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Programming with Wt a C++ Library for Developing Stateful and Highly Interactive Web Applications

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Programming with Wt a C++ Library for Developing Stateful and Highly Interactive Web Applications Programming with Wt A C++ library for developing stateful and highly interactive web applications A RMIN S OBHANI ( ASOBHANI @ SHARCNET. CA) SHARCNET U NIVERSITY OF O NTARIO INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY J UNE 2 4 , 2 0 1 5 Outline • Library Overview • A typical web application developed using Wt • Installation • Hello World! • Signals and Slots • Interactive Hello World • Widget Gallery • Wt Variants June 24, 2015 PROGRAMMING WITH WT - ARMIN SOBHANI 2 Library Overview June 24, 2015 PROGRAMMING WITH WT - ARMIN SOBHANI 3 What is Wt (‘witty’) C++ library and application server for developing web applications Free and open source (http://www.webtoolkit.eu/) Widget-centric rather than page-centric web toolkit Brings desktop programming model to web development Similar in concept to Qt and wxWindows Supports fallback mechanism for maximum browser compatibility Mature, robust, feature reach, well documented and well supported June 24, 2015 PROGRAMMING WITH WT - ARMIN SOBHANI 4 Core Library Supports major browsers (Firefox/Gecko, Internet Explorer, Safari, Chrome, Konqueror, Opera and Wt Features web crawlers) Develop and deploy on Unix/Linux/Mac or at a Glance Microsoft Windows (Visual Studio) environments . Core Library Equal behavior with or without support for . Event Handling JavaScript or Ajax . Native Painting System Efficient rendering and (sub-) millisecond latency . Built-in Security . Object Relational Integrated Unicode support and pervasive Mapping Library localization . Unit Testing Support for browser history navigation . Deployment (back/forward buttons and bookmarks) June 24, 2015 PROGRAMMING WITH WT - ARMIN SOBHANI 5 Event Handling Type safe signal/slot API for responding to events Listens for keyboard, mouse, focus, scroll or Wt Features drag’n’drop events at a Glance Automatically synchronizes form field data from . Core Library browser to server and tracks server-side changes to be rendered in browser . Event Handling . Native Painting System Integrate with JavaScript libraries . Built-in Security Timed events and server-initiated updates . Object Relational ("server push") Mapping Library . Unit Testing Uses plain HTML CGI, Ajax or WebSockets . Deployment June 24, 2015 PROGRAMMING WITH WT - ARMIN SOBHANI 6 Native Painting System Unified 2D painting API which uses the browsers native (vector) graphics support (inline VML, inline SVG, or HTML5 canvas), or renders to Wt Features common image formats (PNG, GIF, ...) or vector at a Glance formats (SVG, PDF) . Core Library Unified GL-based 3D painting API which uses WebGL in the browser or server-side OpenGL . Event Handling (fallback) . Native Painting System Rich set of 2D and 3D charting widgets . Built-in Security . Object Relational Mapping Library . Unit Testing . Deployment June 24, 2015 PROGRAMMING WITH WT - ARMIN SOBHANI 7 Built-in Security Kernel-level memory protection Supports encryption and server authentication using Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) or Transport Layer Security (TLS) through Wt Features HTTPS Enables continuous use of HTTPS through low bandwidth at a Glance requirements (fine-grained Ajax) . Core Library Built-in Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) prevention . Event Handling Not vulnerable to Cross-site Request Forgery (CSRF) . Native Painting System Not vulnerable to breaking the application logic by skipping to a . Built-in Security particular URL . Object Relational Session hijacking mitigation and risk prevention Mapping Library DoS mitigation . Unit Testing A built-in authentication module implements best practices for . Deployment authentication, and supports third party identity providers using OAuth 2.0, and (later) OpenID Connect June 24, 2015 PROGRAMMING WITH WT - ARMIN SOBHANI 8 Object Relational Mapping Library (Wt::Dbo) Maps Many-to-One and Many-to-Many relations to STL- compatible collections Provides schema generation (aka DDL: data definition Wt Features language) and CRUD operations (aka DML: data at a Glance manipulation language) . Core Library Each session tracks dirty objects and provides a first- level cache . Event Handling . Native Painting System Flexible querying which can query individual fields, objects, or tuples of any of these (using Boost.Tuple) . Built-in Security . Object Relational Comes with Sqlite3, Firebird, MariaDB/MySQL and Mapping Library PostgreSQL backends . Unit Testing . Deployment June 24, 2015 PROGRAMMING WITH WT - ARMIN SOBHANI 9 Unit Testing Event handling code constructs and manipulates a widget tree, which can easily be inspected by Wt Features test code Wt::Test::WTestEnvironment allows application