DOCSLIB.ORG

Grounding the Linking Competence in Culture and Nature

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Grounding the Linking Competence in Culture and Nature Grounding the Linking Competence in Culture and Nature How Action and Perception Shape the Syntax-Semantics Relationship INAUGURAL-DISSERTATION zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Doktors der Philosophie (Dr. phil.) dem Fachbereich Germanistik und Kunstwissenschaften der Philipps-Universität Marburg vorgelegt von Simon Kasper aus Alsfeld Marburg/Lahn 2012 Vom Fachbereich Germanistik und Kunstwissenschaften der Philipps-Universität Marburg als Dissertation angenommen am: 13. Dezember 2012 Tag der Disputation am: 04. Februar 2013 Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Ina Bornkessel-Schlesewsky Prof. Dr. Jürgen Erich Schmidt Acknowledgements I am deeply indebted to many people for different reasons: to Hanni for giving me the love, strength, and confidence I needed to accomplish this; to my parents Marlis and Karl-Heinz for their faith and for letting me do it differently; to my brother Robert and my sister Christiane for being Kaspers, too, and to their families for their patience and for going through all the family stuff with us; to Volker for his inspiration; to my grandparents for reminding me of my origins; beyond that, to Heinrich Kasper for his contagious thirst for knowledge; to my friends Thomas and Jan for keeping our friendship up in times of writing, caring, and flying; to my friends, buddies and (ex-)colleagues Christoph Purschke, Alexander Werth, and Philipp Spang for their encouragement; Matthias Katerbow, Alfred Lameli, Victoria Schaub, Josephine Rocholl, and Hanni Schnell (again) for making the scientific circus much funnier (and professional, of course); to Christoph Purschke again for reading a very early and a later manuscript and for his constructive criticism; to all people at the Research Center Deutscher Sprachatlas and in the LOEWE and SyHD projects for the enjoyable and prosperous collaboration, to Sara Hayden and Mark Pennay for their active support, and to Pius ten Hacken. I thank all my academic teachers whether I have talked to them, heard them or read them. They will find themselves cited in this book. I hold them all in great esteem even though my own ideas possibly deviate from theirs today in one or another respect. I hope I could do justice to all of them. If, due to my own ignorance, I did not, I look forward to discussing the respective matters with them. With regard to my teachers, I am especially grateful to Jürgen Erich Schmidt who has placed great trust in me by giving me the opportunity to complete this dissertation project. I am indebted to Ina Bornkessel-Schlesewksy for supervising me with great patience and a leap of faith, for being open to new ideas, and for her critical mind, and to Jürg Fleischer who is a great boss, advisor, and linguist. Γνῶθι σεαυτόν (‘know thyself’) inscription at the Apollonian temple in Delphi πάντων χρημάτων μέτρον ἐστὶν ἄνθρωπος (‘man is the measure of all things’) Protagoras, cited by Plato, Theaitetos, 152a Every thing is what it is, and not another thing Joseph Butler Contents List of figures ix List of tables xvi Abbreviations xvii List of symbols xix 1 Introduction: the argument of this book 1 1.1 Overview: the relationship between syntax and semantics 2 1.2 Predicate-argument structures 5 1.3 The metaphysics of thematic roles 13 1.4 The structure of this book 15 Part I: Research programme 18 Introduction 18 2 Research programmes and the linking competence 19 2.1 Research programmes 25 2.1.1 On research programmes in general 25 2.1.2 The need for a new research programme 29 2.2 A new research programme 38 2.2.1 The subject-matter