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Cairngorms Trails Through Time

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Cairngorms Trails Through Time TRAILS Scottish Natural Heritage is a government body that works to conserve and enhance Scotland's wildlife, habitats and landscapes. We aim to help people better understand and enjoy Scotland's natural heritage THROUGH TIME so that it can be sustained for future generations. IN THE CAIRNGORMS NATIONAL PARK Forestry Commission Scotland is the forestry department of the Scottish Executive, advising on and implementing forestry policy. Our mission is to protect and expand Scotland's forests and woodlands and to increase their value to society and the environment. Set up in September 2003, the Cairngorms National Park is the largest in Britain. The park is a refuge for a host of rare plants and creatures, including 25% of the U.K's threatened species. FARLEITTER CRAG TRAIL 3.5kms/1.5hrs ALLT MOR TRAIL 5.5kms/2.5hrs RYVOAN TRAIL 7kms/3hrs 3 TRAILS INSIDE ??4K0404 Barcode ISBN 1 85397 ??? ? A CIP record is held at the British Library. Discover the dramatic story of the Cairngorms Price £2.00 Scottish Natural Heritage. www.snh.org.uk with these pictorial guides to 3 family walks TRAILS THROUGH TIME ANCIENT PEAKS AND MOLTEN ROCK, TROPICAL MOUNTAINS, ICE AGE GLACIERS...the Cairngorms have dramatic stories to tell. Ancient peaks and molten rock... These mountains have not always looked as they do today...400 million years ago, long before the dinosaurs, they were part of a huge mountain chain, higher than the Alps, that stretched from North America to Norway. Beneath those mountains molten rock solidified into granite. Tropical mountains... Millions of years of erosion wore down those craggy mountains and periods of warm, wet climate left rounded granite summits and shallow valleys. Today, that ancient rolling landscape can still be seen on the high Cairngorm plateau but elsewhere, the Ice Age glaciers changed things completely. Ice Age glaciers... Over the last 2 million years, global climate fluctuated regularly and Scotland had up to 18 distinct Ice Ages. In the Cairngorms you can see signs of ice action everywhere. Steep glens and corries, ice scoured rocks and vast heaps of sand, gravel and other rock debris are just a few of the features left behind by the glaciers. Cairngorms today... Today the Cairngorms are still changing, and frost, floods, landslides, peat formation, and human activity all continue to leave their marks on the landscape. TRAILS THR GH TIME OU help you fin explores gy of 3 Cairngorms walks guides d clues to re the landscape and geolo . Let the pictorial veal the exciting stories. BULLDOZERS creeping BOULDERS at work SURFING stones It may not look like it, but in places soil and rocks on the higher slopes are slowly creeping downhill. In spring, as deeply frozen ground thaws, water is trapped in the Look at the middle part of a scar. What you see is not just stony ALLT MòR soil and the soggy mix carries rocks and plants down the slope. This soil... it's a mixture of rocks and mud left behind by a glacier is solifluction; it's typical of arctic 15,000 years ago. climates. Over the thousands of This glacier came from the huge icefields that covered most of years since the glaciers the Scottish Highlands at that time. Acting like a monster melted, solifluction has Use our bulldozer, the ice pushed rocks and mud before it, plastering art formed crescent shaped ist's on the mountainsides and leaving mounds and ridges known as impressi lobes on many mountains. moraines. The moraines here could have come from up to nce of th Can you spot any on the to unco ide e Al past. 50kms away, perhaps from the Loch Laggan area. ver ev lt Mòr's icy slopes above? a r t i s t i m p r e s s i o n n o t t o s c a l e S W E N ICY KNIFE cuts gorge ath is wn n p sho by O How was this huge gorge formed? To find the answer, we must Mai O O O go back to the Ice Age. DEEP heat 15,000 years ago, a glacier filled Glenmore and every spring and summer a deluge of icy meltwater would have poured from the ice. Over 400 million years ago, This water thundered east along the edge of the glacier, eroding a Scotland was part of a massive deep glacial meltwater channel. But notice the bend in the channel. mountain chain, higher than the Alps. Deep within The edge of the