PREAMBLE with Reference to MINISTRY of ENVIRONMENT

Home , Bagepalli, Bangarapet, Bashettihalli, Chikkaballapur, Chikkaballapura district, Gudibande

PREAMBLE

With reference to MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE NOTIFICATION, NEW DELHI. GOVT OF INDIA Vide Gazette Notification of 15th January and 20th January-2016, the “District Level Environment Impact Assessment Authority” (DEIAA) and “District Level Expert Appraisal Committee” (DEAC) are to be constituted under the Chairmanship of Deputy Commissioner at a district level for stream lining the process of environmental clearance for mining of minor minerals. The DEAC will scrutinize and recommend the prior environmental clearance of mining of minor minerals on the basis of District Survey Report to the DEIAA. This will a model and guiding document which is a compendium of available mineral resources, geographical set up, environmental and ecological set up of the district and replenishment of minerals and is based on data of various departments, published reports, journals and websites. The Ministry of Environment, Forests & Climate Change (MoEFCC), Government of India, made Environmental Clearance (EC) for mining of minerals mandatory through its Notification of 27th January, 1994 under the provisions of Environment Protection Act, 1986.Keeping in view the experience gained in environmental clearance process over a period of one decade, the MoEFCC came out with Environmental Impact Notification, SO 1533 (E), dated 14th September 2006. It has been made mandatory to obtain environmental clearance for different kinds of development projects as listed in Schedule-1 of the Notification. Further, In pursuance to the order of Hon’ble Supreme Court dated the 27th February, 2012 in I.A. No.12- 13 of 2011 in Special Leave Petition (SLP) (C) No.19628-19629 of 2009, in the matter of Deepak Kumar etc. Vs. State of Haryana and Others etc., prior environmental clearance has now become mandatory for mining of minor minerals irrespective of the area of mining lease; And also in view of the Hon’ble National Green Tribunal, order dated the 13th January, 2015 in the matter regarding sand mining has directed for making a policy on environmental clearance for mining leases in cluster for minor minerals. The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change in consultation with State governments has prepared Guidelines on Sustainable Sand Mining detailing the provisions on environmental clearance for cluster, creation of District Environment Impact Assessment Authority and proper monitoring of minor mineral mining using information technology and information technology enabled services to track the mined out material from source to destination. The DEAC will appraise, scrutinize and recommend the prior environmental clearance of mining of minor minerals to the DEIAA on the basis of District Survey Report. This will a model and guiding document which is a compendium of available mineral resources, geographical set up, environmental and ecological set up of the district and replenishment of minerals and is based on data of various departments, published reports, journals and websites. The District Survey Report (DSR) will form the basis for application for environmental clearance, preparation of reports and appraisal of projects.

The Report will be updated once every five years. The main objective of the preparation of District Survey Report (as per the Sustainable Sand Mining Guideline) is to ensure the following – 1. Introduction 2. General Profile/ Physiography of Chikkaballapur District 3. Over view of mining/Quarrying activities in Chikkaballapur District. 4. Mining/Quarry Leases in the District. 5. Details of Royalty/Revenue received in last three years. 6. Production of Sand, M-Sand and Major/Minor Minerals in last three years. 7. Rivers /streams details in the district. 8. Land Utilization – Forest, Agriculture, Horticulture, Mining/Quarrying ,etc., 9. Geology and Mineral Wealth. 1. INTRODUCTION

Minerals and ores are wasting assets. Their conservation through rational mine planning, prudent exploitation and judicious utilization is therefore, obligatory on the part of both the individuals responsible for, and institutions charged with, the exploitation of minerals / ores from the mother earth. Mineral resources get progressively exhausted as they are mined and removed greatest care is, therefore, required in planning for a wise utilization of mineral resources which are non-renewable.

Identification of areas of aggradations or deposition where mining can be allowed; and identification of areas of erosion and proximity to infrastructural structures and installations where mining should be prohibited and calculation of annual rate of replenishment and allowing time for replenishment after mining in that area.

2. GENERAL PROFILE/ PHYSIOGRAPHY OF CHIKKABALLAPUR DISTRICT a) CHIKKABALLAPUR DISTRICT AT A GALANCE Chikkaballapur district is a newly created district in the state of Karnataka,(during 2007) India. It is surrounded by five hills and it is located at a distance of 55 km from the state capital Bengaluru. It was carved out of the existing Kolar district by moving the Taluks of Gowribidanur, Gudibande, Bagepalli, Chikkaballapur, Sidlaghatta and Chintamani into the new district. In the language of the state, Kannada, it is called Chikkaballapur. Chikka means small in Kannada. In the regional language, Kannada, the city is pronounced Chikkaballapur. "Chikka" in Kannada means "small", while "balla" means the measure to quantify food grains, and "pura" means "town". Thus, it’s a place where people used to use small measures to quantify the food grains in ancient times. The place has always been known as an agricultural centre for the region. Chikkaballapur is the District Headquarters of the newly created (2007 August) District of Chikkaballapur in the state of Karnataka, India. Sometimes, Chikkaballapur is spelled Chikkaballapur. The nearest airport is at Bangalore.

MAP-1: MAP OF CHIKKABALLAPUR DISTRICT

CHIKKABALLAPUR: Chikkaballapur is the district headquarters of the newly created Chikkaballapur district in the state of Karnataka, India. Located within 3 km of Muddenahalli (the birth place of eminent engineer and states man Sir Mokshagundam Visvesvarayya). It is a regional transport and educational hub, and is a major site for grape, grain, and silk cultivation. With recent development, it is widely believed that Chikkaballapur will become part of "Greater Bangalore". GOWRIBIDANUR: The name Gowribidanur could have originated from the terms- Ghori [Grave] and Bidanur [a common name for towns in the old Mysore state]. It has been said that Tipu Sultan had some of his soldiers buried here. To this day a mosque built by him stands with some old graves. The old school, Acharya high school churned out many talented people from all walks of life. Homi Bhabha and Mahatma Gandhi visited this school way back in its infancy and was labelled a model school in the country. Dr H Narasimhaiah is one of the famous sons, who was born in Hossur village of this taluk. Born into a poor family he struggled in his early years and rose to become the Vice-Chancellor of Bangalore University. It is only because of his efforts and commitments about his hometown that led the people towards education. "The Infosys Science Center" which is in Hossur village, is just like a miny Vishweshwaraiah technological museum and students all over the district used to visit Hossur. The science center is present in the National High School campus of Hossur. Hossur is the first village in Karnataka which was improved in its infrastructure and other basic needs by "Swasthigrama Yojane". GUDIBANDE: Gudibande is a town Panchayat in Chikkaballapur district in the Indian state of Karnataka. As of 2001 India census, Gudibande had a population of 8794. Gudibande has an average literacy rate of 62%, higher than the national average of 59.5%. Adhegarahalli is a nearby village to 3

Gudibande where Nandi hills are located. Peresandra is known for Chukkuli. It has a small river and a big hill called Nagavalli Betta which has caves and a temple at the top of the hill.