of the programme 38 2.2.2 The “individual” level of the program 39 2.2.3 Observable facts, observations, and heuristics for collecting interesting data 41 2.2.4 Implementing the data level 50 2.2.5 Excursus: converging evidence 52 2.2.6 Multidisciplinarity 54 2.2.7 Species, community, and sciences 55 2.3 Excursus: a brief sketch of “Chomskyan Linguistics” 58 2.4 An action-theoretic vocabulary grounded in lifeworld differentiations 62 2.5 Summary of part I 72 Part II: Grounding the linking competence in sub-competences 74 Introduction 74 3 Perception, conceptualization, and action 75 3.1 Perception 75 iv 3.1.1 Grounding the talk about perception in practical differentiations 76 3.1.2 Assumptions concerning the significance of perception for the linking competence 79 3.1.3 Sensation 80 3.1.3.1 The eye 81 3.1.3.2 The lateral geniculate nucleus and the primary visual cortex 82 3.1.3.3 The integration of basic visual features 84 3.1.3.4 Two visual pathways 88 3.1.3.5 Motion/movement perception 90 3.1.3.6 The embodied nature of the percept 92 3.1.4 Determinants in identification (I) 93 3.1.4.1 Salience and the power of the stimulus 96 3.2 Identification and conceptualization: actional notions and their grounding 98 3.2.1 Identification in perception and conceptualization for action 99 3.2.1.1 Determinants in identification (II): pertinence and the power of the perceiver 105 3.2.1.2 Features, affordances, relations, and the power of frequency 110 3.2.1.3 Causality as the enhancement of constant conjunctions and stimulus generalization 117 3.2.1.4 The actor/cognizer as (limited, self-serving) pragmatic 124 3.2.2 Action competence and intersubjectivity 131 3.2.2.1 Action competence 132 3.2.2.2 Intersubjectivity and understanding action 138 3.2.2.3 Causes and reasons 141 3.2.3 Attribution and its significance for the linking competence 145 3.2.4 Case study: Attribution in precarious events 149 3.2.4.1 The research project “Syntax of Hessian Dialects (SyHD)” 149 3.2.4.2 Scenario D 151 3.2.4.3 Scenario B 153 3.2.4.4 Scenario F 155 3.2.4.5 Evaluation 157 3.3 The conceptualization of spatial relations and their coding in language 160 3.3.1 The significance of spatial relation conceptualization and coding 162 3.3.2 Motivation and exploitation in trajector/landmark-syntactic structure v mappings 167 3.3.3 Hypostatization and the relationship between trajector/landmark and thing/circumstance 186 3.3.3.1 Conceptual metaphor and the status of target domain “concepts” 187 3.3.3.2 Affordances again 189 3.3.3.3 Competing motivations, instances, and generalizations 191 3.3.3.4 How linguistico hypostatization feeds back to conceptualization 196 3.3.4 The status of spatial schemas: what relational expressions designate 196 3.3.5 Manner and path in relational expressions 203 3.3.6 Fixing reference in acquisition 206 3.3.7 Fixing reference in motivated and exploitated language use 208 3.3.8 Limits of hypostatization 214 3.3.9 Spatial relations and syntactic constructions 216 3.4 The grounding of temporal relations and their coding in language 220 3.4.1 Temporal relations and their significance 221 3.4.2 Syntactic structures suggesting another adicity than there is 224 conceptually 3.4.3 The temporal organization of circumstances in sensation 227 3.4.4 The temporal organization of circumstances in identification/conceptualization 229 3.4.5 The temporal organization of circumstances in attribution 230 3.4.6 Coding the temporal organization of circumstances 232 3.4.7 Transitions and the identity of states, processes, and activities 236 3.4.8 “Event headedness”, “co-composition”, and “boundedness” 239 3.5 On the significance of verbs and circumstances 242 3.6 Summary of part II 245 Part III: The linking competence 247 Introduction 