. TAYLOR, bler, 1; Brown-headed Cowbird, 1; Scarlet Weather: Cloud cover: mean 29%. Wind 0-5 MIKE BRITTEN and REGINA ROCHE- Tanager, 1; Cardinal, 1; Rose-breastedGros- mph on all visits. Temperature: mean 68øF, FORT, Nat'l Park Service, South Florida beak, 1; Song Sparrow, 1; Ruffed Grouse, +, range 62-80ø . Precipitation:none. Coverage: Research Center, Everglades Nat'l Park, Mourning Dove, +; Chimney Swift, +, Apr 13, 28; May 1, 5, 7, 14, 16; 0520-0930, Homestead, FL 33030. Com. Flicker, +; Downy Woodpecker, +, EST. Total man-hours: 5.5. Census: Blue- E. Phoebe, +; Gray Catbird, +; Red-eyed gray Gnatcatcher, 3 (51, 21); Cardinal, 3; E. Vireo, +; Blue-winged Warbler, +, Prmne Bluebird, 2; Pine Warbler, 2; Bobwhite, 1; 92. JACK PINE-BLACK SPRUCE FOR- Warbler, +; Com. Yellowthroat, +, F•eld Downy Woodpecker, 1; Great Crested Fly- EST. -- Location: Michigan; Schoolcraft Sparrow, +. Total: 30 species;32 terntonal catcher, 1; Brown-headed Nuthatch, 1; Co., 7 mi E of Shingleton, 1 mi S of M-28; males (226/km:, 91/100 acres). Visitors: House Wren, 1; Carolina Wren, 1. Total: 10 46ø19'55"N, 86ø18'25"W;Shingleton Quad- Com. Crow, Brown Thrasher, Chestnut- species; 16 territorial males (275/km2, rangle, USGS. Continuity: Established 1980. sided Warbler, N. Oriole, Red-winged 111/ 100 acres). Visitors: Red-bellied Wood- Size: 17.5 ha = 43.2 acres. Description of Blackbird, Com. Grackle, Indigo Bunting, pecker, Pileated Woodpecker, Com. Yellow- Plot: See AB 35:70-71 (1981). An indepen- House Finch. Remarks: There were 7 more throat, Rufous-sided Towbee. Remarks: dent sample of vegetationtaken in 1981gave speciesand 3 fewer territorial males than •n Nest found: E. Bluebird. Impact from the the following results: Trees 3 cm diameter 1980, despite tremendousdefoliation caused August fire on overstory trees was minimal. and over, based on 40 0.1-acre circular sam- by gypsy moth larvae.--LEON L. BARK- Impact on shrubsand understory vegetation ples, 567.3/acre; total basal area 111.6 MAN and POLL Y BROD Y, Western Corm was severe, but temporary. Shrubsreturned ft2/acre. Speciescomprising at least 90% of Bird Club, P.O. Box 542, Woodbury, CT to about 75% and understory speciesto about the total number of trees: Jack Pine (Pinus 06798. 60% of their pre-burncoverage by the startof banksiana), 249, 44, 71, 100; Black Spruce the census. Number of bird specieson the 2 (Picea mariana), 156, 28, 15, 97; dead trees, 94. OAK FOREST, PASTURES AND pine islands decreased from 16 to 10, and 141, 25, 11,97. Trees by diameter size class: THICKETS. -- Location: Connecticut, Mid- number of territorial males decreased from S (3-8 cm) 143.5, 25, 3.7, 3; A (8-15 cm)216.5, dlesex Co., Dolbia Hill and adjacent Burn- 21 to 16 from the previous year.- 38, 21.5, 19; B (15-23 cm) 159, 28, 47.7, 43; C ham Brook Preserve, East Haddam (SE cor- ANTHONY CAPRIO, DALE L. TAYLOR, (23-38 cm) 48.3, 9, 38.6, 35. Shrub stems/ ner), 41ø21'30"N, 72ø19'W, Hamburg Quad- MIKE BRITTEN, and REGINA ROCHE- acre 1794; ground over 78%; canopy rangle, USGS. Continuity:Established 1964, FORT, Nat'l Park Service, South Florida cover 50%; average canopy height 16 m 3 intermittent years. Size: AREA I, 14 2 ha = Research Center, Everglades Nat'l Park, (range 9.4-21 m). Weather: Temperatures 35 acres (including26 acres of oak forest, 6 Homestead, FL 33030. and precipitation normal throughout the pe- acres of swamp forest, and 3 acres of Red

Volume 36, Number 1 75 Cedars), AREA II, 14 2 ha = 35 acres (in- Blue-wingedWarbler, 2, House Sparrow, 2, 96. DECIDUOUS FOREST WITH POND cluding 15 acres of pasture, 5 acres of open Scarlet Tanager, 2; Mourning Dove, 1.5; AND BROOK. -- Location: New Jersey, abandonedfields, 14 acres of thickets and Ruffed Grouse, 1; Am. Woodcock,1; Black- Bergen Co., Mahwah; CampgawMountain young forest, and 1 acre of farmyard). De- billed Cuckoo, 1; Whip-poor-will, 1; E. King- Reservation. Continuity: Established1964, scriptionof Plots:AREA I, Oak Forest:See bird, 1;Mockingbird, 1; Veery, 1;Black-and- 18 consecutive years. Size: Approximately AFN 18:568 (1964), 21:669 (1967). The white Warbler, 1; Cardinal, 1; Rose-breasted 16.2 ha = 40 acres.Description of Plot: See woodland continues to recover from the Grosbeak,1; Purple Finch, 1; House Finch, AFN 19:623-624 (1965). Coverage:May 19, 1959-60lumbering operation. A severegypsy 1. Total: 31 species;66 territorial males or 21, 26, 28, 30; June 4, 9, 11, 16; 0530-0700 moth mfestationthis year defoliatedmuch of females (466/km 2, 189/100 acres). Visitors: Total party-hours: 12. Census:Veery, 4 (25, the study area. AREA II, Pasture,Thicket Mallard, Turkey Vulture, Red-tailedHawk, 10); Starling,4; Ovenbird, 4; Tree Swallow, 3 and Young Forest: Twelve acres of the pas- Red-shouldered Hawk, Broad-winged (19, 8); Tufted Titmouse, 3; ScarletTanager, ture have been continuouslygrazed by live- Hawk, Osprey, Am. Kestrel, Yellow-billed 3; Com. Flicker, 2; E. Wood Pewee, 2, stock duringthe growingseasons---cattle up Cuckoo, Corn. Nighthawk, Ruby-throated Black-capped Chickadee, 2; Gray Catbird, 2, to 1979; horsesfor the past 2 years. Four of Hummingbird, Corn. Flicker, Pileated Wood Thrush, 2; Blue-winged Warbler, 2, the 9 nestingboxes erected were occupied. Woodpecker, Red-bellied Woodpecker, Cardinal, 2; Indigo Bunting, 2; Song Spar- Some of the thicket present in 1967 has now Great Crested Flycatcher, E. Phoebe, E. row, 2; Yellow-billedCuckoo, 1; E: King- become young forest. Edge: AREA I is Wood Pewee, Blue Jay, Corn. Crow, Black- bird, 1; Great Crested Flycatcher, 1; Blue boundedon 3 sidesby similarforested coun- cappedChickadee, Tufted Titmouse,Wood Jay, 1; BrownCreeper, 1; HouseWren, 1, try and on the N by Area II. AREA II is Thrush, E. Bluebird, Blue-gray Gnatcatcher, Am. Robin, 1; Red-eyed Vireo, 1; Black-and- boundedon all sidesby forest, that on the N Cedar Waxwing, Yellow-rumped Warbler, white Warbler, 1; LouisianaWaterthrush, 1, describedin AFN 19:592-593 (1965). Topog- Corn. Yellowthroat, Am. Redstart, Red- Com. Yellowthroat,1; Red-wingedBlack- raphy: AREA I, ledgy ridges 330-530 ft; wingedBlackbird, Corn. Grackle, Blue Gros- bird, 1; Com. Grackle, 1; Rufous-sidedTow- AREA II, greatly sloping,350-450 ft. Cover- beak, Evening Grosbeak, Am. Goldfinch, hee, 1. Total: 29 species;53 territorial males age:May 13-14,20-22, 24-25, 27, 31; June1, Song Sparrow. Remarks: Nests found (18): (327/km 2, 133/100 acres).--J.M 3, 6-8, 10, 12, 17, 19-20; 0545-0900, 0930- ChimneySwift, 2; E. Kingbird, 1;Tree Swal- BROTHERTON (compiler), Fyke Nature 1030, and 1700-1800,EDT. Total man-hours: low, 4; Barn Swallow, 2; House Wren, 2; Assoc., 249 E. Crescent Ave, Mahwah, NJ 28 Census:AREA I, OAK FOREST: Oven- Starling, 1; House Sparrow, 2; N. Oriole, 2; 07430. b•rd, 10.5 (74, 30); Red-eyedVireo, 7 (49, 20); House Finch, 1; Rufous-sided Towhee, 1. Veery, 5.5 (39, 16);Wood Thrush, 5 (35, 14); Comparedwith the 1967census, there was a Scarlet Tanager, 5; Black-capped Chick- marked decline in the breedingpopulation of 97. BRUSHY FIELD AND WOODED adee, 4 (28, 11); Worm-eating Warbler, 4; towhees and House Wrens; E. Bluebirdsand EDGE. -- Location: Pennsylvania;Cumber- Rufous-sided Towhee, 4; Black-and-white E. Meadowlarks are still absent as breeders land Co., 1 mi NE of Carlisle,0.3 mi NNW of Warbler, 3.5 (25, 10); Tufted Titmouse, 3 (21, after 4 years.--R.H. GOODWIN, Dept. of US Rt. 11, off Cavalry Rd on Nat'l Guard 9), Yellow-throatedVireo, 3; Canada War- Botany, Conn. College, New London, CT property;40ø12'N, 77ø10'W, Carlisle Quad- bler, 3, Am. Redstart, 3; Yellow-billed Cuc- 06320, and JULIE S. ZICKEFOOSE, 8508 rangle,USGS. Continuity:Established 1978, koo, 2; E. Wood Pewee, 2; Blue Jay, 2; Academy Rd, Richmond VA 23229. 4 consecutiveyears. Size: 7.54 ha = 18.62 Whtte-breastedNuthatch, 2; Am. Robin, 2; acres. Descriptionof Plot: See AB 33:74 Blue-gray Gnatcatcher,2; Mourning Dove, (1979). Weather: Normal temperaturesand 1 5, N Oriole, 1.5; Ruffed Grouse, 1; Hairy precipitation.Temperatures ranged from 14- Woodpecker, 1; Downy Woodpecker, 1; 95. UPLAND BRUSHY PASTURE. -- Lo- 22øC.Coverage: May 30; June11, 15, 17, 21, Great Crested Flycatcher, 1; E. Phoebe, 1; cation: Connecticut; Litchfield Co., White 24, 28; July 2, 8; 0600-1030.Total man-hours Gray Catbird, 1; Hermit Thrush, 1; Blue- Memorial Foundation, Litchfield; 41ø42'N, 14. Census:Gray Catbird,7.5 (100,40); Song wingedWarbler, 1; Hooded Warbler, 1; Car- 73ø13'28"W,Litchfield Quadrangle, USGS. Sparrow, 7 (93, 98); Am. Robin, 5 (66, 27), dmal, 1; Rose-breastedGrosbeak, 1. Total: Continuity:Established 1965; 15 intermittent HouseWren, 4 (53, 21); Cardinal,2.5; Wd- 32 species;86.5 territorial males(611/km 2, years.Size: 8.5 ha = 21 acres.Description of low Flycatcher, 2; Starling,2; Corn. Yellow 247/100 acres). Visitors: Turkey Vulture, Plot: See AFN 19:609-610 (1965). Coverage: throat, 2; Brown-headedCowbird, 2; Field Red-tailed Hawk, Red-shouldered Hawk, Apr. 9; June2, 4, 6, 9-11. Total man-hours: Sparrow, 2; Yellow Warbler, 1.5; Mourning Peregrine Falcon, Black-billed Cuckoo, 11. Census:Gray Catbird, 18 (212, 86); Blue- Dove, 1; Corn. Flicker, 1; Downy Wood- Barred Owl, Whip-poor-will, Chimney wingedWarbler, 8 (94, 38); Red-eyedVireo, pecker, 1; Blue Jay, 1; Brown Thrasher, 1, Swift, Corn. Flicker, Pileated Woodpecker, 7 (82, 33); Com. Yellowthroat, 7; Black- Wood Thrush, 1; N. Oriole, 1; Yellow-billed Red-bellied Woodpecker, Tree Swallow, cappedChickadee, 5 (59, 24); Cedar Wax- Cuckoo, 0.5; Am. Goldfinch,0.5; Mocking- Barn Swallow, Corn. Crow, House Wren, wing, 4 (47, 19);Black-and-white Warbler, 4; bird, +; Corn. Grackle, +; HouseFinch, + Swainsoh's Thrush, Cedar Waxwing, Star- Am. Goldfinch, 4; Rufous-sided Towhee, 4; Total: 23 species;45.5 territorial males or hng, N. Parula, Magnolia, Yellow-rumped, Nashville Warbler, 3 (35, 14); Rose-breasted females (604/km:, 244/100 acres). Visitors: Black-throated Green, Cerulean, Chestnut- Grosbeak, 3; Am. Woodcock, 2; Blue Jay, 2; Green Heron, Ring-neckedPheasant, Rock s•ded,Blackpoll, and Prairie warblers, Loui- Veery, 2; Chestnut-sidedWarbler, 2; Oven- Dove, Chimney Swift, Barn Swallow, Great siana Waterthrush, Corn. Yellowthroat, bird, 2; Am. Redstart, 2; Field Sparrow, 2; CrestedFlycatcher, E. Wood Pewee, Corn Red-winged Blackbird, Brown-headed Cow- Ruffed Grouse, 1; Black-billed Cuckoo, 1; Crow, Red-wingedBlackbird, Indigo Bunt- btrd, Purple Finch, House Finch, Chipping Screech Owl, 1; Tufted Titmouse, 1; Wood ing. Remarks:Very typical year. Previous3 Sparrow. Remarks: Nests found (4): E. Thrush, 1; Yellow Warbler, 1: CanadaWar- years'averages are 22 speciesand 44 territo- Phoebe, 1; Am. Robin, 1; Veery, 2. A decline bler, 1; N. Oriole, 1; Cardinal, 1; Corn. rial pairs. This yeaifs 23 speciesand 45 5 m number of thicket species (Rufous-sided Flicker, 0.5; Corn. Crow, 0.5; Warbling pairs is quite close to other years. Only Towhee, Hooded Warbler, House Wren, Vireo, 0.5; Scarlet Tanager, 0.5; Broad- noteworthy changes were sharp rise •n Chestnut-sidedWarbler, ChippingSparrow) wingedHawk, +; Yellow-billedCuckoo, +; House Wrens, disappearanceof Yellow- and an increase in interior forest species Great Horned Owl, +; Barred Owl, +; E. breasted Chat, and decline in Corn. Yellow- (Veery, Yellow-throated Vireo, Canada Kingbird, +. Total: 36 species;92 territorial throats.--BRlAN F. ROLLF1NKE, 1013 Warbler) may reflectthe continuingrecovery males (1083/kin 2, 438/100 acres). Remarks: Harriet St, Carlisle, PA 17013. of the area from the 1959-60lumbering opera- Growth of vegetation remains significant tton Census: AREA II, PASTURE, THIC- every year. After considerablerises in both 98. RED OAK-AMERICAN BASSWOOD KET AND YOUNG FOREST: Brown- speciesnumbers and numbersof territorial SAVANNAH. -- Location: Ontario; Hal- headed Cowbird, 5 (35, 14); Chipping malesfor many years,for the secondyear in dimand Norfolk RegionalMunicipality, Port Sparrow, 5; Ovenbird, 4.5 (32, 13); Tree a row there was a decline. This year species Rowan, 5 mi E of Long Point Prov. Park on Swallow, 4 (28, 11); Rufous-sidedTowhee, 4; droppedby 4, andterritorial males by 7. New Courtright Ridge; 42ø33'N, 80ø17'W, B•g HouseWren, 3 (21, 9); Prairie Warbler, 3; N. breedersin the increasedgrowth were single Rice Bay. Continuity: Established1979; 2 Oriole, 3; Field Sparrow, 3; ChimneySwift, Screech Owl and Canada Warbler.- intermittentyears. Size: 7.5 ha = 18.5acres 2, Barn Swallow, 2; Gray Catbird, 2; Am. ANDREW MAGEE, 34 Hobson St, Description of Plot: See AB 34:65 (1980) Rob•n, 2; Staring, 2; Red-eyed Vireo, 2; Springfield,MA 01109. Weather: Normal June conditions; 7 counts

76 AmericanBirds, January 1982 clear, 1 overcast, temperature15ø-25øC, light row, 3, N Oriole, 2 5, Rufaus-sided Tow- ntgra), Black Cherry (P serottna), Alter- winds from SW. Coverage: June 12, 16-20, hee, 2.5; Brown Thrasher, 2; Blue-winged nate-leaved Dogwood (Cornus altermfoha), 26, 28; 0500-0900 EST. Census:Red-winged Warbler, 2; Ruffed Grouse, 1; Blue Jay, 1; Raspberry,Riverbank Grape (Vitis rtparta), Blackbird, 31 (414, 168); Tree Swallow, 16 Brewster's Warbler, 1; Yellow Warbler, 1; and Virginia Creeper (Parthenocissus qutn- (214, 86); Starling, 12 (160, 65); Cam. Red-winged Blackbird, 1; Cam. Grackle, 1; quefolia). Plants most prominent m the Grackle, 10 (134, 54); E. Kingbird, 5 (67, 27); Rose-breastedGrosbeak, 1; Indigo Bunting, understory include: Starry Solomon's-Seal E Wood Pewee, 4 (53, 22); N. Oriole, 3 (40, 1; Ruby-throated Hummingbird, 0.5; E. (Smilicina stellata), Enchanter'sNightshade 16); Blue-winged Teal, 2; Cam. Yellow- Phoebe, 0.5; Brown-headed Cowbird, see (Circaea quadrisulcata), Jewelweed, Poison throat, 2; Song Sparrow, 2; Mallard, 1; Remarks; Turkey Vulture, +; Cam. Flicker, Ivy (Rhus radicans), Wild Cucumber Mourning Dove, 1; Great Horned Owl, 1; +; Downy Woodpecker, +; Least Fly- (Echinocystis lobata) and Catnip (Nepeta House Wren, 1; Cedar Waxwing, 1; Yellow catcher, +; Starling, +. Total: 30 species;84 cataria). Topography: Generally fiat, steep Warbler, 1; Wood Duck, +; Great Crested territorial males or females (1150.7/km 2, rise along E margin. Elevation: 1090ft Wea- Flycatcher, +. Total: 18 species,93 territo- 474.6/100 acres). Visitors:Black-billed Cuc- ther: 18-26ø;mostly sunnyand warm Cover- rial males (1242/km 2, 503/100 acres). koo, E. Kingbird, E. Wood Pewee, Rough- age: May 21-22, 31; June 3, 8, 12, 16-17, 20, ¾•sitors: Am. Kestrel, Rock Dove, Belted winged Swallow, Cam. Crow, Yellow- 26, 29-30; July 1, 8; 1900-2145 hours Total Kingfisher, Barn Swallow, Blue Jay. Re- throated Vireo, Red-eyed Vireo, Warbling man-hours: 27. Census:Gray Catbird, 5 (46, marks: Nests found: Wood Duck, Great Vireo, Tennessee Warbler, Bobolink, E. 19); Red-winged Blackbird, 5, Cam Horned Owl, E. Kingbird, Tree Swallow, Meadowlark, Song Sparrow. Remarks: Grackle, 5; Song Sparrow, 5; Mallard, 3 (27, Starling, Red-winged Blackbird, N. Oriole. Nests found: Gray Catbird, 3; Mourning 11); Mourning Dove, 3; Am. Robin, 3, Cardi- The densityof peweeshas declined to 47% of Dove, 1; Cedar Waxwing, 1; Brown nal, 3; Cedar Waxwing, 2; Starling, 2, N the 1979 figure. However, Red-winged Thrasher, 1; Brewster's Warbler, 1. Of the Oriole, 2; Am. Goldfinch, 2; Ruby-throated Blackbird and Tree Swallow densities have 18.5 Am. Redstart territories 13 were found Hummingbird, 1; Cam. Flicker, 1; Downy increased by 32% and 62% respectively.- in one area of approximately 2 ha. Density Woodpecker, 1; E. Kingbird, 1; Least Fly- CHRISTOPHER LEMIEUX, Long Point figures for this 2 ha area are 650/kin 2 (= catcher, 1; Blue Jay, 1; Black-capped Chick- Btrd Observatory, Port Rowan, Ont., 268/100 acres)which are considerablyhigher adee, 1; Brown Thrasher, 1; Warbling Vireo, Canada NOE IMO. than those derived for this species when 1; Yellow Warbler, 1; Cam. Yellowthroat, 1, counting territories across the whole plot. House Sparrow, 1; Orchard Oriole, 1, Indigo This plot is well known for its populationsof Bunting, 1. Total: 26 species; 54 territorial 99. REGENERATING OLD FIELD WITH Blue-winged and Golden-winged warblers males (494/km 2, 200/100 acres). Remarks: HAWTHORN-PINE PLANTATION. -- Lo- and their hybrids. No attempt was made to Nests found: Gray Catbird, 2; Cardinal, 2, cation: Ontario; 4 mi W of Milton, Hilton determine Brown-headed Cowbird density MourningDove, 1; Red-wingedBlackbird, 1, Falls Conservation Area (Halton Region becauseof the unsuitability of the methodol- E. Kingbird, 1; Blue Jay, 1. Broods afyaung Conservation Authority Property), 30 M ogy. Total Brown-headed Cowbird registra- of following species found: Mallard, 3, N 12/d ed. I (Milton) grid #832176, tions were 33, mean registrations/trip were Oriole, 2; Am. Robin, 2; Red-wingedBlack- 43ø30'30"N, 79ø58'10"W. Continnity: New 3.7 and registrations for this species were bird, 2; Cam. Grackle, 2; Black-capped (1980). Size: 7.3 ha = 17.7 acres(measured recorded on all 9 trips. We are indebtedto the Chickadee, 1; Orchard Oriole, 1. Area Is with tape on ground).Description of Plot: A Halton Region Conservation Authority for used by pedestriansand cyclists. The plot is heterogeneousmix of hawthorn (Crataegus permissionto publishthis study. Thanks to utilized regularly by a number of avlan sp.) and Red Pine (Pinus resinosa).The N I.S. Liepins for assistancein settingout the species which do not nest here Green half has more hawthorn and the S half more transects.--T.N. TOBIAS, School of Urban Heron, Chimney Swift, Belted Kingfisher, Red Pine. The pine was plantedin the early and Regional Planning, Univ. of Waterloo, Tree Swallow, Barn Swallow, Rough-winged 1970s and most trees are less than 3 in. al- Waterloo, Ont. and M.J. SHARP, Dept. of SwalIaw.--KENNETH DANCE, 132 Vtl- though in some areas many are 3-6 in. In Botany and Genetics, Univ. of Guelph, lage Rd., Kitchener, Ont., N2M 4L2, places both the pine and hawthorn are so Guelph, Ont. Canada. dense as to be impenetrable.Other trees encountered are Scotch Pine (P. sylvestris), 101. MIXED WETLAND WITH TAMA- (2 trees);White Birch (Betulapapyrifera), 3; 100. URBAN PARK WITH POND. -- Lo- RACK AND ASPEN GROVES, SHRUB- apple (Malus sp.), 2; Butternut (Juglans cation: Ontario, Waterloo Region, Kitch- LAND AND FEN. -- Location: Wisconsin, cmerea), 1; andRed Maple (Acerrubrum),1. ener, LakesidePark, E portion,near Stirling Waukesha Co., Falk Woods Nature Canser- A shrub layer is lacking and the herbaceous and Greenbrook Ave.; 43ø25'55"N, vancy Area, 3 mi S afintersectian af Caunty layer is dominatedby tall grasses,Canada 80ø29'45"W.Continuity: New. Size: 10.9 ha Rds. A and F; 42ø56'N, 88ø14'W, Muskego Goldenrod(Solidago canadensis)and Wild = 27 acres (approximatelyrectangular 900 Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity:Established Bergamat(Monardafistulosa). The soillayer x 1300 ft. measured from survey map). De- 1977; 5 consecutiveyears. Size: 16 9 ha = Is very thin and in severalplaces the lime- scriptionof Plot: Containsnearly half of an 41.7 acres.Description of Plot: SeeAB 32 79- stone bedrock is exposed. Because of the urbanpark including1.3 ha of a pond.Along 80 (1978). Weather: Naymal temperatures immaturity of the vegetation,application of the N pondshore is a smallwetland complex andrainfall throughout the period.Coverage: the recommended vegetation analysis supportinggrowths of Cat-tail (Typha lati- June 6, 13, 17, 20, 25.;0600-1030. Total man- (Jamesand Shugart,AB 24:727-736(1970) is folia) andBurreed (Sparganium sp.). North hours: 14. Censns:Yellow Warbler, 16 (95, deemed inappropriate.Edge: One edge is of this is an old field community dominated 38); Song Sparrow, 13 (77, 31); Red-winged bordered by a gravel accessroad that sepa- by Cam. Buckthorn(Rhamnus cathartica), Blackbird, 12 (71, 29); Cam. Yellowthroat, 9 rated the plot from a mixed wood and old Tartarian Honeysuckle (Lonicera tatarica), (53, 22); Veery, 7 (41, 17); Gray Catbird, 6 orchard. Other edgesare borderedvariously Elderberry (Sambucuscanadensis), Jewel- (36, 14); Blue-winged Warbler, 6; Swamp by old fields in a more advanced stage of weed (lmpatiens capensis),goldenrod (Sol- Sparrow, 6; Alder Flycatcher, 4 (24, 10), succession with aspen and more White idago spp.) and Raspberry(Rubus idaeus). Black-cappedChickadee, 4; Am. Goldfinch, Birch, and mature maple woods. Topog- The extreme E sectionof the plot containsan 4; Mourning Dove, 3 (18,7); Cam. Flicker, 3, raphy: Flat. Elevation:1000 ft (308 m). Wea- abandonedgravel quarry (1.2 ha) which has Least Flycatcher, 3; House Wren, 3, Am ther: Generally good visibility, breeze been filled and is grown over in grassesand Robin, 3; Cedar Waxwing, 3; Willow Fly- slightlyinhibiting on 3 trips. Coverage:1980: weeds which are mowed twice each summer. catcher, 2; Cam. Grackle, 2; Brown-headed May 29; June6, 13, 14, 21,27; July 1,5, 10; 8 The remainder of the site (8.4 ha) is covered Cowbird (female), 2; Cardinal, 2, Indigo trips, 0600-0900, and 1, 1835-2130.Total by a mix of successionalspecies. Here the Bunting, 2; Rufaus-sidedTawhee, 2, Am man-hours: 23.5. Census: Am. Redstart, 18.5 dominant tree, shrubsand vines in order of Woodcock, 1; Downy Woodpecker, 1, Great (253.4, 104.5); Gray Catbird, 16 (219.2, 90.4); decreasingabundance are: Balsam Poplar Crested Flycatcher, 1; Blue Jay, 1, Wood Field Sparrow, 8 (109.6, 45.2); Mourning (Populusbalsamifera), Box-elder (Acer ne- Thrush, 1; Red-eyed Vireo, 1; Mourning Dove, 4 (54.8, 22.6); Am. Goldfinch,4; Am. gundo), Quaking Aspen (P. tremuloides), Warbler, 1; Yellow-breasted Chat, 1, N Robin, 3.5 (48.0, 19.8); Great Crested Fly- Staghorn Sumac (Rhus typhina), Choke Oriole, 1; Rose-breastedGrosbeak, 1, Ruby- catcher, 3 (41.I, 17.0); Cedar Waxwing, 3; Cherry (Prunus virginiana), Am. Elm (Ul- throated Hummingbird, 0.5. Total: 34 Golden-wingedWarbler, 3; Chipping Spar- mus americana), Black Walnut (Juglans species; 127.5 territorial males or females

Volume 36, Number I 77 (756/km 2, 306/100 acres) Visitors: Black- found Rufous-sldedTowhee New breeding fi Edge: S•mfiar woods on 3 sides, to N lies billed Cuckoo, Chestnut-sided Warbler, speciesfor the study: Yellow-billed Cuckoo, open bottomlandwoods, someweedy fields, Ovenbird. Remarks: Nest located: Downy Swainson's Warbler, and Black-throated and a gravel road (about 100 ft from the N Woodpecker; fledglingsnoted: Blue Jay.- Green Warbler. The most noteworthy edge). Topography:Steep slopesfacing E BOB ADAMS, VERNA UNE (compiler), S species of this year's census were the and W mostly. Some outcrops of Ordovician 13 W22167Ridge Rd, Waukesha,W153186. Carolina Wren (first territories since 1976) limestone. Elevation: 560-780ft. Coverage: and the Swainson's Warbler. The Swain- Apr. 11, 25; May 2, 16; June 3, 5, 9, 19, 27, son's Warbler is an uncommon, localized 0830-1130, CDT. Total man-hours: over 18 102. DISTURBED OAK-HICKORY FOR- breederin our area, preferringrhododendron Census:Red-eyed Vireo, 15 (190, 77); Aca- EST, PINE STAND, EDGE, AND POND. -- thickets by streams. There were at least 6 dian Flycatcher, 7 (88, 36); Kentucky War- Location: Ohio; Licking Co., Eden Town- territories of this specieson or near the plot. bler, 6 (76, 31); Wood Thrush, 5 (89, 36), sh•p, Camp Falling Rock, 1.2 mi NNE of the Most were not in areas that would be con- Worm-eating Warbler, 5; N. Parula, 3.5 (44, intersection of County Rd 210 and St. Rt 79; sidered optimum habitat. Possibly the wet 18); Hooded Warbler, 3.5; Ruby-throated 40ø11'N, 82ø18.5'W, Newark Quadrangle, springhad somethingto do with their sudden Hummingbird, 3 (38, 15); Yellow-billed Cuc- USGS Continuity: Established 1937; 43 in- occurrence.--RICHARD LEWIS, Rt. 3 Box koo, 2; Louisiana Waterthrush, 2; Scarlet termlttent years. Size: 14.16 ha = about 35 470, Bristol, TN 37620. Tanager, 2; Indigo Bunting, 2; Blue-gray acres Descriptionof Plot: See Bird-Lore 39: Gnatcatcher, 1.5; Cerulean Warbler, 1.5, 379-80(1937). Weather: Severerainstorms in 104. DISTURBED MIXED-MESO- Cardinal, 1.5; Hairy Woodpecker,1; Downy early Junecaused nest destructionand delay PHYTIC WOODLAND RAVINE. -- Loca- Woodpecker, 1; Carolina Chickadee, I, of somefirst broods.Coverage: May 28; June tion: Tennessee;Jackson Co., N end of Wash Carolina Wren, 1; Yellow-throated Vireo, 1, 6, 23, Aug. 30. Total man-hours: 20. Census: Morgan Hollow, about 1 2/3 mi N of Dodson Black-and-white Warbler, I; Com. Yellow- Red-eyed Vireo, 8 (56, 23); Acadian Fly- Branch; 36ø20'N, 85ø32'W, Dodson Branch throat, 1; Red-bellied Woodpecker, 0.5, catcher, 6 (42, 17); Wood Thrush, 6; Am. Quadrangle, USGS. Continuity: New. Size: Tufted Titmouse, 0.5; Ovenbird, 0.5; Sum- Robin, 5 (35, 14); Scarlet Tanager, 5; E. 7.9 ha = 19.51 acres (rectangular, 1700 x mer Tanager,0.5; PileatedWoodpecker, +, Wood Pewee, 4 (28, 11); Cerulean Warbler, 500 ft. measuredwith steeltape). Description Brown-headed Cowbird, +. Total: 28 4, House Wren, 3 (21, 9); Gray Catbird, 3; of Plot: A "hollow" covered with mixed hard- species; 69.5 territorial males or females Cardinal, 3; Red-bellied Woodpecker, 2; woods, plus a few Red Cedars (Juniperus (880/km 2, 356/100 acres). Remarks: Nests Downy Woodpecker, 2; Great Crested Fly- virginiana) in the N half; disturbed about seen: hummingbird,1; Red-eyedVireo 1. A catcher, 2; Tufted Titmouse, 2; White- 1975by loggingwhich affected about 12% of flood on June 7 did considerabledamage to breasted Nuthatch, 2; Yellow-throated the plot. The largestopening is about V2acre. the bottomland; a new channel about 50 ft Vireo, 2; Ovenbird, 2; Kentucky Warbler, 2; A few loggingroads run through the plot. A long was eroded locally. Logs were swept Mourmng Dove, 1; Yellow-billed Cuckoo, 1; stream about 2-4 m wide runs N near the downstream;most low vegetationin the path Ruby-throated Hummingbird, 1; Pileated centerline; its flow is permanent in the S half, of the flood was flattened. The Com. Yellow- Woodpecker, 1; Hairy Woodpecker, 1; E. temporary in the N half. The fiatfishbottom- throat was not found after this event; it was Phoebe, 1; Blue Jay, 1; Carolina Chickadee, land is about 15-20 m wide. The dominant registeredat the largest opening. This shel- 1, Blue-gray Gnatcatcher, 1; Cedar Wax- canopy trees are Sugar Maple (Acer sac- tered hollow did not suffer noticeablyfrom wing, 1, Warbling Vireo, 1; Louisiana Water- charurn), ShagbarkHickory (Carya ovata), last year's drought. The rich soil, presum- thrush, 1; N. Oriole, 1; Brown-headed Cow- White Ash (Fraxinus americana), Yellow ably high in phosphate, should affect the bird, I, Rose-breastedGrosbeak, 1; Indigo Buckeye(Aesculus octandra), Beech(Fagus density of the bird population, which is con- Bunting, 1; Am. Goldfinch, 1; ChippingSpar- grandifolia) and Chinquapin Oak (Quercus siderably greater than that of Census 105 row, 1, Song Sparrow, 1. Total: 37 species; muehlenbergii).Saplings include many Box- Thanks to Amy Johnson.--RICHARD W 82 pairs (579 km2, 234/100 acres). Remarks: elders (Acer negundo) in the openings, as SIMMERS, JR., Box 170, Rt 6, Cookeville, Approximate average density and slightly well as mostof the canopyspecies. Vines are TN 38501. higher species richness characterize this numerous; wild grape (Vitis sp.), Virginia year's census. Ten nests were located, a Creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia), much lower number than might be expected Crossvine (Anisostichus capreolata), and 105. MIXED-MESOPHYTIC WOODS, from the field-hours devoted. Cowbird activ- PoisonIvy (Rhus radicans) are all frequent. FIELDS, AND BRUSH. -- Location:Tennes- ity was low and other factors seemed to be The most abundant shrubs are Wild Hyd- see;Putnam Co., about 5 mi WNW of Mon- normal --A.H. CLAUGUS, 228 S. Lake St, rangea(Hydrangea arborescens),Spicebush terey, in BarnesHollow to NW of Lee Knob, Carey, 0H43316. (Lindera benzoin), Pawpaw (Asimina 36ø9'45"N,85ø22'W, Monterey Quadrangle, triloba) and Bladdernut(Staphylea trifolia). USGS. Continuity: Established1977; 5 con- Cane (Arundinaria gigantea) thickets cover secutive years. Size: 30 ha = 74 acres. De- 103. DECIDUOUS CLEARCUT. -- Loca- about 5% of the plot. The lush groundcover scriptionof Plot: SeeAB 32:80 (1978)and 33 tion: Tennessee; Washington Co., Horse is very rich in species.Trees 3 in. dbh and 79 (1979). Changes:Last year's droughtap- Cove Gap, about 4.5 mi S of JohnsonCity; over, based on ten 0.1 acre circular sample parentlycaused the deathor diebackof a fair 36ø14'N, 82ø22'W, Erwin Quadrangle, plots, 253/acre; total basalarea 75.2 ft 2/acre. number (perhaps0.5%) of trees, especially USGS Continuity:Established 1975; 7 con- Species comprising93% of the total number Hornbeams (Carpinus); many blackberry secutlve years. Size: 20.23 ha = 50 acres. of trees: Sugar Maple, 40, 16, 17, 80; dead (Rubus spp.) patches were badly injured Descriptionof Plot: SeeAB 29:1117-8 (1975). trees, 29, 11, 7, 90; Shagbark Hickory, 24, 9, also. Tick Trefoils (Destoodium spp.), Bush Weather: Fairly wet during census. Cover- 15, 60; White Ash, 20, 8, 8, 80; elms (mostly Clovers (Lespedeza spp.) and Winged age: May 30; June 4-6, 8, 11, 13-14, 27; 0545- Ulmus americana & U. rubra), 19, 8, 5, 90; Sumac(Rhus copallina)have markedlyin- 1200 Total man-hours: 24. Census: Rufous- Yellow Buckeye, 18, 7, 7, 70; Black Maple creased since 1977. Continued growth and sided Towhee, 27 (133, 54); Hooded (Acer nigrum), 15, 6, 3, 60; ChinquapinOak, succession in much of the field and brush Warbler, 14 (69, 28); Yellow-breasted Chat, 12, 5, 7, 50; Beech, 11, 4, 7, 50; Hornbeam areas has occurred. Weather: No late killing 11(54, 22); Ruby-throated Hummingbird, 5 (Carpinus caroliniana), 10, 4, 2, 20; Ailan- frosts; dry at times but no real droughtthis (25, 10), White-eyed Vireo, 5; Cardinal, 5; thus altissima, 8, 3, 2, 20; Bitternut Hickory year. Heavy rainsin early Junecaused minor Red-eyed Vireo, 4 (20, 8); Swainson's War- (Carya cordiformis), 7, 3, 2, 50; Tulip-tree flooding.Temperatures during trips 37ø-93øF bler, 4, Kentucky Warbler, 3 (15, 6); Indigo (Liriodendron tulipifera), 5, 2, 4, 30; Hop (3-34øC).Coverage: Apr. 12, 18-19, 22, 27, Bunting, 3; Carolina Wren, 2; Black-and- Hornbeam (Ostrya virginiana), 5, 2, 1, 20; May 1,3, 6, 13, 21-22, 24, 29; June4-5, 14, 17, white Warbler, 2; Am. Goldfinch, 2; Carolina Shumard Oak (Q. shumardii), 4, 2, 4, 40; 21, 28; 0446-1150.Total man-hours:45. Cen- Chickadee, 1; Blue-gray Gnatcatcher, 1; White Basswood(Tilia heterophylla),4, 2, 1, sus:Red-eyed Vireo, 17.5(58, 24); Blue-gray Worm-eating Warbler, 1; Brown-headed 40; Red Mulberry (Morus rubra), 4, 2, 1, 40. Gnatcatcher,7.5 (25, 10); Field Sparrow, 6 5 Cowbird, 1; Whip-poor-will, +; Yellow- Trees by diameter size class: A (3-6 in.) 141, (22, 9); Prairie Warbler, 6 (20, 8); Indigo billed Cuckoo, +; Plicated Woodpecker, +; 56, 14.1, 19; B (6-9 in.) 61, 24, 18.3, 24; C (9- Bunting,6; Yellow-breastedChat, 5 (17, 7), Black-throated Green Warbler, +. Total: 21 15in.) 49, 19, 39.2 52; D (15-21in.) 2, 1,3.6, 5. Kentucky Warbler, 4.5 (15, 6); Cardinal,4 species, 91 territorial males or females Ground cover about 70% (summer); canopy (13, 5); White-eyedVireo, 3.5 (12, 5); Oven- (450/km 2, 182/100 acres). Remarks: Nest cover about 75%; canopy height about 50-70 bird, 2.5; CarolinaChickadee, 2; TuftedTit-

