PROGRESS REPORT ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF

STRATEGY ON DRUGS AND CRIME IN AFGHANISTAN

OCTOBER 2002 TABLE OF CONTENTS

An important recent development ...... 1

Aims of the Strategy...... 1

A. Current Activities...... 2

1. Legal and judicial framework ...... 2 2. Drug Law Enforcement ...... 3 3. Mainstreaming of the drug control element in development assistance...... 3 4. Drug Demand Reduction...... 4 5. Monitoring and Assessment...... 5

B. Future Activities and Project Pipeline...... 5

1. Legal and judicial framework ...... 6 2. Drug Law Enforcement ...... 6 3. Mainstreaming of the drug control element in development assistance...... 6 4. Drug Demand Reduction...... 7 5. Monitoring and Assessment...... 7

C. Conclusions ...... 7

ANNEX I...... 2

ANNEX II ...... 13 PROGRESS REPORT ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF

STRATEGY ON DRUGS AND CRIME IN AFGHANISTAN

Afghanistan is at a crossroad – After decades of civil strife and humanitarian crises the country needs major international support to embark upon sustainable development and join the community of nations.

This document reviews the implementation of the United Nations (ODCCP’s) Strategy on Drugs and Crime in Afghanistan, launched in early 2002, and proposes its adaptation for the period ahead. The generous contributions of the major donor countries are acknowledged.

In implementing its Strategy, ODCCP is working closely with the UK, which is taking the lead in coordinating drug control assistance to Afghanistan, Italy, which is leading the efforts in reforming the Afghan judiciary, and Germany, which is the lead nation in building up the Afghan Police.

An important recent development

The ODCCP Representative in Afghanistan, who took up his assignment on 1 September 2002, has been named to act as Special Advisor on Drugs to the Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General (SRSG) in Afghanistan. The Special Advisor will ensure that UNAMA and the UN System participate fully in this effort. The ODCCP Office in Kabul has been established and is now fully operational.

Aims of the Strategy

The ODCCP’s Strategy for Drug Control and Crime Prevention in Afghanistan, which was presented to the meeting of the Major Donors in March 2002, identified a set of goals. Since the preparation of the Strategy, and as a result of on-the-ground assessments, the acute need for national drug control and judicial institutions has become more apparent, as has ODCCP’s competence in these areas. Also, a need to take into account the drug and crime situation in the entire region and to coordinate accordingly ODCCP’s activities has become apparent. Therefore, the goals listed below are those contained in the ODCCP’s Strategy of March 2002, together with the additional goals on strengthening national institutions, and the creation of a coordination mechanism for assistance programmes to Afghanistan and the surrounding countries.

· Security and stability in the country.

· Developing effective measures to tackle drug trafficking and organized crime, including corruption.

· Reduction and elimination of illicit cultivation of opium poppy, and illicit production and processing of narcotic drugs. · Alternative livelihoods for families and communities involved in opium poppy cultivation.

· Comprehensive and accurate information on the extent of illicit opium poppy cultivation and the production of opium.

· National measures to prevent and reduce drug abuse.

· Strengthened national institutions for drug and crime control and criminal justice.

· Coordination mechanism for assistance to Afghanistan and the surrounding countries in addressing the drugs and crime issues and in promoting, through better coordination, the legal and judicial reform in Afghanistan.

(Please note that the last two goals were not part of the original March 2002 strategy but have become crucial developments in the recent past).

A. CURRENT ACTIVITIES

For full details on the status of projects please see Annex I attached.

ODCCP is providing advice and assistance to the Afghan authorities in the following areas:

1. Legal and judicial framework

ODCCP’s work in the legal and judicial field is focused on policy and legislation development. This work is closely coordinated with all partners, particularly Italy, as well as with the work of Afghanistan’s Judicial Commission. Practical support is provided to the Ministry of Justice and the national drug control machinery. An area of special interest is juvenile justice.

Specific activities in the Strategy adopted in March 2002 included:

· Formulation of a state drug and crime control policy and strengthening national drug control institutions. · Provision of legal advice and guidance to reinforce the national legislation in respect of drugs, organized crime and other related serious crimes, as well as international judicial cooperation. · Supporting the Ministry of Justice in legislative coordination and planning and in juvenile justice reform.

For this purpose, two projects were developed:

§ AFG/G24 “Capacity Building for Drug Control (Development of legal and judicial frameworks, strengthening of the State High Commission for Drug Control - SHCDC - and provincial units and introduction of a national drug control policy)” [see Annex I.1.a]. N.B.: The current project will be re-focused to provide assistance to the National Security Council (NSC) which was recently assigned with a task to lead all national drug control efforts.