247 4 Linking syntax and semantics 247 4.1 The division of labour of the formal constituents 251 4.1.1 The “bare” construction (irrespective of inflectional morphology) 251 4.1.2 The “bare” noun in the NP and PP (irrespective of inflectional morphology) 254 4.1.3 The “bare” verb (plus preposition) (irrespective of inflectional vi morphology) 256 4.1.4 Agreement morphology 261 4.1.5 Phrase order 263 4.1.6 Case morphology 265 4.1.6.1 Case in general 265 4.1.6.2 Case study: the German dative 273 4.2 Reducing the remaining formal underspecification 287 4.2.1 The PSC preference as epiphenomenon of a (responsible) causer 288 preference 4.2.2 Animacy and the RCP 290 4.2.3 Individuation and the RCP 292 4.2.4 Person and the RCP 293 4.2.5 Empathy and the RCP 294 4.3 Linking in performance 295 4.3.1 Motivated construction-conceptualization mappings 295 4.3.2 The utterance as instruction – obeying the instruction 300 4.3.3 The utterance as instruction – building up the instruction 312 4.4 Some German linking phenomena 319 4.4.1 “Unergative” versus “unaccusative” constructions 320 4.4.2 Auxiliary choice 326 4.4.3 Conditions on passivization and imperativization 333 4.4.4 The dative alternation 337 4.4.5 The locative alternation 341 4.4.6 The conative alternation 344 4.4.7 The partitive alternation 348 4.4.8 Resultative constructions 352 4.4.9 Weather verbs 356 4.4.10 A note on coercion 361 4.5 Future prospects: predictions and consequences 362 4.6 Summary of part III 371 5 Conclusion 372 Glossary 376 Appendix A: The status of traditional semantic notions in the present theory 386 Appendix B: SyHD materials 392 vii References 396 viii List of figures 1.1 Semiotic triangle 1 1.2 Modular view of the syntax-semantics interface 4 1.3 Modular view of the syntax-semantics linking by means of thematic roles 9 2.1 “Individual” level of the model 39 2.2 “Data” and “individual” levels of the model (revised) 50 2.3 “Data”, “individual”, and “species/community” levels of the model (final version) 56 2.4 Multidisciplinarity and converging evidence 58 2.5 Model underlying the research programme of Chomskyan Linguistics 59 2.6 Types of circumstances and their characteristics 65 2.7 Aspects of the relationship between action schemas and purposes 68 2.8 Action
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Annual Report
    2008 Annual Report Center for Language and Cognition Groningen Faculty of Arts, University of Groningen 2 Contents Foreword 5 Part One 1 Introduction 9 1.1 Institutional Embedding 9 1.2 Profile 9 2 CLCG in 2008 10 2.1 Structure 10 2.2 Director, Advisory Board, Coordinators 10 2.3 Assessment 11 2.4 Staffing 11 2.5 Finances: Travel and Material costs 12 2.6 Internationalization 12 2.7 Contract Research 13 3 Research Activities 14 3.1 Conferences, Cooperation, and Colloquia 14 3.1.1 TABU-day 2008 14 3.1.2 Groningen conferences 14 3.1.3 Conferences elsewhere 15 3.1.4 Visiting scholars 16 3.1.5 Linguistics Colloquium 17 3.1.6 Other lectures 18 3.2 CLCG-Publications 18 3.3 PhD Training Program 18 3.3.1 Graduate students 21 3.4 Postdocs 21 Part Two 4 Research Groups 25 4.1 Computational Linguistics 25 4.2 Discourse and Communication 39 4.3. Language and Literacy Development Across the Life Span 49 4.4. Language Variation and Language Change 61 4.5. Neurolinguistics 71 4.6. Syntax and Semantics 79 Part Three 5. Research Staff 2008 93 3 4 Foreword The Center for Language and Cognition, Groningen (CLCG) continued its research into 2008, making it an exciting place to work. On behalf of CLCG I am pleased to present the 2008 annual report. Highlights of this year s activities were the following. Five PhD theses were defended: • Starting a Sentence in Dutch: A corpus study of subject- and object-fronting (Gerlof Bouma).
