Continental Divide National Scenic Trail

Interpretive Plan

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2 CDNST Interpretive Plan Table of Contents

1. Introduction 5 3.3a. Three-Panel 7. Funding and Cost Estimates 31 Information/Orientation Kiosk 17 1.1 Planning Assumptions 5 3.3b. Continental Divide Sign 18 7.1 Funding 31 1.2 Legislative History 5 3.3c. Low Profile Interp Exhibits 18 7.2 Cost Estimates 31 1.3 Trail Purpose 6 3.3d. Electronic Media 18 7.3 Annual Operation And 1.4 Parameters For Trailhead 3.3e. Brochures 19 Maintenance 31 Interpretation 7 1.5 Management Policy And 4. Interp Design Guidelines 20 8. Evaluation Strategies and Direction - Goal 9 Techniques 32 1.6 Visitor Use And Analysis 10 5. Personal Services Program 21 8.1 Unobtrusive Methods 32 2. Interpretive Overview 11 5.1 Potential Interpretive 21 8.2 Obtrusive Methods 33 Opportunities 8.3 Recommended Exhibit 2.1 Interpretive Purpose & Goal 11 5.1.a. Informal (Roving) Evaluation Methods 33 2.2 Interpretive Objectives/Expected Interpretation 21 8.4 Summary 34 Outcomes 12 5.1.b. Conducted Interpretive 2.3 Statements Of Significance 13 Programs 21 Additional Resources 35 2.5 Sub–Themes 14 5.2 Program Planning 23 5.3 Suggested Personal Services Acknowledgements 36 3. Recommended Interpretive Interpretation 23 Opportunities 16 5.4 Conducting An Interpretive Program With Limited Staff and 3.1 Existing Conditions 16 Dollars 24 3.2 Proposed Interpretive Sites 16 5.5 Interpretive Resource Manual 26 3.2a. Level I Trailheads 16 5.6 Training 27 3.2b. Level II Trailheads 17 5.7 Summary 28 3.2c. Level III Trailheads 17 3.3 Recommended Actions 17 6. Marketing Recommendations 29

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APPENDIX A 39 APPENDIX C 55 APPENDIX E 67 Background for Statements of Wayside Exhibit Evaluation 55 Interpretive Program Outline 67 Significance 39 Program Evaluation

APPENDIX B 45 APPENDIX D 61 Proposed Interpretation 45 Sample Program Plan 61

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1. Introduction

The Continental Divide National Comprehensive Plan, 1985, the Forest media developed for the Scenic Trail (CDNST) Interpretive Service National Recreation Strategy, CDNST. Plan guides the development and 2001, and the Forest Service Draft · Interpretation will be a tool to implementation of information, National Interpretive Plan, 2001. (No educate the public about the orientation and interpretation for the USDI planning documents were managing public agencies, CDNST. Specifically, this plan received.) Significant changes in Continental Divide Trail includes interpretive goals, objectives, visitor use, or federal agency policies, Alliance (CDTA), and the themes, exhibit recommendations, and may require modification to this plan. natural and cultural resources design guidelines for interpretive The following assumptions serve as a along the CDNST. efforts associated with the trail. The foundation: · The agencies will evaluate and specific recommendations for monitor interpretive services. Monarch Pass Trailhead is an example · The CDNST Interpretive Plan of the next step of Proposed will provide an outline for all 1.2 Legislative History Interpretation (Appendix B), which information, orientation, and define the type of media, size of interpretive exhibits and The legislative mandate to the exhibits, and recommendations useful priorities, including messages Secretaries and the Federal agencies in developing exhibit plans. Future to be delivered at Level I, II, was originally contained in the 1968 development of interpretive media and III Trailheads as identified National Trails System Act. It will be consistent with this plan and in the Design Guideline. established policies and procedures evaluated against the goals and · The agencies will work for a nationwide system of trails objectives presented in this document. cooperatively with local consisting of National Recreation communities, nonprofit Trails, National Scenic Trails, and 1.1 Planning Assumptions organizations, and other connecting or side trails. The Act partners in developing designated the Appalachian Trail and This plan is based on a number of interpretive opportunities, as the Pacific Crest Trail as the initial assumptions about the current and appropriate. National Scenic Trails, and authorized anticipated future use and projected · The CDNST Interpretive Plan the study of the Continental Divide management of the CDNST. The will help strengthen agency National Scenic Trail. development of this interpretive plan image and professionalism is consistent with the National Trails through greater design System Act (P.L. 90-543), CDNST consistency in the interpretive 73 CDNST Interpretive Plan 5

1. Introduction

The legislative mandate and intent of lakes and streams teeming with trout. The Senate describes, in “Establishing Congress: Provide for maximum The high mountains are home to many a Nationwide System of Trails outdoor recreation potential and the species of game, including the bighorn Report” of 1968, the Continental conservation and enjoyment of the sheep, mule deer, and bear. Divide Trail as: nationally significant scenic, historic, “Designed to accommodate riders and or cultural qualities of the areas The primary purpose of a Continental hikers, the Continental Divide Trail through which it passes. Divide Trail would be to provide a would pass through some of the most continuous, appealing travel route. scenic areas in the country…The 1.3 Trail Purpose Broad restrictions against any one designation of the Continental Divide type of trail use should be avoided. Trail represents an attempt to make In the “Trails for America” report, the Along each section of the trail, only available by trail a stretch of country CDNST purpose was described in those uses should be permitted that do which has historical interest and 1966 as: not conflict with other uses of the charm, and bisects the Western United same section and with management States. The committee does recognize “A Continental Divide Trail would objectives of adjacent lands. that no such contiguous trail has ever, provide a continuous route along the Incompatible uses have not yet in fact, existed. However, the Continental Divide and Rocky materially affected the esthetic committee believes that the trail Mountains from the Canadian border character of the private lands the trail should be regarded as calling almost to the Mexican border must cross. However, scenic right-of- attention to the grandeur and esthetic …designed to accommodate riders passage easements should be acquired qualities of the Continental Divide, and hikers, a Continental Divide Trail or local zoning regulations enacted to and that it will add significantly to the would pass through some of the most protect the esthetic qualities of the Nation’s appreciation of its priceless scenic areas in the country in its trail and the public investment in the natural heritage…” 3,082-mile route. The 763 miles in trail from incompatible uses in the Montana, 147 miles in Idaho, 506 future.” miles in Wyoming, 614 miles in Colorado, and 1,052 miles in New Mexico span spectacular, wild, mountain country, rich in the early history of the West. The route affords views of perpetual ice fields and of awesome peaks, many over 14,000 feet. It passes hundreds of alpine

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1. Introduction

The entire concept of the CDNST · Meet accessibility standards Written responses also planning and management is based on · Consider bilingual signage as indicated a feeling of need the project being socially responsive appropriate, particularly in for the agencies to provide to the needs and situations of local Colorado and New Mexico adequate information to let areas. These areas contribute to the · Provide detailed safety the user know what to character of the Great Divide as much information to the trail user expect not only in the way as the more evident physiographic through reliable brochures, of environmental features. The CDNST has been signing and education on conditions, but also about conceived as a “people’s trail.” A trail hazards, water availability, historic and current uses of that would facilitate, but not dictate, avalanche prone areas, etc. the land along the way. the opportunity for the recreation user · Respect adjacent private · Address local concerns to actively (not passively) experience property through information The following concerns were the magnificent variety of landscapes, and signing addressed in the 1985 natural phenomenon, prehistoric and · Expound the “nature and Comprehensive Plan. These historic actions of humans, and purposes” of this National need to be reviewed and current uses of the resource rich Scenic Trail and non- updated or changed as backbone of America. motorized use opportunities necessary (Social Resource · Facilitate user experiences Units identify the section of through trailhead design, trail by State and Segment per 1.4 Parameters for Trailhead construction and the Comprehensive Plan and Interpretation interpretation/information. associated maps.) Potential users of the trail said q Social Resource Unit · Stay within Recreation they would use the experience (SRU) 1B (Segments 1 Opportunity Spectrum (ROS) to: – 29) – Grizzly Bear q classifications, Visual Quality q “get away from the SRU 1A and 4B Objectives (VQO), and the usual demands of life,” (Segments 30-46) – Built Environment Image q “learn about things Facility construction, Guidelines (BEIG) for along the trail,” mostly trailheads trailhead and interpretive q “be with friends,” development and any other q “test their outdoor agency guidelines skills ” 73 CDNST Interpretive Plan 7

1. Introduction

q SRU 4A (segments 1 – q SRU 2J (segments 20- q SRU3-2L (segments 3c) – Impacts on 41) – Avalanche 44-48) – Vehicle traffic grizzly bear and elk as dangers in winter and on roads, water well as impacts on the motor vehicle uses. availability in NM, and wilderness setting There is extensive need trailhead construction q SRU 2C and 4D to construct trailheads needed in this section (segments 4 – 2D) – in this section q SRU 3E (segments 4- Impact on wilderness q SRU 3-2K (segments 7) – Lack of water and and water availability CO 42-43 and NM 1- private land on the NF and impacts 3) – Colorado: too on private property and heavy use and need for on BLM trailhead construction. This project is also aimed at meeting q SRU 2E (segments New Mexico: Water established goals of the Continental 4E-10) – Availability availability Divide Trail Alliance (CDTA) to: of water and the increase the public’s impacts on private awareness and knowledge of landowner’s property the CDNST; educate the public q SRU 2F (segment 1- about specific environments 5) – Cattle using the relative to the CDNST; and trail and elk involve the public and harassment volunteers in the creation of q SRU 21 (segments 6- this national legacy. 19) – Overuse in the Arapaho Pass area and Rocky Mountain National Park and motor vehicle use