BAGEPALLI : Bagepalli is situated 100 km north of Bangalore on the Bangalore-Hyderabad National Highway. The region is just below the southern border of the Rayalaseema in Andhra Pradesh, South India. It is semi-arid and drought prone with 560 mm of erratic and spatial rainfall.

CHINTAMANI : It is located at a distance of 75 km north east of Bangalore and 40km east of Chikkaballapur city. Well known as a "Business Town", the name Chintamani is supposed to have been given by a Maratha warrior who had camped in the region. The town may have been named after a local king "Chintamani Rao". The economy is agriculture based. Chintamani is famous for its succulent Tomatoes, Groundnuts, Mangoes, Silk Production and Bananas and also snacks, some drinks like nannari. The Chintamani Tomato Market is one of the biggest in Karnataka .

SIDLAGHATTA: It is famous for raw silk, most of people's income line Sidlaghatta is depends on silk linked small scale industries. There are 243 inhabited villages with one town. Sidlaghatta town is the Taluk Headquarters. The place is having many small scale industries producing high quality raw and twisted silk and exports across the county like Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat Etc.,. There are many visiting places around the town like Kaiwara, Thalakayala Betta near Dibburahalli, Anantha padbanaba temple.. It is also famous for its silk industry and dairy milk farms. MAP-2: TALUK BOUNDARY MAP OF CHIKKABALLAPUR DISTRICT

b) LOCATION AND ACCESSIBILITY

The town of Chikkaballapur is approximately 56 km north of Bangalore (formerly Bangalore), the silicon plateau of India. The north-south National Highway NH-7 goes through the town. Chikkaballapur District is situated between 77°40'-77°45' eastern longitude and 13°20'– 13°30'Northern latitude with an MSL 4813 and 3050 feet respectively in south to western portion of Chikkaballapur district.

c). HISTORY; The ruler of Avathi Mallabiregowda's son Marigowda was hunting one day at Kodimanchanahalli forest. A rabbit was standing in front of the dogs without fear. Seeing this, ruler was very happy and told his son that is due to the boldness of the people of this place. As such the ruler took permission from king of Vijaynagar and built a fort and formed a town. This in future becomes Chikkaballapur. During the ruling of Baichegowda king of Mysore attacked the fort but had to withdraw due to the interference of Marathas. Sri Dodda Byregowda who came to power after baichegowda acquired the land, which was taken by Mysore king.

In 1762 during the ruling of Chikkappanayaka, Hyder Ali captured the town for a period of 3 months. Then Chikkappanayaka agreed to pay 5-lakhs pagodas, and then the army was taken back. After this, Chikkappa Nayaka with the help of Murariraya of Guthy tried to get back his powers. He was hiding at Nandi hills along with Chikkappa Nayaka. Immediately Hyder Ali acquired Chikkaballapur and other places and arrested Chikkappa Nayaka. Then with interfere of Lord Corn Wallis, Chikkaballapur was handed over to Narayanagowda. After knowing this, Tippu Sultan again acquired Chikkaballapur. In 1791 British occupied Nandi & left Narayanagowda to rule the town. Due to this fight between Britishers and Tippu Sultan again started. Narayanagowda lost his administration. Later on British defeated Tippu. Chikkaballapur also came under the administration of Wodeyars of Mysore, which is now a part of Karnataka. The north-south National Highway NH-7 goes through the town. Well connected by roads 5 d). LANGUAGE: The prominent language spoken is Kannada. Other languages like Marathi, Urdu, Telugu, and Gujarati and many more are also spoken by small portion of population. e). DEMOGRAPHY

Chikkaballapur district occupies an area of 4254 Sq. Kms which comprises 6 Taluka’s i.e., Bagepalli, Chikkaballapur, Chintamani, Gudibande, Gowribidanur and Sidlaghatta, Chikkaballapur 26 hoblies and 151 Gram Panchayat. There are totally 1321 villages out of which 193 villages are uninhabited. Total population of the district according to 2011 census was 1255104. And the projected population for the year 2020 is 1366463 and the projected population for the year 2021 is. 1379908. f). CLIMATE AND RAINFALL :

The average annual temperature is 23.9 °C in Chikkaballapur; April is the warmest month of the year. The temperature in April averages 27.7 °C. At 20.3 °C on average, December is the coldest month of the year. January and February forms the dry season with clear and bright weather .March and May constitutes hot season and June to October forms the wet season where as November and December forms the cold season. The average rainfall at Chikkaballapur district is 511 mm in 2016 year and distributed actual average rainfall days is 34 days. Normal annual rainfall ranges from around 719mm at Gowribidanur Taluk. A few showers associated with thunderstorms are common during the months of May. There are 35 rainguage stations in Chikkaballapur district.

TALUK WISE & DISTRICT AVERAGE RAINFALL DURING THE YEAR 2016

800

700

600 500 400 300

200 Average Average rainfall MM in 100 0 BAGEPALLI CHINTHAMANI CHIKKABALLAPUR GUDIBANDE GOWRIBIDANUR SIDLAGHATTA Total 193 487.6 623.3 612.2 719.4 431.5 Avg 16.1 40.6 51.9 51.0 60.0 36.0

6 g). GROUNDWATER SCENARIO The ground water occurs in semi-confined aquifer conditions with an average depth range of 700 to 800 feet and in some areas even up to 1000 feet. Since all agricultural activities are, depend on bore wells drilled, both south west pre monsoon and post monsoon ground water level depletion is being noticed for longer period observations. Within this District 51 observation bore wells drilled by our department long back. Available 05 years (2012-2016) water level fluctuation is considered for estimation. Average maximum water level is 61.60mt and minimum average water level is 17.56mt Average thickness of soil cap is 1.50mt. As observed and by local enquiry average yield of bore well is 1.50 lps. Total district average static water level is 34.68 meters (without pumping).