    [Show full text]
  • Of Trees and Birds : a Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow
    J. M. M. Brown | Andreas Schmidt | Marta Wierzba (Eds.) OF TREES AND BIRDS A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow Universitätsverlag Potsdam OF TREES AND BIRDS J. M. M. Brown | Andreas Schmidt | Marta Wierzba (Eds.) OF TREES AND BIRDS A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow Universitätsverlag Potsdam Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.dnb.de/ abrufbar. Universitätsverlag Potsdam 2019 http://verlag.ub.uni-potsdam.de/ Am Neuen Palais 10, 14469 Potsdam Tel.: +49 (0)331 977 2533 / Fax: 2292 E-Mail: [email protected] Soweit nicht anders gekennzeichnet ist dieses Werk unter einem Creative Commons Lizenzvertrag lizenziert: Namensnennung 4.0 International Um die Bedingungen der Lizenz einzusehen, folgen Sie bitte dem Hyperlink: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.de Umschlaggestaltung: Sarah Pertermann Druck: docupoint GmbH Magdeburg ISBN 978-3-86956-457-9 Zugleich online veröffentlicht auf dem Publikationsserver der Universität Potsdam: https://doi.org/10.25932/publishup-42654 https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-426542 Contents Preface ................................. xiii J.M. M. Brown, Andreas Schmidt, Marta Wierzba I Morphological branch 1 The instrumental -er suffix ..................... 3 Susan Olsen Bienenfresserortungsversuch: compounding with clause-embedding heads .................... 15 Barbara Stiebels Leben mit Paradoxien ........................ 27 Manfred Bierwisch Zur Analysierbarkeit adverbieller Konnektive ......... 37 Ilse Zimmermann Measuring lexical semantic variation using word embeddings ........................ 61 Damir Cavar II Syntactic branch 75 Intermediate reflexes of movement: A problem for TAG? .. 77 Doreen Georgi Towards a Fanselownian analysis of degree expressions ... 95 Julia Bacskai-Atkari v A form-function mismatch? The case of Greek deponents .
    [Show full text]
  • Hunsrik-Xraywe.!A!New!Way!In!Lexicography!Of!The!German! Language!Island!In!Southern!Brazil!
    Dialectologia.!Special-issue,-IV-(2013),!147+180.!! ISSN:!2013+2247! Received!4!June!2013.! Accepted!30!August!2013.! ! ! ! ! HUNSRIK-XRAYWE.!A!NEW!WAY!IN!LEXICOGRAPHY!OF!THE!GERMAN! LANGUAGE!ISLAND!IN!SOUTHERN!BRAZIL! Mateusz$MASELKO$ Austrian$Academy$of$Sciences,$Institute$of$Corpus$Linguistics$and$Text$Technology$ (ICLTT),$Research$Group$DINAMLEX$(Vienna,$Austria)$ [email protected]$ $ $ Abstract$$ Written$approaches$for$orally$traded$dialects$can$always$be$seen$controversial.$One$could$say$ that$there$are$as$many$forms$of$writing$a$dialect$as$there$are$speakers$of$that$dialect.$This$is$not$only$ true$ for$ the$ different$ dialectal$ varieties$ of$ German$ that$ exist$ in$ Europe,$ but$ also$ in$ dialect$ language$ islands$ on$ other$ continents$ such$ as$ the$ Riograndese$ Hunsrik$ in$ Brazil.$ For$ the$ standardization$ of$ a$ language$ variety$ there$ must$ be$ some$ determined,$ general$ norms$ regarding$ orthography$ and$ graphemics.!Equipe!Hunsrik$works$on$the$standardization,$expansion,$and$dissemination$of$the$German$ dialect$ variety$ spoken$ in$ Rio$ Grande$ do$ Sul$ (South$ Brazil).$ The$ main$ concerns$ of$ the$ project$ are$ the$ insertion$of$Riograndese$Hunsrik$as$official$community$language$of$Rio$Grande$do$Sul$that$is$also$taught$ at$school.$Therefore,$the$project$team$from$Santa$Maria$do$Herval$developed$a$writing$approach$that$is$ based$on$the$Portuguese$grapheme$inventory.$It$is$used$in$the$picture$dictionary! Meine!ëyerste!100! Hunsrik! wërter$ (2010).$ This$ article$ discusses$ the$ picture$ dictionary$
    [Show full text]
  • Adverbial Reinforcement of Demonstratives in Dialectal German