8 CDNST Interpretive Plan 1. Introduction

1.5 Management Policy and development, operation, and will not detract from the Direction - Goal maintenance of a high quality (and overall experience of the trail. eventually continuous) nonmotorized The goal for the following broad travel route, extending along or near 3. Provide users with management policy and direction for the Continental Divide from Canada opportunities to participate in the CDNST is to facilitate and insure to Mexico, which will serve the trail related outdoor recreation the coordinated location, following purposes: activities ranging from extended strenuous and challenging travel through 1. Provide users the opportunities vastly remote alpine and desert to view and experience environments which demand examples of the great diversity high degrees of skill and self- of topographic, geologic, reliance to leisurely enjoyment vegetative, and scenic of short trail segments easily phenomenon that characterizes accessible from highways or the Continental Divide of the popular resort areas. United States. 4. Provide a linear recreation 2. Provide users opportunities to facility which will have a view, experience, and minimum adverse effect on appreciate examples of adjacent natural and cultural prehistoric and historic human environments; and harmonize use of the resources along the with the management Continental Divide; examples objectives of land and resource of the ways these resources on uses which are now or may be public land are being managed occurring on the lands through in harmony with the with the trail passes. environment, as an asset to the existing character of the Continental Divide, and which

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1. Introduction

1.6 Visitor Use and Analysis Other Visitor Groups or through trail user. It is important to include some special messages about Visitors to the CDNST include two Level I trailheads experience heavy the CDNST and some interpretation main groups – small family groups, use during the foliage season by tour along the initial section of the trail who are visiting for recreational bus companies, who stop with their that can be used by both groups. opportunities, and young adventurers. travelers at the sites along the Many of the visitors are urban highway. There are also bus tour For the casual trailhead visitor, who dwellers and are not savvy to the groups that travel through during the may not be dressed properly to even outdoors. Approximately two thirds summer months. Most buses will seat use a mile of the trail, there needs to of the visits are in the summer and between 75 – 100 passengers meaning be specific safety information clearly fall, with the last third during winter that over 100 visitors may be visiting explained at the trailhead. There months for snowshoeing and Nordic the trailhead at one time. These needs to be safety information skiing. passengers are usually not dressed to provided for the through trail user – hike trails. Also, in some cases there water availability and treatment, Visitors to Level I, II & III are concessionaire operations (i.e. afternoon thunderstorms and available Trailheads Monarch Pass – gift shop, chairlift, protection along the particular etc.) that draw additional people to the segment. The Level I Trailheads are along trailhead. major travel routes and have a variety For those visitors stopping for reasons of visitors that may or may not use the Other users visit the site to access other than the trail, it’s an opportunity trail. Highway traffic counts give a designated Wilderness Areas or to use to share information about the good estimate of the high volume of another trail (i.e. Colorado Trail) that significance of the trail, human- traffic that many of these trailheads many times follow the same route. interest type stories, and encourage have the potential to draw. Level II them to support the development of trailheads are on lesser traveled Analysis this trail. routes, or seasonal routes with less It is important in the development of use. Level III trailheads are on the the Level I & II Trailheads to Level III trailhead users are least used routes in general, with recognize that there are a majority of traditionally there to use the trail. specific use geared towards traveling people who will stop at the trailhead General safety and trail information is the trail. and never use more than a mile of the sufficient here. Interpretation is not a trail, if that. The specific objectives priority. and expectations of these visitors may be different than those for the segment

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2.1 Interpretive Purpose & Interpretive goals focus on what the 5. Enhance the visitor’s Goals agency desires for the visitor experience through a experience while visiting the CDNST coordinated consistent The overall purpose of interpretation and hiking the trail. presentation along the trail. is to: The following interpretive goals are established to: 6. Encourage increased · Assist the visitor in developing awareness and appreciation of a keener awareness, 1. Provide orientation and the CDNST and other natural appreciation, and information to the CDNST. and cultural resources that understanding of what they are results in a stewardship ethic viewing or experiencing; 2. Provide a safe, convenient, and to sustain and protect the enjoyable visit to the CDNST. CDNST.

· Accomplish management 7. Foster partnerships that goals that encourage 3. Enhance the understanding of strengthen ties to communities thoughtful use and minimize the role of human use in shaping the past and present and other local initiatives that human impact; and improve interpretive services, local landscape and environment and provide a cost effectiveness and · Encourage an understanding of context for understanding efficiency, and provide agency and partner goals and message consistency. objectives. contemporary landscapes and natural resource issues. 8. Connect people to the land The primary purpose of this 4. Improve understanding of the especially those in urban interpretive effort is to foster environments that are conservation values through written role of the agency’s missions in the conservation and becoming increasingly media and interpretive exhibits. disconnected from it. interpretation of natural resources.

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2. Interpretive Overview

2.2 Interpretive interpretive messages and should be several different agencies and Objectives/Expected used in evaluating the final product their missions are varied; and Outcomes upon completion. The objectives are what we want visitors to know, feel, · Recognize the historical Interpretive objectives are measurable experience, and do while visiting the significance the Continental and assist managers in determining if CDNST or upon their return home. At Divide had in the development they are successful in accomplishing the conclusion of their visit to of our country. the goals of the plan. Objectives help CDNST, the desire is that the majority guide the development of the of visitors will: The expected outcomes as a result of · Learn about recreation implementing this plan include: opportunities and · Less vandalism along the trail, develop respect and a less cost to repair sense of stewardship for · Increased preparedness for the CDNST; trail travel, fewer rescues · Increased use where · Leave the CDNST with appropriate and sustainable a sense of appreciation · Increased compliance, fewer for the vast number of violation notices issued mountain experiences · Increased participation in trail and recreational pursuits sponsorship available; · Increased input to agencies regarding management of trail · Understand the · Increased participation as a significance of natural volunteer on the trail events in the environment; Specific objectives should be developed by trailhead on a site-by- · Understand that the site basis. CDNST is managed by

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2.3 Statements of Significance recreational access to wilderness, management, multiple use skiing, horse trail riding, rock management as demonstrated along Statements of significance identify the climbing, mountaineering, mountain the trail, research being conducted unique and important resources found biking, fishing, skiing, snowshoeing, along the trail, etc. along the CDNST. These statements backpacking and camping. serve as guidelines for interpretive Cultural Resources planning and provide a framework Topics include: activities, locations, The CDNST is rich in the heritage and that all media decisions are built upon. safety information, ethics, and more life of the Rocky Mountains and the Background for the development of specific information by trailhead. southwestern United States and these statements can be found in provides historic and current examples Appendix A. Natural Resources of how land and people are The CDNST crosses five ecological interconnected. The following statements of life zones representative of the Rocky significance reflect the intrinsic Mountain West and the sustainability Topics include: examples of past qualities found throughout the of these resources is dependent on periods of American development, CDNST corridor. each agency’s role and responsibility examples of the many ways in which in managing multiple uses. we now use our lands, as well as ways Recreation Opportunities in which we could make better use of The CDNST is a nationally significant Topics include: importance of the our resources through public trail with some of the most spectacular Continental Divide, orientation, scenic awareness and appreciation of scenery in the US and a greater spots along the trail, interpretation of environmental relationships and good diversity of physical, social and the natural resources and how they are resource management practices. managed resources then any other managed, recent natural events such National Scenic Trail that provides as blowdowns or fires along the trail, leave no trace ethics, wildlife

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2. Interpretive Overview

Human Connections movie, the moral of the story. They 2.5 Sub–Themes The CDNST provides the opportunity answer the question, “So what?” or to reconnect with the land and our “What’s the big deal?” They can be Sub, or supporting themes relate to spiritual, social, intellectual, expressed in complete sentences, as and support the central theme and emotional, and physical well-being. opposed to topics that are general focus on specific topical information. categories of ideas. The theme The subthemes are linked specifically Topics include: human-interest provides the foundation for all to certain resources and can be the stories, life changing experiences, and presentations, no matter what media is focus for telling the story of those physical challenges over time as used. The central theme is: resources at appropriate sites or media humans crossed the Continental products. Divide. “Uniting Along the Divide” The CDNST is the common 1. Biodiversity 2.4 Interpretive Theme thread along the Continental The rich public lands surrounding Statement Divide connecting a scenic the CDNST contain scenic landscape - rich in a diversity of landscapes, diverse typography, From the interpretive goals, objectives ecosystems - to history, cultures, and plant and wildlife species and the statements of significance, values, and communities. specific to the Continental Divide, interpretive themes for CDNST are all to be managed for sustainable established. These themes capture the use to provide for future essence and importance of the ideas, generations. concepts, and features that emerged from the review of all the natural and Wildfires are part of the cultural resources. Using themes in mountain ecosystem and have been interpretive planning provides focus, extremely significant in the recent continuity, and meaning to the past, taking life, destroying interpretation. property, and changing the landscape. A central theme helps tie together the information and ideas that are presented to visitors. The theme is the principle message about the topic that we want to get across to our audiences. Themes are the plot to the

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2. Interpretive Overview

2. Recreation Experience 3. Human and Landscape people and sustainable The CDNST provides Connections resource management. recreational opportunities as it The vast array of landscapes transects the U.S., crossing the CDNST crosses carry the This rich mountain diverse landscapes, rich in memories of Native American environment has challenged plant and animal species, life, Westward expansion, and and attracted people over beautiful scenery, and the the forging of a country rich in centuries to climb the evidence of human life from natural resources – water, mountains, fish the waters, and the past and present, sustained timber, wildlife, plants, and reflect in the extraordinary for future generations. minerals. scenery.

