Initiative for “Climate Action and Disaster Risk Reduction”

30 June 2020 Ministry of the Environment Rising threat of climate-related disasters in and outside Japan Increasing climate-related disasters in and outside Japan

Sharing a sense of crisis on impacts of climate change

About 350 cases in 2018 in Asia

In 2018-19 Japan faced frequent levee breaks, landslides, power outages, 写真提供：東京and water電力パワーグリッド株式会社 outages Global Source: Munich Reinsurance Company “Climate

Emergency” 2 Increased economic damage due to wind and flood disasters (in Japan)

Out of 10 largest Insurance payment Climate-related insurance claims JPY BIL USD MIL disaster ever paid, most １ 10,678 9,707 Jebi in 2018 occurred in last 10 ２ 5,680 5,163 in 1991 years ３ 3,959 3,599 in 2019 ４ 3,874 3,521 in 2004 ５ 3,341 3,037 in 2019 ６ 3,224 2,930 Snow Disaster in Feb 2014 ７ 3,147 2,860 in 1999 Typhoon Tremi in 2018 Typhoon No. 21 ８ 3,061 2,782 in 2018 ９ 1,956 1,778 Heavy Rain Event of July 2018 10 1,642 1,492 in 2017 Created by the MOEJ based on the data on the website of the General Insurance Association of Japan3. 1 USD is assumed to be 110 yen for comparison. Synergies between Climate Action and DRR: Case 1

Community development resilient to climate change utilizing distributed energy system Smart Wellness Town Mutsuzawa In September 2019, Typhoon Faxai caused wide-scale power outage in Kanto region. The Michi-no-Eki (roadside rest area) in Mutsuzawa Town, Prefecture, supplied power to the adjacent residential area through solar power generation, a solar heat utilization system, cogeneration using local gas, and a private power line. It was proved that this kind of distributed energy system contributes to mitigation by reducing GHG emissions, and adaptation through energy supply during disasters. 4 Synergies between Climate Action and DRR: Case 2 Ecosystem-based DRR Lower Kushiro River Watershed

with wetland without wetland

Reproductive calculation of the heavy rain event in August 2016 in the lower Kushiro River (Hirosato) estimated that peak discharge decreased by about 30%, and the arrival of peak discharge was delayed for 2 days due to the water retention function of the Kushiro Wetland. Forecasts for heavy rainfall at the end of the 21st century assume that peak discharges will be about double the current levels. In terms of DRR, Kushiro Wetland is likely to become more important for flood water retention. 5 New information transmission for heat stroke prevention Heat stroke alert（trial） MOE JMA

Alert via disaster Heat prevention radio etc. Stroke Alert! General public

WBGT Media Recommendation to take notice of alert via home visits Over 33℃ (TV , Radio etc.) (Forecast) Seniors Indoor standby recommended for school-age students

Students

Recommendation to cancel or postpone competitions etc. MOE Local government, Athletes JMA Related agencies (Announcement) Alert via disaster prevention radio Farmers

Alert via companies Private meteorological agencies Workers New information provided by MOEJ and the JMA calling attention to “be aware” of the heat. Announcements predicting extremely high heat, encouraging the public to take effective heat stroke prevention measures. 6 Projects to strengthen adaptive capacity to severe disasters caused by climate change

Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery Natural Ecosystems

Typhoon Increased Impact health Sea level intensific disaster on each rise ation risk sector Livelihood

Economy etc. • Supercomputers used to assess impact of based on future climate change estimates. • Preparation of data necessary for national and local governments, companies to implement Typhoon Hagibis in 2019 （Infrared image from Himawari No.8, JMA） appropriate adaptation measures. Typhoon Hagibis in 2019 was used as an example to verify how the impact of typhoons will change due to global warming, and

strengthen adaptation measures based on the verification. 7 Climate Change Adaptation Information Platform ○ Information platform to gather climate risk information and support adaptation efforts. ○ Established in August 2016 in collaboration with related ministries and agencies. Scientific support from the National Institute for Environmental Studies as the secretariat. ○ Expanded to Asia Pacific region and launch of Asia-Pacific Adaption Information Platform (AP- PLAT). (Main features) ①Information infrastructure: Scientific data on climate change and impact prediction. ②Adaptation tools : Simple models, risk maps, good practices, etc. ③Building capacity : Data set development in collaboration with related parties, dispatch of experts, etc.

Main contents of ・Government adaptation plan “Climate Change Adaptation Information Platform” ・Governmental actions Government ・Research findings efforts Nationwide/prefecture information ～Prefectural data useful for examining adaptation measures～ ・ Adaptation plan formulation guidelines ・ Climate change impact literatures ・ Local governments Page for members of local adaptation efforts governments

Examples of businesses engaged in "climate risk management" and Business "adaptation business". adaptation The latest data on observed climate change, future climate, climate change impacts, and future impact forecasts from multiple models are available. Introduction of the wisdom Easily compare data by using Web-GIS. and ingenuity to adapt to the Individual changing climate. https://adaptation-platform.nies.go.jp/ adaptation 8 International cooperation for climate-related disasters

Asia-Pacific Climate Change Adaptation Information Platform

Providing the latest scientific climate risk information and, in cooperation with each partner country/agency, supporting the development of adaptation plans and project formulations considering climate risks.

１. Expansion of scientific knowledge on climate change risk in the region. ２. Providing support tools to stakeholders involved in developing adaptation measures. ３. Capacity building for climate change impact assessment and adaptation. Launched at G20 in June 2019 and introduced to the world at COP25 in December 2019. 9 Cooperation among related ministries （環境省が旗振り役となって、我が国の適応をClimate Change Adaptation Promotion推進 Council）

"Climate Change Adaptation Promotion Council" chaired by the Minister of the Environment, and composed of related ministries and agencies. > Close cooperation system between related ministries and agencies. > Government initiative promoting comprehensive and systematic measures for climate change adaptation.

Climate Change Adaptation Promotion Council First meeting：3 Dec. 2018 Second meeting：11 Nov. 2019 Members Chair: Minister of the Vice chair: Environment Deputy Minister for

the Environment

Finance

Cabinet

Defense

and and Tourism

Affairs and

Financial Financial

and and Technology

Ministry Ministry of

Ministry Ministry of

Ministry Ministry of

Secretariat

Ministry Ministry of Land,

Environment

Communications

Cabinet Cabinet Office

Ministry Ministry of Education,

Ministry Ministry of the

Foreign Affairs Ministry of of Health,Ministry

Trade andIndustry Trade

Ministry of of Internal Ministry

Labour and Welfare and Labour

Culture, Culture, Sports, Science

Services Agency Services

Forestry and Fisheriesand Forestry

Ministry of of Economy,Ministry

Infrastructure, Infrastructure, Transport Ministry of Agriculture, Agriculture, of Ministry

Ministry of Defense newly joined from the second meeting upon request from Environment Minister Koizumi to Defense Minister Kono. 10 Removal of disaster waste in cooperation with the Ministry of Defense and the Self-Defense Forces

Support for removal by the Self-Defense Forces

Typhoon Hagibis in October 2019 Disaster waste removed in collaboration with the Self-Defense Forces Cooperation strengthened to respond smoothly in the event of disasters, based on the cooperation manual* with the SDF. * Describes division of roles of relevant stakeholders such as Ministry of the Environment, Ministry of Defense, municipalities, volunteers, NPOs, etc. in the event of disasters, and measures taken during normal times. Procurement of renewable energy at 151 facilities, which is approximately 7% of the total electricity used by the Ministry of Defense. 11