FORM – 1 APPENDIX – I (See Paragraph-6) (I) Basic Information S

FORM – 1 APPENDIX – I (See Paragraph-6) (I) Basic Information S. No Item Details 1 Name of the Project /s Integrated Common Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage, Disposal and Recycling Facilities at Industrial Growth Centre, Phase-II, Samba. Mandhera Village, Samba Tehsil, Samba District. J&K. 2 S.No. in the Schedule Common hazardous waste treatment, storage and disposal facilities (TSDFs).

Item 7(d) of the schedule of EIA notification of Sept 14, 2006 issued by MOEF. 3 Proposed capacity / area / length / The Proposed treatment facilities at the tonnage to be handled /command area / site are: lease area / number of wells to be drilled Phase-I Secured Landfill : 68 TPD Treatment/ : 41 TPD Stabilization Bio Medical Waste : 2 TPD E- Waste : 55 TPD Spent Solvent : 9 KLD Recycling Phase-II Incineration : 27 TPD Secondary Lead : 11 TPD Recycling Used oil recycling : 6 KLD Alternate Fuel &Raw : 14TPD Material Facility

4 New / Expansion / Modernization Proposed facility 5 Existing Capacity / Area etc. Nil. 8 acres allotted at Industrial growth Centre, Phase-II, Samba. Mandhera village, Samba tehsil, Samba district. J&K. 6 Category of Project i.e. „A‟ or „B‟ Category „A‟ Common hazardous waste treatment, storage and disposal facilities (TSDFs). Project site is located around 9.0km away from India-Pakistan international boundary.

1 7 Does it attract the general conditions? If Yes yes, please specify The international boundary of India- Pakistan International boundary is located at a distance of about 9.0km towards south from the site. 8 Does it attract the Specific conditions? If No yes, please specify 9 Location Site is located at 32033‟16” North and 75006‟85” East. Average elevation is 374m above MSL. Location map of the site attached in Annexure-1 and 10km radius map attached in Annexure-2. Plot / Survey / Khasra No 8 acres, Industrial Growth Centre, Phase- II, Samba. Mandhera village, Samba Tehsil, Samba district. J&K. Village Mandhera village Tehsil Samba Teshsil District Samba District, State Jammu and Kashmir. 10 Nearest railway station / airport along Samba railway station-5km, South East. with distance in kms 11 Nearest town, city, district headquarters Samba town-2.0km-Northeast. along with distance in kms. 12 Village Panchayats, Zilla Parishad, Industrial Growth Centre, Phase-II, Municipal Corporation, Local body Samba. Mandhera village, Samba Tehsil, (complete postal addresses with Samba district. J&K. telephone nos, to be given). 13 Name of the applicant Mr. Ravi Chandra Manager Ramasethu Infrastructure Private Limited, No. 4-4-1/3, Y V Rao Estate, Jakkampudi, Near CNG Gas Bunk, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh – 520012 14 Registered Address Ramasethu Infrastructure Private Limited, No. 4-4-1/3, Y V Rao Estate, Jakkampudi, Near CNG Gas Bunk, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh – 520012 15 Address for Correspondence Ramasethu Infrastructure Private Limited, No. 4-4-1/3, Y V Rao Estate, Jakkampudi, Near CNG Gas Bunk, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh – 520012 Name Mr. Ravi Chandra Designation (Owner/Partner/CEO) Manager

2 Address Ramasethu Infrastructure Private Limited, No. 4-4-1/3, Y V Rao Estate, Jakkampudi, Near CNG Gas Bunk, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh – 520012 Pin Code 520012 E-mail [email protected] Telephone no 9100481399 Fax. no 16 Details of Alternate Sites examined, if Village District State any. Location of these sites should be The proposed land belongs to J&K shown on a topo sheet SIDCO. No alternate sites were considered. 17 Interlinked Projects None 18 Whether separate application of None interlinked project has been submitted. 19 If yes, date of submission None 20 If no, reason None 21 Whether the proposal involves approval / None clearance under: if yes, details of the same and their status to be given The Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980? The Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972? The C.R.Z. Notification, 1991?

22 Whether there is any Government Order Department of Industry and commerce / Policy relevant / relating to the site allotted the site to J&K SIDCO for industrial development. 23 Forest Land involved (hectares) Nil 24 Whether there is any litigation pending No against the project and / or land in which the project is proposed to set up? (a) Name of the Court (b) Case No (c) Orders / directions of the court, if any and its relevance with the proposed project.

3 (II) Activity I. Construction, operation or decommissioning of the Project involving actions, which will cause physical changes in the locality (topography, land use, changes in water bodies, etc.). S.No Information /Checklist Yes/ Details thereof (with approximate confirmation No quantities /rates, wherever possible) with sources of information data 1.1 Permanent or temporary Yes Changes in land use, land cover or change in land use, land cover topography are envisaged. or topography including increase in intensity of land use The layout of the proposed facility is (with respect to local land use attached as Annexure 3. plan) 1.2 Clearance of existing land, Yes Yes clearance of existing grass is vegetation and buildings? envisaged. There are no buildings in the area hence no clearance is envisaged. 1.3 Creation of new land uses? No None in the study area. 1.4 Pre- construction investigations Yes Geotechnical investigations. Report e.g. bore holes, soil testing? enclosed as Annexure 4. 1.5 Construction works? Yes Civil construction activities are involved for development of Integrated Common Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage, Disposal and Recycling Facilities. 1.6 Demolition works? No Not Applicable 1.7 Temporary sites used for No No temporary sites are proposed for construction works or housing housing of the workers as they are hired of construction works? from the surrounding area. 1.8 Above ground buildings, Yes The proposed construction involves structures or earthworks development of an Integrated Common including linear structures, cut Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage, and fill or excavations Disposal and Recycling Facilities Excavation will be done for laying foundations and basements. The excavated soil is used for construction of earthen bunds. 1.9 Underground works including No Not applicable mining or funneling? 1.10 Reclamation Works? No Not applicable 1.11 Dredging? No No dredging activities are required. 1.12 Offshore structures? No The site is not lying near the shore 1.13 Production and manufacturing Yes The manufacturing details attached as processes? Annexure 5. 1.14 Facilities for storage of goods Yes Facilities for Hazardous material storage, or materials? recyclable waste, Bio Medical waste

4 treatment, Recycle facilities etc will be developed. 1.15 Facilities for treatment or Yes Treatment of hazardous, Bio medical along disposal of solid waste or liquid with leachate will be treated appropriately effluents? and disposed to the greenbelt developed within the boundary. The details of the same are given Annexure 6. 1.16 Facilities for long term housing No No Housing is proposed. of operational workers? 1.17 New road, rail or sea traffic No Not Applicable during construction or operation? 1.18 New road, rail, air waterborne No None envisaged. or other transport infrastructure including new or altered routes and stations, ports, airports etc? 1.19 Closure or diversion of existing No None envisaged transport routes or infrastructure leading to changes in traffic movements? 1.20 New or diverted transmission Yes For power transmission existing lines will be lines or pipelines? used. 1.21 Impoundment, damming, No Not Applicable culverting, realignment or other changes to the hydrology of watercourses or aquifers? 1.22 Stream crossings? No There is no stream crossing at the proposed site. 1.23 Abstraction or transfers of Yes Water requirement for the project will be water from ground or surface met through Tube wells by J&K SIDCO and waters? partly met through the bore wells within the boundary premises. 1.24 Changes in water bodies or the No Not envisaged land surface affecting drainage or run-off? 1.25 Transport of personnel or Yes Transport of personnel/material during the materials for construction, construction and Operation phase is operation or decommissioning? envisaged for which local labor will be used. 1.26 Long-term dismantling or No None envisaged. decommissioning which could have an impact on the environment? 1.27 Ongoing activity during No None envisaged. decommissioning which could