to at a Glance be instantiated and events to be simulated in . Core Library absence of a browser . Event Handling . Native Painting System . Built-in Security . Object Relational Mapping Library . Unit Testing . Deployment June 24, 2015 PROGRAMMING WITH WT - ARMIN SOBHANI 10 Deployment Built-in httpd (libwthttp) . Simple, high-performance web application server (multi- threaded, asynchronous I/O) based on the C++ asio library Wt Features . Supports the HTTP(S) and WebSocket(S) protocols . Supports response chunking and compression at a Glance . Single process (convenient for development and debugging), . Core Library and embeddable in an existing application . Available for both UNIX and Win32 platforms . Event Handling . Native Painting System FastCGI (libfcgi) • Integrates with most common web servers (apache, lighttpd) . Built-in Security • Different session-to-process mapping strategies . Object Relational • Available only for UNIX platforms Mapping Library . Unit Testing ISAPI • Integrates with Microsoft IIS server . Deployment • Uses the ISAPI asynchronous API for maximum performance • Available for the Win32 platform June 24, 2015 PROGRAMMING WITH WT - ARMIN SOBHANI 11 Wt Licensing OPEN SOURCE COMMERCIAL GNU General Public License (GPL) The source code must be available to anyone who you give the application to install the application on its own server. June 24, 2015 PROGRAMMING WITH WT - ARMIN SOBHANI 12 Sample Public Web Application Developed using Wt http://pele.bsc.es June 24, 2015 PROGRAMMING WITH WT - ARMIN SOBHANI 13 Installation June 24, 2015 PROGRAMMING WITH WT - ARMIN SOBHANI 14 System Requirements (Mandatory) CMake cross-platform make utility ( >= 2.6 is preferred ) boost C++ library ( >= 1.41 is preferred) Installation Boost.Date_Time • System Requirements Boost.Regex . Mandatory . Optional Boost.Program_options . Connectors Boost.Signals • Unix • Windows Boost.Random Boost.System Boost.Thread June 24, 2015 PROGRAMMING WITH WT - ARMIN SOBHANI 15 System Requirements (Optional) OpenSSL For HTTPS protocol by the web client (Http::Client) and web server (wthttp connector) Libharu Installation Rendering support for PDF documents • System Requirements . Mandatory GraphicsMagick . Optional For outputs to raster images like PNG or GIF . Connectors • Unix Pango For text rendering of TrueType fonts in • Windows WPdfImage and WRasterImage PostgreSQL, MySQL, and Firebird For the ORM library (Wt::Dbo) June 24, 2015 PROGRAMMING WITH WT - ARMIN SOBHANI 16 System Requirements (Connectors) FastCGI (Unix only) • Apache 1 or 2, or any web server which supports the FastCGI protocol Installation • Apache mod_fastcgi • System Requirements . Mandatory . Optional Built-in http deamon, wthttpd . Connectors • libz (for compression-over-HTTP) • Unix • OpenSSL (for HTTPS support) • Windows ISAPI (Win32 only) June 24, 2015 PROGRAMMING WITH WT - ARMIN SOBHANI 17 Unix Ubuntu $ sudo apt-get install witty witty-dev witty-doc witty-dbg witty-examples Installation Others (Linux, MacOS) $ git clone git://github.com/kdeforche/wt.git • System Requirements $ cd wt . Mandatory $ mkdir build . Optional $ cd build . Connectors $ cmake ../ $ ccmake . • Unix $ make • Windows $ sudo make install June 24, 2015 PROGRAMMING WITH WT - ARMIN SOBHANI 18 Windows Binary builds: http://sourceforge.net/projects/witty/files/wt/ Installation • System Requirements . Mandatory . Optional . Connectors • Unix • Windows June 24, 2015 PROGRAMMING WITH WT - ARMIN SOBHANI 19 Hello World! June 24, 2015 PROGRAMMING WITH WT - ARMIN SOBHANI 20 #include <QApplication> #include <QPushButton> int main(int argc, char **argv) { QApplication app(argc, argv); QPushButton button("Hello world!"); Qt button.show(); Hello World! return app.exec(); } June 24, 2015 PROGRAMMING WITH WT - ARMIN SOBHANI 21 hello.cpp #include <Wt/WApplication> #include <Wt/WPushButton> using namespace Wt; class HelloApplication : public WApplication { public: HelloApplication(const WEnvironment& env); Wt }; • hello.cpp HelloApplication::HelloApplication(const WEnvironment& env) : WApplication(env) • Compiling / Linking { root()->addWidget(new WPushButton("Hello World!")); • Program Options } WApplication* createApplication(const WEnvironment& env) • Running { return new HelloApplication(env); } int main(int argc, char** argv) { return WRun(argc, argv, &createApplication); } June 24, 2015 PROGRAMMING WITH WT - ARMIN SOBHANI 22 Compiling / Linking $ g++ hello.cpp -o hello -lwt -lwthttp Wt • hello.cpp • Compiling / Linking • Program Options • Running June 24, 2015 PROGRAMMING WITH WT - ARMIN SOBHANI 23 Program Options $ ./hello --help Wt • hello.cpp • Compiling / Linking • Program Options • Running June 24, 2015 PROGRAMMING WITH WT - ARMIN SOBHANI 24 Running $ ./hello --docroot . --http-address 0.0.0.0 --http-port 8080 Wt • hello.cpp • Compiling / Linking • Program Options • Running June 24, 2015 PROGRAMMING WITH WT - ARMIN SOBHANI
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