TABLE-1 AVERAGE GROUND WATER LEVEL OF CHIKKABALLAPUR DISTRICT (TALUK WISE) DURING THE YEAR 2012-2016 SL. 2012-2016 TALUK 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 NO Taluk wise Average 1 BAGEPALLI 10.56 20.8 39.35 76.47 56.15 40.666 2 CHINTHAMANI 23.52 25.97 27.74 29.155 24.54 26.185 3 CHIKKABALLAPUR 45.2 73.85 62.92 62.165 63.85 61.597 4 GUDIBANDE 9.9 20.05 22.23 19.98 15.64 17.56 5 GOWRIBIDANUR 22.4 23.37 44.45 28.23 23.52 28.394 6 SIDLAGHATTA 28.2 21.82 26.82 41.775 49.82 33.687 TOTAL 23.3 30.97 37.25 42.9625 38.92 34.6805

MAP- 3 WATER LEVEL MAP OF CHIKKABALLAPUR DISTRICT

7 h). QUALITY OF GROUND WATER:-

Quality of ground water plays an important role in Irrigation and domestic purpose. It depends on the formation in which the ground water is encountered. The quality of ground water is most important not only for domestic consumption but also for flora and fauna of the Universe for different usages. The Chemical Quality analysis of the water samples reveals that the nature of the water is weather acidic or alkaline by analysis of pH i.e.,(Hydrogen Ion Concentration). If pH is less than 6.5 is categorized as acidic water and > 8.5 is categorized, as alkaline water. pH between (6.5 to 8.5) is preferable and suggestible as per W.H.O. Standard. Beyond this limits water pH may affect the mucuses membrane and water supply system scale formation.

Like wise there are other parameters which affect human health and also affects flora and fauna of the universe among these very important parameters are Fluoride, Nitrate and Total

Hardness..More than 25% of Groundwater in Chikkaballapur District is having higher concentration of

Fluoride (216 villages). As noticed almost 90% of Bagepalli Taluk, 70-80% of Gudibande Taluk, 50-

60 % of Chintamani Taluk, 30% of Northern part of Sidlaghatta Taluk and 20% of Northern part of

Gowribidanur Taluk are having higher concentration of fluoride that is > 1.5 mg/l which comes in non permissible limits (>1.5 mg/l ). and Nitrates (162 villages) which leads to Total Hardness which is unfit for human consumption by causing so many diseases.

Water samples collected frpm 51 observation wells of Chikkaballapur district were analysed The maximum value of 3.12mg/L Fluoride found in thattagaripalli village of Bagepalli Taluk.

The maximum value of 221.6mg/L Nitrate found in Hosur village of Gowribidanur Taluk. Out of 51 sample 01 sample of shidlaghatta town of shidlaghatta taluk contains 0.58mg/L, total iron which is beyond the permissible limit of drinking water specification. The maximum value of 936mg/L Total hardness found in Hossur village of Gowribidanur Taluk.

3. OVER VIEW OF MINING/QUARRYING ACTIVITIES IN CHIKKABALLAPUR DISTRICT. TABLE-2.LIST OF GRANITE LEASES SANCTIONED AT HEAD OFFICE UNDER RULE- 11 OF KMMCR

Sl Ql. NAME OF THE LESSEE DATE OF VILLAGE & MINERAL EXTENT TALUK No No EXECUTION SY.NO PERIOD Acre Gunta 1 834 Sri Venkategowda, No.22, 26-04-2010 Pokamakalapalli Grey 6 - BAGEAPAL 4th cross, 7th main road, 10 YEARS 81 Granite LI Sriramapur, Blore-21 2 839 Sri Nanjegowda S/o Grey 4 - BAGEAPALLI Nagaraj, No.06, 2nd Main 22-06-2010 Honnampalli Granite Road, Sharada Milk 10 YEARS 31 Dairy, Gorganul Palya, Bangalore - 22 3 840 Sri Srinivas s/o Ramappa, Grey 2 - BAGEAPALLI No 2, Kodige enclace, 22-06-2010 Honnampalli Granite Kodigehalli, 10 YEARS 31 Vidyaranyapura, Bangalore 4 867 Deepa Srinivas, No 10, Grey 5 - BAGEAPALLI 3rd Main Road, 03-02-2012 Mittemari Granite Rammaiah Layout, 10 YEARS 227&232 Sheshadripuram Bangalore - 20 5 880 Vinay, No 30, 1st Main Grey 3 - BAGEAPALLI Road, 2nd Cross, 05-01-2013 Devikunte Granite Nagarabhavi Cross, 10 YEARS 64 Bangalore 6 955 Sri N Saleem 2 - BAGEAPALLI No-21, 1st Floor, 7th A 18-06-2015 Thimampalli Cross, Kanakanagar, R T 10 Years 24 Pink Nagar Post,Bangalore -32 Granite 7 956 H Babu S/O Grey 2 - BAGEAPALLI Venkataramappa No.63, 18.06.2015 Devikunte Granite Honampalli Village 10 years 64 Bagepalli Taluk Chikaballapura Dist 8 957 SRI B V MANJUNATH Grey 3 - BAGEAPALLI S/O Venkateshappa, No 18-06-2015 Pichalavarapalli Granite 185, Kondavarapalli 10 YEARS 30 Bagepalli Taluk 9 960 SRI Venkateshappa S/o Grey 3 - BAGEAPALLI Narayanappa Granite Kondamavaripalli 31-07-2015 Pichalavarapalli Mallasandra Post Kasaba 10 YEARS 30 Hobli Bagepalli Taluk Chikaballapura Dist. 10 876 M Jagannath, No 44/20, Pink 9 14 Chikkaballap 4th Maini Raod, B D A 10-12-2012 Darbur Granite ur Layout, Ganganagar, 10 YEARS 43 Bangalore 11 886 B V Srinivasmurthy No 2 - Chikkaballap 06-02-2013 Darbur Pink 887/1, Behind T B, B B ur 10 YEARS 43 Granite Road, Chikaballapura 12 916 SRI C GOVINDARAJU, Grey 6 20 Chikkaballap S/o Vidyanagar Cross ur Madurenahalli Granite Betta halsur Post, 128 Bangalore North Taluk 31.12.2014 Bangalore - 562157 10 YEARS 13 389 A P Krishnappa 4.11.2000 Akkimangala Grey 6 - Chintamani 20 Years 168 Granite