5 have an impact on the environment? 1.28 Influx of people to an area in Yes Influx of people to the area will be seen either temporarily or during construction and operation phase. permanently? 1.29 Introduction of alien species? No None envisaged 1.30 Loss of native species or No None envisaged genetic diversity? 1.31 Any other actions? No None envisaged

2. Use of Natural resources for construction or operation of the Project (Such as land, water, materials or energy, especially any resources which are non- renewable or in short supply): S.No Information /Checklist Yes/ Details thereof (with approximate confirmation No quantities /rates, wherever possible) with sources of information data 2.1 Land especially undeveloped or Yes Undeveloped land agricultural land (ha) 2.2 Water (expected source & Yes Water requirement will met through the competing users) Unit : KLD Tube wells. Water requirement details enclosed as Annexure 7. 2.3 Minerals (MT) No No Minerals are required. 2.4 Construction material – stone, Yes Stones, aggregates, soil etc will be taken aggregates, and / soil from local market. (expected source- MT) 2.5 Forests and timber (source – No No forest cutting is involved in the project. MT) However the timber is purchased in local timber depots for administration building doors and windows. 2.6 Energy including electricity Yes Energy Source: Power Development and fuels (source, competing Department, J&K. users ) Unit : fuel (MT), energy About 1000KVA during implementation (MW) stage is required for the facility. 2.7 Any other natural resources No Not Applicable. (use appropriate standard units).

3. Use, storage, transport, handling or production of substances or materials which could be harmful to human heath or the environment or raise concerns about actual or perceived risks to human health. S.No Information /Checklist Yes/ Details thereof (with approximate confirmation No quantities /rates, wherever possible) with sources of information data. 3.1 Use of substance or materials, No All the industrial Hazardous water collected which are hazardous (as per at proposed site will be scientifically treated /

6 MSIHC rules) to human health stabilized and detoxificated before storing in or the environment (flora, fauna secured landfill. Hence no health impacts and water supplies) envisaged. 3.2 Changes in occurrence of No Suitable drainage and waste management disease or affect disease measures will be adopted in both the vectors (e.g. insect or water construction and operation al phase which borne diseases) will restrict stagnation of water or accumulation of waste. This will effectively restrict the reproduction and growth of disease vectors. 3.3 Affect the welfare or people Yes The proposed Integrated Hazardous waste e.g. by changing living management facility will provide employment conditions to local people in the proposed area; it will also improve hygienic conditions in the landfill site. 3.4 Vulnerable groups of people No There are no hospitals or other sensitive who could be affected by the locations located in the immediate vicinity of project e.g. hospital patient‟s, the facility. children, the elderly etc., 3.5 Any other causes No None envisaged

4. Production of solid wastes during construction or operation or decommissioning (MT/ month). S.No Information / Yes/ Details thereof (with approximate Checklist confirmation No quantities /rates, wherever possible) with sources of information data 4.1 Spoil, overburden or mine No Not Applicable wastes 4.2 Municipal waste (domestic and No Not applicable or commercial wastes) 4.3 Hazardous wastes (as per Yes Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage, Hazardous Waste Management Disposal and Recycling Facilities will be Rules) developed as per Hazardous and Other Wastes (Management and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2016 and other applicable rules/guidelines. 4.4 Other industrial process wastes Yes Electronic waste will be processed as per E-waste (Management) Rules 2016, The Batteries (Management and Handling) Rules, 2001 and subsequent amendments. 4.5 Surplus product No Not Applicable as this is development of Integrated Hazardous waste Management facility. 4.6 Sewage sludge or other sludge No Not applicable from effluent treatment

7 4.7 Construction or demolition No Not envisaged wastes. 4.8 Redundant machinery or No Not Applicable equipment 4.9 Contaminated soils or other No No soil contamination is anticipated from materials the proposed project as the land fill facility will have liner systems to arrest any contamination.

4.10 Agricultural wastes No Not Applicable as this is development of an Integrated Hazardous waste management facility for Hazardous waste treatment, storage and disposal.

4.11 Other solid wastes Yes Treatment of Bio Medical Waste shall be as per Bio-Medical Waste Management Rules, 2016.

5. Release of pollutants or any hazardous, toxic or noxious substances to air (Kg/hr). S.No. Information /Checklist Yes/ Details thereof (with approximate confirmation No quantities /rates, wherever possible) with sources of information data 5.1 Emissions from combustion of Yes PM, SO2 and NOX from DG set will be fossil fuels from stationary or dispersed into atmosphere through stack mobile sources meeting MoEF standards. 5.2 Emissions from production Yes Dust particulates will be controlled by Bag processes filter. 5.3 Emissions from handling Yes Emissions from handling Hazardous waste including storage and transport storage and transport are controlled by handling in the closed containers.

5.4 Emissions from construction Yes Fugitive emissions are likely during the activities including plant and construction & transportation activities due equipment to use of construction equipment. These are temporary in nature.

5.5 Dust or odors from handling of Yes Dust is likely to be generated during materials including construction construction phase, materials, sewage and waste. Water sprinkling will be done Tarpaulin cover will be provided over stored raw material to reduce dust emission. Green belt development will be taken up 5m wide along boundary and open areas will be provided

8 5.6 Emissions from incineration of Yes PM, SO2 and NOx will be generated from waste the incinerator which is proposed in Phase-II. 5.7 Emissions from burning of waste No Not envisaged. in open air (e.g. slash materials, construction debris) 5.8 Emissions from any other No None envisaged sources

6. Generation of Noise and Vibration, and Emissions of Light and Heat: S.No Information /Checklist Yes/ Details thereof (with approximate confirmation No quantities /rates, wherever possible) with sources of information data 6.1 From operation of equipment Yes Noise levels are expected at DG set area, e.g. engines, ventilation plant, and due to use o pumps and motors, crushers necessary PPEs (ear muffs, closed chamber) will be provided for the personnel‟s working in these area. Most of the equipment structures are static, vibration effect of these will be only local, design of support and foundation will nullify the intensity of vibrations. 6.2 From industrials or similar Yes As explained in 6.1. processes 6.3 From construction or demolition Yes Excavation, drilling and welding during construction is temporary in nature. 6.4 From blasting or piling No Not Applicable 6.5 From construction or operational Yes Noise from traffic movements is expected traffic from the proposed facility at the construction and operational stage.

6.6 From lighting or cooling systems No Light emissions are not envisages in the project. Heat emission are not envisages in the project. 6.7 From any other sources No Not applicable

7. Risks of contamination of land or water from releases of pollutants into the ground or into sewers, surface waters, groundwater, coastal waters or the sea : S. No Information /Checklist Yes/ Details thereof (with approximate confirmation No quantities /rates, wherever possible) with sources of information data 7.1 From handling, storage, use or No The proposed facility will provide facilities spillage of hazardous materials to treat hazardous waste materials only as per the hazardous waste management

9 rules. 7.2 From discharge of sewage or No Contamination of land or water is not other effluents to water or the envisaged as the leachate generates is land (expected mode and place treated in Leachate Treatment Plant and of discharge) partly treated leachate is recycled and excess treated leachate will send to the green belt. 7.3 By deposition of pollutants No The major emissions from the proposed

emitted to air into the land or facility are PM, SO2 and NOx. Stack height into water meeting MOEF guidelines will be provided for proper dispersion of emissions. Hence chances of contamination of land and water by deposition of pollution is not envisages. 7.4 From any other sources No None envisaged 7.5 Is there a risk of long term build No The limited release of pollution will be up of pollutants in the within the prescribed limits by proper EMP. environment from these sources?

