Minutes of the Fifty-First Session of the European Advisory Council Held Under the Presidency of His Honour, W. F. Mackenzie , Esquire, C.B.E

Minutes of the fifty-first session of the European Advisory Council held under the presidency of His Honour, W. F. Mackenzie , Esquire, C.B.E. Resident Commissioner of the Bechuanaland Protectorate at Mafeking 3rd to 7th November, 1952

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Alternative title Minutes of the [...] session of the European Advisory Council Author/Creator Bechuanaland Protectorate. European Advisory Council Publisher Bechuanaland Protectorate. European Advisory Council Date 1952-11-03 - 1952-11-07 Resource type Journals (Periodicals) Language English Subject Coverage (spatial) Botswana Coverage (temporal) 1952 Source Northwestern University Libraries, L968.1A E89m v.50-51 Format extent 120 page(s) (length/size)

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BECHUANALAND PROTECTORATE MINUTES of the FIFTY-FIRST SESSION of the EUROPEAN ADVISORY COUNCIL held under the Presidency of HIS HONOUR, W.F. MacKenzie, Esquire, C.B.E. Acting Resident Commissioner, from the 3rd to 7th November, 1952...... -- -oOo- Mr.C.H. Riley - Ch Mr. L.S. Glover, 0. Mr. F. Ramsden ... Mr. V.C. Royle, J.1 Mr. H.S. van Gass.. Mr. G.J. McLaggan.. Mr. A.D. Fincham... Mr. Russell England Mr. C.R. Latimer, C Mr. H.V. Davies Mr. J.E.R. Roe ... F.H. Bosman ... G.A.L. Rutledge J. Gardiner ... W.R. McIntosh.. MEMBERS OF COUNCIL PRESENT airman - ...... Batawana Reserve and Chobe District. B.E., J.P..4 ... Gaberones Block and Batlokwa Reserve...... Ghanzi and all Crown Lands excluding Chobe District...... Tati Territory. Tuli Block. Bamangwato Reserve...... Lobatsi Block and Panyani Farm. , O.B.E., J.P ... Bamalete, Bakwena, Bakgatla and Bangwaketse Reserves and Barolong Farms. 9.B.Es ...... Acting Deputy Resident Commissioner and Government Secretary. ... Director of Public Works...... Director of Veterinary Services. ... .0. Director of Agriculture...... Treasurer .. ... Pe Principal Education Officer ...... 0.. Income Tax Officer. -....o0o ------

EUROPEAN ADVISORY COUNCIL 51st Session November, 1952. A GENDA 1. That arms licence fees be increased and the method of licensing changed. (5228/2 III) Government 2. That the Rhodesia Railways be asked to provide more accommodation for the public at Gaberones Station. (3104/5.) Mr. Glover 3. (a) That the Inspector of Posts and Telegraphs who recently toured the territory be invited to place before Council proposals for an improvement in the postal service. (b) That any recommendations arising from the discussion be considered by Government. (6479/2.) Mr. Riley 4. That Government be requested to finalise arrangements for the improved local control of Postal Control. (C 8966.) Mr. England 5. That Government considers the advisability of acquiring the Telegraph and Telephone systems from the Southern Rhodesia Government. (75331I11) Mr. Royle 6. Tha in view of the long interval between the June S holiday and the first Monday in October, the first Monday in August be declared a permanent public holiday. (2178.) Mr. Royle 7. That as Christmas Day falls on a Thursday this year, Saturday, the 27th December, 1952, be declared a Public Holiday. (2178.) Mr. Royle 8. That line 2 of section 3 of the British South Africa Land Proclamation (Cap.92) be amended by the insertion of the words "to Europeans only" between the words "thereof" and "for". (757/2.) Mr. van Gass 9. That Government be given powers for the compulsory acquisition of land for public purposes.(8580.) Government 10. That the Income Tax Law as it stands in Chapter 73 of the Revised Laws be amended as follows:(i) Sub-Section 12 of Section 8 to include a paragraph (g) after paragraph (f) to read:"(g) All agricultural implements and tractors used in the production of crops and antierosion works within the Territory." (ii)/

(iii) (ii) Paragraph (e) of Section 15 (1) to read:"(e) Income carried to any reserve Fund or capitalized in any way other than by purchase of Agricultural machinery, implements etc.. necessary for the carrying -of the occupation of the farmer." J2470/28.) Mr. Glover 11. That all expenditure for the development of water and the conservation of moisture be admissible in the determination of taxable income. (2470/28.) Mr. Glover 12. That overnment come to some arrangement with the Southern Rhodesian Authorities regarding temporary visits of European inhabitants of this Territory to Southern Rhodesia. (6674/111.) Mr. England 13. That Council consider the "Draft Federal Scheme" relative to the proposed Federation of the Rhodesias and Nyasaland and that action be taken to explore the advisability and opportunity for the Bechuanaland Protectorate to become a member State. (9234.) Mr. Glover 14. That the Trades Proclamation submitted to and approved by Council at its last sitting be made law as from the lst January, 1953. (4243/5.) Mr. England 15. That the agriculture vote be made adequate to provide for greater expansion in the production of grain. Mr. Riley 16. That Government inform Council of progress made towards setting up a Central Granary System. (9093.) Mr. England 17. That a hostel be built in connection with the Lobatsi School. (6794 lV.) Mr. Glover 18. That the extra territorial education of European Children be further considered. (3999.) Mr. England 19. That Government take such steps as may be necessary to re-organise the Bamangwato College, as regards finance and the adequate utilisation of the facilities that exist. (6893/1 VIII.) Mr. England 20. That owing to the considerable increase in the farming population of the Tati Territory, Government considers the position in regard to fencing and Public Roads. Mr. Royle 21. That Council urge on Government the necessity of a strong Veterinary Department, full and well staffed, adequately/

(iv) adequately equipped and furnished with sufficient and proper transport so that the proper routine animal health requirements of the Territory can regulatly be taken care of, as well as being able to cope with any emergency that may from time to time arise. (6704 II & 7838/2 II) Mr. England 22. That Council be informed of the progress made towards finalising the various agreements with the Colonial Development Corporation and the arrangements made for the commencement of the Lobatsi Abattoir. (9167 VI Mr. England

(v) EUROPEAN ADVISORY COUNCIL 51st Session November, 1952. SUPPLEMENTARY AGENDA 23. That the hospital at Francistown being very inadaquate for present and growing needs, Government considers the provision of a new hospital on a more suitable site and the conversion of the existing building into an administrative block of offices. (5297/511 Mr. Royle 24. That as the jail at Francistown is inadequate for present needs and in too close proximity to other Government buildings and residences, a new jail on a more suitable site be considered by Government. (8492.) Mr. Royle 25. That in view of the considerable expansion in commerce and farming in the Protectorate, particularly in the north, Government be requested to endeavour to get the various banks interested in opening branches or agencies in the more important centres. (7194 & 7194/3.) Mr. Royle 26. That the price margin on grain and grain products be reviewed and that Government should allow to traders an economic margin. (3386/3.) Mr. England 27. That Government take adequate steps to ensure to this territory a proper proportion of the imports ordinarily obtainable from our neighbours and further to ensure that they, on the other hand always take a reasonable amount of our normal exports. Mr. England 28. That Government immediately takes steps to get an emergency bone meal quota from the Union of South Africa. Mr. England

(vi) PROGRESS REPORT NOTES ON PROGRESS IN RESPECT OF MATTERS ARISING OUT OF DISCUSSIONS IN FORMER SESSIONS OF COUNCIL. 1. Fencing of the Tuli Block back line Mr. van Gass' motion, 50th Session, Item 34. Thet Government give the wire to the Northern Tuli Block farmers to fence the back line from Selika Camp to Shashi River, as has been promised repeatedly. Approach was made to the Union Veterinary authorities who, unfortunately, do not think that there is the slightest hope of the Union Government providing funds for the purchase of fencing materials. (6947.) 2. Road Maintenance Mr. England's motion, 50th Session, Item 24. Roads in Ghanzi District Mr. RamAden's motion, 50th Session, Item 15. The extra grant of £5,000 to augment the roads vote was not forthcoming end consequently it has not been possible to purchase a new power grader nor has it been possible to hire a power grader from any source. The Public Works Department has developed out of scrap material a drag for use with tractors of the existing betterment gangs. This hus effectively broken up corrugations on hard sections of road and is in use between Ramathlabema and GOberones. Blading with a grader is completely ineffective owing to the hardness of the surface and lack of moisture in the sub-grade; gravelling is at a standstill for the same reason. This can only be iomedied after the rains have created conditions where effective work can be undertaken on the sur.face and formation of the roads. In the current financial year, Ghanzi received an allocation of £165 which is greeater than any other district allocation this year and is 23 per cent of the total allocations to District Commissioners. It also received a special grant of £558 from Dairy Levy Funds, and part of this was used to pay for a grader loaned by South West Africen Administration which greatly improved the road from Ghanzi to Kalkfont in. (8302/5.)

(vii) 3. "Footagel, allowances for Government drillers. Mr. Glover's motion, 50th Session, Item 17. That administrative personnel drilling for water be paid a footage rate plus basic pay. Government is not prepared to introduce this system. (3686/1.) 4. Means of increasing revenue Government's motion, 50th Session, Item 14. That Council consider ways and means of increasing the revenue of the Territory. Transfer duty There appehrs to be a misapprehension on this subject since the duty in the Bechuanaland Protectorate is, on the whole,higher than in the Union. In the Union there is c flht rate of 3%i The scale in the Territory is:a. Up to £1,000 ...... % b. Exceeding £1,000 but not exceeding £2,000 ... 3% c. Exceeding £2,000 *.. 4A The average consideration for land in the Territory over the past three years has been £2,358. (8215/1.) 5. Improvement in Hides a Rd Skins Mr. Glover's motion, 50th Session, Item 28. That Council consider legislation for the improvement of hide exports. "The Hide and Skin Tradb Rules" havs been drafted and circulated to District Commissioners for their observations. A Tswana version of a book on hide preparation, illustrated by photographs, is being pre-pared. (6274 lV. ) 6. Cattle straying over the border Mr. Royle's motion, 50th Session, Item 25. Thet until the m-tter has been further investigated Government Secretary's Ciroulr Memorandum No. 27 of 1952 be suspended. The High Commissioner is in correspondence with the Government of Southern Rhodesia on the question of cattle/

(viii) cattle straying over the border in both directions, His Excellency has suggested that all stray animals should be impounded, and the owner given an opportunity of claiming healthy animals, on payment of a fee. Animals found to be suffering from a notifiable disease would be slaughtered. (7545/1.) 7. Ammunition Returns Mr. Riley's motion, 50th Scssion, Item 6. That ammunition returns be rendered annually instead of monthly. A recommendation was made to the High Commissioner that ammunition returns should be rendered annually instead of monthly. His decision is awaited. (5228/3.) 8. Cost of Living allowance for pensioners Mr. Glover's motion, 50th Session, Item 37. That Government give immediate consideration to alleviations of the lot of pre-1947 Pensioners by adjusting their pensions on the basis of the Fitzgerald salary adjustment, and that payment should be made retrospective to 1st January, 1947. Such pension and Cost of Living Allowance if any should be payable without any question of a means test. The vi,,s of Council here placed before the High Commissioner. A smawll increase in the rates has been approved and they are now as follows:(1) Morried pensioners with pensions up to £50 a year - £75. 0.0 (2) Married pensioners with pensions over £50 a year but under £652.10.0 a year - £112.10.0. (3) Single pensioners with pensions under £350 a year- £37.10.O (2464/4.) 9. Telephone comunicaton from Lobatsi to Francistown Mr. Glover's motion, 50th Session, Item 16. That the telephone system be extended to Gaberones from Lobatsi, and on to Francistown. Representations were made to the Rhodesia Railways regarding the installation of a telephone system over the existing railway wires. The matter was referred by Rhodesia Railways to the South African Railways, which administers the line south of Bulawayo and a reply is awaited. (7533 111.) 10./

-(ix) 10. Pulapye and Serowe Aerodromes Mr. Freeman's motion, 49th Session, Item 6. That the aerodromes of Palapye and Serowe be put into good repair and hept in useable condition. The Air Adviser duly visited Serowe and as a result a site for an airstrip has been selected at Swaneng, 7 miles distant. The High Commissioner has authorised the necessary expenditure reiiuired to prepare the airstrip. The Palapye aerodrome was dealt with in the Progress Report for the last session. (271.) 11. Succession Proclmtion Government's motion, 50th Session, It,= 2. That Council states its views on the proposal that the existing Succession Proclamation (Cap.72) be replaced by a new Intestate Succession Proclamation, a draft of which is attached. It has been decided not to proceed with the proposed new Succession Proclamation. (6969.) 12. Soil Conservation Mr. England's motion, 50th Session, Item 3. That Comoil consider intensive conservation area measures for European areas. It is not yet possible to report any progress in this matter. (6307/2 IIL) 13. Head of Education Department Mr. England's motion, 50th Session, Item 36. That the Head of the Education Department be re-instated as Director. The cuestion of revorting to the title Director of Education instead of Principal Education Officur has been referred to the High Commissioner. (C 2872.) 14. Conditions of lease of Government lend Mr. Ramsden's motion, 50th Session, Item 10. That lessees of Government farms be given more favourable terms of tenure. The m-jttor is under oonsideration in consultation with the District Commissionur, Ghanzi. (£002 II.) /15.

(x) 15. Trades Proclf.imition Government's motion, 50th Session, Item 1. That the Trades Proclamation, a draft of which is attached be adopted by Council and submitted to the High Commissioner for entctment subject to any comments which the African Advisory Council may make. The amendments suggested by Council were incorporated in the draft which was sent to the Atorney General who suggested certain amendments in the form of the Proclamation. These are being drafted by the Legal Assistant. (4243/5.) 16. Ghanzi School and Hostel Mr. Ramsden's motion, 50th Session, Item 11. That the completion of the school and hostel at Ghanzi be given priority and the trrmsfer of the children be made with as little delay as possible. The school is practically completed -nd the excavations for the hostel are being dug. (4215 III. ) 17. Anti-foot and mouth disease measures Mr. England's motion, 50th Session, Item 19. That Council review the progress made to improve the Territory's anti foot and mouth disease measures. The position at the beginning of last month (October) is that all materials and equipment have been ordered and much of the material has been delivered. It is hoped that the difficulties in obtaining trucks will be overcome in the near future. Debeete fence Work stzrted on the 17th Maroh 1952. The fence, with the exception of 35 miles which could not be surveyed, was completed in the last week of September and the only work being performed on this fence at the present time is that on the twelve foot wide clearing road on either side of the fence. Originally gc.me caused frequent breaks, but latterly breaks have been fewer. The fence easily withstands a charging wildebeest as has often been seen. Debeete Quarantine Work on this quarantine started in the last week of Sept..mber, and rapid progress is being made. For the present, the fenced ares will comprise about 60 square miles. Additional areas will be acquired if necessary. Five boreholes have been sunk successfully. Four of these, giving over 1000 gallons an hour each, are for cattle and paddocking will be so arranged that each paddock will be supplied by two boreholes. Boreholes are being filled so that a part of the quarantine can be used immediately.

(xi) A survey is being made along the Makalamabedi fence. As soon as possible, work will start on the Kuki Quarantine and thereafter on the Makalamabedi fence. Neither project should take much more than two months' work. The central Bamangwato fence will be roughly surveyed, and marked after the Makalamabedi fence has been surveyed. (C0.9072. ) 18. Weirs Mr. Glover's motion, 50th Session, Item 30. That survey be undertaken to ascertain the possibilities for raising the water-table in inhabited valleys of minor rivers by weirs. Government is not pursuing this proposal. (667 III.) 19. Central Granary Mr. England's motion, 50th Session, Item 35. That Government consider the erection of a Central Granary and its operation. The Agricultural Department has investigated the storage arrangements in the Union and in Southern Rhodesia during the past few months and the questions of costsand building problems are being examined. It is an undertaking of considerable magnitude and demands a great deal of preliminary investigation. (9093.) 20. Sweepstakes for charitable purposes Mr. Riley's motion, 50th Session, Item 8. That organised sweepstakes for charitable purposes be permitted in the Territory. The proposal has again been laid before the High Commissioner who has found himself unable to approve it. (844/10.) 21. Main trunk road northwards from Mahalapye Mr. Royle's motion, 50th Session, Item 27. That Government be requested to take steps to deal with the bad and dangerous state of the main trunk road from Mahalapye to the Southern Rhodesian border which is in marked contrast to the reasonably good condition of the road from Mahalapye to the South. At the end of May, 1952, all the available heavy road construction plant was transferred to work on the Francistown- Palapye road and a construction camp was established/

(xii) established near Francistown. Since then, Todd's Creek and the subsidiary stream south of the Shashi River have been bridged. A further two culverts and four concrete and stone packed inverts have been completed between Francistown and Shashi. Stumping and clearing has been completed from Tonota to Foley. The road has also been graded and gravelled for approximately thirty miles south of Francistown. Great difficulty has been experienced as a result Of breakdowns of plant, and the present critical shortage of transport is seriously hampering progress of the work. (8302 I.) 22. Additional revenue measures Government's motion, 50th Session, Item 14 (continued) Taxation of unoccupied land Government has received specimen legislation of other colonial dependencies which i s being examined. Income Tax It is not at present proposed to levy income tax on African general dealers. Bicycle Tax This is still under consideration. 23. Compulsory Education Mr. Ramsden's motion, 50th Session, Item 12. That education of European children up to the age of 16 years or to Standard Vl whichever is the earlier be made compulsory in such districts as Government may from time to time declare. There is no progress to report on this question. (2973.) 24. Immigration Control Mr. Ramsden's motion, 50th Session, Item 13. That stricter immigration control measures be introduced on the South West Border. As indicated in the debate, the calls upon the Police Force at the present time make it impossible, for the time being, to introduce stricter control. (1859/9 III) 25. Ammunition quotas Mr. Riley's motion, 50th Session, Item 7. That traders be granted import permits for a determined quota of ammunition annually regardless of the balance on hand at the end of each year. This proposal will be implemented. (077/.) 26./

(xiii) 26. Road Transgortation Board Mr. Riley's motion, 50th Session, Item 9. That Government considers the introduction of a Road Transportation Board. This proposal was put to the African Advisory Council at the session which was held last month. It was not unfavourably received and will now be followed up. (9901.) 27. Postal Services Mr. England's motion, 50th Session, Item 21. That Council review the existing postal administration in the Territory and endeavour to make recommendations for improving its efficiency. This matter has been placed on the agenda for further discussion. (C 8966.) 28. Trades Proclamation Mr. England's motion, 50th Session, Item 22. That Council consider a draft Proclamation for the better licensing of trades and business in the Territory. This was combined with Item 15 of this Progress Report. 29. Licences for private drillina machines Mr. Glover's motion, 50th Session, Item 29. That all privately owned drilling machines working on hire pay an annual licence of £5 per machine before starting operations within the Territory. This has been included in the draft Traders Proclamation. (4243/5.)

(xiv) (5228/2111) NOTE FOR EUROPEAN ADVISORY COUNCIL Item 1. ARMS LICENSING At present an arms licence lasts as long as the licensee has the weapon. The fee for licensing is 5/- for a European and no fee is payable by an African. It is suggested that the owner of a weapon should be required to take out a licence annually and that the following fees should be charged:European resident 10/- a year European non-resident £1 a year Afri~can for a h.v. rifle 5/- a year African - for any type of arm 2/6 a year In the first place, this would bring in increased revenue. Secondly, it would enable an annual check to be made of all arms and District Commissioners would thus always have up-to-date information regarding the arms licensed in his district. Thirdly, there is at present no statutory provision for cancelling a licence; under the proposed new system, this could be achieved by refusing to renew a licence. In most African territories, Africans are required to pay for arms licences. (xv) NOTE FOR EUROPEAN ADVISORY COUNCIL COMPULSORY ACQUISITION OF LAND Government invites the views of Council on the desirability of introducing legislation permitting the compulsory acquisition of land or rights connected with land by Government for the public benefit anywhere in the Territory. Most governments have this power; the powers of this government are however restricted. Government may, by proclamation, acquire private land owned by the British South Africa Company under Section 8 of Cap 92, and, for government buildings only, may under Section 4 of Cap 90 acquire land owned by the Tati Company. Under the Railway Proclamation (No. 36 of 1949) land may be acquired by the Rhodesia Railways for new lines and ancillary purposes. Put Government has no direct means of acquiring land in Tribal Areas, or elsewhere (with the exceptions stated above), unless the deed of transfer or grant specifically gives the power. There has not yet been any occasion when the power has been urgently needed, but with growing developments in the Territory, it may be needed, and it seems better to consider the matter in general terms than to await a specific occasion by w ich consideration might to some extent be biased. Examples of possible requirements are for land for water reservoirs, for public amenities in a township, or for airfields. Safeguards would be essential to ensure that:(a) acquisition is not enforced against the owner's will, unless it is really necessary in the public interest; (b) the owner is adequately recompensed. It is suggested that for (a) the approval of the High Commissioner should be obtained in each case, and that for (b) any disagreement between Government and the owner should be decided by the High Court. The Public Lands Acquisition Ordinance of Northern Rhodesia (Cap 70 of the Laws of N.R.) would serve as a useful model for the general procedure to be followed. This ordinance was promulgated on the 23rd May, 1930.

(xvi) NOTE FOR-EUROPEAN ADVISORY COUNCIL DRAFT TRADES AND BUSINESS PROCLAMATION The draft Trades and Business Proclamation, which was considered in detail at the last meeting of Council, is still under discussion with the Government law officers, who suggested certain alterations. These are more of form than substance, but are more difficult to adopt than might have been expected. There remains one material point on which the views of Council are sought. (a) To implement certain suggestions made at the last meeting, draft legislation hns been prepared to bring the control of livestock and livestock produce entirely under the "Control of Livestock Industry Proclamation". Dealing in smallstock and equines will now be controlled in the same way as bovines, and a new licence will be introduced to cover the produce thereof. (b) The purchase of skins will it is hoped shortly fall under separate control with the introduction of the proposed "Ftides and Skins"t regulations. Thus with the removal of small stock and equines and hides and skins from the scope of the Produce Dealers Licence, this licence would be left with nothing but grains, and if a central granary is built the purchase and movement of the staple food grains will also have to come under a fresh system of control. It is for consideration therefore how the diminished Produce Dealers Licence should be treated or whether it should survive at all: it is considered to have been an unsatisfactory form of licence.

EUROPEAN ADVISORY COUNCIL OPENING ADDRESS - by HIS HONOUR THE ACTING RESIDENT COMMISSIONER W.F. MACKENZIE Esquire C.B.E. MONbAY. 3rd NOVEMBER.1952 AT 2.30 P.M. ACTING RESIDENT COMMISSIONER: Mr. Fincham, I must ask you to take the Oath of Allegiance. Mr. Fincham took the Oath of Allegiance. ACTING RESIDENT COMMISSIONER: Gentlemen, I welcome you to the 51st session of Council and I extend a particular welcome to Mr. Fincham who takes his seat at this Council for the first time as a representative of Lobatsi. Mr. Beetham left the Protectorate at the end of September to act as Chief Secretary to the High Commissioner during the absence on sick leave of Mr. Turnbull. Mr. Beetham will himself go on leave to the United Kingdom towards the end of the year. Members will have heard with repugnance and distress of the outbreak of public violence at Serowe on the 1st June which resulted in the deaths of Sergeant E. Moeketsi and Corporal N. Horoto B.E.M. of the Basutoland Mounted Police and Trooper L. Matlhanyane of the Bechuanaland Protectorate Police. I have also to record, with much regret, the death last June of Mr. Sarel Burger of Ghanzi who had been a resident of the territory for nearly forty years. As a mark of respect to their memories I would ask Council to stand. The disturbers of the peace at Serowe were duly brought to trial. In the High Court seven were convicted of assault with intent to do grievous bodily harm and each sentenced to seven years' imprisonment with hard labour. Thirty one persons were convicted of public violence and of these two were bound over to keep the peace and the others received prison sentences varying from one to three years. Five royal headmen were amongst those sentenced to three years' imprisonment. Of the cases remitted to the Subordinate Court, eleven persons were sentenced to two years' imprisonment and six persons to one year. The behaviour of the Administrative Officers and of all ranks of the Police during the disturbancesis deserving of the greatest praise. In circumstances of great danger they showed forbearance, courage and calmness of a very high order. Her Majesty the Queen was graciously pleased to confer the following honours for outstanding services during these disturbances:-

-2 Mr. P.G. Batho, District Officer - an O.B.E. Mr. D.A.T. Atkins Assistant Distriot Officer the George Meaal Sub-Inspector M. Smuts, Bechuanaland Protectorate Police Colonial Police Medal for Gallantry Late Sergeant E. Moeketsi, Basutoland Mounted Police Colonial Police Medal for Gallantry Late Corporal N. Horoto, B.E.M., Basutoland Mounted Police Colonial Police Medal for Gallantry Constable R. Oabile, Bechuanaland Protectorate Police British Empire Medal Constable 0. Resheng, Bechuanaland Protectorate Police British Empire Medal Sub-Inspector D.X.' Green, Bechuanaland Protectorate Police Queen's Commendation for Brave Conduct Lance-Corporal E. Ncheke, Basutoland Mounted Police Queen's Commendation for Brave Conduct Trooper N. Ntsiele. Basutoland Mounted Police Queen's Commendation for Brave Conduct I have also much pleasure in recording the following awards in the Birthday Honours List:Mr. JJD.A. Germond, O.B.E. - C.B.E. Lieutenant Colonel M.R.D. Langley M.V.O. - O.B.E. Major O.B. Miller - I.S.O. Captain R.O. Hassall - Colonial Police Medal for Meritorious Servios Senior Inspector C.A. Webb - Colonial Police Medal for MIritDrious Servic Sergeant A.M. Nchindo - Colonial Police Medal for Mertorious Service Members are fully aware of the burden which has been cast not only on the economy of the Territory but on the time of a considerable number of officers by the troubles in the Bamangwato Reserve in the last three years. The decision by Her Majesty's Government in June this year to bar Mr. Seretse Khama and his children from the Chieftainship and the voluntary renunciation of any claim to that office by Mr. Tshekedi Khama for himself or his children was the first step in putting to an end the uncertainty regarding the future which existed in the minds of the tribesmen. Although it is true that rumours continue to be spread about the possible return of Mr. Seretse Khama, despite the terms of the Order in Council which were given all possible ublicity in the Reserve, much real progress has been made in the ast three months and as a result of preliminary meetings and discussions /

-3 discussions, a conference of headmen decided early in October by a majority of 73 to 6 that a fu2. ibal meeting be held on the 10th November to designate a new Chief. This is a substantial step forward and if a new chief is designated at that meeting who is acceptable to the High Commissioner and the Secretary of State, I hope it will not be long before this unhappy chapter in the Protectorate's history is brought to a close and that it will be possible to proceed with developments which have beer prevented by the present political situation. Members have been notified of the mission which has just set out to survey the possibilities of economic development in the west of the Kalahari. I can now tell you the full membership of tie mission. It consists of Mr. Gaitskell formerly managing director of the Gezira Cotton Board, Mr.Curre, a rancher of wide experience under African conditions, Dr.Pickrell, Director of Extension Services in Arizona, Colonel van der Post, who has visited the Territory before and is known to most of you, and Chief Bathoen. Mr. Kneen, Government Drilling Superintendent will also accompany the party. The mission will be in the Territory for some six weeks and I have aslmd Mr. Gaitskell particularly to contact the member for Ghanzi when he arrives in that district. The party will come back to Lobatsi in early or mid December and I am inviting the Standing Committee of the Joint Advisory Council to meet the members of the mission and pit forward any views they would like to express. The Committee includes Messrs. Riley Glover and England, who are members of this Council. I should add that the cost of the mission is being met from funds provided under the Colonial Development and Welfare Act and not jointly by the Colonial Development Corporationand Government as was previously stated. I must express my apologies to Council for the fact that the draft estimates have not yet been completed. This is due to my pre-occupation with Bamangwato Affairs. I propose however to ask the Finance Committee of Council to pay a special visit to Mafeking to consider the estimates when they are complete, probably in about 2 to 3 weeks? time or alternatively if it would suit members Uetter to arrange for the Government Secretary and the Treasurer to meet the other members of the Finance Committee at Lobatsi or Gaberones. Members will be aware of the Rhodes Centenary Exhibition which will be held in Bulawayo next year. The three High Commission Territories are jointly hiring space for a stand. Mr. Leech, the Welfare Officer is responsible for organising the Bechuanaland Protectorate exhibits and before the end of this session Ishould be grateful if Council would meet him in Committee and give him their advice on this matter. The agenda includes an item referring to the agreements with the Colonial Development Corporation and I am pleased to be able to tell you that we expect Mr. Mitchell, Regional Controller for South and Central Africa; also Mr. Walker from the Corporationts London Office to arrive here this week to tie up final details of the agreements. Your views on matters other than formalities will be sought when we discuss Item No. 22. Reports on departmental activities as usual form an annexure to my speech and will be distributed tonEmbers and I need hardly say that if Council in caucus requires the services of any head of department those services will be available during the session.