14 828 M/s Archean Granites Pvt. Grey 2 - Chintamani Ltd., 2nd stage, Goutham 16-11-2009 Surappanahaly Granite nagar, Rabarsan Pete, 10 Years 31 K.G.F., Kolar. 15 851 S.RavirajBhatt, No.67, Grey 8 - Chintamani Bharadwaj, 3rd Cross, 26-02-2011 Madabahalli Granite Vijayabank Colony, 10 Years 01 Aryanagar, JP Nagar, 1st Phase, Bangalore 16 852 Girija V Mirja, W/o B.G. Grey 16 - Chintamani Vijayaprakash Mirja, Granite No.35, MLA Layout, 26-02-2011 Madabahalli Dolors Colony, RMV 2nd 10 Years 01 Stage, 4th Block, Bangalore 17 662 M/s vijaya granites pvt. 5 - 29.12.1997 Grey Chintamani 3 Ltd, santhekallahalli post, Santhekallahalli 20 YEARS Granite chintamani taluk, 218

chikkaballapura district 18 657 M/s deepak trading Grey 5 - Chintamani 6 company, filter bed road, 12/7/199720 Granite ajnani extension yeass (w)Chintamani 563125 Santhekallahalli Chikaballapura 218 19 453 M/s Chennakeshava Pink 1 20 Gudibande Enterprises No.30, 9th 3.7.2001 Yellodu Granite Main Road, BTM Layout, 20 Years 80 1st phase, Bangalore 20 401 H.N.Byamma s/o Pink 1 - Gudibande Doddanarasimhappa, old 11.12.2000 Higgenahalli Granite gudibande, Gudibande 20 years 25 Taluk 21 406 B M CHANNAREDDY Pink 1 20 Gudibande No 30 2nd Main Road, 3rd 6.1.2001 Yellodu Granite Cross, M S K Nagar, New 20 Years 80 B E L Roadr, Bangalore 22 450 B M CHANNAREDDY Pink 2 - Gudibande No 30 2nd Main Road, 3rd 01.6.2001 Pallegarahalli Granite Cross, M S K Nagar, New 20 years 14 B E L Roadr, Bangalore 23 827 S.N.Krishnaswamy, Pink 2 - Gudibande No.491a, 13th Cross, 15-10-2009 Yelakarlahalli Granite J.p.nagar 1st Phase 10 Years 78 Bangalore 24 879 KADAMBARI 4 - Gudibande Vabasandra Pink ENTERPRISES No 30 02-01-2013 Anupanahalli & Granite 2nd Main Road, 3rd 10 YEARS Pallegarahalli Cross, M S K Nagar, New 4&14 B E L Roadr, Bangalore 25 882 B M CHANNAREDDY Pink 3 - Gudibande No 30 2nd Main Road, 3rd 9-01-2013 Pallegarahalli Granite Cross, M S K Nagar, New 10 YEARS 14 B E L Roadr, Bangalore

TABLE-3 : LIST OF NON-SPECIFIED MINOR MINERAL LEASES IN CHIKKABALLAPUR DISTRICT

DATE OF Sl.N EXECUTIO VILLAGE EXTENT Ql.No NAME OF THE LESSEE MINERAL TALUK o N SY.NO ACR GUNTA PERIOD E Jewel Rock Ganites, 521/2 No.389, 1st Floor, 13th 13-09-2009 Sajjupalli 1 Building Stone 20 0 Bageapalli 01 Cross, Sadashivanagar 10 YEARS 116/77 Bangalore G.Prasadreddy, Reddypalli Hosahudya/Gown Village, Sanjay Mala, 16.03.2016 2 246 apalli Building Stone 5 0 Bageapalli Kolukunte Taluk, Karnool 5 Years 59 / 65 Dist K L Avalappa S/O Late 382/2 Laxmaiah, Kammaguttahalli 14-11-2007 Yalagadahalli 3 Building Stone 2 20 Chikkaballapur 15 , Hirenagavalli Pot, 10 Years 404 Chikaballapura

M/S BHOODEVI Kanivenarayanapu 481/2 BLUEMETALS, No.389, 1st 17-06-2009 4 ra Building Stone 9 32 Chikkaballapura 02 Floor, 13th Cross, 10 YEARS 39 Sadashivanagara, Blore-86 M/S Kamakshi Stone Crushers. No 4754/2, Kanivenarayanapu 540/1 30-9-2009 5 Srinivasa Nilaya, ra Building Stone 2 20 Chikkaballapura 32 10years S.L.V.T.C.H Road 39 Bangarapet Sri.H.C.Chikkagarigareddy 592/1 S/O Venkatanarayanappa, 12-5-2010 Gollahalli 6 Building Stone 3 0 Chikkaballapura 10 Haristala, 10years 116 Chikkapyayalagurki, Cbpura

Sri M Manohar, No.1655, Yalagadahalli/Nan 595/2 3rd Cross, Kamakshamma 09.06.2010 7 danagenahalli Building Stone 4 0 Chikkaballapura 20 Layout, Munikrishnappa 10 Years 404/94 ilding, Yalahanka Bangalore