78 AmericanBirds, January1982 mouse, 2, Black-and-white Warbler, 2, and September cool and dry so that it ended h•gh,66øF Coverage:May 18-19,June 11-12, Worm-eating Warbler, 2; Com. Yellow- with about normal temp. for the year but a 15-16, 24; 0630-1140, C DT. Total man-hours throat, 2; Scarlet Tanager, 2; Yellow-billed deficiencyof 10.65in. for the year. Coverage: 3. Census:Bobolink, 1.5; Red-wingedBlack- Cuckoo, 1.5; Whip-poor-will, 1.5; Hooded May 21 to Aug. 12; 0800-1800. Total man- bird, 1.5; E. Kingbird, 1; W. Meadowlark, 1, Warbler, 1.5; Rufous-sided Towbee, 1.5; hours: 36.5. Census:1981: Starling, 16 (107, Brown-headed Cowbird, 0.5 (female), Mal- Ruby-throated Hummingbird, 1; Downy 43); House Sparrow, 15 (100, 41); Cardinal, lard, +; Gadwall, +; Blue-wingedTeal, +, Woodpecker, 1; E. Phoebe, 1; Acadian Fly- 10 (67, 27); Blue Jay, 9 (60, 24); Mockingbird, Upland Sandpiper, +; Black Tern, + Total: catcher, 1; Wood Thrush, 1; Yellow-throated 9; Rufous-sidedTowhee, 9; Am. Robin, 6 10 species;5.5 territorial males or females %reo, 1; Brown-headed Cowbird, 1; Sum- (40, 16); Mourning Dove, 4 (27, 11); E. Wood (113/km:, 46/100 acres). Visitors: Am B•t- mer Tanager, 1; Am. Goldfinch, 1; Broad- Pewee, 1; Com. Grackle, 1; Brown-headed tern, Com. Snipe, Willet, Barn Swallow, winged Hawk, 0.5; Screech Owl, 0.5; Cowbird, 1; Rock Dove, +; Com. Flicker, Yellow-headed Blackbird, Com. Grackle Pdeated Woodpecker, 0.5; Hairy Wood- +; Red-bellied Woodpecker, +; Red- Remarks: One E. Kingbird nest was found -- pecker, 0.5; White-breastedNuthatch, 0.5; headed Woodpecker, +; Downy Wood- DOUGLAS H. JOHNSON, CRAIG A Carolina Wren, 0.5; Mourning Dove, +; E. pecker, +; Chimney Swift, +; Great FAANES, and JONA THAN M. ANDREW, Wood Pewee, +; E. Bluebird, +. Total: 38 Crested Flycatcher, +; Purple Martin, +; Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, species; 93 territorial males or females Carolina Chickadee, +; Tufted Titmouse, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Jamestown, (311/km2, 126/100 acres). Visitors: Turkey +; Carolina Wren, +; Brown Thrasher, +; ND 58401. Vulture, Chimney Swift, Barn Swallow, Pur- Wood Thrush, +; N. Parula, +; E. ple Martin, Com. Crow, Gray Catbird, Meadowlark, +; Red-winged Blackbird, +. Golden-winged Warbler, Am. Redstart, Total: 27 species; 81 terTitorial males 109. MIXED PRAIRIE I. -- Location: Chipping Sparrow, Song Sparrow. Remarks: (541/km 2, 219/100 acres). Remarks: This North Dakota; StutsmanCo., NE quarter of Nests or nest-holesfound: phoebe, 1; chick- tract is censused throughout the year; in Sec. ll, T142N, R68W; 47ø8'N, 99ø15'W, adee, 1. Increasesfor several species(nota- 1980, 20 of 26 breeding specieswere present bly gnatcatcher, Kentucky Warbler, Oven- all year, in 1981 it was 21 of 27 breeding WoodworthQuadrangle, USGS. Cont•nmty: Established1972; 10 consecutive years Size: bird, and Field Sparrow) are roughly species.--THOMAS A. 1MHOF, 1036 Pike 10 ha = 24.7 acres. Descriptionof Plot: See balanced by decreasesfor other species(no- Rd, Birmingham, AL 35218. AB 26.' 972 (1972). Most wetlands were tably Acadian Flycatcher, Wood Thrush, nearly dry throughout the period. Weather: White-eyed Vireo, Yellow-throated Vireo, 107. TALL GRASS PRAIRIE. -- Location: See Census 108. Coverage:May 18-19, June Com. Yellowthroat, and towbee). Two pairs Illinois, McLean Co., 6 mi S Gridley; T25N, 6, ll, 15-16, 23-24; 0605-1105, CDT Total of Broad-winged Hawks had territories R2E, SE 1/4, NW 1/4, Sec 5, 40ø40'N, man-hours:9.7. Census:Clay-colored Spar- (counted as 1/3 each) partially within the 88ø54'W,Normal Quadrangle,USGS. Con- row, 6.5 (65, 26); Willow Flycatcher, 2 5, plot, vs. 1 pair last year. A pair of Chipping tinuity: Established 1976; 6 consecutive Corn. Yellowthroat, 2.5; Red-wingedBlack- Sparrows was seen (male singing) late in years. Size: 12.1ha = 30 acres.Description of March near the house; subsequentlya male Plot: See AB 31:88-89 (1977). The site was bord, 2.5; W. Meadowlark, 1.5; Gadwall, 1, E. Kingbird, 1; Yellow Warbler, 1; Bobohnk, Chipping Sparrowwas heard May 1 near the originallydescribed as foragegrass meadow, 1; Brown-headedCowbird, 1 (female), Mal- NW coruer. The resident and rather tame but has been planted to native prairie. An- F•eld Sparrows have so far excluded the nual forbs, however, still constitute an ap- lard, 0.5; Savannah Sparrow, 0.5; Blue- winged Teal, +; Sharp-tailed Grouse, +, "chippy" from breeding here.--RICHARD preciable amount of the cover. Coverage: Com. Snipe, +; Gray Catbird, +, Am W SIMMERS, JR., Box 170, Rt 6, Cooke- June 2-3, 18, 21, 23. Total man-hours: 10. Goldfinch, +. Total: 17 species;21.5 territo- vtlle, TN 38501. Census:Red-winged Blackbird, 20 (165, 67); Dickcissel, 8 (66, 26); Com. Yellowthroat, 2; rial males or females (215/km •, 87/100 106. SUBURBAN CEMETERY. -- Loca- E. Meadowlark, 2; Ring-necked Pheasant, acres). Visitors: N. Shoveler, Marsh Hawk, tion: Alabama, JeffersonCo., Birmingham, +; E. Kingbird, +; Barn Swallow, +; Com. Sofa, Killdeer, UplandSandpiper, Moarmng Dove, Long-cared Owl, Com. Nighthawk, OaklandCemetery, immediatelyNE of inter- Grackle, +; Indigo Bunting, +. Total: 9 W. Kingbird, Horned Lark, Barn Swallow, section of Pike and Warrior Rds in Ensley species; 32 territorial males (264/km 2, Brown Thrasher, Cedar Waxwing, Yellow- section; 33ø29'N, 86ø54'W, Bessemer Quad- 107/100 acres). Remarks: The Dickcissel rangle, USGS. Continuity:Established 1978; population was the highestever (6, l, 3, 6, 3, headedBlackbird, Com. Grackle, Grasshop- per Sparrow, SongSparrow. Remarks:Nests 4 consecutiveyears. Size: 15 ha = 37 acres. in past years), probably in responseto the found: Gadwall, 2; Clay-colored Sparrow, Descriptionof Plot: See AB 34:18-19 (1980). present weedy nature of the prairie. Red- 1.--DOUGLAS H. JOHNSON, CRAIG A 1980: Weather: As of May 31, deficiency in wingedBlackbirds were nearly the sameas in FAANES, and JONATHAN M. ANDREW, mean temp. was 204øF and excess precip. years past (25 females, this year). Short- Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, was 16.07in. aidedby a recordMarch precip. billed Marsh Wrens have appearedin only 1 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Jamestown, of 15.88 in. The hot, dry summer swung the of 6 years, and no Savannahor Grasshopper ND 58401. pendulumin the oppositedirection so that by sparrows have been recorded. A small September30 our annualexcess in temp. was Bobolink population resided until the 212øF and the excessin precip. was reduced meadow was removed. DALE E. B1R- to 12.18 in. Coverage:May 21 to Aug. 12; KENHOLZ, Dept. of Biological Sciences, 110. MIXED PRAIRIE II. -- Location: 0800-1800. Total man-hours: 36.5. Census: Ill. State Univ., Normal, 1L 61761. North Dakota; Stutsman Co., SW quarter of 1980: Starling, 17 (114, 46); Am. Robin, 16 Sec. 1, T142N, R68W, 47ø8'N, 99ø15'W, (107, 43); Blue Jay, 12 (80, 32); Mockingbird, 108. KENTUCKY BLUE GRASS Goldwin Quadrangle, USGS. Continuity: Es- 9 (60, 24); House Sparrow, 9; Cardinal, 9; PRAIRIE. -- Location: North Dakota; Stuts- tablished 1972; 10 consecutive years Rufous-sided Towbee, 8 (53, 22); Corn. man Co., NE quarter of Sect. 12, T142N, Size:6.1ha = 15.06acres.Descriptionof Plot: Grackle, 4 (27, 11); MourningDove, 2; Chim- R68W, 47ø8'N, 99ø14'W, Goldwin Quad- See AB 26:972-973 (1972) and 32:81-82 ney Swift, 1; Carolina Wren, l; Wood rangle, USGS. Continuity: Established 1972; (1978). This plot was burned in fall 1971, Thrush, 1; Brown-headed Cowbird, 1; Am. 10 consecutive years. Size: 4.86 ha = 12 spring 1976, and spring 1979. Weather: See Woodcock, +; Rock Dove, +; Corn. acres. Description of Plot: See AB 26:972 Census108. Coverage:May 19; June 11-12, Fhcker, +; Red-bellied Woodpecker, +; (1972). Last subjectedto a prescribedburn in 15-16,24; 0605-1110,CDT. Total man-hours Red-headedWoodpecker, +; Downy Wood- spring,1977. Weather: The precedingfall and 3.3 Census: Red-winged Blackbird, 1 5, pecker, +; Great Crested Flycatcher, +; winter were relatively dry, and the dry spring Blue-wingedTeal, 1; W. Kingbird,0.5, Com Purple Martin, +; Carolina Chickadee, +; caused wetlands on the Woodworth Station Yellowthroat, 0.5; Bobolink, 0.5, W Tufted Titmouse, +; Brown Thrasher, +; to be in poor condition. Precipitationdid not Meadowlark, 0.5; Brown-headed Cowbird, N Parula, +; Red-winged Blackbird, +. come until May 24; totals for May and June 0.5 (female); Killdeer, +; Com. Snipe, +, Total: 26 species; 90 territorial males were somewhat below normal, 1.35 and 3.5 Upland Sandpiper, +; Marbled Godw•t, +, (601/km 2, 243/ 100 acres). 1981: Weather: A in., respectively. Temperatures in May were Clay-coloredSparrow +. Total: 12 species,5 very dry and warm spring allowed greater below normal, with averageextremes of 39ø territorial males or females (82/km:, 33/100 than normalpollination and a bumpercrop of and 59øF.June temperatures were well below acres). Visitors: Mallard, Gadwall, E. King- fruits and nuts. Summer was dry and warm normal; the mean low was 48ø , the mean bird, Barn Swallow, Cliff Swallow, Com

Volume 36, Number 1 79 Grackle, Grasshopper Sparrow--DOUG- acres) Visitors: N Shoveler, Marsh Hawk, 50614, and DAVID E SEIBEL, Museum of LAS H. JOHNSON, CRAIG A. FAANES Black Tern, W. Kingbird, Bank Swallow, Natural History, Univ. Kansas, Lawrence, and JONATHAN M. ANDREW, Northern Barn Swallow, Brown Thrasher, Log- KS 66045. Pratrte Wildlife Research Center, U.S. Fish gerhead Shrike, Yellow Warbler, Yellow- and WildlifeService, Jamestown, ND 58401. headed Blackbird, Red-winged Blackbird, 116. IMPROVED PASTURE AND OAK- Corn. Grackle, Am. Goldfinch,Baird's Spar- PINE FOREST. -- Location: Oklahoma, 111. MIXED PRAIRIE III. -- Location: row. Remarks: Nests found: E. Kingbird, 1; Delaware Co., 3.5 mi S of Jay; 36ø22'N, North Dakota; Stutsman Co., NW quarter of Grasshopper Sparrow, 2.•DOUGLAS H. 94ø48'W. Jay Quadrangle, USGS. Con- SW quarter of Sec. 6, T142N, R67N, 47ø9'N, JOHNSON, CRAIG A. FAANES, and tinuity: Established 1979; 3 consecutive 99ø14'W, Golden Quadrangle, USGS. Con- JONATHAN M. ANDREW, Northern years.Size: 9.11 ha = 22.5 acres.Description tinuity: Established 1972; l0 consecutive Prairie Wildlife Research Center, U.S. Fish of Plot: SeeAB 34:70-71(1980). Weather:See years Size: 6.1 ha = 15.06 acres. Description and Wildlife Service, Jamestown, ND 58401. of Plot: See AB 26:973 (1972) and 33:80 Census 146. Coverage:May 6, 11, 18, 28, June 5, 8, 19, 27, 29; July 6, 27; 0520-1015 (1979) Weather: See Census 108. Coverage: 114. MIXED PPAIRIE VIII. -- Location: Total man-hours:26.5. Census:Indigo Bunt- May 19;June 11-12, 15-16,22, 24; 0525-1ll0, North Dakota; StutsmanCo., NW quarterof CDT Total man-hours: 4.3. Census: Grass- ing, 7 (77, 31); Yellow-billed Cuckoo, 5 (55, Sec. 1, T142N, R68W, 47ø9'N, 99ø14'W, 22); Tufted Titmouse, 5; Field Sparrow, 4 5 hopperSparrow, 2; W. Meadowlark, 1; Clay- Goldwin Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity:Es- colored Sparrow, 1; Brown-headed Cow- (49, 20); Downy Woodpecker, 3 (33, 13), tablished 1973;6 intermittent years. Size: 8.7 Great Crested Flycatcher, 3; Carolina Chick- bird, 0.5 (female); Upland Sandpiper, +; W. ha = 21.5 acres. Descriptionof Plot: SeeAB adee, 3; White-breasted Nuthatch, 3; Blue- Kingbird, +; Red-wingedBlackbird, +. To- 27:990 (1973) and 32:82 (1978). Seven sea- gray Gnatcatcher, 3; Brown-headed Cow- tal: 7 species;4.5 territorial males or females sonalwetlands partially or entirely within the bird, 3; Cardinal, 3; Blue Grosbeak, 3, (74/kin 2, 30/100 acres). Visitors: Am. Bit- plot contained little water during the period. Chipping Sparrow, 3; E. Meadowlark, 2 5, tern, Mallard, Sharp-tailed Grouse, Willet, Weather:See Census 108. Coverage: May 19; Corn Nighthawk, E. Kingbird, Corn. Yel- Hairy Woodpecker, 2; E. Wood Pewee, 2, June 12, 15-16, 22; 0555-1050, CDT. Total Blue Jay, 2; E. Bluebird, 2; Starling,2; Red- lowthroat, Am. Goldfinch, Baird's Sparrow. man-hours: 4.2. Census:Red-winged Black- Remarks: Nest found: W. Meadowlark.- eyed Vireo, 1.5; Prairie Warbler, 1.5; Sum- bird, 1.5; W. Meadowlark, 1; Savannah DOUGLAS H. JOHNSON, CRAIG A mer Tanager, 1.5; Red-belliedWoodpecker, Sparrow, 1; GrasshopperSparrow, 1; Mal- 1; E. Kingbird, 1; Scissor-tailedFlycatcher, FAANES and JONATHAN M. ANDREW, lard, 0.5; E. Kingbird, 0.5; Brown-headed 1; Black-and-white Warbler, l; Am. Gold- Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Cowbird, 0.5 (female); Blue-wingedTeal, +; finch, 1. Total: 27 species; 70.5 territorial U S Fish and Wildlife Service, Jamestown, Sharp-tailed Grouse, +; Sofa, +; Upland ND 58401. males (774/km2; 313/100 acres. Visitors: Sandpiper, q-; Bobolink, q-; Corn. Yellow- Mourning Dove, Pileated Woodpecker, Pur- throat, +. Total: 13 species; 6 territorial ple Martin, Am. Robin, Pine Warbler. Re- males or females (69/km 2, 28/100 acres). 112. MIXED PRAIRIE IV. -- Location: marks: First known nesting of Scissor-tailed Visitors: Gadwall, Pintail, Killdeer, Mourn- North Dakota; Stutsman Co., SE quarter of Flycatcher in small pastures typical of ing Dove, Short-eared Owl, W. Kingbird, area.--FREDERICK M. BA UMGARTNER, Sec 11, T142N, R68W; 47ø8'N, 99ø15'W, Horned Lark, Barn Swallow, Yellow-headed Woodworth Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity: ROGER S. LAWSON, LORI A. LANG- Blackbird, Corn. Grackle, Clay-colored STON, MAR YANNE B. PITTS, Little Lewts Established 1972; 10 consecutiveyears. Size: Sparrow, Chestnut-collared Longspur.- 6 1 ha = 15.06acres. Descriptionof Plot: See Whirlwind Nature School and Sanctuary, DOUGLAS H. JOHNSON, CRAIG A. Rte. 2, Jay, OK 74346. AB 26:973-974 (1972). This plot was last FAANES, and JONATHAN M. ANDREW, burned in spring 1979. All wetlands con- Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, tinned little water. Weather: See Census 108. 117. MIXED HABITAT-DISTURBED U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service,Jamestown, Coverage:May 18-19; June 11, 15, 22, 24, ND 58401. BOTTOMLAND. -- Location: Oklahoma, 0710-1100 CDT. Total man-hours: 4.5. Cen- WashingtonCo., Dewey, 2 mi W of intersec- sus: Bobolink, 1.5; W. Meadowlark, 1.5; tion of Ninth St and Hwy 75 and 0.3 mi N on GrasshopperSparrow, 1; Clay-coloredSpar- 115. FLOODPLAIN TALLGRASS E bank of Caney River; 36ø48'N, 95ø58'W, row, 1; Red-wingedBlackbird, 0.5; Brown- PRAIRIE. -- Location: Kansas; Douglas Tulsa Quadrangle, USGS. Continnity:Es- headedCowbird, 0.5 (female); Blue-winged Co., portion of Baker Wetlands Research tablished 1972; 10 consecutiveyears. Size: Teal, +; Upland Sandpiper, +; Horned Area (Baker Univ., Baldwin). It occupies 40.47ha = 100acres. Description of Plot: See Lark +; Corn. Yellowthroat, +. Total: 10 much of the NW quarter of the SW quarter of AB 26:976-977(1972). Weather:Mild. Cover- species; 6 territorial males or females Sec. 18, T13N, R20E; 38ø55'N, 95ø14'W, age:Apr. 11,21,28; May 5, 11,20, 25; June 1, (98/km 2, 40/100 acres). Visitors: Gadwall, Lawrence E Quadrangle,USGS. Continnity: 8, 17, 29; 0630-1140, CDT. Total man-hours Gray Partridge, Willet, Marbled Godwit, E. Established 1974; 8 continuousyears. Size: 37. Census: Blue-gray Gnatcatcher, 23 (57, Kingbird,W. Kingbird,Barn Swallow,Com. 10.1 ha = 25 acres. Descriptionof Plot: See 23); Indigo Bunting, 14 (35, 14); Cardinal, 10 Grackle.---DOUGLAS H. JOHNSON, AB 28:1031-1032 (1974). Weather: For June, (25, 10); Red-winged Blackbird, 7 (17, 7), CRAIG A. FAANES and JONATHAN M. mean high 29.3 C, mean low 19.4 C; total Yellow-breasted Chat, 6 (15, 6); Yellow- ANDREW, Northern Prairie Wildlife Re- precipitation25.1 cm. Coverage:June 9, 11- billed Cuckoo, 5 (12, 5); Com. Yellowthroat, search Center, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Ser- 12; July 5; startingat 0700 for 2 trips and at 5; Brown-headed Cowbird, 5; Field Spar- vtce, Jamestown, ND 58401. 1900 for 2. Total man-hours: 5. Census: Dick- row, 5; Ruby-throated Hummingbird,4 (10, cissel, 14 (138, 56); Red-wingedBlackbird, 8 4); Red-bellied Woodpecker, 3.5 (9, 4), 113. MIXED PRAIRIE V. -- Location: (79, 32); Com. Yellowthroat, 6 (59, 24); E. Carolina Chickadee, 3.5; E. Wood Pewee, 3 North Dakota; Stutsman Co., SE quarter of Meadowlark, 2; Bobwhite, +. Total: 5 (7, 3); Red-eyed Vireo, 3; Dickcissel, 3; Am Sec 12, T142N, R68W; 47ø8'N, 99ø14'W, species; 30 territorial males (297/km 2, Goldfinch, 3; Downy Woodpecker, 2 5, Goldwin Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity:Es- 120/ 100 acres). Remarks: Visitors and aerial Great Crested Flycatcher, 2.5; Red-headed tabhshed 1972; 10 consecutive years. Size: foragersincluded: Turkey Vulture, Killdeer, Woodpecker, 2; Blue Jay, 2; Tufted T•t- 6 1 ha ø 15.06 acres. Descriptionof Plot: See Mourning Dove, Yellow-billed Cuckoo, mouse, 2; White-breasted Nuthatch, 2, AB 26:974 (1972) and 32:82 (1978). Weather: Chimney Swift, E. Kingbird, Barn Swallow, Brown Thrasher, 2; E. Bluebird, 2; E. King- See Census108. Coverage:May 18-19;June PurpleMartin, Am. Robin, Starling,Orchard bird, l; E. Phoebe, 1; AcadianFlycatcher, 1, 6, 11-12, 15, 22, 24; 0630-1200, CDT. Total Oriole, Corn. Grackle, Indigo Bunting, Am. Warbling Vireo, 1; ProthonotaryWarbler, 1, man-hours: 5.8. Census:Grasshopper Spar- Goldfinch. One Red-winged Blackbird nest N. Parula, 1; Kentucky Warbler, 1; E row, 3 (49, 20); Bobolink, 2; E. Kingbird, 1; found. Heights of vegetation:75 cm on June Meadowlark, 1; Orchard Oriole, 1; Corn Brown-headed Cowbird, 1 (female); Upland 9, 160 cm on July 5. Tornado touched down Grackle, 1; Blue Grosbeak, 1; Barred Owl, Sandpiper, 0.5; W. Meadowlark, 0.5; Clay- June 19 within 200 m of plot but no wind 0.5; Starling 0.5; Belted Kingfisher, +, colored Sparrow, 0.5; Killdeer, +; Willet, damage noted. Thanks to Ivan Boyd for per- PileatedWoodpecker, +; Scissor-tailedFly- +, Horned Lark, +; Chestnut-collared mission to study the area. Mark Blair aided catcher, +; Rough-winged Swallow. +, Longspur, +. Total: 11 species;8.5 territo- census. PETER E. LO WTHER, Dept. Biol- Lark Sparrow, +. Total: 42 species; 132 rial males or females (139/km 2, 56/100 ogy, Univ. Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, IA territorial males (326/km 2, 132/100 acres)

80 American Birds, January 1982 Visitors: Green Heron, Red-tmled Hawk, ment Station, the Graduate School of the Am Goldfinch, Vesper Sparrow Remarks: Red-shouldered Hawk, Bobwhite, Am. Univ. of Minn. the Nat'l Rifle Asociation of Both the total number of speciesand the total Woodcock, Mourning Dove, Hairy Wood- America, the Max McGraw Wildlife Founda- number of territorial males increased from 6 pecker, Com. Crow, Am. Robin, N. Oriole, tion, and the Frank M. Chapman Memorial in 1980. Nests located: Mourning Dove, 2, Summer Tanager, Black-and-white Warbler. Fund.---RICHARD H. YAHNER, Schoolof Black-cappedChickadee, 1; House Wren, 4, Remarks: Springrains failed to renew the wet Forest Resources, Penn. State Univ., Un- Am. Robin, 1; Song Sparrow, 1. areas after a 9-month drought and Red- iversity Park, PA 16802. winged females were few. An Am. Wood- 122. MATURE (1951) THREE-ROW cock, a new species,was flushedon May 20. 119. IMMATURE (1974) THREE-ROW BELT. -- Location: Minnesota; Dakota Co , The PaintingBunting was absentfor the first BELT. -- Location: Minnesota; Dakota Co., Univ. Of Minn. Rosemount Agricultural Ex- t•me.--ELLA DELAP, 409 N. Wyandotte, Univ. of Minn. RosemountAgricultural Ex- perimentSta., Forestry Section, 1.5 m• S of Dewey, OK 74029. perimentSta., Swine SheepSection, 0.4 mi S County Rd 42; 44ø43'N, 93ø06'W, Coates of County Rd 42; 44ø44'N, 93ø05'W, Coates Quadrangle, USGS. Size: 0.32 ha = 0 80 118. OAK-PINE RAVINE FOREST WITH Quadrangle, USGS. Size: 0.21 ha = 0.515 acres. Description of Plot: See AB 34 72 CLEARINGS. --Location: Oklahoma; Dela- acres. Description of Plot: See AB 34:73 (1980). Coverage:Total man-hours:6 2 Cen- ware Co., 4 mi S of Jay; 36ø22'N, 94ø48'W, (1980). Coverage:Total man-hours:4.3. Cen- sus:Com. Grackle, 2; Chipping Sparrow, 2, Lake Eucha E Quadrangle, USGS. Con- sus: Com. Grackle, 2; Red-winged Black- Mourning Dove, 1. Total: 3 species;5 temto- tinuity: Established 1979; 3 consecutive- bird, 2; ChippingSparrow, 1.5; Am. Robin, hal males (1544/km •, 625/100 acres) years. Size:7.4 ha = 18.3 acres. Description 1. Total: 4 species; 6.5 territorial males Visitors:Ruby-throated Hummingbird, Barn of Plot: See AB 34:71 (1979). Weather: See (3119/km2, 1262/100 acres). Visitors: Barn Swallow, Com. Crow, Gray Catbird, Brown Census 146. Coverage:May 5, 10, 14, 20; Swallow, Starling, House Sparrow, Thrasher, Am. Robin, Com. Yellowthroat, June 1, 11,20; July 2, 8, 29; 0510-1000, 1425- Bobolink, W. Meadowlark, SavannahSpar- N. Oriole, Brown-headed Cowbird, Indigo 1630. Total man-hours: 24. Census: Yellow- row, Clay-coloredSparrow. Remarks:Nests Bunting, Am. Goldfinch, SongSparrow Re- billed Cuckoo, 5 (68, 27); Carolina Chick- located: Am. Robin, 2; Com. Grackle, 2. marks: Nest located: Mourning Dove, 1 adee, 4.5 (61, 25); Tufted Titmouse, 4.5; N. Parula, 4 (54, 22); Cardinal, 4; Indigo Bunt- 123. MATURE (1949) EIGHT-ROW 120. IMMATURE (1966) FOUR-ROW BELT. --Location: Minnesota; Dakota Co , •ng, 4; White-breasted Nuthatch, 3.5 (47.19); BELT. -- Location: Minnesota: Dakota Co., Red-bellied Woodpecker, 3 (41, 16); Downy Univ. of Minn. Rosemount Agricultural Ex- Univ. of Minn. Rosemount Agricultural Ex- periment Sta., Sewage Section, 3.7 m• S of Woodpecker, 3; Blue-gray Gnatcatcher, 3; periment Sta., Plant PathologySection, 2.6 Kentucky Warbler, 3; Ruby-throated Hum- County Rd 42; 44ø41'N, 93ø05'W, Coates mi S of County Rd 42: 44ø41'N, 93ø06'W, Quadrangle, USGS. Size: 0.37 ha = 0 92 mingbird, 2; Great Crested Flycatcher, 2; CoatesQuadrangle, USGS. Size:0.298 ha = Blue Jay, 2; White-eyedVireo, 2; Red-eyed acres. Description of Plot: See AB 34 72 0.736 acres.Description of Plot: SeeAB 34:72 (1980). Coverage: Total man-hours 10 9 Vireo, 2; Black-and-white Warbler, 2; (1980). As a consequenceof destructionby a Brown-headed Cowbird, 2; Chuck-will's- Censns:Com. Grackle, 5 (1343, 543); Mourn- summer 1980 storm, the density of the fol- ing Dove, 3 (806, 326); House Wren, 3, Am widow, 1; Whip-poor-will, 1; Com. Crow, 1; lowing trees was decreased from that in Summer Tanager, 1. Total: 22 species;59.5 Robin, 2; Com. Flicker, 1; Gray Catbird, 1, spring 1980: Row 1, Laurel-leaved Willow Warbling Vireo, 1; N. Oriole, 1; Ch•pp•ng territorial males (803/km 2, 325/100 acres). (Salix pentandra), from 13/acre to 4/acre; Visitors: Pileated Woodpecker, E. Wood Sparrow, 1; Brown Thrasher,0.5; Com Yel- rows 2 and 3, RussianOlive (Elaeagnusan- lowthroat, 0.5; Red-winged Blackbird, 0 5 Pewee, Louisiana Waterthrush, Am. Gold- gustifolia), from 36/acre to 33/acre. Cover- finch. Remarks:The overall breedingpopula- Total: 12 species; 19.5 territorial males age: Total man-hours: 9.2 Census: Com. (5237/km2, 2120/100 acres). Visitors:Sharp- tion showed a small decline from 1980.- Grackle, 6 (2014, 815); Mourning Dove, 2; FREDERICK M. BA UMGARTNER, shinned Hawk, Ring-necked Pheasant, E Chipping Sparrow, 2; Brown Thrasher, 1; Kingbird, Least Flycatcher, E. Wood ROGER S. LAWSON, LOR1 A. LANG- Am. Robin, 1; Song Sparrow, 1. Total: 6 STON, MAR YANNE B. PITTS, Little Lewis Pewee, Blue Jay, Black-capped Chickadee, species; 13 territorial males (4365/km•, Cedar Waxwing, Starling, House Sparrow, Whirlwind Nature School and Sanctuary, 1766/100 acres). Visitors: Ring-necked Rte. 2, Jay, OK 74346. Brown-headed Cowbird, Am. Goldfinch, Pheasant, Com. Flicker, Barn Swallow, Blue Song Sparrow. Remarks: The total number Jay, Com. Crow, Gray Catbird, Starling, of species increased from 7 in 1979 and 9 •n BREEDING BIRDS OF MINNESOTA Com. Yellowthroat, House Sparrow, W. 1980. The number of pairs of Com. Grackles SHELTERBELTS Meadowlark, Red-winged Blackbird, decreased from 31 in 1979 and 11 in 1980 Brown-headed Cowbird, Rose-breasted Nests located: Mourning Dove, 8, Com The following 7 censuseswere established Grosbeak, Am. Goldfinch, Clay-colored Flicker, 1; House Wren, 3; Am. Rob•n, 3, •n 1979 and have been censused for 3 con- Sparrow. Remarks: The number of Com. Com. Grackle, 3. secutive years. Mean minimum temperature Grackles decreased from 13 in 1979 and 9 in during census periods was 54øF (range 38- 1980.Nests located: Mourning Dove, 6; Am. 124. MATURE (1948) FIVE-ROW BELT. 64ø). Coverage of all shelterbeltson Apr 25, Robin, 3. -- Location: Minnesota; Dakota Co , Umv 28; May 2, 9, 12, 16, 19, 23, 25, 30; June 2, 4, of Minn. Rosemount Agricultural Experi- 9, 11, 18; July 8. Total trips per shelterbelt 121. IMMATURE (1961) NINE-ROW ment Sta., North Beef Section, 0.5 m• S of were 16, all between sunrise and 1130 and BELT. -- Location: Minnesota; Dakota Co., County Rd 42; 44ø44'N, 93ø05'W, Coates averaging 16-66 min per shelterbelt.A total Univ. of Minn. RosemountAgricultural Ex- Quadrangle, USGS. Size: 0.706 ha = 1 74 of 20 speciesestablished territories in spring perimentSta., AgriculturalEngineering Sec- acres. Description of Plot: See AB 34 72 1980 rs. 17 and 16 in spring 1979 and 1980, tion, 1.5 mi S of County Rd 42; 44ø43'N, (1980). As a consequenceof destructionby a respectively.The numberof pairs of Com. 93ø05'W, Coates Quadrangle, USGS. Size: summer 1980 storm, the density of the fol- Grackles in 1981 was 32 rs. 142 in 1979 and 42 0.787 ha = 1.94 acres. Descriptionof Plot: lowingtrees was decresed from that in spnng m 1980. Nine pairs of Mourning Doves oc- See AB 34:72 (1980): Coverage:Total man- 1980: Rows 1 and 2, Green Ash (Fraxmus curred in 1981 rs. 20 in 1979 and 12 in 1980. A hours: 9.8. Census: House Wren, 4 (509, pennsylvanica), from 388/acre to 386/acre, single pair of Gray Catbirds was noted in 206); Corn. Grackle, 2; Chipping Sparrow, rows 2 and 3, Silver Maple (Acer sac- 1981rs. 3.5 pairs in both 1979and 1980.The 1.5; Mourning Dove, 1; Black-cappedChick- charinum), from 323/acre to 315/acre, rows number of pairs of Chipping Sparrows in adee, 1; Brown Thrasher, 1; Am. Robin, 1; 3 and 4, Cottonwood (Populus deltotdes), 1981 was 12.5; only 5 and 7 pairs were ob- Com. Yellowthroat, 1; Indigo Bunting, 1; from 170/acre to 166/acre. Coverage:Total servedin 1979and 1980,respectively. A pair SongSparrow, 1. Total: 10 species;14.5 ter- man-hours: 13.6 Census: Com. Grackle, 9 of Black-cappedChickadees and 13 pairs of ritorial males (1847/km:, 747/100 acres). (1278, 517); House Wren, 4 (568,230), Am HouseWrens were presentin 1981due to the Visitors: Ring-necked Pheasant, Com. Robin, 4; Mourning Dove, 2; ChippingSpar- erection of nest boxes in 4 shelterbelts; Flicker, Least Flycatcher, Barn Swallow, row, 2; Brown Thrasher, 1; Com. Yellow- neither speciesnested in the shelterbeltsin Blue Jay, Com. Crow, Starling, Warbling throat, 1; Red-winged Blackbird, 0.5 Total: 1979 or 1980.This study was supportedby Vireo, Red-winged Blackbird, Brown- 8 species; 23.5 territorial males (3337/km 2, funds from the Minn. Agricultural Experi- headed Cowbird, Rose-breasted Grosbeak, 1351/100 acres). Visitors: Com. Flicker, E

Volume 36, Number 1 81 Kingbird, E Wood Pewee, Barn Swallow, natedflooding since 1977 wlch hasenhanced (2 1-27 in ) 2 Shrub density, 21,200 stems/ Starling, House Sparrow, N. Oriole, Brown- ground and shrub vegetation, increasing acre; ground cover, 50%; canopy cover, headedCowbird, Am. Goldfinch, Song Spar- mammalian predators at the expense of 73%; canopy heightmean, 16.8 ft, range, 14- row Remarks: The number of Corn. Grack- ground nesting birds and Least Flycatcher 20 ft. Edge: Boundedon S and W by Pembina les decreased from 58 in 1979 and 12 in 1980. habitat.--W.H. KOONZ, Dept. of Natural River, on N and E by native prairie. Topog- Nests located: Mourning Dove, 3; House Resources, 1495 St. James St., Winnipeg, raphy: Flat but adjacent to 40-50ø slope Wren, 4; Am. Robin, 4; Corn. Grackle, 6. Manitoba, Canada R3H OW9. Coverage:June 17-19, 30; 6 trips, 0740-1040, CDT. Total man-hours: 2.6 Census: Least Flycatcher, 2; Warbling Vireo, 2; Veery, 1.5, 125. MATURE (1946) FOUR-ROW BELT. Mourning Dove, 1; Gray Catbird, 1; Yellow -- Location: Minnesota; Dakota Co., Univ. BREEDING BIRD POPULATIONS Warbler, 1; Brown-headed Cowbird, 1 (fe- of Minn. Rosemount Agricultural Experi- OF SEVERAL WOODED HABITATS male); E. Kingbird, 0.5; Great Crested Fly- ment Sta., Poultry Section, 0.8 mi S of IN NORTHEASTERN NORTH catcher, 0.5; Cedar Waxwing, +; SongSpar- row, +. Total: 11 species; 10.5 territorial County Rd 42; 44ø43'N, 93ø03'W, Coates DAKOTA Quadrangle, USGS. Size: 0.698 ha = 1.72 males or females (961/kin 2, 389/100 acres) acres Descriptionof Plot: See AB 34:71-72 The breedingbird censusresults that fol- Visitors: Hairy Woodpecker, Am. Robin, (1980) As a consequenceof destructionby a low were conducted to obtain baseline data Rose-breasted Grosbeak, Am. Goldfinch, summer 1980 storm, the density of the fol- to be used in determining the possible im- Clay-colored Sparrow. Remarks: Drumming Ruffed Grouse used S end of plot prior to lowing trees was decreased from that in pacts of a dam and reservoir proposedfor census. spr•ng1980: Rows 1 and 2, Am. Elm (Ulmus construction on the Pembina River by the amertcana), from 415/acre to 402/acre; row U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Areas of 128. BOX-ELDER-BLACK ASH-AMERI- 3, Jack Pine (Pinus banksiana), from many censusplots are smaller than recom- CAN ELM LOWLAND FOREST. -- Loca- 267/acre to 263/acre; rows 3 and 4, White mended. This was necessaryto obtain data tion: North Dakota; Cavalier Co., 6.5 mi W Spruce (Picea glauca), from 356/acre to from homogeneoushabitats, and because 352/acre; row 4, White Cedar (Thuja oc- some habitats such as the Lowland Forest of Walhalla; SW corner, S 1/4, Sec. 30, ctdentalis), from 296/acre to 295/acre. type, occurredin small,isolated stands. All T163N, R58W, 48ø55'N, 98ø04'W, Vang Coverage: Total man-hours: 17.6. Census: vegetationdata were gatheredaccording to Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity:New. Size: Com Grackle, 4 (575, 233); Song Sparrow, the methods of James and Shugart Audubon 0.81 ha = 2.0 acres. Description of Plot: 3 5 (503,203); ChippingSparrow, 2.5; House Field Notes 24:727-736 (1970). Throughout Rectangular, measured from aerial photos andpaced. Mature floodplainforest. Canopy Wren, 2; Am. Robin, 2; E. Kingbird, 1; this report, relative dominance of tree Brown Thrasher, 1; Brown-headedCowbird, speciesis basalarea of a species+ total basal treeswere Box-elder(Acer negundo),Black 1, Fox Sparrow, 1; W. Meadowlark, 0.5; area of all species,and relative density is the Ash (Fraxinus nigra), Am. Elm (Ulmus Red-winged Blackbird, 0.5; Am. Goldfinch, numberof stemsof a species+ total number americana), Quaking Aspen (Populus 0 5 Total: 12 species;19.5 territorial males of stems of all species. tremuloides), Bur Oak (Quercus mac- (2801/km 2, 1134/100 acres). Visitors:Coop- Weather data were obtained from a Na- rocarpa). Dominant shrub was Red-osier er's Hawk, Ring-neckedPheasant, Mourn- tional Weather Service station near Cavalier, Dogwood (Cornus stolonifera). Ground lng Dove, Ruby-throated Hummingbird, PembinaCounty. Precipitationtotal for June cover was primarily Wood Nettle (Laportea Corn Flicker, Least Flycatcher, Barn Swal- was 2.05 in. above normal, and in July 1.48 sp.). Analysisof the vegetationat 5 randomly low, Blue Jay, Com. Crow, Gray Catbird, in. below normal. Precipitation fell on 19 selected points gave the following: 192 Starling, Corn. Yellowthroat, House Spar- days in June and 10 days in July. Tempera- trees/acre (474/ha); total basal area 57 ft:/acre. Relative dominance of tree species row, Bobolink, N. Oriole, Rose-breasted tures during June and July were 2.4ø and Grosbeak, Indigo Bunting, Vesper Sparrow. 1.5øF below normal. The highest tempera- Am. Elm, 42%; Box-elder, 29%; Black Ash, Remarks: The number of Com. Grackles de- ture recorded was 93øF on July 7, the lowest 28%; QuakingAspen, 1%; Bur Oak, 0.3%, creased from 11 in 1979 and 6 in 1980. Nests 41øFon July 26.--CRAIG A. FAANES and dead trees, 0.3%. Relative density of tree located: House Wren, 2; Am. Robin, 2. JOANTHAN M. ANDREW, U.S. Fish and species: Box-elder, 44%; Black Ash, 41%, Wildlife Service, Northern Prairie Wildlife Am. Elm, 12%; Quaking Aspen, 1%; Bur Research Center, Jamestown, ND 58401. Oak, 1%; dead trees, 1%. Trees by diameter 126. RIVER BOTTOM FOREST. -- Loca- size class: A (3-6 in.) 54, B (6.1-9 in.) 30, C tion: Manitoba; Headingley, 3 mi SW of vil- (9.1-15 in.) 10, D (15.1-21 in.) l, E (21.1-27 lageand 800 m N of Hwy 241 (4 mi W ofjct of 127. AMERICAN ELM-COTTONWOOD- in.) 1. Shrub density, 10,400 stems/acre, Hwys 241 and 334);49ø52'N, 97ø30'W, Win- BLACK ASH LOWLAND FOREST. --Loca- ground cover, 76%; canopy cover, 84%, mpeg62H/14. Continuity:Established 1977; tion: North Dakota; Cavalier Co., 8 mi E canopy height mean, 19 ft, range, 18-20ft 5 consecutiveyears. Size: 14 ha = 34.6 acres. Maida; W centralportion, W 1/2, S 1/4, Sec. Edge:Bounded on E by PembinaRiver, on N Descriptionof Plot: See AB 33:64 (1978). 33, T164N, R58W, 48ø05'N, 98ø10'W,Olga by road and wheat field, on W by road and Weather:Warm, calmoften with highhumid- NW Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity:New. Bur Oak forest, and S by aspen-ashforest lty Coverage:June 3, 6, 9, 11, 13, 19, 23, 26; Size: 1.09 ha = 2.7 acres (rectangularshape Topography:Flat. Coverage:June 7-9, 16-18, 0500-0800. Total man-hours: 22. Census: N. measuredfrom topographicmap and by pac- 6 trips,0650-1140 and 2000-2100, CDT. Total Oriole, 12(86, 35); Rose-breastedGrosbeak, ing). Descriptionof Plot: Mature floodplain man-hours: 2.5. Censns: Yellow Warbler, 11(79, 32); Least Flycatcher,7 (50, 20); Am. forest. Dominant canopy trees were Cotton- 2.5; Veery, 1; Red-eyedVireo, 1; Warbling Robin, 4 (29, 12); E. Wood Pewee, 4; Great wood (Populusdeltoides), Am. Elm (Ulmus Vireo, 1; Rose-breastedGrosbeak, 1; Clay- Crested Flycatcher, 3 (21, 9); Red-eyed americana), Box-elder(Acer negundo),and colored Sparrow, 1; Alder Flycatcher, 0.5, Vireo, 3; Yellow-throated Vireo, 1.5; War- Black Ash (Fraxinus nigra). Dominant Cedar Waxwing, 0.5; Song Sparrow, 0.5, bhngVireo, 1.5; Hairy Woodpecker,1; Blue shrubs included Vibrunum sp., Red-osier Yellow-bellied Sapsucker, +; E. Phoebe, Jay, 1, Black-cappedChickadee, 1; White- Dogwood (Cornus stolonifera), and Choke +; Gray Catbird, +. Total: 12 species;9 breastedNuthatch, 1; PhiladelphiaVireo, 1; Cherry (Prunus virginiana).Ground cover territorial males (l112/km 2, 450/100 acres) Scarlet Tanager, 1; Mourning Dove, +; consistedof various grassesand Pennsylva- Visitors: Ruby-throated Hummingbird, Black-billed Cuckoo, +; Downy Wood- nia Sedge(Carex pennsylvanica).An analy- Hairy Woodpecker, Great Crested Fly- pecker, +; HouseWren, +; Gray Catbird, sis of the vegetationat 5 randomlyselected catcher, Least Flycatcher, Black-capped +, Brown-headed Cowbird, +. Total: 21 points, gave the following: 156 trees/acre Chickadee, White-breastedNuthatch, Corn species; 53 territorial males (379/km2, (385/ha); total basalarea 72.2 ft2/acre. Rela- Crow, Ruby-crowned Kinglet, Com. Yel- 153/100 acres). Visitors: Red-tailed Hawk, tive dominance of tree species: Am. Elm, lowthroat, Mourning Warbler, Am. Red- Great Horned Owl, E. Kingbird, Cedar Wax- 63%; Cottonwood, 23%; Black Ash, 8%; stan, Brown-headedCowbird, Pine Siskin, wing, Orange-crowned Warbler, Yellow Box-elder, 6%. Relative density of tree Am. Goldfinch, Rufous-sidedTowhee. Warbler. Remarks: Nests found: Mourning species:Cottonwood, 36%; Am. Elm, 30%; Dove, Am. Robin, Rose-breastedGrosbeak Black Ash, 17%; Box-elder, 17%. Trees by 129. BOX-ELDER-COTTONWOOD- (2) Great Horned Owl had 3 fledglings.Up- diameter size class: A (3-6 in.) 42, B (6.1-9 ELM-ASH LOWLAND FOREST. -- Loca- stream water control structure has elimi- in.) 19, C (9.1-15 in.) 7, D (15.1-21 in.) 8, E tion: North Dakota; Cavalier Co., 8 mi W