-4 - ANNEXURE TO HIS HONOUR'S ADDRESS TO THE EUROPEAN ADVISORY COUNCIL-NOVEMBER. 1952 AGRICULTURE The territory has had an exceptionally poor season. Food importations have reached the highest level of between thirteen and fourteen thousand bags of mealies and mealie-meal in recent months, and the total costs of mealie imports for 1952 will amount to over £250,000. Regression in grazing occurred which has caused abnormal stock losses in many parts. The supplies of food grain expeoted from the Colonial Development Project did not materialise because of excessive rains at Matetsi. There has-been increased activity in agriculture in the European blocks, where good harvests were obtained; but these provided relatively little of the Territory's grain requirements and consisted mainly of cotton, Rroundnuts, tobacco and wheat. The shortages in the requirments of man and beast are due to poor agricultural practices rather than to drought conditions, and every effort must be made to improve the level of production. A survey of Crown Lands in the Ghanzi district is to be undertaken with a view to better utilisation of that area, and it is proposed to apply for funds for preliminary agricultural development of certain areas in Ngamiland where economic large scale crop production may be possible. EDUCATION Draft Estimates for 1952/53 have been approved since the 50th session of Council. These include provision for an increase in the value of primary education grants from £16 to £24 annually, and of secondary bursaries from £24 to £32 annually. £500 is provided to improve school accommodation at Francistown, and £750 towards the erection of new school rooms at Mahalapye, both on the pound for pound basis against community contributions. Approval has now been given for an additional sum of 0S,450 under the Colonial Development and Welfare Act to build the Ghanzi European boarding school on the larger scale of the new-plans. Foundations for the boarding establishment have been prepared and the bulk of the building materials purchased. Application has been made to the High Commissioner for authority to pay Cost of Living Allowance at Government rates, and with retrospective effect to 1st April, 1952, to teachers in grant-aided schools. In consequence of increased enrolment, a second teacher has been employed at Gaberones. The school at Tsessebe which has been renovated, has been temporarily closed. The/

-5 - The previous teacher resigned as the result of a dispute with parents, and advertisements for a replacement have produced no applications. Mrs. C.F. Minchin terminated her services with the Department in October, and the post has not yet been filled. Mr. G.A.C. Kuschke took up his duties at Kanye on 1st September as Education Officer, South, having been appointed on contract for a period of three years. The Welfare Officer is organizing the Bechuanaland Protectorate section of the High Commission Territories' display at the 1953 Rhodes Centenary Exhibition in Bulawayo. FINANCIAL Since the last meeting of Council the Treasury accounts have been brought up to date and the monthly Balance sheet is now prepared within 2 months of the end of the month to which it relates. This has been achieved as a result of the Principal Auditor kindly pooling his two audit clerks with the Treasury checking clerks from April to June, 1952, to assist with the checking of vouchers, which had fallen seriously into arrears, owing to resignations of clerical staff during the previous year. A new edition of Financial and Accounting Instructions, which have not been re- printed since 1933, has been drafted and will be issued as soon as possible, with the object of improving the efficiency of the accouting system throughout the Protectorate. The financial position of the Protectorate is shown below:- General Revenue Expenditure Revenue Deficit Balance on 1.4.51 1951/52 Estimated 559,120 505.293 -C 53,827 £247,986 Actual 620,O87 170,043 X149,956 surpus "1 6 13.640 411,5g82 ,576 Excess of C.D. & W. Revenue over Expenditure Depreciation of investments General Revenue Balance on 31.3.52 Expenditure Revenue Deficit 1952/53 Approved Estimates 9 768t889 Revised Estimates 839,100 ,750.810 88$290 Revised Deficit Revised estimate of excess of C.D. & W. revenue over expenditure Revised estimate of General Revenue Balance on 31.3.53. 22,5 1322,950 The/

- 6 - The excess (264,750) of the actual revenue in 1951/52 over the estimated figure was primarily due to an increase of £120,756 in the Subvention paid by Rhodesia Railways, due to their very favourable out-turn in 1950/51. Income tax receipts showed an excess of £69,912, and customs revenue was up by £21,099. Native tax posts and telephones, licences and cattle export tax also accounted for a combined increase of £42,931. The excess expenditure of £60,967 in 1951/52 was mainly due to payment of increased ordinary native tax rebate to tribal treasuries; exceptional payments of retiring gratuities and payment of cost of living allowance to pensioners; increased travelling expenses under "Resident Commissioner" and "Police", expenditure on foot and mouth disease cordons, and unforeseen expenditure on motor vehicle subsidies, which were increased during the year. Rising prices caused excessive expenditure on stationery and printing and indeed created a general demand for supplementary provision under departmental heads, for the purchase of stores and running of motor vehicles, etc. The revised estimate of revenue for 1952/53 exceeds the approved estimate by £51,458 but falls short of the actual figure for 1951/52 £19,233, as the Rhodesia Railways subvention would only amount to £140,000 instead of £195,756 paid in 1951/52. This decrease of £55,756 will, however, be partially offset by increased Customs collections, Forest Revenue, Cattle Export Tax (increased to £1 per head with effect from 3.11.52) and rent from the Colonial Development Corporation who will be paying their 1951/52 and 1952/53 instalments in the current financial year. The revised estimate of expenditure for 1952/53 exceeds the approved estimate by £70,211, mainly on account of expenditure of £34,000 for the Bamangwato Affair (this includes additional Police expenditure as a result of the political crisis in the Serowe District), £15,000 for the purchase of additional stocks of unallocated stores and an extra £5,500 for native tax rebate payable to tribal treasuries, due to increased tax collections. Approval has been sought for further expenditure, which has not been included in the above analysis, amounting to £66,000 during the current financial year for the provision of new wireless equipment for the Police (Z26,000), new motor vehicles to replace worn out ones, which are no longer economical to run (£40,000). The Draft Estimates for 1953/54 have not yet been completed but they will provide for revenue of approximately £783,000 (including the increase in the cattle export tax) and expenditure of £870,000 resulting in an estimated deficit of £87,000 which will reduce the General Revenue Balance to £169,950 after allowing for the items mentioned in paragraph 6 above, by 31.3.54. Since the last meeting of council the following additional Colonial Development and Welfare grants have been approved: D. 1805 Foot & Mouth Disease Control £59,600 D. 1045 A Ghanzi European School 8,450 All/

-7- All schemes at present in operation are in the process of being reviewed and where necessary revised and integrated with each other. GEOLOGICAL Fundamental geological mapping in the Lobatsi area has been continued, and the work will probably be concluded this year. Mapping of this degree of detail and accuracy cannot from its very nature be other than slow and painstaking, but the final result is that the area concerned is known in detail such as cannot be achieved by any other method. The map and accompanying memoir are intended to be published and will have important bearing on practical (particularly water supply) as well as scientific questiona. The knowledge gained during the Survey of the Lobatsi area will also form a basis for a detailed survey of the Kan~e area, which is to be undertken next year. Work is being continued on the investigation of the coal resources of the Territory. It is becoming increasingly clear that coal is likely to prove the major economic mineral asset of the Territory, particularly as the geological system in which coal may occurs covers a large proportion of the area of the Protectorate. The drilling programme in the Palapye area is complete and coals suitable for mining for local use have been disclosed. Drilling is being continued in the country to the north of Palapye and the investigation of a promising area west of Foley Siding will next be undertaken. It is considered that the more northerly parts of the Protectorate are likely to yield coals of higher quality, more nearly approaching Wankie type than those found further south. The drilling of the Protectorate extension of the Waterberg coalfield of the Transvaal, mentioned to the last meeting of Council is postponed in this area, has been obtained. Renewed keen interest in the coals of this Territory has been manifested by Colonial Development Corporation. Copies of a short account of coal possibilities in the Territory can be made available to interested persons. Work in the laboratory has continued apace during the period under review. In addition to the normal routine work providing a service of sample identification for drillers and members of the public, and mineralogical and chemical work related to field work of the Department, laboratory investigations into what may be styled base-material resources have been carried out. Work on glass-sands may be particularly noted. Labo atory investigations have also given pointers to the existence of resources of limestone within the Territory.A re-discovered fluorspar occurrence in the Kanye area has been examined in the field and analytical work in the laboratory is proceeding. It appears to have been in the past, and indeed appears still to be a widely held view that the Protectorate is devoid of mineral resources. The Geological Survey is confident that this view is erroneous. Coal alone seems likely to be a strong economic asset to the Territory; as suggested earlier there may well prove to be a great deal of it. Asbestos is another material of which more than one occurrence is known in Bechuanaland though only on the Moshaneng development has as yet begun to be actively mined. An offer from a commercial/ commercial concern for the Bushman Copper Mine, geophysically surveyed by' a geologist of this Department might, if it could be accepted, bring Government considerable revenue. The obstacle here is the present political situation in the Bamangwato Reserve. Nevertheless, the resources exist, and may one day beprofitably developed. Finally may it be noted that a great deal more work would have been accomplished during the period under review but for an unforseen reduction in Staff to some fifty per cent of its normal strength due to resignations. Mr. E.G. Wayland, C.B.E., proceeded on leave pending retirement on the 1st October. MEDICAL Staff Dr. D.F.T. Moikangoa has been transferred from Serowe to Basutoland and in his place Dr. E.L. Stlamp is being appointed from the United Kingdom. Miss F.M.E. Pepper,MAtron, Serowe, proceeded on overseas leave in April and Miss M.G. Barnes returned from the United Kingdom during August. Miss D.I. McNicol, attached to the Lobatsi Hospital, has resigned to get married. Sister M.L. Lashford left the Service in June and Mrs. K.M.V. Cloete has been appointed in her place. A new post of Housekeeper has been created at the Lobatsi hospital. Hospitals and Dispensaries The Moffat Hospital at Kanye, built with funds from a Colonial Development and Welfare grant and staffed by the United Free Church of Scotland Mission was opened by His Honour the Resident Commissioner on the 13th August, 1952. This hospital provides an additional 17 beds in the densely populated Bangwaketse Reserve. The Medical Missionary in charge will act as District Surgeon to Government, Tuberculosis The number of tuberculosis cases continues to increase. To some extent this is considered due to the larger number of persons to whom medical services are now beirg brought, but the true nature of this increase cannot be determined until the results of the tuberculosis survey now being undertaken in the Territory are known. This survey is expected to last 3 - 4 months and will x-ray approximately 40,000 people. Conferences In July the Director of Medical Services attended the third Commonwealth and Empire and Tuberculosis Conference in London. He represented Basutoland and Swaziland in addition to the Bechuanaland Protectorate and was invited to take part in the discussion on 'Tuberculosis in British Colonial Territories", under the Chairmanship of the Secretary of State for the Colonies. The Director of Medical Services also represented the High Commission Territories at the inter-colonial Conference of Heads of Medical Departments held in Oxford du'ing July/ -8 -

-#9 4i July. It is hoped that all three territories will benefit considerably as the result of representations made to the World Health Organisation for financial and technical assistance in dealing with some of the more acute medical problems in the High Commission Territories. Further details will be issued later. Arrangements are in hand for Dr. B.T. Squires to represent this Government at a nutrition conference to be held in Gambia, West Africa, during the month of November. Malnutrition From all over the Territory reports are coming in of states of malnutrition which are becoming manifest as the result of drought conditions and failure of crops. It is interesting to note that a report from Kanye revealed the striking fact that as the result of the school-feeding scheme very few cases of malnutrition amongst children of schoolgoing age were seen while the water supply was adequate for the needs of the tribal gardens. The cases that were seen were almost entirely from the district. The position has entirely changed since the failure of the Bathoen dam water supply, Mental Home £3,400 are provided in the current Estimates for extensions to the Mental Home at Lobatsi. Plans have been drawn up and building operations are expected to start very soon. Accommodation for an additional 11-12 patients will be provided. The following figures reflect some of the work performed by the Department during 1951:1950 1951 Outpatients: First attendances 91,433 80003 Subsequent attendances 269.684 280,771 Total: 361,117 361,074 Inpatients: 7,444 7,525 Revenue from Hospital and Dispensary fees in 1950 amounted to £4,675.9.3 and in 1951 to Z9,875.17.S. Full details are provided in the 1951 departmental Annual Report which is now with the printers. Numerous postings are due to take place shortly, details of which were given in a circular issued on 1st October, 1952. The appointment of an additional Health Inspector for the Territory will fill a long-needed want. African Sanitary Inspectors have also been posted to Mahalapye and Serowe and will carry out public health measures under the control of the Medical Officers and Health Inspectors. Arrangements have also been made for the African Sanitary Inspectors to receive training in meat inspection at the Lobatsi Abattoir and to apply the knowledge gained in the areas to which they are posted. It is anticipated that Legislation/

- 10 - legislation laying downie standards for partial or total condemnation of carcases will shortly be drawn up. POLICE Early in 1951, with the abatement of the emergencies caused by foot and mouth disease campaigns and by the political situation at Serowe, it became possible for the Force to concentrate fully on normal work for the first tiie since June 1948. Plans were made for the creation of a small criminal investigation section whose function was to deal with serious crime throughout the Territory. The Police Training School was re-opened and it was hoped to better the number of men (48) who attended courses in 1950, but owing to further disturbances in the Ngwato Reserve in July, training was again interrupted and only 20 men attended courses during the year. 2919 Criminal cases were investigated during the year 1951 - an increase of 408 over the figure for 1950. pecial attention was paid to offences under the customs and control of import laws, 21 firms or individuals having been convicted and fined,sums aggregating more than £1,000 between September, 1950, and April, 1951. On the 6th July 1951, a security force was sent to the Ng.wato Reserve to deal with disturbances which occurred in Serowe, Palapye, Mahalapye, Shoshong and Shashane. Assistance was obtained from the B.S.A. Police, Southern Rhodesia, and police activities resulted in the prosecution and conviction of a number of people. A security force has been maintained in the Reserve without a break since July last year, assistance having been obtained from the Basutoland and Swaziland Police Force in March this year. On the 1st June last an outbreak of violence occurred in Serowe as a result of which three African policemen were killed and a number of Administrative Officers and members of the Police Force injured. The B.S.A. Police again came to the assistance of the Bechuanaland Protectorate Police and, save for a minor disturbance at Palapye, order was restored. In addition to the 38 people who were convicted at the last session of the High Court, 17 were convicted by a Subordinate Court at Serowe last month - all for crimes committed during the disturbance on June 1st. Special arrangements are now being made to restore to full strength the depleted police establishments throughout the Territory and it is hoped that it will be possible to start intensive training at the Police Depot in the near future. Statistics of stock theft cases are as follows:1951 Stock thefts investigated 184 Number of convictions 145 Losses re-ported: Bovines 400 Sheep 15 Goats 45 Horses 4 Donkeys 14 Poultry 7 /Animals

- 11 - Animals Recovered: Bovines 247 Sheep 14 Goats 45 Horses 3 Donkeys 12 Poultry 7 PUBLIC WORKS Engineers Conference On the 8th September, 1952, the Director of Public Works and the Assistant Engineer attended the 31st Annual Conference of the South African District of the Institution of Municipal Engineers, which was held in Johannesburg. Some 132 Delegates attended, which included 82 Engineers and 41 Councillors, representing Local, Provincial and Government Authorities throughout South Africa, Southern and Northern Rhodesia. Aerodromes The Witwatersrand Native Labour Association have agreed to clear and place in order the 4 emergency landing strips between Froncistown and Maun, at a cost to Government of £100, the strips being at Mosetse, Nata, Odiakoe and Kanye. The airfield at Ghanzi is in first class condition and the surface leaves nothing to be desired. The airfield at Kazangula is not now used and has been replaced by the field on the NorthernRhodesia side of Kazangula. Work on the maintenance of existing aerodromes and landing grounds has proceeded as heretofore. It was agreed that the present Aerodrome at Maun was inadequate and unsafe for the medium and larger type transport aircraft which the Witwatersrand Native Labour Association propose to use for flying mine labourer recruits from Shakawe. It was generally agreed that the cost of gravelling the new runway to the specifications laid down by the S.A.A.F. representatives was so high as to rule out the work for the present; but some improvement of the new runway may have to be considered. The following progress sincd the last meeting of Council is reported under approved Colonial Development and Welfare Schemes. Drillinp (D.678, 1409 and 1463) Present Location of rigs:Rig No. 1 : Dicawani- 12 miles south of Lobatsi t f 2 : Gaberones Camp " " 3 : Mashi-a-Potsani (Ghanzi Cattle Route) " " 4: Malatsa - 10 miles south of Maapi " " 5 : Marushela (Ghanzi Cattle Route) " " 6 : Debeeti Quarantine Area i " : Mabuli (C.D.C. Molopo Crown Lands) /Footage

- 12 - Footage drilled ...... 6P638 Ft. Total number of boreholes drilled...... 25 Number of successful boreholes...... 15 Footage drill in successful boreholes.... 4,876 Ft. Footage drilled in blank boreholes ...... 1,762 Ft. Water supplies developed in gallons p.h..12,370 g.p-h The Drill Superintendent carried out a reconnaissance of Ghanzi Cattle Route llth August - 10th September,1952. Two rigs have been sited on the route. One at Moroshela 23 miles west of Kue. This bore is now 158 feet deep in chocolate covered quartzite, with no water as yet. The second rig is sited 9 miles west of Kukong on the risin7 ground to the north of Mashi-a-Potsani pan. Depth 130 feet in Kalahari white sand. No water. Sites have been selected on the route as follows:(l Moroshela - 23 miles from Kue (2) Kakia - Water existing (3) Mashi-a-Potsani - 47 miles from Kakia (4) Kachwani - 36 miles from Mashi-a-Potsani (5) Kangyane - 21 miles east of Tsane Thlapin - 91 miles from Kanghane (71 Massering - 106 miles from Kangyane (8 Tachachu - 24 miles from Massering The route to the casual observer and occasional farmer who use it presents few difficulties, as fast transport is mainly used but haulage of drills and equipment with heavy lorries is a different matter. The track, like most in the Kalahari, is straight where hard sand exists, and has little more than short bends in heavy sands; these bends can be negotiated with small vehicles easily, but not with long wheel base trucks. Surface Water Development (D.990) New construction: 7 Stock Dams in the Bakgatla Reserve, developing a grazing area estimated at 420 square miles. Discussions took place on 24th September, 1952, with Senior Technical Officers of the South African and Southern Rhodesia Railways about the necessity of augmenting water supplies on the main line to Bulawayo. Mahalapye Water Works The Mahalapye water works scheme comprises essentially four open pipe drains running across the sand bed of the Mahalapye river. These drain the water from the sand and deliver it to a sump from where it is pumped through a pipe line to reservoirs on the hill. Work is progressing favourably. Two drains have been completed and a third is under construction. The pipe lines to these two drains have also been completed together with pipe line from sump to the reservoir. /The

- 13 - The pumping plant is expected to, arrive towards the end of the year and when installed the scheme will be in operation. Buildings Mr. J.L, Harrison, Architect left Mafeking on Thursday 30th September, 1952! for Swazijand to design new Government buildings, and advise and assist on building matters in general. He will be away for approximately one month. Since the last meeting of Council various buildings sanitation works and lighting installations have been completed and other works begun. Schemes have been prepared for the new Gaberones prison and the teacher training centre at Kanye. African Housing The Director of Public Works accompanied by the Architect visited Witbank and Springs, early in September to examine a Native Township being erected by the Municipal Authorities. An estate of 1,500 houses was visited at Witbank, and another of 2,000 houses at Springs. Details of construction, planning, labour and costs were obtained which have been incorporated in a preliminary report on Government African housing proposed for this Territory. Roads and Bridges Under Colonial Development and Welfare Scheme D.1036, Erection of Bridges, low level bridges have been completed:Macloutsie River Todd's Creek The subsidiary stream south of the Shashi River has also been bridged, and work is in progress on cement and stone causeways over small streams in the Francistown-Seruli area. Complete reconstruction and gravelling of the main road from Francistown, working south, was commenced in May, 1952, and good progress is being made. Work was completed on the road through Molepolole Village, and a short distance towards Thamaga, with the assistance of the Tribe. The main road south of Gaberones, to Mafeking,is under repair and work is proceeding. Most of the bush dragging gangs in the South have been temporarily withdrawn due to lack of grazing. Mechanical Workshops Shortage of skilled and experienced artisans has constituted a serious problem since the last meeting, but the maintenance of established and essential services generally was kept at a reasonably satisfactory level. /In

- 14 - In the past year 37 new boreholes have been completed and installed with either Bezuidenhout animal gear or Lister power plants and Steyn's pump heads. One windmill andfbur hand pumps have been installed. A new maintenance Unit was also put into operation, and is at present serving in the Bamalete area. The Director of Public Works visited Johannesburg recently to examine Seddon diesel vehicles and found them eminently suitable for operation under Protectorate conditions. It is hoped that these vehicles can be adopted as standard for heavy type to be bought in future. Wireless Servicing of the 21 Government stations has been carried out by the Public Works Depqrtment, and work is proceeding on the conversion of the Police Department M.17 Wireless transmitting sets to modern and powerful sets incorporating an additional frequency. An old Collins 45 A transmitter ras modified and installed at Z.N.B. Headquarters. This transmitter radiates on 5.9 megacycles simultaneously with the 8.2 mc transmitter. This arrangement has helped considerably in maintaining communications under adverse conditions which have set in on the 8.2 mc frequency. Control of all radio communications is being taken over by the Police from 1st November, 1952. Waterways The following progress is reported on the Okovango Waterways Survey Colonial Development and Welfare Fund Scheme D.1412. Work is proceeding satisfactorily; Field Work is slightly in advance of expectations and up to the present some 390 miles of levelling has been completed, including a line of checked levels from Maun to Mohembo via Lake Ngamiland and the Taoghe River. River gauging at critical points has been continued through the recent flood season. Soil samples continue to be taken in appropriate areas. Soundings have been taken along the main Okovango and N'gokha rivers across perennial swamps and down the Taoghe rivers to the northern end of the blockage on that river, a total distance of approximately 140 miles. An important feature of the work so far undertaken has been the preparation of the design of machinery for the removal of papyrus blockages in the principal waterways. The manufacture of the machine is nearing completion and it is hoped to bring it into operation towards the end of this year. Surveys The Directorate of Colonial Surveys are sending a field party to the Protectorate to put in ground control over the area photographed in 1951. The party are due to arrive in Mafeking early in November of this year. /Survey

- 15 - Survey - Town Planning A complete survey was made, since last Council Meeting, of the Government Farms Boschwela Tlau and Bon Accord "A", Lobatsi showing:(1) Holding Ranch C.D.C. (2 Cattle Corridor (a) C.D.C. Freehold property (4) Residential plots (5) Other land leased by C.D.C. (6) Industrial plots Survey - Native Reserves The boundary between Bangwaketse Native Reserve and Crown Lands, 10 miles south of Kakia Pan, was defined and 3 beacons placed. Survey - Cordon Fence The Demarcating of the Foot and Mount Cordon Fence was completed and beaconed from the Notwani River to a beacon midway between Lwale Pan and Tsitle via Tuli Block corner and Massamma Kop. VETERINARY Staff difficulties have upset the normal working of the department. One Veterinary Officer, with experience of the country, resigned during May and has not been replaced. Of the three posts authorised in the estimates only one has been filled (Veterinary Officer for Lobatsi Abattoir). Three Livestock Officers have resigned since the beginning of the year and two Stock Inspectors have had to be dismissed. The staff position therefore remains unsatisfactory. On the whole the year has not been very satisfactory for livestock, and latterly conditions have deteriorated alarmingly. As a result, traders have been anxious to offload livestock to importing counties in abnormal numbers. Unfortunately conditions have been equally bad in South 'frica and thus the numbers of cattle offering to abattoirs has been far in excess of the number which could be handled. In July a complete embargo was placed on the importation of small stock into the Union and a limit of 1 000 per week placed on cattle. This was later reduced to 860 per week. -Fortunately Southern Rhodesia is anxious to acquire cattle, and it is to be hoped that the railways will be able to transport the cattle awaiting shipment to the North. Vaccination campaigns have been successfully carried out on the whole, although the public continues to give as Little help as possible in many areas. In the Bangwaketse Reserve free vaccination against Blackquarter and Contagious Abortion was given successfully. Progress in the anti-Foot and Mouth measures Colonial Development and Welfare Scheme D.1805 has been steady. All materials have been ordered or purchased and their delivery is only dependent upon the railways. The Debeete fence is complete with the exception of 35 miles running north west from Lwale Pan up the Bamangwato boundary. Clearing work on either side of this fence to enable vehicles

- 16 - to travel up and down for inspection is still being carried out. This fence has demonstrated on numerous occasions that it can withstand assaults by game. In the early stages it was broken by mobs of game or cattle frequently, but breaks are becoming very much fewer now that the game is getting used to the fence. At Debeete quarantine four excellent boreholes have been sunk, and work is in progress to fit up these holes. A fifth borehole for domestic use has also been sunk. Fencing started in the last week of September and it should not be long before the quarantine will be ready for use. At present only 60 square miles have been acquired for the quarantine. The surveyor is at present working on the Makalamabedi fence line. When this line is completed Kuki quarantine will be laid out, thereafter the central Bamangwato fence can be fixed on the Pround. The Colonial Development Corporation bought about 4,000 head of catte from the Ghanzi district for their Holding Ground. The Ranches did not buy cattle in this country. This fact made it necessary to sell the Ngamiland cattle to Northern Rhodesia w in the past. It is hoped that quarantines will be erected in time for the next season in order to allow Ngamiland cattle to the south. A survey of the Ghanzi cattle route has been carried out and boring operations have started. (See P.W.D. Section)

-17- Are there any papers to be laid on the table? CLERK: The following papers are laid on the table:1. Annexure to the Resident Commissioner's Address. 2. Progress Report. 3. Questions and Answers. 4. Annual Report of the Veterinary Department, 1951. 5. ?1 i " Treasurer, 1951/52. 6. i t " Agricultural Dept. 1951. 7. " " " Public Works Department, 1951. 8. 1 " Police Force, 1950, 9. It " " Medical Department, 1950. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. ACTG. GOVT. SECRETARY. 1. Q. Whether it is correct that Government Officials are not permitted to purchase land in the Territory while in the service? A. Officers are allowed to purchase building plots in townships with the approval of Government provided that Government is satisfied that the officer is making the purchase bona fide for the purpose of building his own house and not for speculative purposes and that he will build as soon as he is financially in a position to do so. With regard to the purchase of agricultural land, it is provided in Colonial Regulations that an officer's remuneration is fixed on the assumption that his whole time- is at the disposal of Government and he is therefore prohibited from engaging in trade or employing himself in any commercial or agricultural undertaking. Provided that due regard is had to this principle and provided that the acquisition of land will not bring an officer's private affairs into real or apparent conflict with official duties he may, with the approval of Government, purchase land. (9710) (Mr. Riley). 2. Q. What has been done in connection with livestock straying backwards and forwards across the Southern-Rhodesia-Bechuanaland Protectorate border? A. As stated in the Progress Report, the High Commissioner is in correspondence with the Government of Southern Rhodesia on this question. His Excellency has suggested that healthy stray animals should be impounded and the owner given an opportunity of claiming them on payment of a fee. Animals found to be suffering from a notifiable disease would be slaughtered. (7545/1) (Mr. Royle). 3. Q. What/