§ AFG/CICP “Capacity building in the justice sector of Afghanistan: prison and juvenile justice reform” [see Annex I.1.b].

2. Drug Law Enforcement

In the area of drug law enforcement, practical assistance aims to build a basic, professional working police capacity for drug control on the one hand, and to lay a foundation upon which a modern policing drug control structure can be built over time.

Close in-country coordination with Germany and the UK, as well as the United States, ensures complementarity.

Emphasis is given to policing practices in line with a human-rights based approach.

Work foreseen in the Strategy included:

· Provision of advice, training and relevant equipment to aid the development and improve the effectiveness of the existing drug law enforcement unit in Kabul. · Provision of advice, training and relevant equipment to aid the development and improve the effectiveness of key satellite offices, and assessment of potential further key locations. · Provision of advice and assistance to strengthen regional coordination and cross-border cooperation between Afghanistan and its neighbours. · Provision of basic drug and precursor analysis capacity in Kabul and satellite offices based on needs’ assessment.

For this purpose, the following projects were developed:

· AFG/G38 “Strengthening of Counter Narcotics Law Enforcement Capacities in Afghanistan (Phase 1)” [see Annex I.2.a].

· AFG/ -- “Coordination Mechanism for Assistance Programmes to Afghanistan and Surrounding Countries” (project idea) [see Annex I.2.b].

3. Mainstreaming of the drug control element in development assistance

One of the keys to success in the long term will be helping farmers and local communities establish alternative livelihoods. This effort is a broad one engaging a number of partners. ODCCP is focusing its efforts on advocacy, coordination within the context of UNAMA, providing expert advice and conducting studies and pilot projects.

The main activities envisaged in the Strategy were:

· Advocating at all levels the importance of addressing drug control in Afghanistan [Annex II]. · Contributing to the establishment by the Afghan Coordinating Authority (ACA) and the UN of a management information unit to ensure the coordination and impact of development activities, including in opium poppy areas. · Provision of expert advice to, and participation in, programming missions of other agencies. [see Annex II]. · Undertaking studies on specific drug related subjects to be used by other agencies to design and target their interventions [see Annex II]. · Undertaking a pilot project in Qandahar and Badakhshan to support farmers who formerly grew opium poppy with alternative sources of cash income. · Quick impact project to provide alternative income to opium growing communities in Nangarhar province under the condition of full compliance with the Government’s ban on opium poppy cultivation.

For this purpose, the following projects were developed:

§ AFG/G37 “Rehabilitation of Roads and Irrigation Schemes in Rodat and Chaparhar Districts, Nangarhar Province” [see Annex I.3.a].

§ AFG/ -- “Social Compact with Farmers in Qandahar and Badakhshan Provinces” (project idea) [see Annex I.3.b].

4. Drug Demand Reduction

Afghanistan has an apparently significant, but to date poorly documented, drug abuse problem. Of first priority for ODCCP is to develop baseline information on the extent and nature of drug abuse in the country. This work will be supplemented by bringing drug abuse prevention, treatment and rehabilitation services to populations where drug abuse has already been identified as a major problem. Longer term efforts will be geared to mainstreaming demand reduction into the work of national institutions.

Work foreseen in the Strategy included:

· Conducting pilot assessment of drug abuse/misuse in Afghan communities to prepare targeted interventions in the area of drug abuse prevention and reduction. · Provision of drug demand reduction services to Afghan women in refugee camps in Pakistan.

For this purpose, the following projects were developed:

§ AFG/G26 “Drug Demand Reduction Information, Advice, and Training Service for Afghanistan” [see Annex I.4.a].

§ AFG/F55 “Drug Demand Reduction Information, Advice and Training Service for Afghan Women in Refugee Camps in Baluchistan and North West Frontier Province (NWFP), Pakistan” [see Annex I.4.b].

5. Monitoring and Assessment

The overarching goal of the Strategy is to rid Afghanistan of its dependence on the opium economy. Assessing the impact - both in terms of levels of cultivation and sustainability - of national and international efforts provides key information for all partners. ODCCP’s work as envisaged in the Strategy in this regard included: · Conducting a comprehensive Opium Poppy Survey in 2002 and provide an accurate assessment of the situation for the Afghan authorities and the international community. Preliminary results of the survey suggest that opium poppy cultivation has resumed at a fairly large scale in the 2001/02 planting season. · A study on the economics of opium dependence in Afghanistan and its impact on the surrounding countries. This study is under preparation and is expected to be completed by end-October 2002 for launching in Kabul. It will cover all the key economic, social and institutional elements of the narcotic production/refining/trade cycle.

For this purpose, the following projects were implemented:

§ AFG/F98 “Monitoring of Opium Production in Afghanistan” [see Annex I.5.a].