Recreation opportunities of Cultural and human 4. Headwater Challenges national significance exist experiences along the Managing water quality and along the CDNST. Continental Divide provide a water yield ensures a healthy glimpse into the past and and sustainable water supply Growing recreation demands picture of the future for agriculture and domestic and sustainable land use relationships between land and use to the east and west sides challenge resource managers. of the Continental Divide.

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3. Recommended Interpretive Opportunities

3.1 Existing Conditions page 6-7 of the CDNST Design informative, interpretive, and Guidelines. The Level I Trailheads attractive and follow the interpretive There are various levels of are the first priority for development. themes. development at the trailheads. Some trailheads do not even exist yet, and Develop a consistent sign structure some include restrooms and 3.2.a. Level I Trailheads (base) and design as reflected in the concessionaire facilities. There is BEIG. Develop a consistent very limited interpretation. An · Develop a three-panel header/graphic style that will visually inventory of each trailhead should information/orientation kiosk. tie all the signs together across the clearly identify what to keep and what · Develop specific low profile entire CDNST. Install highway changes need to be made. Current interpretive panels along the approach markers ¼ mile ahead of personal services interpretation initial stretch of the trail trailheads and information kiosks for (uniformed interpreter) is virtually interpreting attributes of increased visibility and visitation. non-existent. significance that can be seen primarily on the Level I Work with partners to provide 3.2 Proposed Interpretive trailheads. Consider Level II orientation kiosks in locations outside of the CDNST corridor. Encourage Sites Trailheads as appropriate. visits to the CDNST where appropriate, by placing kiosks at As the gateways to the CDNST, the Develop trailhead orientation kiosks at visitor centers, chambers, and agency Level I & II Trailheads, located along all Level I Trailheads. Introduce visitors to major interpretive themes. offices. Possible locations include highways, are prime locations to local airports, community visitor provide information and orientation to Orient the visitor to the activities available on the CDNST. Include a centers, and Inter-state Welcome the CDNST, interpretation of on-site Centers. attributes, and the mission of the CNDST map, safety orientation, user agencies and partners. The Level I ethics, travel management Trailheads are shown on the map on information, etc. They need to be

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3.2.b. Level II Trailheads 3.3a. Three-Panel Center Panel- Panel 2 - Map – Entire Information/Orientation Kiosk CDNST as inset – and specific The second priority for trailhead location from previous trailhead to development and interpretive exhibits Left Panel: Panel 1 –Recreation next trailhead. This panel will include includes the Level II Trailheads. Activities and Opportunities a 2 or 3-page acrylic envelope holder These will be developed at a lower for special orders, messages, etc. scale. Two panels may be sufficient This panel will be rotated seasonally if at these trailheads. Additional low desired. A summer season, fall season Topics to be covered: profile interpretive panels may be with hunting, and winter season with · Orientation - A large area map considered if there is a significant snowmobile/skiing theme as will highlight areas to visit, interpretive element. These are appropriate. distances and time to get to usually a lower ROS classification, major destinations (mileage and may be a more rustic style Topics to be covered: chart), elevations, travel according to the Built Environment · Activities by season - management areas, etc. Image Guide. Activities will be highlighted across the unit i.e. watchable · User Ethics - Information will 3.2.c. Level III Trailheads wildlife opportunities, include Leave No Trace wildflower areas, scenic vistas, messages, Tread Lightly, pack The third priority for development etc. it in/pack it out, travel will be the Level III Trailheads with management, safety messages, limited access as a trailhead facility · Safety - Information will and other appropriate ethic with one panel only and no separate include safety messages with messages. interpretive signage. regard to water, high altitudes, storms, etc. as appropriate by Right Panel - Panel 3 – Welcome 3.3 Recommended Actions season. Could include some and Introduction to CDNST specific user ethic information Interpretive Theme Development may be phased in as if not covered on the map This panel will include the CDNST funding is obtained or partners panel. logo and agency shield. This will be a acquired. basic line graphic of trailhead corridor with photos.

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3. Recommended Interpretive Opportunities

Topics to be covered: 3.3.b. Continental Divide Sign vicarious experience for people who · Welcome to the CDNST and might not have an opportunity to visit importance of the CDNST Provide the traditional butterfly the CDNST. · Uniting Along the Divide Continental Divide Sign that straddles · Unique features to the CDNST the divide. Develop a consistent and Orientation and trip planning – meadows, geology, snow striking structure (base) and design represents a vital function of the site. capped peaks, history, wildlife that can be implemented across the In addition to providing maps of the such as elk, moose, deer CDNST. CDNST include self-guided trail maps · Respect Nature – resource by segment, USFS Recreation ethic 3.3.c. Low Profile Interpretive Opportunity Guide sheet type maps for the trail, etc. Include specific · Protect for future generations Exhibits safety information on water · Hospitality message availability, lightning hazards, and · Various recreation Interpretive Exhibits should be other hazards along the route. Create opportunities developed as appropriate by theme. links to WWW sites of partners and Develop a consistent, complimentary adjacent resources. Include basic Specific examples of interpretation sign base for the panels. proposed at Monarch Pass, Colorado information in other languages used by international visitors coming to the is located in Appendix B and includes 3.3.d. Electronic Media themes, objectives, graphic needs, region. Provide current information on road and utility construction, design notes particular to the site, and The CDTA Worldwide Web site on recommendations for number/size of, special programs and events, and the CDNST represents a very weather conditions. The site should any site work needed and general cost significant tool for reaching the estimates. This information can be include a link to the campground visiting and non-visiting public. Not reservation system and cabin/lookout used in the next phase of exhibit only can it prepare people for their planning. rentals. visit through orientation and information, but also it can provide a

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The WWW site offers unlimited tour of the CDNST. Computer kiosk along the CDNST by State. The opportunities to provide the public locations with net access should be at brochure could be thematically with additional information about the the agency office, chambers, etc. presented by topic – i.e. wildlife, CDNST. It should highlight many of prehistoric occupation, etc. They the interpretive opportunities and can 3.3.e. Brochures could also be developed as a tour in include interpretive information on the partnership with local or regional natural and cultural resources along Develop an interpretive brochure that tourism initiatives to include off the CDNST and even a virtual video highlights all the interpretive sites agency sites as well.

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4. Interpretive Design Guidelines

These guidelines should be used to special orders, announcements, define standards and maintain etc. 5. The CDNST, agency logo and consistency in development of shield should be present on all interpretive media. Guidelines should 3. All interpretive media should media. Additional logos – i.e. be adhered to throughout media blend harmoniously with the CDTA, wolf logo for development phases. environment, using design wilderness, Colorado Trail, elements consistent with the etc. should be used as Adherence to high quality design Recreation Opportunity appropriate. Employ a unified standards is critical to the success of Spectrum (ROS), the Built graphic design for the sign interpretive media. Visitors are more Environment Image Guide elements for all wayside and inclined to read information and abide (BEIG), local resources, e.g., orientation kiosks throughout by agency regulations if presented native rock bases for waysides, the trail. clearly, aesthetically and etc. and limit impacts to professionally. cultural and natural resources. 6. Graphics formats and styles for all media should be 1. All signage should be 4. Interpretive media must consistent and follow a design fabricated of a similar material strictly adhere to federal theme developed. Graphic and color using computer accessibility standards. standards should reinforce the digitized printing within high- Written material should be theme and create a unique pressure laminate or fiberglass available in large print and identity throughout. embedment. audio format. 7. All interpretive exhibits should 2. Information kiosks should be designed to be easily used contain panels that can be and maintained, and be vandal rotated. They can also contain resistant. an area to include regulations, fire orders, etc. as needed. Tacked up regulations on paper/posters often lack professionalism and should be avoided – i.e. fire orders, other

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5. Personal Services Program

Even with the introduction of non- 5.1 Potential Interpretive Roving interpreters will increase personal interpretive media as Opportunities agency opportunities to orient, inform identified in this plan, there is no and educate unit visitors. The substitute for the uniformed “ranger” Specific priorities and locations will interpreters develop positive rapport to communicate resource values and need to be developed with cost with visitors, disperse visitors, deter agency policies. Uniformed presence estimates and funding opportunities adverse behavior, and promote the can also deter adverse impacts or specifically identified. agency image and the mission. The inappropriate behaviors in regard to interpreter can also provide important structures and resources. They also 5.1.a. Informal (Roving) safety information. can improve visitor safety. An Interpretation enthusiastic interpreter can develop This is the most personal opportunity The contact can also be used as an visitor support for agency to provide interpretation to visitors opportunity to discuss management philosophies and programs. one-on-one. Roving interpretation is issues and agency policy in an done informally without a structured interpretive context. Due to the high visitation the CDNST program. receives, especially at Level I 5.1.b. Conducted Interpretive Trailheads, public contact The role of the interpreter is to engage Programs interpretation is one of the most visitors in conversations, while Conducted programs will enhance the effective interpretive tools to achieve walking throughout the site, with the information and roving efforts and the goals of this Interpretive Plan. goal of making visitor contacts, and provide more in-depth education on The following interpretive ideas are assisting visitors with information or significant resources, land ethics, suggested to achieve the goals in this other needs. management concerns and policies, plan. and the agency mission and philosophy.

