Handbook of AUSTRALIAN, NEW· ZEALAND & ANTARCTIC Volume 7 Boatbill to Starlings Part B Dunnock to Starlings

Senior Editors P.]. Higgins, ].M. Peter and S.]. Cowling Assistant Editor G.D. Price Editors K.Y. Al~ Dabbagh M.J. Hewish K.A. Bartram T. Howard S.A. Chambers J.B. Hurley A.J. Dare J.S. Matthew A.M. Dunn R.N. Price D.W. Eades J.L. O'Connor C.B. Frith J.R. Starks D.W. Frith A. Williamson H.M. Gibbs Colour illustrations by P.R. Marsack, N. Day, K. Franklin, P.]. Slater, ]. Luck and D.]. Onley

OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 253 Normanby Road, South Melbourne, Victoria 3205, Australia Oxford University Press is a department of th,e University of Oxford. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide in Oxford New York Athens Auckland Bangkok Bogota Buenos Aires Calcutta Cape Town Chennai Dar es Salaam Delhi Florence Hong Kong Istanbul Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico'Ciqr Mumbai Nairobi Paris Port Moresby Slio Paulo Singapore Taipei Tokyo Toronto Warsaw with associated companies in Berlin Ibadan . OXFORD is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and certain other countries © Birds Australia (Royal Australasian Ornithologists Union) 2006 Colour illustrations © P.R. Marsack, N. Day, K. Franklin, E]. Slater,]. Luck and D.]. Onley 2006

First published 2006 This book is copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of private study, research, criticism or review as permitted under the Copyright Act, no part may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without prior written permission. Enquiries to be made to Oxford Univers'ity Press. Copying for educational purposes Where copies of part or the whole of the book are made under Part VB of the Copyright Act, the law requires that prescribed procedures be followed. For information, contact the Copyright Agency Limited. Recommended citation Higgins, P.]., ].M. Peter & S.J. Cowling. (Eds) 2006. Handbook ofAustralian, New Zealand and Antarctic Birds. Volume 7: Boatbill to Starlings. Oxford University Press, Melbourne.

National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication data: Handbook ofAustralian, New Zealand and Antarctic birds. Volume 7. Includes index. Bibliography. ISBN-lO: 0195539966 (volume 7 set) ISBN-13: 9780195539967 (volume 7 set) ISBN-10: 0195558847 (volume 7A) lSBN-13: 9780195558845 (volume 7A) ISBN-10: 0195558855 (volume 7B) ISBN-13: 9780195558852 (volume 7B) ISBN-10: 0195532449 (complete set) ISBN-13: 9780195532449 (complete set) 1. Birds-Australia. 2. Birds-New Zealand. 3. Birds-Antarctica. 1. Higgins, P.]. (Peter Jeffrey),1959-. II. Peter, John M. III. Cowling, Sidney J. IV. Title: Boatbill to starlings. 598

Edited by Venetia Somerset Designed and typeset by Derrick 1. Stone Design, Melbourne Printed in Hong Kong by Sheck Wah Tong Printing Press Ltd 1956 APPENDIX I ECTOPARASITES OF AUSTRALIAN, NEW ZEALAND AND ANTARCTIC BIRDS M.D. MurrayA, R.L. PalmaB, R.L.e. PilgrimC and M.D. ShawD

INTRODUCTION and the subsequent increasing predation by introduced pests. This is the final unit ofthe checklist covering passerines. The The future welfare of species is threatened, and their format is the same as previously. Again, many lice have only extinction means the extinction of some of their ectopara­ been identified to genus, and some mites only to the nearest sites, as has been emphasized throughout this series. There is genus (*). Often only immature ticks infest passerinesj such an urgent need to search birds for their ectoparasites before it infestations are shown as larval (L) or nymphal (N). is too late. Table 1 lists the genera of lice ofthe families ofthe passer­ ines, covering the checklists of volumes 5-7 of HANZ~. SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY The birds in this checklist pose problems where they have extensive geographical distributions which influence the LICE -Green, R.H., & R.L. Palma. 1991. Rec. Queen Viet. Mus. 100: 1-43. species of fleas, ticks and mites that may infest them. Mey, E. 2000. Rudolstadter Naturhistorische Schriften 10: 185-200. Several species of birds have a close association with Palma, R.L. 1999. Notornis 46: 373-87. humans who become bitten by mites when fledglings leave --, & R.D. Price. NZj. Zoo!' 32: 111-5. nests in buildings. One common example of this is the problem --, & S.C. Barker. 1996. Zoo!' Cat. Aust. 26: 81-247. caused by Ornithonyssus bursa when chicks of Common Mey, E. 2004. Ornithol. Anzeiger 43: 149-203. Starlings Stumus vulgaris or Common Mynas Acridotheres Paterson, A.M., et al. 1999. Syst. BioI.48(l): 214-23. tristis fledge. Other mites cause disease ofboth aviary and wild Pilgrim, R.L.C., & R.L. Palma. 1982. Notomis (Suppl.) 29: 32. birds. Stemostoma tracheacolum causes respiratory problems in Stranger, R.H., &R.L. Palma. 1998. Rec. West. Aust. Mus. 19: 169--86. aviary Gouldian Finches Erythrura gouldiae; this disease also FLEAS causes additional stress in already depleted wild populatiQns of Calder, A.A. 1996. Zoo!. Cat Aust. 28: 136-97. Gouldian Finches. Knemidokoptes intermedius infests the lower Smit, ROAM, 1979.]. R. Soc. NZ 9: 143-232. legs and feet of wild Pied Currawongs Strepera graculina and Forest Ravens Corvus tasmanicus. -FLIES Several of the passerines have been introduced to Aust. or Maa, T.C. 1966. Pac. Monogr. 10: 1-148. NZ from Europe or elsewhere. Some lice species are absent --1969. Pac. Insects Monogr. 20: 1-312. because they were not on the birds originally introduced, a -- 1986.]. Taiwan Mus. 39: 83-92. phenomenon referred to as ' missing the boat'. Thus, fewer MITES species of lice are found on Rook Corvus frugilegus, Dunnock Bell, P.]. 1996. Wild!. Res. 23: 675-85. Prunella modularis, House Sparrow Passer domesticus, Common Bishop, D.M., &A.C.O. Heath. 1998. Surveillance 25: 13-31. Blackbird Turdus merula, Song Thrush Turdus philomelos and Domrow, R. 1987. Invert. 1: 817-948. Common Starling in NZ than on these birds in Europe. --1991. Invert. Taxonomy 4: 1283-376. There is an alarming decrease in the numbers of native --1992. Invert. Taxonomy 6: 1459-606. passerines as land clearances continue, particularly in Aust., --, & L.N. Lester. 1985. Aust.]. Zoo!' Suppl. Ser. 114: 1-111. ]aensch, S.M., et al. 2003. Aust. Vet.]. 81: 411. Mason, R.w 1988. Aust. Vet.]. 65: 260. A 17 Ashmore Ave, Pymble, New South Wales 2073, Australia Murray, M.D. 1966. Aust. Vet.]. 42: 262-4. B Museum of New Zealand, PO Box 467, Wellington, New Zealand TIdemann, S.c. 1996. Bird Conserv. Int. 6: 49-61. "C Department of Zoology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 1, New Zealand TICKS D School of Integrated Biology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Keirans, ].E. 1984. US Dept Agric. Misc. Pub!. 1438: 1785. Queensland 4072, Australia Roberts, RH.S. 1970. Australian TICks. CSIRO Pubis, Melbourne.