§ GLO/C93 “Support to the development of an international monitoring mechanism for the illicit cultivation of narcotic crops” [see Annex I.5.b].

B. FUTURE ACTIVITIES AND PROJECT PIPELINE

In the period ahead, ODCCP activities will continue to be adapted to evolving circumstances. Also important will be the strengthening of the coordination of all donors support. The crucial role of the Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General (SRSG), and the useful support provided by the SRSG’s Office, will be at the heart of ongoing efforts to phase in and, when necessary, adapt each donor’s contribution.

Following the establishment of the Afghanistan Transitional Administration (ATA) as a result of the Loya Jirga held in June 2002, the international support is likely to focus on the strengthening of government, the setting up of administrative structures, and the evolution of current embryo forms of public sector management into well articulated, nationally-run Offices.

In line with international efforts to assist Afghanistan in its fight for drug control and crime prevention, ODCCP activities will be stepped up, building on early successes: the partial eradication of opium poppy cultivation, the establishment of national laws on drugs, and the general improvement of the law enforcement and judicial structures. Another crucial step forward will be made once ongoing debates and fund-raising drives concerning the launching of alternative development patterns, especially in the rural areas, will turn from contacts among donor institutions, into contracts with executing agencies and recipient Afghan entities.

1. Legal and judicial framework

· Expansion of the national drug control institutions to satellite locations in key provinces. · Strengthening key components of the criminal justice system, such as courts, prosecution offices and correction centers. · Support for coordination of justice sector reform assistance, in close cooperation with the Government of Italy and UNDP. · Further refinement of national legislation and policies, including anti-corruption strategies.

For this purpose, the following activities are planned to be developed or will be continued:

§ Continuation and possibly expansion of project AFG/G24 “Capacity Building for Drug Control”.

§ Continuation and possibly expansion of project AFG/CICP/XXX “Capacity building in the justice sector of Afghanistan: prison and juvenile justice reform”.

2. Drug Law Enforcement

· Within the evolving Afghanistan policing structure, contribute to the development of an appropriate law enforcement model, which will result, in coordination with the assistance provided by other stakeholders, in the establishment of a cohesive drug control department, with an improved intelligence and interdiction capacity. · Dependent upon the type of policing structure developed in Afghanistan, establish, in close coordination with other stakeholders, specialist units to combat drug trafficking and organized crime in seven key locations: Qandahar, Jalalabad, Herat, Mazar-I-Sharif, Lashkargah, Faizabad and Kunduz. · Establishment of drug and precursor testing, and criminalistics capacity in Kabul, and introduction of a basic drug and precursor analysis capacity to key locations. · Promotion, development and implementation of effective cross-border cooperation.

For this purpose, the following activities are planned to be developed or will be continued:

§ Continuation and expansion to key regional centers of project AFG/G38 “Strengthening of Counter Narcotics Law Enforcement Capacities in Afghanistan”.

§ Cross-border projects to support regional cooperation between Afghanistan and its neighbours to be formulated.

3. Mainstreaming of the drug control element in development assistance

· Working with key partners, to extend to all former opium poppy growing districts a support to farmers for building sustainable licit livelihoods.

For this purpose, the following activities are planned to be developed or will be continued:

§ Continuation of project AFG/XXX “Establishment of a social compact with farmers in (former) poppy-growing areas, to reinforce the cultivation ban”.

§ Provision of advisory services to other agencies.

4. Drug Demand Reduction

· Conducting a comprehensive, in-depth assessment of drug abuse/misuse in Afghan communities to prepare targeted interventions in the area of drug abuse prevention and demand reduction. · Provision of information, advice and targeted technical assistance, training of personnel involved in healthcare, educational and social/community services.

For this purpose, the following activities are planned to be developed or will be continued:

§ AFG/XXX “Capacity Building for Drug Demand Reduction” [see Annex I.4.c].

5. Monitoring and Assessment

· Continuing, in future years, the implementation of a comprehensive annual opium poppy survey and produce accurate assessments of the situation for the Afghan authorities and international community. · Assessment of the impact on farmers and communities in opium poppy growing areas of interventions designed to support the opium ban.

For this purpose, the following activities are planned to be developed or will be continued:

§ Continuation of the annual opium poppy surveys under project AFG/F98 “Monitoring of Opium Production in Afghanistan” [see Annex I.5.a].

C. CONCLUSIONS

For millenia Afghanistan had been at a crossroad of civilizations, and a major contributor to world culture. In the past quarter century, and because of hostile foreign circumstances, the country found itself at the crossroad of violent trends in terrorism, crime and narcotics production.

