Food Plants Used in Meriç Town from Turkey

Original Article Food Plants Used in Meriç Town from Turkey

Fatma Güneş Trakya University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Edirne, TURKEY.

ABSTRACT Background: Local people are using the plants those are growing naturally in proximity for many purposes, for example pharmaceutical, food, decoration, and ornamental. In recent years, the number of scientists who are interested in ethnobotany has increased. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the plants used for food by the local people in the province of Meriç and its villages. Methods: 16 villages were visited and interviews were performed with elderly people of the villages, 38 persons in total, in various places. Interviews were carried out face-to-face with the community. Results: At the end of the field studies, food plants from 45 taxa including 27 families were recorded. The herbarium numbers, latin name of the plants, local names, families, village number, parts used and form of usage were listed alphabetically in the table. Conclusion: This is the first ethno botanical study conducted to determine the local names and uses of food plants in Meriç town. Keywords: Edirne, Food plants, Meriç, Turkey.

INTRODUCTION DOI: 10.5530ijper.51.3s.28 Correspondence: Local people are using the plants those are MATERIAL AND METHODS Fatma Güneş, growing naturally in proximity for many Trakya University, Faculty The study was performed in March-October of Pharmacy, Department purposes, for example pharmaceutical, food, of Pharmaceutical Botany, in the years of 2013-2015 in Meriç and fodder, decoration, fuel, toys, crafts and Edirne, TURKEY. surrounding villages. It is a district of Edirne Phone no: +905422808050 ornamental. In recent years, the number of E-mail: [email protected] in European part of Turkey (Fig). The scientists who are interested in ethnobotany numbers representing each village was given has increased.1-8 Turkey is rich in flora and in the table below. At the end of the field approximately 12.000 varieties of plants are studies, 104 specimens were collected. The growing naturally.9-10 Due to its geographical identification of the plant species determined location, geomorphologic structure and to be in use was based on “Flora of Turkey influence of various climate types. There are and East Aegean Islands”9 and ”List of some ethnobotanical studies implemented Turkey Plants”.10 The plant samples identi- in Thrace and world previously.6-8 Akalın fied are kept in Trakya University, Faculty and Alpınar6 have described 58 medicinal of Pharmacy. and edible wild plants in Tekirdağ. Kültür7 has reported 105 species belonging to 50 families from Kırklareli and explained their RESULTS AND DISCUSSION local names and usage as food, tea, fodder, The herbarium numbers, latin name of the spice and dye. Güneş8 have determined 67 plants, local names, families, village number, food plants in Uzunköprü. So far there is parts used and form of usage were listed no study about ethnobotanical properties of alphabetically in the table. In this study, 45 the plants. Therefore, the aim of this study species used as food in the Meriç region was to determine the plants used for food were reported. Among them 32 species are by the local people in the province of Meriç wild and 13 species are cultivated and each and its villages. of them has more than one local name. The www.ijper.org

Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research | Vol 51 | Issue 3 | Jul-Sep, 2017 (Special Issue) S271 Güneş: Food Plants Used in Meriç Town from Turkey