82 American Birds, January 1982 Walhalla, most of SE 1/4, S1/2, NW 1/4, 75%, canopy cover, 63%, canopy height randomlyselected points gave the following Sec. 29, T163N, R57W, 48ø55'N, 98ø04'W, mean, 27 ft, range, 21-33 ft. Edge: Bounded 52 trees/acre (128/ha); total basal area 8 4 Vang Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity:New. on all sidesby similar habitat. Topography: ft2/acre. Relative density: Bur Oak, 38%, Size: 1.3 ha = 3.2 acres. Descriptionof Plot: Slopingfrom NE to SW at about 15ø. Cover- Green Ash, 31%; QuakingAspen, 27%, Am Mature lowlandforest. Tree speciesincluded age:June 7-9, 16, 18;6 trips, 0630-1000,CDT. Elm, 4%. Relative dominance:Quakang As- Box-elder (Acer negundo), Cottonwood Total man-hours: 5.4. Census: Am. Redstart pen, 55%, Bur Oak, 24%; Green Ash, 19%, (Populusdeltoides ), Am. Elm ( UImus ameri- 11.5 (355, 144); Ruby-throated Humming- Am. Elm, 2%. Trees by diameter size class cana), Black Ash (Fraxinus nigra), Hack- bird, 2; Veery, 2; Red-eyedVireo, 2; Great A (3-6 in.) 23, B (6.1-9.0in.) 1, C (9.1-15 0 m ) berry (Celtis occidentalis), willow ($alis Crested Flycatcher, 1; Cedar Waxwing, 1; 2. Shrub density, 94,800 stems/acre;ground sp.), and Bur Oak (Quercus macrocarpa). Black-and-white Warbler, 1; Scarlet Tana- cover, 96%; canopy cover, 10%; canopy Understory shrub dominantsinclude Box- get, 1; Rose-breastedGrosbeak, 1; Rufous- height mean, 12 ft, range, 0-21 ft Edge: elder, Choke Cherry (Prunus virginiana), sidedTowhee, 0.5. Total: 10 species;23 ter- Boundedon N, E, and S by Bur Oak Forest, and Red-osier Dogwood (Cornus stolonif- ritorial males (710/km 2, 288/100 acres). on W by similar habitat and Little North era). Groundcover was primarily Wood Net- Visitors: Red-tailed Hawk, Broad-winged PembinaRiver. Coverage:June 16, 20, 30, tle (Laportea sp.), and goldenrod(Solidago Hawk, E. Phoebe, Com. Crow, Blue Jay, July 1; 6 trips, 0600-1040, CDT. Total man- sp.). Analysisof the vegetationat 5 randomly Gray Catbird, Yellow-throated Vireo, Red- hours: 5.2 Census:Yellow Warbler, 7 (228, selected points gave the following: 250 winged Blackbird, Am. Goldfinch.Remarks: 92);Clay-colored Sparrow, 5 (163,66), Gray trees/acre (617.5 trees/ha); total basal area Two Ruby-throated Hummingbird nests Catbird, 4 (130, 53); Am. Goldfinch, 3 (98, 45.4 ft:/acre. Relative densityof tree species were found. 39); Cedar Waxwing, 2; Com. Yellowthroat, was: Box-elder, 69%; Am. Elm, 8%; willow, 2; Rufous-sidedTowhee, 2; E. Kingbird, 1, 9%; Cottonwood, 6.5%; Black Ash, 6.5%; 131. BUR OAK-GREEN ASH THICKET. Least Flycatcher, 1; Black-capped Chick- Hackberry, 2%; Bur Oak, 0.8%. Relative -- Location: North Dakota; Cavalier Co., 5 adee, 1 Warbling Vireo, 1; Golden-winged dominance of tree species: Box-elder, mi SE Walhalla; NE 1/4, NW 1/4, NE 1/4, Warbler, 1; Brown-headed Cowbird, 1 (fe- 54.6%; Cottonwood, 16.7%; Am. Elm, Sec. 33, T163N, R57W, 48ø54'N, 98ø02'W, male); Indigo Bunting, 1; Song Sparrow, 1, 15.9%; Black Ash, 6.2%; willow, 4%; Hack- Vang Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity:New. Ruby-throated Hummingbird, 0 5, E berry, 2.2%; Bur Oak, 0.4%. Treesby diame- Size: 4.45 ha = 11 acres. Descriptionof Plot: Phoebe,0.5; Great CrestedFlycatcher, 0 5, ter size class:A (3-6 in.) 99, B (6.1-9.0 in.) 18, Regeneratingstand of Bur Oak and Green Veery, 0.5; ScarletTanager, 0.5; Am. Wood- C (9.1-15.0 in.) 7, D (15.1-21 in.) 1. Shrub Ash uplandforest. Tree speciesincluded Bur cock, +; Yellow-throated Vireo, + Total: density, 18,000 stems/acre; ground cover, Oak (Quercusmacrocarpa), and Green Ash 22 species; 35.5 territorial males or females 58%; canopy cover, 69%; canopy height (Fraxinus pennsylvanica). Shrubs primarily (1154/km:, 467/ 100 acres). Visitors: Mourn- mean, 10.3ft, range,8-13 ft. Edge:Bordered Saskatoon Serviceberry (Amelanchier al- ing Dove, House Wren, Black-and-white on N and S by wheat field on W by Pembina nifolia) and Bur Oak. Analysis of the vegeta- Warbler, Rose-breasted Grosbeak Re- River, on E by mixed grassprairie/Bur Oak. tion at 5 randomly selectedpoints gave the marks:Two recentlyfledged Golden-w•nged Topography:Flat. Coverage:June 7, 9, 17-18; following: 32 trees/acre (79/ha); total basal Warblerswere foundJune 30, thusestablish- July 1, 6 trips, 0630-1035 and 1905-2005, area 4.4 ft2/acre. Relative density: Bur Oak, ing the first nest record for North Dakota CDT. Total man-hours: 3.4. Census: Yellow 75%; Green Ash, 25%. Relative dominance: Warbler, 4.5 (347, 141); Gray Catbird, 2.5; Bur Oak, 82%; Green Ash, 18%. Trees by Least Flycatcher, 2; Veery, 1.5; Clay- diameter size class: A (3-6 in.) 13, B (6.1-9.0 133. MATURE QUAKING ASPEN FOR- colored Sparrow, 1.5; Ruffed Grouse, 1; in.) 3. Shrub density 144,400 stems/acre; EST. -- Location: North Dakota; Cavalier Mourning Dove, 1; House Wren, 1; Red- ground cover, 78%; canopy cover, 7%. Co., 8 mi ESE Maida, part of NE 1/4, SW eyed Vireo, 1; Brown-headedCowbird, 0.5 Canopyheight mean, 10ft, range,0-22. Edge: 1/4, Sec. 32, T164N, R58W; 48ø04'N, (female);Am. Goldfinch,0.5; SongSparrow, Boundedon the E by gravelroad andlowland 98ø10'W,Olga NW Quadrangle,USGS Con- 0.5; Warbling Vireo, +; Am. Redstart, + forest, on S and W by wheat field on N by tinuity: New. Size: 4.05 ha = 10 acres De- Rufous-sidedTowhee, +. Total: 15 species; mature Bur Oak-Green Ash forest. Cover- scriptionof Plot: Tree speciesinclude Quak- 17.5 territorial males or females (1351/km2, age: June 16, 19-20, 29; July 2; 6 trips, 0535- ing Aspen (Populus tremuloides), Bur Oak 547/100 acres).Visitors: Yellow-bellied Sap- 1120, CDT. Total man-hours: 7. Census:Yel- (Quercusmacrocarpa), and Box-elder (Acer sucker, Hairy Woodpecker, Downy Wood- low Warbler, 13.5 (303, 123); Clay-colored negundo). Understory vegetationcomposed pecker, Com. Crow, Black-billed Magpie, Sparrow, 6 (135, 55); Mourning Dove, 4 (90, primarilyof Buckbrush(Symphoricarpus oc- Black-cappedChickadee, Am. Robin. 36); Gray Catbird, 4; Com. Yellowthroat, cidentalis), Green Ash (Fraxinus pennsyl- 2.5; Veery, 2; Orange-crownedWarbler, 2; vanica) saplings, Quaking Aspen saplings, 130. BUR OAK-GREEN ASH FOREST. -- Am. Goldfinch, 1.5; Rufous-sided Towhee, and Poison Ivy (Rhus radicans). Analysis of Location:North Dakota; Cavalier Co., 9 mi E 1.5; Black-cappedChickadee, 1; Cedar Wax- the vegetation at 5 randomly selectedpoints of Maida; part of W portion, SE 1/4, Sec. 33, wing, 1; Mourning Warbler, 1; ScarletTana- gave the following: 288 trees/acre (711/ha), T164N, R58W, 48ø05'N, 98ø09'W, Olga NW get, 1; Rose-breasted Grosbeak, 1; Indigo 44.4 ft2/acre basal area. Relative density of Quadrangle, USGS. Continuity: New. Size: Bunting, 1; Vesper Sparrow, 0.5; White- tree species:Quaking Aspen, 72%; Bur Oak, 3.24 ha = 8.0 acres. Description of Plot: breasted Nuthatch, +. Total: 17 species; 7%; Box-elder, 1%; dead Quaking Aspen, Mature Bur Oak-Green Ash upland forest. 43.5 territorial males (977/km 2, 395/100 20%. Relative dominance of tree species Tree species included Bur Oak (Quercus acres). Visitors: Downy Woodpecker, Great Quaking Aspen, 72%; Bur Oak, 7%, Box- macrocarpa), Green Ash (Fraxinus pennsyl- Crested Flycatcher, House Wren, Chestnut- elder, 1%; dead Quaking Aspen, 20% Trees vanica), Quaking Aspen (Populus sidedWarbler, Am. Redstart, Brown-headed by diameterclass: A (3-6 in.) 105,B (6.1-9 in ) tremuloides), and Cottonwood (P. del- Cowbird. 39. Shrub density, 26,200 stems/acre, tomes). Dominant shrubs included Beaked ground cover, 62%; canopy cover, 47%, Hazelnut (Corylus cornuta), Pin Cherry 132. BUR OAK-GREEN ASH-QUAKING canopy height mean, 30 ft, range, 30-36 ft (Prunus pensylvanica), and Saskatoon Ser- ASPEN FOREST. m Location: North Edge: Bounded on N by similar habitat and viceberry(Amelanchier alnifolia). Dominant Dakota; Cavalier Co., 8 mi WNW Walhalla; grassyclearing, on W by s!milarhabitat, on S ground cover included PennsylvaniaSedge part of SE 1/4, SW 1/4, Sec. 18, T163N, and E by Bur Oak-Green Ash forest. Topog- (Carex pennsylvanica).Analysis of the vege- R57W; 48ø56'N, 98ø05'WVang Quadrangle, raphy: Sloping NE to SW at about 30ø tation at 5 randomly selectedpoints gave the USGS. Continuity: New. Size: 3.08 ha = 7.6 Coverage:June 7-8, 16-17, 30; 6 trips, 0530- following: 132 trees/acre (326/ha); total acres. Descriptionof Plot: Tree speciesin- 0945 and 1810-1930,CDT. Total man-hours basal area 25 ft2/acre. Relative density: cluded Quaking Aspen (Populus 7.9 Census:Least Flycatcher, 8.5 (210, 85), Green Ash, 59%; Bur Oak, 36%; Quaking tremuloides), Bur Oak (Quercus mac- Veery, 4.5 (111,45); Mourning Dove, 2 5, E Aspen, 4%; Cottonwood3%. Relative domi- rocarpa), Green Ash (Fraxinus pennsyl- Wood Pewee, 1.5; Warbling Vireo, 1.5, Yel- nance: Bur Oak, 63%; Green Ash, 36%; vanica), and Am. Elm (UImus americana). low-bellied Sapsucker, 1; Gray Catbird, 1, Quaking Aspen, 0.5%; Cottonwood, 0.5%. Dominant understory shrubs included Sas- Black-capped Chickadee, 1; Red-eyed Trees by diameter size class:A (3-6 in.) 34, B katoon Serviceberry (Amelanchier al- Vireo, 1; Philadelphia Vireo, 1; Mourning (6.1-9.0 in.) 20, C (9.1-15.0) 12. Shrub den- nifolia), and Beaked Hazelnut (Coryluscor- Warbler, 1; CanadaWarbler, 1; N. Oriole, 1, sity, 122,800 stems/acre; ground cover, nuta). Analysis of the vegetation at 5 Am. Goldfinch, 1; Rufous-sidedTowhee, 1,

Volume 36, Number 1 83 Downy Woodpecker, 0 5, Cedar Waxwing, speciesincluded Quaking Aspen (Populus 137. WILLOW-SASKATOON SER- 0 5, Rose-breasted Grosbeak, 0.5; Clay- tremuloides),White Birch (Betula papyrif- VICEBERRY FLOODPLAIN THICKET. -- colored Sparrow, 0.5; Com. Crow, +; era), Am. Elm (UImus americana), and Location:North Dakota; CavalierCo., 8 mi E White-breasted Nuthatch, +. Total: 21 Black Ash (Fraxinus nigra). Dominant of Malda; part of N 1/2, NE 1/4, NE 1/4, species, 30.5 territorial males (754/km 2, shrubsincluded Red-osier Dogwood (Cornus Sec. 32, T164N, R58W, 48ø59'N, 98ø11'W, 305/100 acres). Visitors: Red-tailed Hawk, stolonifera), Saskatoon Serviceberry Ogla NW Quadrangle, USGS. Continuity: Ruby-throatedHummingbird, Great Crested (Amelanchier alnifolia), and Beaked Hazel- New. Size: 1.295 ha = 3.2 acres.Description Flycatcher, House Wren, Am. Robin, nut (Corylus cornuta). Analysis of the vege- of Plot: Shrub habitat with few trees and Brown-headedCowbird, SongSparrow. Re- tation at 5 randomlyselected points gave the seasonalwet areasin S 1/4 of plot. Dominant marks: Nests found: Mourning Dove, 2. The following: 218 trees/acre (538/ha); 54.8 trees included Choke Cherry (Prunus vir- Canada Warbler pair represented the first ft2/acrebasal area. Relativedensity of tree giniana) and willow (Salix sp.). Shrubs breeding seasonrecord •for this speciesin species:Black Ash, 56%; QuakingAspen, mostly Saskatoon Serviceberry (Amelan- North Dakota since 1917. 37%; Am. Elm, 5%; White Birch, 2%. Rela- chief alnifolia), willow, and Red-osierDog- tive dominanceof tree species:Quaking As- wood (Comus stolonifera).Analysis of vege- pen, 37%; Am. Elm, 5%; White Birch, 2%. tation at 5 randomly selectedpoints yielded 134. QUAKING ASPEN-GREEN ASH Trees by diameterclass: A (3-6 in.) 74, B (6.1- the following: 6 trees/acre (14.8/ha); total FOREST. -- Location: North Dakota; 9 in.) 20, C (9.1-15 in.) 13, D (15.1-21in.) 2. basal area 0.6 ft2/acre. Relative density: wil- Cavalier Co., 6 mi SW Walhalla; SW 1/4, SW Shrub density, 86,400 stems/acre; ground low sp., 67%; Choke Cherry, 33%. Relative 1/4, NE 1/4, Sec. 33, T163N, R57W, cover, 54%; canopy cover, 72%; canopy dominance of tree species:willow sp., 67%, 48ø54'N,98ø02'W, Vang Quadrangle,USGS. height mean, 45 ft, range, 40-50 ft. Edge: Choke Cherry, 33%. Trees by diameter size Continuity: New. Size: 4.05 ha = 10 acres. Bounded on all sides by similar habitat. To- class:A (3-6), 3. GroundCover, 89%; canopy Descriptionof Plot: Mature forest inters- pography:Essentially flat; severalsmall de- cover, 11%; canopyheight mean, 8 ft, range, persed with small meadow openingsacross pressionsheld water. Coverage: June 16-17, 3-15 ft; shrub density, 137,600/acre. Edge: N 1/2 Tree speciesincluded Quaking Aspen 29; July 2, 6 trips, 0610-0910 and 1910-2025, Bounded on N by gravel road and similar (Populustremuloides), Green Ash (Fraxinus CDT. Total man-hours: 5.7. Census: Red- habitat, on W and S by aspen forest and pennsylvanica), Bur Oak (Quercus mac- eyed Vireo, 4 (99, 40); Veery, 3 (74, 30); similar habitat and on E by Pembina River rocarpa), White Birch (Betula papyrifera), Ovenbird, 2; Corn. Yellowthroat, 2; Ruffed and similar habitat. Topography:Slightly and Am. Elm (UImus americana). Under- Grouse,1; E. WoodPewee, 1; Black-capped rolling, sloping downward to E. Coverage: story vegetation mostly Beaked Hazelnut Chickadee, 1; Solitary Vireo, 1; Brown- June 9, 17, 19, 30; July 1; 6 trips, 0610-1105, (Corylus cornuta), and Red-osier Dogwood headed Cowbird, 1 (female); N. Oriole, 1; CDT. Total man-hours: 5.7. Census: Yellow (Cornusstolonifera). Analysisof the vegeta- Downy Woodpecker, 0.5; White-breasted Warbler, 11 (849, 344); Veery, 3 (232, 94), tion at 5 randomly selected points gave the Nuthatch, 0.5; Gray Catbird, 0.5; Warbling Alder Flycatcher, 2.5; Gray Catbird, 2.5, following: 194 trees/acre (479/ha); 38.2 Vireo, 0.5; Scarlet Tanager, 0.5; Rose- Clay-colored Sparrow, 2; Warbling Vireo, ft2/acre basal area. Relative density of tree breastedGrosbeak, 0.5; IndigoBunting, 0.5; 1.5; N. Waterthrush, 1.5; Com. Yellow- species Quaking Aspen, 36%; Green Ash, Am. Goldfinch, 0.5; Great Crested Fly- throat, 1.5; Am. Goldfinch, 1.5; Belted 22%, dead Quaking Aspen, 12%; Am. Elm, catcher, +. Total: 19 species,21 territorial Kingfisher, 1; Mourning Dove, 1; Cedar 12%, White Birch, 8%; Bur Oak, 7%; dead males or females (519/km2, 210/100 acres). Waxwing, 1; Brown-headedCowbird, 1 (fe- Bur Oak, 1%; dead Am. Elm, 1%. Relative Visitors: Broad-winged Hawk, Black-billed male). Total: 13 species;31 territorial males dominanceof tree species:Quaking Aspen, Cuckoo, Pileated Woodpecker, Least Fly- or females (2394/km2, 969/100 acres) 42 5%, Am. Elm, 18%; deadQuaking Aspen, catcher, Barn Swallow, Am. Robin, Black- Visitors: Least Flycatcher, Barn Swallow, 16%, Green Ash, 11%; Bur Oak, 4%; White and-white Warbler, N. Waterthrush. Bank Swallow, Black-capped Chickadee, Birch, 4%; dead Am. Elm, 4%; dead Bur Rose-breasted Grosbeak. Oak, 0 5%. Trees by diameter class: A (3-6 136. RIPARIAN WILLOW SHRUB. -- Lo- in ) 65, B (6.1-9 in.) 26, C (9.1-15 in.) 6. Shrub cation: North Dakota: Cavalier Co., 7 mi W density, 45,800 stems/acre; ground cover, Walhalla; W edge of NW 1/4, NW 1/4 Sec. 92%, canopy cover, 48%; canopy height 29, T164N, R57W, 48ø55'N. 98ø04'W, Vang 138. SASKATOON SERVICEBERRY mean, 33 ft, range, 15-45 ft. Edge: Bounded Quadrangle, USGS. Continuity: New. Size: THICKET. -- Location: North Dakota, on N by aspenshrub habitat, on E by gravel 1.295 ha = 3.2 acres. Descriptionof Plot: Cavalier Co., 9 mi WNW Walhalla; part of road, on S and W by Bur Oak-Am. Elm- Long and narrow, not exceeding 100 ft in SE 1/4, NE 1/4, NE 1/4, Sec. 24, T163N, Green Ash forest (mature). Topography: width at any point and followingriver bank. R58W, 48ø56'N, 98ø05'W, Vang Quadrangle, Sloping SW to NE at about 20ø. Coverage: No trees recorded. Dominant shrubs in- USGS. Continuity:New. Size: 1.295ha = 3.2 June 16-17, 19-20, 30; July 1; 6 trips, 0615- cluded willow (Salix sp.), and Red-osierDog- acres.Description of Plot:Shrub habitat with 1205, CDT. Total man-hours: 6.6. Census: wood (Comus stolonifera). Ground cover E half of plot bisected by Little North Pem- Veery, 3.5 (86, 35); Red-eyed Vireo, 3 (74, consists of Prairie Rose (Rosa arkansana), bina River. Dominant shrub Saskatoon Ser- 30), Yellow Warbler, 3; Am. Goldfinch, 2.5; and Brome Grass (Bromus sp.). Analysis of viceberry (Amelanchier alnifolia). Analysis Least Flycatcher, 2; Black-and-whiteWar- vegetation at 5 randomly selected points of vegetationat 5 randomly selectedpoints bler, 2, Am. Redstart, 2; Ruffed Grouse, 1.5; gave the following: No trees or basal area gave the following: No trees. Shrub density Black-cappedChickadee, 1.5; Clay-colored quantified; no stems > 3 in. dbh. Ground 179,800 stems/acre (almost all Saskatoon Sparrow, 1.5; Downy Woodpecker, 1; cover, 34%; canopy cover, 0%; vegetation Serviceberry). Ground cover, 100%;canopy Black-balled Cuckoo, 1; Great Crested Fly- height, 10 ft, Range 8-12 ft; shrub density, cover, 0%; vegetation height mean, 6 ft, catcher, 1; Blue Jay, 1; White-breasted 124,800 stems/acre. Edge: Bounded on N by range,4-9 ft. Edge:Bordered on N andW by Nuthatch, 1; Cedar Waxwing, 1; N. Water- Lowland Forest, on E by wheat field, on W Bur Oak forest, on E by Bur Oak-Saskatoon thrush, 1; N. Oriole, 1; Rose-breastedGros- by Pembina River and on S by gravel road Serviceberry Thicket, on S by gravel road, beak, 1, Warbling Vireo, 0.5; Com. Yellow- and wheat field. Topography:flat. Coverage: Little North Pembina and Pembina Rivers throat, 0.5; Scarlet Tanager, +. Total: 22 June 18-19, 30; 6 trips, 0615-0955 and 1815- Topography:Flat, althoughlocated in valley species, 32.5 territorial males (803/km2, 1905, CDT. Total man-hours: 2.7 hours. Cen- with 30ø slopes to E and W. Coverage:June 9, 325/100 acres). Visitors: Cooper's Hawk, sus: Alder Flycatcher, 6 (463, 188); Yellow 18;July 1-2;6 trips, 0700-1000and 1830-1925, Wild Turkey, Hairy Woodpecker. Remarks: Warbler, 6; Gray Catbird, 4 (309, 125); Com. CDT. Total man-hours: 2.8. Census: Yellow Nest found: Downy Woodpecker. Yellowthroat, 4; Song Sparrow, 3.5 (270, Warbler, 3 (232, 94); Clay-coloredSparrow, 109);Red-winged Blackbird, 1.5; Veery, 0.5; 2; Am. Goldfinch,1.5; Gray Catbird,1; Corn Warbling Vireo, 0.5; Cedar Waxwing, +; Yellowthroat, 1; Brown-headedCowbird, 1 135. BLACK ASH-QUAKING ASPEN Am. Goldfinch, +; Clay-colored Sparrow, (female); Mourning Dove, +. Total: 7 FOREST. -- Location: North Dakota; Pem- +. Total: 11 species; 26 territorial males species; 9.5 territorial males or females blna Co , 8.6 mi SE Walhalla; NE 1/4, NE (2008/km 2, 813/100 acres). Remarks: One (734/km 2, 297/100 acres). Visitors: Ruby- 1/4, NE 1/4, Sec. 36, T162N, R56W, recently fledgedAlder Flycatcher was found throated Hummingbird, Least Flycatcher, 48ø48'N, 97ø50'W. Continuity: New. Size: July 21, thus establishingthe first nestrecord Cedar Waxwing, Veery, Warbling Vireo, 4 05 ha = 10 acres. Descriptionof Plot: Tree for North Dakota. Chestnut-sidedWarbler, Song Sparrow.

84 AmericanBirds, January 1982 139. OAK-HICKORY FOREST. -- Loca- BREEDING BIRD POPULATIONS mouse, 3 5 (43, 18), Yellow-bfiled Cuckoo, tion: Kansas; Douglas Co., Priestley's OF SELECTED OAK-HICKORY 2.5; Downy Woodpecker, 2.5; Blue Jay, 2 5, Woods. Predominantly on NWVn, SWV4, FORESTS IN NORTHEASTERN White-breasted Nuthatch, 2.5; Mourmng Sec. 22, T-14S, R-20E, Baldwin City Quad- Dove, 2; Black-cappedChickadee, 2; Great KANSAS rangle, USGS. Continuity:New. Size:8.1 ha Crested Flycatcher, 2; Kentucky Warbler, = 20 acres(irregular shape, roughly triangu- 1.5; Summer Tanager, 1.5; Rose-breasted See AB 33:66-67(1979) for a descriptionof lar, measured in acres). Descriptionof Plot: Grosbeak, 1.5; Chuck-will's-widow, 1, Com vegetationand topography.Overall, these6 Dominant canopy trees are elm (Ulmus censuses reflected lower numbers than 1979 Flicker, 1; Red-eyed Vireo, 1; Cardinal, 1, spp.), Hackberry (Celtis occidentalis), Hairy Woodpecker, +; Com. Crow, +, but about the same as 1980. Drought condi- Green Ash (Fraxinus americana), Bitternut Wood Thrush, +. Total: 18 species;28 ter- tions prevailed in 1980. Noticeable species H•ckory(Carya cordiformis)and Black Wal- ritorial males (346/km 2, 140/100 acres) changes between 1980 and 1981 were the nut (Juglansnigra). Many of the large oaks Visitors: Red-tailed Hawk, Red-belhed continued absenceof Ovenbirds breeding on were harvested 25-30 years ago. Most pro- Woodpecker, E. Kingbird, E. Wood Pewee, 4 of 6 plots, disappearanceof Whip-poor- mmant in the understory are Paw Paw Barn Swallow, Brown Thrasher, Blue-gray wills on 3 of the 6 grids, decreasesof Ken- (Asiminatriloba), saplingelms, and Bladder- Gnatcatcher, N. Parula, Red-winged Black- tucky Warbler, Summer Tananger, N. nut (Staphylea trifi•lia). Groundcover con- bird, Com. Grackle, Brown-headed Cow- Parula, and the absence of Scarlet Tanager, s•stsmainly of Coralberry (Symphoricarpos bird, Indigo Bunting. Remarks: Nests found exceptfor a partial territory on I plot and as a orblculatus), various grassesand saplings, Yellow-billed Cuckoo, Chuck-will's w•dow, visitor on 2 plots. and Stinging Nettle (Urtica dioica). A quan- Downy Woodpecker. Precipitation data from Baldwin City, 2 mi titative analysis of the vegetation gave the S, indicate that April with 0.6 in. was very following results:Trees 3 in. in diameterand 142. OAK-HICKORY FOREST III. -- Lo- dry comparedto the 40-year averageof 3.46 over, based on 13 0.1 acre circular samples, cation: Kansas; Douglas Co., on the Umv of in. May, June, July, however, each had ap- 319/acre; total basal area 158.5 ft2/acre. All KansasBreidenthal Biological Reserve Pre- proximately double the average precipita- trees counted (comprising93% of the total); dominantly on the NEV4, NEV4, Sec. 28, T- tion. Temperature data from Lawrence, 12 elm species,62, 19, 8, 92; Hackberry, 58, 18, 14S, R-20E; 38ø48'N, 95ø12'W,Baldwin C•ty mi NW, indicate temperatures were very 14, 100; Bitternut Hickory, 30, 9, 12, 92; Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity:Estabhshed dead, 28, 9, 11, 92; Black Walnut, 25, 8, 11, nearly normalwith a meanmax of 84.5øFand mean min of 62.6 ø for June. 1978;4 consecutiveyears. Size: 8.1 ha = 20 85, Red Mulberry (Morus rubra), 22, 7, 7, 77; Our thanks to the Field Research Commit- acres. Coverage:May 25, 30; June 4, 16-17, Redbud(Cercis canadensis),17, 5, 1,62; Bur 23, 29; July 3, 6; 0600-1100.Total man-hours tee, Division of Biological Sciences, at the Oak (Quercus macrocarpa), 10, 3, 14, 70; Univ. of Kansas for use of research areas 23.5 Census: Cardinal, 5 (62, 25); Black- Sycamore (Platanus occidentalis), 10, 3, 7, capped Chickadee, 4.5 (56, 22); Great under their control, and to Frank Sturdy, Mr. 38 Trees by diameter size class: A (3-6 in.) Crested Flycatcher, 4 (49, 20); E. Wood and Mrs. Thomas Beisecker, and Mr. and 172,54, 17, 11;B (6-9 in.)68, 21,20, 13; C (9- Pewee, 4; Yellow-billed Cuckoo, 3.5 (43, 18), Mrs. Earl Cutler for access to their proper- 15 in.) 45, 14, 30, 19; D (15-21 in.) 18, 5, 27, Downy Woodpecker, 3.5; Tufted Titmouse, ties.---ROGER L. BOYD, CALVIN L. 17, E (21-27) 12, 4, 36, 23; F (27-33) 5, 2, 26, 3.5; Blue Jay, 3 (37, 15); Red-eyed Vireo, 3, CINK, DAWN BRYAN, and MARTIN 17 Shrub stems/acre, 2523; ground cover Red-bellied Woodpecker, 2.5; White- JOYCE, Biol. Dept., Baker Univ., Baldwin 87%; canopy cover 94%; average canpy breasted Nuthatch, 2.5; Kentucky Warbler, City, KS 66006. height60 ft (range50-90). Edge:A minimum 2.5; Rose-breasted Grosbeak, 2.5; Brown- 10-20 yds woodland edge was maintained headed Cowbird, 2; Wood Thrush, I 5, duringlayout but, except for the SW corner 140. OAK-HICKORY FOREST I. -- Loca- Mourning Dove, 1; Com. Flicker, 1, Red- which is separated from another woodland tion: Kansas;Douglas Co., on the Univ. of headed Woodpecker, 1; Chuck-wfil's- by a paved road; the other edgesare pasture Kansas Wall Biological Reserve. Predomi- widow, 1; N. Parula, 1; Indigo Bunting, 1, N or cultivatedfields. Topography:Relatively nantly on the NW IA, SW 1/4,Section 28, T- Oriole, +. Total: 22 species;53.5 temtorml fiat. Elevation: 920-950 ft. Located I/4 mi N of 14S, R-20E; 38ø48'N,95ø12'W, Baldwin City males (661/km 2, 268/100 acres). Visitors: the foot of a N facing escarpment.Weather: Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity:Established Red-tailed Hawk, Ovenbird, Lorestuna Same as for "Breeding Bird Populationsof 1978.4 consecutiveyears. 8.1 ha = 20 acres. Waterthrush, Red-winged Blackbird, Corn SelectedOak-Hickory Forestsin Northeast- Coverage: May 22, 29; June 9-10, 16, 19-20, Grackle, Scarlet Tanager. Remarks: Nests ern Kansas," which follow. Coverage:June 29; July 3; 0700-1100. Total man-hours: 16. found: Yellow-billed Cuckoo, Chuck-wfil's- 3, 5, 9, 18, 23, 26; July 1,3, 5; 9 tripsbetwen Census:Great Crested Flycatcher, 4.5 (56, widow (2), Red-headed Woodpecker, 0600-1100 hr. Total man-hours: 26. Census: 23); Blue Jay, 4 (49, 20); Rose-breastedGros- Downy Woodpecker (2), Tufted Titmouse, Cardinal, 7 (86, 35); Yellow-billed Cuckoo, 3 beak, 4; E. Wood Pewee, 3.5 (43, 18); Red- Cardinal (3). (37, 15); Great Crested Flycatcher, 3; Black- bellied Woodpecker, 3 (37, 15); Downy capped Chickadee, 3; Indigo Bunting, 3; Woodpecker,3; Tufted Titmouse, 3; Yellow- Red-headed Woodpecker, 2.5; Downy billed Cuckoo, 2.5; White-breasted Nut- 143. OAK-HICKORY FOREST 1V. -- Lo- Woodpecker,2.5; White-breastedNuthatch, hatch, 2.5; Com. Flicker, 2; Black-capped cation: Kansas; Douglas Co., Sturdy's 2 5; Red-bellied Woodpecker, 2; E. Wood Chickadee, 2; Cardinal, 2; Red-headed Woods. Predominantlyon the NE 1/4, NE Pewee, 2; Blue Jay, 2; Tufted Titmouse, 2; Woodpecker, 1; Hairy Woodpecker, 1; Sum- 1/4, Section 27, T-14N, R-20E; 38ø48'N, N Parula, 2; Louisiana Waterthrush, 2; Ken- mer Tanager, 1; Red-tailed Hawk, +; Wood 95ø10'W, Baldwin City Quadrangle, USGS tucky Warbler, 2; Red-eyed Vireo, 1.5; Thrush, +; Red-eyed Vireo, +; Kentucky Continuity: Established 1978;4 consecutive Hairy Woodpecker, 1; Green Heron, +; Warbler, +. Total: 19 species, 39 territorial years. Size: 8.1 ha = 20 acres. Coverage: Blue-gray Gnatcatcher, +. Total: 19 species; males (482/km 2, 195/100 acres). Visitors: May 22, 25, 28; June 1, 3, 5, 12, 19, 30, 0630- 43 territorial males (531/km 2, 215/100 Bobwhite, Mourning Dove, Com. Crow, 1130.Total man-hours: 18. Census:Red-eyed acres). Visitors: Red-tailed Hawk, Great Tennessee Warbler, Ovenbird, Am. Red- Vireo, 5 (62, 25); Great Crested Flycatcher, 4 Horned Owl, Corn. Crow, Red-winged start, Baltimore Oriole, Corn. Grackle, (49, 20); Downy Woodpecker, 3 (37, 15), Blackbird, Corn. Grackle, Brown-headed Brown-headed Cowbird, Scarlet Tanager. Blue Jay, 3; Yellow-billed Cuckoo, 2; Wh•p- Cowbird. Remarks: Single nests found: Yel- poor-will, 2; Red-bellied Woodpecker, 2, E low-billed Cuckoo, Great Crested Fly- 141. OAK-HICKORY FOREST II. -- Lo- Wood Pewee, 2; Black-cappedChickadee, 2, catcher. Our thanks to Nellie Holmes and cation:Kansas; Douglas Co.; on the Univ. of Tufted Titmouse, 2; White-breasted Martha Buller for permissionto conduct the Kansas Breidenthal Biological Reserve and Nuthatch, 2; Wood Thrush, 2; Kentucky study on their land. MARTIN JOYCE Cedar Crest Wildlife Refuge (Cliff Woods). Warbler, 2; Brown-headed Cowbird, 2, Car- (compiler) and ROGER E. BOYD, Biol Predominantly on the NWIA, NE I/4, Section dinal, 2; Mourning Dove, 1; Great Horned Dept., Baker Univ, Baldwin City, KS 66006. 28, T-14S, R-20E; 38ø48'N, 95ø12'W, Bald- Owl, 1; Hairy Woodpecker, 1; Brown win City Quadrangle, USGS. Continuity: Es- Thrasher, 1; Summer Tanager, 1; Rose- tablished 1978;4 consecutiveyears. Size: 8.1 breasted Grosbeak, 1; Ruby-throated Hum- ha = 20 acres. Coverage:May 29, 31; June 9- mingbird, +; Com. Flicker, +; Red-headed 10, 19, 24, 29; July 1, 3; between 0700-1030. Woodpecker, +. Total: 24 species;43 ter- Total man-hours: 15. Census: Tufted Tit- fitoffal males (531/km 2, 215/100 acres)