The international community is providing badly needed help. The UN Office for Drug Control and Crime Prevention (ODCCP) will investigate and further discuss with the Afghanistan Government and international organizations the needed courses of action to support the drive against drugs and crime, to facilitate the reestablishment of the country’s progress towards civil society. ANNEXES ANNEX I

PROJECTS PREPARED AND PROGRESS MADE IN THEIR IMPLEMENTATION

1. Legal and judicial framework a) AFG/G24 “Capacity Building for Drug Control (Development of legal and judicial frameworks, strengthening of the State High Commission for Drug Control - SHCDC - and provincial units and introduction of a national drug control policy)”

Ø Budget: US$ 2,065,200 Ø Donor(s): US, France, Italy (partially funded) Ø Duration: 2 years (starting date June 2002)

Brief Description

This project will assist the Afghan Transitional Administration (ATA) in their commitment to comprehensively address the drug problem in Afghanistan. Capacity building is required to facilitate the functioning of the new drug control and law enforcement entities that have been recently established within the ATA.

This project will provide assistance to the establishment of legal and judicial frameworks and to the national drug control structure in Kabul and six provincial offices (Nangarhar, Qandahar, Helmand, Herat, Balkh and Badakhshan) in drug control policy formulation, organizational arrangements and operational support (training, equipment, vehicles, communications).

Moreover, the national drug control structure in Kabul and its sub-offices will receive support to take on a mainstreaming function aimed at integrating drug control in the work programme of other partners, particularly in the areas of community development in poppy growing provinces and in drug demand reduction.

Activities undertaken by this project will be complemented by a separate project related to ODCCP’s capacity building efforts in Afghanistan that will focus on measures to strengthen law enforcement through the establishment of an anti-drug department, within the police force in Kabul and subsequent structures at the provincial level.

The President of ATA in his meeting with the Executive Director of ODCCP on 22 July 2002 in Kabul stated that the National Security Council (NSC) had been appointed to deal with all drug control matters. Since 4 September 2002, efforts have been made to institutionalize this change and assist the NSC to establish a Counter Narcotics Directorate to coordinate all the efforts of the Government in countering narcotics. Consultations with NSC, AACA and UNAMA are underway to amend the current project document to reflect the change of the agency in charge. In addition, efforts have been started to assist the Government to prepare its national counter narcotics policy and the 5-year counter- narcotics national strategy.

Status of Implementation

Ø Project launched in August 2002

b) AFG/CICP “Capacity building in the justice sector of Afghanistan: prison and juvenile justice reform”

Ø Budget: US$ 2,700,000 Ø Donor(s): pledges from Italy and Austria (up to US$ 1,700,000) Ø Duration: 24 months

Brief Description

In the framework of a needs assessment mission by Centre for International Crime Prevention (CICP) to Afghanistan, on 27 August - 7 September 2002, three draft project ideas were developed in close consultation with the Minister of Justice and the Minister of Interior.

These projects are part of a comprehensive programme of priority technical assistance projects for rebuilding the justice sector, to be presented by the Minister of Justice at a donors conference on the justice sector in Rome in November 2002.

The first project aims at the Reform of the Juvenile Justice System, including the establishment of a youth rehabilitation centre under responsibility of the Ministry of Justice, in accordance with UN standards and guidelines. Total budget: US$ 731,110 (to be funded by Austria).

The second project aims at the Improvement of Conditions in the Detention Centre in Kabul, with particular attention for the Situation of Women, in accordance with UN standards. Total budget: US$ 1,074,630 (to be funded by Italy).

The third project aims at reopening of parts of the central Kabul prison, in accordance with UN minimum standards. Total budget: US$ 969,540 (unfunded).

Status of implementation

Ø Project ideas to be approved 2. Drug Law Enforcement a) AFG/G38 “Strengthening of Counter Narcotics Law Enforcement Capacities in Afghanistan (Phase 1)”

Ø Budget: US$ 2,093,900 Ø Donor(s): partial funding pledge received from Austria and Japan Ø Duration: 2 years

Brief Description

The project has been designed to assist the Afghan authorities to effectively counter the problem of drug trafficking. The German Government is taking the lead in international efforts to rebuild the national Afghan police structure. The United Kingdom Government has taken the lead in assisting the Afghan authorities to develop their counter-narcotics capacity. Close liaison has therefore been made with the German and UK authorities in addition to the Afghan Ministry of Interior in developing the project.

The project addresses weaknesses identified during two ODCCP’s drug law enforcement assessments to examine the existing drug law enforcement capacity in Afghanistan.

The project is divided into two phases. During Phase I, support in terms of organizational advice, equipment and training will be provided to the drug law enforcement unit in Kabul which forms part of the Crime Branch of the National Police Force under the Ministry of Interior. Similar support will be provided to a number of key, strategic provincial centres.