Venkateshwara Stone 607/1 Crushers No 424, Ngef 13-9-2010 Yalagadahalli 8 Building Stone 2 0 Chikkaballapura 83 Layout Kasturi Nagara 10 Years 404 Bangalore M/S Nandi Industries, No Kanivenarayanapu 613/1 26-9-2010 9 1278, Coration Raod, ra Building Stone 9 0 Chikkaballapura 33 10 Years Bangarapet Kolar 39 Shakun Agrigrates, Abhai 617/1 5-10-2010 Arur 10 Hiran, No.716, 22nd Cross, Building Stone 4 0 Chikkaballapura 74 10 Years 201 K.R.Road, Bangalore - 70 Sri Narasimhappa, S/O 620/2 Doddanjinappa, Channahalli 11.10.2010 Golladoddi 11 Building Stone 2 24 Chikkaballapura 27 Village, Chikkajala Post, 10 Years 40 Banglaore M/S Sai Enterprises, Kanivenarayanapu 639/1 No.152/F, Bhavani Nivas, 10-11-2010 12 ra Building Stone 5 0 Chikkaballapura 90 4th Main Road, Near Isro 10 Years 39 Layout, Bikasipura, Blore-61 M/S K N R Construction Pvt 646/1 5-12-2010 Arur 13 Ltd, Venugopala Reddy, Building Stone 4 0 Chikkaballapura 72 10 Years 201 Aruru, Cbpura M/S. G.B.I.Minerals, Kanivenarayanapu 658/1 12-12-2010 14 No.179,Hunasemaranahalli, ra Building Stone 3 0 Chikkaballapura 68 10 Years Blore North 39

M/S Ganapathi Minerals, Kanivenarayanapu 659/1 No.999, Old Railway 12-12-2010 15 ra Building Stone 3 0 Chikkaballapura 69 Colony, Kabir Ashram Opp., 10 Years 39 Vidyaranyapura, Blore-97 Venugopalswamy Crusher, Kanivenarayanapu 755/1 # 100/12, A Cross, Nagappa 27-4-2011 16 ra Building Stone 3 0 Chikkaballapura 67 Street, Palace Guttahalli, 10 Years 39 Blore-03 M/S Vinayaka Enterprises, 794/1 Yelagalahalli Village , 29-5-2011 Nandanagenahalli 17 Building Stone 3 20 Chikkaballapura 70 Peresandra Post, Mandikal 10 Years 94 Hobli, Cbpura

M/S P.R.S.Stone Crushers, Nandanagenahalli 795/2 29-05-2011 18 Yalagadahalli Village /Chikkanagavalli Building Stone 2 30 Chikkaballapura 14 10 Years Peresendra Chikaballapura 94 /43

Mahesh S/O M Krishnappa, 799/2 No. 86, 10th Cross 1st Main 30-05-2011 Naduvanahalli 19 Building Stone 2 20 Chikkaballapura 19 Road, W.O.C Road, 10 Years 47 Bangalore Pradeep S/O Muniseethappa, No 95 1st 800/2 30-05-2011 Naduvanahalli 20 Main Road, 2nd Stage, Building Stone 3 0 Chikkaballapura 18 10 Years 47 West Of Chord Road, Bangalore M/S Naren Rocks, Pvt Ltd., 803/2 No.24, Old No 56 B/34, 1st 02.06.2011 N.Hosur 21 Building Stone 9 0 Chikkaballapura 22 Main Road, Vayalikaval, 10 Years 11 Bangalore

M/S Vishwas Enterprises, 26-9-2007 Chikkanagavalli 22 835 No.80/85, 3rd Main Road, Building Stone 6 13 Chikkaballapura 10 YEARS 44 New Taragupete, Balore

Srinidhi Mines No.207 2nd Floor, Elegenceroyal, 2nd A 03.12.2012 Jonnalakunte 23 2/233 Building Stone 3 0 Chikkaballapura Cross, Shindhi Colony, 10 Years 11 J.C.Road, Bangalore Sri Abhay R Hiran, No.716, Kanivenarayanapu 08-06-2009 24 29 22nd Cross, ra Building Stone 4 0 Chikkaballapura 10 Years KR Road, Blore-70 39

M/S Shakun Aggregates, Sri Kanivenarayanapu Abhay R Hiran, No.716, 08-06-2009 25 30 ra Building Stone 4 0 Chikkaballapura 22nd Cross, KR Road, 10 YEARS 39 Blore-70 B & B Stones No.401-406 Samrudhi Commercial 31/23 29.01.2013 Chikkanagavalli 26 Complex, Chincholi Bandar Building Stone 12 0 Chikkaballapura 1 10 Years 43 Road Extension, Mallad West, Mumbai M.RAMASUBBAREDDY S/O Narayanareddy, 7-4-2007 Marganahalli 27 32 Building Stone 5 0 Chikkaballapura Vabasandra 1st Ward, 10 YEARS 17 Chikaballapura Sri Chikkagarigareddy S/O Venkatanarayanappa, 21-05-2009 Gollahalli 28 61 Haristhala, Building Stone 1 20 Chikkaballapura 10 Years 116 Chikkapayalagurki Post, Chikkaballapur. Sri Chikkagarigareddy S/O Venkatanarayanappa, 21-05-2009 Gollahalli 29 62 Haristhala, Building Stone 0 25 Chikkaballapura 10 Years 116 Chikkapayalagurki Post, Chikkaballapur. M/S K.N.R. Construction 01-07-10 Arur 30 86 Ltd., N.H.7, Arur, Building Stone 10 0 Chikkaballapura 10 Years 201 Chikkaballapur. Sri H V Chikkagarigareddy, Haristala, 03-09-2010 Anemadugu 31 111 Building Stone 4 20 Chikkaballapura Chikkapyayalagurki Post, C 10 Years 24 B Pura M/S Kalhare Associates, Sri Santhoshi Girls High 23-09-2010 R.Chokkanahalli 32 113 Building Stone 10 0 Chikkaballapura School, Kumara Park, West, 10 Years 30 Blore Sri B Narendra Kumar S/O Byrappa Reddy, 21-04-2011 Yalagadahalli 33 148 Building Stone 2 20 Chikkaballapura Bashettihalli Village, Aruru 10 Years 404 Post, C B Pura

Sri M Ramasubbareddy S/O 17-08-2011 Kethenahalli 34 194 Narayanreddy, Ward No.01, Building Stone 3 36 Chikkaballapura 10 Years 209 Vabasandra, C Bpura

Rock Aggrigates Sy No. 27,Jonnalakunte, Mandikal 11.08.2015 Jonnalakunte 35 221 Building Stone 3 0 Chikkaballapura Hobli, Chikkaballapura 5 Years 11 Taluk.