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5. Personal Services Program

Guided Tours/Walks – These (trailhead or nearest Topics could include: are specifically developed campground) throughout the · Sheepherders and programs conducted by an day. Cattlemen interpreter. · Offer evening classes · Tie hacks · Establish a “Step-On” (or classes on slower · Early Native interpretive program use days) Americans with the tour bus · Sell materials for class · Early CCC’ers companies through at sales outlet; possibly · Key historic figures recreation fee demo sell artist’s work · Gold seekers where an interpreter through sales outlet. · Early guides rides the bus from · Present a · Families that crossed Point A to Point B or demonstration, talk, or the Divide vice versa i.e. chamber presentation at set office to trailhead. times during the day. Formal programs conducted by

uniformed interpreter should: Develop a guided · Living History Presentations · Include the themes addressed horse/bike ride or hike – This is an opportunity for an earlier on short segments of interpreter or local historian to · Go into more detail than the the trail near the “act” out a story in costume exhibits, and trailhead. and share tools, articles, etc. of · Relate to resource the time. This is highly management issues and goals “Artist in Residence” desirable where the CDNST

Program – This is a crosses National Historic Specific program topics may include: partnership program with a Trails.

professional visual or · Prehistoric people that lived in performing artist, writer, or the area composer interested in pursuing their art on site

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5. Personal Services Program

· Flora and fauna Suggestions: planning does not address themes, · Place names Partner with other agencies/local goals, and objectives of each · Gold fever colleges/groups/outfitter and guides to interpretive program, instead it · Wilderness do programs, and have them establishes management objectives, · Fire, and other natural events introduced by an agency employee in and how interpretation will be · Westward expansion uniform. Identify special events accomplished, and specific decisions where programs can be that may be required by a seasonal conducted. Work with supervisor. The sample form in chambers and tourism Appendix D provides a general outline offices to prioritize program for program planning purposes. needs for special events, tour groups, bus groups, ski 5.3 Suggested Personal area, and other groups. It is Services Interpretation important that partners and the programs tie closely Utilize partners as appropriate to with the CDNST provide information and interpretive themes and interpretation. Evaluate the average subthemes. attendance at programs by day of week, location, and topic and 5.2 Program Planning recommend the best value. Re- evaluate on an annual basis. Develop Preliminary program plans and provide an Interpretive Resource serve to justify the purpose Manual for staff and partners and intent of programs, (outfitter/guides, CDTA, etc.) determine how they will be conducting programs and providing accomplished and identify information. Utilize the evaluation specific concerns to be and monitoring guidelines addressed considered for each later in the plan and in Appendix C. program. This portion of

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5. Personal Services Program

5.4 Outside Funding · Forest Service Natural · Interpretive associations Resource Conservation · State wildlife agencies The interpretive program should strive Education Program · Colleges and Universities to be partially self-sustaining. This · National Endowment for the · Local historical societies will help ensure the survival of Arts · State Archaeological interpretation in lean budget years. In · National Forest Foundation Council addition to charging fees for special · State Historical Society · Local museums interpretive programs or events · National Resource Education through recreation fee demo, there are Foundation additional opportunities to maintain a · Conservation for the program with limited funding. The Millennium following suggestions should be · Environmental Protection considered when looking for outside Agency – Environmental funding and assistance. Education · Fish America Foundation Grants Grants are available through a variety In addition, partners like the of foundations, funds, trusts, and state following can put in for private programs. Grants have been awarded foundation grants that the federal more for brochures/exhibits, etc., than agencies are usually not eligible for personal services. However, you for. should consider:

· Continental Divide Trail Alliance

24 CDNST Interpretive Plan

5. Personal Services Program

Agreements benefits to both parties. If such a 7) How will the success of the Agreements between private program is pursued, the following program be monitored and businesses or non-profits and public questions should be addressed and evaluated? agencies can help facilitate an negotiated: interpretive program that benefits all. Volunteers – Groups Sharing personnel between agencies 1) What are the objectives of the A variety of groups are available for or sharing costs of interpreters is one program? partnerships and grant writing. example. Potential agreements: 2) Who/what audiences will Research can be provided by local · Continental Divide Trail benefit from the program? historical society. Technical Alliance 3) Who will supervise and assistance and program support can · Concessionaire evaluate employees? come from a variety of groups. · Interpretive Association 4) What are the employee needs Funding by donation or funding for · Resort Naturalist Program for housing, uniforms, specific programs or projects can be training, and vehicle use provided by group support. Possible In lieu of funding, another feasible during work hours, pay and groups: Continental Divide Trail option to consider is setting up a other miscellaneous items and Alliance, local historical societies, partnership with local resorts to how will this be handled? tourism board, local senior centers, operate a resort naturalist program. 5) What kind of schedule will be clubs, Audubon Society, Trout Numerous forests have successfully developed that meets program Unlimited, Foundation for North implemented this program in the past. objectives and determines American Wild Sheep, Rocky level of programming at Mountain Elk Foundation, local Agreements are made between local lodge/resort facilities? colleges, outfitters, local city and resort owners and the agency that are 6) How will funding for program county municipalities. cost sharing arrangements and provide be managed?

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5. Personal Services Program

Volunteers - Individuals The importance of developing this · Evaluation Forms There are a number of options for manual should not be underestimated: (Appendix C) providing personnel to give it sets forth high quality standards for · Sample Program Plan interpretive programs. Locally, many a the interpreter’s performance, (Appendix D) talented individuals and groups can establishes standard operating · Interpretive Program Outline assist in developing an interpretive procedures, and provides for (Appendix E) program. Coordination and training consistency in communicating of these individuals and groups resource information and agency Appropriate expertise and time should requires a full-time supervisor. philosophy, mission and messages. be devoted to the manual’s Possible Interpretive Personnel: development. This effort should be Agency personnel, interns, local Contents of the manual should undertaken during the summer months teachers, college professors, include: to witness visitor behavior and issues volunteers, Student Conservation · Narrative research supporting relevant to the manual. Association interns, college work- all interpretive themes study students, concessionaire · Standard operating procedures personnel, chamber of commerce for visitor services, members, club members, guest interpretive programs, and speakers, etc. medical emergencies typically encountered 5.5 Interpretive Resource · Job Hazard Analysis (FS- Manual 6700-7) for staff (USFS) · Interpretive techniques and A critical element for a successful communication skills public contact program is the · Natural history and Interpretive Resource Manual. This conservation of the CDNST manual lays the foundation for · Agency mission and conducting and evaluating all public management practices contact activities along the CDNST.

26 CDNST Interpretive Plan 5. Personal Services Program

The manual is not intended to limit The following items need to be The Interpretive Resources Manual creativity; rather its purpose is to covered to ensure consistency in should be made available to all ensure consistent, high quality visitor interpretive themes and interpretive staff. They will know services, accurate resource professionalism: what is expected of their performance information, and Agency messages. · Interpretive techniques and and provide accurate and consistent New staff will have a framework upon communication skills information and interpretive services which to build and individualize their · Natural history and to the public. interpretive programs while conservation of the CDNST maintaining accuracy and consistency · Agency mission and Evaluation and monitoring must be in message, information, and resource management practices conducted regularly to ensure the high information. · Heritage – It’s About Time! A quality visitor services indicative of National Strategy (USFS) the agency. See Appendix C. This 5.6 Training · Employee and visitor health can be accomplished through: and safety– (first aid, CPR, · Communicating performance All public contact staff should receive etc.) standards to all seasonal training prior to providing information interpreters and interpretive services to CDNST Staff meetings conducted regularly · Periodic auditing and review visitors. Those in need of training throughout the summer provides of all public contact programs include: seasonal interpreters, additional opportunities to increase · Mid-season and final frontliners, volunteers, and anyone staff skills in a variety of evaluations of performance for who may be in contact with visitors. environmental interpretive areas. all seasonals Utilize the National Association for They provide a forum for staff to Interpretation Interpretive Guide share interpretive techniques, Training. Training all staff together successes, failures, and experiences. will enhance communications improving overall service to the public.