In addition, measures will be taken to strengthen cross-border cooperation. This will include enabling the participation of senior Afghan officials of the drug law enforcement department to effectively participate in sub-regional, regional and global policy-making meetings (such as the CND, HONLEA, etc.) and in relevant operational meetings with neighbouring countries.

Programming missions will be carried out to identify the relevant requirements for widening the assistance to other provinces. An assessment will also be made to appraise the opportunity for establishing a forensic laboratory capacity in Kabul and possibly scientific support for the key provinces. A further mission to identify areas to strengthen law enforcement in respect of combating organized crime will also be undertaken.

The findings and recommendations of the programming missions will be translated into concrete plans of action that will lay the ground for further expansion and extension of the project during Phase II.

This project will be closely linked with ODCCP’s capacity building project that aims at developing legal frameworks for drug control and crime prevention and at strengthening the national drug control structure in Kabul and six provincial sub-offices. Close liaison is continuing between ODCCP, the German and UK authorities together with the Afghan Ministry of Interior to ensure coordination and cost-effective delivery of assistance.

Status of implementation Ø Project launched in September 2002.

b) AFG/--- “Coordination Mechanism for Assistance Programmes to Afghanistan and Surrounding Countries”

Ø Budget: US$ 813,600 Ø Donor(s): no funding confirmed to date Ø Duration: 2 years

Brief Description

The project design is based on a similar project launched by ODCCP 1993 for Eastern European and European CIS countries. The aim of the project was for ODCCP to take the central coordinating role for bilateral and multilateral assistance in the drug enforcement sector to the target countries. A similar project was subsequently launched in the Caribbean region.

This new project has been designed to build on the experience of the exercises for Eastern Europe and Caribbean regions, and expand the scope for ODCCP to lead the efforts for actual operationalization of cooperation among the target countries. The aim is to establish a coordination mechanism for Afghanistan and the surrounding target countries in countering illicit drugs and organized crime problems. The project is also to promote, through better coordination, the legal and judicial reform in Afghanistan.

The overall objective of the project is to contribute to adopting effective regional strategies to address the specific needs of the target countries in the framework of coordinated assistance strategies and thus contribute to increased capacity in addressing drugs and crime problems, reducing the availability of drugs in regional and international markets; and by integrating all the target countries to the ongoing efforts by jointly coordinated regional actions. This overall objective will be achieved through ongoing analysis of development of drugs and crime problems, assistance needs and assistance flow at national and subregional level; and support to formulation of joint ODCCP-donor assistance programmes.

Status of implementation

Ø project idea to be reviewed by PPC shortly. 3. Mainstreaming of the drug control element in development assistance

· Additional activities in advocacy are contained in Annex II. a) AFG/G37 “Rehabilitation of Roads and Irrigation Schemes in Rodat and Chaparhar Districts, Nangarhar Province”

Ø Budget: US$ 363,400 Ø Donor(s): no funding confirmed to date Ø Duration: 4 months

Brief Description

This project will assist the Afghan Interim Administration in their commitment to reduce and eventually eliminate opium poppy cultivation in Afghanistan. The project will provide targeted assistance to two opium poppy growing districts, Rodat and Chaparhar, in Nangarhar province. Small farmers and laborers affected by the ban on opium poppy cultivation will be provided with alternative income opportunities through labour- intensive activities such as the rehabilitation of roads and traditional irrigation systems (karezes). The rehabilitation of roads will improve transportation of agricultural products from the districts’ villages to the main markets in Jalalabad city which will have a positive impact on the local economy. Through the rehabilitation of karezes, the communities in the target districts will get sufficient irrigation water for the cultivation of licit crops and have better access to safe drinking water.

Status of Implementation

Ø project document approved by PPC on 12 June 2002 Ø approved by the AACA

b) AFG/--- “Social Compact with Farmers in Qandahar and Badakhshan Provinces”

Ø Budget: US$ 10,055,800 Ø Donor(s): no funding confirmed to date Ø Duration: 5 years

Brief Description

A strong Government and the rule of law are preconditions for achieving sustainable development, which includes the creation of licit non-poppy based livelihoods. With the new Administration in place in Afghanistan, measures are now being taken to achieve this goal.

In January 2002, the Afghan Interim Administration has already demonstrated its commitment to eliminating the illicit cultivation of opium poppy by issuing a ban on opium poppy cultivation, trafficking and consumption. In addition, the Administration has made an effort to eradicate cultivation of opium poppy in April/May 2002. The new Afghanistan Transitional Administration (ATA) will continue to pursue the aim of eliminating opium poppy cultivation.