Rock Sand Sy No. 27,Jonnalakunte, Mandikal 24.09.2015 Jonnalakunte 36 224 Building Stone 4 0 Chikkaballapura Hobli, Chikkaballapura 5 Years 11 Taluk. Rock Aggregates, Sy No. 27,Jonnalakunte, Mandikal 24.09.2015 Jonnalakunte 37 225 Building Stone 4 0 Chikkaballapura Hobli, Chikkaballapura 5 Years 11 Taluk Sri T S Ashwathappa S/O 25/22 Subbarayappa, 29-05-2014 Gonthaganahudya 38 Building Stone 2 0 Chikkaballapura 8 Teelakuntahalli, Varlakonda 10 Years 09 Post, Gudibande Taluk AFEX INFRA, Asfra Point, No.822, Ground Floor, 80ft 13.10.2015 H Kurubarahalli 39 232 Road, 8th Block, Building Stone 7 20 Chikkaballapura 10 YEARS 44 Koramangala Bangalore560095 J.P.PRAKASH, No.E.W.S 687, 2nd Cross, 4th Phase, 16.10.2015 Yalagadahalli 40 234 Building Stone 2 0 Chikkaballapura Yalahanka Upanagar, 10 Years 404 Bangalore V.Muniraju, N.M.Constructions No.18, 09.11.2015 Chikkanagavalli 41 235 Building Stone 2 20 Chikkaballapura 11th A Cross, Kanakanagar, 5 Years 43 R.T.Nagar Post, Bangalore Prathibha No.15, 4th Main Road, Escort Colony, Atturu 03.12.2015 Gollahalli 42 236 Building Stone 3 7 Chikkaballapura Yalahanka New Town 5 Years 14 Bangalore AFEX INFRA, Asfra Point, No.822, Ground Floor, 80ft 02.01.2016 H Kurubarahalli 43 237 Road, 8th Block, Building Stone 7 20 Chikkaballapura 10 YEARS 44 Koramangala Bangalore560095

P.R.S. Stone Crusher, Sy. 18.01.2016 Chikkangavalli 44 238 No.404, Yalagadahalli Building Stone 6 25 Chikkaballapura 10 Years 43 Chikaballapura

P.R.S. Stone Crusher, Sy. 18.01.2016 Chikkangavalli 45 239 No.404, Yalagadahalli Building Stone 0 38 Chikkaballapura 10 Years 43 Chikaballapura

S.K.KISHORE, S/O Late V Shantha Murthy No.970, 21.01.2016 Chikkangavalli 46 241 Building Stone 3 0 Chikkaballapura LIG 2nd Stage, Yalahanka 5 Years 43 New Town, Bangalore Madhumalathi, C/O Devareddy, Mararsanahalli 16.03.2016 Lingashettipura 47 245 Building Stone 1 30 Chikkaballapura Village, Gundlagurki Post, 5 Years 40 Chikaballapura

M.Prabhakar S/O Munishamapa, 25.05.2016 Nandanagenahalli 48 248 Building Stone 3 20 Chikkaballapura Rubbanahalli, Koira Post, 5 Years 94 Devenahalli Taluk

M/S Sasa Stones Pvt.Ltd., Sri Gorvagere Anand Kumar Vikranth, No.190, 1st Floor 08.07.2016 Chikkanagavalli 49 250 Building Stone 4 30 Chikkaballapura 49th Cross, 3rd Block, 17th 10 Years 43 Main Road, Rajajinagar, Bangalore K.Srinivas, S/O Gorlakondappa, K 21.01.2013 Chinnepalli 50 1/247 Raguttahalli Village, Building Stone 4 0 Chintamani 10 Years 12 Ambajidurge Hobli, Kotagal Post, Chintamani P.M.J.Constructions Pvt Ltd., M.Jaganath, No.17, 21.07.2016 Anekallu 51 252 M-SAND 10 0 Chintamani 38th Cross, 8th Block, 10 Years 121 Jayanagar Bangalore P.M.J.Constructions Pvt Ltd., M.Jaganath, No.17, 21.07.2016 Sujjanahalli 52 253 M-Sand 10 0 Chintamani 38th Cross, 8th Block, 10 Years 63 Jayanagar Bangalore

P.M.Granites Exports Pvt Ltd., Sri M Babanna, 21.07.2016 Narasapura 53 254 M-Sand 10 0 Chintamani No.129, 7th Main Road, 5th 10 Years 01 Block, Jayangar Bangalore J.K.R Stone Crusher, 107/2 No.29, 10th Cross, Ganesh 16-08-2015 Arasalabande 54 Building Stone 2 0 Gowribidanur 51 Block, Nandini Layout 5 Years 55 Bangalore - 96 Venus Enterprises, No.390, 108/2 3rd Cross, Vishraiahnagar, 13-08-2015 Arasalabande 55 Building Stone 1 30 Gowribidanur 55 H.M.T Layout, Ganganahalli 5 Years 55 R.T.Nagar Post, Bangalore Venkateshwara Enterprises, 640/1 22-11-2010 Uppakuntanahalli 56 Vidyanagar Cross, Building Stone 3 0 Gudibande 93 10 Years 5 Betthalsoor Post, Bangalore M.V.Krishnappa, S/O Sri Venkatarayappa, 655/2 Muddureddyhalli, 09.12.2010 Ganganahalli 57 Building Stone 3 0 Gudibande 49 Varlakonda Post, 10 Years 56 Gudibande Chikaballapura Dist M/S Durga Quarries M.B.Srinivas Swamy, 716/1 13-2-2011 Kategarahalli 58 No.10, 3rd Cross, Building Stone 4 0 Gudibande 87 10 YEARS 5 Vivekanandanagar, Ramanagar Taluk M/S Anil Metal Crushers, 751/1 24-4-2011 Varlakonda 59 Yalakarlahalli Peresandra Building Stone 0 20 Gudibande 82 10 Years 168 Chikkaballapura. S.M.Stone Crusher,, R.Gajendra Babu, No.18, 24.09.2015 Varlakonda 60 223 Building Sote 5 0 Gudibande Kodigehalli Bettahalsur 5 Years 168 Post, Bangalore T.S.Venkatereddy,Theelaku ntahalli Village, Varlakonda 06.10.2015 Varlakonda 61 229 Building Sote 1 0 Gudibande Post, Gudibande 10 Years 168 Chikaballapura Dist T.S.Ashwatahappa,Theelak untahalli Village, Varlakonda 06.10.2015 Varlakonda 62 230 Building Sote 1 10 Gudibande Post, Gudibande. 10 Years 168 Chikaballapura Dist M.S.Madhavi, W/O Manjunath Varlakonda 20.01.2016 Shinganalli 63 240 Building Stone 5 0 Gudibande Village, Gudibande Taluk, 10 Years 45 Chikaballapura T.P.Laxminararyanreddy,S/ O Papaiah, Theelakuntahalli 09.03.2016 Varlakonda 64 242 Village, Varlakonda Building Sote 1 20 Gudibande 5 Years 168 Gudibande Taluk Chikaballapura Dist T.N.Chikkavenkatareddy,S/ O Narayanappa, 09.03.2016 Varlakonda 65 243 Theelakuntahalli Village, Building Sote 0 36 Gudibande 5 Years 168 Varlakonda Gudibande Taluk Chikaballapura Dist Saraswathamma,C/O T.P.Laxminararyanreddy 09.03.2016 Varlakonda 66 244 Theelakuntahalli Village, Building Sote 1 20 Gudibande 5 Years 168 Varlakonda Gudibande Taluk Chikaballapura Dist