    Glossa a journal of general linguistics Adverbial reinforcement of COLLECTION: NEW PERSPECTIVES demonstratives in dialectal ON THE NP/DP DEBATE German RESEARCH PHILIPP RAUTH AUGUSTIN SPEYER *Author affiliations can be found in the back matter of this article ABSTRACT CORRESPONDING AUTHOR: Philipp Rauth In the German dialects of Rhine and Moselle Franconian, demonstratives are Universität des Saarlandes, reinforced by locative adverbs do/lo ‘here/there’ in order to emphasize their deictic Germany strength. Interestingly, these adverbs can also appear in the intermediate position, i.e., [email protected] between the demonstrative and the noun (e.g. das do Bier ‘that there beer’), which is not possible in most other varieties of European German. Our questionnaire study and several written and oral sources suggest that reinforcement has become mandatory in KEYWORDS: demonstrative contexts. We analyze this grammaticalization process as reanalysis of demonstrative; reinforcer; do/lo from a lexical head to the head of a functional Index Phrase. We also show that a German; Rhine Franconian; functional DP-shell can better cope with this kind of syntactic change and with certain Moselle Franconian; Germanic; serialization facts concerning adjoined adjectives. Romance; dialectal German; grammaticalization; reanalysis; NP; DP; questionnaire TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Rauth, Philipp and Augustin Speyer. 2021. Adverbial reinforcement of demonstratives in dialectal German. Glossa: a journal of general linguistics 6(1): 4. 1–24. DOI: https://doi. org/10.5334/gjgl.1166 1 INTRODUCTION Rauth and Speyer 2 Glossa: a journal of In colloquial Standard German, the only difference between definite determiners (1a) and general linguistics DOI: 10.5334/gjgl.1166 demonstratives is emphatic stress in demonstrative contexts (1b).
    [Show full text]
  • SOEP-IS 2018—ILANGUAGE: Variables from Innovative Language Modules
    A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics DIW Berlin / SOEP (Ed.) Research Report SOEP-IS 2018 - ILANGUAGE: Variables from innovative language modules SOEP Survey Papers, No. 851 Provided in Cooperation with: German Institute for Economic Research (DIW Berlin) Suggested Citation: DIW Berlin / SOEP (Ed.) (2020) : SOEP-IS 2018 - ILANGUAGE: Variables from innovative language modules, SOEP Survey Papers, No. 851, Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung (DIW), Berlin This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/219075 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative
    [Show full text]
  • Am-Progressives in Swabian: Some Evidence for Noun Incorporation
    AM-PROGRESSIVES IN SWABIAN: SOME EVIDENCE FOR NOUN INCORPORATION Bettina Spreng University of Saskatchewan 1. Introduction This paper summarizes the initial findings of an investigation into the syntactic and semantic properties of progressive constructions in Swabian, an Alemannic dialect of German. It is spoken in the Southwest of Germany in the state of Baden Württemberg and in parts of Bavaria. The data is elicited from speakers of a variant of Swabian spoken in Upper Swabia, an area surrounding the city of Ravensburg, located north of Lake Constance. Data was elicited from three female speakers of different ages (48, 69, 75) with low mobility. There is very little in-depth work on the syntactic properties of Swabian and, to my knowledge, no work on this particular variant. The construction that is being investigated is found in various dialects and registers of German but tends to be relegated to footnotes or assumed to be restricted to dialects in the Rhineland area, especially Cologne (Duden 2005). It is thus often named the Rhenish Progressive ‘Rheinische Verlaufsform’ in some of the descriptive and theoretical literature (Thieroff 1992, Vater 1994). However, the construction may be found in various variants of German including written German (Gárgyán 2014) despite many descriptive grammars insisting that it is restricted to one or two dialect areas or to the vernacular (Fagan 2009, Duden 2005). It thus deserves a closer look. The construction I am particularly interested in is the AM- progressive that seems to share some properties with the BEIM-progressive. Some work addressing the construction has been done for individual dialects such as Colognian (Bhatt and Schmidt 1993), Standard, Ruhr, and Low German (Andersson 1989), and Hessian (Flick and Kuhmichel 2013).