While first eradication measures have been taken by the Afghan Administration in 2002, aid agencies have not yet developed a full range of suitable interventions to sustain the non-cultivation of opium poppy in future.

At this crucial juncture where farmers will make a decision on whether or not to plant opium poppy in the forthcoming season, it is essential to start short-term quick impact activities in the opium poppy growing areas, to be continued and expanded by appropriate agencies in due course.

This preparatory project is designed as a first intervention to fill the gap between eradication and long-term sustainable development by offering access to credit to farmers in two opium poppy growing districts of Qandahar and Badakhshan provinces based on the understanding that only licit crops will be cultivated.

The social compact will be complemented by appropriate technical assistance mainly to improve market access and to diversify income opportunities.

Status of Implementation

Ø project idea approved by PPC on 23 July 2002 Ø project document under preparation 4. Drug Demand Reduction a) AFG/G26 “Drug Demand Reduction Information, Advice, and Training Service for Afghanistan”

Ø Budget: US$ 266,700 Ø Donor(s): Canada and Ireland (fully funded) Ø Duration: 1 year (June 2002 – May 2003)

Brief Description

The aim of this project is to begin the process of improving the capacity of relevant UN agencies, NGOs and Government counterparts in Afghanistan to address the abuse and misuse of drugs, healthcare and socio-economic issues, and problems relating to drug abuse/misuse.

The project will balance the long-term need for sustained capacity building in demand reduction for healthcare professionals, teachers, social workers and community development workers with the immediate need for a rapid assessment of drug abuse/misuse in the Kabul area and the provision of an outreach referral system and home based detoxification and treatment service for current drug addicts, and particularly females who are deemed to be a high risk population.

The project was developed and is supervised by an International Drug Demand Reduction Specialist who is responsible for initiating the capacity-building START (Support: Training: Advice: Resources: Targeting) programme, aimed particularly at Government counterparts. The Specialist is assisted by a National Project Officer who is responsible for the close monitoring and supervision of subprojects.

This project has been designed drawing on the assessments of drug abuse, drug abuse prevention material and drug treatment interventions for Afghan communities as developed by the Drug Demand Reduction Support Project (AFG/C29) of ODCCP’s Afghanistan Programme between 1998 and 2001.

Status of Implementation

Ø International Expert recruited and in place as of September 2002. Ø Project launched. b) AFG/F55 “Drug Demand Reduction Information, Advice and Training Service for Afghan Women in Refugee Camps in Baluchistan and North West Frontier Province (NWFP), Pakistan”

Ø Budget: US$ 444,600 Ø Donor(s): Norway (fully funded) Ø Duration: Two and a half years (July 2001 – December 2003)

Brief Description

The aim of this project is to improve the capacity of healthcare professionals, social workers, teachers, community development workers and community groups working with women in targeted Afghan refugee camps in NWFP and Baluchistan in Pakistan to address the use and abuse of drugs and drug-related healthcare issues.

This will be achieved by setting up two specialist teams of female workers who will develop a drug abuse prevention information, advice and training service for selected workers, community groups and female problem drug users in the targeted camps.

Specialist training will enable project partners to establish community-based drug treatment, rehabilitation, aftercare and social reintegration services for female refugee drug addicts and develop primary prevention programmes and activities for female refugees who are at risk of becoming problem drug users.

The project has been developed and is supervised by the National Project Officer, in conjunction with the International Drug Demand Reduction Specialist, and be implemented by partner NGOs.

This project is based on the assessments of drug abuse problem, drug abuse prevention material and drug treatment interventions for Afghan communities developed by the Drug Demand Reduction Support Project (AFG/C29) of ODCCP’s Afghanistan Programme.

Status of implementation

Ø Being implemented c) AFG/ -- “Capacity Building for Drug Demand Reduction”

Ø Budget: US$ 2,441,000 Ø Donor(s): Italy (partially funded) Ø Duration: 2 years

Brief Description

The design of this project has been based on the assessments of drug abuse/misuse and the development of community-based drug abuse treatment project and training resource materials for Afghan communities carried out by ODCCP under project AFG/C29 between 1998 and 2001. Currently, ODCCP is implementing a drug demand reduction information, advice and training service for Afghan refugee women in Baluchistan and NWFP (North West Frontier Province) in Pakistan. The project will expand the objectives of the smaller demand reduction project AFG/G26 from the Kabul area to cover the main provincial centres of the country.