4. DETAILS OF ROYALTY/REVENUE RECEIVED IN LAST THREE YEARS.

Table-: DETAILS OF NON-SPECIFIED MINERALS PRODUCTION & ROYALTY (DEMAND) RECEIVED IN LAST THREE YEARS 2012-2013 2013-2014 2014-2015 Taluk S.N Productio Royalty Productio Productio o n MT (Demand) n MT Royalty n MT Royalty BUILDING STONE 1 Bagepalli 37400 4088128 22000 991438 21000 46524 2 Chikkaballapur 768213 1950187 1189620 33887441 1784191 88233467 3 Chinthamani 7500 107036 3000 89974 3000 - 4 Gowribidanur 1400 - 1700 - 23510 142106 5 Gudibande 34660- 127800 56000 150632 102100 3185502 - - - - 6 Shidlaghatta - TOTAL 80960 23824766 1272320 35119485 1933791 91607599

Table-: DETAILS OF SPECIFIED MINERALS PRODUCTION & ROYALTY (DEMAND) RECEIVED IN LAST THREE YEARS 2012-2013 2013-2014 2014-2015 Taluk S.N Production Royalty Productio Productio o m³ (Demand) n m³ Royalty n m³ Royalty Granite 1352948 1671082 1 Bagepalli 22063.734 15885751 13858.167 6 11625.545 9 1562212 3354845 2 Chikkaballapur 980.493 1251215 10273.227 1 15969.171 0 3 Chinthamani 19.056 112839 - - 28.323 2162 4 Gowribidanur ------19711803 4396635 2203907 131237.977 28363.459 5 Gudibande 3 5 9913.656 2 6 Shidlaghatta 1395.651 2105267 168.965 255455 - 64033 TOTAL 37596.870 3,90,73105 52663.818 73373417 37536.695 72364546

5. LAND UTILIZATION –FOREST, AGRICULTURE, HORTICULTURE, MINING/QUARRYING ,etc., 11% of the total area of the district is covered by forest and 68 % by cultivable land. 28 % of the area is uncultivated (08-09). Area has sown in the district forms 40% of the total area of the district. The predominant crops grown are finger millet, groundnut and pulses. Finger millet occupies about 27 % of the total cultivated area. The important irrigated crops are paddy, mulberry, sugarcane, potato and other vegetables. The important commercial fruit crops grown are mango and grapes. The area irrigated by wells constitutes 99% of the total irrigated area. Dug well irrigation practice is largely replaced by bore-well irrigation. Irrigation is being practiced both in the valley as well as in upland areas.

The district is predominantly agrarian. In the process of silk production the mulberry plays a vital role which receives several inputs during its growth including chemical fertilizers. However, unilateral usage of heavy doses of chemical fertilizers upset the availability of different plant nutrients. The district known for Silk and Milk .There are 3354 reeler families of which 30 are engaged in multiend units. Area under mulberry in district is 13358.53 hectares in 1131 villages covering 15570 families .Annually 145.55 lakh disease free silkworm laying are brushed to produce 9425 M.Tonnes of silkworm cocoons and silk of 1346 M.Tones with average yield 71 kg per 100 disease free laying and generates Rs.282 crores income for the Sericulturists.

Product Area in Hectares Ragi 46323 Maize 55869 Redgram 4989 Cowpea 1349 Pulses 5503 Groundnut 18672 Other Oil Seeds 423

MAP-4: LAND USE LANDCOVER MAP OF CHIKKABALLAPUR DISTRICT

6. PRODUCTION OF SAND, M-SAND AND MAJOR/MINOR MINERALS IN LAST THREE YEARS. Manufactured Sand (M-Sand) Sand is used as fine aggregate in mortars and concrete. Natural river sand is the most preferred choice as a fine aggregate material. River sand is a product of natural weathering of rocks over a period of millions of years . It is mined from the river beds and sand mining has disastrous environmental consequences. River sand is becoming a scarce commodity and hence exploring alternatives to it has become imminent. Rock crushed to the required grain size distribution is termed as manufactured sand (M-Sand) . In order to arrive at the required grain size distribution the coarser stone aggregates are crushed in a special rock crusher and some of the crushed material is washed to remove fines. This investigation is an attempt to evaluate the characteristics of mortars and concrete using M-Sand as fine aggregate. For the purposes of comparison Characteristics of mortar and concrete with river sand has also been explored.