CHECKLIST OF ECTOPARASITES Ruandanyssus terpsiphonei Fain, 1957 Sternostoma cuculorum Fain, 1956 Family DICRURIDAE Myiagra alecto Monarcha melanopsis MITES: Ptilonyssus terpsiphonei Fain, 1956 DCE:· Brueelia sp. Myiagra inquieta MITES: Ptilonyssus terpsiphonei Fain, 1956 MITES: Ptilonyssus terpsiphonei Fain, 1956 Monarcha trivirgatus Grallina cyanoleuca MITES: Leptotrombidium nissani (Dumbleton, 1947)· DCE: Myrsidea sp. Ptilonyssus monarc1we Domrow, 1969 Brueelia sp. Ptilonyssus terpsiphonei Fain, 1956 Philopterus sp. Ruandanyssus terpsiphonei Fain, 1957 MITES: Megninia acutipes (Bonnet, 1924) Sternostoma cuculorum Fain, 1956 Neottialges grallinae Janssen Duijghuijsen, LukoschiJs & Monarcha leucotis Fain, 1979 MITES: Ptilonyssus terpsiphonei Fain, 1956 Omithocheyletia lichmerae Smiley, 1984 Arses telescopthalmus Ornithonyssus sylviarum (Canestrini & Fanzago, 1877) MITES: Leptotrornbidium nissani (Dumbleton, 1947) Ptilonyssus grallinae Domrow, 1964 Arses kaupi Rhipidura rufifrons MITES: Ptilonyssus terpsiphonei Fain, 1956 MITES: Ptilonyssus setosae Damrow, 1969 Sternostomacuculorurn Fain,1956 Rhipidura fu1iginosa Myiagra rubecula LICE: Menacanthus rhipidurae Palma & Price, 2005 MITES: Leptotrombidiurn nissani (Dumbleton, 1947) Ricinus rnugimaki (Uchida, 1915) Ptilonyssus terpsiphonei Fain, 1956 Philopterus sp. Appendix I 1957 LOUSE-FLIES: Omithoica stipituri stipituri (Schiner, 1868) TICKS: Ixodes holocyclus Neumann, 1899 Omithomya areolata Maa, 1986 Strepera graculina Omithomya nigricomis Erichson, 1842 UCE: Myrsidea vincula (Le SoueE & Bullen, 1902) MITES: Ptilonyssus rhipidurae Domrow, 1966 MITES: Knemidokoptes intermedius Fain & Macfarlane, 1967 Anhemialges sp.* Ptilonyssus cractici Domrow, 1964 Hemialges sp. .. Strepera fuliginosa IngrassieUa sp. UCE: Myrsidea sp. Pteronyssoides sp. Brueelia sp. Trouessartia sp. Australophilopterus curvicomus Mey, 2004 Rhipidura rufiventris LOUSE-FLIES: Omithomya nigricomis Erichson, 1842 MITES: Ptilonyssus setosae Domrow, 1969 TICKS: Ixodes sp. (auritulus group) Rhipidura leucophrys Ixodes sp. (L) UCE: Myrsidea sp. Strepera versicolor MITES: Ptilonyssus macdurei Fain, 1963 UCE: Menacanthus dennisi Price & Emerson, 1988 Stemostoma cuculorum Fain, 1956 Myrsidea sp. Dicrurus bracteatus Australophilopterus strepericus Mey, 2004 MITES: Ptilonyssus dicruri Fain, 1956 Brueelia sp. LOUSE·FLIES: Omithomya nigricomis Erichson, 1842 Family CAMPEPHAGlDAE Gymnorhina tibicen Coracina novaehollandiae UCE: Picicola bimaculatus (Piaget, 1885) UCE: Myrsidea sp. MITES: Omithonyssus bursa (Berlese, 1888) Brueelia sp. Ptilonyssus cractici Domrow, 1964 .Philopterus goshikidori (Uchida, 1948) Pterodectes sp. MITES: Leptotrombidium nissani (Dumbleton, 1947) Stemostoma thienpoti Fain, 1956 Odontaearus australiensis (Hirst, 1925) Syringophilopsis sp. 4 Johnston & Kethley, 1973 Ruandanyssus terpsiphonei Fain, 1957 Gymnorhina tibicen tibicen, Gymnorhina tibicen dorsalis Coracina papuensis LICE: Myrsidea sp. MITES: Leptotrombidium nissani (Dumbleton, 1947) Brueelia semiannulata (Piaget, 1883) Ruandanyssus terpsiphonei Fain, 1957 Philopterus sp. Lalage sueurii FLEAS: Echidnophaga gallinacea (Westwood, 1875) MITES: Boydaia crassipes (Berlese & Trouessart, 1889) TICKS: Ixodes holocydus Neumann, 1899 Ptilonyssus cractici Domrow, 1964 Haemaphysalis longicomis Neumann, 1901 Ruandanyssus terpsiphonei Fain, 1957 Gymnorhina tibicen hypoleuca UCE: Myrsidea sp. Family ORlOLlDAE Brueelia semiannulata (Piaget, 1883) Oriolus flavocinctus LOUSE·FLIES: Omithoica stipituri stipituri (Schiner, 1868) MITES: Leptotrombidium nissani (Dumbleton, 1947) Omithomya nigricornis Erichson, 1842 Leptotrombidium robustum (Gunther, 1941) Ptilonyssus trouessarti (Hirst, 1921) Family CORVlDAE Corvus frugilegus Oriolus sagittatus LICE: Colpocephalum fregili Denny, 1842 MITES: Neoschoengastia posekanyi Wharton & Hardcastle, 1946 MITES: Analges sp. Ptilonyssus trouessarti (Hirst, 1921) Gabucinia sp. Sphecotheres viridis Corvus coronoides . UCE: Columbicola paradoxus Tendeiro, 1965 LICE: Colpocephalum fregili Denny, 1842 MITES: Ptilonyssus sphecotheris Damrow, 1964 Menacanthus gonophaeus (Burmeister, 1838) Myrsidea australiensis australiensis Klockenhoff,1971 Family ARTAMlDAE Brueelia sp. . Artamus personatus Philopterus craigi Price & Hellenthal, 1998 MITES: Ruandanyssus terpsiphonei Fain, 1957 TICKS: Ixodes holocyclus Neumann, 1899 Artamus superciliosus Corvus tasmanicus MITES: Artamacarus diacanthurus Gaud & Atyeo, 1974 LICE: Colpocephalum fregili Denny, 1842 Artamus cinereus Menacanthus gonophaeus (Burmeister, 1838) MITES: Ruandanyssus artami Domrow, 1969 Myrsidea australiensis australiensis Klockenhoff, 1971 Artamus cyanopterus Philopterus dalgleishi Price & Hellenthal, 1998 'UCE: Menacanthus nelsoni Price, 1976 LOUSE-FLIES: Omithomya nigricornis Erichson, 1842 MITES: Artamacarus diacanthurus Gaud & Atyeo, 1974 MITES: Knemidokoptes intermedius Fain & Macfarlane, 1967 Neocheyletiella artami Damrow, 1966 Corvus mellori Omithonyssus sylviarum (Canestrini & Fanzago, 1877) UCE: Colpocephalum fregili Denny, 1842 Artamus minor Menacanthus gonophaeus (Burmeister, 1838) MITES: Artamacarus