The overall objective of the project is to develop capacity building for drug demand reduction in Afghanistan. This will be achieved by mainstreaming demand reduction across relevant Government institutions, UN agencies and NGOs involved in service provision in the Health, Education and Social Service sectors. The specific aims have been defined as follows:

- to complete a detailed rapid situation assessment of drug abuse/misuse and provision of drug abuse prevention services/facilities in selected provinces of Afghanistan;

- to develop specialist Community Drug Action Teams (CDATs) in Faisabad, Herat, Jalalabad, Kabul, Qandahar and Mazar-I-Sharif;

- to develop a START (Support: Training: Advice: Resources: Targeting) programme for partner NGOs, Government counterparts, and UN agencies such as UNICEF and WHO engaged in the provision of education, healthcare and social services to Afghan communities;

- to enhance the capacity of Afghan communities to develop realistic and achievable drug abuse prevention programmes and strategies, including treatment, rehabilitation, aftercare and social reintegration.

Status

Ø project idea approved by PPC and by the AACA; Ø project document under preparation. 5. Monitoring and Assessment a) AFG/F98 “Monitoring of Opium Production in Afghanistan”

Ø Budget: US$ 843,100 Ø Donor(s): United Kingdom and Finland (fully funded) Ø Duration: 2 years (January 2002 – December 2003)

Brief Description

The primary objectives of this project are to obtain reliable data on the extent and location of opium poppy cultivation in Afghanistan, to monitor the expansion of opium poppy cultivation into new areas, and to collect data on opium prices. These objectives will be achieved through the undertaking of a ground-based survey requiring surveyors and coordinators to visit all the areas in Afghanistan where opium poppy has been reported and record opium yields, farm-gate prices and the extent of cultivation. To validate some of the data obtained through the ground-based survey, the project does apply in pilot zones Geographical Information System (GIS) technology, aimed at identifying remote sensing solutions for the estimation of poppy cultivation, based on satellite imagery. Furthermore, in 2000 a scientific methodology has been introduced to obtain more reliable estimates on opium yield.

Information derived from this project on the extent and location of opium poppy cultivation assists ODCCP and the aid community for Afghanistan in fine-tuning and adjusting drug control strategies, determining the type and quantity of development assistance required for opium-producing areas and monitoring the effectiveness with respect to the impact on drug control.

As regards the 2002 survey, a pre-assessment survey was conducted by ODCCP in Southern and Eastern Afghanistan in February 2002 which confirmed a major resurgence of opium poppy cultivation on an estimated 45,000 to 65,000 hectares. The full survey could not be completed as planned in the Southern and Eastern regions due to security constraints during the Afghanistan Interim Administration’s (AIA) eradication campaign. Instead of the ground survey in these areas, a limited remote sensing survey using satellite imagery is in progress.

In the Northern region, a ground sample survey was implemented in May 2002, before the announced start of the eradication campaign in that region. Findings of this survey suggest that the total area under opium poppy cultivation in Northern Afghanistan in 2002 has increased by 47% from 6,640 hectares in 2001 to 9,750 hectares in May 2002 which could produce 240 metric tons of opium. It appears that farmers’ knowledge of the AIA’s eradication campaign and the prospect of receiving compensation had an impact on the level of cultivation in some areas of Northern Afghanistan this year. In the North-West, farmers seemed to have taken the ban seriously and were reluctant to return to opium poppy cultivation, while in the North-East farmers appeared to have taken advantage of the possible compensation scheme by planting more areas with opium poppy.

Status of Implementation

Ø The full opium poppy survey report will be available in October 2002. b) GLO/C93 “Support to the development of an international monitoring mechanism for the illicit cultivation of narcotic crops”

Ø Budget: US$ 161,600 (2002) Ø Donor(s): Finland, France, Belgium (fully funded) Ø Duration: 1 year (January 2002 – December 2002)

Brief Description

This global project provides methodological and technical support and coordination to all illicit crop monitoring projects implemented by ODCCP, including the project AFG/F98 "Monitoring of Opium Production in Afghanistan". In 2002, expertise and satellite imagery were provided under GLO/C93 to enable the opium survey to make the methodological adjustments required by the security situation on the ground. As a result, ODCCP will be in a position, as in previous years, to establish national and provincial estimates on the extent of opium poppy cultivation in Afghanistan. A permanent position for an international illicit crop monitoring expert will also be established in Kabul before the end of 2002 under the project GLO/C93 to provide continuous and direct technical supervision to future opium monitoring activities in Afghanistan.

Status of implementaton

Ø global project containing a segment for Afghanistan, i.e. position for an international expert to supervise the annual opium poppy survey, is ongoing. ANNEX II

ADVOCACY WITH AFGHAN AUTHORITIES AND WORK UNDERTAKEN WITH OTHER AGENCIES

Advocating at all levels the importance of addressing drug control in Afghanistan:

· Decree issued on 17 January 2002 by Chairman Hamid Karzai, banning cultivation, production, processing, abuse and illicit trafficking of narcotic drugs, inter alia upon ODCCP’s advocacy. · Mobilization by ODCCP Executive Director of the World Bank, Asian Development Bank, and UNDP, urging them to prioritize development assistance in opium poppy growing areas, 5 March 2002. · Donors’ mobilization and US official request to UNDP: letter of Deputy Secretary of State, Mr. Armitage, to UNDP Administrator, 4 March 2002. · Legal assistance to Ministry of Justice and the Afghan State High Commission for Drug Control (SHCDC), subcommittee on legal issues (status of UN conventions on drug control, drafting legislation), March 2002. · Drug demand reduction information seminar involving SHCDC sub-committees related to health, education and community awareness, April 2002. · Seminar on alternative development policies given to the sub-committee on alternative development of the SHCDC, April 2002. · Findings of the pre-assessment survey of opium poppy cultivation, its extent and location, carried out from 1 - 10 February 2002, were determined to alert the AIA authorities and the donor community, and were instrumental to guide the eradication campaign. · Meetings with the World Bank and Habitat staff on micro-credit for rural areas, the role of opium as an informal source of credit and the need to establish alternative credit schemes in opium poppy growing areas, May 2002. · Nomination of ODCCP Representative as Special Adviser on Drugs to the SRSG in Afghanistan, June 2002. · Mr. Hamid Karzai, Head of State, and Mr. Lakhdar Brahimi, UN SRSG, participated in the celebration of the UN International Day against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking in Kabul and delivered speeches on behalf of the Afghan Government and the United Nations. Other officials of the Afghan Transitional Government, including Mr. Ashraf Ghani, Minister of Finance, and Mr. Taj Mohammad Wardak, Minister of Interior, also attended the ceremony. Also, a number of UN agencies were represented at the event, which was jointly organized by ODCCP Kabul and the SHCDC. · 1st International Coordination Meeting on Drugs organized by the UK and ODCCP in Kabul on 23 June 2002 with the participation of the ODCCP Executive Director. · Meeting of the Executive Director with President Hamid Karzai, Rural Development Minister and other high level officials of the ATA, in Kabul in July 2002. · Assistance to the Ministry of Interior to hold a workshop for the Governors to address the implementation of the opium poppy ban. · Declaration issued on 4 September 2002 urging the farmers to strictly comply with the ban on opium poppy cultivation. · Meetings of a CICP mission with officials of the Ministry of Justice and the Supreme Court for legal reform and improvement of prisons’ conditions, 29 August to 6 September 2002. · Advocacy and strategic meetings of the ODCCP representative with the National Security Adviser, Ministers of Interior, Justice, Rural Development, representatives of Germany, UK, US, and UN agencies for coordination and strengthening of the drug control dimension and creation of thematic groups within the relevant ministries. · 2nd Coordination Meeting on Drugs on 17 October in Kabul, jointly prepared by the UK, ODCCP and the NSC through establishing working groups for each of the thematic areas to agree on the outputs and activities for each sector and identify the gaps in planning. · Initiation on 15 September of a drug awareness campaign in Nangarhar Province to inform the farmers and communities about the ban on opium poppy cultivation and encourage the cultivation of licit crops in the 2002-2003 planting season.

Provision of expert advice to, and participation in, programming missions of other agencies:

· Heads of relevant UN agencies participating on 6 May 2002 in a Working Group Meeting on Drugs agreed that the Group should be linked to the UNDP-led Area Based Programme and that joint missions with interested agencies should be undertaken to opium poppy growing areas. · Joint FAO/AIA/ODCCP Mission to Helmand and Qandahar, 5 - 12 May 2002, to assess the potential effect of cash-for-work projects on opium poppy cultivation; assess the situation in some of the opium poppy growing areas of Helmand and Qandahar provinces; participate in Workshop on Relief, Recovery and Rehabilitation in the Southern Provinces, Qandahar, 11 May 2002. · Field visits to Nangahar (with FAO) and Badakhshan to examine the current situation in poppy growing areas and, in particular, where some eradication activities had been carried out by the Government and discuss with UN agencies and NGOs possibilities for assistance to farming communities, as well as to gather information on the relative profitability of wheat and opium crops, June 2002. · Discussions are underway to finalize the TOR of a joint UNDP/ODCCP/FAO mission, planned for mid-October (for 8 weeks) to formulate projects for alternative livelihoods.

Undertaking studies on specific drug related subjects to be used by other agencies to design and target their interventions:

· A study on "The economics of opium dependency in Afghanistan and its impact on the surrounding countries" is underway and expected to be completed by end October 2002.