8. Risk of accidents during construction or operation of the Project, which could affect human or the environment. S. No Information /Checklist Yes/ Details thereof (with approximate confirmation No quantities /rates, wherever possible) with sources of information data 8.1 From explosions, spillages, fires Yes Proposed project is an Integrated etc from storage, handling, use Hazardous waste management facility or production of hazardous hence explosions, spillages, fires etc due substances to storage, handling, use or production of hazardous substances is not envisaged due to the proper treatment methods adopted at site.

Adequate steps for firefighting will be taken to control fires in case of emergency.

During construction all the labours will be provided with suitable personal protective equipment (PPE) as required under the health & safety norms.

Training and awareness about the safety norms will be provided to all supervisors and labours involved in construction

10 activity.

An agreement will be signed with the contractor which will clearly deal with the safety aspects during construction.

Proper EHS measures will be implemented. 8.2 From any other causes Yes Accidents during equipment and machinery operations are expected. 8.3 Could the project be affected by No The project area falls under seismic zone natural disasters causing IV as per the Seismic Zoning Map of India environmental damage (e.g. (IS 1893-1984). floods, earthquakes, landslides, cloudburst etc)?

9. Factors which should be considered (such as consequential development) which could lead to environmental effects or the potential for cumulative impacts with other existing or planned activates in the locality S.No Information /Checklist Yes/ Details thereof (with approximate confirmation No quantities /rates, wherever possible) with sources of information data 9.1 Lead to development of Yes There will be cumulative positive impact on supporting. facilities, ancillary the environment in terms of better waste development or development management. More Employment stimulated by the project which opportunities will be created and could have impact on the aesthetics of the area will be improved. environment e.g.:  Supporting infrastructure Due to the proposed facility impact may be (roads, power supply, waste felt on local infrastructure. or waste-water treatment etc.) Demand for housing will increase.  Housing development  Extractive industries Ancillary industries, shops, small hotels etc  Supply industries will come up.  Other 9.2 Lead to after use of the site, No Proposed project is an Integrated which could have an impact on Hazardous Waste Management Facility. the environment Once the landfill is fully utilized, post closure care of landfill shall be conducted for at least 10-15 years.

Vegetative cover will be provided over completed cells/site.

11 Monitoring leachate collection system in accordance with requirement.

Monitoring and ground water in accordance with requirements. 9.3 Set a precedent for later Yes The closed land fill site may be used for developments playground , garden, golf court etc after ensuring that gaseous leachate analysis controlled with the laid down standards are meet. 9.4 Have cumulative effects due to No The proposed project will follow the local proximity to other existing or laws to keep cumulative effect under planned projects with similar control. effects)

(III) Environment Sensitivity S.No Areas Name/ Aerial distances (within 15 km.) Identy Proposed project location boundary. 1. Areas protected under Yes India Pakistan Boundary – 9.0km, South international conventions, national or local legislation for their ecological, landscape, cultural or other related values. 2. Areas which are important or No Basanter River around 1.5km West sensitive for ecological reasons – Wetlands, water courses or Reserved Forest -1.9 km East other water bodies, coastal zone, biospheres. Mountains, forests 3. Areas used by protected, No None in the study Area important or sensitive species of flora or fauna for breeding, nesting, foraging, resting, over wintering, migration. 4. Inland, coastal, marine or No None in the study Area underground waters 5. State, National boundaries Yes International boundary India Pakistan Boundary –9.0km, South 6. Routes or facilities used by the No None in the study Area public for access to recreation or other tourist, pilgrim areas. 7. Defense installations No None in the study Area 8. Densely populated or built-up Yes Samba town-2.0km-Northeast. area 9. Areas occupied by sensitive No No sensitive areas are available like

List of Annexures

Annexure-1 Location map of the site Annexure-2 Topo map of the study area Annexure-3 Layout of the proposed facility Annexure-4 Geotechnical Investigations report Annexure-5 Manufacturing details of the project Annexure-6 Wastewater generation details Annexure-7 Water requirement of the facility

14 Annexure-1

Location map of the site

15 Annexure-2

Topographical map of the proposed site (10km)

16 Annexure-3 Layout of the proposed facility

17 Annexure-4

Geotechnical Investigations report

------Enclosed-----

Report on Geological and Hydrogeological Investigations Within the Proposed Integrated Common Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage, Disposal and Recycling Facilities at Industrial Growth Centre, Phase-II, Mandhera Village, Samba Tehsil, Samba District, J&K.

Submitted to

M/s. APR PROJECTS LTD Plot No: 7&8, Radha Krishna Nagar, Adjacent to Ambience force, Attapur, Hyderabad-500048.

Prepared by

M/s. Ramky Enviro Engineers Limited, (Consultancy Division), 4th Floor, TSR Towers, Rajbhavan Road, Somajiguda, Hyderabad – 500082.

Table of Contents

Sl. No Contents Page No

1.0 Introduction & Objective 3

1.1 Scope 3

1.2 Topography of the Area 3

1.3 Climate & Rainfall 4

1.4 Geology and Geomorphology 5

1.5 Natural Drainage System 6

2.0 Geophysical Investigations 6 2.1 ERT Methodology 8

2.2 DC Resistivity Meter 9

2.3 Results of Resistivity Data 12

3.0 Surface Soil Infiltration Tests 23

3.1 Plan of Work 23

3.2 Theory 24

3.3 Methodology 24

3.4 Results 25 4.0 Hydrogeology & Depth of Aquifer 29

1. Introduction & Objective

Jammu & Kashmir State Industrial Development Corporation Ltd. (J&K SIDCO) has taken up the task of developing the Industrial Hazardous Waste Management facility for Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facility at Samba, Phase-II Industrial Estate. J&K SIDCO has appointed M/s. APR PROJECTS LTD, Hyderabad for the development of project. As a part of the project, M/s. APR Projects Ltd., selected M/s. Ramky Enviro Engineers Ltd., Hyderabad, as a technical consultant for Preparation Form-I along with proposed ToR and Feasibility report for obtaining environmental clearance. Subsequently the technical team of REEL was conducted detailed studies pertaining to Geological and Hydrogeological studies within the proposed site between 8/5/2012 and 11/5/2012. This report will give all the details along with its results of Subsurface Geological and Hydrogeological investigations conducted within the proposed site.

1.1 Scope

In the proposed site Electrical Resistivity Tests were conducted at 10 locations to know the detailed picture of sub-surface lithological layers, their nature, thickness and depth range including presence/absence of aquifer zones. Surface soil infiltration test was conducted at 3 locations to analyze the rate of infiltration of existing soils. Apart from this, information collected on groundwater levels of wells present in and around the proposed site. All the collected information is synthesized to have a meaningful Geological and Hydrogeological report.

1.2 Topography of the Area

Topographically the proposed site is located over an elevated mound. Most part of the site is on the western flank of the mound exhibiting gentle to steep slope towards foot hill side (Refer Fig.1). The eastern margin of the site is showing higher elevations comparatively middle and western parts of the site. The maximum elevation within the site is observed along the eastern margin at northern part. The elevation difference between lowest and highest is about 20m.

Fig.1: Part of the Project Site area Representing Sloping Terrain

1.3 Climate & Rainfall

The proposed site and its surrounding areas experiences hot summers and severe winters. Temperature is lowest between November & February when the minimum night temperature touches zero degree in the hill area and 3° – 4° C in the outer plain area. Temperature rises from March onward. It becomes unbearable during May-June. Maximum day temperature in June touches sometime 47° C in the outer plain and about 30°- 35°C in the hills. Most of the rainfall is received through the southwest monsoon which lasts from the last week of June to end of September. During the remaining period, rainfall is sporadic and scanty. Average annual rainfall is about 1052 mm.