    [Show full text]
  • Contents German Pronunciation &Accents
    Contents German Pronunciation &Accents Geo-social Applications of the Natural Phonetics & Tonetics Method 9 1. Foreword 10 The meaning of International German 11 Why doing Phonetics? H Typography & canlPA symbols 17 2. Pronunciation & Phonetics 20 7he Phonetic Method 29 3- The phono-articulatory apparatus 33 The vocalfolds 3« Resonators (five cavities) 39 The lips 43 4- The Classification of sounds 47 5- Vowels & vocoids 52 7he vowels & diphthongs of international German 55 6. Consonants & contoids 56 Places and manners of articulation 59 7- The consonants of international German 59 Nasals 60 Stops 61 Stop-strictives (or 'affricates') 62 Constrictives (or fricatives') 63 Approximants 64 Laterals 65 8. Structures 65 Taxophonics 69 Stress 75 9- Reduced forms 87 10. Intonation «9 Tunings 90 Protunes 90 Tunes 93 German intonation 99 11. Some texts in phonotonetic transcription (3 http://d-nb.info/1053287356 6 German Pronunciation & Accents Native accents 105 12. Neutral German pronunciation 105 Vowels & Diphthongs 111 Consonants 112 Nasals 116 Stops 122 Stop-strictives (or affricates') 123 Constrictives (or 'fricatives') 126 Approximants 126 Laterals 127 Intonation 129 13- Traditional German pronunciation 133 14. Mediatic German pronunciation 143 15- North-east Germany 149 16. Austria 155 17- Switzerland 163 18. South Tyrol (or Alto Adige, Italy) Regional accents 171 19- Germany (18) 179 Far North-west (Schleswig-Holstein: Kiel) 181 North Saxony (Hamburg) 183 yffestphalia (Düsseldorf) 185 North Rhenia (Essen) 187 Eastphalia (Hannover) 18p Mecklenburg (Rostock) lpo Brandenburg (Berlin) 194 Middle Rhenia (Cologne/Köln) 198 South Rhenia (Trier) 199 Hesse (Frankfurt) 201 Palatinate (Mannheim) 202 'Thuringia (Erfurt) 204 Saxony (Dresden) 208 Franconia (Würzburg) 211 South Franconia (Karlsuhe) 213 Swabia (Stuttgart) 216 Baden (Freiburg) 218 North Bavaria (Amberg) 220 Bavaria (Munich/München) 223 20.
    [Show full text]
  • Vocalisations: Evidence from Germanic Gary Taylor-Raebel A
    Vocalisations: Evidence from Germanic Gary Taylor-Raebel A thesis submitted for the degree of doctor of philosophy Department of Language and Linguistics University of Essex October 2016 Abstract A vocalisation may be described as a historical linguistic change where a sound which is formerly consonantal within a language becomes pronounced as a vowel. Although vocalisations have occurred sporadically in many languages they are particularly prevalent in the history of Germanic languages and have affected sounds from all places of articulation. This study will address two main questions. The first is why vocalisations happen so regularly in Germanic languages in comparison with other language families. The second is what exactly happens in the vocalisation process. For the first question there will be a discussion of the concept of ‘drift’ where related languages undergo similar changes independently and this will therefore describe the features of the earliest Germanic languages which have been the basis for later changes. The second question will include a comprehensive presentation of vocalisations which have occurred in Germanic languages with a description of underlying features in each of the sounds which have vocalised. When considering phonological changes a degree of phonetic information must necessarily be included which may be irrelevant synchronically, but forms the basis of the change diachronically. A phonological representation of vocalisations must therefore address how best to display the phonological information whilst allowing for the inclusion of relevant diachronic phonetic information. Vocalisations involve a small articulatory change, but using a model which describes vowels and consonants with separate terminology would conceal the subtleness of change in a vocalisation.