diacanthurus Gaud & Atyeo, 1974 Myrsidea australiensis rnellori Klockenhoff, 1973 Neoschoengastia americana (Hirst, 1921) LOUSE-FLIES: Omithomya nigricomis Erichson, 1842 Ruandanyssus artami Domrow, 1969 Corvus bennetti Cracticus quoyi LICE: Colpocephalum fregili Denny, 1842 MITES: Leptotrombidium nissani (Dumbleton, 1947) Menacanthus gonophaeus (Burmeister, 1838) Ptilonyssus cractici Domrow, 1964 Myrsidea australiensis bennetti Klockenhoff, 1971 Stemostoma thienpoti Fain, 1956 Brueelia sp. Crilcticus torquatus Philopterus craigi Price & Hellenthal, 1998 MITES: Neoschoengastia posekanyi Wharton & Hardcastle, 1946 Corvus orru Ptilonyssus cractici Domrow, 1964 . LICE: Myrsidea cecilae Klockenhoff, 1972 TICKS: Ixodes sp. (L) Myrsidea schizotergum arafura Klockenhoff, 1972 Cracticus mentalis Myrsidea schizotergum schizotergum Klockenhoff, 1972 MITES: Ptilonyssus cractici Domrow, 1964 Cracticus nigrogularis Family CORCORAClDAE MITES: Neoschoengastia posekanyi Wharton & Hardcastle, 1946 Corcorax melanorhamphos Ptilonyssus cractici Domrow, 1964 LICE: Menacanthus sp. Stemostoma thienpoti Fain, 1956 Myrsidea sp. 1958 Appendix I Brueelia sp. FLEAS: Ceratophyllus gaUiriae (Schrank, 1803) Coreorides inopinatus Mey, 2004 LOUSE-FUES: Omithoica stipituri stipituri (Schiner, 1868) Paraphilopterus styloideus Mey, 2004 Ornithomya areolata Maa, 1986 MITES: Ptilonyssus eoreoracis Domrow, 1969 Ornithomya nigricornis Erichson, 1842 Struthidea cinerea Ornithomya l.Iariegata Bigot, 1885 UCE: Myrsidea cinerea (Thompson, 1939) h!ITES: Analges sp. Myrsidea struthidea Thompson, 1939 Androlaelaps casalis (Berlese, 1887) Coreorides bioeeUatus Mey, 2004 Dermanyssus gallinae (De Geer, 1778) MITES: Eutrombicula sarcina (Womersley, 1944) Mesalges sp. Leptotrombidium nissani (Dumbleton, 1947) Ornithonyssus bursa (Berlese, 1888) Neoschoengastia posekanyi Wharton & Hardcasde, 1946 Ornithonyssus sylviarum (Canestrini & Fanzago, 1877) Neosehoengastia americana (Hirst, 1921) ProetophyUodes troncatus Robin, 1877 OdontaearUS ade1aideae (Womersley, 1944) Ptilonyssus hirsti (de Castro & Pereira, 1947) Omithonyssus bursa (Berlese, 1888) TICKS: Haemaphysalis longieornis Neumann, 1901 Ptilonyssus struthideae Domrow, 1969 Ruandanyssus r:.erpsiphonei Fain, 1957 Family ESTRILDIDAE Taeniopygia guttata Family PTILONORHYNCHIDAE MITES: Neocnemidoeoptes australiensis Fain & Lukoschus, 1979 Ailuroedus crassirostris PeUonyssus reedi (Zumpr & Patterson, 1952) MITES: Neoschoengastia posekanyi Wharton & Ha'J:dcastle, 1946 Ptilonyssus astridae Fain, 1956 Ptilonyssus ailuroedi Damrow, 1964 ?Ptilonyssus eonopophilae Fain & Lukoschus, 1979 Sericu1us chrysocephalus Ptilonyssus motaeillae Fain, 1956 UCE: Brueelia heedea (Nitzsch[in Giebel], 1866) Sternostoma spo MITES: Proterothrix paradisiaca (Trouessart, 1885) Taeniopygia bichenovii Ptilonorhynchus violaceus MITES: PeUonyssus reedi (Zumpt & Patterson, 1952) UCE: Myrsidea ptilonorhynchi (Ponton, 1871) Ptilonyssus emberizae Fain, 1956 Philopterus grandieeps (Giebel, 1874) Poephila acuticauda Picicola nitzschii (Ponton, 1871) MITES: Bakericheyla ehanayi ,(Berlese & Trouessart, 1889) , Chlamydera nuchaIis Kytonyssus andrei Fain, 1960 MITES: Ptilonyssus spheeotheris _Domrow, 1964 PeUonyssus reedi (Zumpt & Patterson, 1952) Ptilonyssus astridae Fain, 1956 Family TURNAGRIDAE Ptilonyssus neoehmiae Damrow, 1969 Turnagra capensis Sternostoma paadae Fain, 1958 UCE: Brueelia sp. Poephila personata MITES: Kytodites amandal.lae Fain & Baforr, 1964 Family CALLAElDAE Ptilonyssus astridae Fain, 1956 CalIaeas cinerea Sternostoma paadae Fain, 1958 CalIaeas cinerea wilsoni, CalIaeas cinerea cinerea Sternostoma tracheacolum Lawrence, 1948 UCE: Brueelia sp. Neochmia phaeton Philopterus nol.laezealandiae Palma & Price, 2000 MITES: Ptilonyssus neoehmiae Damrow, 1969 MITES: Mesalges diaphanoxus Bonnet, 1924 Neochmia temporalis Philestumus carunculatus MITES: Pellonyssus reedi (Zumpt & Patterson, 1952) LOUSE-FLIES: Ornithomya l.Iariegata Bigot, 1885 Stagonopleura bella Philestumus carunculatus carunculatus UCE: Myrsidea spo UCE: Brueelia sp. Brueelia spo Philestumus carunculatus rufusater Lonchura punctuIata . UCE: ' Brueelia sp. MITES: Ptilonyssus motaeillae Fain, 1956 MITES: Omithonyssus bursa (Berlese, 1888) Lonchura castaneothorax Heteralocha acutirostris MITES: Ornithocheyletia lonchurae Smiley, 1984 UCE: Ra1licola (Huiacola) extinctus (Mey, 1990) Pellonyssus reedi (Zumpt & Patterson, 1952) Ptilonyssus astridae Fain, 1956 Family ALAUDIDAE Heteromunia pectoralis Mirafra javanica MITES: Ptilonyssus emberizae Fain, 1956 MITES: Ptilonyssus eapitatus (Strandtmann, 1956) 'Sternostoma tracheacolum Lawrence, 1948 Alauda arvensis Erythrura gouldiae UCE: MeTUiCanthus alaudae (Schrank, 1776) UCE: Machaerilaemus latifrons Harrison, 1915 Brueelia sp. MITES: Androlaelaps casalis (Berlese, 1887) Philopterus sp. Bakericheyla ehanayi (Berlese & Trouessart, 1889) MITES: Analges sp. Eulaelaps oudemansi Turk, 1945 ProetophyUodes (?anthi) Vitzhum, 1922 Ptilonyssus neochmiae Domrow, 1992 po1605 Pterodeetes sp. * Sternostoma paddae Fain, 1958 TICKS: Haemaphysalis longieomis Neumann, 1901 Stemostoma tracheacolum Lawrence, 1948

Family PRUNELLIDAE Family FRINGILLIDAE Prunella modularis Fringilla coelebs UCE: Philopterus sp. FLEAS: Ceratophyllus gallinae (Schrank, 1803) FLEAS: Ceratophyllus gaUinae (Schrank, 1803) LOUSE-FLIES: Ornithomya variegata Bigot, 1885 Parapsyllus struthophilus Smit, 1979 MITES: Analges spo LOUSE·FLIES: Ornithomya l.Iariegata Bigot, 1885 Monojoubertia microphylla (Robin, 1877) MITES: Analges spo Pteronyssoides sp.* Ornithonyssus bursa (Berlese, 1888) Carduelis chloris chloris ProctophyUodes spo UCE: Myrsidea serini (Seguy, 1944) Brueelia spo Family PASSERIDAE FLEAS: Ceratophyllus gaUinae (Schrank, 1803) Passer domesticus UCE: Menacanthus eurystemus (Burmeister, 1838) Brueelia cyelothorax (B1,lrmeister, 1838) * Closest to genus Appendix I 1959 MITES: Analges sp. Family SYLVIIDAE Knemidokoptes jamaicensis (Turk, 1950) Acrocephalus australis Megninia sp. MITES: Ptilonyssus acrocephali Fain, 1964 Mesalges sp. Megalurus gramineus Proctophyllodes sp. MITES: Ornithonyssus syilliarum (Canestrini & Fanzago, 1877) Carduelis carduelis carduelis .Bowdleria punctata UCE: Myrsideit serini (Seguy, 1944) UCE: Penenirmus sp. Brueelia sp. FLEAS: Notiopsylla peregrinus Smit, 1979 LOUSE-FLIES: Omithomya lIariegara Bigot, 1885 Pagipsylla galliralli (Smit, 1965) MITES: Knemidokoptes jamaicensis (Turk, 1950) Paropsyllus lynnae lynnae Smit, 1965 Carduelis flammea Cincloramphus mathewsi MITES: Omithonyssus sylliiarum (Canestrini & Fanzago, 1877) MITES: Ptilonyssus bradypteri (Fain, 1962) Cindoramphus cruralis Family MOTACILLIDAE UCE: Brueelia sp. Anthus novaeseelandiae UCE: Menacanthus pusillus (Nitzsch, 1866) Family ZOSTEROPIDAE Penenirmus sp. Zosterops lateralis Philopterus sp. UCE: Menacanthus eurystemus (Burmeister, 1838) MITES: Ptilonyssus motacillae Fain, 1956 FLEAS: Ceratophyllus gaUinae (Schrank, 1803) Anthus novaeseelandiae novaeseelandiae, Anthus novaeseelandiae Pagipsylla.galliralli (Smit, 1965) steindachneri LOUSE-FLIES: Omithomya areolata Maa, 1986 UCE: Menacanthus eurystemus (Burmeister, 1838) Omithomya nigricornis Erichson, 1842 Myrsidea sp. Omithomya lIariegata Bigo4 1885 Philopterus sp. MITES: Baydaia zosteropis Fain, 1963 MITES: Proctophyllodes (?anthi) Vitzhum, 1922 Calcealges (?yunkeri) Gaud, 1962 Ornithonyssus bursa (Berlese, 1888) Family EMBERlZIDAE Ptilonyssus ruandae Fain, 1956 Emberiza citrinella Sternostoma cuculorum Fain, 1956 UCE: Myrsideit serini (Seguy, 1944) Trouessartia megadisca Gaud, 1962 Brueelia delicata (Nitzsch, 1866) Tr0Ue5sartia sp. LOUSE-FLIES: Omithomya allicularia (Linnaeus, 1758) Omithomya lIariegata Bigot, 1885 Family MUSCICAPIDAE MITES: Analges sp. Zoothera lunulata Proctophyllodes sp. UCE: Myrsidea sp. Ptilonyssus emberizae Fain, 1956 Brueelia daumae (Clay, 1936) Philopterus sp.** Family NECTARlNIIDAE FLEAS: Hoogstraalia lIandiemeni Smit, 1958 Nectarinia jugularis MITES: Sternostoma dureni Fain, 1956 MITES: Ptilonyssus cinnyris Zumpt & Till, 1955 Sternostoma technaui Vitzhum, 1935 Turdus merula merula Family PlCAEIDAE UCE: Menacanthus eurystemus (Burmeister, 1838) Dicaeum hirundinaceum Myrsidea thoracica (Giebel, 1874) MITES: Monojoubertia parllisecurigera Atyeo, 1971 Brueelia merulensis (Denny, 1842) Monqoubertiasecurigera Atyeo,1971 Brueelia amsel (Eichler, 1951) Ptilonyssus dicaei Domrow, 1966 Philopterus turdi (Denny, 1842) FLEAS: Ceratophyllus gallinae (Schrank, 1803) Family HIRUNDlNIDAE Pagipsylla galliraUi (Smit, 1965) Cheramoeca leucosternus Parapsyllus struthophilus Smit 1979 FLEAS: Echidnophaga gallinacea (Westwood, 1875) LOUSE.FLIES: Omithoica stipituri stipituri (Schiner, 1868) lvjITES: Mesolaelops australiensis (Hirst, 1926) Omithomya nigricornis Erichson, 1842 Hirundo rustica MITES: Analges sp. UCE: Myrsidea rustica (Giebel, 1874) Androlaelaps casalis (Berlese, 1887) Philopterus excisus microsomaticus Tandan, 1955 Omithonyssus bursa (Berlese, 1888) Hirundo neoxena Omithonyssus syilliarum (Canestrini & Fanzago, UCE: Myrsidea rustica (Giebel, 1874) 1877)*** Brueelia tenuis (Burmeister, 1838) Proctophyllodes sp. Philopterus exdsus microsomaticus Tandan, 1955 Ptilonyssus euroturdi Fain & Hyland, 1963 LOUSE·FLIES: Ornithomya greeni Maa, 1986 Turdus philomelos Ornithomya nigricomis Erichson, 1842 UCE: Menacanthus eurystemus (Burmeister, 1838) MITES: . Boydaia hirundoae Fain, 1956 Brueelia turdinulae Ansari, 1956 Omithonyssus sylviarum (Canestrini & Fanzago, Philopterus turdi (Denny, 1842) 1877) . FLEAS: Ceratophyllus gallinae (Schrank, 1803) Pteronyssus sp. [NZ record] LOUSE.PLIES: Omithomya lIariegata Bigot, 1885 Ptilonyssus angrensis (de Castro, 1948) MITES: Analges sp. Ptilonyssus echinatus Berlese & Trouessart, 1889 Omithonyssus bursa (Berlese, 1888) Hirundo nigricans Ptilonyssus euroturqi Fain & Hyland, 1963 UCE: Machaerilaemus malleus (Burmeister, 1838) MITES: Ptilonyssus echinatus Berlese & Trouessart, 1889 Family STURNIDAE TICKS: Ixodes sp. (N) Aplonis metallica Hirundo ariel MITES: Ptilonyssus sturnopastoris Fain, 1963 MITES: Boydaia hirundoae Fain, 1956 Cheletonella lIespertilionis Womersley, 1941 Omithonyssus bursa (Berlese, 1888) ** The host species was reported as Zoothera lunulata in 1969 and later Omithonyssus sylviarum (Canestrini & Fanzago, Z. dauma in 1992. They were collected from Wilsons Peak, NSW. 1877) *** The original report of an intranasal habitat was withdrawn Ptilonyssus echinatus Berlese & Trouessart, 1889 (Hogsette et al. 1991). This mite usually visits the host in the nest TICKS: Argas lagenoplastis Froggatt, 1906 to obtain a blood meal. 1960 Appendix II Stumus vulgaris Pteronyssoides truncatus (Trouessart, 1885) UCE: Menacanthus eurystemus (Burmeister, 1838) Trouessartia rosteri (Berlese, 1883) Brueelia nebulosa (Burmeister, 1838) TICKS: Ixodes sp. (N) Stumidoecus sturni (Schrank, 1776) Acridotheres tristis FLEAS: Ceratophyllus gaIlinae (Schrank, 1803) UCE: Menacanthus eurystemus (Burmeister, 1838) LOUSE-FLIES: Omithomya nigricornis Erichson, 1842 Stumidoecus sp. MITES: Analgopsis passerinus (Linnaeus, 1758) MITES: Analges sp. Boydaia stumi (Boyd, 1948) Analgopsis (?passerinus) (Linnaeus, 1758) Dermanyssus gallinae (De Geer, 1778) Omithonyssus sylviarum (Canestrini & Fanzago, 1877) Omithonyssus bursa (Berlese, 1888) Proctophyllodes sp. Omithonyssus sylviarum (Canestrini & Fanzago, 1877) Pteronyssoides (?truncatus) (Trouessart, 1885) Proctophyllodes sp. Trouessartia (?rosteri) (Berlese, 1883)