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5. Personal Services Program

5.7 Summary allows, rather it is an essential means managers responsible for resource to achieve the goals of this protection and visitor safety – will A seasonal public contact program is Interpretive Plan. The benefits of this follow. not a luxury offered only if budget interpretive program – to visitors who use and enjoy the CDNST and agency

28 CDNST Interpretive Plan

6. Marketing Recommendations

The following marketing · Write weekly or monthly Training: recommendations are proposed to feature articles on interpretive · Provide interpretive training fully implement the interpretive plan. sites on the CDNST for local through partnerships with Visitors need to know about the and regional publications, chambers, tourism incredible opportunities available on newspapers, and magazines. associations, outfitter/guides, the CDNST, and this final step in the public and private parks, plan is essential to accomplishing the · Design and sell annual museums, etc. goals. Many of the recommendations CDNST poster featuring can be implemented with the help and scenic, cultural or historical Signing: funding of partners or grants. Others elements of the CDNST. Do · Install highway approach signs can be implemented as a part of through interpretive to inform drivers of upcoming normal business on the unit. Still association or CDTA and offer wayside exhibits at trailheads. others can be implemented as the unit prizes for art or photo used. · Include introduction and revises or expands current orientation kiosks at Level I opportunities, such as the agency map, · Develop placemats with local trailheads to all visitors to or website. restaurants that feature unique successfully find, use and stories or a map of the CDNST enjoy the CDNST. Printed Media: area. Use placemats to share · Incorporate interpretive ethics and safety information information and messages in as well. current publications being distributed in the private sector · Develop a mailing list to through museums, tours, and provide up-to date other initiatives. information, especially safety messages, operational changes · Prepare a rack card on or special events, to television interpretive highlights on the stations, newspapers, hotels, CDNST for wide distribution and motels, private throughout the region, motels, campgrounds, etc. gas stations, and along Interstate travel corridors. 73 CDNST Interpretive Plan 29

6. Marketing Recommendations

Electronic Media: interpretive sites on the unit · Include map. interpretive opportunities Education: and self-guided · Develop a short informative tours on the welcome video on the CDNST current CDTA that can be seen on the web web site. site, or viewed on a bus tour. · Create student activity Tours: modules with partners on · Develop environmental education ecotours and focused on issues on the heritage tours CDNST. with partners · Create an interpretive activity to promote the guidebook that includes safety CDNST. messages; trail ethics, wilderness ethics, etc. for Maps: group organizations to use · Promote above before visiting the CDNST. tours on-line Sell through CDTA or a local and through interpretive association. tear-off maps developed that highlight tours. · Incorporate significant

30 CDNST Interpretive Plan 7. Funding & Cost Estimates

7.1 Funding

Funding is a part of the agency Capital Investment Program or partnerships.

7.2 Cost estimates (2004 estimated costs)

Typical Level I Trailhead Costs for interpretive signing:

Interpretive Panel Development Kiosk structure- construction/installation: $10,000

Text, graphic design and artwork – $3,500/panel x 6 panels = $21,000 Exhibit fabrication per panel – 36” x 24” – with duplicate: $500 x 6 panels = $ 3,000 Exhibit fabrication per panel – 48” x 60” – with duplicate: $750 x 6 panels = $ 4,500 Low Profile – Hopewell Style Frames – $450/each x 3 = $ 1,350

Total: $39,850

7.3 Annual Operation and for the duration of the time they exist may enter into an agreement with a Maintenance on the site. The agency will budget non-profit partner such as CDTA to annually for operation and help with operations and maintenance. Operations and maintenance are maintenance expenses which may Interpretive panels should be entered integral parts of public use facilities. include cleaning and pumping toilets, into the agency database (INFRA – Exhibit and maintenance costs will be monthly water tests, trash removal, USFS) for inclusion in the budgeting the responsibility of the agency, as the cleaning signs and adding/removing process. exhibits will remain agency property panels or information. The agency

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8. Evaluation Strategies and Techniques

While evaluation of any interpretive 8.1 Unobtrusive Methods 2. Behavior mapping - this product is a critical factor to its technique requires an accurate ongoing success, it is often the most The goal is to apply measurement record of visitors’ actions in a over looked component. Evaluation of techniques that address the questions particular place at a specific programs or any being asked, while disturbing the time. The area is defined and interpretive/educational endeavor setting as little as possible, allowing a coded form is filled out provides a venue for restructuring the study of real people in real stating what happened and effective program planning and environments. The disadvantage of where. Different variables can opportunity for growth. The methods using this technique is that it may include the time of day, age suggested below provide several entail an invasion of privacy and a groups observed, backgrounds alternatives for evaluation and can be lack of informed consent on the of visitors, utilization of adapted to use for diverse projects and visitor’s part. equipment and facilities, etc. programs. The lead interpreter, This technique can be used to interpretive specialist, recreation staff, 1. Observational Techniques - predict the success or failure trail crews, wilderness rangers, and the best way to do this is to of new facilities. frontliners, or partners such as CDTA, watch others and report their as appropriate, should conduct behavior and interactions in 3. Accretion - this data evaluations. This can be done the setting by using recorded collection method measures informally on an annual basis. narratives, video cameras, the physical evidence removed photography, or written notes. or left behind at a specific The important thing to keep in mind The advantage to this method location. It can be a mapping when evaluating and choosing is the recorded results can be of trails formed by visitors different data collection methods is reviewed at a later date when when no trails are present (for that the assessment of behavior, more time is available to log future planning of trail mood, or response to environmental the data. Spreadsheets can be locations), it can be recycling conditions should be as unobtrusive as developed to log the number drop-off stations (or brochure possible. The following are some of occurrences of certain recycling), trash or litter left methods employed by environmental behaviors and what provoked behind, nose and hand prints psychologists to study and record them (whether positive or on exhibits, or numerous other visitors responses to stimuli. negative). physical remnants of visitors.

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8. Evaluation Strategies and Techniques

8.2 Obtrusive Methods: the questionnaire has left 8.3 Recommended Exhibit the site, and visitors may Evaluation Methods The most obvious and sometimes interpret the questions accurate way of measuring visitors inaccurately. Exhibits may be evaluated in the moods, thoughts, attitudes and planning stage, or after completion by behavior is to directly ask what they b. Interviews - this can be using one or a combination of the are thinking, how they feel, and what given only to a few people following methods: they would like to see or feel at a at a time since it is an specific location. individual process. The · Use the Wayside Exhibit interviewer may need Evaluation Checklist in 1. Self-report measures - this some level of skill in Appendix C. method involves interviews interpreting the visitor’s · Evaluate exhibit with panel of on-site or mail-back response and in answering outsiders not associated with questionnaires given to them their questions. interpretation or subject when they leave the site. matter. 2. Cognitive Mapping - this a. Questionnaires - the · Evaluate exhibit based upon advantage to this method is exercise can be fun and interaction with various that if given to the visitor challenging. The visitor is asked senses, abilities, and cognitive upon leaving the site, it can to draw a map in one minute levels. showing the site they just visited. be mailed back · Observe and record visitor This is done in a red pencil. Then anonymously, or filled out interest at exhibit sites by they are given another color pencil at the end of the visit and noting amount of time spent at to continue the map for another dropped anonymously in a exhibit; fingerprints, minute, and so on. Once five collection spot. It can also footprints, and cigarette butts. minutes is up, they are done. The be given to a large group at Look for results of map shows the importance of one time, with little skill depreciative behavior and certain areas to them, and lists needed to perform the data increase or decrease in them in order of value. collection. The vandalism/graffiti, etc. disadvantage is that an · Solicit visitor comments with interviewer is not available questionnaire they fill out. to answer questions once 73 CDNST Interpretive Plan 33

8. Evaluation Strategies and Techniques

8.4 Summary should be conducted on a regular importantly, topics, content, and schedule and can be as intense or exhibits used should be improved or In summary, evaluation and general as desired. Reviewers can changed if indicated from the data monitoring is critical to the ongoing gather data on a seasonal basis. collected. success for the interpretive media Media can be evaluated as to wear and used. This evaluation and monitoring tear, as well as, content. Most