3. Q. What action are Government taking re elephant menace in lower end of the Northern Tuli Block? A. An extensive tour was undertaken by the Director of Agriculture and Mr. Chase during July, 1952. They reported that no significant damage was being done by elephant and those farm owners most anxious to obtain permission to shoot do not wish to have the animals driven from their farms, and are strongly against any shooting by authorised persons or bodies apart from themselves. Damage to pumping equipment could be overcome by trenching. The Director of Agriculture is to make a further tour in the next month or two and Government will then consider what action is required. (5153 III) (Mr. van Gass) 4. Q. Whatprogress,ifany,hasbeenmadewiththe proposed Francistown Town Management Board? A. The draft legislation is still being prepared. (2949 II) (Mr. Royle). 5. Q. If a farmer, on a cash basis of income tax, decides to transfer part of his capital from cattle to a tractor and implements(to enable better farming) and sells cattle to value of double his normal output. is the additional income taxed, seeing it is really capital transferred? A. Yes, in accordance with paragraph 3 of the Second Schedule to Cap 73 of the Laws (as inserted by section 5 of Proclamation No. 66 of 1948) which provides that a farmer who does not take into account the values of livestock and produce "shall be chargeable in each year of assessment in respect of all amounts whatsoever for which livestock or produce have been disposed of by him .... " Whenever a taxpayer sells stock-in-trade the cost of which has already been allowed as a deduction from profits, the amounts received are income of a revenue nature. The manner in which he uses this income, e.g. to purchase the most essential farming requirement or the most extravagant luxury, cannot possibly alter its nature. (2470/28) (Mr. Glover). for 6. Q. (a) Were tenders called for the transportation of fencing material from the line to Kuki and Makalamabedi? (b) Have contracts been concluded for the transportation of the above material? (c) Is there any reason why Ngamiland was excluded from such tenders? A. (a) Tenders for the transportation of fencing materials from Francistown to Kuki have been sent out. For the transportation of material from Palapye to Makalamabedi wide advertisement was given to/

- 19- to this through Veterinary Officers on the line of rail. (b) No Contracts have been concluded for the transportation of materials to Kuki. Two contracts have been concluded for the transportation of material from Palapye to Makalamabedi. (c) Ngamiland has not been excluded from tendering for the transportation of material from Francistown to Kuki. At the time tenders were required for the transportation of material from Palapye to Makalamabedi it was not thought that it would be practical for Ngamiland transporters to move material from Palapye to Makalamabedi. Action has been taken to ensure that Ngamiland carriers have every opportunity to compete for future contracts. (Mr. Riley). 7. Q. Is Ngamiland, on account of its remoteness, at a disadvantage when tenders are called for by Government for the purchase of Government stores? A. It is not Governmentb policy to discriminate against Ngamiland traders in the matter of tenders for purchase of Government Stores. (Mr. Riley). MR. RILEY (CHAIRMAN): We thank you Sir for the very interesting and lengthy Address which will receive a reply later on in this session. If there are no further communications from the Chair I propose that we adjourn until such time as we have completed our discussions in caucus. ACTG. RES. COMMISSIONER: Thank you Mr. Riley. Have you any idea when that is likely to be? MR. RILEY: It is very difficult but could I give you a reply this evening? We did make some progress this morning: we came in and discussed certain items on the agenda and it is possible/

- 20- possible that by this evening we will be able to give you an approximate time when we will reassemble. ACTING RESIDENT COMMISSIONER: Well, if Council adjourns, will you let me know when you are ready to go on? MR. RILEY: I think it is your wish that once we return to Council we will complete the agenda? ACTING RESIDENT COIMMISSIONER: Yes, that is the idea. MR. RILEY: Yes, we will let you know this evening. ACTING RESIDENT COMMIS3IONER: Well Council will adjourn until I hear from you. MR. RILEY: Thank you Sir. Council adjournedat 2.50 p.m. Council resumed at 2.45 p.m. on Wednesday the 5th November, 1952. MR. RILEY: Your Honour, we would like to reply to your Address and then proceed with the Agenda: COUNCIL'S REPLY TO HIS HONOUR'S OPENING ADDRESS. Sir, it is with regret that Council learns of the transfer of Mr. Beetham to Pretoria. Council, however, is convinced that while acting in the capacity of Chief Secretary opportunity will be taken to make recommendations that will further the cause of the Territory. Members warmly welcome to Council Mr. Fincham, whose considerable experience in the Territory should prove useful to Government. To those officers and other ranks referred to in Your Honour's address who received recognition for bravery and loyal service, Council extends its congratulations. Council extends its sympathy to the relatives of those Africans who, in the pursuance of their duty, lost their lives in the unfortunate incident that occurred at Serowe. Regret is also expressed at the loss of an old and respected resident of the Ghanzi District, Mr. Sarel Burger. The grave concern with which Council views the unsatisfactory/

- 21 - unsatisfactory course of events in the Bamangwato Reserve has frequently been expressed to Government. It is sincerely hoped that a genuine endeavour by those concerned will be made to bring to an end a situation that is having serious repercussions throughout the Territory, politically and economically. Council is aware that present Administration has not been helped by ignorant non- official opinion in London. The time has more than come when the Resident Commissioner must be given greater powers to exercise a trained discretion instantly, and not at too late a date have to implement a policy formulated by unrealistic misunderstanding of the local situation. This Territory is today self-supporting and is no longer prepared to have its natural development held up by perpetual misunderstanding. The amelioration of the terms of service of many Government Officers is vitally necessary if their services are not to be lost to the Territory. We pay the bill and feel that we must be allowed to call the tune. It is not without significance that Her Majesty's Government should concern itself with seeking new areas for development and that the potentialities of the Territory in regard to cattle raising and agriculture are at long last being recognised is encouraging to the inhabitants. Council will follow with much interest the activities of the mission presently surveying the Western Kalahari under the Chairmanship of Mr. A. Gaitskell accompanied by Dr. Pickrell, Mr. B. Currie and Colonel van der Post, the two latter having been members of the extensive Colonial Development Corporation Survey, cannot be oblivious to the possibilities for expansion. We wis the commission a successful and pleasant trip. It is encouraging to the inhabitants of the Territory to learn that there is a possibility of there being considered in future development of cattle ranching in the more remote areas which Government contemplate now opening up. Finance: The healthy reflection in your financial review indicates the satisfactory position of the Territory's economy. The increased revenue demands a realistic but cautious progressive policy being pursued. Council urges care by all Heads of Departments to avoid unnecessary and wasteful expenditure at the same time adequate provision being made for essential services. Council would record its opinion that, where possible, emoluments of Administrative Officers be raised to a level that would attract and retain the services of officials and so discourage to a great extent the desire on their part for transfer to other Colonial Dependencies that offer more favourable conditions in more attractive environs. This would obviate to some degree delays in progressive development brought about by frequent changes of officials. Council would stress that if it is indeed the desire of Her Majesty's Government to increase the number of cattle produced in the Territory, this is far more likely to be accomplished by local inhabitants, familiar with local conditions, activated by the personal profit motive rather than by any extension of Corporation management. Council/

- 22 - Council is well aware of the poor agricultural practices of the Territory and would welcome and wholeheartedly support measures designed to improve the level of production to protect the soil and re-establish fertility in ruined land and increase food supplies to the African. It is gratifying to read that the report of the mineral resources of the Territory is at last showing hopeful prospects for profitable mining of asbestos, copper and coal. Council trusts this development will receive any possible priority. Council views with satisfaction the progress made in constructing bridges and the improvements made to the main trunk road in the Northern Protectorate, and trusts this progress will be maintained. Council welcomes the Veterinary Department's active and co-operative approach to the various livestock problems of the country. A strong and active Veterinary Department is the whole foundation of a solvent and sound Protectorate. Government must exercise all care that development of this department is kept up by the expansion of the livestock industry. In 1952/1953 the department cost 31% of the livestock products exported, a small amount which might well be increased to 5% and will be below the cost of similar services elsewhere. To other departments of Government Council extends appreciation for their continued endeavour to carry out the functions and duties with which they are entrusted. Council is well aware that this had often been done by sacrifice of leisure and greater devotion to duty than would normally be expected. ACTING RESIDENT COMMISSIONER: Thank you Mr. Riley. I would like, perhaps later during the session, to make one or two remarks about one or two of the things you have said in your reply, but I think we might leave that now and proceed with the ordinary agenda. What would you like to take next? MR. RILEY: Your Honour, we have a matter of immediate urgency which we would like you to accept at short notice. It is a motion that has been introduced by Mr. England: "That Government immediately takes steps to get an emergency-bone meal quota from the Union of South Africa.' I hand that in Sir. ACTING RESIDENT COMMISSIONER: Yes, I accept that. MR. ENGLAND: I propose accordingly. The Protectorate today has/

- 23 - has a quota of 360 tons of bone meal per annum, notwithstanding the fact that we exported in the last period 1250 tons of dead bone and I don't think Mr. Roe has yet worked it out but something like 4500 tons of bone is exported in live cattle. I don't think we have exported less than 2,000 tons of bones to the Union and we would not be unreasonable if we expected to get a thousand tons of bone meal back. It is well known that we are in this western section of Africa where bone meal is an essential part of our stock farming operations. Several farmers in the last couple of months have appealed to me to do something about increasing the possibilities of obtaining bone meal. In consultation with Mr. Roe, we have advised such applicants to contact their local veterinary officer who would give them a certificate that their cattle in fact were suffering from a want of bone meal and one would have thought that when they made that application to the Controller of bone meal at Mahalapye, steps would have been taken without the necessity for this application to ensure that there was a supply of bone meal. I have today been approached by a big local cattle rancher on behalf of all the people west of Iobatsi that cattle are dying there in numbers for want of bone meal and I ask that government makes an urgent appeal - I think it will have to be made at the highest levels - to allow us a far greater quota: I leave Mr. Roe to mention the figure, possibly 250 tons of bone meal which is what we need now, I don't know just how much we should get and I suggest Mr. Roe would be in a better position to make representations for next year, to assist Mr. Bosman in framing a suitable application. But the position is most serious and the cattle and the farmers need this bone meal now. MR. VAN GASS: I have pleasure in seconding this motion Your Honour. This bone meal is very necessary for the betterment of our farming, to give the animals the necessary forcing which they require, especially in time of drought when there is not enough green stuff for them and it also enables the cattle to have enough strength left to fight the drought when it comes along, as it helps to stimulate and build up the animal and in time of hardship helps him in a better way than if he had not received it. As it happens now, some of us write in for certificates for bone meal and it happens that sometimes up to six months we have to wait for these certificates and I should very much like to support the motion and ask the Government to take steps to enable more bone meal to be allocated to the Territory. ACTING RESIDENT COMISSIONER: Mr. Bosman, can you tell us what the difficulty has been. DIRECTOR OF AGRICULTURE: Your Honour and members of Council, I would like to point out that the requirements of this Territory have already been stressed. The allocation which we are receiving at the moment is 120 tons per annum. We have put up the case for the Protectorate and we have pointed out the amount of bone meal that the Union get from us. The reply is that the bones are bought from us and that the Union requires the bone meal more/

- 21+ - more than we do and they are taking into consideration the fact that the allocation for the first quarter of the year was not taken up and it makes it rather difficult to argue against the case made by the Union and I suggest that the matter be approached at a higher level as we have approached the Union Controller without success. ACTING. RESIDENT COMMISSIONER: On behalf of Government I say we will take immediate steps to approach the High Commissioner and ask him to see the necessary Minister in the Union to secure perhaps a couple of hundred tons straight away. MR. ENGLAND: Your Honour, if I might make an explanation on Mr. Roe's submission that the quota was not taken up in the early part of the year, many years ago the same thing happened and then it was customary for government to take up that quota and pay for it and leave it so as not to lose it. If the Union is insistent on our taking up our quota, I suggest it is not a vast expenditure for government to pursue that course again. ACTING.RESIDENT COMMISSIONER: I take it that Council is unanimous and we will do what we can straight away. MR. RILEY: There is another one in Mr. England's name, No. 26. PRICE MARGIN ON GRAIN AND GRAIN PRODUCTS. MR. ENGLAND: I'move:"That the price margin on grain and grain products be reviewed and that Government should allow to traders an economic margin." The existing margins in dealing with these products of maize, maize meal, kaffir corn and wheat and meal, were arrived at many years ago when the commodities were roughly half the price that they are now. I am aware that that does not apply strictly correctly to wheat meal, but maize meal and kaffir corn were roughly half what they are now. At that time a distribution margin of 5/- per bag irrespective of purchase price and the distance on railage was agreed upon as being equitab-le. There is a very considerable rise in the price of these commodities and the delays in obtaining them after they had been paid for, (I think you are aware that in dealing with these commodities one has to pay for them at their town of departure at the time they are consigned, although they may take as much as seven weeks to reach us these days). The margin on grain and grain products was always agreed to be a very low one, so that the price of foodstuffs could be kept as low to the consumers as possible, and traders were expected to make it up on some of the more what might be termed ?luxury" lines. Today there is this excessive/

- 25 - excessive delay in obtaining supplies interest rates on money are higher than they were, and there is a most unfortunate factor of there being no great sale of goods taking place on which to obtain a profit to overcome the losses which may be made on the grain. Now Sir, those losses can be very real: if one does not have to distribute the bulky corn or meal one can dismiss a lot of one's staff when there is little other bhusiness, and it is no exaggeration to say that one might have to pay out L30 a month to distribute say 1,000 lbs. of meal and the small margin becomes completely unworkable if you add to that the handling losses - if a bag of mealie meal at 15/-' falls apart, it is not nearly as heavy a loss as when it costs 50/-. If a bag of kaffir corn gets spilt and mixed with coal dust at a siding you can say it is completely lost. We have had the help of discussions with Mr. Bosman in caucus and I think we are agreed that if the existing margin, instead of being on a flat monetary rate, could be placed on a basis of 12J%, it would be satisfactory. Council at first thought of producing two rates - one for goods sold in the unbroken bag, the full bag and a higher rate for the small quantities, 1/- worth and so on, but the Controller seems to think it would make control very difficult to do that and Council therefore are quite prepared to accept the proposal for a distribution rate of 12J% on landed cost. I don't think there are any other points for the moment, but this is a most urgent matter Sir: there are many traders who are dependant upon the decision of government at the present moment as to whether they can afford to go on stocking mealie meal and corn or whether they have got to cease; that is why we are asking you to treat the matter as urgent Sir. MR. McLAGGAN: I would like to second that motion. I am in complete agreement with what Mr. England has just said and I should like to urge that government gives this matter immediate attention. It may be thought that this is an endeavour by distributors to enrich themselves at the expense of the empty bellies of the Protectorate but I can assure Your Honour that it is not so. What is wanted is a margin that will give the customer and the distributor a fair deal. I am well aware of and in sympathy with government's desire that basic foodstuffs should be sold at the lowest possible price, but I also ask that government sympathise with the distributor. The percentage margin which has been suggested should help him out of that difficulty. It seems to me that when this price was fixed, insufficient thought was given as to what would occur. With these foodstuffs the price has risen considerably, just about double, the cost of distribution has risen, but the profit margin has halved and you cannot lose one pound of mealie meal today without losing on the whole consignment. You require more capital to sell the same grain and if you are one of those fortunate people who can get an overdraft you have to pay interest on your money. These are abnormal times and it is an abnormal situation altogether. Laws have been fairly and justly made to protect the consumer from exploitation but they tend today to force the distributor to operate either on an uneconomic margin or not at all, Rains I hear have fallen generally throughout the Territory and if advantage is taken of these the physical aspect/

- 26 - aspect of the problem will be solved in a few months. The economic problem however still remains and it should be remembered that the distributor has to stand or fall on the economics of the situation. If he has to operate on an uneconomic basis I should imagine that our worthy collector of income tax is one person who would display a keen interest and searching curiosity into the affairs of distributors. I believe that a percentage basis is the only rational way to deal with this situation in a manner which will help the distributor in our territory without inflicting a hardship on the consumer. ACTING RESIDENT COMMISSIONER: Anybody else like to say something? MR. RILEY: Your Honour, there is a great deal in what the mover of this motion has had to say: financial conditions today are not what they were a few months ago, the banks have considerably tightened up on all facilities. Normally, one could almost operate a business on goods supplied by merchants who were prepared to give extended credit, 60 days or 120 days, and I know in some instances where it used to go into years by the purchaser paying just a small interest on the outstanding account; but today things are very different, the money market has considerably tightened up and I feel that the points made by the previous speakers are worthy of government's consideration. ACTING RESIDENT COMMISSIONER: I have had the benefit of discussions with Mr. Bosman and with Mr. Latimer and so I don't think it is necessary to call upon Mr. Bosman to say anything at the moment. I appreciate the fact that members realise how important it is to keep down the price of foodstuffs and not to take advantage of a bad year to get a larger profit than would be possible when there is no shortage of food. I think the suggestion of 12J% on landed cost is very fair, provided we can agree on the landed cost. I think members will agree with me that we don't want to have a situation where grain can be passed from hand to hand and the 12J% put on until it has passed through three or four hands in the same market and that increased cost be passed on to the consumer. If you will agree, Mr. Riley, I think we might go into committee to get that point cleared up. MR. RILEY: I second that Sir. Council went into committee at 3.10 p.m. Council resumed at 3.40 p.m. ACTING RESIDENT COMMISSIONER: Is there anything you would like to say in reply? MR./

- 27 - MR. ENGLAND: I think I have stated a logical case on paper and that all that is left is for Your Honour to give us your reply. ACTING RESIDENT COMMISSIONER: Well you would like to put it to the vote? MR. ENGLAND: I would certainly like to put it to the vote. I move Sir. Passed unanimously. ACTING RESIDENT COMMISSIONER: Gentlemen, we will accept this suggestion that there should be a 121% margin on landed cost by importers who themselves retail that 10% should be allowed to wholesalers who sell to holders of General Dealers' Licences, that those holders of General Dealers' Licences who buy from wholesalers shall be allowed a further 10% and that is the limit on it. There can be no further transaction in that same grain; we will try this for an experimental period of six months or rather up until June next year, and then in the light of our experience we may have to modify it or let it be. MR. ENGLAND: I thank you Sir. I am sure that that will satisfy people. ACTING RESIDENT COMMISSIONER: I just add that the Grain Control Regulations are published in a High Commissioner's Notice and we will prepare the necessary legislation and send it off as soon as possible. MR. RILEY: May I suggest that we adjourn for tea? ACTING RESIDENT COMMISSIONER: Yes certainly. Council adjourned at 3.45 p.m. Council resumed at 4 p.m. MR. RILEY: Can we take No. 1. Sir? In Government's name. ACTING RESIDENT COMMISSIONER: Yes. INCREASE/

- 28 - INCREASE OF ARMS LICENCE FEES. ACTING GOVERNMENT SECRETARY: Your Honour, the present position is the same as in the Union and in Southern Rhodesia andthe proposal which Government puts forward now is that it should be revised somewhat on the lines which are in force in East Africa and probably other territories as well, that is that instead of having a weapon licence once and for all there should be a system of annual renewal, just as there is for cars, radios and various other things. The reasons for this are firstly to ensure better control: I think the police would strongly support this and secondly to raise additional revenue. I don't think that the suggestion requires very much more explanation at this stage and I would ask if members of Council would express their views. MR. RILEY: Your Honour, I cannot say that I can support this motion of Government. The little revenue that it is Poing to bring to Government will not make a great deal of difference. The check on the firearms in the territory you have already: anyone who introduces a firearm for the first time has to register it on payment of 5/-, whether he has one or six, each one has to be registered in turn for the same fee and I think we are making a fair contribution all round when it comes to the raising of revenue. We pay today in some reserves an additional licence to cover us to carry on to shoot small game. Today a resident has to pay £1 in addition to which he is obliged to pay the Native Authority 10/-. Therefore if a man has what I think is quite reasonable, one of each type of gun, i.e. a small one, a shot gun and a rifle - possible four in all - it is going to cost £4 or £5 a year just for a little pleasure that he may have. There are not many other amenities offered in the Territory and I fail to see why we should have something of this nature thrust at us. I do agree that there should be a very strict control on the introduction of firearms into the Territory. I think I am correct in saying that all Africans have to register their rifles today. They in their turn, if they require their yearly quota of ammunition, have to pay 5/- and produce a certificate before the permit is granted. I don't think that I would be doing the right thing in supporting this measure. ACTING RESIDENT COMMISSIONER: May I just say on a point of explanation that any increase of revenue is a secondary consideration. These fees were put down and were only suggested and we are by no means bound to them and it is really to secure more efficient control that the proposal has been put forward. MR. GLOVER: Your Honour, I am opposed to any measure of an irritating type such as suggesting extra or unnecessary control of arms at this time of unrest in the Territory. The present permit to purchase ammunition, costing 5/- for an annual supply could be used to obtain any additional information as to arms held/

- 29 - held in the country if required, but for all the increased revenue likely to be obtained it is not worth the risk of causing more distrust. As for the importation of new arms, well the Police may suggest some other measure but that is how I feel about it at the moment. MR. RILEY: I see we have overlooked a seconder for the motion, I take it it is seconded by Government members? DIRECTOR OF VETERINARY SERVICES: Your Honour, I second the motion. I feel that to impose an annual licence in this country is a very wise measure. By law you can dispose of a gun just as you please. I do not know whether you have to get a transfer permit or licence, but if there is no such transfer of permit then on the original licence being taken out the gun may go from hand to hand and at the end of five years you might not know who it belongs to at all. MR. RILEY: May we go into committee? ACTING RESIDENT COMMISSIONER: Yes. Council went into committee at 4.10 p.m. Council resumed at 4.11 p.m. MR. ENGLAND: Your Honour, I would like to move an amendment: That this be considered on a suitable day 12 months' hence. My reason for saying that is that we spent a lot of time on this item in caucus and I think there is a considerable feeling at the moment that in the present state of the country, no matter how necessary and wise it will be it may be considered by some to be an ill-considered measure by Government. The principle I think the Council accepts if it is a non-taxingmeasure. I see no reason why the registration fee should be so high, probably 1/- or 276d. would be more appropriate but I think there is a lot to be said for considering this measure when our African affairs are a little less troubled, unless there is anv other reason. If that is so, I think Council might be prepared to accept it on a lower basis. MR. McLAGGAN: Your Honour, I second Mr. England's motion. ACTING RESIDENT COMMISSIONER: We put the amendment to the vote. Those in favour of the amendment? Carried/

- 30 - Carried by a majority vote. ACTING RESIDENT COMMISSIONER: We accept the amendment. There is no immediate urgency about this and possibly by the time Council comes to consider it again we may have revised our ideas and be able to suggest a modified plan of control. MR. RILEY: No. 2 Sir. RHODESIA RAILWAYS - ACCOPMODATION AT GABERONES STATION. MR. GLOVER: There has been a misapprehension about this motion, but I certainly think it is as well that I make the statement which I had in mind. The motion was:"That the Rhodesia Railways be asked to provide more accommodation for the public at Gaberones Station." Sir, I believe the financial turnover at this station is £2,000 monthlv, and this business has to be transacted by European and African public in a space of five or six feet - which might be considered adequate were it not for the necessitv to use this space for a large weighing scale and trunks, suitcases, bundles of blankets, pockets of oranges, boxes of vegetables, packages of meat, and other parcels, till the actual foot space is often reduced to room only sufficient for one person to get within a yard of a counter piled with papers. No blame can be accorded the station staff for their side the counter is generally still more piled up with mailbags and parcels, leaving only bare room for the clerk to reach the counter, and this in a small office that has to accommodate the foreman, clerk, telegraphist and checker, the various instruments and other equipment. This shortage of space is by reason of the fact that a station office is occupied by the Post Office, and this 'inconvenience must remain until the Administration get round to building a Post Office at Gaberones Station, a building so long overdue that the public realise their European Advisory Council representative is quite unable to cope with the indifference of an absentee bureaucracy of which only one Secretariat Department appears to take interest in the tax-paying community. Trade and transport has increased till some ninety percent of railed goods must be off-loaded in the dust, and at times mud, of the way-side of the Great North Road that passes by unfenced. This increase of general business of the country is reflected in continually increased building of houses for officials, and of offices, which not unnaturally exacerbates tax payers when the building of a necessary Post Office for them can be casually held up indefinitely. Sir/

- 31 - Sir, only last night I was informed that the new Post Office for Gaberones will be rebuilt at the station. If I may digress for a moment at this point, Sir, it would be to repeat what Council has put forward many times that reasonable requests by Council should receive attention without the long, and seemingly unnecessary, delays that run into years causing a feeling of frustration and uselessness of Council. Sir, I have represented the Gaberones constituency for a long time, and about all I have succeeded in obtaining for the district is a few miles of important road to the Transvaal border, and a few roadmotor grids, but the years it took to accomplish this humble effort! Admitted, six of these years were war years, but it still goes to confirm the belief that the bare fact of a European Advisory Council member venturing to ask for the spending of a small sum to benefit the taxpayers must be curbed by years and years of dilly-dallying to bring the ambitious member to a proper appreciation of his plebeian position, and I doubt if these small improvements would yet have been accomplished had I not made direct appeal to Sir Evelyn Baring, then High Commissioner, when visiting Gaberones, after which the weighty difficulties evaporated. Ohl I also succeeded in preventing a perpetual inconvenience being perpetrated by a transient Public Works Department road engineer with a by-pass complex, who wanted the North-South road to by-pass both the camp and station midway! Even so, this is not much to my credit after twenty six years of advisory service, and new blood is indicated to implement the strong impression that the taxpayer, through his representative, should have more say in spending the revenue collected locally by a Council, decidedly more executive and less advisory than this one. ACTING RESIDENT COMMISSIONER: Mr. Glover, forgive me, the motion said the Rhodesia Railways. MR. GLOVER: If you will pardon the digression Sir, the pressing demand of the moment is for more space for the public at Gaberones Station. As we now know, a new Post Office will, we hope, soon be built at the station - the need for the motion falls away and it can, with your permission Sir, be withdrawn. MR. ENGLAND: Do I speak to it or is it withdrawn? ACTING RESIDENT COMMISSIONER: It is withdrawn. MR. RILEY: No. 3. IMPROVEMENT/

- 32 - IMPROVEMENT IN POSTAL SERVICE. The motion is in my name and, in the light of discussions that took place in committee and the information we received from the Government Secretary, I would ask your permission to withdraw this motion. ACTING RESIDENT COMISSIONER: Certainly Mr. Riley. MR. RILEY: No. 4 Sir. POSTAL CONTROL. MR. ENGLAND: Your Honour and members of Council: we had considerable help from the Government Secretary when considering this particular motion in caucus. It therefore is not necessary to say very much now. It will be remembered at previous meetings of Council that Council stressed that Government should appoint its own local postal control. I gather that Government has now made a considerable investigation into the postal set up, including the telephone and telegraph system and that it is likely perhaps within twelve months to come forward with some proposals that this Territory should take over the control of those services, but I would like to stress that even when that day comes, and possibly the Government Secretary becomes Postmaster General, he will need a deputy to do the work and I think that we should persist with our idea of selecting the most able of our postal officials for training as a Postal Superintendent, who can go round and check the work of the local offices and guide those who need guiding and check those who need checking, of whom I can assure you there are very many in both categories. I am going to move that Government be requested to finalise the arrangements for providing local administration of postal control. MR. GLOVER: I second that Your Honour and I must say that I appreciate what Mr. England has said as regards our oldest postal official. I sincerely hope he will be given the opportunity to be trained as a Postal Superintendent. ACTING GOVERNMENT SECRETARY: Your Honour, the question of improving local control of postal affairs is connected or has now become connected with the question of obtaining control of the telegraph and telephone system which is down as the next item on the agenda. If, as we hope may happen, we find ourselves able to take over the telegraph and telephone lines at present owned and operated by the Southern Rhodesian Government or Rhodesia Railways, we could conveniently include them in one postal system but even if we are not able to take over these telegraph and telephone lines, we do realise that there is room/

- 33 - room for improvement in the postal services which are the services in which we now have a certain amount of say. According to the terms of the Proclamation which covers the services it is the Postmaster General of the Union who exercises control but he does so in very close consultation with us and therefore we do have in postal matters a certain amount of influence; we have this matter under consideration and we hope that we will be able to see some progress during the next twelve months. ACTING RESIDENT COMMISSIONER: Those in favour of the motion? Carried unanimously. ACTING RESIDENT COMMISSIONER: Gentlemen: Mr. Latimer has explained the position and we realise the need for more efficient control and closer and more intimate control, from the Bechuanaland Protectorate Government point of view, in postal matters. MR. RILEY: No. 5 Sir. ACQUISITION OF TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE SYSTEMS FROM SOUTHERN RHODESIA GOVERNMENT. MR. ROYLE: Your Honour, Gentlemen: I wish to move:"That Government considers the advisability of acquiring the Telegraph and Telephone systems from the Southern Rhodesia Government." This was brought about by us in the north, gradually beginning to realise that the Southern Rhodesian Government does not want anything to do with our telegraphs and telephone systems, the reason being that they have quite enough work of their own apart from getting the necessary materials. It was rather brought to a head, as you may be aware, when we desired to get a telephone from the aerodrome - which has developed very considerably recently - to the station. I think that everyone realises that quick communication goes hand in glove with aerial services. We now as you know, have three big planes there arriving daily, Dakotas which go up to Nyasaland and they have a hangar there and a staff, and I have noticed an increasing number of lighter planes arriving and departing there, so one would have thought that that could have been done, but apparently it could not. Government has explained to us very carefully what they have been doing in the matter and in addition Mr. Latimer has gone very deeply into it and it has not been neglected in any way and in fact many of us did not know that he had to delve into all sorts of past records which no one knew about but we do realise that the matter is being attended to and f would like permission to withdraw the motion. ACTING/

- 34 - ACTING RESIDENT COMMISSIONER: Yes Mr. Royle. MR. RILEY: No. 6 Sir. PUBLIC HOLIDAYS. MR. ROYLE: Your Honour and Gentlemen, the next item which I have is that:"In view of the long interval between the June holiday and the first Monday in October, the first Monday in August be declared a permanent public holiday." This has been brought about at the instance of the Chamber of Commerce because there is a long interval and it is a fairly trying time in October and it is thought that it would not be out of the way if we made and declared the old August Bank Holiday as a permanent public holiday, not just for a year but for all time or as long as Government might think fit. MR. McLAGGAN: I second that motion Your Honour. MR. ROYLE: May I add Your Honour, I should have said that I approached our District Commissioner on the matter and I understand this could only be brought about by permission of the High Commissioner. ACTING RESIDENT COMMISSIONER: Gentlemen: I cannot see from our point of view any objection to this. As Mr. Latimer has pointed out, it is a matter for the High Commissioner and he legislates for the three Territories in the matter of public holidays, but I will forward Council's recommendation together with my support. MR. ROYLE: Thank you Sir. MR. RILEY: No. 7 Sir. PUBLIC HOLIDAY - 27TH DECEMBER, 1952. MR. ROYLE: I don't think this requires much explanation. I think the motion itself explains the whole thing:

"That as Christmas Day falls on a Thursday this year, Saturday the 27th December, 1952, be declared a Public Holiday." I think that it is hardly necessary for me to enlarge on it, the reason is pretty obvious, that it gives people a chance to get away for four days instead of coming back for half a day. In most cases nothing would be done, what with the after effects of Christmas Day and Boxing Day. MR. McLAGGAN: I second that motion. MR. RILEY: Mav we go into committee? Council went into committee at 4.35 p.m. Resumed in Council at 4.36 p.m. ACTING RESIDENT COMMISSIONER: Well gentlemen, I think, basically, it is unsound to declare public holidays just to meet an accident of the calendar as it were. There is no law in the Territory similar to what exists in other places, that you must keep your business open on a certain day, and certainly in this case .I don't think anybody would object if people liked to close their business to let their staff have that long weekend which would then be possible. MR. ROYLE: You will notice that we just declare that one half day and at the same time it is not very desirable to have some people in the village doing business and others not. It is much better I think to have a definite understanding that they all close on that day when it is an accident of the calendar. It is true it is just a half day and I don't know when it will occur again but I am simply asking this again at the instance of the Chamber of Commerce, to have it declared a public holiday. ACTING RESIDENT COMMISSIONER: I put the motion to the vote: those in favour? Carried unanimously. ACTING RESIDENT COMMISSIONER: Well gentlemen, I have to express my preliminary views on this: I dontt honestly think it is a very good idea. I will think about it again and let you know in good time what the position is. MR. RILEY: No. 8 Sir. AMENDMENT/ - 35 -

- 36 - AMENDMENT OF BRITISH SOUTH AFRICA LAND PROCLAMATION (CA? 92) MR, McLAGGAN: Your Honour, with your permission, Mr. van Gass is troubled with his eves, may I read his notes? ACTING RESIDENT COMMISSIONER: Yes. MR. VAN GASS: Your Honour and gentlemen: when the Northern Tuli Block was thrown open for settlement in 1942, we settlers bought ground from and were told by the late Capt. C.W. Martin of the B.S.A. Agency that the Lobatsi, Gaberones and Tuli Blocks were especially reserved for European settlement only and no African was allowed to own land in the block: now it appears it is not so. On receiving a letter from Mr. C. Vermaas, complaining that a certain Messrs. Roos and van Heerden of Pietersburg bought the farm "Loensa la Moridi" in the Tuli Block, of which he resold 3,000 morgen to certain Pietersburg natives and there are already 29 families and mentioning that he referred the matter to his Solicitors, Messrs. Fraenkel & Gericke, and received the following answer:(Mr. McLaggan reads) "TULI BLOCK FARMS - SALE TO NATIVES" "We thank you for your letter of the 24th instant and checked up on the Title Deeds of "Loensa la Moridi". We went back to previous Titles and find that there is no restrictive condition in so far as alienation to a native is concerned in this particular Title Deed." "From what we can make out, early grants by the B.S.A. Company always contained this restrictive condition but after the passing of Proclamation 13 of 1905, the condition was frequently omitted, if not totally. This Proclamation confirmed the ownership of the B.S.A. Company in regard to the Tuli Block but added a section allowing the Company to issue Deeds of Grant for portions of the Tuli Block on such conditions as were approved of by the High Commissioner which possibly accounts for the omission of this condition in subsequent Deeds of Grant." "As a point of interest, we noticed that on an old Title Deed of your farm "Rivenhill", there appears an endorsement deleting this restrictive condition by order of the Resident Commissioner's Court." "It may be worth while for yourself and your neighbours to take up the matter administratively in so far as "Loensa la Moridi" is concerned although just on the face of it we doubt very much whether/

- 37 - "whether the Administration will interfere." MR. VAN GASS (Continuing): On receiving this letter we looked up the Proclamation No. 13/1905 and to our astonishment in paragraph 3 we read that the land can be transferred to anyone with approval of the High Commissioner. I understand that on some of the old title deeds there was a clause prohibiting the sale to Africans but that it was deleted by Proclamation No. 13/1905. I wrote to our Resident Commissioner for information and received the following letter:(Mr. McLaggan reads) "I am directed to acknowledge receipt of your letter of the 2nd October, reading:"LOENSA LA MORIDI" it I am directed to acknowledge the receipt of your letter dated 16th August, 1952, and have to inform you that the Registrar of Deeds states that he has examined all the Deeds of Transfer in respect of the above-mentioned farm and has found no restrictive clause therein. He further states that there is no record of any sale by Messrs. Roos and van Heerden. f" Proclamation No. 9/1931 merely deleted the words 1hnd by such person" which had formerily been inserted between the words "form" and "as" in line 5 of Section 2." MR. VAN GASS (Continuing): Sir, on receiving this letter saying that the Africans have not yet received transfer, we feel that there are over 250,000 square miles of native reserves for them to settle in, why should they be allowed to encroach on the small European settlements? If there is a necessity for them to own private land, could Government not provide African settlements on some of the Crown Lands it possesses or in reserves? In view of the fact that no Europeans can acquire land in the native reserves, it seems unfair to allow Africans to acquire land in the European settlements. I therefore move the following motion:"That line 2 of Section 3 of the British South Africa Land Proclamation (Cap 92) be amended by the insertion of the words 'to Europeans only' between the words 'thereof' and 'for"'. MR. GLOVER: Your Honour, I will second that motion and in doing so I am very conscious of the fact that it may be considered racial interference with native rights, but in saying that I also have to say that I experienced a similar difficulty many years ago - it can be read in the minutes of the 17th and 18th Sessions - uhen the Batlokwa Reserve was formed within the Gaberones settlement. I also took action when a neighbour/

- 38 - neighbour of mine tried or wished to sell a farm adjoining mine to natives. Your Honour my approach to this question is not apartheid - I am not quite'sure what that means - but anyway what we understand it to mean, if one wishes to keep away from natives why come to the Bechuanaland Protectorate? Why buy a farm that adjoins a native reserve? My farm has a native reserve on the east and one on the west, one farm to the north and another native reserve, so it was not on those lines that I took objection to natives or more natives being brought in. Sir, if we look back into history 100 years and 75 years ago, the position in "Darkest Africa" was what we all know and it is hardly worth while going into the slavery and witchcraft, the raiding and difficulties and troubles of those times. However, when the white man cane into the country he brought justice - I don's say 100% or that all white men were 100% good, far from it - but on balance there is a very considerable percentage to the good. The white man brought with him technology, his railways, his mines, and he brought his justice, the creation of employment for natives, he brought his schools, education, medical and veterinary knowledge. For some reason or other in the early days the Bechuanaland Protectorate was not considered a right and proper place for a European settlement, but it so happened that certain small settlements came into the market: only a little over 7,000 square miles of country against 275,000 square miles, so the percentage is very small, and I maintain that the European in this country, with all the good that the white man brings, is to the advantage of the African in many ways. The white men are few and the farmers for many years were the only means of learning or teaching the Africans improved farming methods and giving them employment and those few farmers do more good to the African people in the country than the little bit of land they sit on would be if it went back to the Africans. Remove the white man from Africa and Africa goes back to the law of the jungle. I myself brought up a motion asking that a law be made that no European be allowed to dispose, sell or in any way alienate fixed property to a non-European. The native is disciplined inasmuch as he is not allowed to sell his land - if he did he would soon have nothing to live on - and that is the discipline by law. The Asiatic comes in and buys property but you never see Asiatics sell fixed property to the European, he disciplines himself for the benefit of his own people and he sells to none other but an Asiatic, and I say the white man must also be disciplined to the fact that he can only sell fixed property to another white man. There would be very little trouble in South Africa in comparison with what there is now if this were so. It is greed, it is the opportunity of getting just a few more pounds from an Asiatic instead of from a brother white man that has caused so much of this trouble and I support this motion because I say that the white man should be protected, in fact I go much further and I would put discipline on the white man to make him protect himself from being swamped out. ACTING RESIDENT COMISSIONER: Anybody else like to speak? MR. VAN GASS: As no other debate is taking place, apart from what/

- 39 - what I have said, if it was transferred to these Africans and they overcrowd that land, I think it won't be long before they ask the Government for assistance to attend to the soil erosion and what not, but I think I have put the position as plain as I could. You have the law, I don't think it is necessary to read that portion of it and I think the Government will view the matter in a sincere manner and I don't wish at this stage to take a vote on the matter. ACTING RESIDENT COMMISSIONER: Well I think Mr. van Gass you just want us to know your views without knowing whether or not Council agrees with you? The position is, with one or two exceptions, that there are no restrictions on the title deeds of the Tuli Block farms against alienation to Africans, Asiatics or anybody else. As stated in one of the letters you read out, restrictive conditions did exist on title deeds of some farms and we have found in the early records quite a spate of early applications by people in the Tuli Block to have those restrictive clauses struck out. I don't think they were sold to Africans or Asiatics but the settlers of the farms at that time felt that they wanted to be free to sell those farms to whoever they wanted to do so, regardless of nationality, colour or anything else. Mr. Glover mentioned in his speech that he had brought this matter up before that he had asked for legislation to prevent the alienation of land by Europeans to persons other than Europeans, and the matter was raised again at the second session of the Joint Advisory Council. The reply given then was, with reference to the item on the agenda of this Council at its 46th Session, to the effect that the motion passed by Council at that time had been brought to the notice of the High Commissioner and he said that such legislation could not possibly be introduced. I don't think that the reply to this would be any different but there is another aspect to the matter in this case: I was not aware of the proposal to dispose of land to Africans who are not resident in this Territory and as I say, while there cannot be any question of prohibiting the sale, we can go into the antecedents of the wouldbe purchasers and see whether or not they are desirable immigrants from our point of view. I am afraid that is all I can say on that. MR. VAN GASS; Thank you. MR. RILEY: I think we have made fairly good progress this afternoon and I suggest that we might adjourn. ACTING RESIDENT CCMMISSIONER: Yes Mr. Riley. What time would you like to start tomorrow? Well Council will adjourn until tomorrow morning at some time to be decided upon. Council adjourned at 5 p.m. Council/

-40- Council resumed at 3.45 p.m. on THURSDAY, 6th NOVEMBER, 1952. ACTING RESIDENT CO!.T.ISSIONER: I have one brief announcement: it is the continuation of paragraph 7 of the Progress Report, to tell you that the necessary legislation providing for annual instead of monthly ammunition returns has been promulgated under Proclamation No. 36 of 1952. 2USTIONS AND ANSWERS. TREASURER: Your Honour and members of Council, I lay on the table the following questions and.answers:8. Q. What is the position with regard to the proposed Francistown abattoir? A. Tenders for the equipment have been called for and working drawings are being prepared. Work will begin as soon as the African houses which are being built in Francistown have been completed. (4119/2) (Mr. Royle) 9. Q. Willwaterfromthesub-surfaceschemeonthe Mahalapye River be available to members of the public and to private concerns? A. Consideration has been given to the question of a supply to the public but it is regretted that at this stage it will not be possible since the railway will take all the water available after the needs of Government have been met. (Mr. McLaggan). 10. Q. What has transpired concerning mechanical conservation units which were to have been posted to the Tati Native Reserve? A. Three units were posted to the Mahalapye water supply scheme. They are still engaged on this project. The fourth unit is operating in the Bamalete Reserve and will move from there into the Batlokwa Reserve. (Mr. Royle). 11./

- 41 - 11. Q. What progress has been made re telephones in the Tuli Block? A. No progress has been made. At present all lines north of Lobatsi are under the control of the Southern Rhodesian Government, who will not undertake any extensions until the questions of ownership and control are settled. Government hopes soon to enter into discussions with the Southerh Rhodesian Government to end the present impasse. In areas other than those of the Southern Rhodesian System, the sole right to erect new lines at present rests by law in the Postmaster-General of the Union who is unable to carry out any new work for this Government at present. The possibility of carrying out new works through other agencies is being considered. (Mr. van Gass). 12. Q. With the delay in surveying and proclaiming a road from Selika to the Shashi in the Northern Tuli Block, will Government be prepared to bear the expense incurred in dismantling and re-erecting fences at present being erected by farmers in cases where the fences will interfere with the construction of road when surveyed in the future? A. The contingency does not arise because if and when a new road is eventually surveyed and constructed, it will be located so as not to interfere with existing boundary fences. Where the road cuts a fence a 12 foot swing gate will be provided and the farmer will be responsible for its subsequent maintenance. (Mr. van Gass). 13. Q. How many times has the Educational Advisory Board met? A. The reconstituted board has met once. (Mr. Royle). MR. RILEY: Your Honour, if there are no further communications from the Chair, I would at this moment like to record Council's appreciation and thanks to Mr. Mitchell, Mr. Walker and *r. McGregor for their attendance here today. I Dropose now to go on with the Agenda startinR with No. 13. ACTING RESIDENT COMMISSIONER: Thank you Mr. Riley. I hope you will excuse the absence this afternoon of Mr. Latimer and Mr. Roe, but the Colonial Development orporation representatives are here, and we would like to take tihe opportunit- of tying up things with them. MR. /

- 42 - MR. RILEY: Yes, certainly. DRAFT FEDERAL SCHEME. MR. GLOVER: This motion should have been put before the Joint Advisory Council but we know not when that Council will meet and as time is an essential factor, I perforce put the matter before the European Advisory Council. It is a most imnortant subject and I trust Your Honour will forgive the detail required to make the motion plain to the both races. Your Honour, I will try to put my views before Council why we should strive for the Territory to become a member of the proposed Rhodesian Federation. I'm afraid you Sir, as some of my colleagues, will disapprove with much i have to say; things might be worse under an Executive Council? Meantime it should do no harm to seek the best road for our future. I have met some people who are wholeheartedly with me in regard to federation - some who cannot understand anybody wanting more than present opportunities and who quite fail to see that changes are almost certain to come. To trv and put my views before you, Sir, requires some back-round, much of which is old history and repetition, permit me then to explain things as I see them. We are concerned with the proposed federation taking shape to the north of us and with the advisability of the Fechuanaland Protectorate becoming a member state. This Droposed federation is British - African. Whatever mistakes have been made in forming the British Empire'and Commonwealth during the past few centuries - on balance this British Power has been to the good of mankind. So long as this unity can be maintained this good will continue. There are many races and creeds within the Commonwealth and the onp hope of retaining its unity is common interest, that can be united under the Crown, and any departure from that is at enmity with us. The whole trend of world politics is to greater powers with the British Commonwealth holding the balance for western ideals and it is our duty to retain and strengthen that balance by strengthening the British position in Africa. By reason of E',nglish interests lacking knowledge and understanding British colonies the world over fail to advance to full stature till they obtain responsible overnment and small weak states federate to become strong dominions. But always there are adverse interests trying to break down te unity of Empire and these adverse interests can only be kept in check by the formin7 of stronger British units, yet these adverse interests come in part from England as well as from elsewhere. The/

- 43 - The future of this Territory has given me to think ever since I came to look upon it as my adopted country, which has urged me to ask most of the High Commissioners I have been privileged to meet, ?What is our future?". An earl was most helpful, a lord gave us to think and a knight warned me against local political changes to be brought about by peaceful penetration with economic pressure when this suited a case. Such a policy would bring the Bechuanaland Protectorate into the hands of a nationalistic South Africa and give them the opportunity to repeat these tactics to obtain a strangle hold on Southern Rhodesia, with repeat efforts to follow further North. I am for a United States of Pritish Africa but it must be under the Crown and within the Commonwealth and any attempt to bring disunity, to divert this objective to some National ideology that imagines it could bank on neutralitv and isolation, is an attemptto destroy the paramount unity of white men in Africa at a time when Africans are becoming national minded and when the balancing factor of the British, Commonwealth is so necessary in a world preparinw for war as never before in the history of man. London methods will not allow discipline and hence we see Africans in British colonies becoming poor on eroded lands, disgruntled and ripe for communistic tactics. So long as we remain as we are our officials must conform to orders from London with, for all we know, a gentleman said to have his feet in Moscow and his head in the clouds, behind them - hence I would rather be connected with a responsible government like Southern Rhodesia where they apply paternal discipline to safeguard African welfare and here I saw possibilities in the proposed Federation and with the vocal backing of the elected members of this Council, went to Rhodesia on two occasions. One of the first men I met was the late Captain Frank Harris, one time Minister of Agriculture for Southern Rhodesia. He told me that when he had suggested to the Prime Minister that this Territory should be invited to join t1,e federation, the Prime Minister had said that any such approach must come from the Bechuanaland Protectorate first. I spoke before the Federation Chambers of Commerce in session at Gatooma and that body was all for the Pechuanaland Protectorate joining Southern Rhodesia, tut I had no idea of the Bechuanaland Protectorate becoming a backyard to Bulawayo. Later I went to Lusaka where I found people far more sympathetic toward the Bechuanaland Protectorate. They know what party politics in London mean. I was treated with the utmost courtesy and hospitality and asked to put our case before the elected members of the Executive Council. All these doings were duly reported to my Resident Commissioner and now that the federation looks as though it may become a reality in the near future and with the possibilities of war and utterances from the south threatening to make the transfer of the Territory an election issue it appeared to me timely to put forward a motion to explore the advisability of the question before us. I should like to add, Sir, that to me one of the greatest appeals in this federation is that we go in as a state, and retain our old friends the officials of the present Administration - but there would have to be a difference, we/

- 44 - we would need to divorce Mafeking, there would be no more livinp apart under a legal separation and those who did not like that, we would be pleased to lose. In other words, the S'cretariat would have to helong to the Bechuanaland Protectorate - not the Bechuanaland Protectorate belong to a Secretariat, living in another country, and this goes for Mafeking and Pretoria - Capetown! The time for heavy expenditure on town buildin7 has been lost, but our friend, now representing the Southern Reserves, proved to us years ago it is not necessary for a department to be in the Secretariat. If the Agricultural Department can function successfully at Mahalapye, then the Veterinary Department could function at, say, Lobatsi and the Public Works Department at Gaberones, while the Treasury and Resident Commissioner's office, to be nearer the federal capital, might well be at Francistown. The Police Training Centre and C.I.D. are already at Gaberones. I'm not saying this is anideal layout for an administration - the ideal was thrown away many years ago for the flesh pots of Mafeking and the pleadings of this Council for over thirty years has fallen on ears determined not to hear. If there were need to say more - it is this communism has come to Africa, has started its vile, creeping, murdering methods of advance and a number of small, weak states can more easily be absorbed than can a larger, stronger national unit wit'- co-ordinated Police and Armed Froces under a central Federal Government. Britain's destiny in Africa, if she is not to see her African empire vanish, lies in her being able to weld tofether individual weak countries into a powerful state. The survival of what is Britishn Africa rests upon the ability to create a state in which different races, differing cultures, can live peacefully together for the good of all. Are we to lose this hope because a few shopkeepers prefer the present disintegrated muddle in which we strive to progress - or are we just a bargaining counter, a sort of make-weight for diplomacy? For us to loint the Union of South Africa the price of forfeiting our birthright, our British soul - for apartheid amidst disgruntled Africans is too great. That, Sir, gives the background as to why I believe it would be to advantarge for this Territory and its inhabitants to be transferred as a state to the proposed federation and why I wish to put forward a motion concerning this proposal. For many years the future of this Territory the country of my adoption - has exercised my mind and no oDnortunity has been missed to enquire of High Commissioners I have met since Lord Selborne came to Supitse, regarding our destiny, so when the proposal of a Rhodesian Federation dawned it looked as if a happier solution might be found in that direction and hence motions on the subject at our 44th and 45tb Sessions - with but meagre results. Now the 'Draft Federal Scheme' has shown how each member state would retain its own identity, I and many others are keen to learn of its possibilities for this Territory. I have been asked why bring up the question now? The reply must be because federation is emerging from the nebulous to the concrete and now is the time to show faith and help the scheme to develop, to close our ranks, to prepare/

- 45 - prepare, to unite to face what may be in front of us. How many countries in Europe and Asia have been overwhelmed by communism? How many of their wealthy inhabitants gave a thought or a care as to what was coming to them - while all was well and they were making money. When it is asked why consider such a nebulous matter, the answer must be that time, from the political viewpoint, as become jet propelled. Where centuries used to be taken as a unit of change, we now see astonishing political achievements evolving at breathtaking speed and even the conservative Britis' empire and commonwealth makes rapid kaleidoscopic clanges within its own orbit. Until some finality is arrived at regarding the ultimate foreseeable destiny of this Protectorate there will always be the possibility of some inescapable upheaval forcing results not wholly acceptable or advantageous to the maioritv of the inhabitants. The trend of world politics is to greater amalgamations of power and the fewer these great powers the more possible becomes a world-wide clash with far-reaching and unpredictable results - till nothing is more certain than our interdeoendence on others of our own way of life. Theoretically, change is not inevitable but evidence is not lacking in our case, to prove powerful interests are concerned in chans inq our mode of government and while I can contemplate no future outside full allegiance to the Crown, there is no guarantee against commonwealth countries becoming republics and even republics that may repudiate the Crown. For instance the Irish precedent has a great attraction for many in South Africa. We are told not to iump before we come to it but it is common wisdom to reconnoitre uncertain terrain in front of your position. In our case we know all too well should war intervene desperate difficulties of compelling magnitude may occuu and with thr destruction of the Suez Canal the dice may be too overwhelmingly loaded against this weak Protectorate to be evaded. The dependence of our position has been augmented by tardy development and failure to cultivate internal unity and wealth, following a policy that deprecated European settlement and lacked sufficient imagination or faith in our future to so much as build an administrative capital within the Territory, resulting in our Headquarters becoming a financial drain on our slim resources, instead of a revenueearning centre of commercial, as well as administrative, importance, proving the temporary conception of our present form of government. So we may well ask ourselves, "What is our future as a Territort?" We have heard of the so-called blue print that envisaped the cutting up of the Territory, giving the northern portion to Rhodesia, and the southern portion to the Union and Ghanzi to South West Africa - a hopeless negative result to British rule that promised so much from indirect rule with paramountcy/

- 46 - paramountcyof African interests. Had the Chuana Tribes a Paramount Chief, as have the Basutos, there would have been no talk of dismemberment and partition. We hear that the Union of South Africa claim prior right to take over the Territory as it is said such transfer of government is laid down in the Act of Union. Admittedly there is certain procedure in the Schedule to the Act providinq for transfer if that ever eventuated, 'ut I fail to find any finality in the matter. Section 150 of the Act contemplated the admission into the Union of the Territories administered by the R.S.A. Company. Section 151 contemplates the transfer of the Protectorate to Union. Notbing in the Act prevented ahodesia going its own way. In the case of Rhodesia no terms of procedure were settled in advance. touT terms would have had to be settled before any transfer if Rhodesia had elected to join Union. The oDenin2 words of the two sections are identical. Section 150 readinp "The Kinr,, with the advice of the Privy Council, may on addresses from the Houses of Parliament of the Union admit into the Union the Territories administered by the B.S.A. Company". In section 151 the reference reads: "The King with the advice of the Privy Council, may on addresses of the Houses of Parliament of the Union transfer to the Union the Government of any territories, other than the territories administered by the P.S.A. Company,belongjngto or under the protection of His Majesty, and inhabited Whollv or in part by Natives, and upon such transfer the Governor-General-inCouncil may undertake the Government of such territories upon the terms and conditions embodied in the Schedule to t 'e Act". It may be done - there is no 'must' be done. The Territory cannot be brought to a state of sub-ordination to the Union Government or Parliament unless the Crown, with the advice of the Frivy Council, agrees. Her Majesty's Government have the ultimate voice, the Union admits this when asking Her Majesty's Government for the transfer. Parliament in Britain is pledged that no transfer of this Territory should take place Ja) until the inhabitants, native as well as European, have been consulted, and (b) until Parliament in Britain has been given an opportunity of expressing its views. Further, any representation which either the native or white population may make to Her 1ajesty's Government will receive most careful consideration before any decision is made. The/

- 47 - The terms of the Act were drawn up by the South African National Convention and acceptpd by that body and Parliament of the United Kinqdom as embodying certain. principles. Two provisions in the Schedule read:(1) Section 20 "'The King may disallow any law made by the Governor General by Proclamation for the Territory." (II) All Bills to amend or alter the provisions of the Schedule are reserved at Mis !"ajesty's pleasure. is Surely t-is;4ufficient to show no final decision has yet been made and that the populations of. the Territory have a say in their future. We may all look to the dav when conditions are such that a British UTnited States of Africa will be the wish of all - 'ut today our way of life is reflected in the north. No doubt many traders and tribesmen too would welcome closer association with greater material benefits and higher wages and better markets of the wealthy economy of the Union, but others see greater loss in the balance by diminished liberties and control in their reserves and as the policy that aoverns our future can be c! anged overnight by a chanpe of Government in the United Kingdom there are some who fear - as well as some w'-o look forward to - a return of socialistic power that might cause rapid development of professional African politicians who, in turn, if in power here, would soon end chieftainship rule by use of the pupular vote subject to untutored emotional passions of the moment and we have lately seen how Chuana peoples can be carried away under excitement to defy authority and are ready to murder policemen on duty. We have been guaranteed opportunity of consultation, but this does not nuarantee there will be no change in our rovernnent and as political c1langes are foreshadowed around us it is only reasonable we examine the osition as it is developing and at the same time put forward with no uncertain voice any alternative we aspire to. We want no chanve wherein the African cannot propress within his capabilities. We can countenance nothing that may take us from our loyalty and protection of the Crown - and yet as I said at the start, we are interdependent on others of our own way of life - is not such a friendly relative power evolving on our northern boundary? We are asking "What are our future prospects as a Territory?"t If we cannot define a desired target to aim at, there remains only one obscure, feeble outlook of 'Wait and see!" Has the proposed new political development toward federation any advantageous prospects of improved status and of a more stable economic way of life, of our understanding, to offer us? . I have heard it said that for the Bechuanaland Protectorate to think of federation is to offend the Union, our/

- 48 - our economic centre that takes our exports and supplies our wants, espeCiallr our grain shortapes! The Union could apply economic pressure (we have had some before) and moreover the Union is one of Great Pritain's best customers and nothing must offend this valuable market and gold supply. England has another valuable market developinp in the north. We have reciprocated in trade with the Union, the bulk of our exports and purchases have been with the Union and they welcome our export of labour, there is no reason why this mutual accommodation should cease, but we do not want to import Union politics. Threats of correction have come our way in press utterances but as part of a powerful federation, that is the Union's best customer, the position would be different. More than one Union statesman has said the Union wants no unwillink- partners. They wl'v should we be on a less friendly business footing than now? Then it is said - ''Why federation?' Two thousand years ago the Romans taught us the strength of unity. here one stick is weak, many sticks bound together make an unbreakable unit. They may not I:e equal in strength but each can bear the stress accordinp to its conditions contributing to the whole. The world today is full of examples of strength Pained by federations where the partners are willing to work together for the common good; for example the United States of America: Canada: Australia and in a more loose form the Pritisb' Commonwealth. T',e Union of South Africa is a strong unit of four states joined together, but unfortunately racial discord through the attempted dominance of nationalism, with a leaninq to republicism, produces an ideology that creates unrest and fear. Patriotism is to be lauded in any people, but nationalism works for one section only, destroying partnership and friendly co-operation of the two races. The "uropean needs the African as a potential ally in developing the Territor- and the African needs European capital, technology and education to advance to a better life. The two races are interdependent if we are to advance in economics and social services. Social standing of each race is tied up with economics and education. This Protectorate needs the support of greater strength in a greater unity with a power adjoining of our way of life. Such a strength is in process of forming in a federation of the Rhodesias and Nyasaland. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics is another example of strength through federated republics, but their ideology of communism (so called) does not sanction the liberty of the individual and their unity is only kept together by excessive and ruthless police control of all economic and social conditions. Political/

- 49 Political stability is essential to our progress. We know a good deal of the political set-up in the Union - what of the Governments to the north of us who are contemplating the federation of their resources for mutual development and defence wherein the Imperial Government also sees advantages for Africans as well as Europeans? In Southern Rhodesia they have an Industrial Conciliation Act that lays down tl,-e rate of pay for skilled occupations in the towns and the employer is compelled to pay his skilled workers these rates be they Europeans, Africans or Indians. Eac worker must prove his skill, ability and trustworthiness and accept the same conditions of educational and technical training as laid down for each trade. Pass laws are more strict than in the other two Territories because advanced industrial progress has attracted a huge floating population of alien Africans some LO,OO from Northern Rhodesia and possibly many more from Nyasaland and other states and these must be separately registered for taxation and repatriation purposes. I believe it is true to say no Territory under the Colonial Office has done more to advance Africans - though the uneducated African may resent certain discipline that in reality is for their own good, as for instance certain regulations to prevent soil erosion through wrong methods of ploughing and overstocking. These same conditions will yet become very necessary here in this Territory, as they have already become necessary and instituted in Basutoland, and in at least parts of the Union Africans have compulsory contour ploughing. The days of unlimited land and movement of people in Africa is passed, a fact we must accept. Naturally a thoughtless improvident people resent these regulations until they appreciate the benefits and political agitators make the most of these changing conditions and exoloit the emotional prejudices of a credulous people, pointing out the hardships while saying nothing of the pood achieved for qrowing populations. Mankind have responsibilities to their children and those who come after them, and we cannot claim to be civilised until we accept this responsibility. Northern Rhodesia has gone a long way toward political equality, not to the extent some would like, because the great majority are too backward to appreciate political responsibility even in simple form. The mineral wealth of the Territory has enabled considerably advancement in social services and education for Africans, but there are a considerable number of a certain tribe endeavouring to monopolise political and trades union powers to give themselves political dominance over the less politically minded tribes (who are inclined to accept propaganda put over by'men of their own colour) while reiterating a persistent 'NO' to all offers to attend conferences and discussions relating to political changes - a method that closely follows upholders of a veto in the wider discussions of the United Nations, and that repudiates all compromise, the basis of civilised advancement - pointing to some local European tutorship from east of the Baltic. Nyasaland/

- 50 - Nyssaland I know nothing about, beyond that it has a climate that has produced a very large population who, being poor, migrate in large numbers to seek wages in Rhodesia and elsewhere - proving they cannot progress alone and that they are willing to accept R odesian conditions of employment. No political innovation can hope to please all concerned. hut it is evident that the Imperial Government, w-o have proved friendship and bonafide guardianship of Africans for very manv years, consider the proposed federation is to the betterment of the majority of Africans, and believe it will grow into a great dominion. There are many uninformed Europeans who believe that Africans are Ietter off if left alone - but the result of a thousand years of isolation as disclosed to us fifty years ago, has little to commend it, beyond the survival of the strongest. Today Africans are most keen to seek wealth and modern amenities outside their reserves, even when land in unlimited quantity is theirs, proving their acceptance of European industrial advancement as somethina better t'-an they have of their own. There are African politicians who would gain favour with the uneducated by shouting ! Africa for the Africans" - but what would these talkers have been without European education and social services? It will be said that this motion is premature, that the federation is not yet accomplished - admitted, but before their constitution is laid down we should sav definitely whether we wish to come into federation, so that an avenue can be left open for us. At least, let us have some alternative to dismemberment or transfer. A study of the Draft Federal Scheme lately presented to the Pritis', Parliament by Secretaries of State by command of Her "ajestv gives muc'- information. Some E:uropeans will object to the powers of the African Affairs Poard - but something not quite palatable to Euroneans must be accepted. There must be safeguards to overcome African susceptibilities, and, in any case, this is no innovation. Federation is no new question of votes for Africans, th' at problem is already in the Rhodesias, and here in the Bechuanaland Protectorate we have accepted a Joint Advisory Council in full equality. If we profess democracy, we must accept its responsibilities. The Europeans in the north have no intention of giving away their place to lead. We want to know - would the federation accept us as a member state' - and what have they to offer us? They will want to know - what have we to offer them? Are we self-supnorting? Not to-day maybe, but who will say the Territory is being run to financial advantage/

- 51 - advantage? Beyond exceptional capital outlay we should be self-supporting. This year our revenue amounts to £621,000, and we are receiving £167,000 in Colonial Development & Welfare Funds, but we have had exceptional costly trouble to contend with. At this time the potential of the Bechuanaland Protectorate has not been dreamed of. Britain lost South West Africa to Germany by default, as worthless. Canada was once spoken of as the barrenest land on earth, and to-day even the most barren part, Labrador, is provinq of fabulous wealth. Rhodesia needs a railroad to the west, and some day Becbuanaland Protectorate coal and iron will supply Fngland and South America; Nqamiland, on the road, has wonderful Dotentials not yet scratched. Rhodesia owns the railway right through our 275,000 square miles of country with the same number of Africans, 2,500 Euroneans, 2,000 Joloureds and Indians, 110,000 square miles of reserves, 160,000 square miles of Crown Lands and, sad to relate, onlv 7,630 square miles of 7uropean settlements - mostly on distant boundaries from sixty to hundreds of miles from the railway. Change in the condition of the Territory is fore-shadowed. It is the plain duty of the.people's representatives to make a first move, and state squarely the road we wish to travel and the company we wish to travel with. The case for federation rests upon the certaintv that strong and large n9tional units are better than small and isolated ones. It rests upon the conviction that Pritain's destiny in Africa, if she is not to see her African empire wholly vanish, lies in the skill she can shew in welding to -ether individually weak countries into a nowerful state. Further, the survival of what is British in Africa ultimately rests upon the ability to create a type of state in w-ich different races, different communities, with different cultures, may live peaceably together and rnogress unfalteringly toward a Foal which makes for the good of all. Sir, I move:"'That Council consider the "Draft Federal Scheme"t relative to the proposed Federation of the Rhodesias and Nyasaland and that action be taken to explore the advisability and opportunity for the Bechuanaland Protectorate to become a member state." MR. ENGLAND: I will second that motion Your Honour. Mr. Glover has moved that action be taken to explore/

- 52 - explore the advisability of the Bechuanaland Protectorate becoming a member state of this northern federation. Federation has not yet come to pass but it is always possible that if it did come to pass it might be to the benefit of this Territory to join that federation: therefore I can speak in support of the motion to explore the situation. In order that the situation may be adequately explored and that one can have somethinp with which to compare what one may discover, I think it could be added to the motion that we could explore the south. T'ere is shortly to be nublished a white paper setting forth the negotiations and possible proposals and furthermore I think one can explore the possibilities of staying 4ust as we are. There may be much to attract us in the north, there may be somethinr to attract us in the south: we are a mixed community today Sir, we are Fritish in allegiance and to many extents not 1ritish in Policy and what may be one man's meat may be aother man's poison. On the other hand, in the middle here, we are neither Rhodesian nor are we South Africans - we are Bechuanas, and it is conceivable we may be extraordinarily wise and happy to remain in our present state for many years to come until these immature political entities both to the north and to the south have acquired a depree of mellowness which they certainly don't have today. If this governmefit attains rather more powers thar it appears to have at the moment and greater authority to be master of its own house, I have no hesitation in saying that for ourselves and for our children the probable prospect to remain where we are is much better than anything that is likely to come out of the north or the south for very many years to come. MR. VAN GASS: Your "onour and Gentlemen: from what was said by 14r. Glover as well as mentioned here by Mr. England, and looking round us to see what the position is round us, I think the necessity has arisen to raise the status of our government, especially ti'at of our Resident Commissioner, to enal-le him to exercise greater powers and aut",ority in handling more pressing and urzent matters in the.Territory. -e should be made directly responsible to Her Majesty's Government and an appeal should be made by t:,is Council to that effect. If t'-is situation could not be met by Her Majesty's government for the better administration of the Territory, I would then propose to investigate not only federation with the north if there will be one but also see what the south can offer us. Some of us keel that our salvation lies in the north and others feel that it lies in the south. If Mr. Glover will add to his motion "also the advisability and opportunity for incorporation into the Union of South Africa ' I will most heartily support it. If he can't see his way clear to add that portion, I am compelled to make an amendment. I should like to know if he could add it to his motion. ACTING RESIDENT COTISSIONER: Mr. van Gass, we can't have this chit chat you soeak once and Mr. Glover has the right to reply at the end.

- 53 - MR. VAN GASS: I have no furt ter opportunity of then putting my amendment? ACTING RESIDENT CjrISSIONER: You can put an amendment certainly, yes, but as I understood you, whether you proposed an amendment or not was dependent upon whether Mr. Glover would do so. MR. VAN GASS: Yes, Well I don't quite understand the position it all deoends on "r. Glover. I don't know whether I will have another chance of putting the amendment if I don't nut it now. MR. RILEY: You should put the amendment and see if you can get a seconder. MR. VAN GSS: WIell I wis' to move an amendment to this motion. I move that the motion be put on the Aienda for a later date. Sir - Your Honour and gentlemen: to my mind the motion is premature. First we don't know if the Rhodesias and Kyasaland will accept federation as the referendum is only takinq place in March next year: secondly, for those of us who feel that in incorporation with the Union of South Africa lies our future, especially financial assistance, development and economy. We are also looking forward to the publishinf' of the white paper of the United Kingdom and the Union of South Africa concerning the incorporation into the Union of South Africa of this Protectorate. I do not think our Government would welcome discussion on this motion at this stame. ACTING RESIDENT COMLISSIONER: Anybody second the amendment? You have no seconder Mr. van Gass. MR. RILEY: Your onour, there is a great deal to be said for what 'r. Glover has said about this motion, but the main thinp to bear in mind is that T r. Glover is asking us to consider t1-e advisability of federation with the north or becoming one of the federated states. I know that economically we are linked with the Union, we have many ties with the Rhodesias, the northern half of the territory anyway more than likely would look to the north while the southern half may possibly look to thr south. I think that it is very reasonable to suggest at this moment, although it may be a little premature, for we are not yet assured that federation is going to take nlace, that the matter be explored but, as has been pointed out. we must not make our exploration in only one direction, we should pive the same consideration to any benefits that mi&'t be derived if we look south and I think also we sliould be able to give further consideration to the/ the present administration; s-ould we be able to get stronger rowers and be able to resist economic pressure from either side, we may then consider it advisable to remain an independent state. We owe our allegiance to Her Majesty and I have no doubt that one and all would think twice before any suq'pestion is made that we should depart from the British way of life. Our African friends I think will probably adopt the same attitude. We see both in the north and in the south reactions that we find ourselves unable to support and I think that there is no question that we should delve deeply into what would be the better course to pursue. MR. McLAGGAN: Your 'ionour, while I agree lar-ely with what Mr. Glover says, that we should examine the possibilities of this federated state, I do feel that we have got a fairly Food country here and we like it. If that sounds a bit complimentary it is not intended to be so, as there is a lot that still as to be done, but will we ever be given a chance to do so? I agree with Mr. van Gass that we should have a stronger government. The W-ole crux lies in the strength of our Povernment and if we wish to stand by ourselves we must have a stronger eovernment. If we can- ot get the rovernment we want here we will have to look elsewhere. MTR. ROYLE: I would like to say a few words on t:-is matter. I have spoken to many people in my area in the Tati T-rritory and there is no doubt that they would prefer to remain where they are. Despite what happens in government they are happv as they are, but if it comes to having to make a c-oice, then they would unhesitatingly go north. With regard to : Fr. van Gass' suagestion that we should explore the possibilities of the Union, I mi.ht roint out that the Prime Minister, Dr. Malan, has definitely stated his intention as clearly as he can to form it into a republic. Now th-at would not be allegiance to Her Majesty's Government and so I cannot say t'at the people would support that. I also agree with Mr. Glover and Mr. van Gass thAt we must have a stronger government wit'. more power, instead of having to go to the High Commissioner and the Colonial Office and so on. ACTING RESIDENT COMWISSIONER: Do you wish to reply Mr. Glover? MR. GLOVER: Yes Your Honour, there are many in this Territorv concerned with its future. The progress and development of a backward country needs a hundred percent effort by people w'Io belong and think of the country as their future, and not simply a temporary iob and stepping stone to other/ - 54 -

- 55 - otl er opportunities. It is all too evident that this Territory cannot stand alone and prosper, neither will it prosper with uncertainty ever overhead. It is said there is a Dredestiny in one direction, and it is said the people must be consulted! 'Iell, we are either a bargaining counter or th- people of the Territorv have a say in their future. One qentleman put it to me - "If it came to the rush the T'ritis" Government would sell us down the river as the price to keep the Union within the Commonwealth!'. If this sounds a harsh judgment, be it not forgotten that some members of a British Government were willinq to play that way with Somaliland to appease Fascist Italy at war with Cthiopia, and only the howl of protest in Britain, that shook a Government, saved the day. However, except it be under the most disastrous effects of war I cannot see a Government of the United Kingdom giving away the High Commission T- rritories and retaining office - the British voters would see to that. Iamfarmore alarmed at press renorts of ex-ministers of the Crown agreeing to a resolution to help the Africans of ' ritis'- Southern Africa to self-Fovernin7 constitutions similar to that granted to the Gold Coast, to be progressivelv and ranidlv introduced, That certainly would cause a crash that could bring tis Territory to spiritual and financial bankruptcy, and bow can it be expected that a few ambitious African politicians will agree to federation while the bait of a Gold Coast constitution is held up to them if only they will resist federation till these ex-ministers are in power again? Therefore I repeat that delays in deciding the destiny of the Territory are dangerous to those of us w.o wish to see whites retain leadership in Central Africa - though this is not said in selfish arrogance that despises the mass of the people, for a necessary adjunct to success in a multiracial community is good manners, not simply good business. We know speculators prefer the status quo wherein to 'sit prettyt between differinp customs and tariffs. Others can only see a future in the south, there are many others who see their way of life, the British-African way of life, in the north. One gentleman quietly insinuated my interest in this matter is for self- glorification! Yet it is known that I have tried for racial unity by advocating a Joint Advisory Council, and I tried to engender unity by joint interest and action by our making a territorial token payment to the British Navy, to which great service we all owe so much - but the bare thought of unity costing a small cash effort shews what hope we have of long-term co-operation alone among ourselves. May those who were so quick to turn down a gesture of goodwill and unity learn from Monsarrat's book "The Cruel Sea'. Then there is the bogey of grain shortages making us dependent on the Union. Happily in this regard the Union is living up to our mutual Customs agreement for free exchange of commercial commodities, though I've been told there/

- 56 - tere is an embargo on dried and condensed milk against us, and a number of other items are limited to us. But let us not be s'-ort-sighted. Remember the Union is 300 years old, with much of her soil eroding away while the Rhodesias have only fifty pioneer growing years of development, and it miqht well be the newer country with the better rainfall will yet send grain south. We must not lose sight of the development going forward to nort', of us in the Sabie Valley Scheme showing promising results, the Hunyane Poort Scheme, now completed, and the Yafue and Kariba Gorge Schemes awaitinF developments. To suqgest that our people would starve if we Joined up with the north is a very short term view. We know there are some who fear trade setbacks with the Union, but why, do they expect the Union to be vindictive? We have been a good customer, and for long they have welcomed our meat and labour exports. On the other hand, never forget under a national government we are, and always will be a Kaffirland, and the first to be pushed on one side should ever our exports interfere with the products of the Union farmer who has the vote. If our Administration had been resident in the Territory, and less Union-minded, the aleviation of our grain needs by development in N''amiland would not have been delayed till now. Another point, narrow views may not always prevail. A more liberal-minded government may attainthe goodwill of the ritis' African states that may lead to the great aim of the Federated States of Britisli Africa, within the Commonwealth united under the Crown. Then if this Territory is a recognised state of a Central African Fcderation, we would come into the Greater Union as a state, as should Basutoland and Swaziland. We read in the press today that Swaziland is striving to become self-supportinq so as to be able to stand against incorporation. We read of Dasutos saying they want no incorooration. Are we then afraid to say outright that we wish to become a member of the Rhodesian Federation? Once we lose our identity by being submerged, incorporated, or partitioned, we become a chattel, with no say in our future. I have already said that mankind has responsibilities to those who come after - are we willing to forego the future for the expedient of a day? If sanity prevails in South Africa, and the Central African Federation matures - then we are a step nearer to a Federation of all British Africa, but only by retaining individual identity will ever the many states agree to a federal whole. Sir, I have listened to my colleagues, and greatly appreciate the support given. It is but repetition to say we know there must be local opposition from those who fear business might be adversely effected for a time. We know there must be opposition from a section of people in England who know little of the real facts of life in Central and Southern/

- 57 - Southern kfrica, and who Pet their information from biased sources. Icouldnot accept Mr. van Gass' motion for the simple reason that I know from conversations with many r'echuana Africans that they do not want incorporation: how then can I ask them to study the position there with the possibility of incorporation? We now see politicians in England using the engineered opposition of Africans to the north of us as a party-weapon against their Government. No doubt professional African noliticians can see better opportunities and pickings if tbey can Ret a Gold Coast constitution, to w#-ich end we read they are using strong arm intimidation on the people and their leaders. This sort of thing has proved so successful in promoting communism, and for a time nazism and fascism that it is not unnatural to see it blossom as a sideline under the banner of socialism and trade-unionism. If these African politicians are successful it will enable t'-em to usurp the traditional constitutionai -owers of the C'Tiefs. Under these conditions experience has shewn onlv the stron7 arm followers of this type of nolitician pain muc advantage, and even these are subject to drastic purqes - while the mass of the people continue to nav the price. Are we afraid to strive for something better? For want of a strong united British policy in Africa, we see Indian nationals becoming more and more numerous in 2ast Africa. They may, for a time, make common cause with Africins araint *hites, till weak Pritish states succumb to the flood, and a t.uge surplus population invade the country to the detriment of the Africans. .Many whites take strong objection to the African Affairs ;oard! I certainly do not like it, but there will be no federation wit'out fully safe,-uarding the African interests. There are plenty of instances in history to tell us why. For instance, the Basutos asked England to take them over as a protectorate; after years of delay this was done. Then the :ape Colony was given responsible government, and on the strength of this asked to take over Basutoland, which was agreed to. Then TPTr. Gordon Spripq, the Premier, attended a Great Pitso, and told the Pasutos what fine fellows they were. praised them for assistance riven in the Zulu Tar and Moorosi's Rebellion where they had used their own guns in the service of the Queen, but now that there was peace the Basutos were under the Cape Colony, and they should pay double taxes and hand in all their arms! Compensation of about 35/- for a gun that mi'ht have cost £10 was offered and any Funs or even assegai retained made the owner liable to a fine of '500, or even seven years' hard labour. The Gun War followed, and after the Cape had spent £4,000,000 (a lot of money in those days), and had, in the words of Cecil Rhodes 'been licked bv the Basutos , the Cape had to ask 7naland to take over Basutoland again. The Pasutos could not win a modern war - but ! We are told the histories of all federations shew much opposition at the start, but they grow in statue, strength and wealth, so long as they are true to their constitutions/

- 58 - constitutions. I am no rhilosopher and have no wish to discuss the Union's policy of apartheid - but we know that thinkin7 Africans do not like it. The Divine ordering of the universe has ordained that life shall improve and progress by evolution, and man- made laws cannot completely alter the natural strivings of man to an improved life, and where this is held up modern education produces leaders who try to find a wa- round the obstacles, and modern history has shewn how Lenins, Gandhis and such like, produce conditions that in time iret round hard obstructions to the form of evolution their life aspires to, even though the people suffer in the longrun. If we dam back this advance of man, it is liable to develop sufficient force to break te dam, and the only safe course is to provide some outlet for natural evolution, whic', should not hurt anybody, provided leaders avoid the use-of arrocant strength wI icl- in time produces reaction in some unnleasant form. I sav some outlet must be provided, and under democratic conditions this best takes the form of a partners'-iD that allows t'he best of bot' sides to be used to advantage. We are a somewhat primitive community, but rather t'-an have two sepnrate Councils only, we have formed a Joint Coul-cil to enable the meetin' of leaders, and onen discussion on matters that affect both races. So far this has not come to full fruition, but we hope it will and qive that sense of nartnershin wherein eacl can appreciate the benefits derived from te ot"-r. 7or I still maintain tat if pro7ress is to be attained, whites need the assistance of blacks and blacks need the assistance of whites. Those w'o drafted the federal scheme we have here, must of their Rreat experience have some conception of the necessities of evolution as I have so crudely tried to describe, and these men, with advanced educrtion and the wealt'- of the wide experience of tte rritisi Empire and 3ommonwealth be!ind them, have laid down that there shall be African elect-d members as well as Euro')ean memhers in the Federal Farliament. To sar vo, do not like an African Affairs Poard. or African members of Parliament, is to sa' you do not want rartnershin or safeguards as laid down by a preat experience. 3aferuards that should never be used if white leadership retains its ability to lead fairly. Wherever there is a larqe population, you have the need of Industry to employ them and provide for their needs of food and social services to keep their minds from wrong- tiinking. The proposed federation has wonderful resources for this employment, but these resources require enormous sums of money to develop. Fritain bled white by wars. cannot provide the huge capital requirements. Still, there are others who can, but these want more security than can be found in several weak Territories, for even wit' the Empire bebind them they are individually weak, and poor, till developed, and here federation Fives a solution in the unity of creater resources, greater strength, and greater security. So I ask all members of 2ouncil to (ive heed to/ \

- 59 - to t'he future - don't let t'ie nrofits of t'e day blind you to unwanted political c!anges that must come if freedom is not prepared to accept the discipline of unity that can be acceptable to the peonles of the land we desire our children to live in. To accomplis' any "ood we need some national unity of purpose wherein both races can take their part. ACTING RTLSID-X',T C:I ,3IS R: I nut the motion, as recorded on the Agenda, to the vote. T',ose' in fnvour? Seven in favour - one azainst. ACT.TNG R SIDENT O $ISSIONER: Thank. you gentlemen, I don't think there is anyt' inp I can say on this at the moment. The views of Council will bp transmitted to the High Commissioner. MR. '?NGL.AND: Your "onour would it not be in order to appoint a deputation or a Jommittee to carry out these investilzations. I don't know whether it is possible to move the election of a committee or deputation to carry out these investigations? ACTING R:S IDENT CO1ISS IONCR: No, I think I should send it to the High Commissioner first. ould you like to adjourn now? IR. RILEY: I think so Sir. ACTING U?SIDENT CO1VrIS3IONER: We will adjourn until 9 o'clock tomorrow morning. Council adjourned at 5.15 p.m. Council resumed at 9.5 a.m. on FRIDAY, 7th NOVEMBER, 1952. MR. RILEY: I think we might go back to No. 9 Sir and carry on from there. ACQUISITION OF LAND FOR PUBLIC PURPOSES. TREASURER: Your T onour and members of 'ouncil, I would formally propose the motion No. 9: 'That Government be 7iven powers for the compulsory acquisition of land for public purposes." The/ - 60 - The note on this item is pretty comprehensive and I do not tlink I need say verv muc'l in support of it. The position is that at the moment the powers of government to acquire land are very much circumscribed and with the development of the Protectorate in the years to come it may be necessary to acquire land for public purposes - water, reservoirs, townships and so on, and it is felt that we should consider a means of Tovernment obtaining these powers at this stare rather than wait until the specific necessity for them occurs. Certain safepuards will of course be necessary resarding compensation to persons from w'om government takes over land and the note fully explains what is su-gested in t'at direction. There is in Northern Rhodesia a Land Acquisition Ordinance, on w ic' any legislstion that we might consider adopting could possibl, be based. DIR7CTOQ 0- AGRICULTURE: Your Honour, Gentlemen: the power required bv the Government is nothing new nor unusual. This power, w'-ic' is eniove-d bv most governments, is one that becomes increasinglv necessary as land usage becomes greater and for that matter as the land misuse becomes 7reater. Its greatest importance is associated with2 the safeguarding of the national resources of the Territory. It may be necessarv to establish villages, water schemes or other ampnities. I don't tlink that the proposal requires any further explanation or supnort and I would therefore second it. MR. RILETY: Your '.onour, T think t is is a power that really is necessary to 7overnment. It is something that is available in all otter territories and personally I cannot see any ohiection to the proposal whatsoever. R. GLOW!R: Your 'Tonour there is lust one point that I tilink we should not lose sight of. If presumably a person like Glover becomes more of a nuisance than he is, what is to stop you from expropriating his farm? (Lauahter) ACTING RESIDENT _CO'I3JIONTR: On what basis Mr. Glover? That your removal would be for the public benefit? (Laughter) Well, I think you must trust Government to some extent and anticipate that they will act bona fide. If part of your farm is neede for a public puroose you would be in no different position from anybody else but, as the motion says, it is for public purposes and the TTigh ommissioner or the Secretary of State would have to be satisfied that it was for a public purpose, and not of the nature that you suggested. Gentlemen, are you in favour of this motion? ,ill you signify in the usual manner? Carried unanimously. ACTING/

- 81 - ACTING RZ3IDENT C01MISOIOER: T'-ank you. MR. RILEY: No. 10 Sir. REVI3ION OF INC ONE TAX LAW. MR. GLOVER: Your "onour, t'tis motion is governed by the renly to Question No. 5. I put the motion brfore Council previously but Council decided to wait until the Union had adjusted its Income Tax Laws and the answer comes in the renly as I have stated. Sir ours is a young, undeveloped country and should be a land oP opportunity and the last t1in!7 to be taxed siould be private enterprise so lon- as the fruits thereof are rlou-! ed back to advantag-e of industry. We learn by trial and error in farming as in all thinps and one thinF wiich is very certain is that if we fail to guard against overworkin- land, the land of the farmer - be he black or w ite - will become poor, and t e farmer with it. Anti-erosion work is exceedingly expensive as I know to my cost, and moreover a farmer must be prepared to c'ange his methods and keep as nearly up to date as may be. A small cattle-producinq farmer or rancher will find that to Droduce say Z2,000 annually from slaughter stock he will need to keep somethi-1 like 600 or more head of cattle of all ages and types on his farm and he mair find this is ovcrstocking. To retain income and reduce numbers of cattle, hn must turn to well bred stock and the growing of feed crops. This will e'tail better bulls and mechanised olant, besides t,.e clearin- of lands and a modest start in this direction will cost at least 2,000. The farmer has still to live and pay farm expenditure, so he must find new capital or transfer capital Erom his livestock to the improvements and implements required, so he sells cattle to say the value of £4,000 - £2,000 for normal income and expenditure and £2,000 Jor canital to be transferred to the necessary improved methods of farminn. But there our friends the Taxing Department come into the picture and say W'Yey! this £4,000 is income and as you h'ave douhlod your income you will now pay super tax aplenty. So the Simple Simon farmer who thoupht to do 7ood work, finds most of his transferred capital is paying for anythiny but the improvements he anticipated and decides he can only carry on in the same old way and hope the top soil of his farm will last his lifetime. Our Taxinp Department, living in the Union, naturally follow the footsteps of that wealthy country's tax collectors who say ;7A tax in the !and is better than development in the bushK. So all I can do is to withdraw that motion with your permission, Sir. ACTING RESIDENT C0MMISSIONER: Thank you, the motion is withdrawn. MR./

- 62 - Z 1_. RILEY: No. 11 Sir. TAXABLE INCOME - ALLOWANCE FOR DEVELOPTNT OF WATER. MR. GLOWER: No. ii Sir is exactly on the same footing and is also governed by the same reply w'.ic'- tells us whenever a taxpayer sells stock-in-trade the cost of it has already been allowed as a deduction from profits the amounts received are income of a revenue nature. The manner in whici he uses this income, e.g. to purchase the most essential farmin, requirements or t'e most extravagant luxury, cannot possiblyr alter its nnture. There i- not'Ping for it, I just withdraw the motion. ACTING RT:.IDINT CO I3 IONER: Very well, t e motion is withdrawn. R. RILY: No. 12 Sir, - r. Dnpland. TEMPORARY VISITS TO SOUTHERN RHODESIA. MR. ThNGLt!:D: Your "onour, I move:';T'at Government come to some arranem-nt with the .3outiern R*-odesian .ut'orities regarding temporarv visits of ':uron-an inhabitants of this Territory to 3outhern R'iodesia.! Until probably six mont s ago it was comparatively easy for any in abitant of this territory, particularly those in tl-e north, to go into Southern R odesia for busin-ss or 'leesure for, - think., uD to 72 'ours, provided one 'ad a certificate of identit- 'from t e local District Commissioner or some suc' prrson, Rhodesia, for reasons of Ler own - orobablv rood reasons - 'as had to tighten up immigration laws ard it is now required that any in abitant of t is coun'trr vis:tinq Southlrii Rlodesia for a period of more than 24 hours has to be ir possession of a valid passport hearin' the equivalent of a visa to visit Southern R odesia. T is is inconvenient to most people ard it can become an almost oro -ibitive inconvenience to some of the less well inodrmpd nortions of our community wo may suddenlv have to seek assistance in 3outhern Rhodesia in matters of 'ospitalization or some such thing. T 'e other day in ,ulawavo I interviewed the Chief Immigratior Oficer there and he suggested that this Government could register wit his office a list of the inhabitants - I must say that althoug'- I tried to make an appeal for t e inhalitants of the Territory he was not prepared to play muc'n below MahalapVe. Fe said not that he had much arainst t ,e in-al-itants but the area was so adjacent to thp Union and entrance was so easy that undesirable people could/

- 63 - could come into te Sout'iern Protectorate and in -is opinion the sout'- wns t-e more danrerou's area t1 an the rest of the territory, teV mig't secure a Certificate of Identity from the District .3ommis!ioner with w.ich they could get into .out' ern Rhodesia and they mieht do somr degree of harm before t'.ev were found out. In caucus we had te benefit of t'.e advice of olonel Lan7lev and h sur'rested t1',at perhaps something on t'e lines of te Union Tourist passport might meet the case. You see a rriti.' passport, I rather, costs approximately £2 to 02.10.0. to take out and every five years has to be renewed and possibly t'at suggested cost is excessive, but I rat'-er this tourist passnort is a comparatively cheap thing to nroduce and would meet te case of a man who has three or four children s'-all we sa- in Francistown or Mahalapye who are at sc'hool in Bulawayo and therefore coming home at different times owing to the staggerine of school holidays, as is customprv in Southnrn R odesia. '3ach child has to have a passport or Certificate of Identity which would be accenta .le bv the 3outl-rn PRhodesiai authorities. This Council will ask, Sir, that Fovernment tW-a uD the matter with Southprn Rhodesia and provide some mre easy form of accesF to 3outhern I-hodesia for temporary visitors. we would say on te basis of up to one week. I t'ink that is all that can be said. A:3TINV- R'I ' %IJ O On a voint of explanntion ?ir. Znsland, can you tell me whether the R odesian authorities refuse to accept the little permit we used to -ive, it had your photocraph on it? 7£ . 'NGL..'D : The answer is yes and no. INormall' they are no loner accepted. The R'-.odesian people are extremely courteous people and the Chief Immigration Officer said that w'ere t'he local Immirrntion Officer knew people to be residentc: of t is c nuntry he had instructions to let them in. I must sAv that I had not the slightest trouble in retting in and out myself but I do know of cases of residents of this country comoldte with t",eir District 3ommissioner's certificate w o have had trouble. MR. RILEY: Your Honour, in seconding fr. England in this motion, I would like to add that particularly in the north as Tr. ,ngland ,_as pointed out, there are quite a number of Deople today w -o make frequent visits to Rhodesia and up to now I must say that the authorities have been very reasonable and we have not faced any difficulties in gettin- to Rhodesia and back in two or three or four days. If it is not acceptable to the Thodesian authorities t',at we should be equipped wit these small special permits it is goinq to be necessary for us to have somet' inp on the lines that Ti.r. *.!ngland has nointed out, in the wav of a tourist certificate or passport. I would like to suRest t'at Gover-ment make representations to t',e Rhodesia-, au-horities to allow us a certain period, say a year or so, to put our house in order to give us an opportunity to introduce some suitalle system by which we can have/

- 64 - ave free access to bot' tihe I'nion ard both Rhodesias; I will also include Northern R odesia as there is quite a lot of movement in that direction. In the meantime I have no doubt that Government could furnish the authorities wit,- a list of bona fide residents that could be referred to if the R'odesian authorities were not satisfied witr the permit -roduced by t'e traveller. There is also the question that arises of additional cost if we are 7oinq to be required to introduce a pas-ort system, particularly in regard to families of the workinz man. I have no doubt that it will boil down to each child requirinq some sort of a certificate unless they are accompanied by the parents, which is not at all times possi'hl-, so I do t1ink that some simplified form should be introduced and -ossibly in the case of the children just a sunnlemented one wit> endorsements by Government statinthat they are children of bona fide residents of the Protectorate ard should be allowed transit to either the Union or Southern Rh.odesia. f lot of inconvenience can be caused to t'e public if this matter is not )7iven attention, I will say in the near future. I have had t' is matter placed before me bv some of my constituents who, althoua'; they managed wit'out a qreat deal of difficulty, have warned me of the difficulties ti'at are lik-l,? to arise in the future. 4. EYGLPND: I think to entirel ... qualify the position Your !onour I s ould add that it is possible to -et into Southern Rhodesia wit' thp certificate w'ic' Your .onour mentioned today, but T personallv on two occasions in the last three mont's have endeavoured to enter Southern Rhodesia with that certificate and I have had to make out in triplicate two paces - I t i-nk there are about 24 questions on them in respect of myself, my wife and eac.. child - on eac occasion and tile trouble is that a lot of these questions are quite comorehensive and what induces me to take this up is that even the best of us m'iight not alwavs 7ive the same answers! ACTING RFS.D ...... Oi'IiSIONER: Those in favour of t-e motion? Carried unanimously. ACTING R'7SIDENT COM4ISSIONER: Ie will do what we can. Fundamentally a passnort is what it is, a passport to any country. Some territories do issue a tourist passport such as the Union do for 5/- and it is onlr valid for a s'ort duration, I think six mont's, and whatever document you have you can still be called upon by the immi-ration aut'-orities to fill in the form vou have iust described. However, we will call on the Rhodesian autorities and see wat thev can do to help. MR. RILEY: No. 14 Sir. TRADES/

- 65 - TRADES PROCLAMATION. MR. ENGLAND: I move Sir:"That the Trades Proclamation submitted to and approved by Council at its last sitting be made law as from the 1st January, 1953." We have at this meeting had the advantage of seeing the Proclamation in its final more or less revised form and Council are in agreement with the Proclamation now as put forward by Government ard would like to see this made law at the date sugpested or as near thereto as the Court may be able to assemble. MR. RILEY: I second that motion. ACTING RESIDENT COMMISSIONER: Gentlemen you will see from the note that there has been delay. The draft was sent to the Government Law Office and thev had certain amendments and suggestions and, as you say, the draft is final now and we will certainlv do what we can to get it on the Statute Book at the earliest possible date. I put the motion to the vote. Carried unanimously. MR. RILEY: No. 15 Sir. AGRICULTURAL VOTE. MR. RILEY: This motion Sir is in my name and I would like to ask you if I may amend it to read:"That the agricultural vote be made adequate to provide for greater expansion in the production of grain and other essential requirements." ACTING RESIDENT COMMISSIONER: Yes. MR. RILEY: Personally, Sir, I would like to express regret that I am not moving t' is motion at a joint sitting of the European and African Advisory Councils as I feel that it is something that greatly affects our African friends and I would have liked to have heard what reaction they would have to what I have to say I will begin Sir with the economic aspect. We are today forced to import from the Union a great deal more/

- 66 - more grain than has been imported before. I gather that for some years now the average has been something in the neighbourhood of 50,000/70,000 bags and this year it is expected to reach something like a record figure of 100,000 bags. On that quantity alone we have to pay a subsidy of 7/2d. which is really passed back on to the consumer - an African, the poorest in the land who can least afford to foot the bill. The value of imports, I read in your annexure, is something like £250,000, which I think it will be agreed is a very large sum of money. I know that the African is largely responsible for the situation that has arisen and I think the time has come w1'en it is necessary for Government to take some measure and insist that more interest is taken in the direction of greater food production. If we compare the yield today with what it was in former years, I think we will find that it has deteriorated to such a degree that it is almost uneconomical in the circumstances to produce grain today. A big factor in this respect is that the African has not received sufficient education in regard to the value of his land. He still prepares his land under primitive methods and possibly uses the same area year after year and so takes out all fertility. I have no doubt that even the African has felt that conditions are suc that it has become uneconomical for them to produce grain on any extensive basis. There is another reason of course, there is the apathy on the part of the African. The country in the last few years has opened up considerably, we have very much easier access to railheads and to other more remunerative forms of employment, especially in the Union where a great number of Africans are today turning for employment and I feel that Government could allow us stronger or, I should say, a larger Agricultural Department, I know Mr. Bosman with what he has available is doing a great deal of good work, but I think his activities are really confined to the south. In the north where in former years there were large tracts of land under cultivation, all we see today are ravines where the country is becoming eroded and we are losing all the top soil, as has been pointed out to us so frequently. I think it is long past the time for us to take the matter in hand and see if it is not possible to improve the position. I have here a cutting from the "Star" in which we hear of the concern of the Union authorities at the plight of agriculture. , They blame speculative farming and inefficiency for that. Well we have no speculative farming in the territory and I think to a great extent it is lack of interest. and I t'ink that the tribal authorities could do a great deal to assist us in this direction. In doing this they will not only be assisting us but they will be assisting themselves. Another factor that has discouraged them is the low price that they received at one time for their crops. I can recall in Ngamiland when any large quantities of grain could be bought at 2/6d. to 5/- a bag. Those days I will admit the value of goods was also very low and by producing a good lot of grain they were able to get what they required to live on. Although there has been such a rise in cost/

- 67 - cost of living I cannot say that I see the comparison as far as the production of grain is concerned in-the north. They are still using the same primitive methods, but they are not receiving the advice and education which is necessary to increase the yield. In the discussions I had with the Director of Ariculture it was said that the yield in this country was about one bag per acre: if this could be raised to two bags per acre the country would then be able to export. Well Sir, I was also told by our Director that the yield at Mahalapye Experimental Station was something in the neighbourhood of 5 to 6 bags per acre. Your Honour, I dontt think it is unreasonable to expect that we should not find it very difficult to raise our production yield up to something like 21 to 3 bags an acre. There is one very serious aspect and that is the one in regard to the uncertainty of the rainfall. I will admit that we will to a certain extent have to rely in the south on a seasonal rainfall but there I am also told that a type of maize has been produced that can withstand reasonably dry weather. Ngamiland on account of its remoteness, has been neglected and i think the time has arrived for some use to be made of the facilities that are available in that area. There may be difficulties arising over the fact that it is an African Reserve but there again I think that with a little perseverance and understanding even the Africans would welcome an increased output and so be able, if necessary, to assist the needs of the other districts in the territory. There is a big factor too that should not be lost sight of and that is the one of transportation from Ngamiland to the line, but as I have pointed out the cost today of production has not risen in comparison with the cost elsewhere and I do feel that grain could be produced at an economical figure and landed at railhead at a price very much lower than is being paid today by the consumer. I think too that it will be of considerable benefit to the territory if we were able to reverse the position and become an exporting territory: the money that is now being expended for essential foodstuffs would then be circulated in trade and also the traders would not suffer adversely because I have no doubt that they would, to a large extent, be handling the exportable grain supplies. I think you will agree with me that I can stand here for days on end and plead the cause of making the agricultural vote more adequate, but I would not like to bore my colleagues - they have heard what I have had to say in caucus to a certain extent and today, and I would ask them one and all to give their wholehearted support to this motion. MR. ENGLAND: I will second that motion Your Honour. In support of it I would like to stress that at a later stage in the agenda we are going to discuss again the creation of our central granary. A very necessary addition to the Franary is some grain to put in it. I agree entirely that the agricultural level of production in this territory can be considerably increased. It is an extraordinary difficult matter/

- 68 - matter to know just how to do it. I think whether it is our hide and skin industry or our cattle industry or our agricultural industry the same fundamental wrong exists at the root of it all, the African in this country who owns the land and owns the cattle is not the worker of it. Our African friends have got to pet out of the shade of the trees and out of the shade of the kgotla and the main stadts and look after their cattle in their cattle posts. I feel well qualified to speak in support of Mr. Riley for the need of improved agricultural production and I feel also very well qualified in trying to indicate the point at which improvement has got to start. It is a matter for the Education Department, the Veterinary Department, the Agricultural Department and any department of government that has got contact with our people from childhood upwards within the last 25 years, the traditional functions and duties of mother to daughter in things agricultural and from father to son in things pastoral have gone: today the lands in this country are tended by the infirm and the young and similarly so are the cattle posts. I claim the right to join the cattle posts and the lands in this discussion in that unless there is an adequate supply of oxen to pull the plough, the plough cannot till the soil to produce the grain and that is also a very big factor today. The cattle are so ill tended that they are in a much worse condition than they should be at the time when they are required for this work. I would like to tell Council about the old Chief by the name of Goboronyi. I used to see this old gentleman occasionally and I always found him asleep under a tree by his well. I asked him one day why he did not find a more comfortable place in which to sleep and he said "No, I am working vith my cattle, as I sleep I know my children give them water, but if I sleep at the hut they don't give it to them." Those departments of Government that are responsible for education in its widest sense for the African have somehow or other got to be strengthened and placed in a position with regard to staff and transport that they can succeed in making a job of it. Many of them are today doing the best they can and I carnot help feeling that possibly it is the education department rather than that of agriculture that needs the first augmentation if we are to get increased grain supplies. If we had an agricultural-educational side of the general teaching, staffed with a sufficiency of European officers, supervisors and sufficient agricultural teachers so that if it was as necessary to learn agriculture in the schools as it is to learn to read and write, then there might be turned out a community in which the agricultural and veterinary department can work. As it is today, I don't know that to ask to strengthen the agricultural department will achieve more than a certain amount of good but we are looking at this thing on a wide basis and one has got to make the pupil receptive to the doctrine which is being preached to him. In the Bakgatla Reserve there has been a more understanding practice of industrialadministration. I know the Bakgatla people well, they are appreciative of that service, they believe that the Government people do know how to plough and they are becoming increasingly co-operative. I know that not only from reading such literature as the agricultural department may put out, but I know it from personal/

- 69 - personal contact with the Bakgatla. Mr. Riley has not asked for any specific sum but indicated in what way it should be spent, but I can think of no possible expenditure of money that can be of more lasting benefit to the territory than sums spent in all directions to produce this grain which we shil need very much to put in the granary. MR. GLOVER: Your Honour, this motion is after my own heart. I have many times in this Council tried for something on the same lines and also for surveys of Ngamiland, because it is essential for us to produce more grain. I would like to say here, as our Chairman did, that this motion sbhould have been before the Joint Council: however, not having the opoortunity to meet in Joint Council, we must speak here end on occasion, as for instance myself yesterday, onf- has to be extremely long-winded in the hope that what is said here reaches the Africans and we also know that, I think, far more Africans read the European Advisory Council Minutes than Europeans, so hence we must try to reach the African throuah this Council for lack of a Joint Council, but although I agree with this motion, I am of opinion that monev alone is not qoing to improve agriculture in the Bechuanaland Protectorate, we have to start with educating the population and P enuine education can only be. inculcated with the aid of discipline. Improved farminp methods require controlled operations, controlled grazing and methods of apriculture. English political methods do not allow discirline except in the army and navy, hence we see Africans in British Colonies becoming poor on overstocked and eroded lands, disgruntled and ripe for communistic tactics. Southern Rhodesia applies a paternal discipline to safeguard Ufrican lands by destocking, contour ploughing and controlled rrogressive farming. These works need money so I would associate myself with the motion but it will want more than money to improve African farming methods, perhaps one of the most essential items required in t is Protectorate is pride in our country, unity of our bits and pieces and a determination to become self-supporting. If the white man has not this pride and unity, 'ow inspire the many tribes. MR. McLAGGAN: Your Honour, supporting this motion, I lay my head on a block because agricultural subjects in my area are pretty touchy ones, but I do feel that the Agricultural Department has not had a fair opportunity of operating, it has had to contend with numerous difficulties, not the least among which have been prejudice and suspicion witt which it has been regarded, emotions which it has not been able to counter-attack by direct contact with the bulk of the people. The bulk of the population require a good deal of education in agricultural and land management and while the cost of education is high the price of ignorance is ruinous. This education can only be given to a largely illiterate people by practical demonstration and this can only be done by a stronger, more vigorous and lively agricultural department. Mr. /

- 70 - Mr. Riley remarked about the apathy of the producer and seemed to infer that low yield was the most important factor: I-maintain that the customs of the people play a more important part. short of drought, in the poor yields. These customs wil have to be replaced by more progressive ideas and these ideas can only be implanted by the agricultural Department. It is essential to a sound economy that agriculture be developed, that land be better managed, stock better 7razed and our soil conserved. I entirely agree with Mr. Riley's motion and strongly support it. MR. ROYLE: I have listened with interest to the previous speakers, all men with considerable experience in this country. I think we might well consider the Southern Rbodesian attitude. You, Sir, have some idea of the trouble taken by Southern Rhodesia government to educate the native and in some cases to take measures to protect his own food supplies. They have in the reserves there gone to the trouble of having adequate surveys of the ground occupied by different sections of the African community and plotting it out into grazing lands and farming lands and so on and seeing that the conditions they lay down are observed took The headman of each particular area is paid a small sum per annum and he sees to it that cattle don't go grazing over areas defined as ploughing lands and that they do not plough up natural grazing grounds, and they are asked not to concentrate their cattle on one watering place. In a sense each little farm becomes a plot with the headman at the head. I think something like that might be found of service. I can well remember many years ago, as far back as 1907, when in the Tati Territory it was so choc-a-bbck with grain that the district merchants had to get a staff to handle it, it was there by the train-loads and often it would remain there for years because no one knew what to do wit' it. There certainly has been a very considerable increase in the population but by no means sufficient to account for the acute shortage which now exists. You don't see any grain stored as it is produced and sold and consumed. I cannot say much more after what has been said but I am in agreement with all that has been said by the three previous speakers and I support Mr. Riley's motion heartily. MR. VAN GASS: Mr, Chairman I would like to support the motion and do support it heartily but just where to begin is difficult to explain. In my mind I should say the best place to begin would be from the top and not from the bottom. I should suggest that the African Council should be asked to view the matter and have something read to them by government or the agricultural department, pointing out to them the position in which the Africans find themselves evrV now and again, especially in this period where they have to pay a subsidy of 7/4d. a bag on mealie meal coming into the country, and where we find them flocking over to the Union to buy it there in small bits and carrying it over the border and if that is now allowed they are getting it on the other side, and we find them at our cattle posts where perhaps we have two families herding cattle, when we get there/

- 71 - there our rations are taken up and there are three or four families har4ng round each cattle post, which means that they are living on the milk of the cattle that they are herding to survive. Now this is a continual thing and has happened in the past, that this levy was put on imported maize from overseas into the Union and the Union would not allow us that subsidy which they allow the Union people and we have to pay that extra subsidy. Well it seems as if the African Council - I would not blame them but it seems as if they are taken up with higher politics instead of attending to their own people and if they were properly enlightened in that Council to see the starvation of their own people and put to them that it is their duty to look after their bretheren and their own and take it to their headmen and instruct them to see that proper agriculture is taking place in their territory and offer then a subsidy per bag that they produce, the same as they have today to pay to the Union, they might think of producing and getting that extra subsidy and thereby be encouraged to produce the stuff. Well I have not the time and I have not studied the problem but I think our agricultural officers are quite capable and if the government could put something forward to the African Council I think it will do much good in producing grain so that they might have food in times of shortage. Your Honour I heartily support the motion that more money, if possibie or if required, should be put in to assist us in that direction. ACTING RESIDENT COMMISSIONER: Would you like to say something Mr. Bosman? DIRECTOR OF AGRICULTURE: Your Ponour, Gentlemen: I have been very rleased to hear the views expressed on the matter of agriculture in the territory by the various members. It is with some hesitation that I talk because the government already realises the position and if fully aware of my views on the subject and I do not wish to convey the impression that I have been doing any lobbying in support of my department. However, there are a few points on which I would like to further inform members. They are largely points whic' have already been dealt with but which could well be mentioned again. During the last eight years grain food importations amounted to 509,000 bags, at a cost of £935,000, while exports of these products amounted to approximately £70,000 during the same period. The average net cost of grain to the consumers was therefore £110,000 per annum, with a marked upward tendency. The total annual grain requirement of the African population is roughly 500,000 bags of which on an average about 420,000 bags are produced locally, leaving a shortage of about 80, 000 to be met by importation. The average value of the harvest is therefore in the neighbourhood of £OO,000, a fact which is obscured by the concern created/

- 72 - created by the frequent shortages of food and the difficulties experienced in meeting these deficiencies. The significance of the harvest in the economy of the country is not generally recognised because the crop is not exported. The unbelievably low yields obtained by the African are no indication of the agricultural potentialities of this country in which conditions are comparable with those of the Southern Great Plains of the United States where the bulk of that countryts enormous Sorghum crop is produced. A few European farmers have grown crops successfully for some years and their number is now increasing rapidly. The Department of Agriculture has produced good crops every year, including some of the driest seasons recorded during the last twenty years. Extension work has shown the possibility of significantly increasing African production. Grazing, which constitutes the basis of animal production as practised in this country, offers the biggest problem of all. While investigations by this Department show that carrying capacity can be greatly increased by Judicious management maximum returns require the natural grazing to be augmented by feed production on arable land. With increasing human and stock populations, which in many parts are creating an overload on the land with attendant retrogression of vegetation and soil, improved land utilisation wit'h which is included closer relationship between animal and field husbandry, is essential if the prevailing retrogression is to be overcome. This important aspect of the solution to the widespread grazing problem has not been considered because of the backwardness of African agriculture and the lack of facilities for improving conditions. In one reserve less than one per cent of the tax-payers are contacted in extension work, in the other reserves contacts are negligible or nil. Three per cent of the territoryts expenditure is devoted to agriculture. And here I would like to point out that we have been able to do very little in the way of assisting the European farmers. Assistance there has been confined very largely to those cases where the Department has been approached for specific assistance. I know that I should have paid very much more attention to the various European blocks but as I say it has just been impossible owing to lack of facilities. MR. GLOVER: Your Honour, I move that Council goes into committee. MR. RILEY: I second that. Council went into committee at 10.15 a.m. Council/

- 73 - Council resumed at 10.30 a.m. MR. RILEY: Your Honour, I am very gratified at the reception of this motion and I would express appreciation to my colleagues for their interest. When I asked for an amendment to the ntion originally, I did so because there are a lot of other matters involved in the production of grain: we have got to reclaim the land for redistribution of livestock, introduce controls and make the Africans soil conscious and once more prove that the Territory can be transformed into the granary it was formerly, It will be necessary to conserve our water supplies which has been mentioned so many times before, so really this is not a onedepartment effort, it requires the co-ordination of several departments as Mr. England has pointed out - the educational and veterinary departments and also the public works department when it comes to opening up new water holes. So really it requires the concerted effort by all concerned if we are going to make ourselves self-supporting. One very big factor I think that might be borne in mind also is that if we have a well fed population it will possibly reduce crime to a certain extent, particularly stock theft. The Africans in many areas today are driven to the slaughter of stock just to get food. Also if at a later stage we find that we are producing on a very great scale then I have no doubt it could be utilised to great advantage for feeding the cattle which would bring in more revenue. The vote, I have had indicated to me, has been underspent this year but there are reasons for this and I have no doubt that Mr. Bosman has made government well aware of the position. Some of my colleagues mentioned that they did not know where to begin and what area should receive consideration, well I think that we should be guided by Mr. Bosman: he has travelled the Territory extensively and I am quite sure would be in a position to say which would be to the Territory's benefit. There are large areas in the Tati Reserve which could increase their production and I think that every effort should be made as soon as possible to try and improve this position. The interest shown in this debate is in itself an indication of the importance and concern with which Council views the matter and I would ask Government to give the matter urgent consideration. ACTING RESIDENT COMMISSIONER: Those in favour of the motion? Carried unanimously. Gentlemen, well I am very gratified at the interest shown in this and the appreciation shown of the needs of the Agricultural Department. There is no need to convert us: that it has not been possible to do much in the past has been due largely to lack of funds. There are, of course, funds from Colonial Development and Welfare Act which are being used by the Agricultural Department today for expansion work but they come to an end in 1956 unless the Act is renewed and more money made available by the British Parliament. It is a subject in which I have always been/

- 74 been interested because I have always felt that the little more that is needed to make us self supporting, as a first stage, could be achieved without the expenditure of a great deal of money. If you look at it purely from an economic point of view, if we import 100,000 bags of grain the levy is £35,000, even if you only use that or part of that on increasing agricultural services or possibly by using some on the education side, I think it is good business. You would probably get a very good dividend on your £35,000, it is unproductive expenditure. I t,'ink too when we get a granary, stabilization of grain prices will provide more incentive to production than sometimes exists at the moment. We may have various prices fixed by various Native autrhorities right throughout the country. We will take into consideration the usual various arguments put forward by members of Council. I think we agree it is not merely an agricultural problem and that it is one that affects the other departments and I would like to express my appreciation of the motion and the way it 'ias been received by the unofficial members. There is one thing I would like to add particularly in favour of Mr. Riley's amendment of the motion by the addition of those words "including other essential requirements.": you will have seen that there is a great shortage of rice throughout the world at the moment. Countries which export a large quantity of rice, their population has increased and tey have suffered from war damage and they have not got the production wbic!h they had in the pre-war years. The British Government is making available the sum of about three million rounds for investigation into the possibility of rice production in other parts of the Empire where it is not already grown and for pilot production. We have only just received news about ti-is and Mr. Bosman has had a look round a certain area in Ngamiland and he is returning there shortly to do more surveys and there is the possibility that we should get quite a decent grant from the Colonial Development & Welfare Fund to try out rice production on a scale large enough for us to determine whether it will be any good to do it on a very big scale as soon as we put the thing forward. I think it is a bit nebulous at the moment because we don't know what the prospects are up there but they do look fairly hopeful at the moment and that ties up with what you said about the Ngamiland and the possibility of growing crops there that could stand the cost of transport to the railway line. I thought that members might be interested in that. MR. RILEY: Thank you Sir. No. 16 Sir. CENTRAL GRANARY. MR. ENGLAND: I move: "That Government inform Council of progress made towards setting up a Central Granary System." MR. GLOVER: I second that motion Your Honour. DIRECTOR/

- 75 - DIRECTOR OF AGRICULTURE: Your 'Ronour, Gentlemen: the matter of the erection of a granary to be run in conjunction with the milling project was raised some time ago. It has not simply been a matter of obtaining plans and carrying on with the erection of the granary and mill. The delay that has occurred is due to the fact that it is desirable to find a more economical means of storing grain because of the very considerable increases in the costs in the construction of a standard silo type of granary. Those of you who are not acquainted with the design of the silo type of granary will be interested to see this cut away plan. The need for a more economical method of storing grain has been felt in other countries including the Union and the Rhodesias and these countries are at the moment investigating the possibilities of reducing the cost of granary construction and we are in communication with most of those countries and should benefit from the result of their findings. We have had every co-operation in this investigation and we hope to reach finality in the near future. The delay is occasioned primarily by the necessity to find a cheaper type of granary; the method of handling and milling the grain is standardised. We have recently considered the possibility of erecting the granary on the side of a hill at Mahalapye for the purpose of reducing cost of construction and the Director of Public Works will investigate this proposal. That is the position as it stands at the moment. The cheapes form of construction that the Union authorities can offer us at the moment would cost about £85,000, including the mill but excluding additional working capital. MR. ENGLAND: Your Honour, I would thank Mr. Bosman for the vyork he has put into this on behalf of Council. Having waited so long perhaps we can wait a little longer in the hope of the most economical and best plan coming to light, but it is only a matter of losing money either way and unless a more economical plan comes to light in the next six or nine months, I think it would be in the best interests of the Territory if we face the somewhat more expensive plan, but get aoing. I don't regard £85,000 or £100,000 as any sum of money at all when we have just been listening to what the year's shortfall of grain cost us. The working capital is no bugbear, that can be raised easily enough by a working loan Council has noted the progress that government has made towards the erection of this granary and I think Sir now, with the permission of my seconder, I beg to withdraw the motion. MR. GLOVER: Yes, I agree to that. ACTING RESIDENT COMMISSIONER: The motion is withdrawn. MR. RILEY: No. 17 Sir. HOSTEL/

- 76 - HOSTEL - LOBATSI SCHOOL. MR. GLOVER: Your Honour I was informed by parents of children at school in the Transvaal, both in Gaberones and in the Lobatsi districts, that they had been warned by the Transvaal Education authorities that hostel facilities would not be available for their children and they would have to make other arrangements. The schools were closed at the time when we had to send our items for the agenda and I had no time to clieck up, in fact it was not quite possible to check up then, but later I have heard that the hostel is now available for these Protectorate children and my request falls away and I wish to withdraw the motion. ACTING RESIDENT COMMISSIONER: Yes, well that is withdrawn. MR. RILEY: No. 18 Sir. EXTRA TERRITORIAL EDUCATION OF EUROPEAN C!hILDREN. MR. ENGLAND: I move: "That the extra territorial education of European children be further considered." This matter has been raised in Council on various occasions and Mr. Gardiner has been able to do quite a lot towards getting suitable facilities for us, both from the northl and from the south. These facilities, however, are not very well known to the people in the Protectorate. It may be remembered that at the last meeting of Council I asked that Government should make this widely available. I gather that this was done by means of circulars issued to District Commissioners. On the fact of it means of dissemination to the public ought to work but I am afraid it has not. I would like to ask Mr. Gardiner to state the case so that it can be recorded in these minutes, which have a certain circulation and it is possible that that may succeed in getting the knowledge we desire to have more widely known. Mr. Gardiner yesterday agreed kindly to let me have 50 copies of the circular which I will try to get to the right quarters. The facilities for education exist providing a certain formula is carried out and I think we should endeavour to get that more widely known. MR. MCLAGGAN: I second that motion. PRINCIPAL EDUCATION OFFICER: Your Honour, gentlemen: the position is unchanged from last year. In both the Union and Southern Rhodesia there is a shortage not so much of school room accommodation but of all boarding accommodation. In the case of/

- 77 - of the Union first, we have the right of admission of our children after provincial requirements are satisfied, i.e., in the Transvaal our children are admitted after the Transvaal needs are satisfied. We have the same privileges as children from the other Union provinces and Rhodesia. For Union schools parents must themselves apply to the individual institution for admission. In Southern Rhodesia the system has been much better defined. Rhodesian children are admitted to primary boarding institutions only if the parents live more than three miles away from a suitable school. In the case of higher education - high schools - Rhodesian children are admitted only if they live more than five miles away from a suitable institution. The Protectorate and Nyasaland are both given second priority to Rhodesian children, but every application must be submitted to the Education Department in Mafeking and each application must be approved by this Education Department and the recommendation sent to the Secretary for European Education at Salisbury. After approval for admission is granted the parents may then apply for admission to the individual school. These applications are not considered by the school until the beginning of October in the year before which Pdmission is required, i.e. if the admission is required for 1953 applications from here will not be considered until the 1st October of this year. In every case I would recommend admission if there are no suitable facilities in the Protectorate. In the case of ill health I would also recommend, but I could not recommend in a case where there are suitable Protectorate facilities available, i.e. if a child lives in Francistown next door to the school and the child in in Standard III, I could not then recommend admission to a Rhodesian boarding school because a Rhodesian child living in similar circumstances would not be admitted. Rhodesian facilities apply only to the Northern Protectorate and not to the Southern Protectorate. MR. ENGLAND: I thank Mr. Gardiner for his reoly and I will again urge upon him the great necessity to be most liberal in his interpretation of our possible requirements. I would not ask you to go a-ainst your conscience to the detriment of Southern Rhodesia, but i do think that although the academic standard of a school like Francistown is without question, the trouble is the inervating effects of the climate and the dangerous state of the dust at this time of the year brfore the rains have fallen. I know of only one school in the Protectorate, that of Lobatsi, that I regard as even situated in reasonably healthy conditions, all the others are subject to a storm of dust from the African locations laden with all the filth we know exists and the Director of Medical Services will tell you that the incidence of diseases amongst children who are suffering from the stress of early educ-tion in these centres are much higher than they are in other civilised centres where reasonable rublic health regulations are carried out. I agree we have no right to ask for that but we will still ask you to stretch your conscience wherever you can. It is not a deficiency of the Education Department, it is the deficiency not even of the beloved land we live in but it is due to the prevailing circumstances. ACTING/

ACTING RESIDENT COMISSIONER: I put the motion to the vote. Carried unanimously. ACTING RESIDENT COMMISSIONER: The debate has been given consideration and Vou have the answer from Mr. Gardiner. I don't think there will be anything more to that. Council adjourned at 11 a.m. Council resumed at 11.15 a.m. MR. RILEY: No. 19 from Mr. England. BAMANGWATO COLLEGE. MR. ENGLAND: Your "onour, I beg to withdraw this motion, since there is at the moment no properly constituted authority in the Bamangwato Reserve, ACTING RESIDENT COMMISSIONER: The motion is withdrawn. MR. RILEY: No. 20 Sir. FENCING AND PUBLIC ROADS IN THE TATI TERRITORY. MR. ROYLE: Your Honour and Gentlemen, a situation has arisen in the Tati Territory which seems likely to cause considerable trouble in the future unless steps are taken to deal with it. Approximately all the land west of the railway line as far as the Bamangwato area on the Shashi has been taken up and a considerable number of new settlers are arriving in the country. Several of them have taken up land up to 65,000 acres. These men are fencing and they are cutting off the roads. Now you can easily visualise that if the railway runs north and south with the Shashi River approximately parallel with it you are cutting off all the main roads into the Bamangwato Aeserve as well as those in the Tati Territory. One road in particular was closed by being fenced and Natives went to the Resident Commissioner and he rais-d the point with me. It will be seen that once we get on to the matter of roads it is a very touchy subject because there is the maintenance of those roads which are to be recognised as public roads - there are too many to recognise the whole lot. From each siding along the rail road you get roads near the border into the Bamangwato Reserve, so that it looks as though/ - 78 -

- 79 - though there will be considerable trouble in the not too distant future. I would suggest that a board or commission of some sort or other be authorised to go into the question. It seems to me to be the only possible solution to decide which roads are to be considered as public roads and which are to be closed if the owners of land wish to do so. MR. VAN GASS: Mr. Chairman I would like to second the motion and I support it because we settlers know of strangers coming to a new area who sometimes find more roads crossing their property than is really necessary, and it is a very difficult matter to leave it to the settler alone to decide which roads he is going to close and which roads are to be used and especially if those roads were not declared by Government. If it were Government roads that were declared then of course there is an authority where you could go and ask them to close the road, but when there is no road that has been declared and there are five or six running over your property, you don't know which of those you have 7ot to leave to serve the public the best, and evidently you close roads that you should not have closed. We have the same trouble in the Tuli Block, we have had it for years and we have continually brought this matter up to government and I have put the question again this year. I might read the question to enlighten Council, but we find that unless the government proclaim the road so that we have a road, we are at sea because this man wants this road and the next one wants that and you find that that one is closing that road and he wants a road there, and there is a continual trouble to people closing wrong roads and that is why I have been asking government a number of times to have the Tuli Block roads surveyed so that we will know where the road is and where we will have to put our gates and our grids and as the position is today there are people claiming the existing little bit of road as a main road and they are fencing both sides of the road with the result that by the time the government gets there to survey it those fences are quite out of position and I might read that question and answer and then I could explain: Q. With the delay in surveying and proclaiming a road from Selika to the Shashi in the Northern Tuli Block, will Government be prepared to bear the expense incurred in dismantling and re-erecting fences at present being erected by farmers in cases where the fences will interfere with the construction of road when surveyed in the future? A. The contingency does not arise because if and when a new road is eventually surveyed and constructed, it will be located so as not to interfere with existing boundary fences. Where the road cuts a fence, a 12 foot swing gate will be provided and the farmer will be responsible for its subsequent maintenance. Further the question was raised and put to the farmers' meeting that several farmers are fencing the road on/

- 80 - on different farms and they recommended that if the road was going to be surveyed and made available for motor services, it will be difficult because it will interfere with the fences. We are not talking of boundaries, we are talking of camps and the fencing of roads as they go through these camps and I am sure that once government start to survey it will come across these long fences and I am afraid it will interfere withraking a road and then who will bear the expense? Will government look to the farmer to take those fences down and re-erect them or is it according to law that government should bear the expense? So it is getting difficult year after year and the sooner the roads are surveyed and proclaimed by government the better for the Territory. Therefore I most heartily support the motion. DIRECTOR OF PUBLIC WORKS: Your Honour and Gentlemen, I speak subject to correction, but there is provision for the establishment of road committees in various districts. The District Commissioner is the convenor and there are representatives of the European and African Advisory Councils and the Public Works Department nominated to serve thereon. I do feel that the only way to sort out the difficulties that Mr. Hoyle has brought to Council's notice is for the local roads committee to function as intended and to decide on the spot what roads are necessary to serve the public and to be proclaimed as public roads. The position in the Tati Concession at the moment is, I am afriad, that most of the roads that radiate from the sidings and stations to serve the area west of the Tati and Shashi Rivers are not public roads. They are just roads that have arisen from usage over a number of years but they are not proclaimed as public roads. Therefore I suggest that the correct way of solving the problem is for a local committee to be constituted and to sort the matter out on the spot, investigate the requirements of the area and decide what roads are necessary and then take steps to proclaim them as public roads. The same procedure I would suggest would be the correct method to deal with the Tuli Block to overcome the difficulties placed before the Council by the member for the Tuli Block. MR. ROYLE: I am very grateful to Mr. van Gass for his support of my motion and it does much to strengthen the case. With regard to Mr. Davies' explanation, I did not know there was provision for boards. ACTING RESIDENT COMMISSIONER: I don't think there is actually. MR. ROYLE: I understand there is such a thing as a right of way by means of many years' use. Many of these roads have been in use up to 40 or 50 years and I don't know what the position is. I suggest that we thoroughly investigate it through a committee appointed by government, and therefore I should like to move: "That owing to the considerable increase in the farming/

- al - farming population of the Tati Territory, Government considers the position in regard to fencing and public roads." ACTING RESIDENT COMMISSIONER: Those in favour? Carried unanimously. ACTING RESIDENT COPRII3SIONER: Well gentlemen, as far as the Tati is concerned, we will certainly get in touch with the District Commissioner and I think probably he might ask the Farmers' Association to nominate somebody to serve on the local committee and I think perhaps Mr. Davies should be represented on it and possibly the Tati Company, and this local body can go round and put up these recommendations to government for the declaration of such public roads as they think should be retained and for the closing of some of these large tracts which have become unnecessary. As far as the Tuli Block is concerned, that part of the country is not mentioned in the motion, but I can see Mr. van Gass' difficulty and all I can say on it is that as soon as we can spare a Surveyor we will get somebody there to indicate the line which any new road would take. DIRECTOR OF PUBLIC WORKS: That is all we can do at the moment. MR. RILEY: No. 22 Sir. AGREEMENT WITH COLONIAL DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION. MR. ENGLAND: I move: "That Council be informed of the progress made towards finalising the various agreements with the Colonial Development Corporation and the arrangements made for the commencement of the Lobatsi Abattoir." I think Sir I can best deal with this question for the purpose of recording now, by giving a resume of our discussions in caucus with the gentlemen yesterday. We had Sir, as you know, the pleasure and assistance of meeting Mr. Mitchell, the Regional Director of the Corporation Mr. Walker, who is the London Office member and Mr. Mc~regor, who is Director of the Lobatsi Abattoir, and we were very grateful to these gentlemen for coming here and for clearing up the many outstanding points the principal of which I think was one question of the basis of payment and, after considering the matter from all angles, Council agreed to accept a ten years' payment basis on Johannesburg parity in place of the rather nebulous proposal that the price paid was to fluctuate according to whatever might or might not be the higher market and we feel that from the point of view of the country - I hope our constituents will think the same . we/

- 82 - we have thrown away the shadow and seized the substance, and we also feel that it is a square deal both ways. I do not think that the other basis was a possible commercial proposition for the abattoir. We also considered the question of the utilization of agents at Lobatsi and the payment for their services, The Corporation have now accepted the fact that agents of the producers will operate there the same as they do today in Johannesburg. For an initial period of three years the Corporation has agreed to allow collecting the basic price an amount which will equal l% on the turnover, which is in fact equivalent to half the fees normally charged by agents for their services, the other 1t% on turnover making a total of 2% which is the fee charged by agents, will have to be found by the producers. The Corporation had never contemplated in spite of what had been told them, that the agents would be employed and in working out that basis they had obviously taken that 21% into their calculations and it was not possible in debate to shift them from the argument that they were more or less justified in retaining it. At the end of this three year initial period, presumably, Government and Council will have to meet the Corporation again and see what sort of a deal we can make for the future, I think Council were very impressed with both Mr. Mitchell and Mr. Walker: Mr. Mitchell was a very pleasant Regional Director, Mr. Walker who had to do the work, I think impressed us and claimed our co-operation to a degree that no other official of the Colonial Development Corporation has yet done. I would like to record that very emphatically. We as a Council and the country have got rather tired of the very offhand and not very consistent attitude of the different people we have had to deal with. I think we feel that with Mr. Walker we have got a straight deal. The opening date of the Lobatsi Abattoir, I think, had better be circulated by the Corporation at a fairly early date. There are all sorts of stories going about the country - it is going to open in December, it is going to open in June, it is going to open in April, or even that it is never going to open and these Minutes will circulate too late for this information to be conveyed therein, but for such use as it is, we gathered from the Corporation that they would commence a pilot killing probably with some of their own cattle in January, that the United Kingdom had guaranteed them delivery of enough plant in the immediate future to enable them to get a start and that the additional plant that they would requirerwas really in the nature of stand-by plant and they would be able to kill to capacity without it for a couple of months if they had started. I think my record is more or less in accordance with what happened. So that would mean that commercial killing would take place at Lobatsi from approximately the first or second week in February. A further point which the country is in considerable need of enlightenment on, is the exact method of allocating cattle to the abattoir. We know that the Director of Veterinary Services is going to allocate a quota on the same basis as he does today to Johannesburg, but to the public at large there is still considerable confusion and Council would/

- 83 - would ask that this information also be brought home thoroughly throughout the country. I think that with these remarks which will be recorded the purpose of this resolution has been served and that I can now, with your permission Sir, ask for it to be withdrawn. ACTING RESIDENT COMMISSIONER: Thank you Mr. England. The motion is withdrawn, but I would like to take this opportunity of thanking the Council for all the help which it has given government in the preparation of the agreement, particularly the Abattoir Agreement, with the Colonial Development Corporation. The agreement and the terms of it are of course of vital importance to members of Council, but I appreciate the spirit of give and take in whic you have argued it not only with Government but with the Corporation's officials, and I will certainly pass on your remarks about the way in which they met you and discussed matters with you yesterday; we for our part are very glad that there has been such a very happy outcome to yesterday's discussion after a long period of negotiation and counter- negotintion. Thank you. MR. RILEY: No. 23, Mr. Royle Sir. FRANCISTOWN HOSPITAL. MR. ROYLE: Your Honour, I move: "'That the hospital at Francistown being very inadequate for present and growing needs, Government considers the provision of a new hospital on a more suitable site and the conversion of the existing building into an administrative block of offices." Now Sir, I have recently spent a few days as a patient in the Francistown Hospital and subsequently I had to pay quite a few Visits to the dispensary - this all apart from the fact that I often go up there on odd occasions for various reasons, so that I know fairly well what is going on. At the hospital the medical and nursing attention left nothing whatever to be desired but, from what I have observed and from such information as I can gather, the conditions under which they are working - both the nursing and medical staff leaves much to be desired. At the dispensary the conditions under which the medical officers are working almost beggars description: sitting around on the ground were anything from 100 to 150 unfortunate natives waiting their turn to be examined, no shelter or protection from the weather and this goes on day after day. Whenever I go up there I see this depressing crown squatting on the ground round the kaytor huts, The buildings are dilapidated and much too small. Two kaytor huts, one apparently a storeroom which contains medical supplies, usually it should be fairly substantial and well built and free from dust and that sort of thing, has a door the bottom panel of which is almost broken away so you can see through it. The dispensary consists of three or four small/ small rooms; two of them are usually crowded with native patients who are beinp treated for cuts and bruises and many others are lying all over the place and you have to sort of work you way through these to get to see the medical officers, one on one side of the building and the other on the other, and in these two poky little rooms the two medical officers are, above the noise and turmoil around them, working against time to find out what is wrong with the numerous patients. This goes on day after day and I marvel that the doctors do not go mad, because I have often told our M.O. Dr. Morgan that my job is not too nice but I wouldn't have his for all the tea in China. It is depressing in the extreme. T'his obviously means that they cannot give the care and concentration so necessary in their work. The Senior Medical Officer has kindly supplied me with a few figures - these are they: The first attendances in 1951 amounted to 14,410: subsequent attendances 12,234 - total' attendances 27,644 - that is quite a considerable number of patients. There were besides vaccinations 6,352: then vaccinations 2,128 inoculations 6 920, in-patients 1,297, major operations 260, minor operations 502 and x-rays 315, which is a fair indication of the amount of work which is being done there under very difficult circumstances. With so much local work, the outlying districts are bound to be neglected, they have not the time to attend to it, and therefore the outsiders suffer. Now as for the hospital itself, why it was placed on the present site I do not know but I can hardly conceive a more unsuitable site. The hill at Francistown is probably the steepest along the whole line of rail from Mafeking to Bulawayo, and it is a very steep climb from the station. It is also on a sharp curve, which makes it more difficult to get up. The result is the trains trying to climb the rise and negotiate the curve more often than not fail to do it, and if they don't do it there is a terrific din and slipping of wheels and then they very often have to back down again and charge at it with everything going full blast. Now the hospital is situated approximately half way up the hill and it borders the hospital grounds - I don't think it is 100 yards - I am sure it is not, it is about 70 to 80 yards away from the actual road. Trains from the north in the opposite direction start to whistle warning their approach just about 100 yards on the north side of the hospital and they continue it until they get down to the station, so that you have got a continual din, there being about 24 trains a day, going on day and night. The effect on sick people can be imagined. This is along the east side, and alongthe south and the west side the main road to the camp goes, and that road carries a considerable amount of traffic. I notice there is a cut across to the people living at the Monarch Mine and there is more or less a continuous stream of vehicles going either way from the camp or to the camp. Now Sir, the Director of Medical Services has, I think, been aware for a long time of the necessity for a complete new medical unit at Francistown. This has not developed into reality owing to financial stringency during and after the last war when the grant approved by the Colonial Development Fund had to be withdrawn. Expansion in the Tati Territory has been very considerable/ - 84 - - 85 - considerable and looks like continuing and what was highly desirable ten years ago is now a very urgent necessity. The senior medical officer with 15 years' experience at Francistown, realising that economy was important, has asked for as few major alterations as possible. I understand that he has in his report, and by other means, stressed that the medical unit at present is overtaxed by reason of the lack of accommodation and personnel and in view of the everincreasing attendances, provision of a new hospital and outpatients' department, even if financial stringencies still exist, have now become one of urgent priority. Enlargement of the existing hospital is not practicable. It has been described by those well qualified to judge as ill conceived and badly sited. The Department of Works officials have pointed out that although alterations and additions could possibly be effected the expense would not be justified. I wish to point out that the existing buildings could be used as a block of offices for the use of other departments which will have to have increased accommodation before long, that is the police, the education department and the veterinary department. Their premises are small and cramped and in the case of the education department and the police they are very very old having been there some 40 or 50 years and they are quite unsuited now for public requirements. I would like to say in conclusion that the Director of Medical Services was himself for several years Medical Officer of Francistown and he knows the difficulties and is, I understand, in thorough agreement with this motion. Gentlemen I cannot just express how I feel about those natives squattino: round that place in the pouring rain and the heat trying to get shelter. It is a very hi-ghly undesirable condition and I trust something will be done to remedy it. MR. ENGLAND: Your Honour, I will second this motion of Mr. Royle's. I also know the Francistown Hospital and I have known it for a long time. I have always managed to keep out of it and I hope more than ever that I will be able to do so under the conditions that Mr. Royle has described. He has not exaggerated in any way. Francistown has grown and the fact that I think can be emphasised is that Francistown has learnt to understand the white man's medicine. In the early days it was most difficult to get the African to appreciate the services at Francistown at all, but we have had a succession of medical officers there who have cultivated the African well, inspired his confidence and the amount of people coming there for all forms of treatment is out of all proportion to what it is possible to provide. The only thing to do is as and when possible to provide an entirely new hospital sited on some better and more suitable site. That is a layman's opinion of the situation and I think we should very much like to hear what the Director of Medical Services has to say, but I do not think that he can do otherwise than substantiate even more fully what we have said. ACTING RESIDENT COMMISSIONER: Gentlemen, the Director of Medical Services is not/ - 86 - not a member of Council for this session - as you know, we have six official members and they are appointed by the Resident Commissioner generally with regard to what is on the Agenda. The item we are now discussing is part of a supplementary agenda which we received after these members of Council had been appointed and I suggest therefore that we go into committee to allow him to speak and we can summarise afterwards his views. Will somebody propose that? MR. RILEY: I propose that. Council went into committee at 12 o'clock. Council resumed at 12.25 p.m. ACTING RESIDENT COMMISSIONER: Well gentlemen, as you have heard in committee, I think there is no doubt from what Dr. Freedman has told us that the present hospital is more than inadequate and that there is a very urgent need for a new building, a fully equipped hospital, in Francistown. The difficulty is, as you know, one of finance. We have been told that a suitable hospital would cost something like £60,000 and I don't know where we can get that money at the moment. It has been suggested by members of Council that possibly local people might be prepared to contribute something, possibly on the pound for pound principle and I think I can say on behalf of government that we would welcome any assistance on these lines given by the local people, and large organizations which have an interest in Francistown and its medical services. Put briefly that summarises the discussions in committee. Would you like to say something more Mr. Royle? MR. ROYLE: No, I don't think so. The matter has been adequately aired and I would like to thank Dr. Freedman very much for the information he has given me and I would like to thank Mr. England for the valuable suggestion he has made and I will see what I can do when I get back to get something moving in the way of subscriptions from various organizations. At the same time I do hope that government will not lose sight of the fact that the matter is extremely urgent and that something will have to be done in the very near future towards making a start. I don't think there will be much difficulty about the site - I am quite sure the Tati Company will provide a site. There is an excellent site away from the railway and away from the din. Finance is of course difficult and at the same time you could save some money by using the building for such other premises as would have to be considered for re-building. ACTING RESIDENT COMMISSIONER: Those in favour of the motion? Carried unanimously. FRANCISTOWN/

FRANCISTOWN JAIL. MR. ROYLE: Your Honour, I wish to move: "That as the jail at Francistown is inadequate for present needs and in too close proximity to other government buildings and residences, a new jail on a more suitable site be considered by Government." This Sir is also a matter which has been brought to my notice by the Medical Officer at Francistown and I take it also by Dr. Freedman. The thing is that you have built quite a lot of nice houses in Francistown lately and we have got the old jail which is inadequate for the number of prisoners due to the increase in population in the district and also it was put to me not so long ago the District Commissioner came down in the middle of the night and he wanted to know what had happened. They had two drunks who had had a fight there, and occasionally they have lunatics It is not nice to have them right in the centre with the houses round about. That is tied up with the other buildings which are now old, inadequate and thoroughly unsuitable for present needs. I just leave it at that. MR. ENGLAND: I second that. ACTING RESIDENT COMMISSIONER: Gentlemen, I am not very well up in the affairs of the Francistown Jail but I think there is a question of building a new jail at Gaberones - it needs it more than Francistown as it is a dreadful place. Really I feel that this sort of expenditure - we may be forced into it - is unproductive expenditure, and while there is a need for hospitals or the expansion of agricultural services or veterinary services, I feel that jails have a very poor claim on the funds that we have available. As I say, where they are really bad in one or two cases, we may be forced just through motives of common humanity to improve conditions, but I would, as far as I personally am concerned, give the provision of new prison accommodation a low priority in allocating the funds which we have to spend. Mr. Royle would you like to say anything more, and would you like to put the motion to the vote? MR. ROYLE: No, I don't think it is necessary, but I agree with you that I would rather see hospitals dealt with and the jail could quite well be left to some more suitable time. MR. RILEY: No. 25 Sir, Mr. Royle. BANK BRANCHES AND AGENCIES. MR. ROYLE: I move: "$at/ - 87 - "lThat in view of the considerable expansion in commerce and farming in the Protectorate, particularly in the north, Government be requested to endeavour to get the various banks interested in opening branches or agencies in the more important centres." This is a matter which I have been asked by the Chamber of Commerce to bring forward; in Francistown there is a very urgent need for a bank at the present time. The place is expanding very rapidly, and we think: that there is room for a branch or an agency in Francistown, but we think that it could be extended further and that the Government could possibly help by inviting the various banks concerned to consider the establishment of branches or agencies in other centres - Palapye for instance or Mahalapye. They don't need a permanent bank in Maun and they might put a branch at Francistown and send down to Maun and Palapye and Mahalapye about once or twice a week. A similar sort of arrangement exists at present in Lobatsi, they have both banks there, the Standard and the other. They have already approached the Standard Bank who at one time had a branch there during the time the Monarch Mine was working, but it would be a matter of very great convenience to the general public, because we have some very big concerns now operating there and particularly for people in Mr. Riley's area who would also like to have a bank somewhat nearer where they could get money out and pay it in without having to send to Bulawayo and they could even have a branch up there from say Francistown and a man to visit it once or twice a week or something like that there may be a plane service, but that is as it may be. +heir letter to the Standard Bank read:"There has been a great expansion of commerce and farming in the northern portion of the Protectorate and a move of this nature would be welcomed by the Ngamiland residents as well as several stations on the line. In fact if a Branch was established in Francistown it might be profitable to operate an agency from here at Seruli, Palapye, Serowe and Mahalapye." So we are merely asking you at the present time to consider approaching the banks and letting them know that that is the opinion there and see what can be done. MR. MCLAGGAN: I second that motion. ACTING RESIDENT CO]VIISSIONER: Well gentlemen, we will certainly approach the banks to open a branch in Francistown and I think the government would make use of it if a branch were started and that might be some inducement. But I very much doubt whether, having got a branch at Francistown, they would open agencies down the line. I have heard it said that the agencies run by the banks at Lobatsi are not dividend- paying undertakings and they did it for the convenience of their customers. If that is the position at Lobatsi I think the losses would be far greater at any other place down the line from Francistown to Gaberones. However, we will approach them to see whether they will help. Do you wish to put that to the vote Mr. Royle? MR. ROYLE: I think we might. Carried unanimously. MR. RILEY: May we take No. 27? IMPORTS AND EXPORTS BETWEEN NEIGHBOURING TERRITORIES AND THE BECHUANALAND PROTECTORATE. MR. ENGLAND: Your Honour and Council, I move: "That Government take adequate steps to ensure to this territory a proper proportion of the imports ordinarily obtainable from our neighbours and further to ensure that they, on the other hand always take a reasonable amount of our normal exports." The situation has arisen in the last few months to a year wherein we have not got we think, our reasonable share of those commodities which we ordinarily import from our neighbours. Due to drought, and in some cases other conditions, there has been an acute shortage of sugar, dried milk, tinned milk and things of that description, and in most cases this territory has been almost completely cut off from supplies as milk and sugar are no particular government department s concern it is rather difficult to see how one would get at them. What has actually happened is that with the shortage of supplies, that which has been available has been circulated at the points nearer to production than any amount that has been sent further afield. The Sugar Association in the Union have reduced quotas for everyone, both in the territories and in the Union equally, but the wholesalers in making the wholesale distribution have definitely penalised the Protectorate purchasers in favour of their Union purchasers. Mealie meal which we have been hearing so much about and unfortunately buying so much, is situated at various points in the Union and there seems to be a very unfortunate coincidence that most of the supplies which we have had to draw have come from the opposite ends of Africa to ourselves, in other words, we used to draw largely our supplies from Vryburg, we now find a large amount of our supplies comes from the Free State and Pretoria and we have reason to believe that the maize and maize meal from this side of the world has not come up to expectations. The other side of the picture is the acceptance of our exports. Now we know that the Union markets have been flooded with cattle and sheep due to drought conditions - farmers have wanted to throw stock on to those markets rather than see them die, and in some ways it is natural that the Union should give their farmers preference. I know that some of their own Transvaal people have been waiting for permits for cattle for months, but in the case of the sheep/ - 89 - - 90 - sheep and goat market, we have had complete exclusion for something like five months now and this is likely to continue for several months more. The Union have been very glad to get our cattle and our sheep and goats at most times. There have been times when they have come up here and implored Government to endeavour to alter the drift from Rhodesia to the Union - cattle which would ordinarily go to the Rhodesian market. They have implored this Government to do anything to get edible livestock down to the Union, and I can't help feeling there should have been no exclusion of our sheep and goats from the market. We should have been entitled to some proportion daily, weekly, monthly - it might not have been very great but a certain number we should have been allowed to let out. I find difficulty in knowing just what to suggest we should do. His Honour, the Resident Commissioner, has got no economic adviser outside the fields of agriculture and livestock. On the livestock side presumably through the Meat Board one might be able to make stronger representations against the curtailment of the sheep but just how to get at the curtailment of the necessary supplies of commodities other than mealie meal, I don't know. Mealie meal you can probably tackle through the Maize Board through our own Maize Controller, but the insufficiency of processed milk is a thing that I have seen happening now for several years and there are parts of this country that are completely dependent upon a proper amount of this commodity. We in our turn agree not to import from overseas markets to the detriment of Union producers and manufacturers or our currency and customs arrangements with the Union. We could obtain supplies from overseas that would be adequate and it would be no more costly than those obtained from the Union and it is possible through the medium of whoever arranges import control that that is the line to approach. Adequacy of these particular commodities is most necessary to us. That whale oil products, such as cooking fat, has also had a tendancy to fade off the market lately. I have been unable to puzzle out just what the solution is and I can only bring to Government the information that these shortages exist in the country and ask that you would think which of your officers might be able to do something and to investigate the matter. I think possibly the line of import control is one we might take. If we did not restrict the importation of powdered milk from some countries, which we principally do in fact to protect the Union's industry in powdered milk, not as a currency measure, we could get the powdered milk; similarly we can get the canned milk and that we don't do so is certainly to play in with the Union import control. There used to be in the High Commissioner's office in Pretoria a most useful gentleman who was afterwards knighted - His Majesty's Trade Commissioner - I can't call to mind his name at the moment, but some years ago when we were in similar trouble, I remember seeking his assistance and he was quite helpful and he certainly got going and it went much better for a couple of years. ACTING RESIDENT COMMISSIONER: His name was Peters? MR. ENGLAND: Yes. ACTING/

- 9-1 - ACTING RESIDENT COMMISSIONER: He is still there. MR. ENGLAND: I therefore move Sir accordingly. MR. RILEY: I second that. ACTING RESIDENT COMMISSIONER: Any other members like to speak? DIRECTOR OF AGRICULTURE: Your Honour, gentlemen: I think we will have to investigate the points of consignment of the maize imported into the Territory before we can take the matter up. Our application would have to be based on that. In the case of mealie meal I don't think the trouble arises. ACTING RESIDENT COMMISSIONER: Mealie meal or mealies? DIRECTOR OF AGRICULTURE: Mealies are consigned under the direction of the Director of the Control Board and in most cases mealie meal can be ordered from any particular source required by the importer. MR. ENGLAND: Mr. Bosman is correct, but the trouble is it is just not there. There is considerable delay in its arrival in the Territory now and you can order it from wherever you like to order but if it is not there it does not help you. If you cannot get it at Vryburg, you have to order it from a Johannesburg or another broker and he might allocate it from the far end of the Free State, and I am told that although you can buy all the coupons you like from Mr. Bosman - there is no restriction whatsoever in buying coupons it is a very different thing to convert your coupons into mealie meal. An institution like the Premier Milling Company in Johannesburg, which might not be very well situated but which produces excellent meal, has got to tell many people to wait. A little mill like the Koster mill has not got a spare bag to send out to customers. Those particular two I happen to know from personal experience. MR. FINCHAM: May I refer to this matter? Mr. England is correct in the matter of short supplies. The mills have had such terrific demands that they cannot cope with it. They have not been able to cope with the abnormal demand both in and out of the Union. ACTING RESIDENT COMMISSIONER: Have you had difficulty with tinned milk? MR./ 92 - MR. FINCHAM: I have but the reply to that is that there are no stocks availabie. ACTING RESIDENT COMMISSIONER: Gentlemen, we will do what we can to go into this. As I say, it is a bit difficult to know where to start and we have to be sure of our facts before we ask Sir William Peters, the British Government Trade Commissioner who is the best person to do so - to take this up on our behalf, but we will go into it straight away and provided we have sufficient ammunition on which to base the case we will ask him to take it up. MR. ENGLAND: May we go into committee? ACTING RESIDENT COMMISSIONER: Yes, certainly. Council went into committee at 12.55 p.m. Council resumed at 12.58 p.m. ACTING RESIDENT COMMISSIONER: Those in favour of the motion? Carried unanimously. ACTING RESIDENT COMMISSIONER: Shall we adjourn now until half past two? Council adjourned at 12.59 p.m. Council resumed at 2.45 p.m. MR. RILEY: No. 21 Sir. VETERINARY DEPARTMENT. MR. ENGLAND: Your Honour, I move: "That Council urge on Government the necessity of a strong Veterinary Department, full and well staffed, adequately equipped and furnished with sufficient and proper transport so that the proper routine animal health requirements of the Territory can regularly be taken care of, as well as being able to cope with any emergency that may from time to time arise." The/

- 93 - The Territory Sir, is indebted to Government for the considerable improvements that have been made in the veterinary arrangements in the Territory over the last few months but it fears that possibly these improvements have not yet gone far enough and there is a vital factor affecting, Council realises, all the technical departments, particularly today, but one has had to single out the one which is perhaps the most vital to us if it goes wrong as was said in Council either yesterday or the day before, tAe whole economy of the Protectorate depends on the cattle industry being kept in a running state. Now Council gathers that there is the greatest of difficulty not only in recruiting veterinary officers but in keeping them once Government has already succeeded in getting them here. I think in the last few years something like 13 have been recruited and 12 have gone - two of those admittedly have gone through promotion to other spheres - it is even possible that they may have been some of our greatest losses and Council feel that something has got to be done to stop this drainage from the Territory of the people that we need so badly. We understand that one of the chief difficulties in keeping officers, as well as in recruiting officers, is that the maximum of the standard of pay in this territory only goes to £1,230, whereas in all the other colonial territories adjacent to us, the maximum salary goes to £1,320. That is, Sir, for the ordinary field veterinary officer: when one comes to the more senior posts the differences are even more marked. At the moment we are looking for something like three or four veterinary officers in London, and I believe that the British Veterinary Association will not even publish an advertisement for this Territory in the professional journals because the salaries that we offer are below what they believe is the least that a qualified veterinary officer should work for. Council would suggest that the salary for the field officer be raised to a maximum of £1,320 which is on a par with that offered by other territories and that in the advertisement calling for new recruitment, they be offered the equivalent of three notches - I think that will bring the scale to £935 commencing salary. That plus a ceiling that is equivalent to any other territory may possibly result in veterinary officials of a decent quality being obtained and of their staying here once we have got them. As far as the senior posts are concerned, the Director and the Senior Veterinary Officer I think the Director today gets £1,400 as opposed to £1,7 0 in two other adjacent territories and I think £1,680 in the other, in which the cattle population is only half of what we have here. The transport situation is something which we have not the details of but we have reason to believe it is not sufficiently secured. It is possible that you Sir might ask the Director to tell us whether he, is satisfied with the transport available to his department, whether that transport is in sufficiently good order and enough to carry out all present requirements and if there is also any margin available should we suddenly have to face a major epidemic of one of these diseases which periodically come upon us in Africa. So much Sir for the epidemic aspect that falls on the country and requires the services of the veterinary department. The proper development and the organization of the whole of our cattle industry is apparently today being placed/

- 94 - placed in the hands of the veterinary department. Now, one must bear in mind that that is something that has got to go on irrespective of any epidemics that may break out and it is necessary that the department be sufficiently well staffed so that if a field force is taken to cope with disease outbreaks, and this is drawn from general staff, there are still enough left to maintain the - what one would term - normal development duties. For example, Government is organizing the whole of the Ngamiland-Ghanzi cattle export to come out south, or a large proportion of it. There would seem to be big potential dangers of disease coming out with that stock and therefore it would seem that some adequate veterinary safeguard should exist in the extreme South West Territory. The Colonial Development Corporation through their holding grounds are gathering up cattle from all corners of the Territory. These large concentrations can easily provide a source of disease which will spread from there to all the surrounding country. We are not the professionsal veterinary advisers of government, we can only see.the thing from the aspect of where it will strike the economy of the country, and we would like Sir, before we continue this debate further, and if I succeed in getting a seconder, that you should ask the head of the department how far our suppositions are right or entirely wrong, or possibly in what direction they do not go far enough. I know, Sir, that these financial suggestions are going to be most difficult to implement, but we do not put them forward with any idea of embarassing Government but in the absolutely sincere belief that if we do not spend another possibly two thousand a year in improving those salaries we shall sooner or later be faced with a couple of million loss today for the cessation of our livestock exports for even one year. I move Sir. MR. ROYLE: I am very pleased to have the opportunity of seconding Mr. England's motion. There can be no doubt at all that this country is 99% dependent on cattle, we all of us more or less depend for our livelihood on cattle. In the past I came up pretty frequently against the difficulties created by the shortage of stock, a large number of cattle which should have been exported here and not from elsewhere could not go because the veterinary officer was not available and he had to go on some other job or other: that interfered with the normal export trade of the country and caused considerable upset with the railways who had a schedule laid down for shipping the cattle on various specified dates and that could not be met with, it also upset the men who were supplying the cattle. Now these difficulties were all traceable to the shortage of men. The shortage of men is due to the fact that we are not paying them a sufficient salary. They come here and they remain for the minimum period they can remain for and then they wander off to fields afresh and pastures new, and the reason they do so is that they are offered better conditions and better salaries. The amount mentioned by Mr. England, about £2,000, would be very small to insure against such a possibility in the future and I do hope that government will realise the importance of the matter and follow the lines suggested by Mr. England, and that is to make the salary and the conditions of service attractive enough to attract the right/

- 95 - right type of men. The difficulty of dealing with unforeseen epidemics is usually made awkward by the fact that we have not got adequate transport. We want cars, and we want to have them so that they will be available within 24 hours or less in order to establish cordons and to do inspections. In the past that has not been so, we have had a certain amount but by no means what we want and in many cases it has not been in mechnical trim sufficiently good to reach where they want to go. I have known them to be held up; one fellow up at the Nata, he was held up so long from want of transport that he got fed up and walked out - that was a livestock officer. He just could not stick sitting about doing nothing, so he just walked out of the job. Now that state of affairs should not exist and I am sure that Council will be with me all the way when I say that the importance of obtaining a complete and sufficient staff and sufficient transport and equipment to move them about cannot be over exaggerated. MR. GLOVER: Your Honour, the mover of the motion has spoken very fully in regard to the requirements now before us. Council has asked for money for several useful measures at this session but the cold facts are that the cattle industry is the one income producer of the Territory worth a major effort, and it is to the veterinary department, that we look to maintain this industry functioning in a healthy, progressive condition. Without exception this motion must get full priority and all the financial assistance possible even if other very useful matters have to do with less assistance from revenue. MR. VAN GASS: Your Honour and gentlemen, from the farmer's point of view, the necessity cannot be over-emphasised to have an adequate veterinary service, not only from a point of view of disease, which is very necessary, but also from a cattle management point of view. We farmers would welcome the day when we would be able to see the face of a veterinary officer who can come along and give us views on breeding matters, on handling cattle, on propercattlemanagementandalso on other livestock, instead of seeing him sitting at a railway station all his life. I think the cattle industry would be well served as all livestock industry if we can see the face of a veterinary officer who can discuss matters with the ordinary farmer, bring to his notice where he is defaulting, giving him better methods of handling his stock and I am sure the money expended in that direction will add to the income of the territory in its cattle taxes and other taxes that are derived from the cattle and livestock industry. We will surely welcome him and listen to the views he puts forward and I hope that in future if that could be arranged to get him, we will be highly satisfied and will work and live up to what he has to teach us. MR. MCLAGGAN: Your Honour, it would appear from the views expressed at this meeting of Council that the general concern is for a strengthening of government to a considerable degree. While I have no hesitation in supporting the motion, I would, however/

- 96 - however, remark that this country does not stand and fall-by the veterinary department alone, there are a hundred and one factors to be taken into consideration. What we require to a larger degree is a more authorative government which can more readily act on the views of the people in the Territory, in other words, a more efficient government. I am well aware, Sir, that under the present system government officers have their hands tied to a considerable degree and taking these factors into consideration, it is a remarkably good job that has been done, but just as man does not live by bread alone, a sense of duty with no other flavouring is pretty poor fare. I can only suggest Sir that following the lines of a certain advertisement - I may have this quotatio wrong - "Strength goes with sweetness"t, in other words, we have to offer better conditions and facilities to attract and hold in our service the men we want. DIRECTOR OF VETERINARY SERVICES: Your Honour, members of Council: views have been expressed very adequately by several members of Council on the lack of the numbers of staff and the inability to be able to keep them in the country to do the work that is required. This constant chopping and changing of staff leads to no progress being made at all. They come here for about long enough to know where Bechuanaland is, they scarcely get around to see the people and learn the customs or even find the problems, which is more important, of the veterinary work. As a result they neither know the people to pass on the knowledge to someone succeeding them, the people do not know them and as a result during the short period they are here there is no co-operation on either side to get anything done at all. This coming and going I believe to be due to the conditions pertaining in this country today, and surely if men can see something else which is better they will go to it. Returning to the question of transport, this specific question was asked by the mover of this motion, steps are in progress to obtain adequate transport but the present state of transport is bad and is only just sufficient to carry on at the moment because in the event of a break down of a truck or two every single spare truck is in the garage for repairs. I don't think after that that I can add anything more to what members of Council have said. MR. RILEY: Your Honour, the main object of this motion, I think as I see it, is to secure and stabilize the Territory's economy, in which case it is apparent that we must place the veterinary department on a basis that will satisfactorily protect the cattle industry. In this respect emphasis is on adequate staffing and satisfied officials and this can only be brought about by making the conditions of service at least equal to those in other colonies. Ever since I have taken a seat on this Council, Sir, members have stressed the need for improvement in this direction. I know that the vote is continually rising but unless we take the precaution of protecting the industry as is vitally necessary, we can expect at any time to see ourselves on the rocks. As has been expressed previously at this session, there are many

- 97 - of us here who have had that experience and it is an experience I am quite sure we would not like to have again. MR. ENGLAND: Your Honour, I would like to thank Mr. Roe for the statement he gave us. I have no desire to say anything more, the thing is self evident and its remedy is self evident. On the basis of the present cost to the veterinary department, which represents 3 % of our livestock exports, if as we said previously that was increased to 5% it cannot in any way be considered too much. I gather the Union overall has been something like 7% on the value of their livestock income on all branches of veterinary work. I gather in Southern Rhodesia it is higher, and I gather in orthern Rhodesia even higher. We have been comparatively flourishing, the government has enjoyed full income tax, and full railway income tax. If it is not foot and mouth it is some similar disease that gets widespread over the country and the whole of our cattle export industry stops and everything else falls away. ACTING RESIDENT COMMISSIONER: I put the motion to the vote. Carried unanimously. ACTING RESIDENT COMMISSIONER: Well gentlemen as Mr. England said when he introduced the motion, there has been a considerable improvement in the strength of the veterinary department: Mr. England said in the last few months, actually I think it goes back a little further than that. If you take the estimates during the last three or four years you will see that there has been a progressive increase, and in addition to what has been provided in the estimates recently as you are aware a large sum of money was made available from the Cattle Export Levy Fund, and that is contributed by the public of the country. It was supplemented by a substantial grant from the Colonial Development Corporation for the benefit of the livestock industry. I say that not because I think that you might have overlooked it but for the purpose of record it shows that Government has been alive to the need of strengthening the veterinary department and has gone quite a long way along that road, Now to get down to one or two of the details that you mention, the matter of the maximum salary of the veterinary officers, as has been pointed out, is £90 less than it is in adjoining territories: well I can say that we have taken steps to try and get that remedied. I cannot tell you the outcome because I have not heard. Now with regard to the suggestion that veterinary officers should be recruited at three notches up the scale, that is tantamount to something which is not encouraged in the Colonial Service where the structure is such that roughly for equal, comparable posts there should be comparable salaries throughout. That is designed to prevent colonies bidding for the services of officials, in which the poorer colonies would always lose out, and this suggestion, i.e. that we should make a practice sof appointing newlyfledged/

- 98 - fledged officers on salaries higher than they get elsewhere, in the absence of previous experience or special qualifications is not likely to be one to find favour for the reasons I have mentioned. These things are standardised as far as possible and if you come as a newly-fledged veterinary officer you start on the minimum of the scale unless you have any special service such as war service or anything like that. Now as regards transport, I think you will have seen in the financial review in my address at the beginning that we have sought authority for expenditure of £40,OOO during this financial year to try and put our transport, not only the veterinary department, but the public works and many other departments, on a proper basis. I think you can rely on this, that when we get that money - I have no reason to anticipate that we shall not get it - the veterinary department transport will be very much helped. The draft estimates for next year which will be seen by the Finance Committee shortly make provision for a further increase in the staff of the veterinary department and Particularly in the way of veterinary officers - I am leaving out the question of extra staff which may be needed by reason of the C.D.C. activities at the abattoir and the vetting of cattle up and down the line - we are putting in two extra veterinary officers. We are also providing extra funds for the provision of free vaccines. In the current estimates we prvided money for inoculation against quarter evil and contagious abortion in one of the Southern Protectorate reserves and we are going to extend that and ultimately have a free inoculation service for the more important diseases throughout the Territory. I think therefore gentlemen that you will admit that we are doing something and that we recognise the need for it and that we are just as conscious as you are of the effects of any major outbreak of disease upon the economy of the Territory. We realise that it will hit us as hard, if not harder, than it hits you. MR. ENGLAND: On a point of explanation may I speak? ACTING RESIDENT COMMISSIONER: Yes. MR. ENGLAND: Your Honour said that a principle was unacceptable for one territory to bid against another, well that of course is an entirely accepted principle, but I was submitting that in our present predicament where there is a shortage of something like 38 veterinary officers in the Colonial Service, in order to attract to ourselves at the moment two or four or six or whatever we need, as compensation for the less attractive conditions that we otherwise have to offer, it is justified. In just this one instance I suggest that we should do that, not that it should be a basis generally. ACTING RESIDENT COMMISSIONER: Thank you. Well gentlemen, I don't think there/

- 99 - there is anything more I can say on that except to reiterate that we do realise the need for a stable and strong department and that you can rely upon us to do what is possible to achieve it. MR. RILEY: Thank you Sir. That is the last item on the agenda Your Honour. ACTING RESIDENT COMMISSIONER: Well gentlemen, I think before we adjourn, we will have to have an idea about the date of our next meeting. Council went into committee at 3.20 p.m. Resumed in Council at 3.35 p.m., Council having decided that the next meeting would be on the 16th March or a week before or after that date. ACTING RESIDENT COMMISSIONER: Before we end off there are one or two remarks I would like to make. It has been said at this Council, and I have heard it said at sessions of Council which I have attended in the past, that members of Council, individual members, very often, even if they have been supported by the bulk of Council when the matter has been discussed, have been unsuccessful over periods of years in obtaining minor local improvements, whether it be in the way of social services or public buildings or something like that for their constituents: I am afraid that is probably true, there have been delays in the past and there probably will be in the future but I would like to say the main value of Council, as far as 6overnment is concerned, is not in these minor local matters which could often be resolved locally and not brought to this Council, but in the help and advice it gives to Government in wider and more important matters. Its value lies as much too in what it prevents Government from doing as in what it stimulates Government to perform. I mentioned this morning the considerable assistance which Council has given in the preparation and finalisation of the Colonial Development Corporation agreements, and there are other matters in which this Council and its predecessors have given equally valuable help to Government, very often in the form of active criticism. I would like you to think of that and members need not be so down-hearted when some small thing iat has been asked for has not been supplied. I would like you to know too that Government welcomes criticism, without which we should run the risk of growing fat on our own complacency and particularly do we welcome it when it is offered in the spirit in which it has been offered during this session of Council. Obviously it has been with good intention and it has been constructive and offered with the idea of improving the efficiency of the administration and the development of the Territory. I think that is all I have to say gentlemen. I would like to thank you again for your help and to wish you a safe journey back to your homes. I hope that the rains that we have had will continue and that we are in for a better season this year than we had last year. Council adjourned sine die at 3.30 p.m. I N D E X. Page . Acquisition of Land (compulsory) for public purposes ...... Acquisition of Telegraph & Telephone systems from Southern Rhodesian Government... Address, His Honour's ... ,, it A , nn~xure uneret Aerodromes " ... Aerodromes - Palapye and Serowe African general dealers - Income Tax African Housing ...... Agenda ...... if. Supplementary ...... Agriculture ...... Agricultural Vote ...... Ammunition Quotas ... .. Ammunition Returns . Annexure to His Honour's Address ... Arms Licensing . ... Atkins, G.M., Mr. D.A.T ... *0.. Bamangwato Affairs ...... Bamangwato College ...... Bank Branches and Agencies ...... Batho, O.B.E., Mr. P.G...... Beetham, C.M.G., C.V.0., O.B.E., Mr. E.B. Bicycle Tax ...... Birthday Honours List.. ... Bone Meal Quota, Emergency... British South Africa Land Proclamation; Amendment of...... Buildings ...... Burger, Sarel ...... Cattle Straying over border...... Central Granary...... Colonial Development Corporation.. ... Conferences ...... Cost of Living Allowances for pensioners Council's Reply to His Honour's Opening Address ...... Date of next Council Meeting ... Debeete Fence ...... " Quarantine ...... Dispensaries ...... Draft Estimates...... Draft Federal Schemes.. Draft Trades & Business Proclamation Drilling ...... Economic development, West of the Kalahari Education ...... , Compulsory ...... Education Department; Head of .. * Education of European Children; Extraterrito Elephant Menace in Northern Tuli Block... Emergency Bone Meal quota ...... Engineers' Conference ...... Exports & Imports between neighbouring Terri ies and the Bechuanaland Protectorate Extra-Territorial Education of European children ...... (xv), 59-60 33-341-34-1611 (ix) (xii) 3 (ii) - (iv) (v) 4 65 - 74 (xii) (viii), 40 4 - 16 (xiv), 28-30 2 2 -3, 21 78 87 -89 .9.2 1, 20 (xii) *.9.2 22 -24 36 - 39 *... 13 1, 20 (vii), 17 * ** (xi), 74-75 3,41,81-83 .(viii) ... 20 -22 ... 99 X) (xi) S.*. 3 42 -59 ... (xvi) 11 - 12 3, 21 (xii) 99. (ix) rial 76 - 78 ... 18 22 - 24 11 tor 89 - 92 . 76 - 78 v- -2 - Federal Scheme; Draft ...... Fence - Debeete Fencing and Public Roads in Tati Territor ... Fencing of Tuli Block Back Line ... . Fencing Material - Kuki & Makalamabedi... . Financial ...... Fincham, Mr...... "Footage" Allowances for Government drillers... Foot & Mouth disease - Anti- measures ... .. Francistown Abattoir ... Francistown Hospital ...... Francistown Jail Francistown Town Management Board Geological ...... Germond, O.B.E., C.B.E., Mr. J.D Ghanzi District, roads in Ghanzi School and Hostel Government drillers, "Footage" a Grain & Grain Products - Price M Granary, Central 999 Green, Sub-Inspector D.K ... Hassall, Capt. R.O ... Hides & Skins, Improvement of Honours, Serowe Riots Honours List, Birthday Horoto, B.E.M., Corpl. N. Hospitals & Dispensaries Hostel - Lobatsi School Immigration Control ... Imports& Exports between neighbo ies & the Bechuanaland Protect Improvement in Postal Services Income Tax; Allowance for develo Income Tax Law; Revision of Income Tax; farmers ... it "1 . African General Deal Intestate Succession...... Land, Compulsory acquisition of Land; purchase by Government Off the Service ...... Langley, .V.O., O.B.E., Lieut-C Leases of Government land - Cond Licences for private drilling ma Licensing of trades and business Proclamation) ...... Livestock straying ...... Lobatsi School Hostel.. ... Mahalapye Water Works ... Main Trunk Road northwards from Malnutrition ...... Mechanical Conservation Units Mechanical Workshops ... Medical ...... Mental Home ...... Members of Council . .. Miller, I.S.O., Major O.B.... Moeketsi, Sgt. E ... .. PLae. 42 - 59 (x) 78 - 82 (vi) 18 - 19 5-7, 21-22 1, 20 (vii) (x) 40 83 - 86 87 18 A . . . 2 .....(... vi) (x) llowances for.. (vii) argin ...... 24 - 27 (xi), 74-75 2 ...... (vii) 2, 20 ...... 2, 20 ... . 1, 2, 20 ...... 76 . .(xii) uring territororate ... .. 89 - 92 ...32 pment of water. 62 ... 61 ...... 18, 61 ers s... (?C ) ...... (xv) icials while in 17 ol: M.D.* .. 2 itions ... .. (ix) chines ... (xiii) (Trades ...... (Xiii). . . . 17 ...... 76 ...... 12 - 13 Mahalapye ... (xi)-(xii) ...... 40 ..13 -14 ...... 8-10 ...... 1, 2, 20. Ncheke, L/Corpl. E ...... Nohindo, Sgt. A.M...... Ngamiland - tenders for Govcrnment stores Ntsiele, Trooper N ...... , 2 2, 20 ... 19 ... 2, 20

-3- Oabile, Const. R. ... Opening Address by His Honour, the Acting Residert Commissioner ... Palapye and Serowe Aerodromes ... Papers laid on the table... Passports: temporary visits to Southern Rhodesia ...... # Pensioners: Cost of Living Allowances for Police ...... Postal Control. ... Postal Services , .. ... ? t : Improvement in.. Price margin on grain and grain products Private drilling machines: licences for Progress Report ...... Public Holidays ...... Public Roads.in the Tati Territory ... Public Works...... Quarantine - Deebete. Questions and Answers Resheng,Const.0...... 'Revenue: Additional measures ... Revenue: Means of increasing .. Rhodes Centenary Exhibition ... Rhodesia Railways: Acc'mmodation at Gaberones Station ..4 ...... Road Maintenance ...... Road northwards from Mahalapye, main trunk .. Road Transportation Board...... Roads and Bridges ...... Roads in Ghanzi District...... Serowe Riots ...... Smuts, Sub-Inspector M ... Soil Conservation ...... Southern Rhodesia: Temporary visits to ... Succession Proclamation ...... Surface Water Development...... Survey: Cordon fence. ... Survey: Native Reserves ... Survey: Town Planning ... Surveys...... Sweepstakes for charitable purposes Tati Native Reserve: Mechanical conservation units...... Tax: Bicycle...... Taxable Income: Allowance for development of water ...... 0...... Taxation of unoccupied land Telegraph and telephone systems;acquisition" from Southern Rhodesia Government... Telephone communications: Lcbatsi to Francistown Temporary visits to Southern Rhodesia.. ... Tenders for purchase of Government stores ... Town Planning...... tion .. . . Trades and Business Proclamation. .. Trades Proclamation...... Transfer Duty...... Tuberculosis...... of ... Tuli Block back line: fencing . Page. 2, 20. 1 - ;3 (ix) 17 62 - 64 (viii) 10 - 11 32 - 33 (xiii) 32 24 - 27 (xiii) (vi) - (xiii) 34-3578-8Ii-15 (x)- (xi)17-19,40-41. 2 (xii) (vii) 3 30 - 31 (vi) (xi) - (xii) (xiii) 13 (vi) 1 - 3 2 (ix) 62 - 64 (ix) 12 15 15 15 14 (xi) 40 (xii) 62 - 64 (xii) 33 - 34 (viii) 62 - 64 19 15 (x) - (xvi) (xiii), 65 (vii) 8 (vi)

-4 Page. Unoccupied land; taxation of ...... (xii) Veterinary ...... 15 - 16 Veterinary Department ...... 92 -99 Water: Mahalapye river, sub-surface scheme.. 40 Waterways ...... 13 Webb, Senr.Inspector C.A...... 2 Weirs...... *.. to...... (xi) Wireless ...... 14