Table 1. Genera of lice associated with families of birds.

SUB·ORDERS, AND GENERA OF LICE Amblycera Ischnocera Passeriformes Acanthisittidae Menacanthus Pittidae Picicola Menuridae Menacanthus Brueelia Maluridae Myrsidea Brueelia, Philopterus Meliphagidae Menacanthus, Myrsidea, Ricinus Brueelia, Philopterus Pardalotidae Menacanthus, Myrsidea, Ricinus Philopterus Petroicidae Menacanthus, Ricinus Brueelia, Philopterus Pomatostomidae Brueelia Cinclosomatidae Brueelia, Philopterus Pachycephalidae Menacanthus, Myrsidea Brueelia, Philopterus Dicruridae Menacanthus, Myrsidea, Ricinus Brueelia, Phi1.opterus Campephagidae Myrsidea Brueelia, Philopterus Oriolidae Columbicola Artamidae Menacanthus, Myrsidea Australophilopterus, Brueelia, Picicola Paradisaeidae Myrsidea Corvidae Colpocephalum, Menacanthus, Myrsidea Brueelia, Phi1.opterus Corcoracidae Menacanthus, Myrsidea Brueelia, Corcorides, Paraphiloprerus Ptilonorhynchidae Myrsidea Brueelia, Philopterus, Picicola Tumagridae Brueelia Callaeidae Brueelia, Philopterus, Rallicola Alaudidae Menacanthus Brueelia, Philopterus Prunellidae Philopterus Passeridae Menacanthus Brueelia Estrildidae MachaerilaemuS, Myrsidea Brueelia Fringillidae Myrsidea Brueelia Motacillidae Menacanthus, Myrsidea Penenirmus, Philopterus Emberizidae Myrsidea Brueelia Hirundinidae Machaerilaemus, Myrsidea Brueelia, Philopterus Sylviidae Brueelia, Penenirmus Zosteropidae Menacanthus Muscicapidae Menacanthus, Myrsidea Brueelia, Philopterus Stumidae Menacanthus Brueelia, Sturnidoecus 1964 ADDENDUM: APPENDIX II - Volume 3