34 CDNST Interpretive Plan

Additional Resources

Beck, Larry; Cable , Ted. 1998. Knudson, Douglas M.; Cable, Ted T.; Interpretation for the 21st Century. Beck, Larry. 1995. Interpretation of Plae, Inc. 1993. Universal Access to Champaign, Illinois: Sagamore Cultural and Natural Resources. State Outdoor Recreation – A Design Guide. Publishing. College, Pennsylvania: Venture Berkeley, California: MIG Publishing, Inc. Communications. Brochu, Lisa. 2003. Interpretive Planning. The 5-M Model for Successful Leopold, Aldo. 1966. A Sand County Serrell, Beverly. 1996. Exhibit Labels. Planning Projects. Ft. Collins, Colorado: Almanac. USA: Oxford University An Interpretive Approach. Walnut Creek, The National Association for Press, Inc. California: Alta Mira Press. Interpretation. Lewis, William J. 1989. Interpreting for Sharpe, Grant W. 1982. Interpreting the Cornell, Joseph. 1979. Sharing Nature Park Visitors. Philadelphia, Environment. (2nd ed.). New York: John with Children. Nevada City, California: Pennsylvania: Eastern National Park & Wiley & Sons. Dawn Publications. Monument Association. Tilden, Freeman. 1977. Interpreting Our Earthworks. 1990. 50 Simple Things Machlis, Gary E. (ed.). 1986. Heritage (rev. ed.). Chapel Hill, North Kids Can Do to Save the Earth. Kansas Interpretive Views. Washington, D.C.: Carolina: University of North Carolina City, Missouri: Andrews & McMeel. National Parks and Conservation Press. Association. Ham, Sam H. 1992. Environmental Vineyard, Sue. 1984. Marketing Magic Interpretation – A Practical Guide for Machlis, Gary E.; Field, Donald R. for Volunteer Programs. Downers People with Big Ideas and Small Budgets. (eds.). 1984. On Interpretation – Grove, Illinois: Heritage Arts Publishing. Golden, Colorado: North American Press. Sociology for Interpreters of Natural and Cultural History. Corvallis, Oregon: Yamada, Alan; Ostergaard, Dick; Jilbert, Hultsman, John; Cottrell, Richard L.; and Oregon State University Press. Mari; Brunswick, Nancy. 2002. Scenic Hultsman, Wendy Z. 1998. Planning Byways – A Guide for Roadside Parks for People. State College, Manfredo, Michael J. 1992. Influencing Improvements. USDA Forest Service, San Pennsylvania: Venture Publishing, Inc. Human Behavior – Theory and Dimas Technology Development Center. Application in Recreation, Tourism, and Hunter, Carol. 1994. Everyone’s Nature Natural Resource Management. – Designing Interpretation to Include All. Champaign, Illinois: Sagamore Helena, Montana: Falcon Press. Publishing Company, Inc.

73 CDNST Interpretive Plan 35

Acknowledgements

The author wishes to express Keith Thurlkill, USFS, R1, Regional Terry Wong, Manager, USFS, Rocky appreciation and thanks to the Interpretive Specialist Mountain Region, Center for Design following professionals who Gordon M. Williams, USFS, R4, and Interpretation contributed to this document: Interpretive and Tourism Services Coordinator Prepared by: USDA Forest Service, Sharon Brown, National Park Service, Cheryl Hazlitt, Interpretive Specialist, Rocky Mountain Region National Trails Program USFS Rocky Mountain Region, Center for Design and Interpretation Greg Warren, USFS, CDNST Rocky Center for Design and Interpretation Sharon Kyhl, Interpretive Specialist Mountain Region Trails Coordinator Jackie Twiss, Graphic Designer Christopher Sporl, USFS, Rocky Additional thanks go to the following Donna Sullenger, Artist Mountain Region Landscape individuals who provided valuable Architect, Center for Design and input to the development of the Interpretation Interpretive Plan: Jennifer Burns, USFS, Forest Paula Ward, Executive Director, Landscape Architect, Arapaho Continental Divide Trail Alliance Roosevelt National Forest Francisco Valenzuela, USFS, Rocky Funded in part through a grant from Neal Weierbach, USFS, Forest Mountain Region, Recreation Planner the Go Colorado Fund. Landscape Architect, Pike and San Isabel National Forests

36 CDNST Interpretive Plan Appendices

APPENDIX A Background for Statements of Significance

APPENDIX B Proposed Interpretation

APPENDIX C Wayside Exhibit Evaluation Program Evaluation

APPENDIX D Sample Program Plan

APPENDIX E Interpretive Program Outline

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38 CDNST Interpretive Plan

Appendix A Background for Statements of Significance

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40 CDNST Interpretive Plan

Appendix A – Background for Statements of Significance

Background - from the CDSNT opportunity to enjoy a greater Comprehensive Plan – 1985 diversity of physical, social, and Charette Input managerial settings than found on any Recreation Resource Management other extended National Scenic Trail. The statements above under Along the CDNST The route of the Continental Divide Recreation Resource Management Tail will cross five ecological life provide the basis for the Statements of Eventual location of a 3,100-mile zones where visitors will find most of Significance that help develop the Continental Divide Trail from Canada the topography, climate, vegetation Interpretive Themes. In addition, the to Mexico will provide the American and wildlife for which the Rocky following Overall Qualities were people with recreational opportunities Mountain West is noted. brainstormed during the Charette held of national significance. The trail, December 2002 and then organized by managed and administered within the The areas through which the trail will topic: guidelines for national scenic trails pass are also rich in the heritage and and the land and resource life of the Rocky Mountains and the Scenic management policies of the respective southwestern United States. The trail · Scenic vistas agencies will further the national goal traverses lands of historical and · National Scenic Trail - not of promoting public enjoyment and cultural importance. It will provide National Historic Trail - Allow appreciation of our scenic outdoor the recreationist with examples of past American public to see special areas. periods of American development, scenery and places examples of the many ways in which · Conservation and enjoyment of The trail will make available we now use our lands, as well as ways scenic, historic, natural qualities numerous additional outdoor in which we could make better use of · CD is the "highest" trail - greatest recreation experiences. Trail users our resources through public change in elevation - talk about will be able to wind their way through awareness and appreciation of elevation some of the most spectacular scenery environmental relationships and good in the United States and have an resource management practices.

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Appendix A – Background for Statements of Significance

Geography/Geology · Continental Divide itself is · Recreation opportunities - · Relationship to how water is unique-crossing the divide is a trailheads, caters to diverse flowing-attraction point significant achievement-barrier opportunities - wilderness, car · It's about oceans and water sheds · Ecological diversity makes it very · Gateway concept - attitudes and · CD is the highest trail – greatest different from other trails - feelings, spirit of the CDNST change in elevation – talk about Canada to Mexico - desert to sub- should happen at the trailhead - elevation alpine. Show graphically so all can part of a huge trail, information is · One of the most diverse trails - understand exchanged, interaction. different levels of development · Linkage to communities. Natural · Crossroads of inter modal and ecological systems - alpine, sub alpine, montane. transportation - transfer from one · One of only a few unifying Cultural - history, social linkages, mode to another, "inter modal" elements in North America links us to the past. jump-off point. · Watersheds - where watershed · Native Americans used passes - starts Human Connections linkage east to west · Historical significance-spiritual · Rugged aspect - difficulty, Ecosystem relationship with the land. struggles of crossing, challenges, · Uniqueness of the high elevations- Relationship to the corridor self reliance, not an ADA alpine, sub-alpine · Forest Service mission- accessible area except for short · It's about oceans and watersheds conservation of watersheds segments and certain trailheads · CD is the highest trail – greatest · Connection to people - this is · Links us to prehistory - Native change in elevation – talk about where the water comes from - we American - shallow depth of elevation all live downstream resources in mountainous areas · Take care of watershed – respect

42 CDNST Interpretive Plan

Appendix A – Background for Statements of Significance

· Concept of the existence of the · Investment in the travel and Crosses other great trails - trail, self reliance tourism industry common to 1/2 dozen other great · Vicarious use-specialties of its · Direct relationship to what we trails (e.g. Chief Joseph, Mormon, existence design California, Oregon, Lewis and · Physical challenge, learn about the · Ecotourism Clark as well as railroad systems environment, equipment testing, · Scenic highway and byways and Rt.66) escape heat, history, bonding with programs cross the Divide, are · **Uniting along the "Great family, volunteerism, reasons why part of Level I trails and are part Divide" people would use. Benefits based of the connection · There is an audience to tell hiker's recreation/motivation · Involvement/recognition of stories. Personal interest stories. · Get out of the trail "whatever you public/people in this This is part of story, seek" · History from east to west accomplishment - illustrates · One of the most diverse trails - · Tier down from CD. Concept of mission, goal completion-yet not different levels of development the "Great Divide". Find out its same as suffering say for and ecological systems roots. Mormon's - not historical in · Partnerships - as important as · North America, this great divide context – a contemporary building trail - get people involved between exploration - now play connection in the environment and outdoors. role of being able to reflect on · Interpreting local history is critical · The prestige of the CDNST - scenery, outdoor recreation - especially for future, say, to organizations want their name · “The King of Trails"- CDTA has locally maintain and sustain associated with it an article about this - must be particular sections - "local - Want to be involved careful about how we use this segment by segment pieces". That - Scale and significance phrase will make it work - Like · History along trail - "People Appalachian Trail History" - "Passes Across" -

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44 CDNST Interpretive Plan

Appendix B Proposed Interpretation

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46 CDNST Interpretive Plan

Appendix B – Proposed Interpretation

Interpretive Media Information for the Objectives: As a result of viewing Current Condition: The current site Continental Divide National the exhibits, the majority of visitors is a large, unmarked parking area will: adjacent to a concessionaire operated Scenic Trail · learn about recreation visitor center and gift shop, with a opportunities and develop chairlift operation. In addition there is Type: Three-Panel Kiosk respect and a sense of a large dome like snow shed used by stewardship for the CDNST; the Colorado Department of Site: Monarch Pass, San Isabel · leave the CDNST with a sense Transportation. The CDNST trailhead National Forest, Colorado of appreciation for the vast is barely noticed. There is a wide number of mountain open parking area and dangerous Topic: The Continental Divide experiences and recreational cross traffic. The Continental Divide National Scenic Trail pursuits available; Sign is in the middle outside. The

· understand the significance of interpretive signage is in the Theme: “Uniting Along the Great natural events in the concessionaire building. Divide” The CDNST is the common environment; · understand that the CDNST is Desired Conditions/Media thread connecting a scenic Recommendations: landscape - rich in a managed by several different Federal agencies and their Three panel kiosk with 48” x 60” diversity of ecosystems - to panels. history, cultures, values, and missions are varied; and · recognize the historical Include benches as appropriate for communities. seating and loading backpacks. significance the Continental Audience: Traveling public and trail Divide had in the development hikers of our country.