    [Show full text]
  • Consonant and Vowel Gradation in the Proto-Germanic N-Stems Guus, Kroonen
    Consonant and vowel gradation in the Proto-Germanic n-stems Guus, Kroonen Citation Guus, K. (2009, April 7). Consonant and vowel gradation in the Proto-Germanic n-stems. Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/1887/14513 Version: Corrected Publisher’s Version Licence agreement concerning inclusion of doctoral thesis in the License: Institutional Repository of the University of Leiden Downloaded from: https://hdl.handle.net/1887/14513 Note: To cite this publication please use the final published version (if applicable). Consonant and vowel gradation in the Proto-Germanic n-stems PROEFSCHRIFT ter verkrijging van de graad van Doctor aan de Universiteit Leiden, op gezag van Rector Magnificus prof. mr. P.F. van der Heijden, volgens besluit van het College voor Promoties te verdedigen op dinsdag 7 april 2009 klokke 16:15 uur door GUUS JAN KROONEN geboren te Alkmaar in 1979 Promotor: Prof. dr. A.M Lubotsky Commissie: Prof. dr. F.H.H. Kortlandt Prof. dr. R. Lühr (Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena) Dr. H. Perridon (Universiteit van Amsterdam) Prof. dr. A. Quak Þá er þeir Borssynir gengu með sævar strǫndu, fundu þeir tré tvau ok tóku upp tréin ok skǫpuðu af menn: gaf hinn fyrsti ǫnd ok líf, annarr vit ok hræring, þriði ásjónu ok málit ok heyrn ok sjón. Hár, Gylfaginning The Leiden theory explains religion as a disease of language and predicts the existence of God and other such parasitic mental constructs as artefacts of language. George van Driem, 2003 Table of contents Preface................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Exploring Syntactic Variation by Means of “Language Production Experiments”: Methods from and Analyses on German in Austria
    Journal of Linguistic Geography (2019), 7,63–81 doi:10.1017/jlg.2019.7 Article Exploring syntactic variation by means of “Language Production Experiments”: Methods from and analyses on German in Austria Alexandra N. Lenz, Ludwig Maximilian Breuer, Matthias Fingerhuth, Anja Wittibschlager and Melanie E.-H. Seltmann University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria Abstract This article presents computer supported “language production experiments” (LPEs) as a method for the investigation of syntactic variation. It describes the setup for the investigation of numerous syntactic phenomena and provides a sample study of the German GET passive across Austria. It also suggests that LPEs offer possibilities for the targeted investigation of linguistic variation in various ways. They may be used to explore speakers’ individual linguistic repertoires and an according corpus setup can be used to examine e.g., interspeaker patterns of variation. LPEs also enable researchers to investigate which linguistic factors control or influence syntactic variation. Keywords: syntax; variation; language production; experiments; GET passive; German in Austria (Received 16 August 2018; accepted 2 February 2019) 1. Content and goals “language production experiments” (LPEs), which aim to evoke syntactic constructions and uncover the linguistic, as well as While variationist linguistics has focused primarily on phonetics/ sociolinguistic, factors that control or influence variation.2 phonology since its inception, variationist research is slowly but Our paper attempts to illustrate the potential and the limitations of increasingly starting to focus on syntactic variation. This research LPEs when eliciting data on syntactic variation within a large-scale requires modifications and expansions of theoretical and meth- project, namely project part 03 “Between dialects and standard odological approaches of variationist linguistics (cf.