River sand in many parts of the country is not graded properly and has excessive silt and organic impurities and these can be detrimental to durability of steel in concrete whereas manufactured sand has no silt or organic impurities. Manufactured sand River sand

Typical Sieve analysis: Comparison of River & Manufactured Sand

% of passing % of passing Zone II

IS Sieve (River Sand) (Manufactured Sand ) (As per IS:383)

4.75mm 100 100 90-100

2.36mm 99.7 90.7 75-100

1.18mm 89 66.2 55-90

600micron 60.9 39.8 35-59

300micron 17.7 25.5 8-30

150micron 3.1 9.9 0-20

75micron Max 3 Max 15 Max 15

Zone II Zone II

The gradation of manufactured sand can be controlled at crushing plant

Technical specification – comparison between Manufactured and River sand

Sl Property River sand Manufactured Remarks No sand 1 Shape Spherical particle Cubical particle Good 2 Gradation Cannot be controlled Can be controlled - 3 Particle passing Presence of silt shall Presence of dust Limit 3% for 75micron be less than 3% particle shall be uncrushed & limit (IS:383- less than 15% 15% for crushed sand 1970)reaffirmed 2007 4 Silt and Organic Present (Retard the Absent Limit of 5% for setting & Uncrushed & 2% impurities Compressive strength) For Crushed sand 5 Specific gravity 2.3 – 2.7 2.5 – 2.9 May vary 6 Water absorption 1.5 - 3% 2 – 4% Limit 2% 7 Ability to hold Up-to 7% Up-to 10% - surface moisture 8 Grading zone(FM) Zone II and III FM 2.2 Zone II FM 2.6 – Recommends Zone -2.8 3.0 II for Mass Concrete 9 Soundness(Sodium Relatively less Relatively Limit 10% ss sulphate-ss & sound(Ex. >5) sound(Ex. <5) and15% ms Magnesium sulphate -ms) (5 cycles) 10 Alkali Silica 0.002 -0.01 0.001- 0.008 Limit

Behaviour of Manufactured & River Sand when used in Concrete

Property River sand Sl No Manufactured sand Remedies

1 Workability & its Good & Good Less & Less retention Control of fines & apply retention retention water absorption correction, use of plasticisers 2 Setting Normal Comparatively faster Apply water absorption correction, use retarders 3 Compressive Normal Marginally higher Apply water absorption correction, use retarders strength 4 Permeability Poor Very poor - 5 Cracks Nil Tend to surface crack Early curing & protection of fresh concrete Environmental Impact

The River sand lifting from river bed, impact the environment in many ways:

 Due to digging of the sand from river bed reduces the water head, so less percolation of rain water in ground, which result in lower ground water level.  The roots of the tree may not be able to get water.  The rainwater flowing in the river contents more impurities.  Erosion of nearby land due to excess sand lifting  Disturbance due to digging for sand & lifting, Destroys the flora & fauna in surrounding areas  The connecting village roads will get badly damaged due to over- loading of trucks, hence, roads become problem to road users and also become accidents prone Diminishing of Natural Rivers or river beds, not available for future generations

7. RIVERS /STREAMS DETAILS IN THE DISTRICT. ARKAVATHI RIVER Arkavathi River or Arkavathi River is a river in India, originating at Nandi Hills of Chikkaballapur district. It is a tributary of the Kaveri River, which it joins at Kanakapura called Sangama in Kannada after flowing through Kolar District and Bangalore Rural district. Arkavathi River originates in Nandi hills of Chikkaballapur district, and Hulukudi hills of Doddaballapura Taluk. Kumudhwathi originates in Shivaganga hills of Nelamangala Taluk. The tanks are in a cascading order; there are small tanks in the upper catchment area and as it flows to down streams the area of the tanks increase. These 2 tributaries spread across 4351 Sqkm of catchment area. PENNER RIVER

The Pennar (also Pennar, Penna or Penneru) is a river of southern India. The Pennar rises on the hill of Nandi Hills in Chikkaballapur District of Karnataka state, and runs 560 km (350 miles) north and east through the state of Andhra Pradesh to empty into the Bay of Bengal. PALAR RIVER Palar river originates at Ambajidurga range Talagavara village in Chintamani taluk and first visible at Gautama - Gudda , a small hill south of Kaivara . Palar is known as “Milk river” or “Ksheera Nadhi”. The total length of the river from the place of birth to the place where it drains is 67 kms. The total basin of the palar river in this district is 348 sq.kms and attitude is 900mts . MAP 5 : RIVER BASINS MAP OF CHIKKABALLAPUR DISTRICT

Table- : Length of the River bed in Chikkaballapur District:

Sl.No. Taluk River Length Of the River (in KM’s) 1 Arkavathi 193km

2 North Pennar 597 km Chikkaballapur 3 South Pennar 500 km 4 Chinthamani Palar 348 km

Altitude at Sl. Name of the Total length in the Place of origin origin No River District in KM's (in mts) Nandidurga 1 Arkavathi 193 Km 1480 Mt (Chikkaballapur) North Pennar Nandidurga 2 597 Km 1300 Mt (Chikkaballapur) South Pennar Nandidurga 3 500 Km 1300 Mt (Chikkaballapur) Palar Talagavara 4 348 Km 900 Mt (Chinthamani)

MAP -6 TANKS AND DRAINAGE MAP OF CHIKKABALLAPUR DISTRICT

MAP- 7 WATERSHED BOUNDARY MAP OF CHIKKABALLAPUR DISTRICT

8 . GEOLOGY AND MINERAL WEALTH.

a) GEOLOGY OF THE DISTRICT

Chikkaballapur district has geologically been surveyed by the department of Mines & Geology from time to time since 1899 and the information furnished here is mostly based on the reports published in the records and bulletins of the department. The main rock types occurring in Chikkaballapur district are arranged in the following sequence; Granite, Gneisses, Dolerite dykes, Pegmatite veins, Laterites The major rock formations of are the Laterites ,Granites & Gneissic granites The eastern portion is mainly composed of laterites and gneissic granites where as the hilly terrain forming the western portion of the Taluk is composed of coarse grained granites. These formations are intruded by dolerite dykes and pegmatite veins.

Granite is a common type of felsic intrusive igneous rock that is granular and phaneritic in texture. Granites can be predominantly white, pink, or gray in colour, depending on their mineralogy. The word "granite" comes from the Latin granum, a grain, in reference to the coarse-grained structure of such a holocrystalline rock. By definition, granite is an igneous rock with at least 20% quartz and up to 65% alkali feldspar by volume. A granitic rock with a porphyritic texture is known as a granite porphyry. