Ncdware System Administrator's Guide for UNIX Systems
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NCDware System Administrator’s Guide for UNIX Systems Part Number 9300672, Revision A November, 1998 Network Computing Devices, Inc. 350 North Bernardo Avenue Mountain View, California 94043 Telephone (650) 694-0650 FAX (650) 961-7711 Copyright Copyright © 1998 by Network Computing Devices, Inc. The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice. Network Computing Devices, Inc. shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing, performance, or use of this material. This document contains information which is protected by copyright. All rights are reserved. No part of this document may be photocopied, reproduced, or translated to another language without the prior written consent of Network Computing Devices, Inc. Trademarks Network Computing Devices, PC-Xware, and XRemote are registered trademarks of Network Computing Devices, Inc. Explora, HMX, Marathon, NCDware, ThinSTAR, and WinCenter are trademarks of Network Computing Devices, Inc. PostScript, Display PostScript, FrameMaker, and Adobe are trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated. MetaFrame and WinFrame are trademarks of Citrix Systems, Inc. UNIX is a registered trademark in the United States and other countries licensed exclusively through X/Open Company Limited. X Window System is a trademark of X Consortium, Inc. Windows 95, Windows NT, and Windows Terminal Server are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. Windows and Microsoft are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. Other trademarks and service marks are the trademarks and service marks of their respective companies. All terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or service marks have been appropriately capitalized. NCD cannot attest to the accuracy of this information. Use of a term in this book should not be regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark or service mark. Revisions Revision history of this document: Part No. Revision Date Description 9300672 Rev A November 1998 Revised for NCDware 5.1 9300569 Rev B October 1997 Revised for NCDware 5.0 9300461 Rev A August 1996 Revised for NCDware 4.1 9300353 Rev A July 1995 NCDware 4.0 (first release of this guide) Contents Chapter 1 About this Manual Intended Audience 1-1 How to Use This Manual 1-1 About NCD Manuals 1-3 Conventions Used in this Manual 1-5 Comments on the Manual 1-6 Chapter 2 Introduction to Thin Client Devices and NCDware NCD Terminals and the Network Environment 2-1 The X Window System 2-2 NCDware Software 2-3 Boot Monitor 2-3 X Servers 2-4 Host-Resident Utilities 2-4 Chapter 3 Preparing Terminals for Booting Terminal Boot Actions 3-2 Booting Preparations Performed by ncdinstall 3-3 Setting the Token-Ring Network Speed—HMX Terminals 3-3 iii Contents Optional Preparations Before Booting 3-5 Improving Reliability 3-5 Booting 3-5 Login Services 3-6 Font Service 3-6 Name Service 3-6 License Service 3-7 Address Discovery—Using DHCP and BOOTP 3-7 Supported Option Tags 3-7 Dynamic IP Address Allocation using BOOTP 3-8 The bootptab.cfg File 3-8 The bootptab.ip File 3-10 Setting Up Domain Name Service for the Terminal 3-11 Verify that DNS Is Enabled on the Host 3-11 Configure the Terminal to Use DNS 3-11 Placing Required Files in Non-Standard Locations 3-12 Changing X Server Module Load Policy 3-14 About Module Load Policies 3-14 Changing Module Load Policies 3-15 Putting Modules in a Non-Standard Location 3-15 Licensed Features and Types of Licenses 3-16 Managing Node Licenses 3-17 Managing Floating and Site Licenses 3-17 License Management Binaries and Files 3-18 Installing License Management Software 3-19 Specifying License Server Hosts 3-20 Setting Up the license.dat File 3-20 Using an Options File 3-22 iv Contents Starting the License Management Daemons 3-22 Setting Up License Management on WinCenter Hosts 3-23 Configuring Terminals for the Network 3-25 Adding Terminals to the Network 3-25 Modifying Information about Terminals in System Files 3-27 Deleting Terminals from System Files 3-28 Booting Terminals 3-29 Booting from a PC Card 3-29 Rebooting 3-29 Booting Terminals Manually 3-29 Manual Boot from a Local File System 3-30 Manual Boot Using TFTP or NFS 3-30 Setup Menu Equivalents for Remote Configuration Parameters 3-31 Chapter 4 Terminal Configuration Methods Terminal Configuration Overview 4-1 Deciding How to Configure Terminals 4-2 Remote Configuration Files 4-2 Console Setup Menus—Interactive Configuration 4-2 TELNET—Interactive Configuration 4-3 Boot Monitor Setup Menus—Interactive Configuration 4-3 Interaction of Configuration Methods 4-3 About Configuration Parameters 4-4 Read/Write Parameters 4-4 Read-Only Parameters 4-5 When Parameters Take Effect 4-5 v Contents Configuring