    [Show full text]
  • Lapurdum, 13 | 2009, « Numéro XIII » [Linean], Sarean Emana----An 06 Mars 2013, Kontsultatu 10 Juin 2020
    Lapurdum Euskal ikerketen aldizkaria | Revue d'études basques | Revista de estudios vascos | Basque studies review 13 | 2009 Numéro XIII Charles Videgain (dir.) Édition électronique URL : http://journals.openedition.org/lapurdum/1928 DOI : 10.4000/lapurdum.1928 ISSN : 1965-0655 Éditeur IKER Édition imprimée Date de publication : 1 février 2009 ISBN : 978-2-86781-409-X ISSN : 1273-3830 Référence électronique Charles Videgain (dir.), Lapurdum, 13 | 2009, « Numéro XIII » [Linean], Sarean emana----an 06 mars 2013, kontsultatu 10 juin 2020. URL : http://journals.openedition.org/lapurdum/1928 ; DOI : https:// doi.org/10.4000/lapurdum.1928 Ce document a été généré automatiquement le 10 juin 2020. Propriété intellectuelle IKER UMR 5478 1 SOMMAIRE Euskararen kasu-sistema ergatiboa ala ergatiboak ? Ergatibotasunaren azterketa dialektologiko baterako lehen urratsak Pablo Albizu Zer egin ‘Nouveau Roman’-aren hilotzarekin ? Saizarbitoria eta birziklaia literarioa Hamaika pauso-n Ur Apalategi Bariazio sinkronikoa aztertzeko metodologia(k) Gotzon Aurrekoetxea Hizkuntza-aldakortasunari Amiküzetik so Iñaki Camino Euskal literaturaren historia - Ikuspegi historiografikoa L’histoire de la littérature basque en débat Jean Casenave Aldaera eta aldaketa euskararen ezagutzan eta erabileran Ipar Euskal Herrian – Inkesta soziolinguistikoen aztertze kritikoa Jean-Baptiste Coyos Aldaera sintaktikoak aditzaren fokalizazioan Arantzazu Elordieta Tester un calque grammatical grâce à la méthode de la covariation d’abstrat Michel Etchebarne Zenbatzaileak komunztatzen
    [Show full text]
  • The Case Study of Dialects of the Russian Germans in Kirov Region, Russia)
    Development of German Island Dialects in Russia (The Case Study of Dialects of the Russian Germans in Kirov Region, Russia) Olga Baykova1; Olga Skurikhina2; Vladimir Aleksandrovich Banin3; Anna Gorokhova4; Andrey Grachev5 1,2Vyatka State University, Kirov, Russia. 3Volgo-Vyatskiy Institute (Branch) Of Kutafin Moscow State Law University, Kirov, Russia. 4,5Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Moscow, Russia. Abstract The relevance of this work lies in the fact that the specificity of the formation and development of German island dialects in Russia, in particular in the Kirov region, is associated with the problem of studying linguistic stability in a complex imbalanced linguistic situation and interference. The aim of this work is to identify the development features of German island dialects in a foreign language environment. The following methods have been used to achieve this goal: field methods in collecting linguistic material; method of sociolinguistic questioning and interviewing of respondents; statistical and comparative analysis when correlating the studied dialect systems with other German dialect systems, with the Russian language and Russian regional dialects. It should be noted that the German island dialects of the Kirov region have peculiar linguistic features, including new vocabulary units, as well as involving the language of the surrounding majority. Key-words: German Island Dialects, Mixed Dialects, Bilingualism, Language Systems Interaction. 1. Introduction One of the primary tasks of the modern society is to preserve the languages spoken by national minorities, to study their historical development, and to ensure the future of these languages, since a language is a world whose death may become an irreparable loss for the speakers of this language and for the world around them.
    [Show full text]