RRR 2021 Renewable resources from wet and rewetted peatlands

ADDRESSSSING FRAGILE PEAT ECOSYSTEMS AND IMPROVING PEOPLE‘S LIVELIHOODS: LESSONS FROM

Niken Sakuntaladewi ([email protected]) Daniel Mendham Ramawati

1 OUTLINE

3. Method 4. Tumbang Nusa Village

2. Peatland in Pulang 5. Pisau Closing Statement 1. Peatland area, distribution, and threats

2 PEATLANDS AREA, Area of forest and peatland fires THEIR DISTRIBUTION, THREATS 2015 to 2019 2.611.411,44 3.000.000 2.169.613,04 165.483,92 529.266,64 438.363,19 1.649.258,00 2.500.000 306.511,84 56.869,79 358.160,05 1.199.567,00 2.000.000 Many regulations regarding the use of peatlands, 86.836 87.387 742.601 10.344 1.500.000 but many peatland uses do not follow the 1.000.000 448.136 principles of sustainable peat land use 500.000 0 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Total peat fire in 7 provinces (ha) Total fire in 7 Provinces (ha) Total fire in Indonesia (ha) 6.44 m. Ha 4.78 m. Ha

Emergency Fund for Forest and Land Fire Disaster Mitigation (IDR x1.000.000) 3.500.000 2.400.000

975.100 Threat 1.100.000 835.240 1. Peat fire disaster & haze pollution 640.900 3.69 m. Ha 2. Frequent flood 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 3. GHG emission 4. Economic loss, impacted livelihood • Peatland area: 14.9 m ha 5. Destroyed habitat, loss of biodiversity • 4th largest peatland in the world • The largest tropical peatlands in the world 3 PEATLANDS IN PULANG PISAU REGENCY

Pulang Pisau Regency • 899.700 ha (64.4% peatland) • 95 villages

Forest and land fire vulnerability map, • Land for food crops Economic Pulang Pisau Regency (Irwansyah et.al., 2018)Floods in rainy season (ex-mega rice project), benefits commercial commodities Forest and peatland fires • Timber and non-timber in the province of Central and Social Pulang Pisau Regency • Living space 1.000.000 6.148 1.744 47.432 benefits 500.000 218.364 583.833 (villages-transmigrants, 317.749 - 406 98 22.348 95.574 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 local) Ecological Area of fire in province (ha) • Carbon stock Area of fire in Pulang Pisau Regency (ha) benefits Peat fire: • Water system stability • 99% due to human factors • Protected endemic flora and • Complex issues (technical, social, economic and political aspects) fauna habitat 4 Peat fire control:

Integrating fire prevention and suppression strategies, with commitments to restore damaged peatlands, as well as the implementation of no- burning policy

BRG/peat Restoration Agency (2016): Coordinating and Facilitating Restoration of damaged peatlands in 7 provinces, covering an area of 2,67 m. ha

5 METHODS

Location : Tumbang Nusa Village Data collection: • March – December 2019 • PRA, FGD, deep interview

Respondents : Regency and village governments, NGOs, key villagers and village community

6 TUMBANG NUSA VILLAGE, PULANG PISAU REGENCY

• Area: 200 km2, 90% is peat swamp (only around 20% is utilized) • 284 HH (40% live on peatland, 60% live along the river on mineral soil) • 2014-2015: more than 50% of village land is burned. (BRG, 2018, YTS 2019)

Peat fire control in Tumbang Nusa 1. Zero burning agricultural practices 2. Cross-sector coordination to prevent and extinguish fires 3. Allocation of village funds for fire patrols 4. Peat restoration activities (rewetting, re-planting, revitalization). 5. Community empowerment and provision of economic incentives

7 LIVELIHOOD in TUMBANG Species grown in community peatland: NUSA VILLAGE • Plantation oil palm, rubber trees, Cacao • Timber/non-timber sp: Shores balangeran, Dyera costulata (Jelutong), Paraserianthes falcataria, Aquilaria malaccensis, Parkia speciosa • Land for agricultural crops, • Fruit trees: Mangifera, guava, avocado, durio, pineapple, banana, papaya, commercial commodities rambutan (Nephellium lappaceum) • Timber and non-timber • Vegetable crops: chilies, kale, corn, eggplant, celery, tomatoes, cassava • Tumbang Nusa peat research (short, medium and long term family income) station (KHDTK Tumbang Nusa)

Trigona thoracica beekeeping Lepironia articulata Apodidae nest Nursery

8 Vegetable garden Orchards Palm oil & Fishpond Area for Palm oil plantation TUMBANG NUSA PEAT RESEARCH STATION • Since 2005; area: 5,000 ha, (KHDTK Tumbang Nusa) • Forest type: Peat swamp forest

Species grown in Tumbang Nusa peat research station, among others:

Calophyllum kunstleri Gonystylus bancanus Calophyllum macrocarpum Horsfieldia sp Combretocarpus rotundatus Microcos saccifera Campnosperma auriculata Meliocope sp Campnosperma auriculata Palaquium Cochlearia Cratoxylon arborescens Shorea parvifolia Diospyros malam Shorea teysmanniana Dipterocarpus caudiferus Stemonurus scorpiodes Dyera polyphyll Tetramerista glabra Eugenia sp Xylopia sp Replanting (kabaralam.com) Source: https://foreibanjarbaru.or.id/ 9 CLOSING STATEMENT

To address fragile ecosystem and improve people’s livelihoods, the following aspects are important to pay into consideration:

1. environmental sustainability, food availability and cash income are all important issues to ensure survival of the community, 2. Restoration Needs to Involve Many Parties. To ensure that peatland restoration is sustainable, it must be carried out in tandem with economic development and the capacity of the community to source food. 3. Successful peat restoration requires not just physical actions (blocking canals, planting trees etc.), but needs to cover economic, social, institutional and policy aspects as well. 4. The village administrative unit is a key implementation partner that is needed to realize both environmental sustainability and development through peatland restoration.