Volume 36, Number I 85 Visitors: Red-taded Hawk, Barn Swallow, tures fell within the normal range in sharp ther: Normal spnng and more than usual Com Crow, Com. Grackle, Am. Goldfinch. contrast to the drought and excessive tem- amount of rain through the summer.Cover- Remarks: Nests found: Yellow-billed Cuc- peratures during the spring and summer of age: May 31; June 5, 14, 26, 28; July 3, 5, 12, koo, Whip-poor-will (3), Downy Wood- 1980. However, ground water has not been 15, 26; Aug. 2, 23; 0700-0830. Total man- pecker, E. Wood Pewee, Wood Thrush, completely restored. Brush Creek ran in late hours: 21. Census:Rufous-sided Towhee, 9 Red-eyed Vireo, Cardinal. May and again in late June and early July. At (112, 46); Mourning Dove, 2; Black-billed other times only a few pools were found. The Magpie, 2; Scrub Jay, 1.5; Virginia's War- shortage of water must have reduced the bler, 1; Brown-headed Cowbird, 1; Green- 144. OAK-HICKORY FOREST V. -- Lo- food supplyfor somebirds. Coverage:May 6, tailed Towhee, 1; Am. Robin, 0.5; W cation:Kansas; Douglas Co.; East Beisecker 11-12, 26; June 3, 7, 21; July 3, 10, 31; 0430- Meadowlark, 0.5; Corn. Flicker, +; Corn Woods. Predominantly on the NE 1/4, NE 0930 and 1620-2050. Total man-hours: 27. Crow, +; White-breasted Nuthatch, +, 1/4, Section 35, T-14S, R-20E; 38ø48'N, Census:Acadian Flycatcher, 7 (104, 42); Car- Brewer's Blackbird, +. Total: 13 species, 95ø09'W, Baldwin City Quadrangle, USGS. dinal, 7; N. Parula, 6 (89, 36); Indigo Bunting, 18.5 territorial males (231/km 2, 941100 Continuity: Established 1978;4 consecutive 6; Yellow-billed Cuckoo, 5 (74, 30); Carolina acres). Visitors: Red-tailed Hawk, Rock years Size: 8.1 ha = 20 acres. Coverage: Chickadee, 5; Tufted Titmouse, 5; Kentucky Dove, Corn. Nighthawk, White-throated May 27, 29; June 2, 4, 6, 14, 18, 20, 27; 0630- Warbler, 5; Blue-gray Gnatcatcher, 4 (60, Swift, Broad-tailed Hummingbird, Violet- 1130 Total man-hours:25. Census:Red-eyed 24); Louisiana Waterthrush, 4; Carolina green Swallow, Starling, House Sparrow, Vireo, 5 (62, 25); Yellow-billed Cuckoo, 3 Wren, 3.5 (52, 21); Red-bellied Woodpecker, Black-headed Grosbeak, House Finch, Am (37, 15); Great Crested Flycatcher, 3; Blue 3 (45, 18); Great Crested Flycatcher, 3; Goldfinch, Lark Bunting. Remarks: Nest Jay, 3, Wood Thrush, 3; Ovenbird, 3; Downy Prothonotary Warbler, 3; Brown-headed found: Mourning Dove. The Am. Robin was Woodpecker, 2; E. Wood Pewee, 2; Black- Cowbird, 3; Ruby-throated Hummingbird, 2; far less abundantas a breedingspecies com- capped Chickadee, 2; Tufted Titmouse, 2; Downy Woodpecker, 2; White-breasted pared to last year (and most years) both on White-breastedNuthatch, 2; Kentucky War- Nuthatch, 2; White-eyed Vireo, 2; Red-eyed the plot and in the general area of north bler, 2, Brown-headed Cowbird, 2; Cardinal, Vireo, 2; Black-and-white Warbler, 2; Blue Colorado Springs, yet during very late Au- 2, Mourning Dove, 1; Whip-poor-will, 1; Jay, 1; Summer Tanager, 1; Am. Goldfinch, gust and through Septemberlarge numbers Red-bellied Woodpecker, 1; Red-headed 1. Total: 24 species; 84.5 territorial males were seen. Two breedingspecies that were Woodpecker, 1; Louisiana Waterthrush, 1; (1258/km2, 509/100 acres). Visitors:Turkey not recorded at all last year were Virginia's N Oriole, 1; Summer Tanager, 1; Rose- Vulture, Red-shouldered Hawk, Barred Warbler and Green-tailed Towhee, both of breasted Grosbeak, 1; Indigo Bunting, 1; Owl, PileatedWoodpecker, Hairy Woodpec- which seemed definitely to prefer the two Com Flicker, +; Blue-gray Gnatcatcher, ker, E. Phoebe, Corn. Crow. Remarks: The dominant shrubs, Mountain Mahogany and +, Scarlet Tanager, +. Total: 26 species;45 clearing of approximately 0.6 ha (1.5 acres) Scrub Oak.---DON VAN HORN, Dept. Btol- territorial males (556/km 2, 225/100 acres). last winter increased both the area of open- ogy, Univ. of Colorado, ColoradoSprings, Visitors: Turkey Vulture, Red-tailed Hawk, ings and the amount of edge. The Carolina CO 80907. Rough-wingedSwallow, Gray Catbird, Am. Wren continuesto increase and its popula- Goldfinch. Remarks: Nests found: Whip- tion is probably back to normal.- poor-will, Downy Woodpecker, Ovenbird, FREDERICK M. BA UMGARTNER, 149. MAPLE-BOX-ELDER CREEKBOT- Kentucky Warbler (2), Cardinal. ROGER S. LAWSON, LORI A. LANG- TOM. -- Location: Utah; Salt Lake Co., 2 5 STON, MAR YANNE B. PITTS, Little Lewis mi NE of Fort Douglas, Salt Lake City, 145. OAK-HICKORY FOREST V1. -- Lo- Whirlwind Nature School and Sanctuary, 40ø48'N, 111ø47'W, Fort Douglas Quad- cation: Kansas; Douglas Co., West Beisec- Rte. 2, Jay, OK 74346. rangle, USGS. Continuity:New. Size: 11 09 ker Woods. Predominantly on the SW 1/4, ha = 27.4 acres(irregular, following Parley's NE 1/4, Section 35, T-14S, R-30E; 38ø48'N, 147. GAMBEL'S OAK-MOUNTAIN MA- Fork and Red Butte Creeks, measuredfrom 95ø09'W, Baldwin City Quadrangle, USGS. HOGANY WOODLAND. -- Location: Col- aerial photographsand ground survey). De- Continuity: Established 1978; 4 consecutive orado; El PasoCo., T14S, R67W, SE corner scriptionof Plot: Creek bottomsdominated years Size: 8.1 ha = 20 acres. Coverage: of Sec. 16 and NE comer of Sec. 21, off the by Bigtooth Maple (Acer grandidentatum), Box-elder (Acer negundo)and Water Birch May 27, 29; June 2, 4, 6, 14, 18, 20, 27; 0630- Gold Camp Road; 38ø49'N, 104ø53'W, (Betula occidentalis). Prominentshrubs are 1130 Total man-hours:24. Census:Blue Jay, Manitou Springs Quadrangle, USGS. Con- Choke Cherry (Prunus virginiana) and Red- 4 (49, 20); Great Crested Flycatcher, 3 (37, tinuity: Established 1979; 3 consecutive osierDogwood (Comus stolonifera). Ground 15), Red-eyedVireo, 3; Ovenbird, 3; Yellow- years. Size: 18.4 ha = 45.5 acres. Description cover is grassesand creepers.A quantitative billed Cuckoo, 2; Whip-poor-will, 2; Downy of Plot: See AB 34:119 (1979). Weather: survey of the vegetationgave the following Woodpecker, 2; E. Wood Pewee, 2; Black- Much rainfall. Temperature range 75-90øF. results:Trees, 3-in. diameterand over, based capped Chickadee, 2; Tufted Titmouse, 2; Coverage:May 24; June4-6, 21, 28; July 5, on 6 tenth-acre circular samples,644/acre, White-breasted Nuthatch, 2; Wood Thrush, 18, 25-26; Aug. 8-9, 23, 30; 0700-0900or 1700- 2, Brown-headed Cowbird, 2; SummerTana- 2000. Total man-hours: 30. Census: Rufous- total basal area 59.4 ft2/acre. Species com- get, 2, Rufous-sidedTowhee, 2; Mourning sided Towhee, 14 (76, 31); Broad-tailed prisingover 90% of the total numberof trees BigtoothMaple, 288, 45, 48, 60;Water Birch, Dove, 1; Chuck-will's widow, 1; Com. Hummingbird,4 (22, 9); Am. Robin,2; Scrub 154, 24, 21, 80; Box-elder, 124, 19, 19, 80, Flicker, 1; Red-bellied Woodpecker, 1; Jay, 2; Brown-headed Cowbird, 1; Willow Gambel's Oak (Quercus gambelii), 76, 12, Hairy Woodpecker, 1; Brown Thrasher, I; and Alder Flycatcher, 1; W. Tanager, 1; Stel- 10, 40; White Fir(Abies concolor), 2, 0, 1,20 Kentucky Warbler, 1; Cardinal, 1; Great ler's Jay, +; Com. Flicker, +. Total: 9 Trees by diameter class:A (3-6 in.) 452, 70, Horned Owl, +; N. Oriole, +; Com. species; 25 territorial males (136/km2, 22.6, 38; B (6-9 in.) 160, 25, 24.0, 40; C (9-15 Grackle, +. Total: 26 species;43 territorial 55/100 acres). Visitors: Mourning Dove, in.) 32, 5, 12.8, 22. Shrub stems/acre23,083, males (531/km 2, 215/100 acres). Visitors: Black-billed Magpie, Corn. Crow, Black- groundcover 82%; canopycover 50%; aver- Red-taded Hawk, Com. Crow, Am. Robin, capped Chickadee, White-breasted age canopy height 20.5 ft (range 0-28 ft) Am Goldfinch. Remarks: Nests found: Nuthatch, Gray Catbird, EveningGrosbeak, Chuck-will's-widow, Whip-poor-will, Hairy Pine Siskin.--SHERRENE D. ST. HE- Edge:Bordered partially on the SE, SW and N by similarwoodland and on the remainder Woodpecker, Downy Woodpecker, E. LENS, 306 W. Boulder, Colorado Springs, Wood Pewee, Red-eyed Vireo, Ovenbird, CO 80905. by mountain shrub hillside, almost entirely Summer Tanager, Rufous-sidedTowhee. Gambel's Oak. Topography: Two steep- sidedcanyons, each containinga permanent 148. SCRUB OAK-MOUNTAIN MA- creek, join on the site; upstreamboth can- 146. DECIDUOUS FLOODPLAIN FOR- HOGANY WOODLAND. -- Location: Col- yons close, downstream the main canyon EST. --Location: Oklahoma; Delaware Co., orado; El Paso Co., 100 m W Dwire Hall, opens up to the W. Elevation:5600-6100 ft 4 mi S of Jay; 36ø21'N,94ø48'W, Lake Eucha Univ. of Colo. campus, Colorado Springs; Weather: June extremely wet, other dates E Quadrangle, USGS. Continuity: Estab- 38ø52'N, 104ø47'W, Pikeview Quadrangle, warm and clear. Coverage:Mar. 25; Apr. 8, hshed 1979; 3 consecutiveyears. Size: 6.7 ha USGS. Continuity: Established 1980. Size: 8 14, 25; May 1,9, 23; June1,8, 18,27; July 13, = 16 6 acres. Descriptionof Plot: See AB 34: ha = 19.77acres. DescriptionofPIot: SeeAB between dawn and 0910-1230 hrs. Total man- 53, (1980). Weather: Rainfall and tempera- 35:87 (1981). Elevation: 6400-6500ft. Wea- hours: 95. Census:Warbling Vireo, 30 (271,

86 AmericanB•rds, January 1982 109),MacGllhvray' s Warbler, 8 (72, 29), Am Mourning Dove, 3 5 (51, 21), Bewlck's cover was contributed by dead and matted Robin, 7 (63, 26); Swainson's Thrush, 7; Wren, 3.5; Brown Towhee, 3.5; Black- stems. In the herbaceouszone, plant growth Broad-tailed Hummingbird, 6 (54, 22); Yel- chinned Hummingbird, 3 (44, 18); Ash- was low and open. The cover varied 15-53% low Warbler, 5 (45, 18); Song Sparrow, 5; throated Flycatcher, 2; Hutton's Vireo, 2; (X = 35.6%) and was contributed by 29 Black-cappedChickadee, 4 (36, 15);Lazuli Brown-headed Cowbird, 2; Scrub Jay, 1.5; species. Plant cover in the shrub/subshrub Bunting,3 (27, 11); Downy Woodpecker,2; Wrentit, 1.5; Costa's Hummingbird, 1; Com. zone was estimated at 80.7% and was con- House Wren, 2; Com. Flicker, 1; Dusky Fly- Flicker, 1; NuttaWs Woodpecker, 1; Cactus tributed largely by 16 speciesincluding Bac- catcher, 1; Brown-headedCowbird, 1 (fe- Wren, 1; Cooper's Hawk, 0.5; Orange- charis glutinosa 38.1%, Melilotus albus male); Black-headedGrosbeak, 1. Total: 15 crowned Warbler, 0.5; House Finch, 0.5; 23.2%, Urtica holosericea 3.7%, Sahx species; 83 territorial males or females Red-tailed Hawk, +; Red-shouldered laevigata 3.7%, Brassica nigra 3 5%, (749/km2, 303/100 acres).Visitors: Cooper's Hawk, +; Screech Owl, +; California Nicotiana glauca 1.8%, and Salix gooddtngtt Hawk, Mourning Dove, Orange-crowned Thrasher, +. Total: 26 species;63 territorial 1.5%. Approximately 43% of the willow Warbler, W. Tanager, Rufous-sided To- males or females (915/km 2, 371/100 acres). woodland sampledhad attained a heightjust whee, Chipping Sparrow. Remarks: Nests Visitors: Turkey Vulture, Am. Kestrel, greater than 6 m; the remaining 57% vaned located: Downy Woodpecker, 2; Black- Band-tailed Pigeon, W. Wood Pewee, W. from 2m tojust lessthan 6 m. Canopyclosure cappedChickadee, 1; HouseWren, 1; Am. Flycatcher, Com. Crow, Ruby-crowned in the woodland ranged 70-95%. Plant cover Robin, 3; Swainson'sThrush, 2; Warbling Kinglet, Warbling Vireo, Wilson's Warbler, in the upper story wasjust greater than 100% Vireo, 8; Yellow Warbler, 2. The Am. Kes- Hooded Oriole, W. Tanager, Black-headed and was contributedby S. lasiolepts48 6% trel, Hairy Woodpecker,and W. Flycatcher Grosbeak, Lazuli Bunting, Lawrence's (the proportionsof the 3 speciesofwdlow are werepresent in a studyof portionsof theplot Goldfinch. Remarks:This plot adjoinsto the approximate),S. laevigata 39.4%, B gluttn- in 1971-1972.The portion of Red Butte Can- E an earlier plot (Bontrager, AB 28: 1035- osa 5.4%, S. gooddingii 4.4%, and Arundo yon includedin the plot is part of a Research 1036, 1974). 37% of the plot was burnedsix donax 3.2%. There was an average of 259 Natural Area of the Wasatch Nat'l Forest monthsprior to this survey. Nests found: 20. willow stems/100m 2 and 28 Baccharts and, hence, receives little intrusion. Our Special thanks to Mike McCrary and Bev stems/100m2. The woodland understory was thanks to the Wasatch Nat'l Forest and to Mcintosh for their help with the vegetation very sparse.Total cover contributedby the RangerJim Cook for providingus with ac- survey.--JULIA NAGATA, 1419 W. 172nd 19 species observed was only 7.3% The cess to the area. Further thanks to Lois At- Street, Gardena, CA 90247. major understory cover contributors were now of the Univ. of Utah Herbarium who Melilotus albus 3.3%, Arternisia douglastt assisted in identifying vegetation.- 151. CREEKSIDE WILLOW WOOD- 1.0%, Baccharis sprouts 0.6%, Apturn JOSHUA A. B URNS, VAUGHN LOVEJO Y LAND. -- Location: California; Orange Co., graveolens0.5%, and willow sprouts0 4% and MARK LEPPER T, Utah Audubon Soci- Aliso Creek along the NE flank of Sheep The litter layer was very thin, was comprised ety, P.O. Box 9419, Salt Lake City, UT Hills, from the N edge of a short sectionof only of leaves, and provided an average 84109. concreteand riprap near thejunction of Aliso ground cover of 77%. Only one deadfall was Creek Rd and Alicia Pkwy, N; located7.5 km encounteredalong the transects.The border- (4.5 mi) from creek mouth at the Pacific ing banks comprised a narrow transitional 150. COAST LIVE OAK RIPARIAN Ocean; 33ø33'45"N, 117ø43'W, San Juan area between the riparian and adjacent up- WOODLAND. -- Location: California, CapistranoQuadrangle, USGS. Continuity: land habitats. Plant cover on the slopesav- Orange Co., Starr Ranch Audubon Sanc- New. Size: 6.1 ha = 15 acres (sinuous belt, eraged92.6% andwas largelycontributed by tuary, in Crow Canyon,5.5 mi SE of Trabuco approximately725 m long, 40-100 m wide; 12 species including Haplopappus venetus Oaks P.O. 33ø35'30"N, 117ø33'W, Canada planimetric measurementsfor area from 39%, S. lasiolepsis18.7%, M. albus 11 3%, Gobernadora Quadrangle, USGS. Con- 1:10,500 scale aerial photo). Descriptionof and Distichlis spicata 10.1%. Edge: The S tinuity: New. Size:6.9 = 17 acres(irregular Plot: A narrow belt of willow (Salix spp.) half of the E boundaryis borderedby a paved 100 x 687 m; measuredwith tape and com- woodland and associated habitats oriented road and the groundsof the federal braiding pass). Descriptionof Plot: Part of a narrow roughly N-S. Flowing water was presentin The N half borders a grassyfield and low hill continuousriparian woodland growing along the creek duringthe entire studyperiod. The with abundantplants including Brornus mol- a streamin the bottom of Crow Canyon. A N- plot included approximately 12.4% water lis, B. diandrus, Brasslea spp., Chenopo- S dirt road runs along the E-facing edge. course,81.6% adjacentbottomlands, and 6% diurn spp. and a few widely spacedB gluttn- Dominant canopy trees are California Live steeperoded bank or low borderingslope (all osa. The W boundary borders a field of Oak (Quercusagrifolia) andCalifornia Syca- quantifieddata basedupon seven2 m wide Common Barley (Hordeurnvulgate) which Is more (Platanus racernosa). Dominant belt transects run perpendicularly across planted, harvested, and then grazed by cat- shrubs are Mulefat (Baccharis sp.), White creek at 100 m intervals along plot; total of tle. The creekside habitat continues to the N Sage (Salvia rnellifera), Chaparral Currant 872 m2 of transect). Plant cover was sparse and in patchesfor a short distanceto the S (Ribes rnalvaceurn), Laurel Sumac (Rhus within the water course and included widely Topography:The plot slopesgradually from laurina) and Coastal Sage (Arternisiatriden- spaced small clumps of Water-cress 180ft (55 m) on the N to 155ft (47 m) on the S tata). A quantitativesurvey of the vegetation (Rorippa nasturtiurn-aquaticurn), Redtop Weather: The sky was overcast on 3 visits, gave the following results: Trees, 3-in. di- (Agrostisstolonifera), Paspalurn dilataturn, otherwise clear and sunny. Temperatures ameterand over, basedon five 0.1 acre circu- and Sprangletop (Leptochloa uninervia). (estimated) varied from 46øF in the early lar samples,44/acre; total basal area 55.4 The bottomlands are described below by morning to 85ø by late morning. Coverage: ft2/acre. Speciescomprising 100% of the to- zonesthat were generallyindicated by domi- Apr. 3, 11,21; May 6, 9, 22, 29, 30; 0600-0945 tal number of trees: California Live Oak 26, nant plant cover type. These zones and the hours. Total man-hours: 24. Census:Song 64, 69, 100; California Sycamore 16, 36, 31, percent of each comprisingthe bottomlands Sparrow, 26 (428, 173); Corn. Yellowthroat, 80. Trees by diameter classsize: A (3-6 in.) 2, were reed 9.1%, barren sand fiat 5.1%, her- 13 (214, 87); Am. Goldfinch, 12 (198, 80), 9, 0.2, 1; B (6-9 in.) 4, 18, 1.2, 4; C (9-15 in.) baceous 14.7%, shrub/subshrub 18.7%, and Bushtit, 6 (99, 40); Brown-headed Cowbird, 16, 73, 12.8, 46; D (15-21 in.) 14, 64, 25.2 91; E willow woodland 52.4%. The reed zone 6 (females); Black-headed Grosbeak, 6, (21-27 in.) 6, 27, 6.2, 22; F (27-33 in.) 2, 9, 9.8, spannedthe interfaceof the water courseand Mourning Dove, 5 (82, 33); Costa's Hum- 35. Shrub stems/acre, 3400; ground cover the dry ground surface of the bottomlands. mingbird, 5; Brown Towhee, 4 (66, 27), An- 39%; canopy cover 61%; average canopy The reed belt was narrow, ranging 2.5-7.0 m na's Hummingbird, 3 (49, 20); N. Oriole, 3, height53 ft (range45-64). Edge:Continuous in width (n = 7, X = 4.7 m), highly discon- Red-winged Blackbird, 2; Blue Grosbeak, riparian woodland bordes N and S. Coastal tinuous along the creek (present in 6 of 7 1.5; Cooper's Hawk, 1; W. Wood Pewee, 1, Sage community on adjacent slopes. Wea- transects),and usually developedalong only California Thrasher, 1; Yellow-breasted ther: Cool, partly cloudy; no precipitation one side of the creek. Total plant cover was Chat, 1; W. Meadowlark, 1; House Finch, 1, with few sunny days. Coverage:Apr. 16-17, estimated at 76% and was contributed by 10 Lesser Goldfinch, 1; California Quail, +, W 25-26; May 8-9, 16-17, 23-24; 0545-1030hrs. speciesincluding Scirpus olneyi 39.3%, Ty- Kingbird, +; Black Phoebe, +. Total: 23 Total man-hours: 36. Census: House Wren, pha dorningensis25.4%, T. latifolia 8.1%, species; 99.5 territorial males or females 11 (160, 65); Rufous-sided Towbee, 7 (102, willow sprouts 1.5%, Heleocharis parishii (1639/km 2, 663/ 100 acres). Visitors: an addi- 41); Plain Titmouse,4.5 (65, 26); Bushtit,4.5; 0.8%, Sonchus oleraceus 0.4%, and Xanth- tional 45 species. Remarks: Nests found Starling, 4 (58, 24); Lesser Goldfinch, 4; iurn strurnariurn 0.3%. About half of the reed Am. Goldfinch, 5; Mourning Dove, 4, Bush-

Volume 36, Number 1 87 tit, 3, Anna's Hummingbird, 2, Costa's Hum- (B douglastO,Wild Oat (Avenafatua), Sow- ridgetop Elevation: 1950 m (6400 ft) Wea- mingbird, 1; Com. Yellowthroat, 1; Brown Thistle (Sonchus asper), Field Mustard ther: The winter was milder and drier than Towbee, 1; SongSparrow. I. Abundantsigns (Brassica rapa), and herbs of the Asteruceae the norm,followed by an earlyspring. Cover- of predatory mammalswere observedon the family. The treesranged in heightfrom 6-30 age:May 25, 29, 31;June 3, 5, 10, 14-17;0400- plot indicatingthe presenceof coyote(Canis ft, surroundedby small clearingsand dense 0800, PST. Total man-hours:27. Census:Fox latrans), raccoon (Procyon lotor), striped thickets. Weather: Temperatures 50-90øF. Sparrow,4 (47, 19);Mountain Chickadee, 3 skunk (Mephitis mephitis), bobcat (Lynx No precipitationwas recordedduring the (36, 14);Empidonax sp., 2; Dark-eyedJunco, rufus), and opossum (Didelphis mar- censusperiod. Coverage:Apr. 5, 8, 15, 22, 2; MountainBluebird, 1; Yellow Warbler, 1, suptahs).A largeflock of Red-wingedBlack- 29; May 4, 6, 10, 13, 18;0600-1000. Total, 15 Brown-headedCowbird, 1; Cassin'sFinch, birds (50+) nestedon the adjacenthillside. hours. Census:Mourning Dove, 15 (487, 1; Pine Siskin, 1; Green-tailedTowhee, 1, We thank Sharon Lockhart for assistance 197);House Finch, 9 (292, 118);Song Spar- ChippingSparrow, 1; Corn.Nighthawk, +, with the vegetationanalysis; Dave McGilliv- row, 9; Bushtit,8 (260, 105);Brewer's Black- Calliope Hummingbird, +; Williamson's ary for help; andpersonnel of the Aliso Viejo bird, 8; House Sparrow, 6 (195, 79); Am. Sapsucker,+; Hairy Woodpecker,+; W Company, particularly Ron Boru and Dan Robin, 4 (130, 53); Anna's Hummingbird,3 Wood Pewee, +; Pygmy Nuthatch, +, Kelley, for gruntingaccess to the creek and (97, 39); Mockingbird, 3; N. Oriole, 3; Ruf- Ruby-crownedKinglet, +. Total: 18species, arranging for the use of aerial photos.- ous-sidedTowhee, 2; LoggerheadShrike, 1; 18 territorial males and females(213/km 2, RICHARD ZEMBAL, GARY P. WHEEL- Am. Kestrel, +; Rock Dove, +; W. 86/100 acres). Visitors: Mourning Dove, ER, and DALE A. PIERCE, U.S. Fish and Meadowlark, +. Total: 15species; 71 territo- Corn. Flicker, White-headedWoodpecker, WddhfeService, 24000 Avila Road, Laguna rial males (2305/km2; 933/100 acres). Re- Steller's Jay, White-breasted Nuthatch, Ntguel, CA 92677. marks:Owing to the densevegetation, it was Brown Creeper, Townsend'sSolitaire, Soli- difficultto observethe hatching and fiedging, tary Vireo, Nashville Warbler, Yellow- althoughnumerous nests could be seenin the rumped Warbler, W. Tanager, Pine Gros- 152. SYCAMOREsCOAST LIVE OAK willows.--DIANE VAN DE WATER, 6421 beak. Remarks: Nests found (10): Hairy RIPARIAN WOODLAND. -- Location: Cali- Via Canada, Rancho Palos Verdes, CA Woodpecker,1; Olive-sidedFlycatcher, 1, fornia, Orunge Co., on the Ronald W. Cas- 90274. MountainChickadee, 3; MountainBluebird, pers Regional Park in Bell Canyon, 6.1 mi 1; Yellow Warbler, 1; Dark-eyedJunco, 2, from Trubuco Oaks Post Office; 33ø35'N, 154. BURNED PINE--FIR FOREST. --Lo- ChippingSparrow. 1. We thank M.P. Yoder- 117034' W, Canada Gobernadora Quad- cation: California; Nevada Co., Sagehen Williams, C. Kellner, and D. Hall for assist- rangle,USGS. Continuity: Established1977; Creek Field Station, 6 km NW of Hobart ance in censusing.--ROGER D. HARRIS 2 intermittent years. Size: 7.2 ha = 17.8 Mills; 39ø26'N, 120ø14'W, Truckee Quad- and MARTIN G. RAPHAEL, Sagehen acres Descriptionof Plot: See AB 32:84-85 rangle,USGS. Continuity:New. (first time in Creek Field Station, Dept. of Forestry and (1978) Weather: Moderate temperatures AB, 9 times intermittently since 1966; see Resource Management, Univ. of Calif., with early morning and late afternoon low references in Mature Pine-Fir Forest, Cen- Berkeley, CA. 94720. clouds and fog throughoutcensus period. susNo. 151).Size: 8.4 ha = 20.9acres(213 x Coverage: Apr. 23-29; May 5, 17, 24; from 396 m, measuredwith transit and tape). De- dawn- 1130 and 1600-1800. Total man-hours: scription of Plot: Burned by a severe crown 155. MATURE PINE--FIR FOREST. -- 67 Census:California Quail, 10 (139, 56); fire in 1960; all overstory trees were killed Location:California; Nevada Co., Sagehen House Wren, 10; Rufous-sidedTowhee, 6 except a narrow band of mature trees along Creek Field Station, 6.5 km NW of Hobart (83, 34), Starling, 5 (69, 28); Ash-throated one end of the plot. The vegetationis domi- Mills; 39ø26'N, 120ø14'W,Truckee Quad- Flycatcher, 4 (56, 22); Brown Towhee, 4; nated by dense brush, primarily Tobacco rangle,USGS. Continuity:New (firsttime in ScrubJay, 3 (42, 17);Cactus Wren, 3; Corn. Brush(Ceanothus velutinus), Squaw Carpet AB, 9 times intermittently since 1966; 1966- Fhcker, 2; W. Kingbird, 1;Wrentit, 1; Lesser (C. prostratus), Greenleaf Manzanita (Arc- 68 censusesin Bock and Lynch (1970),Con- Goldfinch, 1. Unconfirmed breeders: Kill- tostaphylospatula), currant (Ribes sp.), and dor 72: 182-189; 1975 censusin Bock et al deer, Mourning Dove, Poor-will, Nuttall's by natural regenerutionof Jeffery Pine (Pinus (1978), Wilson Bull. 90:119-123; 1977census Woodpecker, Acorn Woodpecker. Visitors: jeffreyi), and Lodgepole Pine (P. murray- in Raphael (1980) PhD Diss., Univ. Calif Black-chinned Hummingbird, Plain Tit- ana). Standing dead trees are numerous, but Berk.). Size: 8.4 ha = 20.9 acres(213 x 396 mouse, Bushtit, Hooded Oriole, House currently represent only 11% of the number m, measuredwith transitand tape). Descrip- Finch Total: 17 species;50 territorial males standingin 1960.A quantitativesurvey of the tion of Plot: An old-growth coniferousforest or females(694/100 ha, 281/100 acres). Re- vegetation gave: Live trees 7.6 cm (3 in.) undisturbedsince removal of a few larger marks: Heavy rains in 1978-79caused severe diameter and over, based on point-quarter trees in 1930s.Dominant overstory trees in- erosion to the stream removing available analysisof 192trees, 123per ha (50 per acre); clude White Fir (Abies concolor), Jeffrey habitat A large brushfire in 1980occurred in total basal area 5.9 m2 per ha (25.6 ft2 per Pine(Pinusjeffreyi), Lodgepole Pine (P. con- the Starr RanchAudubon Sanctuary N of the acre). Dead trees, based on total count, 28 torta), SugarPine (P. lambertiana), and Red plot Specialthanks to David Bontruger.-- per ha (11 per acre); total basal area 1.5 m2 Fir (A. magnifica). Understory shrubs are PATRICIA A. FLANAGAN and KENT C. per ha (6.5 ft 2 per acre). Speciescomprising sparse; species include Squaw Carpet ARMSTRONG, Dept. of Biol., Calif. State 90% of the total numberof live trees(figures (Ceanothusprostratus), Tobacco Brush (C Umv , Long Beach, CA 90840. after eachare numberof treesper ha (number velutinus), Chinquapin (Castanopsissem- per acre), relative density(%), relative domi- pervirens),and Snowberry(Symphoricarpos nance (%), frequency (%), in that order): sp.). A quantitativesurvey of the vegetation 153. WILLOW-RIPARIAN. -- Location: Jeffrey Pine 90 (36), 73, 35, 98; Lodgepole gave: Live trees 7.6 cm (3 in.) diameterand California;Los AngelesCo., Rolling Hills. Pine 21 (9), 17, 1, 33. Live trees by diameter over, based on point-quarteranalysis of 192 Bordered by Palos Vetdes Dr. E, Palos class(figures after each are number of trees trees, 805 per ha (326 per acre); total basal Verdes Dr. N. MontecilloDr., and a golf per ha (number per acre), relative density area 41.3 m: per ha (180 ft2 per acre). Dead course Continuity: New. Size: 3.08 ha = (%), basal are in m: per ha (ft: per acre), trees,based on a totalcount, 33 per ha (13per 7 61 acres. Descriptionof Plot: Densewillow relativedominance (%)): A (3-6 in.) 101(41), acre); basal area 5.2 m: per ha (22.5 ft2per and shrub vegetationin small canyon be- 82, 1.0 (4.4), 18; B (6-9 in.) 1, (0.5), 0.3 (1.3), acre). Species comprising90% of the total tween field of wild oats and golf course. 1; C (9-15 in.) 6 (2), 5, 0.4 (1.7), 8; D (15-21 in.) number of live trees (figures after each are Approximately20% of plot was under 6-10 10(4), 8, 1.6 (7.0), 28; E (21-27in.) 5 (2), 4, 1.3 number of trees per ha (number per acre), in of water at start of coverage,decreasing (5.7), 23; F (27-33 in.) 1 (0.4), 1, 0.6 (2.6), 11; relativedensity (%), relativedominance (%), to 5% Dominant trees are Elder (Sambucus G (33-47 in.) 1 (0.4), 0.5, 0.7 (2.9), 12. Shrub frequency (%), in that order): White Fir 415 caerulea),Red Willow (Salix laevigata),and cover43%; ground cover 85%, canopycover (168), 52, 34, 85; Jeffrey Pine 336 (136), 42, BlackWillow (S. gooddingiivariabilis). The 7%; averagecanopy height 4.2 m (range0-10 61, 77. Trees by diameter class(figures after shrubs included Wild Radish (Raphanus m). Edge: Bordered on 1 side by burned eachare numberof treesper ha (numberper satira), Curly Dock (Rumex crispus),To- forest with standing snags, on 2 sides by acre), relative density (%), basal area in m2 mato (Lycopersiconesculentum), Cocklebur burned forest on which all snagswere cut, per ha (ft2 per acre), relativedominance (%): (Xanthtum strumarium),Ox Tongue (Picris and on I side by unburned pine-fir forest. A (3-6 in.) 443 (179), 55, 4.5 (19.6), 11;B (6-9 echtodes),Mule Fat (Baccharisglutinosa), Topography: Essentially flat on broad in.) 121(49), 15, 3.4 (14.8), 8; C (9-15 in.) 137

88 AmericanBirds, January 1982 (55), 17, 10 0 (43 6), 24, D (15-21 in ) 64 (26), Franktown, on Highway 86, 39ø20'N, will and Poor-will Visitors: White-throated 8, 10.5 (45.8), 25; E (21-27 in.) 32 (13), 4, 9.3 104ø40'W, Elizabeth Quadrangle, USGS. Swift, Rivoli's Hummingbird, Belted (40.5), 23; F (27-33 in.) 8 (3), 1, 3.6 (15.7), 9. Continuity:Established 1967; 15 consecutive Kingfisher, Ash-throated Flycatcher, Violet- Shrub cover 17%; ground cover 4%; canopy years. Size: 8.09 ha = 20 acres. Weather: A green Swallow and Com. Raven. Remarks: cover 75%; average canopy height 71.3 ft very hot summeragain, above normal, with 24 nests located, including 9 Black-chlnned (range56-95 ft). Edge: Borderedon all sides 39 days over 90øF(normal is 31 days). Cover- Hummingbirdsand 1 Elf Owl. A territorial ct by similar forest. Topography: Essentially age: 9 trips in June, July and August; hours Coppery-tailed Trogon was unmated There flat on a broad ridgetop. Elevation: 6400 ft. 0800-2080 hours. Total man-hours: 55. Cen- were at least 4 more males than females in the Weather: The winter was milder and drier sus: W. Bluebird, 15 (185, 75); Broad-tailed Chiricahua Mountain canyons on the S side than the norm, followed by an early spring. Hummingbird, 3 (37, 15); White-breasted during the summer, an unusual situation A Coverage: May 26-27, 29, 31; June 3, 5, 10, Nuthatch, 3; House Finch, 2; Lesser pair of breedingIndigo Buntings was surpris- 14-17; 0400-0850 hours, PST. Total man- Goldfinch, 2; Chipping Sparrow, 2; Hairy ing, and there were sightingsto indicateother hours: 28. Census:Empidonax sp., 3 (35, 14); Woodpecker, 1; Black-headedGrosbeak, 1; breedingpairs downstreamin the canyon In Yellow-rumped Warbler, 2; Red-breasted Red Crossbill, 1; Rufous-sided Towhee, 1; former years, only an occasionalmale has Nuthatch, 1.5; Brown Creeper, 1.5; Town- Gray-headedJunco, 1. Total: 11 species;32 been seen. Brown-headed Cowbirds were send's Solitaire, 1.5; Golden-crowned King- territorial males (395/km2; 160/100 acres). numerous, but no attempt was made to esti- let, 1.5; W. Tanager, 1.5; Dark-eyed Junco, Visitors: Turkey Vulture, Cooper's Hawk, mate the population of these non-territorial I 5; Am. Robin, 1; Hermit Thrush, 1; Cas- Band-tailed Pigeon, Mourning Dove, Rufous birds. One cowbird fledglingwas fed by an sln's Finch, 1; WilliamsoWsSapsucker, 0.5; Hummingbird, Corn. Flicker, W. Wood adult Painted Redstart and another by a Soli- Steller's Jay, 0.5; Black-backed Three-toed Pewee, Steller's Jay, Black-billed Magpie, tary Vireo. This censusshows an increasein Woodpecker, +; Pine Siskin, +. Total: 15 Corn. Crow, Black-capped Chickadee, total speciesand in the densityof territorial species; 18 territorial males (213/km2, Mountain Chickadee,Pygmy Nuthatch, Am. birds over the previous report, perhapsbe- 86/100 acres). Visitors:Mountain Quail, Cal- Robin, Solitary Vireo, Virginia's Warbler, causeof an increasedknowledge/experience liope Hummingbird, White-headed Wood- Brown-headedCowbird, W. Tanager, Lark and more hours spenton censustrips Each pecker, Hairy Woodpecker, Ruby-crowned Sparrow, Brewer's Sparrow. Remarks: 15 census trip involved about 5 hours, and be- Kinglet, Solitary Vireo, Yellow Warbler, W. Bluebirds in 15 boxes; 3 White-breasted causeby 0900 it is already hot, bird actlvlty MacGillivray's Warbler, Brown-headed Nuthatches in 3 boxes. MILDRED O. declinedsharply. It proved a wise procedure Cowbird, Evening Grosbeak, Red Crossbill. SNYDER, 161 Del Mar Circle, Aurora, CO to divide trips into 2 days to take advantage Remarks: Nests found (4): Red-breasted 80011. of the optimum early morning time. This is Nuthatch, 1; Yellow-rumped Warbler, 1; Forest Service land with a campgroundon Mountain Chickadee, 2. We thank M.P. both the N and S boundaries. For several Yoder-Williams, C. Kellner, and D. Hall for years there was a trend toward increased assistancein censusing.--ROGER D. HAR- 158. RIPARIAN WOODLAND-LIVE activity for recreational uses, especially RIS and MARTIN G. RAPHAEL, Sagehen OAK-JUNIPER. -- Location: Arizona; camping, but for each of the last 2 years, Creek Field Station, Dept. of Forestry and Cochise Co., 3 mi SW of Portal, extending there have been fewer peoplein the camps Resource Management, Univ. of Calif., 0.5 mi along Cave Creek of the Chiricahua (1981): Weather: Dry, hot. Coverage:May 6- Berkeley, CA 94720. Mountains from Stewart Forest Service 7, 9, 11, 19, 29-30; June 9-12; 0510-1100, Campupstream to N boundaryof SunnyFlat MST. Total man-hours: 36. Census: W 156. PONDEROSA PINE-SCRUB OAK Camp; 31ø54'N, 109ø10'W, Portal Quad- Wood Pewee, 21 (231, 93); Black-chlnned FOREST. -- Location: Colorado; El Paso rangle, USGS. Continuity:Established 1978; Hummingbird, 19 (209, 84); Black-throated Co., U.S. Air ForceAcademy; 500 m W ofjct 3 intermittent years. Size: 9.11 ha = 22.5 Gray Warbler, 10 (110, 44); Rufous-sided of Monument Creek and W Monument, acres. Descriptionof Plot: See AB 33:84-5 Towhee, 10; Wied's Crested Flycatcher, 8 5 38ø57'N, 104ø50'W, Pikeview Quadrangle, (1979). Weather:Dry in May, June;rains on (93, 38); White-breastedNuthatch, 8 (88, 36), USGS. Continuity:Established 1980. Size: 12 July 2 and 9. Temperatureswere over 90øF Olivaceous Flycatcher, 7.5 (82, 33); Acorn ha = 29.65acres. Description of Plot:SeeAB on 11 trips. Coverage:(1980) May 22-23, 27, Woodpecker, 7 (77, 31); Bewick's Wren, 7, 35:88 (1981).Weather: Last officialsnowfall 30; June 2, 4-5, 7-8, 11-12, 17-18, 23-24, 30; Solitary Vireo, 7; Lucy's Warbler, 6 (66, 27), wasMay 18. Temperature:30-92øF. Hail was July 1, 9-10, 1980;0530-1200 and 1615-1730, Arizona Woodpecker,4 (44, 18); Bridled Tit- recordedtwice in May and oncein July. The MST. Total man-hours: 54. Census: W. mouse, 4; Hutton's Vireo, 4; Warbhng period was wetter and cooler than average Wood Pewee, 16.5 (181, 73); Rufous-sided Vireo, 4; Am. Robin, 3 (33, 13); Painted with 28 days experiencingthunderstorms. Towbee, 14 (154, 62); Black-throated Gray Redstart, 3; Black-headed Grosbeak, 3, Cas- Coverage:June 9, 18, 23, 27; July 2, 4, 7, 17, Warbler, 11(121,49); Bridled Titmouse, 10.5 sin's Kingbird, 2.5; Rivoli's Hummingbird, 27; Aug. 1; 0530-0730. Total man-hours: 20. (115, 47); Black-chinned Hummingbird, 10 2; Blue-throated Hummingbird, 2; Mexican Census:W. Wood Pewee, 6 (50, 20); Chip- (ll0, 44); White-breasted Nuthatch, 9 (99, Jay, 2; Sulphur-bellied Flycatcher, 1 5, ping Sparrow,4 (33, 13);Rufous-sided Tow- 40); Acorn Woodpecker,7 (77, 31); Olivace- Cooper's Hawk, 1; Coppery-tailedTrogon, bee, 3.5 (29, 12); Corn. Nighthawk, 3 (25, 10); ous Flycatcher, 7; Solitary Vireo, 7; Lucy's 1; Corn. Flicker, 1; Bushtit, 1; Cation Wren, Am. Robin, 2; Solitary Vireo, 2; Mourning Warbler, 7; Bewick's Wren, 6.5 (71, 29); 1; Scott's Oriole, 1; W. Tanager, 1; Hepatic Dove, 1; Broad-tailed Hummingbird, 1; HuttoWs Vireo, 6 (66, 27); Arizona Wood- Tanager, 1; Black Phoebe, 0.5; Turkey, +, Hairy Woodpecker,1; MountainChickadee, pecker, 4.5 (49, 20); Wied's Crested Fly- Mourning Dove, +; Virginia's Warbler, +, 1, Pygmy Nuthatch, 1; Red Crossbill, 1; catcher, 4.5; Am. Robin, 4 (44, 18); Warbling Mexican Junco, +. Total: 36 species,154 5 Great Horned Owl, 0.5. Total: 13 species;27 Vireo, 4; Painted Redstart, 4; Grace's War- territorial males or female hummingbirds territorial males (225/km:, 91/100 acres). bler, 3.5 (38, 16); Blue-throated Humming- (1697/km2, 687/100 acres). Visitors: Band- Visitors: Corn. Flicker, Violet-green Swal- bird (female), 3 (33, 13);Lesser Goldfinch,3; tailed Pigeon, White-throated Swift, Violet- low, Steller'sJay, Black-cappedChickadee, Bushtit, 2.5; Cation Wren, 2.5; White- green Swallow, Com. Raven, Rufous- Townsend's Solitaire, Yellow-breasted winged Dove, 2; Com. Flicker, 2; Mexican crowned Sparrow. Remarks: No estimate Chat, Brown-headedCowbird, Lazuli Bunt- Jay, 2; Hepatic Tanager,2; Scott'sOriole, 2; was attempted of the non-territorial Brown- ing, House Finch, Pine Siskin, Am. Black-headedGrosbeak, 2; Cooper'sHawk, headed Cowbirds. 35 nests were located of Goldfinch, Lesser Goldfinch, Dark-eyed 1; Mourning Dove, 1; Elf Owl, 1; Coppery- which 19were Black-chinnedHummingbirds Junco, Gray-headedJunco. Remarks:Nests tailed Trogon, 1; Cassin'sKingbird, 1; Her- with a large number clustered near the nest- found: Com. Nighthawk, 3. Thanks to mit Thrush, 1; Virginia's Warbler, 1; W. ing Cooper's Hawk, not an unusual occur- JosephE. Toole and RussellDeFusco for Tanager, 1; Indigo Bunting, 1; Rufous- rence in SE Arizona. There were 2 pairs of assistance.---JOHNW. OBRINGER and crowned Sparrow, 1; Mexican Junco, 1; Coppery-tailedTrogons, one at each end of CHARLES A. CHASE II1, Denver Museum Black Phoebe, 0.5; Band-tailed Pigeon, +; the plot where the respectivemales were on of Natural History, Denver, CO 80205. Sulphur-bellied Flycatcher, +. Total: 42 territorial patrol and/or foraging.--HARR1- species; 170.5 territorial males or females ETTE W. BARKER (compiler), A.J. CLA Y, 157. PONDEROSA PINE-SCRUB OAK- (1872/km2, 758/100 acres). No censuswas CAROL deWAARD, RUTH R. OGDEN, MT. MAHOGANY WOODLAND. -- Loca- taken at night, but the following were heard: ELSIE ROSE, STEPHEN M. RUSSELL, tion: Colorado; Douglas Co., 1 mi E of Whiskered Owl, Spotted Owl, Whip-poor- 5302 $. Missiondale Rd., Tucson, AZ85706

Volume 36, Number 1 89 159. MOUNTAIN MEADOW AND OPEN little snow, the spring and summer months Black-capped Chickadee, Starling, House CONIFEROUS FOREST. -- Location: Col- were unusually wet, producing luxuriant Sparrow, Brewer's Blackbird, Brown- orado, Boulder Co., 7 mi SW of Boulder, growth in the meadow.There wasgenerally a headed Cowbird, N. Oriole, W. Tanager, access via County Rd 77 (Flagstaff-Gross breeze and afternoon showers were com- House Finch, Green-tailed Towhee. Re- Reservoirrd), near Kosslet Lake; SW 1/4 of mon. Normally the area is dry and typical of marks: There seemed to be evidence of non- NE 1/4, Sec. 10, T1S, R71W; 39ø58'12"N, Colorado's arid climate in the foothills. breeding males for both the Red-winged 105020' 16"W, EldoradoSprings Quadrangle, Coverage:Apr. 17-18, 24; May4, 10, 16, 25, Blackbird and Am. Goldfinch. Special USGS Continuity: New. Size: About 13 ha 27, 30; June 6-7, 9, 13-14, 17, 20-21, 28; July thanks to Donald Van Horn for his assistance = 32 acres.Description of Plot:60% meadow 1-4, 13-15; 0630-1030 or 1600-2000. Total with all phases of this report.--MARK with a few scatteredtrees; 40% open conifer- man-hours: 101. Census:Am. Robin, 6 (46, JONES, 803 S. Cascade, Colorado Springs, ous forest. Meadow has not been grazed for 19); Chipping Sparrow, 6; Yellow-rumped CO 80903. past 8 years. Forested portion can be split Warbler, 5 (39, 16); Gray-headed Junco, 5; into 3 distinctareas, depending on the way in Tree Swallow, 4 (31, 13); House Wren, 4; 161. CAMPGROUND IN OLD OR- which the Ponderosa Pines infested with Pine Siskin, 4; Mountain Chickadee, 3 (23, CHARDS. -- Location: Utah, Washington Mountain Pine Beetle were treated during 9); Mountain Bluebird, 3; Violet-green Swal- Co., Zion Nat'l Park, Watchman Camp- the last 5 years: (1) infested trees cut with low, 2; Vesper Sparrow, 2; Barn Swallow, 1; ground, loopsA, B & C; 37ø12'N, 113000'W, selectedthinning and sprayingof live trees, White-breasted Nuthatch, I; Pygmy Zion Nat'l Park TopographicMap (Zion Can- (2) all trees sprayed,no cutting, dead timber Nuthatch, 1; Townsend's Solitare, 1; Brew- yon Section), USGS. Size: 10.1 ha = 25 left standingor fallen, (3) no cuttingor spray- er's Blackbird, 1; W. Tanager, 1; Lesser acres. Continuity: New. Descriptionof Plot: ing, dead timber left standing or fallen. Goldfinch, 1; Blue Grouse, 0.5; Corn. Flick- See AB 36 (1) 00, this issue. Weather: May County Rd 77 borders S sideof plot, W and N er, 0.5; Hairy Woodpecker, 0.5; Virginia's rainfall above average, with temperatures sides are open forest, center and E side are Warbler, 0.5; Black-headed Grosbeak, 0.5; below normal; June and early July hotter meadow. Narrow dirt access road runs Red-breasted Nuthatch, +. Total: 24 than average, with the only rain on June 29 through property. About half the area is species; 53.5 territorial males or females Coverage:May 1, 3, 10, 15, 22, 31; June7, 14, fenced Three summer homes, occupied in- (413/km 2, 167/100 acres). Visitors: Turkey 21, 27; July 5, 11; 0550-0845, MDT. Total termittently, and 1 year-'round house are Vulture, Mourning Dove, Pygmy Owl, Corn. man-hours: 28.8. Census: Am. Robin, 11 located on edgesof plot, with someoutbuild- Nighthawk, Broad-tailed Hummingbird, (109, 44); House Sparrow, 9 (89, 36); War- ings More meadow has been created by RufousHummingbird, Downy Woodpecker, bling Vireo, 8 (79, 32); Yellow Warbler, 8; N thinningof timber and it comprisesthe larger Steller'sJay, Corn. Raven, Corn. Crow, Her- Oriole, 7 (69, 28); Black-headedGrosbeak, 5 part of the plot. The dominant canopy trees mit Thrush, Ruby-crowned Kinglet, War- (49, 20); Lesser Goldfinch,4 (40, 16); Black- are Ponderosa Pine (Pinus ponderosa), bling Vireo, W. Meadowlark, Red Crossbill. chinned Hummingbird, 3 (30, 12); Starling, 3, comprising50% of canopy, most averaging Remarks: Migration seemedslow in 1981and Brown-headedCowbird, 2; House Finch, 2, 10 in dbh, although some are 18-24 in. territorieswere not generallyestablished un- Mourning Dove, 1; Com. Flicker, 1; Hairy Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) com- til mid-or late May; nesting is normally later Woodpecker, 1; Downy Woodpecker, 1, prise 30% of canopy, most 6-10 in. diameter. at this elevation than on the plains. Special Black-cappedChickadee, 1; Solitary Vireo, Many have been destroyed by spruce bud- thanks to Mary Jane Schock for assist- 1; Spotted Sandpiper, 0.5; Black Phoebe, worm or were thinned, especiallyon N edge ance. HELEN J. STILES-WAINWRIGHT 0.5; W. Wood Pewee, 0.5; Lazuli Bunting, of plot Limber Pine (P. flex#is) comprise and ARTHUR WAINWRIGHT, 150 S. 36th 0.5. Total: 21 species;70 territorial males or 20% of canopy,unusual at this altitude,3-10 Street, Boulder, CO 80303. females (692/km2, 280/100 acres). Visitors: in dbh, was not affectedby the beetle. Much Am. Kestrel, Band-tailed Pigeon, Belted of forest area has new growth emergingin all Kingfisher, Yellow-bellied Sapsucker,Say's three species. Dominant shrubs are Buck- Phoebe, Violet-green Swallow, W. Tanager, brush (Ceanothus fendleri), Corn. Juniper 160. URBAN CAT-TAIL MARSH AND Am. Goldfinch. Remarks: On censusdays (Jumperus communis), Kinnikinnick (Arc- COTTONWOOD WOODLAND. -- Loca- campers totaled 4538, or 95.6% of tostaphylos uva-ursi), Oregon Grape tion: Colorado; E1 Paso Co., T14S, R66W, campground capacity, for an average of 378 (Mahotnia repens), Sagebrush (Artemisia SW of the center of Sec. 19 at the NW corner (3736/km2, 1512/100 acres). Band-tailedPi- frtgtda and A. ludoviciana), and W. Choke of the intersection of Fountain Creek and geons and W. Tanager, summerresidents on Cherry (Prunus virginiana). Major grasses Tejon St.; 38ø49'N, 104ø49'W, Colorado the Zion plateaus,dropped down to the low- include Cheat Grass (Bromus tectorum) Springs Quadrangle, USGS. Continuity: lands to feed on mulberries and cherries in which is phasingout as pastureregenerates, new. Size: 3.5 ha = 8.65 acres (rectangle 100 the campground.The Black Phoebesnested Squirreltail (Sitanion hystrix), Mountain x 350 m, surveyedwith chain alonga natu- in a culvert 50 yds from the plot, but fed Muhly (Muhlenbergia montana), Needle rally occurringtrail). Edge:E and W sidesof exclusively along the river at the SW cor- Grass (Stipa spp.), Timothy (Phleum the grid are continuationsof the woodland ner.--JEROME L. GIFFORD, P.O. Box 85, pratense), Smooth Brome (Bromopsisiner- community. The S border lies adjacent to Springdale, UT84767. mrs pumpelliana), and several species of freeway entrance and exit ramps and urban Wheat Grass (Agropyron spp.). Meadows development.Commercial buildings lie adja- are a wild flower garden from May to Sep- cent to the N border. Topography:A rela- 162. SLICKROCK-PONDEROSA PINE- tember Edge:Continuation ofmeadowon E, tively level area with a raised walking path PYGMY FOREST-CHAPARRAL. -- Loca- continuation of open forest on N and W, runningalong the N edge. Elevation:5910 ft. tion: Utah, WashingtonCo., Zion Nat'l Park, acrossCounty Rd 77 more meadow and Kos- Weather: May was cool with above normal unsurveyed area along Zion-Mt. Carmel sler Lake on S. Extreme N edgeadjoins area precipitationfor the month. Normal spring highway, with S center of plot at the con- which has not been cut or sprayedand there and summer weather, with intermittent fluence of Pine and Clear Creeks, is a jumble of dead timber, somedown, some afternoon showers. Coverage: May 16, 20, 37ø12'53"N, 112ø56'04"W; Zion Nat'l Park standing, intermixed with live trees. This 23, 26, 28, 30; June 2, 4, 6, 9, 12, 16, 19, 23; TopographicMap (Zion Canyon Section), edge is very steep mountainside with little July 2, 9, 28; Aug. 14; 0630-0800. Total man- USGS. Continuity: Established 1980. Size: public access.Topography: Generally rather hours: 27. Census:Red-winged Blackbird, 10 16.19 ha = 40 acres. Descriptionof Plot: See flat, rising to the ridge which runs to a point (286, 116); SongSparrow, 10; Rock Dove, 4 AB 35:91-92 (1981). Weather: May rainfall and drops steeply on 3 sides, forming a small (114, 46); Am. Robin, 2; Mallard, 1; Killdeer, above average, with temperatures below divide and the beginning of several drain- 1; Spotted Sandpiper,1; Black-billedMag- normal; June and July hotter than average, ages There is a small marshy area but no pie, 1; W. Meadowlark,1; Am. Goldfinch,1; with heavy rains on June 29, July 12 and 16 running streams.Springs are presentin the Mourning Dove, 0.5; Belted Kingfisher,0.5; Coverage:May 3, 17, 24, 31; June6, 12, 19, meadow to the E outside of survey area. Cliff Swallow, +; Com. Crow, +; Com. 28; July 3, 12, 18; 0545-1005, MDT. Total Granite, quartz and feldspar outcrops occur Yellowthroat, +; Com. Grackle, +. Total: man-hours:31.9. Census:Bushtit, 9 (56, 23), throughout the plot. Elevation: 7700 ft, ex- 16 species;33 territorial males (943/km2; Black-throated Gray Warbler, 5 (31, 13), cept N portionwhich drops to 7600ft at edge. 382/100 acres). Visitors: Am. Kestrel, Cassin's Finch, 5; Rufous-sidedTowhee, 5, Weather: During census period, tempera- Broad-tailed Hummingbird, Com. Flicker, hummingbirds (Black-chinned and Broad- tures 40-85øF. After a very dry winter with Hairy Woodpecker, Violet-green Swallow, tailed), 4 (25, 10); White-breastedNuthatch,

90 AmericanBirds, January1982 4; Plain Titmouse, 3 (19, 8); Gray Vireo, 3; Rock Wren, 2; Brown-headed Cowbird, 2; Lesser Goldfinch, 2; Ash-throated Fly- catcher, 1.5; Com. Flicker, 1; W. Wood Pewee, I; Cation Wren, I; Blue-gray Gnat- catcher, I. Total: 17 species;49.5 territorial • - males and females (306/km:, 124/100 acres). Visitors: Cooper's Hawk, White-throated Swift, Violet-green Swallow, Com. Raven, House Finch. Remarks: Bushtits nested early, with flocks of young roamingthe plot on June 6. Rufous-sided Towhee, new this year, was expected last year, but was not found; the speciesis increasingafter being scarce for several years. Two • Black- chinned Hummingbirds were displaying on June 19; the plot is about 1000ft above their usualrange at Zion. Also new this year were both wren species, Blue-gray Gnatcatcher and Lesser Goldfinch.--JEROME L. GIF- FORD, P.O. Box 85, Springdale, UT84767.

163. SCATTERED MIXED CONIFER- OUS FOREST 1N SUBALPINE MEADOWS AND SPRUCE BOGS. -- Location: Oregon; Grant Co., Bates, tA mile E. of Indian Rock Br•ding Bird Census162, Upper Pine Creek in Zion Nat'l Park.Photo/Jerome G•ord. Lookout; 44ø45'N, 118ø45'W, Desolation Butte Quadrangle, USGS. Continuity: Es- to the ocean. Dominant plants are: Ice Plant the plot. A sand movement study showed tablished 1973; 9 consecutive years. Size: (Mesembryanthemum chilense) on the pri- that the primary dune is growing at the rate of 32.38 ha = 80 acres. Descriptionof Plot: See mary dune (the dune closest to the beach); 2-5 cm/year, but is subject to occasional AB 27:1002-1003 (1973). Weather: Tempera- Beach Sagewort (Artemisia pycnocephala) erosion in winter. The other dunes have re- tures 30-64øF;clear on 8, partly cloudy on 1 on the secondary dune; and Mock Heather mained stable over the past year. Elevation: census. Rainfall amounted to 1.10 in during (Haplopappus ericoides) on the tertiary 1-17 m. Weather: Exceptionally mild all period June 28-July 3 I. Fall and winter pre- dunes. Other plants are dominant in re- spring.Prevailing NW wind lessfrequent and cipitation was below normal but springpre- stricter niches: Sand Bluestem (Poa doug- severe than normal. Fog less frequent than cipitationwas well above. Coverage:June 28- lasii) in dry slacks between secondary and normal. Rainfall slightly below normal for 29; July 1, 3-4, 6, 8, 10. 18; 0546-0752hours, tertiary dunes; Live-forever (Dudleya farin- the year, with only trace amountsduring the PDST. Total man-hours: 17. Census:Chip- osa) at exposed locations in the tertiary study period. Coverage:Mar. 25, 31; Apr. 1, ping Sparrow, 15 (46, 19); Cassin'sFinch, 9 dunes; Foxtail Fescue (Festuca megalura) in 11; May 1, 13-14; June 14, 24, 28; 0600-1200 (28, 11); White-crowned Sparrow, 7 (22, 9); dry areas along the back edge of the dunes; and 1600-1930 hours. Total man-hours: 23. Ruby-crowned Kinglet, 5 (15, 6); Yellow- and Slough Sedge (Carex obnupta) in wet Censns:California Quail, 12 (128, 52); Be- rumped Warbler, 5; Am. Robin, 3 (9, 4); areas in the back dunes. Speciesaccounting wick's Wren, II (117, 47); House Finch, 9 LincoLn'sSparrow, 3; Fox Sparrow,2; Com. for 90% of the total cover, followed by: 1) Flicker, I; Mountain Chickadee, 1; Moun- (96, 39); White-crowned Sparrow, 8 (85, 34); Mourning Dove, 5 (53, 22); SavannahSpar- tain Bluebird, I. Total: l I species;52 territo- averagecover (%), 2) relative frequency(%), rial males (161/km 2, 65/100 acres). Visitors: 3) average distance from mean high tide of row, 4 (43, 17); Horned Lark, 2; Mocking- sample sites containing the species (m), 4) bird, 2; Red-wingedBlackbird, 2; Mallard, I; Steller's Jay, Clark's Nutcracker, Pine Sis- standard deviation of these distances: Loggerhead Shrike, 1. Total: 11 species;57 kin, Red Crossbill, Dark-eyed Junco. Re- Shrubs: Mock Heather, 19.8, 52, 175, 76; territorial males or females (607/km :, marks: Nests found: Com. Flicker, 1; Moun- Beach Sagewort, 3.9, 24, 49, 23; Golden Yar- 246/100 acres). Visitors: White-tailed Kite, tain Bluebird, I; Census showed a slight rise row (Eriophy!!um staechadifolium), 2.4, 10, Red-tailed Hawk, Marsh Hawk, Snowy in territorial males for the secondyear, from 123, 32; Pacific Blackberry (Rubus ursinus), Plover, W. Gull, Allen's Hummingbird, Barn 48 in 1980to 52. I am gratefulto the Malheur 1.9, 5, 282, 66; Tibinagua (Eriogonum Swallow, Cliff Swallow, Com. Crow, Nat'l Forest Staff for their cooperation.- Orange-crowned Warbler, W. Meadowlark, ROBERTA. HUDSON, P.O. Box 81, Bates, !atifolium), 0.7, 16, 237, 75. Total vegetative Brewer's Blackbird. Remarks: The distribu- OR 97817. cover was 77%; shrubs31%, herbaceousper- ennials 21%, and annuals 25%; bare sand tion of birds reflected the vegetation zona- 29%; 78 plant specieswere found; 12 shrubs, tion. Savannah Sparrows and Horned Larks 164. STABLE COASTAL SAND DUNES. 31 herbaceous perennials, and 35 annuals held territories in the short vegetation on the -- Location: California; Monterey Co., and biennials; average maximum height of primary and secondary dunes. California Salinas River State Beach, 2.3 km S of the vegetation in sample sites was 36 cm; pri- Quail, Bewick's Wrens, and White-crowned pier in Moss Landing; 36ø47'N, 121ø48'W, mary dune 18cm, secondary22, tertiary 46; a Sparrowspreferred the thick clumpsof Hap- Moss Landing Quadrangle, USGS. Con- few individuals of Chaparral Broom (Bac- !opappus and other shrubs in the tertiary tinuity: New. Size: 9.4 ha = 23.2 acres(rec- charis pilularis) reach 2 m near the inland dunes. The diverse vegetationfound in moist tangular, with one irregular edge, surveyed edge of the dunes. Two seldom-usedvehicle areas along the E edge of the dunes attracted with compassand 50 m tape). Descriptionof tracks lie between the primary and second- the Mockingbirds, Red-winged Blackbirds, Plot: Covers the sand dunes behind a 340 m ary, and secondaryand tertiary dunes.Edge: and House Finches. The Red-winged Black- section of ocean beach. The dunes and plot Bounded N and S by similar habitat, W by birds and House Finches appeared to do extend 210-340 m inland from approximate ocean beach, and E by a dirt road bordering most of their feeding in the adjacent ar- meanhigh tide line. Vegetation was sampled an artichoke field. A tidal sloughlies 150 m E tichoke field, while maintaining territories in by running 4 randomly placed line transects of the plot. Topography:Two duneridges run the study area. Nests found: Mallard, 1; Cali- at right anglesto the beach, then randomly parallel to the short, steepbeach, with crests fornia Quail, 1; Mourning Dove, 4; Log- selecting 62 m2 sites along the 4 transects. approximately 13 and 50 m from mean high gerhead Shrike, 1. Fledglings of California For each site plant cover was estimatedvi- tide line. The primary ridge averages3 m and Quail, Bewick's Wren, House Finch, and sually. The vegetation samplingwas carried the secondary4 m in height. Behind these lie White-crowned Sparrow were seen.- out from January through March, 1980, dur- a complex of dunes running primarily NW- DAVID HOULE, Ecology and Evolution ing the period of maximum annual growth. SE, and rising 5-10 m above mean high tide. Dept., SUNY at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, The vegetation is strongly zoned with respect A 17 m sand hill dominates the SE corner of NY 11794.

Volume 36, Number I 91 165. URBAN PARK-LAKE, MARSH AND 19); White-crowned Sparrow, 3 (36, 14); position and coveragewere estimatedby five MIXED FOREST. -- Location: California; Chestnut-backed Chickadee; 2 Brown- 100transects. The substatumis composedof City and County of San Francisco, Golden headed Cowbird, 2; Brown Towhee, 2; 44% gravel or small rock (< 5.1 cm or 2 in.), Gate Park, North Lake, S of the 43rd Ave Olive-sided Fycatcher, 1; Scrub Jay, 1; 29% litter, 25%rocky (>5.1 cm or 2 in.), 2% and Fulton St entrance to the park; 37ø46'N, Bushtit, 1; Red-breasted Nuthatch, 1. Total: bare. Speciescomposition is 42.6% Bur Sage 122ø30'W, San Francisco N Quadrangle, 14 species; 64 territorial males or females, (Ambrosia deltoidea), 14% Creosotebush USGS. Continuity: New. Size: 4.99 ha = (764/km :, 309/100 acres). Visitors: Mallard, (Larrea tridentata), 9.7% Corn. Mesquite 12.33 acres(irregularly oblong plot measured California Quail, Rock Dove, Tree Swallow, (Prosopis julifiora), 8.3% Paper Flower from "Golden Gate Park Irrigation and Do- Brown Creeper, Starling, House Sparrow, (Psilostrophe cooperi), 4.9% Little Leaf mestic Water Systems" (map), Drawing Brewer's Blackbird, House Finch, Pine Sis- PaloVerde (Cercidium microphy!!um),4.2% #15,555, Board of Park Commissioners,Di- kin, Song Sparrow, Remarks:At least 3 An- Prickly Pear (Opuntia engelmannii), 3% vision of Engineers, San Francisco, CA na's Hummingbirdsutilized the plot, but that Ocofillo (Fouquiria splendens), 2.8% (May 19, 1941).Description of Plot: SeeAB 36 speciesgenerally breeds before the arrival of Krameria grayii, 2.1% Acacia greggii and (1) 4•, this issue. Weather: Temperatures 55- Allen's Hummingbirdsin mid-February.The constricta, 2.1% Staghorn Cholla (0. ver- 68%Skies were generally clear, with overcast following nests were found: Allen's Hum- sicolor), 1% Saguaro(Carnegiea gigantea). on 3 occasions and rain on 1. Wind never mingbird, 1; Pygmy Nuthatch, 3; Am. Robin, 1% include Mormon Tea (Ephedra trifurca), exceeded 10 mph. Coverage:Mar. 15, 21,27, 1; Downy Woodpecker, 1; Red-breasted Pencil Cholla. Topography:Flat to rolling, 29; Apr. 13, 16, 26; May 2, 16, 19, 25, 31; June Nuthatch, 1. A Brown Towhee was noted dissectedby several washes, the main wash 5, 7, 17; July 4; 0650-1600 hours, PST. Total feedinga juvenile. The conditionof the forest running N-S near the E border and two man-hours: 18.883. Census:Song Sparrow, continuesto deteriorate;2 trees fell during branch washes traversing from E to W. Ele- 20 (401, 162); Brewer's Blackbird, 16 (321, the study and I shortly after.--DANIEL P. vation: 740-750 m (2428-2460ft). Edge: Bor- 130); Allen's Hummingbird, 15 (301, 122); MURPHY, 2945 Ul!oa St, San Francisco, dered on all sidesby at least 91.5 m (300 ft) of Mourning Dove, 8 (160, 65); Am. Robin, 8; CA 94116. similar habitat. The 869 acre Tumamoc Hill Mallard, 5 (100.41); Chestnut-backed Chick- tract has become almost surrounded by adee, 5; House Finch, 4 (80, 32); Tree Swal- 167. DESERTSCRUB-RIPARIAN. -- Lo- housingdevelopments and schools.There is low, 3 (60, 24); Red-winged Blackbird, 3; cation: Arizona; Pima Co., NW •A of section no water on the 20.23 ha plot, but there are Pine Siskin, 3; White-crowned Sparrow, 3; 16 oft 14 S, R 13 E; 32ø12'N, 111øI'W. Cat two old clay pits on the Tumamoc Hill prop- Downy Woodpecker, 2; Starling, 2; Violet- Mountain Quadrangle, USGA. Located at erty which sometimescontain water. There green Swallow, 1; Barn Swallow, 1; Olive- Tumamoc Hill, a 351.78 ha (869-acre) tract is a small permanent concrete water hole on sided Fycatcher, 1; Bushtit, 1; Brown- owned by the Univ. of Arizona, fenced with the Tumamoc property about t/• mile from headed Cowbird, 1; Dark-eyed Junco, 1. barbed wire since 1907. Located Tucson at the plot. Weather: Temperature, 40ø-80øFin Total: 20 species; 103 territorial males or the corner of West Anklam and Greasewood March, 78ø- i 06ø in July with sunshine,except females (2064 km:; 835/100 acres). Visitors: Rds. Continuity: New. Size: 20.23 ha = 50 for rain on March 20. Coverage:March 15-22; Wood Duck, California Quail, Band-tailed acres (1320 x 1650 ft, paced with a com- May 3, 17; June 19, 22, 28; July 5. Total man- Pigeon, Rock Dove, Corn. Flicker, Rough- pass). Descriptionof Plot: Desertscrub inter- hours: 50. Census:Mourning Dove, i I (54, winged Swallow, Cliff Swallow, Pygmy digitated with riparian habitat. Speciescorn- 22); Curve-billed Thrasher, l0 (49, 20); Ver- Nuthatch, Brown Creeper, House Sparrow, Purple Finch, Brown Towhee. Remarks: Nests found: Brewer's Blackbird, 3; Am. Robin, 1; Starling, 1. Mallards hatched at least 3 clutches but most of the young failed to survive. In addition to nesting birds and visitors the lake and its environs were used by 29 other species.Of these 19 were winter residents;9 were migrants. The small colony of Brewer's Blackbirds was of interest since it probably dispersedfrom a colony of 300- 500 birds that uses the nearby Buffalo Pad- dock during the rest of the year. The black- birds were absentbefore and after the nesting period and seemedto forage in the forest to the W much of the time.--DANIEL P. MUR- PHY, 2945 U!!oa St, San Francisco, CA 94116.

166. URBAN PARK-MATURE MIXED CONIFEROUS FOREST. -- Location: Cali- fornia; City and County of San Francisco, Golden Gate Park. W of the 43rd Ave. and Fulton St entrance to the Park; 37ø46'N, 122ø30'W, San Francisco N Quadrangle, USGS. Continuity: New. Size: 8.38 ha = 20.7 acres (irregular plot measuredfrom a map of Reforestation Unit 6 in the "Reforestation Practices and Procedures"; Golden Gate Park, San Francisco,CA, 8/26/80. Descrip- tion of Plot: See AB 36 (1)47 , this issue. Weather: Temperatures were moderate, 52- 70øF.Skies overcast during 6 visits and clear on 5. Coverage:Mar. 21, 29; Apr. 14, 16, 25; May 9, 16, 30; June 7, 19; July 4:0625-1100 hours, PST. Total man-hours: 14.25. Census: Mourning Dove, 13 (155, 63); Dark-eyed Junco, 11(131, 53); Allen's Hummingbird, 10 (119, 48); Pygmy Nuthatch, 8 (95, 39); Am. Breeding Bird Census 167, Tumamoc Hill, Tucson, Ariz. (background),Ocotillo (left Robin, 5 (60, 24); Downy Woodpecker, 4 (48, foreground);Little-leaf Palo Verde and Saguaro(center foreground).Photo/G!ynn Webb.

92 AmericanBirds, January 1982 din, 6 (30, 12); Cactus Wren, 6; Gambel's E border. Elevation: 620-700 ft. Coverage: Quail, 5 (25, 10);White-winged Dove, 5; Gila February 28; March 7, 14, 28; April I l, 21; Woodpecker,5; Com. Flicker, 4 (20, 8); Pyr- May 3, 9, 17; June 8, 20; 0430-1000 and 1500- rhuloxia, 4; House Finch, 4; Lesser Night- 1800, PST. Total man-hours: 18. Census: hawk, 2; Ladder-backed Woodpecker, 2; Brown Towhee, I l (136, 55); Rufous-sided Ash-throated Flycatcher, 2; Black-tailed Towhee, 5 (62, 25); Anna's Hummingbird, 4 Gnatcatcher, 2; Phainopepla,2; Starling, 2; males (49, 20); Black-tailed Gnatcatcher, 4; Brown-headed Cowbird, 2; Black-throated Cactus Wren, 3 (37, 15); California Quail, Sparrow, 2; Roadrunner, l; Elf Owl, I; An- 2.5; Bushtit, 2.5; Wrentit, 2; Lazuli Bunting, na's Hummingbird, l; Purple Martin, l; 2; Rufous-crownedSparrow, 2; Roadrunner, House Sparrow, l; Cardinal, l; Rufous- l; Bewick's Wren, 1; California Thrasher, l; winged Sparrow, I. Total: 25 species;83 White-tailed Kite, +. Total: 14 species;41 territorial males (410/km2, 166/100 acres). territorial males (507/km 2, 205/100 acres). Visitors: Black-chinned Hummingbird, Visitors: Cooper's Hawk, Am. Kestrel, Mockingbird, Brown Towhee. Remarks: Mourning Dove, Black-chinned Humming- Nests found: l0 Mourning Dove, 9 Curve- bird. Costa's Hummingbird, Black Phoebe, billed Thrasher, 4 White-winged Dove, I Elf Ash-throated Flycatcher, Com. Crow, Owl, I Purple Martin, I CactusWren, sev- House Wren, Mockingbird, Blue Grosbeak, eral Verdin.---GL YNN WEBB, Science House Finch, Lesser Goldfinch. Remarks: Dept., Pima College, Tucson, AZ 85709. Nests found: Roadrunner, l; Bushtit, 2; Cac- tus Wren, 3 (excludingdummy nests); Black- tailed Gnatcatcher, 3. Gnatcatchers and Ruf- Breeding Bird Censuses 168-170, Coast BREEDING BIRD POPULATIONS ous-crowned Sparrows held territories Prickly-Pear with one of the dominantplants centered on dry washes. The hummingbirds, of •e coastal sage scrub, the w•te-fiowered OF COASTAL SAGE SCRUB Wrentits, Lazuli Buntings, and Rufous-sided California Buckwheat. Photo/Kenneth L. COMMUNITIES IN Towhees were closely associated with the Weaver. SOUTHWESTERN CALIFORNIA scattered Elderberries. Presence of the Black-tailed Gnatcatchers on this and the The following 3 censuseswere conducted following2 plotsis of note as the coastalrace lations of the Roadrunner, Cactus Wren, and on 20-acre plots; all have a history of cattle (californica) is now very scarce N of the Sage Sparrow (race bello are also becoming grazing, which was apparently abandoned Mexican border. This plot is slated for resi- quite localized on the S. California coastal prior to 1970. Plots were located by using dentialdevelopment. slope. This plot will becomepart of a large aerialphotos (scale l: 2400)and weremarked residentialdevelopment. and placedusing a handcompass. Vegetation coverageand frequency were determined by 170. COASTAL SAGE SCRUB IlL -- Lo- line interceptsampling. 169. COASTAL SAGE SCRUB II. -- Loca- cation: California, San Diego Co., Kit Carson Weather data providedby the Escondido tion: California, San Diego Co., Escondido, Park in Escondido; 33ø04'N, 117ø03'W, Es- Fire Dept. indicatetemperatures were above N of Lake Hodges, E of 1-15, and S of Sierra condido Quadrangle, USGS. Continuity: average through the census period while Linda Dr., 33ø03'N, l17ø03'W, Escondido New. Size: 8. l ha = 20 acres (660 x 1320 ft, rainfall was above averagefor March, below Quadrangle, USGS. Continuity: New. Size: long axis N-S). Descriptionof Plot: A ridge average for April-June. 8.1 ha = 20 acres (660 x 1320 ft), long axis top and its S and SE-facing slopes, cut by Coastal sage scrub is disappearingat an ENE-WSW). Descriptionof Plot: On a SW- numerouseroded gulleys. A dirt roadcrosses alarming rate becauseof the very rapid ex- facing hillside, dissectedby 6 dry washes. the W 1/3 of the plot and dividesinto several pansionof real estateand agriculture. Preser- Vegetationcoverage: 85.2%. Plant speciesin smallerroads in the S l/5 of the plot. Vegeta- vation efforts are neededto maintainpopula- order of dominance are: California Buck- tion coverage:93.8%. Plant speciesin order tions of several of the scarcer birds.- wheat, 46.2%; grasses,19%; alien and native of dominance are: California Buckwheat, KENNETH L. WEAVER, 1339 Taylor herbs, 16.2%; Coastal Sagebrush, 11.3%; 68%; alien and native herbs, 12.2%; Califor- Place, Escondido, CA 92027. Deerweed (Lotus scoparius), 3.8%; and nia Sagebrush, 11.1%; and grasses, 8.7%. Prickly-Pear(Opuntia oricola), 3.5%. Vege- Vegetation is almost entirely I m or less in 168. COASTAL SAGE SCRUB I. -- Loca- tation is typically less than I m in height height. Edge: Bordered on the N by an aban- tion: California, San Diego Co., Escondido, except for some Prickly-Pears and several doned orange grove, surrounded on the re- E of Bear Valley Pkwy, N of El Dorado Dr., individuals of the very scarce Elderberry maining 3 sidesby similar vegetation.Ripa- W of Summit Dr., and S of Valencia Dr., which reach heights as described in Census rian woods parallel the W border at a 33ø06'N, 117ø02'W, Escondido Quadrangle, 168. Several small rock outcrops occur on distance of about 60 m. Elevation: 380-480 ft. USGS. Continuity: New. Size: 8.1 ha = 20 the lower slopes.Edge: Surroundedon all Coverage:March 8, 14, 21,28; April 5, 18, 21, acres(660 x 1320ft), long axis NNW-ESE). sides by similar vegetation. Elevation: 380- 25; May 3, 9, 17, 30; June 26; 0400-1030 and Descriptionof Plot: A low ridge and its SE 580 ft. Coverage: February 28; March 7, 21; 1430-1600, PST. Total man-hours: 14. Cen- and SW-facing slopes,which are cut by 4 dry April 5, I l, 18; May 3, 17;June 26; 0430-0900, sus:Brown Towhee, 9 (l I l, 45); Black-tailed washes. Dirt roads roughly bisect the middle PST. Total man-hours: 19. Census: Brown Gnatcatcher, 4 (49, 20); Bushtit, 2; Rufous- of the plot along both short and long axes. Towhee, 8.5 (105, 43); Rufous-crowned sidedTowhee, 2; California Quail, l; Califor- The San Diego Aqueduct passeslengthwise Sparrow, 5 (62, 25); Sage Sparrow, 4.5 (56, nia Thrasher, l; Song Sparrow, l; Bewick's under the plot. Vegetation coverage 92%. 23); Black-tailed Gnatcatcher, 3.5 (43, 18); Wren, 0.5; White-tailed Kite, +. Total: 9 Plant speciesin order of dominance are: California Quail, 2; Cactus Wren, 2; Bushtit, species; 20.5 territorial males (253/km 2, Coastal Sagebrush (Artemisia californica), 1; Bewick's Wren, l; Mockingbird, l; Cali- 103/100 acres). Visitors: Mourning Dove, 36.3%; California Buckwheat (Eriogonum fornia Thrasher, 1; Roadrunner, 0.5; White- Roadrunner, Costa's Hummingbird, Anna's fasiculatum), 27.8%; alien and native herbs, tailed Kite, +; W. Meadowlark, +. Total: 13 Hummingbird, Com. Flicker, Wrentit, Log- 12.2%; grasses,9.1%; Prickly-Pear(primar- species; 30 territorial males (371/km 2, gerhead Shrike, W. Meadowlark, Blue Gros- ily Opuntia oricola), 8%; Monkeyflower 150/100 acres). Visitors: Marsh Hawk, Am. beak, Lazuli Bunting. Remarks: Nests (Mimulus sp.), 3%; White Sage (Salvia Kestrel, Costa's Hummingbird, W. King- found: Bushtit, l; Black-tailed Gnatcatcher, apiana), 2.6%; and Elderberry (Sambucus bird, Cassin's Kingbird, Blue Grosbeak, 3; Song Sparrow, 1. The low diversity of mexicana),I%. Vegetationis typically I m or Lazuli Bunting, House Finch, Lesser vegetationand lack of significanttopographi- less in height although individual Prickly- Goldfinch, Lawrence's Goldfinch. Remarks: cal features appear to severely limit the Pears reach 2 m and some Eiderberries reach Nests found: Cactus Wren, 2 (excluding breeding bird population. Most birds fre- 4-5 m. Edge: Surrounded on all sides by dummy nests); Black-tailed Gnatcatcher, I. quented the more heavily vegetated gulleys. similar vegetation. An avocado grove ap- All passerines,except the W. Meadowlark, A proposed park "meadow" will destroy proaches within 40 m of the extreme NW had territories closely centered on the dry much of the scrub habitat; however, the Es- corner and riparian woods occur 6 m E of the washes.In additionto the gnatcatcher,popu- condido Parks and Recreation Dept. is re-