glacier extended east-west so why does the those mountains bubbled the molten rock that was to solidify into SCAR tissue channel suddenly turn north? trickle to the granite heart of the Cairngorms. Feel the roughness of a granite How old are these scars? Most of them are over 100 years old! They At this point the meltwater river, finding a weak point, plunged boulder and look for crystals of its three minerals; are landslips, caused when massive, but very infrequent floods, cut under the ice, cutting a new channel at an angle TORRENT •quartz (clear) into the gorge sides. The last recorded to its original course. •feldspar (pink or white) flood of such a huge size was the Don't be deceived, the Allt Mór, is a truly wild river and after Look for rounded boulders at the • mica (black) Muckle Spate of August 1829. summer thunderstorms or rapid snowmelts it can quickly tops of the scars... that's the Cairngorm granite contains a lot of feldspar and often appears Over time falling stones pile up become a raging torrent. Boulder-moving floods are rare, say bed of the ancient meltwater pink; the Gaelic name for these hills is Am Monadh Ruadh, the red and cover the cut with 'scree', 50 years apart, but every day small stones and sand are river, still visible today hill-range. but this is often swept away by flushed downstream. Over thousands of years, all this material further smaller floods, so the has settled to form a broad alluvial fan, now hidden by forest. scars remain looking fresh. TAKE CARE! MAIN ROAD. RISTRUHTIME THROUGH TRAILS ALLT MòR ALLT Map by Forestry Commission Scotland. Copyright controller, HMSO-6M-AL-March 2002 HMSO-6M-AL-March controller, Copyright Scotland. Commission Forestry by Map ([email protected]) ([email protected]) Swailes Janet : : n n o o i i t t a a r r t t s s u u l l l l I and discover how the raw power of I Scottish Natural Heritage Heritage Natural Scottish : : n n g g i i s s e e D D © Scottish Natural Heritage 2004 Heritage Natural Scottish © i 738 458530 F: 01738 458613 E: [email protected] W: www.snh.org.uk W: [email protected] E: 458613 01738 F: 458530 738 01 c T: e Publications, Scottish Natural Heritage, Battleby, Redgorton, Perth PH1 3EW PH1 Perth Redgorton, Battleby, Heritage, Natural Scottish Publications, e a her copies available from: available copies her rt Fu g r n o d g w r a ò Ranger the from leaflet Walk Cas Coire a collect and Centre t e or a more strenuous summer walk , call at the Information the at call , walk summer strenuous more a or M F r t l s l h www.speysideway.org visit or A a c p 881266, 01340 on Service Ranger the contact Spey; i e t ollow the Speyside Way at Aviemore or Grantown-on- or Aviemore at Way Speyside the ollow •F d a t m walks. guided summer of h a i r details for 661518 01540 call Reserve; Nature Marshes s d alk the River Feshie from Feshiebridge to the Insh Insh the to Feshiebridge from Feshie River the alk w •W e i l h www.nethybridge.com d t l bernethy centre on 01479 821565, or visit visit or 821565, 01479 on centre bernethy A g an n alk by the River Nethy at Abernethy; call the Explore Explore the call Abernethy; at Nethy River the by alk •W d o l s a c a e area? the in walks p m e i t river other explore not why If you enjoyed this trail this enjoyed you If t h l r A o i F u g h E M a H r T t E T I K A L Y a o n Before you start BOULDERS HOW TO FIND THE • This trail follows the Allt Mòr river. Allt Mòr is Gaelic for ‘Big Burn’. There are no Trails Through Time signs on the The boulders scattered around the Allt Mòr hold clues about the past. ALLT MòR TRAIL ground but the gravel path is easy to follow. As you walk pick out some interesting boulders •You can join the trail at several points but most people and do a little detective work... start at the Allt Mòr Car Park, follow the path up to the Ski Car Park and return by the same route. See ‘HOW TO FIND THE ALLT MÒR TRAIL’. HOW LONG HAVE THESE BOULDERS • Allow 2.5 hours for a family to walk the 5.5kms up and BEEN HERE? back, at an easy pace. Our artist's illustration is not New arrivals: the cleanest ones. They've arrived within the last HOW MUCH WATER POWER BROUGHT to scale. five years and are still clean from being trundled and scraped YOUR BOULDERS HERE? • Don't feel like walking uphill? Catch the bus to the top along the riverbed.
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