Terminals Using Remote Configuration Files 4-5 Host-Resident Configuration Files Created by ncdinstall 4-6 The Terminal-Specific Configuration Files 4-7 The Generic Remote Configuration File 4-8 Example Configuration File from the NCDware Distribution 4-10 Editing Remote Configuration Files 4-11 Configuration Commands Used in Remote Configuration Files 4-12 User Preferences File 4-12 Configuring Terminals Using Setup Menus 4-14 Displaying the Setup Menus 4-14 Changing Parameters in Setup Menus 4-16 Cancelling Changes 4-17 Applying Changes to the Current Configuration 4-17 Saving Changes 4-17 Loading Default Values 4-18 Configuring a Remote Terminal through Setup Menus 4-19 Configuring Terminals Using TELNET 4-20 Setting Passwords 4-20 Connecting to a Terminal’s Configuration Daemon 4-21 Using Interactive Configuration Commands 4-22 About Configuration Parameters 4-25 Read-Only and Write-Only Parameters 4-25 Parameter Values 4-25 Setting Parameters in Tables 4-26 Working with Tables in TELNET Sessions 4-26 Working with Tables in Remote Configuration Files 4-27 vi Contents Controlling Access to Terminal Configuration Data 4-28 Disabling the Setup Menus 4-28 Controlling Access to the Console and Setup Menus 4-28 Controlling Access to the Console 4-28 Controlling Access to Setup Menus 4-29 Setup Menu Equivalents for the Auto-Save Parameters 4-30 Chapter 5 Login and X Session Management XDM’s Purpose and Functions 5-1 Specifying the Hosts Offered for Login 5-2 Displaying a Login Banner Only 5-3 Login from a List of Specified Hosts 5-3 Login from One Specific Host 5-3 Login from the First Host to Respond 5-3 Displaying a Login Chooser 5-4 Listing Specific Hosts in the Login Chooser 5-4 Listing All Available Hosts in the Login Chooser 5-5 Windows NT Hosts in the Login Chooser 5-5 Using XDM to Customize the User Environment 5-6 Configuring a System-Wide Environment 5-6 Configuring Individual Environments 5-6 Controlling User and Host Connections to Terminals 5-7 Configuring the Host for XDM Access Control 5-8 Configuring the Terminal for XDM Access Control 5-9 Controlling Access When Clients Are Running on Multiple Hosts 5-10 Using xauth Interactively 5-11 Automating xauth 5-11 vii Contents Using the NCD Display Manager 5-11 About the NCD Display Manager 5-11 Setting Up the NCD Display Manager 5-13 Configuring NCD Terminal Emulator Login 5-14 Automating Login through the NCD Terminal Emulator 5-15 Configuring Terminal Emulator Sessions without Login 5-16 Configuring Login to Microsoft Windows NT Hosts 5-17 Setup Menu Equivalents for Configuration Parameters 5-18 Chapter 6 Configuring Font Service Using Bitmap Fonts 6-1 Bitmap Font Formats 6-2 Putting Fonts on a Non-Standard Host 6-2 Adding Bitmap Fonts to Font Directories 6-3 Using Alternate Fonts 6-4 Deleting Bitmap Fonts and Font Directories 6-5 Changing the Terminal’s Font Path 6-5 Changing the Font Path Permanently 6-5 Setting the Font Path for the Current X Session 6-6 Configuring the Font Path for CDE Bitmap Fonts 6-7 Using the NCD Font Server 6-8 Configuring Font Server Operation 6-9 Enabling the Font Server 6-11 Adding Font Servers to the Font Path 6-11 Adding Font Servers to the Font Path for CDE 6-12 Adding Outline Fonts 6-13 Setup Menu Equivalents for the Font Parameters 6-14 viii Contents Chapter 7 Starting and Configuring Local Clients Summary of Local Clients 7-1 Starting Local Clients 7-10 Starting Clients Automatically at Boot Time 7-10 Adding Clients to a Window Manager’s Root Menu 7-11 Configuring a Window Manager’s Menus 7-11 Launcher Configuration Files 7-12 Adding Local Clients to a Root Menu 7-13 Adding Host-Based Clients to a Root Menu 7-13 Adding Local Clients to the Default Root Menu 7-14 Starting Local Clients from the Console 7-15 Restricting Access to Clients 7-15 Disabling Access to Specific Local Clients from the Terminal 7-15 Restricting Access to Local Clients from Other Hosts 7-16 Restricting User Access to Local Clients 7-17 Configuring Local Clients 7-17 Setting Resources for Local Clients 7-17 Setting Resource Values through Remote Configuration 7-17 Setting Resources in Resource Files 7-18 Using Command-Line Options 7-18 Setup Menu Equivalents for Local Client Parameters 7-19 ix Contents Chapter 8 Getting Information About Terminal Operations Displaying the Console 8-1 Console Messages 8-2 Format of Console Messages 8-4 Viewing Messages in the Console Window 8-4 Viewing Messages through TELNET 8-5 Logging Messages to a File 8-5 Configuring Message Logging 8-6 Configuring Message Time Stamps 8-6 Changing the Message Buffer Size 8-6 Enabling Extended Diagnostics 8-6 X Server Messages Displayed in Dialog Boxes 8-7 Logout Confirmation Dialog Box 8-7 Kill X Clients Dialog Box 8-8 The Console Statistics Menus 8-8 Displaying General Information—Show Version 8-8 Displaying Memory