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Appendix B – Proposed Interpretation

Level I Trailheads embedded, porcelain enamel or other hunting, and winter season with Type: Three Panel Kiosk material with a 10-year warranty. snowmobile/skiing theme as Draft text and graphics will be appropriate. List of Graphic Needs: completed. Remaining work includes Welcome, Forest Service shield, doing text development, layout/design Topics to be covered: CDNST logo, and other logos as and fabrication. r Activities by season appropriate r Activities will be highlighted Forest map in revised conceptual Signage Recommendations: 6 panels across the unit, i.e. watchable format total (2 permanent and 4 seasonal) wildlife opportunities, Place to post: changing weather sized approximately 48” x 60” each wildflower areas, and scenic information/ fire danger, message Panel 1: Special activities, welcome, vistas, etc. board, regulations and special notices. safety r Safety Weatherproof. Panel 2: Map of the area with r Information will include safety identification of significant locations messages with regard to water, Notes/Design Instructions: Panels 3/4/5/6: Seasonal panels for high The unit will construct and install the autumn, winter, spring and summer r altitudes, storms, etc. as kiosk. Panels will be designed and appropriate by season. Could fabricated to match the specifications Left Panel: Panel 1 –Recreation include some specific ethic (size) established in the kiosk design. Activities and Opportunities information if not covered on This panel will be rotated seasonally as the map panel These panels will be fabricated of appropriate or desired by portal. A high-pressure laminate, fiberglass summer season, fall season with

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Appendix B – Proposed Interpretation

Level I Trailheads Type: Three Panel Kiosk User Ethics Topics to be covered: Information will include Leave r Welcome to the CDNST Center Panel- Panel 2 - Map – No Trace messages, Tread r Uniting Along the Great Entire CDNST as inset – and specific Lightly, pack-it-in/pack-it-out, Divide location from previous trailhead to travel management, safety r Unique features to the next trailhead. This pane will include messages, and other appropriate CDNST – meadows, a 2 or 3-page acrylic envelope holder ethic messages. geology, snow capped peaks, for special orders, messages, etc. history, wildlife such as elk, Right Panel - Panel 3 – Welcome moose, deer Topics to be covered: and Introduction to CDNST r Respect Nature – Resource Orientation Theme ethic A large forest map will highlight This panel will include the CDNST r Protect for future generations areas to visit, distances and time logo and agency shield. This will be r Hospitality Message to get to major destinations a basic line graphic of trail corridor r Various Recreation (mileage chart), elevations, travel with photos and brief explanations of Opportunities management areas, etc. day use opportunities.

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Appendix B – Proposed Interpretation

Interpretive Media Information for evidence of human life from the Continental Divide National the past and present…. Scenic Trail sustained for future generations. Type: Three Low-profile Interpretive Signs Human and Landscape Connections The vast of array of landscapes Site: Monarch Pass, San Isabel the CDNST crosses carry the National Forest, Colorado memories of Native American life, Westward expansion, and Topic: Historic Stories of the Divide, the forging of a country rich in Modern Day Hiker Stories along the natural resources – water, CDNST, and Plants and Animals at timber, wildlife, plants, and Timberline minerals. This rich mountain Theme: “Uniting Along the Great Cultural and human environment has challenged Divide” experiences along the Great and attracted people over The CDNST is the common Divide provide a glimpse into centuries to climb the thread connecting a scenic the past and picture of the mountains, fish the waters, and landscape - rich in a future relationships between reflect in the extraordinary diversity of ecosystems - to land and people and scenery. history, cultures, values, and sustainable resource communities. management. Headwater Challenges Managing water quality and Subthemes: water yield ensures a healthy and sustainable water supply Recreation Experience for agriculture and domestic The CDNST provides use to the east and west sides recreational opportunities as it of the Continental Divide. transects the U.S., crossing diverse landscapes, rich in plant and animal species, beautiful scenery, and the

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Appendix B – Proposed Interpretation

Audience: Traveling public and trail Divide had in the development Notes/Design Instructions: hikers of our country. Panels will be designed and fabricated to match the design specifications Objectives: As a result of viewing Current Condition: There are no (size) established for the panels. the exhibits, the majority of visitors interpretive panels located along the These panels will be fabricated as will: trail. The initial segment of this trail high-pressure laminate, fiberglass · learn about recreation follow a road that is used by a special embedded, porcelain enamel or other opportunities and develop use permittee to maintain a radio material with a 10-year warranty. respect and a sense of tower. The trail may be relocated to Draft text and graphics will be stewardship for the CDNST; get it off of the road. completed. Remaining work includes · leave the CDNST with a sense doing layout/design and fabrication. of appreciation for the vast Desired Conditions/Media number of mountain Recommendations: Signage Recommendations: 3 experiences and recreational Locate three 36” x 24” low profile panels total sized approximately 36” x pursuits available; interpretive panels within the first ½ 24” each · understand the significance of mile of the trail. natural events in the Panel 1: Early Day Tales of the Trail environment; List of Graphic Needs: (History of Monarch Pass and area – · understand that the CDNST is Forest Service shield, CDNST logo, prehistoric to mining era) managed by several different other logos as appropriate Panel 2: Modern Day Tales of the Federal agencies and their Photos of hikers along the trail – Trail (Hiker’s stories) missions are varied; and particularly those that story is about Panel 3: Timberline Trail (Plants and · recognize the historical Watercolor scenic background animals) significance the Continental

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Appendix B – Proposed Interpretation

Interpretive Media Information for Subthemes: Audience: Traveling public and trail the Continental Divide National hikers Scenic Trail Human and Landscape Connections The vast of array of landscapes Objectives: As a result of viewing Type: Continental Divide Sign the CDNST crosses carry the the exhibit, the majority of visitors memories of Native American will: Site: Monarch Pass, San Isabel life, Westward expansion, and · recognize where the water National Forest, Colorado the forging of a country rich in goes on either side of the natural resources – water, Divide Topic: Continental Divide – timber, wildlife, plants, and · understand the significance of Headwater Challenges minerals. the Divide in providing water to people. Theme: “Uniting Along the Great Headwater Challenges Divide” Managing water quality and Current Condition: There is The CDNST is the common water yield ensures a healthy currently the standard Continental thread connecting a scenic and sustainable water supply Divide Sign that is used for a photo landscape - rich in a for agriculture and domestic opportunity. It is poorly located in the diversity of ecosystems - to use to the east and west sides middle of the parking lot and needs to history, cultures, values, and of the Continental Divide. be more esthetically located with the communities. story of where the water goes.

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Appendix B – Proposed Interpretation

Desired Conditions/Media List of Graphic Needs: Signage Recommendations: One Recommendations: Forest Service shield panel total sized approximately 4’ x 8’ Locate a butterfly style sign (Special Map of Continental Divide Attraction Sign-USFS) straddling the The Continental Divide Continental Divide. Use large size for Notes/Design Instructions: The Level I Trailheads, and smaller size panel will fabricated as routed wood, for Level II and III Trailheads. and crème and brown for USFS.

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54 CDNST Interpretive Plan

Appendix C Wayside Exhibit Evaluation, Program Evaluation

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Appendix C – Wayside Exhibit Evaluation, Program Evaluation

This list may be of assistance in identifying the strong and weak points of installed wayside exhibits. In the blanks provided, answer questions "yes" or "no". A separate sheet should be completed for each exhibit being evaluated. WAYSIDE EXHIBIT EVALUATION CHECKLIST

Name and location of exhibit: ______

CONTENT______

1. _____ Is the topic interesting, significant and appropriate? 2. _____ Is this a logical location for this subject? 3. _____ Is the exhibit content accurate? 4. _____ Are sentences and paragraphs clear, concise and correct? 5. _____ Are the graphics effective 6. _____ |Does the panel contain the right amount of information? 7. _____ Does the exhibit accomplish the purpose stated in the exhibit plan? 8. _____ Is the exhibit consistent with the theme, goals and objectives of the interpretive plan?

EXHIBIT DESIGN______

1. _____ Is there a good balance of text and graphics? 2. _____ Are the panel colors pleasing and easy on the eyes? 3. _____ Does the arrangement of text and graphics aid comprehension? 4. _____ Is the type legible and readable? 5. _____ Are captions complete and properly placed? 6. _____ Is the panel size and shape appropriate for the subject? 7. _____ Are panel and base materials appropriate for the site?

INSTALLATIONS/MAINTENANCE______

1. _____ Was the exhibit installed so as to be unobtrusive to natural resources? 2. _____ Is there a level, hard-surfaced exhibit pad of adequate size? 73 CDNST Interpretive Plan 57

3. _____ Is the site accessible to visitors, including the mobility - impaired? 4. _____ Is the exhibit plumb, level, and solidly anchored? 6. _____ Is the exhibit clean and in good condition? 7. _____ Has the vista from the exhibit site been properly maintained?