Volume 36. Number I 93 considenngthis plan following notificationof See Census171 Coverage:Apr 2-3, 8, 15-17, late March of 1981may have been responsi- the presenceof the gnatcatchers. 26, 28; May 5, 7-8, 10, 14-15, 21-23, 25, 27, 29, ble for a 2-3 week delay in the onset of 31; June 2, 4, 10, 21, 23-24, 26; 0630-1230. nesting. Two White-crowned Sparrow nests Total man-hours:98. Census:Song Sparrow, were parasitized by Brown-headed Cow- 7.5 (160, 65); Wrentit, 5 (107, 43); Allen's 171. COASTAL SCRUB. --Location: Cali- birds. Neither of the cowbird eggshatched Hummingbird,3.5 (75, 30); Am. Goldfinch, This is the first record of cowbird parasitism forma, Marin Co., 4 mi NW of Bolinasand 2.5; Rufous-sided Towbee, 2.5; White- of White-crowned Sparrow nestsin ten years 0 5 mi inside the S boundary of Point Reyes crowned Sparrow, 2.5, California Quail, 1.5; of study of these plots. Nests found (54) National Seashore; 37ø55'N, 122ø45'W, ScrubJay, 1; Bushtit, 1; Bewick'sWren, 0.5; Scrub Jay, 1; Bushtit, 2; Wrentit, 4; Rufous- BohnasQuadrangle, USGSo Continuity:Es- Orange-crownedWarbler, 0.5; PurpleFinch, sided Towhee, 5; White-crowned Sparrow, tabhshed 1971; 9 intermittent years'.Size: 8.1 0.5; Red-tailed Hawk, +; Com. Flicker, +; 16; SongSparrow, 26. ContributionNo. 237, ha = 20 acres.Description of Plot:SeeAB 25: Am. Robin, +; Brown-headed Cowbird, +; PRBO.•ROD MACDONALD, DAVE De- 1003-1004(1971). Weather: Clear skies, 48%; House Finch, +; Brown Towbee, +. Total: SANTE, JOANNE YOUNG, Point Reyes partly cloudy, 36%; overcast,7%; foggy,7%; 18 species;28.5 territorial males (607/km2, Bird Observatory, 4990 Shoreline Hwy, and light rain, 2%. Windswere generallySW 246/100 acres). Remarks:The breedingbird Stinson Beach, CA 94970. to WNW at 1-10 knots, somewhat lighter density of this plot has shown a steady in- than most years. Morning temperatures,48- crease over the past 5 years, presumably 73øF, were about average.The period April- becauseof recovery of the vegetationfrom 174. COLORADO DESERT FLOOD- June was very dry with rainfall totallingonly the 1976-77drought and the gradual succes- PLAIN. -- Location: California; Riverside 0 74 inches. Rainfall for the year (July 1980- sionof the vegetationtoward a maturecoas- Co., E flank of Santa Rosa Mountains on the June 1981) totalled 24.87 in. and was also tal scrub.The most pronouncedand consist- floodplain of Magnesia Spring Canyon, just somewhatbelow normal. Coverage:April 1- ent increases have been noted in Allen's above the city of Rancho Mirage; center W 5, 8-11, 13, 15-17, 21-22, 25-28; May 2, 4-8, Hummingbird, Wrentit, and Rufous-sided 1/2 Sec. 13, T5S, R5E, Ranch Mirage Quad- 10-13, 15, 17, 19-23, 25-31; June 1-12, 14-18, Towbee, all of which prefer the more dense rangle, USGS. Continuity:New. Size: 20 3 20-27, 29-30; 0630-1230. Total man-hours: type of coastalscrub typical of mature scrub ha = 50.2 acres (irregular in shape, roughly 205 Census: Wrentit, 15 (185, 75); White- habitat. The breeding bird density actually square; planimetric measurements from crowned Sparrow, 8 (99, 40), Allen's Hum- exceededthe density of undisturbedcoastal 1:14,000 scale aerial photo). Description of mingbird,5.5 (68, 28); SongSparrow, 4.5 (56, scrub habitat (575/km2), presumably be- Plot: Roughly the north-central33% of what 23), Rufous-sided Towbee, 4 (49, 20); Be- cause of the close proximity of an adjacent remainsundeveloped of the floodplainabove wick's Wren, 3.5 (43, 18); Bushtit, 2; Scrub densely wooded arroyo and the nearby field the city of RanchoMirage. An earthenlevee Jay, 1.5; Orange-crowned Warbler, 1.5; stationthat allowed "edge" speciesto occur. and channel now conduct all but the ex- House Finch, 1; Red-tailed Hawk, +; Corn. In general, the breeding season was 2-3 tremely highest flood flows away from the Flicker, +; Purple Finch, +; Grasshopper weeks later than in 1980, presumably be- naturalfloodplain. A centrallylocated boul- Sparrow, +. Total: 14 species;46.5 territo- causeof a stretchof cold rainy weather in late der-strewn mound of rocky alluvium and a rial males (575/km 2, 233/100 acres). Re- March. Nests found (29): Scrub Jay, 1; narrower belt of identical substratealong the marks: The breeding bird density was very Wrentit, 5; Am. Goldfinch, 1; Rufous-sided NW border compriseabout 55% of the plot stmllarto the meandensity recorded over the Towbee, 3; White-crowned Sparrow, 4; The remainder is made up of lower lying past 8 years (562/km2). The densityhas, in Song Sparrow, 15. Contribution No. 236, sandy deposits and wash bottom. The com- fact, remainedremarkably constantover the PRBO.--TIMMS Ro FOWLER, DAVE De- position of perennialplants was estimated past decade, thus reflectingthe inherent sta- SANTE, BARBARA DIEHL, GEOFF with a total of 20-100m line intercept bdity of the breedingbird communityof this GEUPEL, and JIM WALTERMAN, Point transects,10 alongthe sandietsubstrate and nature habitat. The number of breeding Reyes Bird Observatory, 4990 Shoreline washesand 10 on the rocky alluvium. Shrubs species decreased by 1 as a result of the Hwy., Stinson Beach, CA 94970. occurred in clumps in the wash, somewhat disappearanceof California Quail and Am. regularly spaced,whereas on the rocky al- Goldfinch, and the appearanceof Grasshop- luvium, individual shrubs were regularly per Sparrow. This last specieshas not been 173. DISTURBED COASTAL SCRUB B. spaced. Total cover contributed by peren- recorded as breeding in this general area -- Location: California; Marin Co., 3.5 mi nials on the sandy alluvium was 18.8% as stnce 1972. The densities of 2 species of NW of Bolinas and 0.16 mi inside the S comparedto 8.4% on the rocky alluvium breedtngseedeaters (Song Sparrow and Ruf- boundary of Point Reyes Nat'l Seashore; The dominantspecies on the sandyalluvium ous-sided Towbee) were noted to decline 37ø55'N, 122ø45'W, Bolinas Quadrangle, were (figures following each speciesare % sharply in 1980, presumably as a result of low USGS. Continuity:Established 1971; 10 in- cover, % relative frequency): Cheesebush winter survival. The density of Song Spar- termittent years. Size: 8.1 ha = 20 acres. (Hymenoclea salsola) 6.34, 31; Indigo Bush rowsappears to be stabilizedat thislow level Descriptionof Plot: See AB 25:1002-1003 (Dalea schottii) 2.11, 7.9; Brandegea bige- but the density of Rufous-sided Towbees (1971). Weather: See Census171. Coverage: lovii 2, 8.6; Sweet Bush (Bebbiajuncea) 1 9, continuesto decline. In general,the breeding Apr. 1, 3-4, 8-9, 11, 16-17, 20, 27-29; ;May 1, 13.2; Desert Lavender (Hyptis emoryi) 1.21, season was 2-3 weeks later than in 1980, 4-6, 11, 15, 19-22,26-29, 31;June 1,3-4, 9, 11- 4.6; Creosote (Larrea tridentata) 0.85, 2, presumablybecause of a stretch of cold rainy 12, 15, 17-18, 21-26, 29-30; 0630-1230.Total Catclaw (Acacia greggii) 0.66, 3.3; Silver weather in late March. Nests found (29): man-hours: 264. Census:Song Sparrow, 14 Cholla (Opuntia echinocarpa) 0.33, 4, Scrub Jay, 1; Bushtit, 1; Wrentit, 12; Be- (173, 70); White-crowned Sparro,w, 10.5 Smoke Tree (D. spinosa)0.18, 2; and dead wick's Wren, 2; Rufous-sided Towhee, 2; (130, 53); Wrentit, 4 (49, 20); Rufous-sided perennials3, 21.2. The dominant specieson White-crownedSparrow, 10;Song Sparrow, Towbee, 4; Allen's Hummingbird, 3.5 (43, the rocky alluvium were: Creosote 2.65, 1 Contribution No. 235, PRBO.--PATSY 18); Am. Goldfinch, 3 (37, 15); California 18.8; Cheesebush 1.75, 20.8; Sweetbush CHRISTGAU, DAVE DeSANTE, DAVID Quail, 2.5; Bushtit, 2; Bewick's Wren, 1.5; 1.09, 13.9;Hoffmanseggia microphylla 0.67, GREEN, JULIE LANE, BILL S YDEMAN, ScrubJay, 0.5; Am. Robin, 0.5; W. Bluebird, 7.9; Indigo Bush 0.47, 5; Burro-brush(Am- andMARGUERITE TROCMI•, Point Reyes 0.5; Starling, 0.5; Brown-headed Cowbird, brosia dumosa) 0.15, 2; Desert-straw B•rd Observatory, 4990 Shoreline Hwy., 0.5; Com. Flicker, +; House Finch, +. To- (Stephanomeriapaucifiora) 0.09, 2; and dead StunsonBeach, CA 94970. tal: 16 species; 47.5 territorial males perennials1.45, 25.7. The only abundantlow (587/km2, 238/100 acres). Remarks: See herbaceouscover was contributed by Sand- Census 172. An increase has been noted in mat (Euphorbiapolycarpa), which was abun- 172. DISTURBED COASTAL SCRUB A. virtually all breedingspecies. The breeding dant over the entire plot. Cover contributed -- Location: California; Marin Co., 3.5 mi densityreached the level of the undisturbed by Sand-mat was estimated at 7.4% (from NW of Bolinasand just insidethe S boundary coastal scrub habitat (575/km2). The in- one 25m stretch of line intercept). An aban- of Point Reyes Nat'l Seashore; 37ø55'N, creased use of this plot by birds nesting doned well was located near the center of the 122ø45'W,Bolinas Quadrangle,USGS. Con- around the nearby field station (e.g. Am. NE boundary. A ring of 50 Tamarisk trees tinuity: Established 1972; 9 intermittent Robin, W. Bluebird, Starling) also contrib- (Tamarix sp.) rims the well site, enclosingan years Size:4.7 ha = 11.6 acres. Description uted to the higher breeding bird density area of about 32 by 21m. The trees were only of Plot: See AB 26:987-988 (1972). Weather: found in 1981. Unusually stormy weather in sparselyfoliated but did providesome cover

94 American Birds, January 1982 and perchesto about 9m high Two dirt roads There are 130 Palo Verde trees (Cerct&um Bewmk's Wren, 2, Cactus Wren, 1, Log- parallelalong the lengthof the centralalluvial floridurn) on the plot. The averageheight and gerhead Shrike, 1; Roadrunner, 0.5; Cation mound with several short spur roads con- canopy diameter (every fifth tree was meas- Wren, +; Rock Wren, +; Brown-headed nectingthe two near the NE boundary. The ured) were 5.1 m and 8.5 m respectively,with Cowbird, +; Lesser Goldfinch, +; Brewer's roads are little traveled and partially over- a stemcount of 10.3per ha and canopycover Sparrow, +. Total: 16 species;55.5 temto- grown. Minor vehicle travel occursin the SE of 5.8% for the entire plot. Six 2 m wide belt rial males or females (441/km 2, 178/100 wash. Edge: Similar habitat occurs on 3 transects,covering a total of 1822 m2, were acres). Visitors (Numbers are maximum ob- sides. A dirt road and earthen channel main- utilized to estimatethe compositionof peren- served on any one visit, total observed dur- tainedfor flood control purposes,border the nialplants. Total covercontributed by peren- ing all visits): Red-tailed Hawk 1, 1, Gam- NW side. Beyond this disturbed area, the nials was 23% with 815 stems per ha. The bel's Quail 20, 28; White-winged Dove 2, 2, hills rise abruptly. Creosote bush scrub oc- dominant species were (figures following Mourning Dove 15, 41; Long-eared Owl 1, 1, curs on the hillsides with abundant peren- each speciesare % cover, stemsper ha): Palo White-throatedSwift 2, 2; Anna's Humming- nials including Creosote, Brittle-bush (En- Verde 5.3 11; Cheesebush(Hymenoclea sal- bird 1, 1; Com. Flicker 1, 1; W. Kingbird 1, 1, celia farinosa), Burro-bush, and Six-week sola) 5.1, 258; Chuparosa (Beloperone Ash-throated Flycatcher 1, 3; Emptdonax Three-awn (Aristida adscensionis). Arrow- californica) 2.68, 115; Smoketree (Dalea flycatcher 1, 1; Cation Wren 1,3; Rock Wren Leaf (Pleurocoronis pluriseta), Linear- spinosa) 1.78, 55; Catclaw (Acacia greggii) 2, 2; Phainopepla1, 3; Warbling Vireo 2, 2, leaved Goldenbush (Haplopappus 1.72, 33; Creosote (Larrea tridentata) 1.69, Orange-crowned Warbler 7, 21; Nashville hnearifolius), Desert Tobacco (Nicotiana 55; Sweet Bush (Bebbia juncea) 1.23, 60; Warbler 5, 6; Black-throated Gray Warbler trigonophylla), Rock Daisy (Perityle Desert Lavender (Hyptis emoryi) 0.88, 16; 1, 1; MacGillivray's Warbler 1, 1; Wdson's emoryi), and Desert Fir (Peucephyllum Brandegeabigelovii 0.62, 50 (encountersper Warbler 9, 10; House Sparrow 2, 2; Hooded schottii) were particularly abundant on rock ha); Sandpaper Plant (Petalonyx thurberi) Oriole 1, 1; Scott's Oriole 1, 1; N. Oriole 1,2, outcrops and steeper rocky slopes. Topog- 0.3, 11; Indigo Bush (D. schottii) 0.3, 11; Brown-headed Cowbird 1, 1; Black-headed raphy: The terrain slopesgently from the SW dead perennial 0.84, 148. The shrubs oc- Grosbeak 3, 6; House Finch 24, 58; Lesser at approximately440 ft (134 m) to the NE at curred mostly in denseclumps that measured Goldfinch 17, 40; Lawrence's Goldfinch 13, 360 ft (110 m). Weather: Fierce wind pre- to several meters across. Although there is 13; Brewer's Sparrow 1, 2; White-crowned cluded total coverageduring I census;other- some evidence of human use, the plot is Sparrow 23, 51. Remarks: Nests found (8) wise clear and sunny. Temperaturesvaried relatively undisturbed. A dirt road runs the Verdin, 4; Costa's Hummingbird, 2; Cactus from approximately49øF during early morn- length of the plot and there is minor vehicle Wren, 1; Black-tailed Gnatcatcher, I The lng to 95ø by late morning. Coverage:Mar. 25- travel alongthe washbottom. A smallarea at study was supported by the U.S. F•sh and 26; Apr. 7, 9, 28-29; 0600-0845. Total man- the N end hasbeen disturbed by the dumping Wildlife Service, EcologicalServices Office, hours: 15. Census:Black-throated Sparrow, of refuse. Edge:The wash continuesto the N Laguna Niguel and the U.S. Army Corps of 15 (74, 30); Gambel's Quail, 8.5 (42, 17); and S. The flood plain on the W lacks Palo Engineers, Los Angeles District -- Verdin, 7 (34, 14); Mourning Dove, 3 (15, 6); Verde but supports a more widely spaced RICHARD ZEMBAL, BARBARA W MAS- Cactus Wren, 3; Costa's Hummingbird, 2; growth including the other species cited SEY, and GARY P. WHEELER, U.S Ftsh House Finch, 2; Mockingbird, 1; Black- above with dominant Creosote, Cheesebush, and Wildlife Service, 24000 Avila Rd, La- tinled Gnatcatcher, 1; LoggerheadShrike, 1; Sweet Bush, Brittle Bush(Enceliafarinosa), guna Niguel, CA 92677. Say's Phoebe, +; Rock Wren, +; Brown- and cholla (Opuntia spp.). Rocky hills rise headed Cowbird, +; Brewer's Sparrow, +. abruptly on the E with abundant creosote, Total: 14 species; 43.5 territorial males or Fagonia levis, Indigo Bush, Ambrosia dum- 176. PALO VERDE-CHEESEBUSH- females (214/km 2, 87/100 acres). Visitors osa, Aristida adscensionis, and Krameria CHUPAROSA DESERT WASH. -- Location: (numbersare maximumobserved on any one grayi, with less common Ocotillo (Fou- California; Riverside Co., W wash of Bear visit, total observedduring all visits): Prairie quieria splendens) and Barrel Cactus Creek on E flank of Santa Rosa Mountains, Falcon, 1, 1; Gambel'sQuail, 18, 42; Mourn- (Ferocactus acanthodes). Water: Permanent SW 1ASec. 13, NW 1/4Sec. 24, NE •/4Sec 23, lng Dove 18, 43; Ground Dove, 1, 1; Barn water was present on the N-E margin from a T6S, R6E, La Quinta Quadrangle, USGS Owl, 1, 1; Poor-will, 1, 1; White-throated closed storagetank that provides water for Continuity: New. Size: 23.5 ha = 58.1 acres Swift, 4, 9; W. Kingbird, 1, 1; Ash-throated the city of La Quinta. A leak in the tank (irregular in shape, roughly rectangularand Flycatcher, 5, 7; Say's Phoebe, 1, 2; Violet- supporteda small pool and the tank periodi- 940 m long; planimetric measurements of green Swallow, 3, 3; Com. Raven, 5, 5; Com. cally overflowed, providing abundant but 1:13,500 aerial photo). Description of Plot: Crow, 1, 1; Rock Wren, 3, 3; Phainopepla,2, very intermittent water. This overflow has Desert woodland occursalong a sandywash 3, Nashville Warbler, 2, 2; Yellow-rumped resulted in a dense thicket of vegetation, There are 389 Palo Verde trees (Cerctdtum Warbler, 2, 4; Hooded Oriole, 1, 1; N. about 6 x 35 m, along the narrow water floridurn) on the plot, 83 of which were Oriole, 4, 4; Brown-headed Cowbird, 2, 2; course with abundant Palo Verde and other mostly lightly to moderately parasitlzed by House Finch, 27, 76; Lesser Goldfinch, 4, 10; natives but including a few tamarisk Mistletoe (Phoradendron californtcum) Lawrence's Goldfinch, 2, 2; Brewer's Spar- (Tamarix sp.) treesand Date Palms(Phoenix Four 2 m wide belt transects, coveringa total row, 2, 4; White-crowned Sparrow, 7, 8. dactylifera). Below the thicket, the influence of 1,758m2, were utilized to estimate the Remarks:Nests found(12): Verdin, 5; Black- of increased availability of water is still in composition of perennial plants. The total throated Sparrow, 3; Cactus Wren, 2; Log- evidence from the lushnessof growth of the cover contributedby perennialswas 24 5% gerheadShrike, 1; House Finch, 1. The study Palo Verde and Beloperone.Additional open with 1,268 stems per ha. The dominant was supportedby the U. S. Fish and Wildlife water may have been available beginning specieswere (figures following each species Service, Ecological Services Office, Laguna approximately100 m N of the plot where the are % cover, stemsper ha): Cheesebush(Hy- Nlguel and the U. S. Army Corps of Engi- southernmostresidences of La Quinta are menoclea salsola) 5.2,307; Palo Verde 4 3, neers, Los Angeles District.--R1CHARD located. Food: Beloperonewas in flower dur- 28; Chuparosa(Beloperone californica) 2 3, ZEMBAL and BARBARA W. MASSEY, U. ing the entire period and was heavily utilized 91; Creosote (Larrea tridentata) 2.1, 51, Brit- S Fish and Wildlife Service, 24000AvilaRd, by the hummingbirds. The abundance of tle Bush (Enceliafarinosa) 1.8, 171; Desert Laguna Niguel, CA 92677. blossomshad just begun to decline notice- Lavender (Hyptis emoryi) 1.6, 46; Smoke ably by the time of the last visit. Topography Tree (Dalea spinosa) 1.3• 51; Pencil Cholla and elevation:Slopes gradually from 400 ft (Opuntia ramosissima) 1.0, 91; Catclaw 175. PALO VERDE-CHUPAROSA DE- (122 m) on the S to 300 ft (91 m) on the N. (Acacia greggii) 1.0, 17; Sweet Bush(Bebbta SERT WASH. --Location: California; River- Weather: Clear and sunny. Temperatures juncea) 0.7, 57; Allscale (Atriplexpolycarpa) sideCo., E wash of Bear Creek on E flank of varied from approximately 49øF in the early 0.7, 40; Indigo Bush (D. schottii) 0.4, 6, and Santa Rosa Mountains; SE 1/4 Sec. 13, T6S, morningto 105ø by late morning.Coverage: dead perennials 1.3, 148. Shrubs occurred R6E, La Quinta Quadrangle, USGS. Con- Mar. 24-25; Apr. 8-9, 29; June 16; 0523-1045 mostly in denseclumps that measuredup to tinuity: New. Size: 12.6 ha = 31.1 acres hrs. Total man-hours: 15. Census: Costa's several meters across. Although the wash is (roughly rectangular, approximately 780 m Hummingbird, 17 (135, 55); Verdin, 13 (103, heavily used by people, the habitat is rela- long; planimetric measurements of 1:13000 42);Gambel's Quail,. 6 (48, 19);Black-tailed tively undisturbed. A dirt road, comprised aerial photo). Description of Plot: Desert Gnatcatcher, 6; Mourning Dove, 3 (24, 10); mainly of sandywash bottom, runs the length woodland occurring along a sandy wash. House Finch, 3; Black-throatedSparrow, 3; of the plot. Edge:The washwoodland con-

Volume 36, Number I 95 t•nues N and S Along the hills that rise Sagavanlrktok (C-3) Quadrangle, USGS late June and early July accountedfor most abruptly to the E and W, the vegetation•s Continuity: Established1976; 6 consecutive of the reintuningnesting failure. Nests found more widely spaced than in the wash and years. Size: 100ha = 247.1 acres.Description [off studysite includedif the male's territory comprisesmostly a mix of elementsof the of Plot: SeeAB 34:82 (1980). Weather: Mean extended into plot; renesting attempts in- wash woodland and Creosote Bush scrub. daily max. temperature for June 13.5øC, cluded; (number successfully fledged in Besidessparse contributions by most of the mean daily min. temperaturefor June 2.2ø . parentheses)]:14 species,79 (22) nests.Lap- speciescited above, dominantplants on the Snow melt complete by June 9; 5 WSW land Longspur,33 (5); Am. GoldenPlover, slopes included Creosote, Cheesebush, storms between June 26 and July 10. Cover- 12 (1); Pectoral Sandpiper, 8 (6); Buff- Sweet Bush, Brittle Bush, cholla (Opuntia age:May 30-July10. Total man-hours:275. breastedSandpiper, 5 (1); redpoll, sp. 5 (1), spp ), Fagonia laevis, Indigo Bush, A/n- Census:Lapland Longspur, 40 (40, 16); Am. N. Phalarope,4 (1); Long-tailedJaeger, 3 (3), brosta dumosa, Aristida adscensionis, and Golden Plover, 16 (16, 6); Stilt Sandpiper,12 SemipalmatedSandpiper, 2 (2); Bar-tailed Krameria grayi, with lesscommon Ocotillo (12, 5); PectoralSandpiper, 8 (8, 3); Willow Godwit, 2 (1); Oldsquaw, 1 (1); Rock Ptarmi- (Fouqmeria splendens),and Barrel Cactus Ptarmigan,5 (5, 2); Buff-breastedSandpiper, gan, 1 (1); Black-belliedPlover, 1 (0); Whim- (Ferocactus acanthodes). Water: Open wa- 5; Bar-tailedGodwit, 5; redpoll sp. 5; Semi- brel, 1 (1); ParasiticJaeger, 1 (1). This work lS ter waspresent at 2 springs,located approxi- palmatedSandpiper, 4 (4, 2); N. Phalarope,4 part of a long-term ecologicalstudy of the mately 1 km S of the plot. Water was prob- (resting males); Rock Ptarmigan, 3 (3, 1); impact of North Slope petroleumresource ably also availablebeginning about 0.3 km N Long-tailed Jaeger, 3; Black-bellied Plover, developmentfunded through US DOE con- of the plot at the southernmostresidences of 2; Oldsquaw, 1; Whimbrel, 1; ParasiticJae- tract DE-ACO6-76RLO-1830.--BRIAN J La Quinta. Topography and Elevation: ger, 1; Pintail, +; Long-billedDowitcher, +; McCAFFER Y, ROBERT O. BURGESS, and Slopesgradually from 490ft (149m) on the S SavannahSparrow, +. Total: 19 species;115 WAYNE C. HANSON, Ecological Sciences to 390 ft (119 m) on the N. Weather: Mostly territorial males or females (115/100 ha, Dept., Battelle, Pacific Northwest Labora- clear and sunny with light intermittent rain 47/100 acres). Visitors: Red-throated Loon, tory, Richland, WA 99352. on 1 v•s•t.Temperatures varied from approx- CanadaGoose, Brant, White-frontedGoose, imately 49øFin the early morningto 105ø by Mallard, N. Shoveler, Am. Wigeon, Rough- late morning. Coverage:Mar. 24-25; Apr. 7- legged Hawk, Golden Eagle, Marsh Hawk, 178. WET COASTAL PLAIN TUNDRA. 8, 28-29; June 16; 0530-1115 hours. Total Gyrfalcon, PeregrineFalcon, Baird's Sand- -- Location:Alaska; North SlopeBorough, man-hours: 18.5. Census:Verdin, 15 (64, 26); piper, Corn.Snipe, Ruddy Turnstone, Poma- 13.8km (8.6 mi) SSW of Deadhorse;70ø5'N, Costa's Hummingbird, 13 (55, 22); Black- rine Jaeger, Glaucous Gull, Arctic Tern, 148ø30'W;Beechey Point Quadrangle(A-3) throatedSparrow, 11 (47, 19);Phainopepla, 8 Snowy Owl, Short-eared Owl, Tree Swal- USGS. Continuity: Established 1979; 3 con- (34, 14); Gambel's Quail, 7 (30, 12); Black- low, Corn. Raven, Yellow Wagtail. Remarks: secutiveyears. Size: 110 ha = 271.8 acres taded Gnatcatcher, 7; Cactus Wren, 5.5 (23, Totals calculated use nesting 9 Pectoral and (approximatelyrectangular in shapewith a 9), Mourning Dove, 4 (17, 7); Mockingbird, Buff-breasted Sandpipers. Calculations recentlyadded 300 m x 900m (27 ha) strip•n 3 5 (15, 6); Loggerhead Shrike, 3 (13, 5); based on territorial male Pectorial Sandpip- the NE corner of the study site resultingin a House Finch, 3; White-winged Dove, 2; Be- ers (5) and lekking Buff-breastedSandpipers site 10 ha larger than last year. The shapeand w•ck's Wren, 1; Rock Wren, 1; Brewer's (11) yield 118 territorial males (118/100 ha, size of the study site were altered for the Sparrow, 0.5; Roadrunner, +; Scott's 48/100 acres). Overall breedingdensities in purposesof evaluatingbreeding densities Oriole, +. Total: 17 species;84.5 territorial 1981were 59% and 57% higherthan thosein prior to the proposedconstruction of the males or females (359/km 2, 145/100 acres). 1979and 1980,respectively. Eight of the 13 ALCAN natural gas pipeline. The site •s V•sitors (numbers are maximum observed most common breeding speciesoccurred in surveyedand griddedat 50 m intervals).De- dunngany onevisit, total observedduring all the highest recorded densities of the 6-year scriptionof Plot: SeeAB 34:83-4(1979). With ws•ts) Red-tailed Hawk 1, 1; Gambel's Quail study, and only Buff-breasted Sandpipers the recent changesin size and shapeof the 14, 26, White-winged Dove 6, 12; Mourning nested in densities below the 6-year mean. plot there are slightchanges in percentcom- Dove 5, 14; Roadrunner2, 2; Lesser Night- Most of thisincrease occurred in 3 species(% position of vegetationtypes; the new per- hawk 1, 2; White-throated Swift 6, 9; Black- increaserelative to previoushigh): Lapland centagesare asfollows: Type 2 = 4%; Type 3 ch•nned Hummingbird 1, 1; Anna's Hum- Longspur(up 38%), Am. GoldenPlover (up = 30%; Type 4 = 46%; Type 5 = 16%;and m•ngb•rd 1, 1; W. Kingbird 1, 2; Ash- 23%), and Stilt Sandpiper(up 600%). These Type 13 = 4%. Weather: Mean temperature throated Flycatcher 5, 8; Say's Phoebe 1, 1; high breedingdensities cannot be explained and wind velocity for late May and June Hammond's Flycatcher 2, 3; Corn. Raven 1, by hypothesisinvolving the timing of snow respectively;3.6øC, and 10 mph. Mean tem- 1, Phmnopepla6, 10; Warbling Vireo 3, 5; melt, since the data of melt-off in 1981 was peratureand wind velocityfor July respec- Orange-crowned Warbler 4, 8; Nashville intermediate between the 1979 and 1980 tively; 7.7ø, and 10mph. Late May and early Warbler 4, 5; Yellow Warbler 3, 5; Yellow- dates. The steadyincrease in nestingdensity Junewas predominantly overcast with snow rumped Warbler 1, 2; Black-throated Gray from 1976to 1981 suggeststhat bird popula- flurries and temperaturesnear 0ø. The weath- Warbler 1, 1; MacGillivray's Warbler 2, 2; tions may be reestablishing territories in er was mostly clear throughthe remainderof Wdson's Warbler 4, 7; Hooded Oriole 1, 1; areas disturbed by energy-related de- the month with NE winds (strongat times), Scott's Oriole 3, 5; N. Oriole 6, 12; Black- velopments of the mid-70's. In fact, some except near the end of the month when we headed Grosbeak, 1, 3; House Finch 15, 38; speciesmay respondpositively to suchdis- encountered a few storms out of the SW. In Lesser Goldfinch 19, 35; Lawrence's turbancesin the long term. For example, 3 of July the pattern of frontal systemsout of the Goldfinch 10, 15; Brewer's Sparrow 4, 9; the 4 N. Phalarope nests occurred in areas SW continuedoff and on into the latter part White-crowned Sparrow 12, 24. Remarks: vegetatively altered by development. Con- of the month. Percent snow cover as follows Nests found (27): Costa's Hummingbird, 6; versely the accumulationof wind-blowndust May 28, 100%; June 1, 80%; June 5, 69%, Cactus Wren, 5; Vetdin, 4; Mockingbird, 3; on the lee side of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline June 10, 22%; June 15, 6% (concentrated Loggerhead Shrike, 3; Black-tailed Gnat- Haul Road has apparentlyreduced nesting aroundand above ground pipeline and pads), catcher, 2; Phainopepla, 2; Black-throated densities in the 15 ha affected by this dust June 20, 0%. The snow phenology was ap- Sparrow,2. This studywas supportedby the shadow (1 nest/3.75 ha versus 1 nest/2.05 ha proximately 5 days earlier than 1980. Per U S F•sh and Wildlife Service, Ecological in the rest of the plot). Thus, the ambiguous cent water cover as follows: May 28, 0%, Serwces Office, Laguna Niguel and by the cumulative effect of habitat alteration and June 1, 7%; June 5, 13%; June 10, 52% U S Army Corps of Engineers,Los Angeles recovery indicates that some other factor (peak); June 15, 45%; June 20, 32%. The D•stnct .--RICHARD ZEMBAL, BARBARA must account for the increased densities of water cover declined to a low of 23%, but W MASSEY, and GARY P. WHEELER, most speciesin 1981. then fluctuated periodically with numerous U S Ftsh and Wildlife Service, 24000 Avila Nesting successwas low this year, as only rain storms in late June and July. Coverage' Rd, Laguna Niguel, CA 92677. 28% of all nests fledgedyoung. Actual pro- May 28-June26; • 0800-1700in May and ductivity was even lower---only 21% of all June; • 0800-1200in July. Total man-hours eggslaid producedfledged young; 56% of the 776. Census:Lapland Longspur,53 (48, 19), nests were predated with the Lapland PectoralSandpiper, 24 (22, 9); Semipalmated 177. INLAND COASTAL TUNDRA. -- Longspurs and Am. Golden Plovers incur- Sandpiper,22 (20, 8); N. Phalarope,17 (15, Location:Alaska; North Slope Borough, 69 ring most of the losses (70% and 83% nest 6); Red Phalarope,6 (5, 2); Dualin, 5 (5, 2), km S of Prudhoe Bay; 69ø41'N, 148ø42'W, loss,respectively). The inclementweather in Stilt Sandpiper, 4 (4, 1); Arctic Loon, 3, (3,

96 American Birds, January 1982 1); Oldsquaw, 3; Willow Ptarmigan, 3; Long- species,such as N. Phalaropes,and the "late Least Flycatchers, as usual, were concen- billed Dowitcher, 3; Am. Golden Plover, 2; wave" of 9 Pectoral Sandpipers can take trated in the NW corner, but in contrast to White-fronted Goose, 1; Pintail, 1; King Ei- advantageof the habitat closeto the pipeline former years they did not occur in the NE, der, 1; Baird's Sandpiper, 1; Long-tailed Jae- and pad. In terms of nesting densities SE, or NW centralregions. This is probably ger, 1; SavannahSparrow, I; Snow Bunting, (nests/ha), the E (upwind) side had a 28% related to a slight decrease in abundance of 1. Total: 19 species; 152 territorial males or higher nesting density than that of the W this species. Red-eyed Vireos and Am. Red- females (138/km2; 56/100 acres). Visitors: (downwind) side in 1981. Of the 147 nests starts continuously increased in abundance Yellow-billed Loon, Red-throated Loon, found on the plot 54 (37%) successfully throughout the count period and were still Whistling Swan, Canada Goose, Brant (both fledged young. The dramatic decline in suc- noted moving on to territories after mid- bernida and nigricans), Snow Goose, Mal- cess rate for the season was primarily the June. KEN DE SMET, Manitoba Dept. of lard, Green-winged Teal, N. Shoveler, Am. result of Arctic Foxes. A 9 Arctic Fox was Natural Resources, 1495 St. James St., Win- Wigeon, Greater Scaup, Spectacled Eider, almost daily observed either hunting or nipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3H OW9. Rough-legged Hawk, Golden Eagle, Marsh traveling acrossthe plot. The successrate in Hawk, Gyrfalcon, Peregrine Falcon, Rock 1979 and 1981 was 35% and 37% respec- 180. LOW ARCTIC TUNDRA. -- Loca- Ptarmigan, Sandhill Crane, Semipalmated tively, and in both years foxes hunted the tion: Manitoba; Churchill, about 2 km S of Plover, Black-bellied Plover, Bar-tailed plot. In 1980,foxes were rarely observedand the main terminal building at the Churchill Godwit, Whimbrel, RuddyTurnstone, Corn. success rate was 70%. Nests located (num- airport; 58ø45'N, 94øIYW, Churchill, Snipe, Sanderling,Buff-breasted Sandpiper, bers hatched successfullyin parentheses): Manitoba (1: 250,000)topographic map. Con- Pomafine Jaeger, ParasiticJaeger, Glaucous Lapland Longspur 47 (9), I I renests(2); Pec- tinuity: New. Size: 16.16 ha = 39.9 acres Gull, Slaty-backed Gull, Sabine's Gull, Arc- toral Sandpiper 24 (8); Semipalmated Sand- (square, 402 x 402 m, paced). Descriptionof tic Tern, Snowy Owl, Short-earedOwl, Bank piper 22 (11), 2 renests(1); N. Phalarope 17 Plot: Low, wet tundra dominated by various Swallow, Corn. Raven, Yellow Wagtail, red- (12); Red Phalarope6 (5); Arctic Loon 3 (0), 1 sedges including Scirpus cespitosus, and poll sp. Remarks: Total 6 Pectoral Sandpip- renest (1); Dunlin 3 (1); Am. Golden Plover 2 numerous raised areas, composed of rein- ers defending territories was 23; thus the (0); White-fronted Goose I (1); Pintail I (0); deer lichens (Cladonia sp.). Predominant total breedingdensity changes to 151territo- King Eider I (0); Long-billed Dowitcher 1 woody vegetation included Dwarf Birch (Be- rial males (137/100 km 2, 56/100 acres) if (0); Baird's SandpiperI (1); Stilt Sandpiper1 tula glandulosa), Lapland Rosebay (Rhodo- calculations are based on males instead of (1); Long-tailed Jaeger 1 (0); SavannahSpar- dendron!apponicum) and a prostratewillow females. The number of breeding/territorial row I (1); Snow Bunting I (0). This work is (Salix reticulata). Three small Black Spruce species increased by 5 over 1980 total. The part of a long-term ecologicalstudy on the (Picea mariana) grew near the E and S bor- increaseinvolved the additionof 7 species; impact of the North Slope petroleum re- ders. Time did not permit a quantitative Pintail, Oldsquaw, King Eider, Baird's Sand- source developmentsfunded through the US analysisof the vegetation.Edge: Bounded on piper, Long-tailed Jaeger, Savannah Spar- DOE Contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830.- the W, S and E by similar habitat, and on the row, Snow Bunting; and the absenceof red- CRAIG J. HOHENBERGER, DAVID P. N by an infrequently used gravel road. To- poll and Com. Snipe. The breeding of the RUDHOLM, and WAYNE C. HANSON, pography: Flat; 4 small (<0.5 ha ) tundra Long-tailedJaegers in the area was probably Ecological Sciences Dept., Battelle, Pacific ponds held water. Elevation: 45 ft (13.7 m). the result of high Brown and Collared Lem- Northwest Laboratory, Richland, WA Weather: DuringJune, the meantemperature ming populations.In pastfield seasons,Lem- 99352. was +6.6øC (+0.5øC above normal), and in mings were virtually absent; however, in July 13.4ø (+ 1.4ø above normal). Precipita- 1981 Lemmings were regularly observed. tion totaled 18.2 mm in June and 64.5 mm in The high Snowy Owl population also sup- 179. ASPEN FOREST. -- Location: July. These figures deviated -21.8 mm and ports this premise. The total breedingdensity Manitoba; Morton Municipality; near Bois- + 15.2 mm from normal. The tundra was declined 8% from 1980. Four species ac- sevain, 322 m E of Hwy 446 along the N snowfree for 24 days in Juneand throughout countedfor 75% of the total breedingdensi- boundary of Turtle Mountain Prov. Park; July. The Churchill River was ice-free on ties: Lapland Longspur34%; PectoralSand- Sect. 31, Rge. 20, T.I; 49ø05'N, 100ø08'W, June 11. Coverage:July 7-11; 0400-0630and piper 16%; SemipalmatedSandpiper 16%; Deloraine 62F/1. Continuity: Established 1700-2300. Total man-hours: 7.7 Census: and N. Phalarope11%. Comparedto the 1980 1977; 5 consecutive years. Size: 16 ha = 39.2 Savannah Sparrow, 4 (25, 10); Am. Golden breedingdensities of the above 4 species, acres. Descriptionof Plot: See AB 33:96-97 Plover, 2.5; Whimbrel, 2; Dunlin, 2; Smith's Lapland Longspurs were +9%; Pectoral (1979). Weather: Temperatures slightly be- Longspur, 2; Hudsonian Godwit, 1.5; Stilt Sandpiper- 68%; SemipalmatedSandpiper low normal for June. Precipitation low till -80%; and N. Phalarope + 50%. In the 3 early June, then normal. Coverage:May 30; yearsof studyat the site, Lapland Longspurs June 3, 9, II, 20, 24, 26; July 3; 0545-0845, and N. Phalaropes were at their highest CDT. Total man-hours: 22. Census: Red- breedingdensities, Pectoral Sandpipersand eyed Vireo, 12.5 (79, 32); Least Flycatcher, Semipalmated Sandpipers at their lowest. 7.5 (47, 19); Ovenbird, 6.5 (41, 17); Veery, Northern Phalaropeshave increased sharply 4.5 (28, 11); Am. Redstart, 3.5 (22, 9); Com. in the 3 years ( + 300%). The first full clutch of Yellowthroat, 3 (19, 8); Great Crested Fly- a Lapland Longspur(earliest breedingbird) catcher, 2; White-throated Sparrow, 2; in 1979 was June 6; 1980, June 12; and in Ruffed Grouse, 1.5; Am. Robin, I; Mourning 1981, June 4. The first full clutch in 1981 was Warbler, 1; Brown-headed Cowbird, 1; 2 days earlier than in 1979 even though the House Wren, 0.5; Rose-breasted Grosbeak, snow phenologyin 1981 was approximately 0.5; WarblingViero, +; N. Waterthrush, +. 14 days behindthat of 1979.The explanation Total: 16 species; 47 territorial males or fe- for this phenomenonis in the patternof snow males (296/km2; 120/100 acres). Visitors: melt in 1981, which beganjust after May 27, Sora, Mourning Dove, Ruby-throated Hum- and then proceeded very slowly with the mingbird, Yellow-bellied Sapsucker, Hairy persistent cloud cover and cold days. Woodpecker, E. Kingbird, Blue Jay, Black- Coupled with the slow snow melt pattern, capped Chickadee, White-breasted Nut- high water cover prolongedinitiation of egg hatch, Cedar Waxwing, Red-winged Black- laying. The result was an extremely pro- bird, N. Oriole, Com. Grackle, Chipping tractedbreeding season with little synchrony Sparrow, Song Sparrow. Remarks: Nests in hatching dates. There seems to be a located: Veery, 1; Ovenbird, 1. Red-eyed cumulative effect taking place in regardsto Vireo territories occupied most of the plot. the impoundment of water on the W side of Ovenbirdsoccurred where Red-eyedVireos the plot. Over the past 3 years, the distribu- were not found. Undoubtedly this is related tion of nests have progressivelyoccurred to the apparentpreference of Ovenbirdsfor Breeding Bird Census 180, Low Arctic farther to the W away from the flooded sites with sparse shrubbery while the Red- Tundra, Churchill, Manitoba. Photo/ Cratg habitat. Only some of the later nesting eyed Vireo requiressubstantial shrub cover. A. Faanes.

Volume36, NumberI 97 Sandpiper,1; Least Sandpiper,i; Parasitic throated Vireo, 0.5; N. Oriole, 0.5; Rose- uge, USDI, Fish and Wildlife Service, R.D. Jaeger, 0.5; Tree Sparrow, +. Total: 10 breastedGrosbeak, 0.5; Great Blue Heron, #1 Box 152, Basking Ridge, NJ 07920. species; 16.5 territorial males (102/kinz, +; Broad-wingedHawk, +; BarredOwl, +; 41/100 acres). Visitors:Canada Goose, Wil- Ruby-throatedHummingbird, +; Am. Red- 183. FRESHWATER BULRUSH MARSH low Ptarmigan,Long-tailed Jaeger, Arctic start, +; Cardinal,+. Total:34 species;196 WITH SCATTERED TREES. -- Location: Tern, Short-caredOwl, Sprague'sPipit, territorialmales (2422/km 2, 980/100 acres). New Jersey;Morris Co., 1 mi E of Basking White-crowned Sparrow. Remarks: Nest Remarks:A little higherdensity than normal. Ridge,Great Swamp Nat'l WildlifeRefuge; found:Dunlin, 2. The Sprague'sPipit repre- Water level was normal.Nearby hardwood Waterfowl Management Unit No. 3A. sentedthe first record for this speciesat infestationof gypsymoth caterpillarswas 40ø41'N, 74ø32'W, Bernardsville Quad- Churchill and for Northern Manitoba.- significant,perhaps causing increased alter- rangle,USGS. Continuity:Established 1980. CRAIG A. FAANES, U.S. Fish and Wildb.'fe natefeeding in Buttonbushand willow by Size: 5.02 ha = 12.4 acres. Descriptionof Service,Northern Prairie WildlifeResearch songbirds.--ANDREW MAGEE, 34 Hobson Plot:Sec AB 35:97 (1981).Weather: Average Center, Jamestown, ND 58401. St., Springfield, MA 01109. temperaturefor May was 64øF(28-86ø). Total rainfallwas 4.66 in. Averagetemperature for 182. CAT-TAIL-BULRUSH SWAMP. -- June was 67ø (41-86ø).Total rainfall was 3.89 181. SHRUBBY SWAMP AND SEDGE Location:New Jersey;Morris Co., I mi E of in. Coverage:May 22, 29; June i, 3, 5, 8, 10, HUMMMOCKS. -- Location: Connecticut; BaskingRidge, Great Swamp Nat'l Wildlife 12; 0500-0630. Total man-hours: 12. Census: Litchfield Co., N end of Bantam Lake, Refuge;Waterfowl Management Unit No. 2. SwampSparrow, 12 (239, 97); Red-winged White Memorial Foundation, Litchfield; 40ø41'N, 74ø32'W, Bernardsville Quad- Blackbird, 9 (179, 73); Yellow Warbler, 7 41ø43'02"N,73ø12'27"W, Litchfield Quad- rangle, USGS. Continnity:Established 1980. (139, 56); Corn. Yellowthroat, 5 (100, 40); rangle,USGS. Continnity:Established 1965; Size: 5.87 ha = 14.5 acres. Descriptionof Willow Flycatcher, 2.5; Long-billedMarsh 15 intermittent years. Size: 8.09 ha = 20 Plot: See 35:98 (1981). Weather:Average Wren, 2; E. Kingbird, 1. Total: 7 species; acres. Descriptionof Plot: See AFN 19: 625- temperaturefor May was 64øF(28-86ø). Total 38.5 territorial males (767/km•; 310/100 627 (1965). Coverage:June 4-6, 9. Total man- rainfallwas 4.66 in. Averagetemperature for acres). Visitors: Mallard, Wood Duck, hours:14. Census:Swamp Sparrow, 48 (593, June was 67ø (41-86ø). Total rainfall was 3.89 Canada Goose, Great Blue Heron, Green 240); Red-wingedBlackbird, 38 (469, 190); in. Coverage:May 15, 19, 22, 29; June 1, 5, Heron, Virginia Rail, Mourning Dove, Yel- Yellow Warbler,24 (297, 120);Virginia Rail, 10, 19; 0530-0800 hours. Total man-hours: low-billedCuckoo, Starling, Corn. Grackle, 14(173, 70); Corn. Yellowthroat, 12 (148, 60); 16. Censns: Long-billed Marsh Wren, 21 Am. Goldfinch, Song Sparrow. Remarks: WillowFlycatcher, 10 (124, 50); SongSpar- (358, 145);Swamp Sparrow, 8 (136,55); Red- Nests found: Red-winged Blackbird (i), row, 10; Gray Catbird, 5 (62, 25); Am. wingedBlackbird, 5.5 (94, 38); Corn.Yellow- Long-billed Marsh Wren (1).--THEODORE Goldfinch,5; Mallard, 4 (49, 20); CedarWax- throat, 2. Total: 4 species;36.5 territorial W. GUTZKE, Great Swamp Nat'l Wildlife wing,4; E. Kingbird,3 (37, 15);Long-billed males (622/km z, 252/100 acres). Visitors: Refuge,U.S.D.I., Fish and WildlifeService, Marsh Wren, 3; Wood Duck, 2; Black-billed Great Blue Heron, Green Heron, Least Bit- R.D. #1, Box 152, BaskingRidge, NJ07920. Cuckoo, 2; Alder Flycatcher, 2; Brown- tern, Canada Goose, Mallard, Wood Duck, headedCowbird, 2; CanadaGoose, 1; Black Virginia Rail, ChimneySwift, Willow Fly- 184. CAT-TAIL MARSH. -- Location: Duck, 1; Tree Swallow, 1; Black-capped catcher,Tree Swallow, Barn Swallow, Blue New York; St. Lawrence Co., 2 mi NW of Chickadee, 1; Chestnut-sidedWarbler, 1; Jay, Corn.Crow, Yellow Warbler,Bobolink, Canton, NE end of Upper and Lower Lakes Yellow-billed Cuckoo, 0.5; Corn. Flicker, Corn. Grackle. HAROLD P. LAS- 0.5; Great CrestedFlycatcher, 0.5; Yellow- Wildlife Mgt. Area; 1 mi SW of Rte 68; KOWSKI, Great SwampNat'l WildlifeRef- 44ø37'N, 75ø14'W Canton Quadrangle, USGS. Continnity:Established 1978; 3 inter- mittent years. Size: 9.7 ha = 24 acres. De- scription of Plot: See AB 33:103 (1979) and 35:35 (1981); 7 acres alder edge added to S P E- !{ marsh this year. Weather: See Census 7. Coverage:Apr. 28, 30; May 5-8, 18-19,23, 27, Why lug that heavytripod afield? 29; June 5, 26; 0630-1900, EST. Total man- Nowthe SCOPE-STOK TMbrace will carry your telescope, and in just hours: 7. Census:Red-winged Blackbird, 23 seconds,provide a steadysupport for zeroingin onelusive (237, 96); Long-billed Marsh Wren, 7 (72, wildlife...withthese advantages: 29); Yellow Warbler, 5.5 (57, 23); Corn. Gal- ß Lighterand easier to use...morecomfortable to carry linule, 5 (51,21); Blue-wingedTeal, 3.5 (36, ß Scopeposition and strap adjust to bodybuild--and camera use 15); Swamp Sparrow, 2; Song Sparrow, 2; ß Freesboth hands for climbing,taking notes Pied-billed Grebe, 1.5; Am. Bittern, 1.5; Am. ß Holdsscope even steadier if strapis usedin militaryfashion Coot, 1.5; E. Kingbird, 1.5; Alder Fly- catcher, 1.5; Gray Catbird, 1.5; Corn. Yel- ß Fitsall conventionally-designedscopeswith tripod lug opening and will accommodatecamera cable release lowthroat, 1.5; Canada Goose, 1: Mallard, I; ß Usenot restricted by terrain Black Duck, 1; Killdeer, 1; Corn. Snipe, i; Ring-neckedDuck, 0.5; Black Tern, 0.5. To- ß Beautifullyfinished walnut complements your appearance--and yourequipment tal: 21 species; 64.5 territorial males (664/km2; 269/100 acres). Visitors: Tree ß Oualitymaterials used throughout Swallow, Barn Swallow, Corn. Crow. Re- ß Pricedlower than a qualitytripod marks: Observed Pied-15illed Grebe. Canada ß Money-backguarantee Goose, Black Duck, Corn. Gallinule and Am. Coot with young; Song Sparrow nest.- [] Pleaserush my SCOPE-STOK TMbrace, including KENNETH L. CROWELL, Dept. of Biol., instructions,for only$69.50 postpaid. (N.Y. State St. Lawrence Univ., Canton, NY 13617. residentsadd applicable sales tax.) Enclosedfind CHECK MONEYORDER in the amountof $ . (C.O.D.ORDERS ACCEPTED). 185. CAT-TAlL MARSH.--Location: On- [] Enclosedfindstamp for literature anddiscount price tario; Haldimand-Norfolk Regional Munici- listcovering popular brands of binoculars.telescopes .¾ andaccessories. pality, Port Rowan, 0.2 mi NE of Long Point NAME Prov. Park;42ø35'N,80ø22'W, Big Rice Bay, ADDRESS Dept. of Energy, Mines and Resources,Ot- .,-"• CITY STATE__ ZIP__ tawa. Continnity: New. Size: 7.5 ha = 18.5 acres(square, surveyed). Description of Plot: OpticsHeadquarters for the BirdWatcher Narrow-leaved Cat-tail (Typha angustifolia) A Divisionof SportingOptics, Inc. accountedfor 100% of the emergentvegeta- BIRDING P.O.Box 5X, Amsterdam, N.Y. 12010 tion. Water depthsranged from 58-96cm and PHONE(518) 842-0863

98 AmericanBirds, January 1982 averaged 74 cm. Percentage open water centration ranges from 2 to 20 parts per summer rainfall season. Little flooding oc- cover (small pools) was estimated at 35%. thousand depending on level of flooding. curs from the St. JohnsRiver due to highway Edge: Surroundedby open water and similar Soils range from sand to muck, frequently construction. Ground water salt concentra- habitat. Topography:Flat. Elevation:573 ft. with sandysurface softs high in organicmat- tion averages 6-8 parts per thousand. Softs Weather: Generally warm (70-85øF) and ter and clay subsoilswithin 0.1 m. Vegetation range from sand to muck, frequently with sunny with light winds. Coverage:May 18, cover was determined from sampling 317 sandysurface soils high in organicmatter and 21, 31; June 5, 15, 28; July 1, 6; 0700-1200, plots. Primary vascularplant speciesin order clay subsoilswithin 0.1 m. Vegetation was EST. Total man-hours: 27. Census: Red- of importance (% frequency of occurrence) determinedfrom sampling90 plots. Primary winged Blackbird, 139 (1857, 751); Corn. were: Cordgrass( Spartina bakerii), 94; Firn- vascular plant speciesin order of importance Grackle, 51 (681, 276); Long-billed Marsh bristylis castanea, 33; Needle Rush (Juncns (% frequency of occurrence) were: Cord- Wren, 24 (321,130); Black Tern, 14 (187, 76); roernerianns), 16; Morning Glory (Ipornoea grass(Spartina bakerii), 97; ClimbingHemp- Corn. Gallinule, 4 (53, 22); Pied-billed Grebe, sagittata), 13; Sawgrass(Cladiurnjarnaicen- weed (Mikania scandens), 43; Morning 3 (40, 16); Mallard, 3; Am. Bittern, 2; Least sis), 13; Salt Grass (Distichlis spicata), 8; Glory (Ipornoea sagittata), 37; Knotroot Bittern, 1. Total: 9 species; 241 territorial Leavenworth Goldenrod (Solidago leaven- Bristlegrass(Setaria geniculata), 34; Eryngo males or females (3219/km 2, 1303/100 worthii), 8. Edge: Bordered on all sides by (Eryngiurnbaldwinii), 28; Pluchea rosea, 27; acres). Visitors: Great Blue Heron and similar habitat. Topography:Flat. Elevation: Sea-purslane (Sesuvium portulascastrurn), Black-crowned Night Heron. Remarks: 3.7 m. Weather: Hot and humid but lacking 23; Firnbristylis castanea, 20+; Pinehill Nests found (237): Red-winged Blackbird, normal rainfall, 10-32øC.Coverage: Apr. 22, Beakrush (Rhynchospora globularis), 20; 139; Corn. Grackle, 51; Long-billed Marsh 28; May 12, 14, 20; June 17, 22; July 3; 0530- Carphephorus odoratissirnus, 20; Gulf Wren, 24; Black Tern, 14; Pied-billed Grebe, 0730, 0900-1000, and 1800-2000,EDT. Total Hairawn Muhly (Muhlenbergia capillaris), 3; Mallard, 3; Am. Bittern, 2; Least Bittern, man-hours: 16. Census: Red-winged Black- 16; Sea Myrtle (Baccharis halirnifolia), 16; 1; Corn. Gallinule, 1. Of special note was the bird, 23 (92, 37); E. Meadowlark, 4 (16, 6); Star Rush (Dichrornena colorata), 16; Panic large numberof nestinggrackles. This study King Rail, 3 (12, 5); Corn. Nighthawk, 2 Grass (Paniurn boscii), 12; False Willow was funded by a Canadian Wildlife Service (females). Total: 4 species; 32 territorial (Baccharis angustifolia), 10. Edge: Bordered contract. Special thanks to John Haggeman males or females (120/km2; 48/100 acres). on all sides by similar habitat. Topography: for his field assistance.---JON D. Mc- Visitors: Black Rail, Com. Yellowthroat. Re- Flat. Elevation: 3.7 m. Weather: Hot and CRACKEN, Long Point Bird Observatory, marks: Nests located: Com. Nighthawk, 2; humid but lacking normal rainfall; 10-32øC. Port Rowan, Ontario, Canada NOE IMO. Red-winged Blackbird, 2.--WILLARD P. Coverage:Apr. 23, 27; May 11, 13, 19; June LEENHOUTS, St. Johns Nat'l Wildlife Ref- 17,23; July9;0530-0730, 0900-1100 and 1800- 186. CORDGRASS SALT MARSH I. -- uge, P.O. Box 6504, Titusville, FL 32780. 2000, EDT. Total man-hours: 16. Census: Location: Florida, Brevard Co., NW of 1-95 Red-winged Blackbird, 24 (96, 39); King and State Rd 50 intersection; 28ø34'N, 187. CORDGRASS SALT MARSH If. -- Rail, 5 (20, 8); Black Rail, 5; Corn. Yellow- 84ø5YW, Titusville SW Quadrangle, USGS. Location: Florida, Brevard Co., E of State throat, 4 (16, 6); E. Meadowlark, 3 (12, 5); Continuity: New. Size: 25 ha = 61.8 acres Rd 407 and State Rd 528 intersection; Rufous-sidedTowhee, 0.5. Total: 6 species; (square, surveyed). Descriptionof Plot: The 28ø28'N, 80ø51'W, Sharpes Quadrangle, 41.5 territorial males (164/km2; 66/100 plot is irregularly flooded by rainfall events USGS. Continuity: New. Size: 25 ha = 61.8 acres). Visitors: Bobwhite. Remarks: Nests and regularly flooded by cyclic changesof acres(square, surveyed). Description of Plot: located: Red-winged Blackbird; 3. Little the St. Johns River. Ground water salt con- Irregularly flooded by rainfall during the Blue Heron, Green Heron, and White Ibis

"The bookis great. Bird watchingin New York WHERE TO FIND BIRDS Stateshould reach a new high. This is the most IN NEW YORK STATE: detailedand sophisticatedstate directoryyet pro- duced."--RogerTory Peterson The Top500 Sites

"WHE TO FIND BIRDS SusanRoney Drennan IN NEW YORK STATE Forewordby Roger Tory Peterson Top500 Sites This is the firstcomprehensive birding site guide for all of New York, with information on and directionsto more than 500 top birdingsites. Each site hasa seasonalrating, physiographicde- scription,and list of specieslikely to be found there. Other sectiofisinclude sitesand habitatsfor hawks, rare, pelagic, resi- dent, andmigratory birds. Includes 106 detailedmaps prepared especiallyfor thisbook. Whether for usein the fieldor at home, Whereto Find Birds in New York State will be invaluable for both the serious and amateur birder. 672pages, 106 maps, bibliography, index Cloth$38.00 Paper$18.95

SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY PRESS

1011 East Water Street Dept.Syracuse,BANY 13210 •

Volume 36, Number I 99 were seenfeeding on the plot followingflood- to 31 ha. The new area containsless optimal mornings with winds less than 24 km/h and ing.--WILLARD P. LEENHOUTS, St. nesting sites, hence the decreasein Seaside with no precipitation. Temperatures: 37ø- Johns Nut'l Wildlife Refuge, P.O. Box 6504, Sparrowdensity from last year. Most of the 72øF. Titusville, F132780. SeasideSparrow males were mated. Nests of Although no censuses were conducted SeasideSparrows were found and tape re- with precipitation,rainfall for Junewas 7 mm 188. GULF COAST SALT MARSH. -- Lo- cordingsmade of all individualcolor-marked above average. Precipitation was recorded cation: Florida; Levy Co., 6 km NNW of males counted in this survey. As last year, on 26 of 30 days in June which caused the Cedar Key,; a marsh bounded on SW by the single Long-billed Marsh Wren was un- water levels in the peatlandsto be approxi- Prodie Creek, on the S by Live Oak Key and tasted. No major floodsoccurred this year.- mately 0.25 m higher than normal. Since the the Gulf of Mexico (WaccasassaBay) and on MARY VICTORIA McDONALD, Dept. of 1980 breedingseason occurred in a dry year the NE by Dorset Creek; 29ø11'N, 83ø00'W, Zoology, Univ. of Florida, Gainesville,FL (precipitation 4.15 mm below the average) a SumnerQuadrangle, US6S. Continuity:Es- 32611. comparison between 1980 and 1981 repre- tablished 1980. Size: 31 ha = 76.6 acres (in- sents a wide variation in precipitation and crease from previous 15 ha). Descriptionof this presumably had an impact on bird Plot: See AB 35: 99, 104 (1980). Weather: BREEDING BIRD CENSUSES IN speciescomposition and density. Mostly clear days, 50ø-91øF.No censustaken THE RED LAKE PEATLANDS OF Thanks to Farton Wallace who helped when wind was over 10 km/h. Coverage: NORTHERN MINNESOTA conduct the censuses.Funding for the proj- Feb. 28;Mar. 7,21, 28;Apr. 2,4,9, 11-12, 15- ect was provided by Northern States Power 16, 18-19, 22, 24, 25-26, 29-30; May 2-3, 7, 10, The following 5 censuseswere conducted Company, Minneapolis, Minnesota.- 13-14, 17, 20-21,24, 27-28, 30-31; June 13,20, in the Red Lake peatlands,an 800 km2 bog JOANN HANOWSKI, MARY BETH NEV- 25, 27; July 2, 9, 16, 25. Total man-hours: located N of Upper Red Lake in NW Min- ERS, and GERALD J. NIEMI, Dept. of 168. Census:Seaside Sparrow, 49 (158, 64); nesota. These censusesare designedto as- Biological Sciences, Fl. State Univ., Tal- Clapper Rail, 16 (52, 21); Long-billed Marsh sessthe impact of a 500 kilovolt transmission lahassee, FL 32306. Wren, 1. Total: 3 species;66 territorial males line on the bird populations in the major (213/km 2, 86/100 acres). Visitors: White habitat types within the peatlands.The cen- 189. CLOSED BLACK SPRUCE BOG. -- Pelican, Brown Pelican, Double-crested susesreported are the "control"plots for this Location: Minnesota; Koochiching Co., 22.4 Cormorant, Great Blue Heron, Green study (seeAB 35:99-100 (1980). km NE of Waskish, W of Pine Island Trail; Heron, Little Blue Heron, Cattle Egret, Each plot was censused8 times duringthe 48ø 16'06"N, 94023' 16"W, Wayland SW Quad- Great Egret, Snowy Egret, Yellow-crowned breeding season(May 23-July 10) between rangle, USGS. Continuity:Established 1980. Night Heron, White Ibis, Turkey Vulture, 0445 and 0955, CDT (most 0500-0830). The Size;.17.5 ha = 43.24 acres.Des•iption of Marsh Hawk, Osprey, Virginia Rail, Willet, census rate was approximately 17 m/min, Plot: See AB 35:100 (1980). Weather: See Greater Yellowlegs, Lesser Yellowlegs, except in the open fen where it was 20 introduction.Coverage: May 23, 28, 31; June Least Sandpiper, Dunlin, Short-billed Dow- m/min. Censusesof each plot were rotated 9, 13, 25, 27; July 9; 0500-0900, CDT. Total itcher, Ring-billed Gull, Laughing Gull, among 3 observers. Two censusroutes were man-hours: 17. Census: Nashville Warbler, Forster's Tern, Royal Tern, Belted alternatelyused in eachplot so that eachline 10 (57, 23); Palm Warbler, 10; Connecticut Kingfisher, Fish Crow, Red-wingedBlack- in a 50 x 50 m grid systemwas walked every Warbler, 10; Yellow-rumpedWarbler, 5 (29, bird, Sharp-tailed Sparrow. Remarks: The other census. Census routes were, thus, 12); Dark-eyed Junco, 4 (23, 9); Yellow- survey area was expanded this year from 15 100 m apart. Censuses were conducted on bellled Flycatcher, 3 (17, 7); Hermit Thrush, 3; Chipping Sparrow, 2; Golden-crowned Kinglet, 1: Gray Jay, 1; Blue Jay, +; Boreal Chickadee, +. Total: 12 species;49 territo- Birders write about RARE BIRDS OF THE WEST COAST rial males or females (280/km:; 113/100 by Don Roberson: acres). Visitors: E. Kingbird, Olive-sided Flycatcher, Red-breastedNuthatch, Brown- Birdinghas come of ageon the WestCoast with thisbook which every active birder headed Cowbird. Remarks: Nests found: shouldhave, whether he is a neophyteor one of the sophisticatedhotshots looking for strays within the states and provinces that border the Pacific. Roberson has done a Nashville Warbler, 1; Palm Warbler, 1 (cow- masterfuljob in compilinggraphing, mapping and documentingthese rarities as well bird parasitized). The species composition as gawng us somehot t•ps on •dent•ficat•onproblems. A must. was nearly identical to 1980. The Golden- Roger Tory Peterson crowned Kinglet was new while the White- throated Sparrow was absent. The densities I almost didn't buy it because the title did not seem to offer much to a birder from of most specieswere similar to 1980with the Michigan.I wouldhave been much quicker to getit if I had realizedhow much good ID info there is contained within. exception of the Palm and Nashville warblers Bill Bouton which showed slight increasesand the Con- This is a book which all necticut Warbler which doubledits popula- ornithologists who have an tion. The population showed an overall in- interest in North American bird distribution should crease of 32% from 1980. obtain. Guy McCaskie, Birding 190. OPEN BLACK SPRUCE BOG. -- Lo- cation: Minnesota; Lake of the Woods Co., A unique and very helpful contribution to North 1.6 km NE of Beltrami and Lake of the American Ornithology. It is Woods Co. line on Minn. Hwy 72; the kind of book that makes birders drool! 48•23'05", 94ø3Y21", Chase Brook NE Jim Tucker, ABA founder Quadrangle, USGS. Continuity: Established 1980. Size: 5 ha = 12.36 acres. Descriptionof Very useful identification Plot: see AB 35:100 (1980). Weather: See summaries . . . fascinating reading for rarity enthusiasts introduction. Coverage:May 25, 29; June 4, anywherein the world. 12, 15, 29; July 1, 8: 0445-0950, CDT. Total British Birds review man-hours:6.8. Census:Savannah Sparrow, 500 pages covering nearly 7 (140, 57); Lincoln's Sparrow,4 (80, 32); E. 300 birds. Color paintings Kingbird, I; Nashville Warbler, 1; Palm of over 100 species, 250 Warbler, 1; Clay-colored Sparrow, 1; Yel- photos, maps, graphs, and much more. low-bellied Flycatcher, +; Yellow-rumped Warbler, +. Total: 8 species; 15 territorial $24.95 Plus1.50 Published by the author, Order from males or females (300/km 2, 121/ 100 acres). shipping. Cal. resi- WOODCOCK PUBLICATIONS Visitors:Sharp-tailed Grouse, Tree Swallow, dents add 1.50 sales Box 985, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 Cedar Waxwing, Yellow Warbler, Brown- tax. headed Cowbird, White-throated Sparrow.

100 AmericanBirds, January 1982 Remarks: The •pecles composition was 193. OPEN FEN. -- Location: Minnesota, 1, Red-headedWoodpecker, 1, Hairy Wood- nearly the sameas the 1980census. Yellow- Beltrami Co., 2.8 km SE of Beltrami-Lake of pecker, 1; Downy Woodpecker, 1, Great bellied Flycatcher and Yellow-rumped War- the Woods Co. line on Minn. Hwy 72; Crested Flycatcher, 1; White-breasted bler were new and the Bobolink was not 48ø22'00"N, 94ø32'34"W, Ludlow Lookout Nuthatch, 1; Tufted Titmouse, 1, Am present this year. The Savannah Sparrow Tower Quadrangle, USGS. Continuity: Es- Robin, 1; Red-eyed Vireo, 1; Ovenbird, 1, population showed an increase of 25% over tablished 1980. Size: 15 ha = 37.07 acres. Scarlet Tanager, 1; Cardinal, 1. Total: 17 1980 and the overall population increased Description of Plot: See AB 35: lea (1980). species; 25 territorial males (294/km 2, 15%. Weather: See introduction. Coverage:May 119/100 acres). Visitors: Com. Crow, Red- 27; June 2, 10, 14, 23, 26, 30; July 10; 0505- winged Blackbird, Com. Grackle.--JAMES 0925, CDT. Total man-hours: 14. Censns: Le AND CARL MULLINS, 2558 Locust Lane, 191. SHRUB SWAMP. -- Location: Min- Conte's Sparrow, 40 (267, 108); Short-billed Stevensville, MI 49127. nesota; Lake of the Woods Co., 3.2 km SW Marsh Wren, 21 (140, 57); Bobolink, 9 (60, from the junction of Minn. Hwy 72 and 24); SavannahSparrow, 1. Total: 4 species; 195. BULRUSH AND CAT-TAIL MARSH County Rd 77; 48ø24'19"N, 94ø35'51"W, 71 territorial males or females (473/km2; IN CONIFER FOREST. -- Location: Mon- Chase Brook NE Quadrangle, USGS. Con- 192/100 acres). Visitors: Short-eared Owl, tana; Lake Co., on W side of Flathead Lake, tinuity: Established 1980. Size: 12.5 ha = Tree Swallow, White-throatedSparrow. Re- 6 mi N of Polsonon Kings Point Rd; 47ø35'N, 30.9 acres. Descriptionof Plot: SeeAB 35:100 marks: Changesin the speciescomposition 114ø09'W, Wildhorse Island Quadrangle, (1980). Weather: See introduction.Coverage: from 1980 included the addition of the Savan- USGS. Continuity: Established1975, 7 con- May 26, 30; June 4, 11, 15, 24; July 1,7; 0515- nah Sparrow and the absence of the Short- secutive years. Size: 40.47 ha = 100 acres 0845, CDT. Total man-hours: 13.5. Census: eared Owl. The overall population increased Description of Plot: AB 31:84-85 (1976) Short-billed Marsh Wren, 24 (192, 78); 61%. All speciesshowed an increase. They Weather: All trips on clear or partly cloudy Swamp Sparrow, 21 (168, 68); Corn. Yellow- included: Le Conte's Sparrow (67%), Short- days with moderate or no precipitationand throat, 20 (160, 65); Le Conte's Sparrow, 13 billed Marsh Wren (75%), and Bobolink little or no wind. Coverage:Apr. 3, 25 May (104, 42); Alder Flycatcher, 6 (48, 19); (29%). 14, 20, 26; June 10, 18, 20; between dawn and Bobolink, 4 (32, 13); Yellow Warbler, 4; 1100. Total man-hours: 37. Census: Yellow- Clay-colored Sparrow, 3 (24, 10); Brown- 194. TAMARACK BOG AND HARD- headed Blackbird, 40 (99, 40); Red-winged headed Cowbird, 3; Am. Bittern, 1; Corn. WOOD- Location:Michigan; Berrien Co., Blackbird, 23 (57, 23); Song Sparrow, 20 (49, Snipe, 1; Black-cappedChickadee, 1; Nash- 1 mi SW of Stevensville in Grand Mere State 20); Am. Coot, 15 (37, 15); Mallard, 12 (30, ville Warbler, 1. Total: 13 species;102 ter- Park, 5 mi N of Willow Drive on Wishart Rd; 12); Redhead, 9 (22, 9); Com. Yellowthroat, ritorial males or females (816/km2; 330/100 41ø59'30"N,86ø33 'W, BridgmanQuadrangle, 9; Am. Robin, 8 (20, 8); Yellow Warbler, 8, acres). Visitors: Marsh Hawk, E. Kingbird, USGS. Continuity:Established 1976; 6 con- Brown-headed Cowbird, 8; Tree Swallow, 7 Tree Swallow, Blue Jay, Red-winged Black- secutive years. Size: 8.5 ha = 21 acres. De- (17, 7); Pied-billed Grebe, 6 (15, 6), Corn bird, Am. Goldfinch. Remarks: The species scription of Plot: See AB 30:1049 (1976). Flicker, 6; Willow Flycatcher,6; Long-billed compositionchanged slightly from 1980.No Weather: Normal. Coverage:May 31; June7, Marsh Wren, 6; Sora, 5 (12, 5); Mourning Yellow Rails or Short-eared Owls were re- 13-14, 20-21, 28; July 5; 0600-2100 hours. Dove, 5; Black-capped Chickadee, 5, Red- cordedthis year. Speciesnew this year were Total man-hours: 8. Census:Wood Thrush, 3 breasted Nuthatch, 5; Dark-eyed Junco, 5, the Nashville Warbler, Black-cappedChick- (35, 14); Veery, 3; Canada Warbler, 3; E. CanadaGoose, 4 (10, 4); Ring-neckedDuck, adee, and Brown-headedCowbird. Although Wood Pewee, 2; Blue Jay, 2; Whip-poor-will, 4; Cassin's Finch, 4; Pine Siskin, 4, Blue- the overall population showed a slight in- crease (2%) there were some significant populationdifferences on the specieslevel between the 2 years. The following species showed a decrease: Short-billed Marsh Wren (33%), Yellow Warbler (33%), Bobolink (20%), and Swamp Sparrow (5%). The fol- lowing speciesincreased from 1980: Alder Flycatcher (500%), Le Conte's Sparrow (44%), Clay-colored Sparrow (50%), and Corn. Yellowthroat (11%).

192. OPEN BOG. --Location: Minnesota; At Ross' Teal Lake Lodge you can enjoy excellent birding inclu- Lake of the Woods Co., 2.4 km NE of Bel- ding the services of our resident naturalist along with the facilities trami-Lake of the Woods Co. line on Minn. of an excellent resort. Sixty years of operation through three genera- Hwy 72; 48ø21'36"N, 94ø32'00"W;Ludlow tions of Ross' family management assures you of clean luxury cabins, Lookout Tower Quadrangle, USGS. Con- tinuity: Established1980. Size: 10 ha = 24.7 thoughtful service and delicious food. We have added birding to our tradi- acres. Description of Plot: See AB 35: lea tional activities of fishing, hiking, swimming, tennis and just plain relaxation (1980). Weather:See introduction.Coverage: May 25, 29; June 10, 12, 14, 28, 30; July 8; 0520-0950, CDT. Total man-hours: 8.4. Cen- sus: Short-billed Marsh Wren, 24 (240, 97); Write For Our Brochure and Le Conte's Sparrow, 14 (140, 57); Com. Yel- lowthroat, 13 (130, 53); Swamp Sparrow, 10 Special Materials For Birders. (lea, 40); Clay-colored Sparrow, 9 (90, 36); Complete Bird List, Siting Maps Bobolink, 5 (50, 20). Total: 6 species; 75 territorial males or females (750/km2; and Reports; Guided Tours to 304/100 acres). Visitors: Marsh Hawk, Crex Meadows and Lake Sharp-tailed Grouse, Short-eared Owl, Tree Swallow. Remarks: The only changesin the Superior Shore. speciescomposition from 1980were the ab- sence of the Short-eared Owl and Mallard. WRITE OR CALL: The overall populationincreased 53%. All Tim Ross, Mgr. species present showed an increase. They PLUS: HEATED POOL, TENNIS included: Clay-colored Sparrow (350%), 715/462-3631 Com. Yellowthroat (116%), Le Conte's MUSKY FISHING, Rte. 7J Sparrow (100%), Swamp Sparrow (25%), GUIDES, BOATS & MOTORS Hayward, W154843 and Short-billed Marsh Wren (23%).