ECTOPARASITES OF AUSTRALIAN, NEW ZEALAND AND ANTARCTIC BIRDS M.D. MurrayA, R.L. PalmaB and R.L.e. Pilgrimc

INTRODUCTION FLEAS This checklist covers the ectoparasites of birds described in Calder, A.A. 1996. Zool. Cat. Aust. 28: 136-97. Volume 3 of It was not published in Volume 3 Dunnet, G.M., & D.K. Mardon. 1974. Aust. ]. Zool. Suppl. Ser. 30: HANZAB. , 273. owing to lack of space. For completeness, we have included Smit, F.G.A.M. 1979.]. R. Soc. NZ 9: 143-232. new ectoparasite records and other nomenclatorial novelties - 1987. An IUustrated Catalogue of the Rothschild Collection of Fleas published since the publication of Volume 3. (Siphonaptera) in the British Museum (Natural History). VII. Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist., London. SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY LICE LOUSE-FLIES Green, R.H., & R.L Palma. 1991. Rec. Queen Viet. Mus. 100: 1-43. Maa, T.C. 1966. Pac. Insects M~gr. 10: 1-148. Palma, R.L. 1999..Notornis 46: 373-87. --1969. Pac. Insects Monogr. 20: 1-312. - 2000. NZ]. Zool. 27(2): 121-8. - 1986.]. Taiwan Mus. 39: 83-92. --, & S.C. Barker. 1996. Zool. Cat. Aust. 26: 81-247. Pilgrim, R.LC., R.L. Palma. 1982. (Suppl.) 29: 32. & Notornis TICKS Price, R.D., 2000.]. 86(5):948-50. et al. Parasitol. Dumbleton, L.J. 1961. NZ]. Sci. 4: 760-9. Stranger, R.H., & R.L Palma. 1998. 19: 169-86. Rec. West. Aust. Mus. -1963. Tuatara 11: 72-8. Heath, A.C.G. 1977. Tuatara 23: 26-39. A 17 Ashmore Ave, Pymble, New South Wales 2073, Australia Keirans, J.E. 1984. U.S. DeptAgric. Misc. Publ. 1438: 1785. B Museum ofNew Zealand, PO Box 467, Wellington, New Zealand Kaiser, M., & H. Hoogstral. 1974. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 67: 5-10. C Department of Zoology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch --,--1975. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 68: 585-90. 1, New Zealand ' Roberts, F.H.S. 1970. Australian TICks. CSIRO PubIs, Melbourne.

CHECKLIST OF ECTOPARASITES Calidris tenuirostris LICE: Actomithophilus sp. Family SCOLOPACIDAE Lunaceps drosti Timmermann, 1954 Coenocorypha pusilla Saemundssonia (Saemundssonia) tringae sibiriae Martens, LICE: Quadraceps coenocoryphae Timmermann, 1955 1974 FLEAS: ParapsyUus longicomis (Enderlein,1901) Calidris canutus ParapsyUus lynnae mariae Smit, 1979 LICE: Actomithophilus umbrinus (Burmeister, 1838) Coenocorypha auckIandica huegeli Austromenopon lutescens (Burmeister, 1838) LICE: Quadraceps coenocoryphae Timmermann, 1955 Carduieeps zonarius (Nitzsch [in Giebel], 1866) FLEAS: Parapsyllus lynnae lynnae Smit, 1965 Lunaceps drosti Timmermann, 1954 Coenocorypha auckIandica meinertzhagenae Saemundssonia (Saemundssonia) tringae tringae LICE: Austromenopon sp. (0. Fabricius, 1780) FLEAS: PagipsyUagalliralli (Smit, 1965) Calidris alba ParapsyUus cardinis Dunnet, 1961 LICE: Actornithophilus umbrinus (Burmeister, 1838) Coenocorypha aucklandica aucklandica Carduiceps zonarius (Nitzsch [in Giebel], 1866) LICE: Austromenopon sp. Lunaceps actophilus (Kellogg & Chapman, 1899) Quadraceps coenocoryphae Timmerman, 1955 Calidris ruficollis . Limosa Iimosa LICE: Actornithophilus umbrinus (Burmeister, 1838) LICE: Actornithophilus spinulosus (Piaget, 1880) Carduiceps zonarius (Nitzsch [in Giebel], 1866) Austromenopon limosae Timmermann; 1954 Lunaceps sp. Carduieeps cingulatus (Denny, 1842) Saemundssonia (S(1emundssonia) tringae tringae Lunaceps limosella Timmermann, 1954 (0. Fabricius, 1780) Saemundssonia (Saemundssonia) thompsoni Calidris melanotos Timmermann, 1951 LICE: Actornithophilus umbrinus (Burmeister, 1838) Limosa lapponica Calidris acuminata LICE: Actornithophilus limosae (Kellogg, 1908) LICE: Actomithophilus umbrinus (Burmeister, 1838) Austromenopon meyeri (Giebel, 1874) Carduiceps zonarius (Nitzsch [in Giebel], 1866) Carduieeps cingulatus (Denny, 1842) Lunaceps sp. Lunaceps limosella Timmermann, 1954 Calidris ferruginea Saemundssonia (Saemundssonia) limosae (Denny, 1842) LIcE: Actomithophilus umbrinus (Burmeister, 1838) Numenius phaeopus Lunaceps incoenis (Kellogg & Chapman, 1899) LICE: Austromenopon phaeopodis(Schrank, 1802) Lunaceps nun:enii oliveri (Jo~nston ~ ~atrison, 1~12) Family GLAREOLIDAE Saemundssonlll (Saemundssorua) scolopaClSphaeopodis Glareola maldivarum scolopacisphaeopodis (Schrank, 1803) LICE: Actomithophilus sp. Numenius madagascariensis Austromenopon sp. LICE: Lunaceps numenii numenii (Denny, 1842) Quadraceps eUipticus (Nitzseh [in Giebel], 1866) Arenaria interpres LICE: Actornithophilus bicolor (Piaget, 1880) Family LARIDAE Actornithophilus pediculoides (Mjoberg, 1910) Catharacta skua lonnbergi . Austromenopon lute5cens (Burmeister, 1838) LICE: Austromenopon fuscofasciatum (Piaget, 1880) Quadraceps strepsilaris (Denny, 1842) Haffneria grandis (Piaget, 1880) Addendum 1965 Saemuruissonia (Saemuruissonia) euryrhyncha Sterna hirundo (Giebel,1874) UeE: Quadraceps seUatus (Burmeister, 1838) FLEAS: ParapsyUus heardi de Meillon, 1952 Sterna paradisaea Catharacta maccormicki UCE: Quadraceps houri Hopkins, 1949 UeE: AustTomenopon fuscofasciatum (Piaget, 1880) Saemundssonia (Saemuruissonia) lockleyi Clay, 1949 Haffneria grandis (Piaget, 1880) Sterna vittata Quadraceps alpha (Kellogg, 1914) ueE: AustTomenopon atTofulvum (Piaget, 1880) Saemuruissonia (Saemuruissonia) euryrhyncha Quadraceps houri Hopkins, 1949 (Giebel,1874) Quadraceps sellatus (Burmeister, 1838) Stercorarius parasiticus Saemuruissonia (Saemuruissonia) lockleyi Clay, 1949 UeE: AustTomenopon fuscofasciatum (Piaget, 1880) Sterna albostriatus Haffneria grandis (Piaget, 1880) UeE: Quadraceps sp. Quadraceps normifer normifer (Grube, 1851) Sterna albifrons Saemuruissonia (Saemuruissonia) cephaluS (Denny, 1842) UCE: Quadraceps nychthemerus (Burmeister, 1838) Stercorarius longicaudus Saemuruissonia (Saemundssonia) meZanocephalus UeE: AustTomenopon fuscofasciatum (Piaget, 1880) (Burmeister, 1838) Quadraceps normifer parvopallidus (Eichler, 1951) Sterna nereis Saemuruissonia (Saemuruissonia) inexpectata ' UeE: Quadraceps nychthemerus (Burmeister, 1838) Timmermann, 1951 Saemuruissonia (Saemuruissonia) melanocephalus 'tarus pacificus (Burmeister, 1838) UeE: Quadraceps punctatus ventosus Timmermann, 1952 TICKS: Ixodes kohlsi Arthur, 1955 Saemuruissonia (Saemuruissonia) Zan Sterna anaethetus (0. Fabricius, 1780) UeE: Austromenopon atTofulvum (Piaget, 1880) Larns dominicanus Quadraceps legatus Timmermann, 1952 UeE: Actornithophilus piceus Zan (Packard, 1870) Saemuruissonia (Saemuruissonia) meridiana AustTomenopon tTansversum (Denny, 1842) Timmermann, 1950 Quadraceps omatus fuscoZaminulatus (Enderlein, 1908) Saemundssonia (Saemuruissonia) lockleyi Clay, 1949 Quadraceps punctatus (Burmeister, 1838) sensu lato Sterna fuscata Saemuruissonia (Saemuruissonia) Zan UeE: AustTomenopon atTofulvum (Piaget, 1880) (0. Fabricius, 1780) , Quadraceps birostTis (Giebel, 1874) FLEAS: NotiopsyUa kerguelensis kerguelensis (Taschenberg, 1880) Saemuruissonia (Saemuruissonia) albemarlensis ParapsyUus longicomis (Enderlein, 1901) (Kellogg & Kuwana, 1902) ParapsyUus nestoris nestoris Smit, 1965 TICKS: Amblyomma loculosum Neumann, 1907 TICKS: Ixodes eudyptidis Maskell, 1885 Ornithodoros capensis Neumann, 1901 Larus novaehollandiae novaehollandiae Chlidonias hybridus UCE: Actornithophilus piceus Zan (Packard, 1870) UCE: AustTomenopon atTofulvum (Piaget, 1880) AustTomenopon tTansversum (Denny, 1842) Quadraceps anagrapsus (Nitzsch [in Giebel], 1866) Quadraceps punctatus linguZatus (Waterston, 1914) Saemuruissonia (Saemundssonia) lobaticeps lobaticeps Saemuruissonia (Saemuruissonia) Zan (Giebel, 1874) (0. Fabricius, 1780) Chlidonias leucopterus FLEAS: ParapsyUus austTaliacus Rothschild, 1909 UCE: AustTomenopon atTofulvum (Piaget, 1880) TICKS: Ixodes eudyptidis Maskell, 1885 Anous stolidus Lams novaehollandiae scopulinus UCE: Actornithophilus incisus (Piaget, 1880) UCE: Actornithophilus piceus Zan (Packard, 1870) Quadraceps separatus (Kellogg & Kuwana, 1902) AustTomenopon tTansversum (Denny, 1842) Anous minutus Quadraceps punctatus lingulatus (Waterston,1914) UCE: Actornithophilus ceruleus (Timmermann, 1954) Saemuruissonia (Saemuruissonia) Zan AustTomenopon atTofulvum (Piaget, 1880) (0. Fabricius, 1780) Quadraceps hopkinsi hopkinsi Timmermann, 1952 FLEAS: ParapsyUus longicomis (Enderlein, 1901) Saemuruissonia (Saemuruissonia) lobaticeps remota ParapsyUus magelZanicus magelZanicus Jordan, 1938 Timmermann, 1951 TICKS: Ixodes eudyptidis MaskelL 1885 TICKS: . Amblyomma loculosum Neumann, 1907 Ornithodoros capensis Neumann, 1901 Ornithodoros eapensis Neumann, 1901 Larns bulleri Anous tenuirostris UCE:, AustTomenopon tTansversurn (Denny, 1842) UCE: Actornithophilus cemleus (Timmermann, 1954) "\ Quadraceps punctatus (Burmdster, 1838) sensu lato Quadraceps hopkinsi hopkinsi Timmermann, 1952 Saemuruissonia (Saemuruissonia) Zari (0. Fabricius, Procelsterna cerulea albivittata 1780) UCE: Actomithophilus ceruleus (Timmermann, 1954) Sterna caspia AustTomenopon atTofulvum (Piaget, 1880) .LICE: AustTomenopon atTofulvum (Piaget, 1880) Quadraceps hopkinsi apophoretus _ Quadraceps caspius (Giebel,1874) Timmermann, 1969 Sterna bengalensis Gygis alba UCE: AustTomenopon atTofulvum (Piaget, 1880) UeE: Saemuruissonia (Saemuruissonia) sp. Quadraceps selZatus (Burmeister, 1838) Saemuruissonia (Saemuruissonia) laticaudata Family COLUMBIDAE (Rudow, 1869) Columba Iivia Sterna bergii UCE: BonomielZa columbae Emerson,·1957 UCE:· Actornithophilus piceus piceus (Denny, 1842) Campanulotes bidentatus compar (Burmeister, 1838) AustTomenopon atTofulvum (Piaget, 1880) Coloceras damicome (Nitzsch, 1866) Quadraceps seUatus (Burmeister, 1838) Colpocephalum turbinatum Denny, 1842 Saemuruissonia (Saemuruissonia) la:ricaudota (Rudow, 1869) ColumbicoZa columbae (Linnaeus, 1758) Sterna bergii cristata HohorstieUa Zata (Piaget, 1880) UCE: Actornithophilus piceus piceus (De/.Uly, 1842) FLEAS: Echidnophaga gallinacea (Westwood, 1875) Sterna striata TICKS: Argas persicus group UCE: AustTomenopon atTofulvum (Piaget, 1880) Streptopelia senegalensis c Quadraceps seUatus (Burmeister, 1838) UeE: Coloceras piageti (Johnston & Harrison, 1912) Saemuruissonia (Saemuruissonia) stemae Streptopelia chinensis chinensis (Linnaeus, 1758) UeE: Coloeeras chinense (Kellogg & Chapman, 1902) 1966 Addendum Streptopelia chinensis tigrina Ocyphaps lophotes UCE: Coloceras chinense (Kellogg & Chapman, 1902) UCE: Campanulotes durdeni Price, Clayton & Adams, 2000 Coloceras piageti (Johnston & Harrison, 1912) Coloceras sp. Colpocephalum longicaudum Columbicola mckeani Tendeiro, 1973 Nitzsch [in Giebel], 1866 FlEAS: Echidnophaga ga1linacea (Westwood, 1875) Phaps chalcoptera Geophaps plumifera UCE: Campanulotes flaws (Rudow, 1869) UCE: Coloceras sp. Coloceras grande Tendeiro, 1973 Columbicola sp. Columbicolaangustus (Rudow, 1869) Ptilinopus magnificus magnificus, Ptilinopus magnificus assimilis Physconelloides strangeri Tendeiro,1980 UCE: Columbicola harrisoni Tendeiro, 1965 LOUSE-FLIES: Omithomya nigricomis Erichson, 1842 Lopholaimus antarcticus Phaps chalcoptera chalcoptera UCE: Coloceras fureatum (K~ler, 1939) UCE: Columbicola tasmaniensis Tendeiro, 1967 Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae novaeseelandiae Physconelloides australiensis Tendeiro, 1969 UCE: HohorstieUa sp. Phaps elegans Coloceras novaeseelandiae (Tendeiro, 1972) UCE: Campanulotes elegans (Tendeiro, 1978) Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae chathamensis Coloceras sp. UCE: Coloceras harrisoni (Tendeiro, 1972) Columbicola tasmaniensis Tendeiro, 1967 Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae spadicea Physconelloides australiensis Tendeiro, 1969 UCE: Coloceras hemiphagae (Tendeiro, 1972) LOUSE-FLIES: Omithomya nigricomis Erichson, 1842 Coloceras restinccum (Tendeiro, 1972)

Table 1.. Genera of lice associated with families of birds.

SUB-ORDERS AND GENERA OFLICE Amblycera o Ischnocera Charadriiformes )acanidae Ra1licola, Saemundssonia Chionididae Actomithophilus Quadraceps, Saemundssonia Haematopodidae Aetomithophilus Quadraceps, Saemundssonia Recurvirostridae Austromenopon Quadraceps, Saemundssonia Charadriidae Actomithophilus, Austromenopon Quadraceps, Saemundssonia Scolopacidae Tringinae Actomithophilus, Austromenopon Carduiceps, Lunaceps, Saemundssonia Arenariinae Actomithophilus, Austromenopon Quadraceps Calidrininae Actomithophilus Carduiceps, Lunaceps, Saemundssonia Glareolidae Actomithophilus, Austromenopon Quadraceps Laridae Actomithophilus, Austromenopon Haffneria, Quadr~ps. Saemundssonia Cohunbiformes Columbidae Bonomiella, ColpocePM.!um, HohorstieUa Campanulotes, Coloceras, Columbicola, Physconelloides .