COMMENTS: ______Adapted from the Wayside Exhibit Evaluation Checklist of Guidelines for Planning, Designing and Producing Wayside Exhibits, National Park Service, Harpers Ferry Center, Division of Wayside Exhibits. 1992.

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Program Evaluation

The following form can be used to evaluate interpretive talks and presentations. It is recommended that all staff receive a copy for the evaluation form prior to being evaluated so they will understand the expectations.

EVALUATION FORM FOR CONDUCTED PROGRAMS

Presenter Activity

Coach Date/Time

Program Topic:

Comments:

Preprogram Arrives early to check equipment and mix with group Begins on time

Introduction Welcome Description of program Announces other activities Warm up linked to theme

Rules/Regulations Safety message Regulations and rationale Theme/Message Introduce theme and work into program or activity “stops” Organization 73 CDNST Interpretive Plan 59

Transitions

Sincerity/Enthusiasm Positive and enthusiastic Effective illustration

Content/Accuracy Technically accurate Appropriate for group Addresses a “bigger idea” Relevant to attendees

Stops/Logistics Pace Positioning Group management Group involvement and interaction

Speaking Style Tone and speed Voice projection Articulate Eye contact

Conclusions Recognizable conclusion Restatement of theme Stimulates thought and future actions

General Comments

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Appendix D Sample Program Plan

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62 CDNST Interpretive Plan Introduction

The Program Planning Form is something the supervisor fills out with key management objectives and general direction on how to conduct the specific interpretive activity. The form can include a specific topic you want covered, i.e. Agency mission talking points, zebra mussel talking points, etc. The cost estimates can then be plugged into the annual project work plan. At the beginning of the season the forms are given to the interpreter who is responsible for developing these programs on the Interpretive Program Outline. Samples in Appendix E.

The Planning Form could also be filled out and given to concessionaires or partners that are conducting programs, particularly at the beginning of the season on specific topics (as above) that you want to make sure they cover throughout the season.

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PROGRAM PLANNING FORM

INTERPRETIVE SERVICE: (i.e. tour, program, roving, etc.)

MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVES: (i.e. reduce vandalism, etc.)

WHY: (Reason you are using this method)

HOW: (Is this a 10 minute talk, 1 hour program? etc.)

WHERE: (Where you want interpreters to do this.)

WHEN: (Regularly scheduled during day, once/month, etc.)

CHARACTERISTICS OF SERVICE: (Are there weather nuances because it’s outside? Need to make hike accessible, etc.)

ALTERNATIVES: (Do you cancel for rain or offer modified program in a shelter?)

REFERENCES: (Key reference books on how to do interpretation.)

AREAS OF CONCERN: GENERAL: (i.e. someone hearing impaired is attending program, etc.)

SAFETY: (i.e. review Health and Safety Code Handbook, Job Hazard Analysis, discuss hazards public may face.)

PROGRAM HISTORY: (i.e., this kind of service has been provided since the early 80s throughout the forest.)

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COST ESTIMATE: (How much does it cost to provide this program?)

PREPARER: DATE PREPARED:

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PROGRAM PLANNING FORM - SAMPLE SERVICE: Roving: Short Informal Welcome - Forest Fun

MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVES: Provide visitors information to successfully use and enjoy the forest to reduce vandalism and trash. WHY: To orient visitors at the beginning of their visit so they can make the best use of their time.

HOW: Brief 5 minute welcome

WHERE: Entry Kiosk Area

WHEN: Visit throughout the day according to visitation and bus schedules, etc.

CHARACTERISTICS OF SERVICE: Informal informational talk should be flexible to allow time for questions.

ALTERNATIVES: Move under the awning of the bookstore in inclement weather.

MATERIALS: Brochures to handout, information on audiotape tour, sample of popular books available at bookstore, etc. Forest Map and other activities to enjoy. Natural or cultural history items as appropriate

REFERENCES: The following books for ideas on presenting talks: Interpretation for the 21st Century, Sharing Nature with Children, Environmental Interpretation - A Practical Guide, Interpretation of Cultural and Natural Resources, Interpreting for Park Visitors.

CONCERNS: It is important to reach visitors EARLY in their visit. Ideally this should help them enjoy the site more fully and learn about other activities along the Passage to Adventure Corridor. Safety: Refer to the Job Hazard Analysis for Interpretive Programs and Health and Safety Code Handbook.

PROGRAM HISTORY: This program has never been done here before.

COST ESTIMATE: This is a roving type of interpretation and will require staffing throughout the season. GS-4 - $85/day x 110 days = $9,350. Vehicle: mileage/FOR = $3,000 (Cost, in this case, is not broken out on a per program basis.)

PREPARER: Smokey Bear Date: 09/02/10

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Appendix E Interpretive Program Outline

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Introduction

The Interpretive Program Outline is filled out by the interpreter and includes the details of the specific program. It can then be maintained in a District file for use by other interpreters in the future. It includes enough outline and reference materials so that another interpreter could put the program on with less research.

It is also helpful to keep track of when and where the programs are given, and how many attend the program. Additional notes concerning weather, particularly if it affects attendance are also important. This file can then be used at the end of the season to help calculate total numbers and cost per program. This can be kept in a separate card file, or attached at the end of the Plan.

Program attendance helps demonstrates which topics have greater appeal. Sometimes, by reviewing how the topic was presented, changes can be made in the program to make it better or more exciting.

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INTREPRETIVE PROGRAM OUTLINE

PROGRAM:

THEME:

OBJECTIVES: As a result of this program visitors will:

WHY:

HOW:

WHERE:

WHEN:

MATERIALS:

CONCERNS:

REFERENCES:

70 CDNST Interpretive Plan INTERPRETIVE PROGRAM OUTLINE - SAMPLE

PROGRAM: BIGHORN SHEEP Smokey Bear 09/01/10 Interpreter Date

THEME: (One simple statement) Bighorn sheep, a majestic symbol of the Rocky Mountains, historically ranged throughout the Big Horn Mountain Range and their continued existence is due to conservation efforts by federal and state agencies.

GOAL: To increase visitor awareness of how the Bighorn National Forest and Wyoming Game and Fish manage for big game populations in Wyoming.

OBJECTIVES: As a result of this program visitors will be able to: 1. Tell why sheep live in this area; 2. Differentiate between Bighorn, mountain goats and other animals; and 3. Explain management policies of the Forest Service and Wyoming G&F as it relates to Bighorn Sheep.

GENERAL PROGRAM OUTLINE, TECHNIQUES OR COMMENTS:

Introduction: Welcome to the Bighorn National Forest – multiple use mission, name of walk/talk, length of time, what we’ll be doing, special needs, etc.

Body: 1. Where to see Bighorn Sheep in this area and how to identify them. · Physical identifying characteristics compare to Mountain Goats or deer. (Look for their long underwear.) · Horns, not antlers, huge blood supply, groom horns by “brooming” · Coats bleach out from sun and snow in winter then turn to light gray in summer – hairs are hollow trapping air to protect them from extreme temperatures in winter. · How to watch them when you see them. · Approximate number and general locations of herds in area. · Why they are attracted to certain locations (salt licks, lambing areas…) · Skull is honeycombed in structure to absorb impact of smashing heads together.

2. What we know about mating habits and care of young. · Rams compete by dueling (charging and clashing heads together) 73 CDNST Interpretive Plan 71

· Dueling begins in late November and continues through January. · Young are born in early May on rocky ledges, usually stay here for 2-4 weeks with mother. · Herd (mails and females) remain separate throughout most of the year, mature males often stay in groups in the high country during the summer.

3. How humans impact bighorn sheep and what the future holds for these animals. · Encroachment by people raises stress level in animals, more become susceptible to lungworm, pneumonia and death. Also can lower birth rate among populations. · Stalking of sheep can raise stress levels. · Introduction of domestic sheep brought new diseases that decimated some herds. · Wyoming Game and Fish management policies include a vaccination program to protect the sheep against lungworm. · Hunting policies of sheep in this region.

Conclusion and Review: REITERATE 1. Where to see Bighorn sheep in this area and how to identify them. The best times to see bighorn sheep during your visit are “office hours” usually 9-4 during mid-day, not early morning or dusk (with exceptions to rams on the tundra at dawn).

2. What we know about mating habits and care of young. There are still many things we do not know about these animals.

3. How humans impact bighorn sheep and what the future hold for these animals.

As a majestic symbol of the Rockies and all that is wild, we must serve as stewards of the resources these animals require for survival into the next century.

End with quote and invite them to stay around if further questions.

MATERIALS: Use bighorn skulls and skins to illustrate points about bighorns.

REFERENCES: A Sierra Club Naturalist’s Guide by Audrey DeLella Benedict

DATE/LOCATION PROGRAM GIVEN: 5/30/10 – Pactola Visitor Center – 200 people, 6/5/10 - Moon Walk - 150 people, Grizzly Campground - 8/4/10 - 25 people (rained)

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