1.4 Geology and Geomorphology

Geologically the proposed site and its surroundings are forming a part of Upper Siwalik formations of Himalayan terrain belonging to Cenozoic age. The formations existing in the study area are locally known as the Kandi formations which are running northeast – southwest direction i.e. parallel to the strike direction of other Siwalik formations; they consist red earthy clays with massive beds of coarse pebbly sandstones (As shown in Fig.2) overlain by great thick beds of siliceous boulder conglomerate. The coarseness of the conglomerate varies from that of a true boulder conglomerate to that of a gravelly conglomerate.

Geomorphologically the study area is covered with flat toped hill with gentle to steep slopes towards its flanks. The Basantar River is flowing at about few hundred meters west from the site. It has developed flood plains on either bank. Several highly elevated structural hills present all around the study area.

Fig.2: Boulders and Pebbles bed exposed on the base of a drain.

1.5 Natural Drainage System

The drainage pattern in the area is mostly controlled by the geological and geomorphological features. A number of dry, wide and flat boulder bottomed drainage lines, locally known as Khads, present in the area are exhibiting Dendritic drainage pattern.

2 Geophysical Investigations

In–order to have detailed information about the occurrence of subsurface lithological layers their nature and thickness; Electrical Resistivity Tests (ERT) were conducted in the proposed project site. These tests were conducted at 10 possible locations. Figure 3 represents the location of 10 ER Tests conducted within the site. Several surface geophysical methods are deployed to reach the purpose. All these methods rely upon the principle that each lithological assemblage has independent physical properties. Identification of a property helps to recognize the formation. One such property easily detectable is its electrical character, for the passage of known strength of current. At every testing location the detailed information was collected up to 35m depth from the surface.

There are two popular surface electrical resistivity methods are in practice namely, Schlumberger and Werner configurations. The Schlumberger method of Electrical Resitivity Test (ERT) has been used in the present study.

Figure 3:

2.1 ERT Methodology

In ERT method, current is sent into the ground through a pair of electrodes called current electrodes and resulting potential difference across the ground is measured with the help of another pair of electrodes called potential electrodes. The ratio between the potential difference (ΔV) and the current (I) gives the resistance (R), which depends on the electrode arrangement and on the resistivity of the subsurface formations. In Schlumberger configuration, all the four electrodes are kept in a line. The outer electrode spacing is kept large, compared to the inner electrode spacing, usually more than 5 times. The disposition of electrodes for Schlumberger configuration is shown in Figure 4.

The apparent resistivity for this configuration is computed with the formula

a =  k R Where ‘k’ is the constant = [(AB/2)2 – (MN/2)2]  MN ‘AB’ is current electrode spacing and ‘MN’ is potential electrode spacing R = V / I

The apparent resistivity values obtained with increasing values of electrode separations are used to estimate the thickness and resistivity of the subsurface formations. The plot between apparent resistivity and the distance between any two successive electrodes separation is used for analysis of thickness and resistivity of the subsurface formations.

The resistivity data is to be interpreted (analyzed) in terms of physical parameters viz., resistivity and thickness of the formations and these parameters in-turn, along with hydro geological information are to be used to infer the nature of subsurface formations. In the present study Inverse Slope method of interpretation is used to interpret the data. 8

Figure 4: Schlumberger Configuration

2.2 DC Resistivity Meter

For field application of Schlumberger electrical configuration and obtaining the resistivity data, the DC Resistivity Meter Model DDR-3 of IGIS make is used. It is having features with high quality data acquisition capability as well as for its field worthiness. The meter consists of two units, a current unit and a potential unit. While the current unit serves the purpose of sending the required output of constant current, the potential unit provides an accurate measurement and display of potential/resistance values directly over a liquid crystal display. The field measurements for DC resistivity investigations basically involves sending a known strength of current into the ground through the current electrodes and observing the resulting voltage across the potential electrodes, to get the resistance values. The instrument has the facility to provide the operator the direct readout of these resistance values on liquid crystal display. Figure 5 Shows the Resistivity Meter used in the present study and Figure 6a,b & c represents the infield measurement of ERT survey.

Figure 5: DC Resistivity Meter Model

Fig.6a: Conducting Electrical Resistivity Tests within the site.

Fig.6b: Conducting Electrical Resistivity Tests within the site.

Fig.6c: Conducting Electrical Resistivity Tests within the site.

2.3 Results of Resistivity Data

The Resistivity Information collected from the 10 selected ERT points located in the proposed project site are analyzed/ interpreted using inverse slope software. It is inferred from the analysis of field resistivity data; there are three different lithological layers present up to 35m bgl viz. a low compacted Sandy layer with Boulders, a low compacted Boulder Bed. These two formations are exhibiting high resistivity range with varying thickness. A layer of comparatively low resistivity is present which has anticipated as zone of clay with boulders.

Based on the results of the ER tests it is understood that most of the hill slope areas are having only two layers viz. a zone of Sand with Boulders on the top with a maximum thickness of 5m followed by Boulder Bed with more than 30m thick. These sequences are observed at ERT locations 4,6,7,9 and 10. At the rest of the locations a zone of Clay with Boulders is present along with other two layers. The vertical dispositions of these formations are represented in ERT logs individually in the subsequent pages from Annexure 1 to 5. Based on the ERT logs 4 subsurface lithological cross-sections were projected. They are presented in Figure 8 to 11. The location map of cross-section lines is given in Figure 7.

Fig.6d: Site Inspection along with SIDCO Officer during Field Survey

Annexure: 1

Annexure: 2

Annexure: 3

Annexure: 4

Annexure: 5

Figure: 7

Figure: 8

Figure: 9

Figure: 10

Figure: 11

3 Surface Soil Infiltration Tests

Infiltration is one of the characteristic properties of soil. Water entering into the soil at the surface is called infiltration. Infiltration rate is dependent upon the nature and proportion of clay and sand, the type of vegetation, the granularity, angularity and texture of sand. Infiltration rates are high in sandy soils and low in clayey soils.

3.1 Plan of Work

Surface soil infiltration tests were conducted at 3 representative locations within the proposed site using Double Ring Infiltrometer (Figure 12). The test -1 is placed near ERT 1, test-2 is near ERT 5 and test-3 is at ERT 10. Figure 3 represents the location map of infiltration tests within the proposed site.

Fig.12 Surface Soil Infilteration Test

using Double Ring Infiltrometer

3.2 Theory

Water entering the soil at the surface is called Infiltration. The Infiltration rate ‘f” at any time‘t’ is given by Horton’s equation.

f = fc + (fo – fc) e-kt where

5 f0 fo = Initial rate of infiltration capacity at time to

4 f1 fc = Final constant rate of infiltration at saturation

3 k = A constant depending primarily upon the soil f2 and vegetation 2 Infiltration rate cm/hr rate Infiltration it is equal to 1

f c fo – fc 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 F t1 t2

Time ‘t’ in minutes e = base of natural Logarithm = 2.71828 Fig.13: Soil Infiltration Fc = Shaded area in Fig.13. Curve For any two points x, y on the curve against time t1, t2 and infiltration rates f1, f2 log(f1-f2) - log(f2-fc) k = log(t2 – t1)

3.3 Methodology

Infiltration tests were conducted by adopting Double Ring Infiltrometer method. In this method two PVC rings of 15 cm and 7.5 cm diameter are driven into ground so that they penetrate into soil uniformly without any tilt or undue disturbance of soil surface up to a depth of about 5 cm, after driving is completed, soil disturbed adjacent to the sides is tampered gently. Clean water is poured into rings to maintain depth of about 25 cm water column in both the inner and outer rings. Fall in water column inside the ring is recorded periodically at close intervals of 2/3 minutes

24 in the beginning and increased interval of 5 minutes subsequently. Water is added immediately after each measurement into both the rings to maintain original constant depth of 25 cm. Fall of water level between two successive readings and total fall of water level from the beginning of the test at each time is estimated (Refer Figure 14).

The infiltration rate in the beginning of the test is high. After the soil attains saturation the rate decreases and stabilizes at a fixed rate. The infiltration rates in cm/hr to all elapsed time readings are calculated. The infiltration rates (cm/hr) against the elapsed time (minutes) are drawn on coordinate graph. A fitted straight line is the final infiltration curve. The rate per day is estimated using this graph.

Fig.14 Conducting Infiltration Tests within the Proposed Site

3.4 Results

To have an idea about the soil infiltration capacity, surface soil infiltration tests were conducted at three representative locations within the site using double ring infiltrometer. Each test was conducted for about 90 minutes using constant head measurement. The observed infiltration values are high at beginning stage and are comparitively low at the ending. The field data was analyzed and the results are indicating that the infiltration capacity is 0.264 Cm/hr to 2.181 Cm/hr. The recorded observations and data plots are given from Annexure 6 to 8. 25

Annexure – 6

SOIL INFILTRATION TEST-1 Date of test: 10/5/2012 Location: Near ERT No:01

Cumulative fall In Duration of time Time elapsed since Fall in water water column (H) Infiltration rate in in minutes for test started (T) Column(h) in cm for in cm for time (T) in Cm/hr [H/T*60 each Filling minutes time (t) in minutes minutes minutes] 2 2 0.4 0.4 12.0 2 4 0.3 0.7 10.5 2 6 0.2 0.9 9.0 2 8 0.2 1.1 8.3 2 10 0.2 1.3 7.8 5 15 0.6 1.9 7.6 5 20 0.5 2.4 7.2 5 25 0.5 2.9 7.0 5 30 0.5 3.4 6.8 10 40 1 4.4 6.6 10 50 0.8 5.2 6.2 10 60 0.8 6 6.0 10 70 0.8 6.8 5.8 10 80 0.7 7.5 5.6 10 90 0.7 8.2 5.5

Soil Infiltration Test - 01, TSDF Site, SAMBA, J&k

13.0

12.0

11.0

10.0

9.0

8.0

7.0 Infiltration RateInfiltration (Cm/hr)

6.0

5.0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Time Elapsed (Minutes)

Annexure – 7

SOIL INFILTRATION TEST-2 Date of test: 10/5/2012 Location: Near ERT No:05

Cumulative fall In Infiltration rate Duration of time Time elapsed Fall in water water column (H) in Cm/hr in minutes for since test started Column(h) in cm for in cm for time (T) [H/T*60 each Filling (T) minutes time (t) in minutes in minutes minutes] 2 2 2.3 2.3 69.0 2 4 2.1 4.4 66.0 2 6 2.1 6.5 65.0 2 8 2 8.5 63.8 2 10 2 10.5 63.0 5 15 2.2 12.7 50.8 5 20 2.2 14.9 44.7 5 25 2.1 17 40.8 5 30 2 19 38.0 10 40 2.5 21.5 32.3 10 50 2.5 24 28.8 10 60 2.3 26.3 26.3 10 70 2.3 28.6 24.5 10 80 2.3 30.9 23.2 10 90 2.2 33.1 22.1

Soil Infiltration Test - 02, TSDF Site, SAMBA, J&k

70.0

65.0

60.0

55.0

50.0

45.0

40.0

35.0

30.0 Infiltration Rate(Cm/hr) Infiltration

25.0

20.0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Time Elapsed (Minutes)

Annexure – 8

SOIL INFILTRATION TEST-3 Date of test: 10/5/2012 Location: Near ERT No:10

Cumulative fall In Duration of time Time elapsed since Fall in water water column (H) Infiltration rate in in minutes for test started (T) Column(h) in cm for in cm for time (T) Cm/hr [H/T*60 each Filling minutes time (t) in minutes in minutes minutes] 2 2 2.5 2.5 75.0 2 4 2.5 5 75.0 2 6 2.4 7.4 74.0 2 8 2.4 9.8 73.5 2 10 2.4 12.2 73.2 5 15 2.8 15 60.0 5 20 2.8 17.8 53.4 5 25 2.6 20.4 49.0 5 30 2.5 22.9 45.8 10 40 2.6 25.5 38.3 10 50 2.6 28.1 33.7 10 60 2.6 30.7 30.7 10 70 2.5 33.2 28.5 10 80 2.5 35.7 26.8 10 90 2.5 38.2 25.5

Soil Infiltration Test - 03, TSDF Site, SAMBA, J&k

80.0 75.0 70.0

65.0 60.0 55.0 50.0 45.0 40.0 35.0

Infiltration RateInfiltration (Cm/hr) 30.0 25.0 20.0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Time Elapsed (Minutes)

RESULTS OF INFILTRATION TESTS

Test Surface soil Infiltration Rate No. Location Characteristics m/day Remarks

1 Near ERT-01 Sand with Boulders (Hill Top) 0.264 Rate of Infiltration is Moderate

2 Near ERT-05 Sand with Boulders (Hill Slope) 1.653 Rate of Infiltration is High

3 Near ERT-10 Sand with Boulders (Hill Slope) 2.181 Rate of Infiltration is High

Average Rate of Soil Infiltration 1.366 Rate of Infiltration is High

4. Hydrogeology & Depth of Aquifer

The occurrence and movement of groundwater is mainly controlled by many factors such as rock types, landforms, geological structures, soil, land use, rainfall etc.

In-order to evaluate the hydro geological conditions in and around the proposed project site, a systematic well inventory was conducted within a 5km radius. During well inventory information pertaining to total depth of wells, groundwater levels, quality of water, pre and post monsoon water level fluctuations, condition of wells during summer months, geological formations encountered during construction of wells and all other inter related information was collected. This information was synthesized and presented in the table given below. Based on the observed groundwater levels, water level contour maps were prepared and are presented in Figure 15 & 16.

It is observed from the field data that the aquifers are present at deeper depths. In general they are present below 50m depth at almost all locations. The ground water is occurring within the boulder beds under confined to semi-confined conditions. The observed ground water levels are between 27 to 37m bgl. The quality of water is in potable condition. Based on the information 29 collected from the local villagers it is anticipated that the water level fluctuation between post monsoon to pre monsoon is in between 3m to 6m. The water level contour map generated based on the field data is indicating that the ground water flow direction is towards northwest and southeast from the central part of the study area.

Wells Inventoried within 5Km Radius of the Proposed TSDF Site, Samba, J&K

Total Depth to Type Water Level Water Sl.No. Code Village Name Depth Water Level of Well Fluctuation (m) Quality (mbgl) (mbgl) 1 GW-1 Plant Site BW 91 34 3 Potable 2 GW-2 Samba BW 98 37 4 Potable 3 GW-3 Sapwal BW 91 30 4 Potable 4 GW-4 Chak Nanak BW 98 34 4 Potable 5 GW-5 Raipur BW 98 27 5 Potable 6 GW-6 Sangawari BW 110 37 6 Potable 7 GW-7 Mandharai BW 91 27 5 Potable 8 GW-8 Katli BW 101 30 4 Potable 9 GW-9 Ralyer BW 107 27 3 Potable 10 GW-10 Bulo BW 107 29 3 Potable

Annexure-5 Process Description

Hazardous Waste Management Facility

Collection, transportation, reception, treatment, storage, re-use, recycle, blending and disposal of industrial hazardous wastes, bio-medical waste and E-Waste generated in the state of Jammu & Kashmir.

The proposed project is very unique to itself. The Facility shall be the first of its kind integrated waste management facility in the country. In fact it will be a giant step in the drive towards environment protection by the state of Jammu & Kashmir.

The quantities of hazardous wastes generated in the project area are estimated to be about 30,000 TPA (expected to be received at the facility) and are expected to comprise of the following groups:  ETP sludges  Iron Sludges  Still Bottom residues and process sludges  Spent Carbon  Evaporation salts/ other process salts  Incineration ash  Slags  Asbestos and glass fibers  Spent catalysts and resins  Other hazardous wastes

Based on the quantities available the following general information could be inferred:  ETP sludges can go directly to landfill either directly or after stabilization.  Still bottom residues, process residues and other organic wastes can be sent for incineration including spent carbon depending on the characteristics of the impurities.  Incineration ash, slags, asbestos and glass fibers are essentially inorganic in nature and can go to landfill directly or with simple stabilization techniques.  Spent catalysts and resins would have to be characterized on a case-by-case basis to assess their nature and characteristics. However, the percentage of wastes generated through these sources is likely to be very small as most of it is taken back by the manufacturers.  Salts will have to be bagged and land filled.

19 Based on the above compiled information wastes have been classified by their pathway of disposal:  Wastes going to direct landfill  Wastes that require stabilization prior to landfill  Wastes requiring storage until alternate economically viable techniques are made available.  Wastes requiring incineration The following general guidelines shall relate to daily activities associated with the operations of TSDF:  The facility shall operate only during day light hours throughout the year.  The landfill will be staged in cells so that the minimum practical area of waste is exposed and maximum practical area of waste has the final cap in place i.e., progressive filling and capping of the landfill ensuring minimization of infiltration of wastes.  The Weight Bridge at the main entrance will record all movements and weights and receive waste tracking receipt as required by the waste manifest system.  The standpipe forming part of the leachate collection system shall be checked regularly for the presence of leachate. Once leachate is detected it shall be regularly pumped out and transferred to the leachate treatment facility on-site. The level of leachate in the standpipe shall not be allowed to rise above the level of the leachate collection system.  Materials Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) for every chemical used or handled at the landfill shall be provided on the premises.  Monitoring and auditing of the facility shall be performed on a periodic basic.  Met-station shall be installed with continuous recording system.  A security system shall be maintained to avoid trespassing and hazard to the public.  Once a waste is received at the TSDF, a sample of waste shall be collected, at the sampling bay/temporary storage facility and shall undergo laboratory analysis based on which its pathway of treatment/ disposal shall be determined.  A waste manifest system shall be developed in accordance with the requirement of the regulatory agencies to cover the transportation of the waste to TSDF and to provide for record of waste manifestation. The manifest system shall include details of the waste generator, waste transporter, quantity of waste, characteristics of waste, physical description, consistency of waste in terms of physical state and waste category number as per HW (M&H) Rules, 2003.  Each load of waste arriving at the facility shall be located properly and logged to identify its pathway of treatment/ storage/ disposal.  An inventory shall be maintained at the arrival and departure dates of waste loads in and out of the intractable waste storage area.

20 Waste Disposal Operations: Physico Chemical Treatment The basic unit mentioned above covered under the concept of waste stabilization in addition to this facility recovery / recycling plants shall be provided based on the waste characteristics and demands.

Waste stabilisation is designed to convert industrial wastes in the form of liquids, semi-solids or reactive solids into low leachable materials that can be deposited into a secure landfill. The stabilisation operation will be carried out for all waste that require this to minimize their contaminant leaching potential. This will change the nature of these wastes to a less hazardous category. Stabilisation involves the immobilisation of leachable materials by fixation as non-reactive solids. The treated wastes shall be assessed for compatibility with other wastes before being landfill and for compatibility with the HDPE and the pipe network. The term stabilisation covers a number of mechanisms including:

 Immobilisation/ Chemical Fixation – the chemical binding of contaminants within a cementing structure to reduce the mobility or leachability of the waste.  Encapsulation – the occlusion or entrapment of contaminant particles within a solid matrix.  Solidification – the conversion of slurries that do not readily de-water, into solids by addition of adsorption agents. Typical reagents that would be used for the stabilization process include: cement, lime, fly ash, bentonite clay, saw dust and other. Where required sodium silicate solution would be used as an additive binding agent. The reagent to be used for stabilization shall be decided depending upon the type of the waste to be stabilized, price and availability. These regents shall generally be stored in sufficient quantities.

Infrastructure proposed for the stabilization unit would include:  Storage facilities for regents  Tanks/Drums for storage of reagents as required  Stabilization bins for mixing the wastes  Earth moving equipment for movement of wastes and mixing.  Place for curing the treated waste  Trucks for hauling the wastes. Treatment facility utilizes a range of techniques and processes designed to change the physical, chemical or biological characteristics of the waste. This may include changing the composition so as to neutralise the waste, to recover energy or natural resources from the

21 waste, to render the waste non-hazardous or less hazardous, safer to transport, store, or dispose off or to reduce its volume. Typical operations at Stabilization unit are as follows:  Waste receivable  Reagent addition  Mixing  Curing  Analysis of the stabilized wastes  Approval by the laboratory for disposal  Transfer of the waste materials to the truck  Disposal in the secured landfill

Landfill Operations The landfill will be designed and constructed as a secure facility to contain the waste material and any leachate, which is formed by the entrapped moisture or by infiltration of rainfall. To meet these requirements the base of the landfill has been designed as an engineered liner constructed prior to the placement of waste and also an engineered capping over the surface after completion of filling to minimise the infiltration of rainfall.

The base liner of the landfill containment system is proposed to be a double composite liner with synthetic geo-membrane plus clay. Adequate leachate collection system has been incorporated at the base to collect and remove the leachate. These shall incorporate HDPE pipes embedded in drainage layers of sand/ gravel and /or geonet/ geotextile. The composite liner (Secondary liner) shall comprise of a 0.45-m thick clay compacted to a permeability less than 10 –9 m/s and above this shall be a HDPE liner with permeability less than 10 –14 m/s above which a complete drainage system shall be placed. Above the secondary base liner shall be placed a primary liner comprising of primarily clay layer and HDPE membrane which will prevent infiltration into the secondary layer. A leachate collection and removal system shall also be placed over the primary liner to collect and remove any leachate generated by infiltration of precipitation or by the moisture entrapped in the waste. This makes the secondary system to serve as a leak detection system and an early warning of potential future liabilities to necessitate action for remediation. Above the drainage system of the primary liner shall be placed a geo-textile filter to act as a filter/ barrier between the waste and the drainage system. This entire system would make the base liner a double composite liner meeting the national laws.

22 Gas Vent Vegetation

Vegetative Soil 15 cm

Top Soil 45 cm 7-8mm Drainage 285 gsm GEOTEXTILE Composite GEO NET = 1.5mm HDPE Geo Membrane CLAY. 60 cm

GAS COLLECTION MEDIA

SOIL COVER

HAZARDOUS WASTE]

400 gsm GEOTEXTILE 200mm Thick Filter Media (20mm Gravels) 30 cm Leachate Collection Pipe 100mm Thick Sand 400 G.S.M Geo Textile = 2mm HDPE Geo Membrane Compacted Clay / Compacted Amended Soil 45 cm 285 gsm GEOTEXTILE 200mm Thick Filter Media (20mm Gravels) 30 cm Leachate Collection Pipe 100mm Thick Sand 400 G.S.M Geo Textile HAZARODUS WASTE LANDFILL CROSS SECTION SECTION CROSS LANDFILL WASTE HAZARODUS = 2mm HDPE Geo Membrane

Compacted Clay / Compacted Amended Soil 45 cm (DOUBLE COMPOSITE LINER SYSTEM & COVER COVER & SYSTEM LINER SYTEM) COMPOSITE (DOUBLE DRAWING NOT TO SCALE Sub Soil

Leachate Collection/ Treatment and Disposal

Leachate collection and removal shall be provided above the geo-membrane in two layers viz., the primary and the secondary liners. The primary liner shall serve as leachate collection and removal system, while the secondary liner shall serve as leak detection system and a signal of potential liabilities in terms of environmental pollution

Bio-Medical Waste

Growth in population, industrialization and changing life styles and food habits have brought with it various health related issues. More and more people are suffering from ailments. Alongside this is the growing awareness towards utilizing proper medical facilities.

To enable effective management and handling of the bio-medical wastes, the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) has issued regulations for the management and handling of these wastes. The rules are formulated and known as the Bio-Medical Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules 1998, under the aegis of Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. In response to these rules, Government and major Private Hospitals initiated their arrangements for treatment and disposal of bio-medical wastes. However, the smaller nursing homes, clinics and other similar institutions which do not have or can afford such

23 facilities need alternate modalities and arrangements to dispose their wastes, in accordance with the Rules.

Waste Classification and Characterization Wastes generated by the hospitals can primarily be classified into 3 groups:

 Conventional Wastes/ Municipal Solid Wastes: General refuse similar to the domestic/ municipal solid wastes and includes artificial linens, paper, food, cans, diapers, and plastic cups. This waste is non-infectious if it is not brought in contact with the infectious wastes and properly managed.  Hazardous Wastes: Laboratory and Pharmaceutical Chemicals and containers including off-specification and other chemicals, alcohols, disinfectants, anti-neoplastic agents, heavy metals (e.g. Mercury), etc. These wastes are hazardous in nature and if properly segregated and managed can be transported to hazardous waste management facility for treatment/ storage/ disposal.  Infectious Wastes: Commonly referred to as Clinical and pathological Wastes and include: isolation wastes (refuse associated with infectious patients), cultures and stocks of infectious agents and associated biological, human blood and blood products, pathological wastes, contaminated sharps, amputated body parts, placenta and others.  Typical wastes falling under each of the above groups of infectious wastes is presented in the following Table Categorization of Infectious Wastes

Waste Group Typical Wastes

Isolation Wastes  Wastes from patients with diseases considered communicable and requiring isolation Cultures and Stocks of Infectious  Specimens from medical and pathological agents and associated biologicals laboratories  Cultures and stocks of infectious agents from clinical, research and industrial laboratories, disposable culture dishes, and devices used to transfer, inoculate and mix cultures  Wastes from the production of biologicals  Discarded live and attenuated vaccines Human blood and Blood Products  Waste blood, serum, plasma and blood products Pathological Wastes  Tissue organs, body parts, placenta, blood and body fluids removed during surgery, autopsy and biopsy. Contaminated Sharps  Contaminated hypodermic needles, syringes, scalpel blades, Pasteur pippettes and broken glass.

24 Collection and Transportation Developer shall collect the waste from each health care establishment on a regular basis. Wastes shall be segregated as per the colour coding, properly packed and placed at a secure designated point by the health care establishment from where developer shall collect the waste. Upon collection wastes shall be placed into closed containers enclosed in a containerized vehicle. Transportation of the wastes shall also be the responsibility of developer.

The proposed vehicles shall be dedicated for the purpose and shall adopt the conditions specified in the BMW (Management & Handling) Rules-1998.

Disinfection and Destruction

Upon receipt at the facility, wastes containers shall be unloaded. Wastes based on their colour codes shall be separated and properly treated and disposed off. Categories 1, 2, 3 and 6 (as per MoEF rules) shall be directly loaded into the incinerator while categories 4 and 7 shall be loaded into the autoclave for dis-infection. Residue from these units shall be disposed into a landfill. Detailed process description of the treatment technologies is presented in the subsequent sections.

Disposal Ash, residue from high temperature incineration and other material residues from the process shall be collected into containers and shall be disposed into a secure landfill.

Treatment Technologies Incineration Incineration incorporates the right technology featuring for a complete destruction of the waste into completely safe end products. A process combination of pyrolysis and controlled air combustion, where heat and air for combustion is regulated in such a way as to first volatalise/ gasify the waste in conditions of inadequate air, i.e., below stochiometric air conditions and heat, and then totally destroy it in adequate heat and excess air, thereby making the end products environmentally safe. The process is not only safe but is also today’s answer to the rampant problem of hospital waste management and pollution.

The primary purpose of incineration is to burn the waste to ashes through a combustion process. Developer intends to set up incinerators of optimum capacity at each of the locations. The unit shall be a dual chambered incinerator.

The primary chamber’s main purpose would be combustion of the waste materials into safe end products (ash). The temperature of the primary chamber would be 850o C and above wherein wastes are completely destroyed. The primary chamber would have an attached burner with auxiliary fuel supply to augment the fuel requirements and ensure maintenance of temperatures. The purpose of the secondary chamber would be to burn the off-gases and ensure safe end products (gaseous). The secondary chamber would operate at a temperature of 1050o C and above. The gases would be completely burnt and safe gases then shall be let out of the incinerator unit.

Both the primary and secondary burners proposed are imported Italian burners. The incinerator is completely automated with control panel and continuous recording of temperatures. The entire system is very simple and is easy to operate. The system is environmentally safe without any hazard.

E - Waste Recycling

1. Upon client request, developer shall arrange a suitable and secured transport to collect the material from Clients premises. 2. Collected material shall be weighed, if desired by clients at their premises using their own weighing machine and witnessed by both Developer & Client personnel. 3. Manifest to be issued by generator to transport with 6 coloured copies as per HW Rules, 2008. 4. Delivery Order will be issued by Client prior to collection from their premises. Collected material is to be provided in good packaging condition and thereafter will be transported to the facility. 5. After inspection by Developer security guard, material shall be weighed at Developer weighbridge to determine the gross weight of the material and will then be sent to its warehouse for acceptance. 6. Goods Receive Note (GRN) for the gross weight will be issued upon receiving the material at the warehouse. 7. Material will then be sent for dismantling section under IDO (Internal Delivery Order) for dismantling. 8. Destruction process can be witnessed by Client, if required. 9. Upon data destruction completed, official destruction certificate will be issued to Client for records. 10. Dismantled material will then be sent to suitable recycling process.

Process Flow Sheet:

Generator

Collection

Transportation

Storage

Dismantling

CRT Cutting Machine Other E-waste (PCB’s)

Glass Shredding

To auth. Crushing Recyclers

Separation

Metal Non- Metal

To auth. To auth. Recyclers Recyclers auth. Process description

The process involved in proposed facility is basically physical destruction and recovery of PGM’s. The steps of proposed process is described in following paragraphs

 The e-waste received from generator shall be stored at earmarked covered shed having concrete floor and leak proof roof. Wooden or plastic pallets shall be provided to store the waste.

27  Waste which may contain mainly electronic and electrical material and monitors of computer or TV’s, shall be shifted to manual dismantling section in hand trolleys  A set of 8 to 10 no. of work stations are proposed with a suction hood for any dust particle coming out of the dismantling process. A team of experts in dismantling shall be deputed for dismantling purpose with all the required tools and tackles. The tools and tackles shall be identified with best available brand to ensure optimization in working and to avoid small accidents in the process. The employees at this section shall be provided with all the required PPE’s i.e. apron, safety shoes, gloves, dust mask etc. Fire extinguishers shall be provided in the working area.  The team deputed shall dismantle all the waste articles Eg computer CPU box, hard drive, CD ROM, cables, PCB’s etc. and monitor into back cover and picture tube. The hard drive, PCB’s shall be further dismantled into components attached and naked PCB’s  The dismantled PCB’s shall be sent for shredding followed by crushing and pulverizing. The product shall be powder of PCB from which metal and non metal part which shall be segregated by physical process. Both the products shall be stored in bags for disposal for recovery (metal part) and for making of toys and monuments (non metal part). In case the non- metal part fails to be recycled, the same shall be disposed into incinerator as this consists of residue with high C.V.  The dismantled picture tube shall sent to CRT cutting m/c, which is a closed chamber attached with a hood connected to cyclone and baghouse. The CRT shall be put into the control panel connected automatic CRT cutting frame. The CRT shall be cut into two pieces i.e. front glass and funnel glass.  The glass which is free from all coating etc shall be crushed further and stored in bags to be dispatched for recycling  The components removed from PCBs shall be segregated and stored in bags for further disposal and/or reuse.  The ferrous material i.e. cabinet, body of monitor etc shall be baled and disposed for recycling  Plastic from cabinet, monitor shall be shredded in the shredder and sold out for recycling to authorized recyclers  The chemical process for recovery of PGM shall be established during phase – II  The waste generated from above process shall be stored at earmarked area with all the provision by not allow in this waste to be exposed to the environment.

28 Alternate Fuel & Raw Material Facility

Alternative fuel platforms will be developed with in a area of 25 x 50 m as below:

“S” Type “L”Type Alternative Fuel Preparation Facility Alternative fuel preparation Facility

 ‘L’ Type Alternative Fuels Area:

‘L’ Type Alternative Fuels are basically Liquid Type Incinerable Waste which are more than 2500 Kcal.

- Common Neutralization Tank to maintain pH level 7 - 25 KL Mixing Tank with Cooling Coil and External Jacket to control the heat for Exothermic Liquid Waste - 25 KL Mixing Tank for the Non-Exothermic Liquid Waste - Agitator set up made by Stainless Steel - Pump

 ‘S’ Type Alternative Fuels Area:

‘S’ Type Alternative Fuels are basically Solid Type Incinerable Waste which are more than 2500 Kcal

1. Common Neutralization Tank to maintain pH level 7 2. Mixing pit of 5 x 5 m 3. Jaw mixer for premixing of the solid and semisolid Waste. 4. Blender  Solid blend is prepared through mixing in an appropriate quantity of solid/ semi solid waste with binders. The first step of preparing solid blend is to selection of waste.  The segregation of waste according to their pH & calorific value helps in it. Source materials for solid substitute fuel include Paint Sludge, Oily Filter Cake, Spent Carbon, Organic waste, Tarry waste, Biomass, Resin, Distillation Residues, Grease, ETP sludge, and alumina sludge etc.  Assortment of waste is done according blending norms.  A general waste selection criteria for high calorific value fuel is Low moisture content, High LOI & TOC, High calorific value, Good compressibility, Less ash content, Non toxic, Less pollutant, Sustainable combustion.

29 Solvent Recovery Unit

Spent solvents are recovered using a distillation methodology. Following are few solvents proposed to be separated /distilled initially:

1. Isopropyl alcohol 2. Butanol 3. Dimethyl formamide 4. Toluene and 5. Ortho dichloro benzene

Storage of spent solvents  The waste solvent shall be received in durms (MS/Plastic) and shall be stored in shed which will be provided with garland drain, fire hydrant system, lined floor etc.

 The drums shall be stacked as per the best practices. The leakages shall be avoided at any point of time.

 A separate storage shed sized 35 X 40 m is proposed adjacent to facility to store the solvent drums.

 The stacking of drums shall be in the manner that mixing of solvent drums shall be avoided at maximum extent.

Distillation process is suitable for the recovery of many spent solvents. Distillation can be a batch or continuous operation. It is proposed to adopt batch process in the proposed facility. The process involves pre-treatment of neutralization and separation of spent solvent feed mixture in a Reactor. After layer separation, the spent solvent mixture will be sent to distillation still connected to distillation column.

The solvent mixture is heated by steam and the distillation column will be under total reflux for a specific period. Fractionation of solvent takes place solvent / water as the case may be are separated initially under atmospheric pressure and later under vacuum (if required). Distilled solvents are analyzed, stored and recycled, liquid effluent mostly condensate will be recycled back into system and solid residue sent for incineration / landfill. Steam for heating will be donor from the boiler. The process diagram of the solvent recovery is depicted below:

30 Solvent received in Drums

Pre - Treatment ( Adjusting pH, Sludge Incinerator removal of SS etc.)

Pump

Feed Tank

Pump

Agitated Vessel

Column

Condenser Cooling Tower

Cooler Chiller

Main Product Trail product receiver receiver

Collection Tank Collection Tank

Pump Pump

Feed Tank/ Drums Incinerator

Process diagram of the solvent recovery

31 Waste Oil / Used Oil Recycling Unit

Used oil is termed as hazardous. Lube oil does not wear out with use it only gets contaminated with water, carbon and fuel etc. that means used oil when it is ready for rejection can be re-used.

The methods of disposal being followed are Dumping, Burning or Reprocessing. The Used / Waste Oil generated are not easily biologically degradable. Therefore, dumping of Used / Waste oil is harmful to environment.

Burning of Used / Waste Oil is not desirable for the following reasons:

Waste Fuel Oil contains substantial quantity of water that will prevent proper burning of fuel and lead to generation of carbon monoxide. In the case of Used Oil (used lubricants, Transformer oils etc), they may contain chemicals, metallic compounds, Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCBs) etc which when burned will release gas to the atmosphere. Therefore, burning of used / Waste Oil should not be encouraged.

The other option is Repressing. Improper reprocessing methods can lead to generation of waste which is even more hazardous than Used / Waste Oil. Therefore, reprocessing should be allowed only with approved methods. Reprocessing of Used / Waste will not only be a solution for disposal of waste but it will have tremendous economic advantage.

The process diagram of the waste/ used oil recycling plant will be as below:

Water

Was te Oil MIC R O CENTRIFUGE DEHYDRATIO Receiving Tanks FILTRATION N

Dis tillation 1 Distillate to (v ac uum Dis tillation) fuel Process Sludge for disposal

Dis tillation 2 Base Oil (Vacuum Distillation)

Base Oil for B leaching dis patc h

Spent Fuller Earth for disposal

32 Lead Recycling Unit

Lead is a soft heavy toxic and highly malleable metal. It is bluish white when freshly cut but tarnishes to dull gray when exposed. It is usually found in ore with zinc, silver and more commonly with copper.

The schematic diagram of the lead and lead alloys is given in Figure Extraction of Lead from used Lead Acid Battery Plates, Lead Scrap, lead dross and other lead bearing wastes by using Rotary Furnace and Reverberatory Furnace. Conventional method of lead extraction from used lead acid battery plates, lead scrap, lead dross and other concentrate generates huge amount of sludge which becomes very difficult for disposal in the landfill. However, the combination of rotary furnace and Reverberatory furnace with high calorific furnace oil as fuel reduces the quantum of slag generation and improves the recovery of lead metal considerably. Furnace oil will be used as fuel to melt the battery and other scrap.

Schematic Diagram of Lead and Lead alloys manufacturing

Annexure-6

Wastewater generation details in m3/day

Sl. No Utility Discharge cum/day 1 Domestic 4.0 2 Floor Washings 2.0 3 Work Shop/ Vehicle maintenance shed 4.0 4 Hazardous waste treatment - 5 Bio medical waste 2.0 6 Recycling - 7 Green belt - Total 12.0

Annexure-7

Water Requirement details in m3/day

Sl. No Utility Total requirement cum/day 1 Domestic 5.0 2 Floor Washings 3.0 3 Work Shop/ Vehicle maintenance shed 5.0 4 Hazardous waste treatment 5.0 5 Bio medical waste 3.0 6 Recycling - 7 Green belt 4.0 Total 25.0