Volume 36, Number 1 101 winged Teal, 3 (7, 3); Ruffed Grouse, 3; Ring-billedGull. Remarks:Nests found (37): (75, 30); Am. Robin, 3.5 (58, 24); Red-winged Hammond's Flycatcher, 3; W. Wood Pewee, Canada Goose, 2; Mallard, I; Osprey, 2; Blackbird, 3 (50, 20); Mallard, I; Cam. 3; Golden-crownedKinglet, 3; Cedar Wax- Prairie Falcon, I; Am. Coot, 3; Calliope Snipe, I, Willow Flycatcher, I, Gadwail, +; wing, 3; Evening Grosbeak, 3; Chipping Hummingbird, I; Com. Flicker, 3; Willow Marsh Hawk, +; Sandhill Crane, +; Sparrow, 3; Wood Duck, 2; Cam. Golden- Flycatcher, I; Tree Swallow, 4; Long-billed Bobolink, +; Am. Goldfinch, +. Total: 13 eye, 2; Osprey, 2; Cam. Nighthawk, 2; Cal- Marsh Wren, I; Am. Robin, 3; Cedar Wax- species; 34 territorial males (568/km 2, liope Hummingbird, 2; W. Flycatcher, 2; wing, I; Yellow-headedBlackbird, 10; Red- 230/100 acres). Visitors: Red-tailed Hawk, Barn Swallow, 2; SwainsoWsThrash, 2; Am. wingedBlackbird, 3; SongSparrow, 2. Addi- Am. Kestrei, Bank Swallow, Barn Swallow, Redstart, 2; CinnamonTeal, I; Ruddy Duck, tional young located: Pied-billed Grebe, 9; Cliff Swallow, Com. Nighthawk, Red- I; Cam. Merganser, I; Cooper's Hawk, 1; Canada Goose, I; Mallard, 8; Redhead, 2; breasted Nuthatch, Yellow-headed Black- Prairie Falcon, I; Dusky Flycatcher, i; Cam. Corn. Goldeneye, 4; Am. Coot, 20; Corn. bird, Brewer's Blackbird, and Brown- Raven, I; Ruby-crowned Kinglet, I; War- Flicker, 2; Am. Robin, 3; Yellow-headed headed Cowbird. Remarks: Nests found: I bling Vireo, I; Nashville Warbler, I; Yellow- Blackbird, I I; Dark-eyed Junco, I; Song Am. Robin and 4 Yellow Warbler. Willows rumpedWarbler, I: MacGillivray's Warbler, Sparrow, 2. Road constructionnear the NW covered only 16% of the area, but of the 188 I; Great Blue Heron, +; Red-tailed Hawk, corner of the marsh during April and May observationsof birds plotted on maps of the +; Goshawk, +; Am. Kestrei, +; Pileated deterred nestingin that area and greatly re- study area, 70% (138) were in the willows. Woodpecker, +; Steiler's Jay, +; Clark's duced waterfowl production.--MARCELLA Willow Flycatcher, Yellow Warbler, Am. Nutcracker, +; Red Crossbill, +; Total: 61 M. BISHOP. Shoreline Route, Poison, MT, Robin, Red-winged Blackbird, Song Spar- species territorial males (687/km 2, 278/100 59860. row, and Am. Goldfinch were associated acres). 278. Visitors: Sharp-shinned Hawk with willows most or all the time. Except for 196. WET MEADOW WITH PATCHY probably Red-winged Blackbirds. these WILLOWS. --Location: Oregon; Harney specieswere known or thought to nest in the Friedhelm,%ick Co., Maiheur Nat'i Wildlife Refuge, about willows, and make up 72% of the breeding 200 m NW of P Ranch Station in South pairs on the plot. Bobolinks and Savannah Birds of Pre_v Meadow Field; 42ø50'N, 118ø50'W, Page Sparrowswere associatedwith willows part Springs Quadrangle, USGS. Continuity: of the time, using them primarily as singing of theWorld New Size: 6 ha = 14.8 acres Descriptionof posts. The remaining speciesthat bred were Plot: A rectangle 300 x 200 m. The meadow not observed to associate with the willows. was continuously flood-irrigated in spring American Goldfincheswere an enigma in and early summer, then allowed to dry out. their movements, and possibly did not start Willows (primarily Salix exigua) covered to breed until 1 left. It was also possiblethat 16% of the plot, and rangedin size from 3 to some early nesting ducks could have left 35 ft in height. but were mostly 20-30 ft. before censusingbegan. This meadowis on a These willows were multi-stemmed and had rest-rotation grazing system, and was last a thick, bushy appearance. Ten randomly grazed during the winter of 1979-80.1 thank selected transects of 10 daubenmire micro- the Maiheur Nat'i Wildlife Refuge for per- plots (for a total of 100) were conducted to missionto do this study,and for their cooper- determine the ground cover. Results from ation in supplyingnecessary information.- these transects were; 29.0% sedges (Carex DAN TAYLOR, Box 8007, Idaho State •is • thefirst and only book sp.); 22.8% dead plant litter; 13.4% Univ., Pocatello, ID 83209. color plate• of aH spede• and many unidentified grasses; 7.8% Cinquefoil subspecie•of d•umal rapwrs; Welck (Potentilia gracilis); 6.3% Canada Thistle createdan idagillian gulde b•ed on (Circium arvense); 3.7% Timothy (Phleum 197. DESERT RIPARIAN-FRESH- a vage• ofplumage•. paniculatum); 3.6% rushes (Juncus sp.); WATER MARSH AND PONDS. -- Location: $48 2.6% blue grass (Poa sp.); 2% soil; 1.8% California; San Bernardino Co., 0.5 mi E of Sweet Pea (Thermapsis montana); 1.2% Rte 62, Big Morongo Wildlife Preserve, unidentified composite; I% bedstraw 34ø03'N, 116ø35'W, Morongo Valley Quad- (Galium sp.). Edge: Bordered on all sidesby nal/le rangle, USGS. Continuity:Established 1977; similar habitat. Topography:Essentially flat, 5 consecutive years. Size: 15.38 ha = 38 street with slight depressionsaround some wil- acres. Descriptionof Plot: See AB 32:113 lows. Elevation:4300 ft. Weather: Late May (1977). Weather: Clear and calm to windy; city/state/zipcode and early June was wetter and colder than cloudy, I day with drizzles, 34-80øF.Cover- normal, with 4 in. of rain, about half the age:Apr. 30; May 7, 15, 21,26, 28; June4, I I; D My checkis enclosed;price includes annual average. The last half of June was 0530-1000. Total man-hours: 25. Census: postageand handling. typically dry and hot. Coverage:June 5, 7, 9- Lesser Goldfinch, 21 (137, 55); Bewick's I:•lJL Paul Parey Publishers I I, 20, 25; 0530-1700. Total man-hours: 14. Wren, 15 (98, 39); Starling, I 1 (72, 29); House • 461Park Avenue South Census:Yellow Warbler, 12 (200, 81); Song Finch, 9 (59, 24); Song Sparrow, 8 (52, 21); New York, NY 10016 Sparrow, 8 (134, 54); Savannah Sparrow, 4.5 Gambei"sQuail, 7 (46, 18); Brown-headed BIRDING IN THE CHANNEL ISLANDS -- APRIL 29 -- MAY 13, 1982 The Channel Islandsare British,but lie some80 milesto the southof Enõland-- closer,in fact,to Brittanyin France-- and on the mainmigratory routes. Holiday Pak, basedin Guernsey,offer a top quality,top value,two week, bird-watching holiday, including three daysin Guernsey,three days in Jersey,and visitsto Alderney,with boat trip to seepuffins and õannets,the feudalisland of Sark,and Herm. Four freedays in Guernsey. The Price includesair travel from London Heathrow or Gatwick airports,and accommoda- tion with all meals at excellent4-star hotelsin roomswith private bath. Only œ440 per person.Don't missthis opportunity during your trip to Europe. ,'" Fulldetails from:TheTim TravelEarl, Holiday Bureau, Pak St Limited,Pierre du Bois, • HOLIDAY PAK LTD Tel.Guernsey, GuernseyChannelIslands.644348 Telex 4191191

102 American Birds, January 1982 Cowbird, 6 females (39, 16); Rufous-sided Description of Plot: See AB 35:101-102 Stopher for the vegetation analysis along Towhee, 6; Black-chinned Hummingbird, 5 (1981). Weather: Temperature, 44-61øF; 7 with PaulF. Springerand Richard E. Ganally (33, 13); Costa's Hummingbird, 5; House out of 9 days were overcast with low clouds for advice.This investigationwas funded by Wren, 5; Mourning Dove, 4 (26, 11); Ash- or fog while 2 were mostly fair and sunny. the Calif. Dept. of Transportation.--DANA throated Flycatcher, 4; Yellow-breasted Coverage:May 12, 14, 19, 21,25-26, 30; June L. BASE, 2128 Quaker St., Eureka, CA Chat, 4; Virginia Rail, 3 (20, 8); Verdin, 3; 2, 4; 0530-1000 and 1805-2110. Total man- 95501. California Thrasher, 3; Lucy's Warbler, 3; hours: 33. Census;Long-billed Marsh Wren, Phainopepla, 3; Com. Yellowthroat, 3; N. 22 (268, 108); Song Sparrow, 17 (207, 84); 199. HAY MEADOW. -- Location: New Oriole, 3; Summer Tanager, 3; Nuttalrs Am. Goldfinch, 4 (49, 20); Brown-headed York, St. Lawrence Co., Pierrepont. Bowers Woodpecker, 2.5; Bushtit, 2; Blue-gray Cowbird (females), 2; Mallard (female), 1; farm on W side of Morrill Rd 44ø35'N, Gnatcatcher,2; Indigo Bunting, 2; Am. Kes- Swainsoh'sThrush, l; SavannahSparrow, I. 75ø025'W, Pierrepont 7.5' Quadrangle, trel, 1; Barn Owl, 1; Great Horned Owl, 1; Total: 7 species; 48 territorial males or fe- USGS. Continuity: New. Size: 2.3 ha = 5.7 Wied's Crested Flycatcher, 1; Willow Fly- males (584/km2; 236/100 acres). Visitors: acres (rectangular, paced). Descriptionof catcher, 1; Hooded Oriole, 1; Cooper's Green Heron, Turkey Vulture, White-tailed Plot: Dominantplants, in approximateorder Hawk, +; Red-tailed Hawk, +. Total: 34 Kite, Marsh Hawk, Vaux's Swift, Allen's of abundance, are Timothy (Phleum species; 148.5 territorial males or females Hummingbird, Belted Kingfisher, Violet- pretense), Birdfoot Trefoil (Lotus cor- (966/km 2, 391/100 acres). Visitors: White- green Swallow, Tree Swallow, Rough- niculatus), vetch (Vices sp.), Galium sp., winged Dove, Spotted Dove, Roadrunner, winged Swallow, Barn Swallow, Cliff Swal- buttercup (Ranunculus sp.). The field is W. Kingbird, Black Phoebe,Scrub Jay, Cac- low, Cedar Waxwing, Orange-crowned mowed once a year. Edge: The E side is tus Wren, Mockingbird, Black-headedGros- Warbler, and White-crowned Sparrow. Re- borderedby a pavedroad with SugarMaples beak, Lawrence's Goldfinch, Lark Sparrow. marks: American Goldfinch territories were (Acer saccharum)along the shoulder.The S Remarks: Nests located (31): Am. Kestrel, l; determined by subsequentcensuses on June Black-chinned Hummingbird, 4; Costa's 10, 15, 20, 22, 26, 30, and July 3, 5, 10, 15, 19, Hummingbird, 2; Ash-throated Flycatcher, 22, 25. Nests and young were found for the 1; Verdin, 1; Bushtit, 1; House Wren, 1; following species: Mallard, Long-billed BetterWay to Buy Books" Blue-grayGnatcatcher, 1; Starling,8; Lucy's Marsh Wren, Am. Goldfinch,and SongSpar- The Academic Book Club has Warbler, 1; Hooded Oriole, 1; Indigo Bunt- row. Young Brown-headed Cowbirds (host: expanded the idea of a ing, 1; House Finch, 1; Lesser Goldfinch,7. Song Sparrow) were also sighted. The traditional book club into a The area was very wet even thoughthere was Swainson'sThrush, always observed alone much less rainfall the past winter than the in a clump of large willows on some higher completely new and unique previous2 years. Much undergrowthinclud- groundin the extreme N apex of the plot, was concept. ing cat-tails and sedges has resulted from not found after June 2. Probably a different surface and subsurfacewater. Virginia Rails Mallard hen was noted to successfullynest were observed with downy young. Common on the plot in censusescarried out Mar. 12- SAVE 20-40% Yellowthroats and Yellow-breasted Chats Apr. 10. This is the first year following dike ON ANY BOOK IN PRINT! increased in numbers. An Indigo Bunting breachingon Sept. 17, 1980for restorationof nest was found. A Willow Flycatcher was on tidal influence. A vegetation analysis con- Save up to 80% territory for the first time. A young Brown- ducted on July 6 showed that 11 of the 32 on selected titles. headed Cowbird was removed from the Blue- speciesrecorded in the vegetation analysis gray Gnatcatcher nest. Western Wood were no longer present in the 61 one m2 ß NO GIMMICKS Pewee, Swainsun'sThrush, WarblingVireo, sample plots. Most notably, Bedstraw ß NO HIDDEN CHARGES Yellow Warbler were singing late but were (Gellure aparine), and Fireweed (Epilobium ß AND NO HARD SELL not presentduring the last censusindicating watsonii var. franciscanurn), among other late migrants. Special thanks to San Bernar- species, appear to be relatively poorly Just low, low prices every day dino Valley Aud. Soc. and the San Bernar- adapted for exposure to brackish water and of the year; unlimited dino County Museum for supporting this are disappearingfrom the site. Concurrently, choice of books; study.--EUGENE A. CARDIFF, JESSIE Fat Hen (Atriplex patois vat. obtuse), a and fast, efficient, personal and ROY KNIFFEN, San Bernardino halophytic species, has nearly tripled. This service on every order. County Museum, 2024 Orange Tree Lane, trend is supportedto a lesserextent by other Redlands, CA 92373. halophytes (i.e. Salt Grass (DistichIls ACADEMIC BOOK CLUB spicate), and Pickleweed (Salicoria vir- U.S.A.: Cape Vincent, New Yodt 1361•-0399 ginice). Coyote Brush (Baccharis pilularis Canada: 10S Wellington •t., 198. RESTORED COASTAL BRACKISH Kingston, Ont. K7L 5C7 vat. consanguinea) has undergone a small Eurol)e: Postbus t891, tOO5 AP Amsterdam, MARSH. --Location: California; Humboldt increase. However, many Coyote Brush The Netherlands A•ie: 78, First Cross Street. co., I mi S of Eureka on SE sideof US Hwy plantsin low lying areas suchas alongdrain- Colombo il. Sr! Lanka 101 and the Elk River; 40ø45'N, 124ø11'W, age ditches which now channel tide water, Africa: P.O. Box 49, Into, Ogun State, Eureka Quadrangle, USGS. Continuity:Es- have died or are dying, presumably from Nigeria tablished 1980. Size: 8.2 ha = 20.3 acres. exposure to brackish water. Thanks to Mark Dear ABC. Please tall me, without any obligation on my part. how I can order for myself end for my friends anywhere in the world any book in print. from any publisher. from any country, in almost any language. •AtPeregrine, westrlve tocombine manybirds,beautiful surround- Tell me in addition how i can save 20-40% on these books Joining the ACADEMIC BOOK bird Identificationand natural history, all of whomlove to share their enthuslamand knowledge. Perhaps the bestmeasure or a tour CLUB end paying e membershiD fee as low as company'ssuccess Is Its rate or returningparticipants. We are 1.8½.delly ($8.50 annuellyL proud that better than 80 percent of our c]lents return. Somehave i understand that one of the features of the taken as many as ten lrlps! Perhaps,llls becauseof what we club is that I am not now, nor wiii i ever be, we offer In addlllon to blrdlng expertise. under any obligation whatsoever to buy any particular book or quantity of books from Academic Book Club, 198• SPRING/SUMMER TOUR SCHEDULE PLEASE PRINT: EASTERN MEXICO NEW VEgR'S TOUR 27 OEC-ll 3AN CHURCHILL & SOUTHERN MANITOBA 5-15 OUNE Circleappropriate abbrevlations(a):•) Prof. WESTERN MEXICO 1•-27 JAN ALASKA 5-22 JUNE Rev. Mr. Mrs. Miss Ms} COLIHR ]0 OAR-5 FEB COLORADO 11-17 3ULY PANAMA: I- 7-22 FEB II - 2• FEO-IO RRR•H MAINE & NOVA SCOTIA 10-18 3ULY Nsme ...... TROPICAL TEXAS & WHOOPING CRANE 18-21 NARCH PACIEIC NORTHWEST 21 AUGUST-• SEPT TEXAS HILL COUNTRY 2-6 APRIL SPRINGNIGRRTION IN ISRAEL 28 NARCH-11APRIL B•nF•ltll• Address ...... 0EN EELTNERIS TEX•S EXTRAVAGANZA: ...... Code ...... SEA OF CORTEZ 1•-2• APRIL ß ERST TEX•S NATURE TOUR:I- 13-15 RAY. II-2-5 SEPT S.E.ARIZONA:I- 15-23 NAY II-7-15 AUGUST •at•rd thstoryaml BinlingTottrs Note ...... Date ...... Ci 160 PO_l•x :3(X3EIb)us•m, Texas 77001 •

Volume 36, Number I 103 end is demarcated from lawn and pasture by Vireo, 1;Field Sparrow, 1; Swamp Sparrow, 41ø04'N, 76ø07'W, Berwick Quadrangle, a hedgerow consistingof maples, 2 small 1. Total: 9 species; 57.5 territorial males USGS. Continuity: Established1979 (1980); dead elms, and shrubs (Viburnum and Vitis); (785/km 2, 318/100 acres). Visitors: Ring- 3 consecutive years. Size: 4.34 ha = 10.7 to the N is an abandoned orchard. There is a necked Pheasant,Com. Flicker, Am. Robin, acres. Descriptionof Plot: See AB 35:102-3 small garageat the NE corner. Topography: Cedar Waxwing, Yellow-breasted Chat, (1981). Weather: Like Census60 exceptthat Almost flat; slopes slightly to NW. Land Red-wingedBlackbird, Brown-headed Cow- this plot was generally foggy near dawn. drops sharply beyond W edge. Elevation:70 bird, Am. Goldfinch, Rufous-sided Tow- Coverage:Apr. 28; May 4, 14, 20, 21, 24, 29; ft. Weather: Relatively warm and dry (see bee. JOANNE LASKOWSKI, 149 Pleas- June8, 22, 24, 30; July 9, 23, 24; Aug. 17, 26; census7). Coverage:May I 1,20, 23-27; June ant PlainsR.d., Basking Ridge, NJ 07920. from 0430-1230, EST. Total man-hours: 45. 5, 15; 0430-2000, EST. Total man-hours:2. Census:Field Sparrow, 7.5 (173, 70); Song Census:Red-winged Blackbird, 5 (217, 88); 201. ABANDONED FIELD I. -- Location: Sparrow, 7 (162, 65); Red-wingedBlackbird, Bobolink 2.5 (109, 44); Cam. Grackle, 1.5 Pennsylvania;Luzerne Co., 2.6 km NNE of 3 (69, 28); Cam. Yellowthroat, 2.5; Willow (65, 26); E. Meadowlark, 1; E. Kingbird, +. Wapwallopen;41ø05'N, 76ø07'W, Syberts- Flycatcher, 2; Cedar Waxwing, 2; Am. Total: 5 species; 10 territorial males ville Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity:Estab- Goldfinch, 2; Yellow Warbler, 1; Gray Cat- (434/km 2, 175/100 acres). Visitors: Barn lished 1978;4 consecutiveyears. Size:6 ha = bird, 0.5; Am. Robin, +; Cam. Grackle, +. Swallow, Am. Robin, Starling, Warbling 14.8acres. Description of Plot: SeeAB 34:102 Total: 11 species;27.5 pairs (635/km2, 257 Vireo, Yellow Warbler, Com. Yellow- (1980) and addendum in AB 35:102 (1981). acres). Visitors: Mallard/Black Duck hybrid, throat, ChippingSparrow, SongSparrow.- Weather: See Census60. Coverage:Apr. 27; Mourning Dove, Black-billed Cuckoo, Barn KENNETH L. CROWELL, Dept. of Biol., May 5, 15, 21, 22, 26-27, 29; June 1, 10-11, 18, Swallow, Brown Thrasher, Prairie Warbler, St. Lawrence Univ., Canton, NY 13617. 29-30; July 2, 15, 17; Aug. 2, 18, 27-28;0430- Am. Redstart, N. Oriole, Indigo Bunting, 1230, EST. Total man-hours: 79. Census: Rufous-sided Towhee. Remarks: Nests 200. OLD FIELD HABITAT. -- Location: Com. Yellowthroat, 10 (167, 68); Field Spar- found: Willow Flycatcher, 2; Gray Catbird, New Jersey;Morris Co., Great SwampNat'l row, 10; Song Sparrow, 5.5 (92, 37); Cedar 1; Cedar Waxwing, 1; Yellow Warbler, 1; Wildlife Refuge, 1 mi E of Basking Ridge, Waxwing, 4 (67, 27); Prairie Warbler, 2.5; Red-wingedBlackbird, 3; Am. Goldfinch,2; 40ø42'30"N, 74ø30'W, Bernards Quadrangle, Yellow-breasted Chat, 2.5; Am. Goldfinch, Field Sparrow, 3; Song Sparrow, 1. USGS. Continuity: Established 1980. Size: 2.5; Starling, 2; Rufous-sided Towhee, 2; Goldfinches did not nest until late July and 7.3 ha = 18.1acres. Description of Plot: See Indigo Bunting, 1.5; E. Kingbird, 1; Willow waxwings, late August. In addition, young- AB 35:72 (1981). Weather: Average tempera- Flycatcher, 1; Gray Catbird, 1; Golden- of-the-year Mourning Dove, Am. Robin, ture for May, 64øF (28-86ø).Total rainfall, wingedWarbler (male)/Brewster'sWarbler Cam. Yellowthroat, and Cam. Grackle were 4.66 in. Average temperaturefor June, 67øF (female), 1; Blue-wingedWarbler, 0.5; Car- observed. Thanks to D. G. Richie for assist- (41-86ø). Total rainfall, 3.89 in. Coverage: dinal, 0.5; Am. Kestrel, +; Corn. Flicker, +. ance. This censusis part of a study supported May 26, 29; June 1, 5, 10, 17, 23; July 12; Total: 17 species and I hybrid; 47.5 pairs by the Pennsylvania Power and Light Com- 0530-0700. Total: 12 man-hours. Census: Yel- (793/km2; 321/100 acres). Visitors: Mourn- pany.---DOUGLAS A. GROSS, Ichthyolog- low Warbler, 14(191, 77); SongSparrow, 14; ing Dove, Yellow-billed Cuckoo, Black- ical Associates. Inc.. R.D. 1. Berwick. PA Cam. Yellowthroat, 11(150, 61); Willow Fly- billed Cuckoo, Ruby-throated Humming- 18603. catcher, 6 (82, 33); Gray Catbird, 6; Blue- bird, Downy Woodpecker, Great Crested winged Warbler, 3.5 (48, 19); White-eyed Flycatcher, Barn Swallow, Blue Jay, Black- 203. OLD FIELD. -- Location: Pennsylva- capped Chickadee, Am. Robin, Chestnut- nia; Schuylkill Co., 1 mi SW of the villageof sided Warbler, Am. Redstart, Orchard Oriole, N. Oriole, Com. Grackle, Brown- headed Cowbird. Remarks: Breeding bird theworld densityincreased for the third straightyear to a level more than twice that of 1978's ofQuesters original census.This was partly a result of vegetationalsuccession and also to more in- tensive knowledgeof some speciesobtained from banding. For example, banding re- yealed a higher density of d yellowthroats than would have been realized from standard Stimulateyour mind on a Questers tour. spot-mappingtechniques. Confusion caused We search out the plants and animals, by densevegetation and high territory den- 1•O •- ,C'½:',., birds and flowers.. and explore the rain foF sity was somewhat clarified by banding. ests, mountains and tundra, seashores, lakes Nests found: E. Kingbird, 1; Cedar Wax- and swamps. Toursare under the leadership of a naturalist,and range from9 to 35 days. There wing, 4; Starling, 2; Golden-winged War- is ample time to photograph. absorb, reflect. bler/Brewster's Warbler, 1; Yellow- Tour parties are small, accommodations are breastedChat, 2; Am. Goldfinch, 1; Rufous- first class, and all meals are included sided Towhee, 1; Field Sparrow, 3. In addi- The currentDirectory of WorldwideNature tion, young-of-the-year Broad-winged Tours describes tours to In Africa--Zim- Hawk, Am. Kestrel, Mourning Dove, Com. N.J. babwe, Botswana, Kenya In Asia--India, Flicker, Gray Catbird, Am. Robin, Com. Nepal, Bhutan,Sri Lanka In Australama--New Yellowthroat, N. Oriole, Orchard Oriole, Aug. 29-$ep. 3-Shornbirds Zealand, Australia In Europe--Iceland, Com. Grackle, Brown-headed Cowbird, and Greece, Spain, Switzerland, Scotland In the SongSparrow were observed.Kingbirds and Sep. 19-25-Passefine Peak Americas--Everglades, Alaska, Bala Califor- Starlings nested on transmissionstructures. Oct. 11-17 - Raptors nia, Hawaii, PacificNorthwest, Costa Rica, Pan- Brewster's Warbler (female) conformed to Prime•me for •wk mlgr•on ama, Amazon,Patagonia, Galapagos. Form 2 of Parkes' system. Waxwings in- FieldIdentification Workshops for Birde• Writetoday for a free copy of the D•rectory vaded in late July; 3 of the 4 nestsfound were of Worldwide Nature Tours. •o wantto beco• be•erb•rd•s. Offering not built until August.Thanks to D. G. Richie themo• •mous birdingspot in Nodh•6- for assistance.This censusis part of a study icaat thepeak of the migration, veteran lead- : supported by the Pennsylvania Power and •s andspeakers, limit• groupsize, excellint Light Company.---DOUGLAS A. GROSS, •achff•t a•ommodafionsinhistoric Cape IchthyologicalAssociates, Inc., R.D. 1, Ber- May,N.J. Pac•ge pdces from $367.50 wick, PA 18603. Co• MayBird Obse•oto•/N.J. •dubon QUESTERS •cie• sponsors. QuestersTours & Travel, Inc. 202. ABANDONED FIELD II. --Location: Writefor descriptive brochure: CMBO, Dept. AB, 257 Park AvenueSouth • Box3, CapeMay Poi•, NJ08212 New York, NY 10010 ß (212) 673-3120 Pennsylvania;Luzerne Co., 2.2 km ENE of or call(609) 884-2736. Beach Haven and 1.2 km W of Wapwallopen; I I

104 American Birds, January 1982 Weishample; 40ø41'N, 76ø27'W, Tremont in July, below normal. Temperatures av- gerardi), and Kentucky Blue Grass (Poa Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity: Established eraged 73.2øF in June and 75.8ø in July, pratensis). Common species were Indian 1974; 8 consecutive years. Size: 7.12 ha = slightly above normal. Special acknowl- Grass (Sorghastrum nutans), Switch Grass, 17.58 acres. Descriptionof Plot: See AB 28: edgementsto Fred Deines, John Cochnar, (Panicurn virgatum), Red Clover (Trifolium 1053 (1974}. Weather: Cool to warm with and Jim Henriksen for their assistance.- praterise), Wild Licorice (Glycyrrhiza temperatures42-72øF. Most count days were MIRIAM A. HAY and GARY R. LINGLE, lepidota), Black Medic (Medicago lupulina), clear with some early morning fog and haze. The Nature Conservancy, 2550 N. Diers horsetail (Equisetum spp.), and spikerush Coverage:May 29-31; June 1, 9, 16, 23, 30; Ave. Suite H. Grand Island, NE 68801. (Eleocharis spp.). Also presentwere Yellow 0520-1130. Total man-hours: 8. Census: Field Sweet Clover (Melilotus officinalis), Goats- Sparrow, 8 (112, 46); House Wren, 3 (42, 17); 205. SUBIRRIGATED GRASSLAND. -- beard (Tragopogondubius), and Black-eyed Golden-winged Warbler, 3; Corn. Yellow- Location: Nebraska; Hall Co., NE ¬ of the Susan(Rudbeckia hirta). Edge:Similar on all throat, 3; Rufous-sidedTowbee, 3; Gray Cat- SE ¬ of Sec. 33, TION, RIOW, AIda Quad- sides. A shelterbelt runs about 30 m from the bird, 2; Indigo Bunting, 2; Black-capped rangle, USGS. Continuity: New. Size: 16.19 W edge. Topography: Essentially flat. Eleva- Chickadee, 1; Wood Thrush, 1; Blue-winged ha = 40 acres (square, 440 x 440 yds, sur- tion: About 1900ft. Coverage:June 5, 7-10. Warbler, 1; Yellow Warbler, 1; Am. veyed). Descriptionof Plot: Lies within a 300 12, 16; 0642-0815, CDT. Total man-hours: 4. Goldfinch, 1; Song Sparrow, 1; Great acre pasture which is currently grazed. Census: Bobolink, 9 (56, 23); Grasshopper Crested Flycatcher, +; Cardinal, +. Total: Dominant species are Big Bluestem (An- Sparrow, 5 (31, 13); E. Meadowlark, 2.5; 15 species; 30 territorial males or females dropogon gerardi), Switch Grass (Panicurn Brown-headed Cowbird, 2.5 (females); Up- (422/km 2, 171/100 acres). Visitors: Am. virgatum), Redtop (Agrostis stolonifera), land Sandpiper,2; Dickcissel,2; Mourning Woodcock, Acadian Flycatcher, Prairie Smooth Brome (Bromus inermis), Kentucky Dove. I. Total: 7 species;24 territorial males Warbler, N. Oriole. Remarks: Nests found: Blue Grass (Poa pratensis), and sedges or females (148/kin-', 60/100 acres. Visitors: House Wren, 2 (in nest boxes).--ROLAND (Carex spp.). Common speciesare Indian Corn. Flicker, E. Kingbird, Barn Swallow, BERGNER, William Penn Memorial Grass (Sorghastrumnutans), Prairie Cord Starling, Am. Goldfinch. Remarks: Dickcis- Museum, Box 1026, Harrisburg, PA 17120. Grass (Spartina pectinata), W. Wheat Grass sels were absent on June 5 but established (Agropyron smithii), ragweed (Ambrosia territories after a nearby alfalfa field was 204. GRASSLAND MUNICIPAL AIR- spp.} and goldenrod(Solidago spp.). Also mowed. PORT.--Location: Louisiana; Natchitochcs present were Wild Barley (Hordeurn Par., municipal airport of Natchitoches, jubatum), horsetail(Equisetum spp.), White 207. WETLAND SEDGE MEADOW. -- 31ø44'N, 93ø06'W; Provencal Quadrangle, Prairie Clover (Petalostemon candidurn), Location: Nebraska; Hall Co., NE % of the USGS. Continuity: New. Size: 12.14 ha = 30 Purple Prairie Clover (P. purpureum), and NW ¬ of Sec. 34, TION, RIOW, AIda Quad- acres (rectangular, 1320 x 990 ft, measured Red Clover (Trifoliumpraterise). Edge: Simi- with steel tape). Descriptionof Plot: See AB lar on the S, W, and N sides, with a shelter- 28:711-712 (1974). Weather: During the 19- belt running along the E edge, about 20 m day period, day temperatures were 78-95ø from the boundary.Topography: Flat. Eleva- with 6 count days 80ø or higher. Night lows tion: About 1900 ft. Coverage:June 5, 7-10, w/ngsan were 62-78ø;2 dayswere mostlycloudy and 6 12, 16; 0630-0845,CDT. Total man-hours:4. were mostly sunnyto sunny. Wind was mod- Census: Bobolink, 7 (43, 18); Grasshopper holidays designed around birds erate to calm. Coverage:June 10-11, 15, 17, Sparrow. 4 (25, 10); E. Meadowlark, 3.5 (22, 20-21,25, 28; 0730-0900. Total man-hours: 8. 9); Upland Sandpiper, 3 (19, 8); Brown- Census:Dickcissel, 22 (181,73); Red-winged headed Cowbird, 2; Dickcissel, 1.5. Total: 6 JOIN UP WITH AN ENGLISH BIRD TOUR IN: Blackbird, 18 (148, 60); E. Meadowlark. 10 species; 21 territorial males or females (82, 33); Killdeer, +; Brown-headed Cow- (130/kin2; 53/100 acres. Visitors: Ring- CANADA 14 days exploring Point Pelee and bird, +. Total: 5 species;50 territorial males necked Pheasant, Mourning Dove, Black- surrounding area at the height of (412/km2; 167/100 acres). Visitors: Cattle billed Cuckoo. Corn. Flicker, Barn Swallow, Spdng migration. (May) $780 Egret, Rock Dove, Barn Swallow, Purple Blue Jay. Remarks: Nests found: Upland Martin, Corn. Grackle.--ELLEN M. KRUK Sandpiper,2; E. Meadowlark, I. CARIBBEAN : 18 day tour of 5 islandsincluding and CHARLIE VIERS, Dept. of Biological Puerto Rico, Dominica, St Vin- Sciences,Northwestern State Univ. of Loui- 206. SUBIRRIGATED NATIVE HAY. -- cent and St. Lucia looking at all siana, Natchitoches, LA 71457. Location: Nebraska; Hall Co., NW • of the the island's specialities.(August) SW ¬ of Sec. 34, TION, RIOW, AIda Quad- $1385 rangle, USGS. Continuity: New. Size: 16.19 BREEDING BIRD CENSUSES ha = 40 acres (square, 440 x 440 yds, sur- Send for our brochure now -- a $50 deposit will ALONG THE PLATTE RIVER IN veyed). Descriptionof Plot: A nativehayfield guarantee your reservation -- only a few places left on some tears SOUTH-CENTRAL NEBRASKA mowedannually; l0 acreswere plowedand seeded to Smooth Brome (Bromus inermis) The following 3 censuseswere conducted prior to 1946.Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) be- WINGSPAN, 1st Floor, Arvalea House, Clifton on Mormon Island Crane Meadows (M1CM), came established after cattle were winter fed Down Rd., Bdstol. BS8 4AH, ENGLAND. a 2000 acre (809 ha) tract of land recently on the plot. Dominantspecies were Smooth (TEL: 0272 - 741773). purchased by The Platte River Whooping Brome, Alfalfa. Big Bluestem (Andropogon Crane Critical Habitat Maintenance Trust and managedby The Nature Conservancy. All 3 were also censused in 1980 but results Field Seminars in Trogon Ecology, 1982 were not published. MICM is located ap- Alamos,Sonora, Mexico I April 11--April 17 proximately 10 mi S of Grand Island. The Alamos,Sonora, Mexico II April 18--April 24 area is borderedby two channelsof the Platte DurangoHighway, Mexico April 30--May 9 River and is representativeof a floodplain HuachucaMountains, Arizona May 21 --May 25 tallgrass prairie community. The shallow, Santa Rita Mountains,Arizona May 28--June 1 sandy-loam soils are underlain by a water ChiricahuaMountaim, Arizona June 4--June 8 table within 1-5 ft of the surface. Relic chan- nelsare interspersed in the wetland meadow A directed field study for persons interested in the life history, plot. Study plots were randomly selected ecology, and conservationof Trogom in Mexico and Arizona. basedon providinguniformity. Future burn- Principalinvestigator Richard Cachor Taylor launched the Trogon ing treatments are planned for these sites; ResearchProject in 1977 and isthe author of Tl• Coldly-tailed thus this study is designed to provide pre- Trogon: Arizona's "Bird of Paradise." treatment data. Weather data were acquired For further informationwrite or call: (602) 558-2352 from a climatologicalstation in Grand Island. Precipitationwas 0.60 in. in Juneand 3.45 in. BORDERLANDPRODUCTIONS, Box 122, Portal, Arizona 85632

Volume 36, Number 1 105 rangle, USGS. Continuity: New. Size: 16.19 Coverage: June 5, 7-10, 12, 16; 0610-0835, ship, Carey, on the NE edge, and E of the ha = 40 acres (square, 440 x 440 yds, sur- CDT. Total man-hours: 4.5. Census: Grass- area censusedin 1980(AB 35:110 (1981), E of veyed). Descriptionof Plot: Located in a 900 hopper Sparrow, 5 (31, 13); Bobolink, 4 (25, N Vance St, N of Dow St, W of the railroads; acre wetland sedge meadow pasture which is 10); Upland Sandpiper, 3.5 (22, 9); Dickcis- approximately 40ø57'N, 83ø2YlS"W, Carey grazedannually. Ribbonsof wetland species sel, 3.5; E. Meadowlark, 2.5; Brown-headed Quadrangle, USGS. Continuity: New. Size: are found in intermittent relic channel areas. Cowbird, 2.5; Blue-winged Teal, 1. Total: 7 Approximately 14.2 ha = 35 acres. Descrip- Dominant specieson roesic sites are sedges species; 22 territorial males or females tion of Plot: See AB 31:91 (1977) and 32:124 (Carex spp.), Prairie Cord Grass (Spartina (136/km 2, 55/100 acres). Visitors: Ring- (1978)for a generalizedvillage environment. pectinata), Bulrush (Scirpus spp.), Redtop neckedPheasant, Wilson's Phalarope,Corn. Edge: Suppliedby streets, alleys, ditch, and (Agrostis stolonifera), ragweed (Ambrosia Flicker, E. Kingbird, Barn Swallow. Re- railroads. Total street-miles, 1.09, 0.66 rail- spp.), Fog Fruit (Phyla lanceolata), marks: Nests found: Blue-winged Teal (1). road-miles, 0.24 ditch-miles. Total street- goldenrod (Solidago spp.), Wild Barley edge miles, 1.65, railroad-edgemiles, 0.85. (Hordeurn jubatum), and Vervain (Verbena 208. SMALL TOWN, RESIDENTIAL Total trees per street-edge mile, 73. Street spp.,). Dominant species on xeric sites are AND COMMERCIAL AREAS. -- Location: trees are mostly Silver Maple (Acer sac- Kentucky Blue Grass (Poa pratensis), Salt Canada; New Brunswick; Sackville. charinure), many of them 2-3 fi dbh. Eleva- Grass (DistichIls spicata), Switch Grass 45ø54'N, 64ø22'W, map sheet 21H/16; tion: 820 ft. Coverage:Almost daily. Total (Panicurn virgatum), vervain, and bounded by Bridge, York, Lansdowne, man-hours: 70. Census:House Sparrow, 12 goldenrod. Edge: Similar on all 4 sides. To- Park, and Salem Sts, and Queens Rd, and (85, 34); Am. Robin, 7 (49, 20); House Wren, pography: Flat. Elevation: About 1900 ft. vacant lots along Lorue St. Continuity: Es- 5 (35, 14); Starling,4 (28, 11); Corn. Grackle, tablished 1979; 2 intermittent years. Size: 3 (21,9); Song Sparrow, 3; Mourning Dove, 50.5 ha = 124.8 acres. Description of Plot: 2; Cardinal, 2; Am. Goldfinch, 2; Chipping See AB 33:52 (1979) and 34:103-104 (1980). Sparrow, 2; White-breasted Nuthatch, 1; POINT REYES BIRD Weather: May and June were slightly warmer Gray Catbird, 1; Cedar Waxwing, l; Indigo OBSERVATORY & NATIONAL than usual; May was very dull, but with Bunting, 1. Total: 14 species, 46 pairs AUDUBON'S WESTERN normal rainfall, whereasJune was rather dry. (325/km2; 131/100 acres). Remarks: More EDUCATION CENTER Most surveys were made under favorable diversification of habitats and edges did not conditions,only one havingwinds of force 3 lead to an expected higher density nor in- (Beaufort) other than in gusts. Survey tem- creased richness of species, when compared peratures, 3-17øC(37ø-63øF). Coverage: May to the 1980 census, although higher than in 15, 22, 29; June 2, 11, 19, 22, 28; July 7, 9; some previous years. Marginal street and 0520-0815. Total man-hours: 23. Census: railroad traffic plus industrial activity may Birding and natural history excuraions House Sparrow, 46.5 (92, 37); Starling, 24.5 have limited the results.--A. H. CLA UGUS. of educational depth and (49, 20); Am. Robin, 14 (28, 11); Corn. 228 S. Lake St, Carey, OH 43316. conservation emphasis to SE Grackle, 13 (26, 10); Am. Redstart, 8, (16, 6); Arizona, Grand Canyon, Alaska, Rock Dove, 7 (14, 6); Song Sparrow, 6 (12, Condor country, Hawaii, Mexico. etc. 5); Chipping Sparrow, 4.5 (9, 4); Red-eyed Vireo, 4 (8, 3); E. Wood Pewee, 2; Corn. Crow, 1.5; Am. Goldfinch, 1.5; Tree Swal- low, 1; Black-cappod Chickadee, 1; Yellow Warbler, 1; Downy Woodpecker,0.5. Total: 16 species; 136 territorial males or pairs (269/km2; 109/100 acres). Visitors: Of 20 other species recorded, only Purple Finch might have bred in 1981; Gray Catbird and Cedar Waxwing were both noted on June 19 and 22 but not before or subsequently.Ten- nesseeWarbler and Evening Grosbeak were noted in May and againfrom June28, but not in between. Remarks: House Sparrow num-

For free brochure: bers were only 2/3 thosefound in 1979;evi- dently recoveryfrom a die-off in the winter of NATURAL EXCURSIONS 1979-80 (N.S. Bird Soc. Newsletter 22: 183- 4990 Shorelln© Hyw., 184, 1980)has been delayed.--ANTHONYJ. ERSKINE, Canadian Wildlife Service, Stlnson Beach, CA 94970 Sackville, N.B., Canada EOA 3C0. (415) 868-1221 209. VILLAGE, RESIDENTIAL. -- Loca- tion: Ohio; Wyandot Co., Crawford Town-

THE AFFORDABLEALTERNATIVE-NEWFOUNDLAND Not everyone can afford to visit Alaska to look for those EUROPEAN INVADERS tantalizing Eurasian strays that can add several new bird species to a North American list. However, there may be an alternative within eve•yone;s budget. Newfoundland & from St. JOhn's Labrador offers the chance of seeing A•ctic and sometimes European birds without a great deal of effort or expense. April œ$ - May 8 The three tours offered in 1982 ape designed to satisfya birder in search of hard-to-come-by boreal species and at A LAND LOOKING TO THE SEA the same time offer the possibility of a stray seabird or shorebird. All the provinceis main seabi•d colonies are on the itinerary in summer and the late summer trip could from St. John's turn up some early A•ctic shorebirds on the west coast. June 11 - June 26 Tours are led by ROGERBURROWS, author of A Blrdwatcher's Guide to Atlantic Canada. This book is published in the July œ$ - August 7 New Year in three parts. The Newfoundland/Offshore book will be available in early February 1982 in Canada g USA.

AVID SERVICES, PO Box 73 Glovertown Newfoundland AOG 2LO

106 American Birds, January 1982