tikfenik sarma pekmez Continued... Dried Salad sweet Cooked Cooked Cooked Cooked pekmez hardaliye fruits baked Usage form Cooked,fresh Cooked, soup meal, meatball, frying, juice called Fresh, dried and jam traditional drink called Fresh leaves for Roasted, spices, pickle, Fresh, jam, marmalade, Boiled grape juice called Cooked and eat with yogurt meal,cooked, roots for grape Fresh or boiled and compote Dried fruit put into sweet, jam Sarma New year food called Fruits Fruits Fruits Fruits Fruits Fruits seeds Scapus Stems ve joung fruits Seeds and Parts used Young leaves Young leaves Young All plant parts Flowers, fruits Stems, leaves Stems, leaves Stems, leaves Stems, leaves Leaves, roods 1,9 1-16 1-16 Village Village 1,4,9,15 3,5,8,14 number 10,15,16 5,7,11,16 2,7,11,16 2,4,11,14 1,7-11,13 5,8,14,15 3-8, 10-14 6,10,13,15 1,6,9,11-13 2,5,7,13,16 1,2,3,7,12,16 1-5,7,10,12-14 1,3-7, 10, 13-16 Family Moraceae Rosaceae Rosaceae Asteraceae Brassicaceae Brassicaceae Boraginaceae Juglandaceae Elaeagneceae Cucurbitaceae Cucurbitaceae Cucurbitaceae Amaryllidaceae Amaranthaceae Amaranthaceae Convolvulaceae Chenopodiaceae Ceratophyllaceae ıştır İncir Ceviz alişan savlak Pancar Table 1: Food Plants Used in Meriç Table Hıştır, ıştır Hıştır, Kış karpuzu Local name Hayva, ayva Kedi kuyruğu Danadili, sığırdili Hindiba, tellikaşık Kızartmalık kabak İde, iğde, tikenli ide Kaşık çalan, kaz dişi, kuşemeciği, kuşyemeğ Kapiş otu tospaotu, kapli, Suvan cücüğü, suvanoku Mışmula, yemişken, yemişen, Kış kaba, sarı kabak, balkaba Iştır, iştir, sirken, telli ıştır, küllü sirken, telli ıştır, iştir, Iştır, Ardal, rapisa, radika, hardaliye L. Döll. album

L. L. L.

L. L. (L.) Medik. Mill. Ten. L. L. L. Duchesne Waldst. & Kit. Waldst. altissima L. subsp. album (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai L. var. L. var. ex Willd. var. Latin name Allium cepa L. Ficus carica Juglans regia Brassica nigra Cucurbita pepo Cichorium intybus Cydonia oblonga Anchusa hybrida Convolvulus arvensis Elaeagnus angustiflolia Amaranthus retroflexus Ceratophyllum demersum Cucurbita moschata Beta vulgaris Capsella bursa-pastoris Crataegus pentagyna Citrullus lanatus Chenopodium album 3842 number Voucher Voucher Cultivated Cultivated Cultivated Cultivated Cultivated Cultivated Cultivated Cultivated Cultivated 3911-3987 3841-3848 4158-4172 3840-4121 4275-3890 4009-4012 3972-4001 4048-4093 3843-4123 4027-4015 4275-3850 3894-3956 3919-3993 4280-3950 4278-3851 4142-3952 4010-3853 4279-4242 4291-4192 3847-b-3881-

S272 Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research | Vol 51 | Issue 3 | Jul-Sep, 2017 (Special Issue) Güneş: Food Plants Used in Meriç Town from Turkey meal meal, patty Continued... meal meal Sarma Spices Spices Cooked Sarma Spices, tea Sarma Sarma Fresh, spices Salad or fresh Roasted, salad Pickle, compote Dried for brekfast Marmalade, drink preserves and jam Marmalade and tea Fresh, eat dried and Cooked, salad, fresh Dried and use spices Cooked, Cooked, sorbet, patty Fresh, cake, compote, Dried flowers for winter tea Cooked, Fruits Fruits Fruits Fruits Fruits leaves leaves flowers Leaves Leaves Leaves Leaves Flowers Air parts Air parts Air parts Fresh plant, Flowers and Joung plants All plant parts Stems, leaves Stems, leaves Fruits and joung 4,7 7,11 1-16 1-16 1-16 1-16 1-16 2,4,7,11 4-11, 15 4-11, 1-13, 15 1-7,11-16 2,5-14,15 2,4,6,9,15 3,5,9,13,15 1-7, 9-13,15 3,9,12,15,16 5-8,11, 14,16 5-8,11, 1,3-11, 13-15 1,3-11, 4-6, 8, 12, 16 1,3-8,10, 14-15 Moraceae Fabaceae Rosaceae Rosaceae Rosaceae Rosaceae Malvaceae Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Solanaceae Brassicaceae Polygonaceae Polygonaceae Portulacaceae Papaveraceae Plantaginaceae Ranunculaceae Table 1: Cont'd. Table Kekik tranka yemişi Ak dut siğilotu Fasulye cuprişka Domates Semizotu Çay bitkisi yağlılabad ebegömeci, nöninka, laninka Kır nanesi, nane Karamık, kapinak, Eşekturbu, turpotu Güvem, bürbonka, karabubucuk, papıda bayır nanesi, piperice Gelincik, lale, ruja, gül, Cubrika, çiprisa, çibrisa, Domuz ahlatı, taşlı ahlat Sinirli ot, sinirotu, yaraotu, Ebegümeci, gümülcün otu, Kekik, keklikotu, dağ kekiği Labada, aklabada, alabuda, Güveyotu, güveotu, kekikotu, Kuşburnu, Köpek gülü, köpek Kuzukulağı, ekşikulak, işikulak

Boiss. hirtum major L. spicata L. L. subsp. Pall. L. L. L. L.

L. Ten. L. Danin L. glauca (L.) Benth. Schreb. subsp.

L. subsp. L. subsp. L. (Kuth. & Sachokia) L. var. L. var. Vulev (Link) Ietsw raphanistrum Morus alba Rosa canina Rumex crispus Prunus spinosa Rumex acetosa Malva sylvestris Papaver rhoaes Saturea hortensis Phaseolus vulgaris Portulaca rausii bulgarica Saturea cuneifolia Rubus sanctus Pyrus elaeagnifolia Lycopersicum esculentum Lycopersicum Micromeria juliana Plantago major Mentha spicata Raphanus raphanistrum Origanum vulgare subsp. Nigella arvensis 4298 3980-c Cultivated Cultivated Cultivated Cultivated 4101-4111 4283-3954 3844-3885 3891-4125 4186-4122 4236-3939 4293-3854 4032-3846 3887-4225 3849-4090 3882-3947 3996-4147 4193-3875 3872-3992 3936-3938 4006-4128 3969-4131 4154-4216 4176-3856 3899-4117- 3965-3982- 3845-3846-

Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research | Vol 51 | Issue 3 | Jul-Sep, 2017 (Special Issue) S273 Güneş: Food Plants Used in Meriç Town from Turkey Spice, oil Spices, tea Fresh, pickle Fresh or cooked Side dish in salad Cooked and patty Slurry, meatball, patty, soup meatball, patty, Slurry, fruits Fruits Stems Seeds Leaves Joung plants Immature fruits Fresh and dried

Figure 1: The map of Meriç 2,11 1-16 14,16 3,6,9,14 4,8,12,14 2,4,6,9,15 1-3,7,10-15

1,2,5,8,10,12, most commonly used plants are Capsella bursa-pastoris, Malva sylvestris, Papaver rhoaes, Portulaca rausii, Prunus spinosa, Rumex crispus, Stellaria media, Urtica dioica. They were generally used as cooked, roasted, salad, fresh and pickle. Vitaceae Trapaceae Urticaceae Lamiaceae Asteraceae Pedaliaceae CONCLUSION Caryophllaceae This is the first ethnobotanical study conducted to determine the local names and uses of food plants in Meriç town. It is important to document the valuable Table 1: Cont'd. Table information because the transfer of knowledge from the old generation to the new generation is diminishing. Kekik göngel Tarfın, susam Tarfın,

Isırgan, kopirma ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Koruk, kuş asması Çökelek, devetabanı

Kuşotu, cabana, tıngılcık I wish to express our gratitude to all the villagers of Sütlü kengel, kengel tikeni, Meriç who have collaborated in the realization of this study. The study was carried out with the support of Trakya University (project 2013/22). L.

L. L. CONFLICT OF INTEREST (L.) Vill. C.Presl subsp. C.C.Gmel.

(L.) Gaertn. subsp. None marianum longicaulis Urtica dioica Trapa natans Trapa REFERENCES Sesamum indicum Stellaria media

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PICTORIAL ABSTRACT SUMMARY • This is the first ethnobotanical study, was performed in March-October in the years of 2013- 2015 in Meriç town, european part of Turkey. • 16 villages were visited and 38 people inter- viewed, 45 food plants were identified.

ABOUT AUTHORS Fatma Güneş: Is working as a Assoc. Prof. in Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Trakya University, TURKEY. She is researching on plant systematics, palynology, karyology, seed morphology and ethnobotany.

Cite this article: Günes F. Food Plants Used in Meriç Town from Turkey. Indian J of Pharmaceutical Education and Research. 2017;51(3)Suppl:S271-75.

Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research | Vol 51 | Issue 3 | Jul-Sep, 2017 (Special Issue) S275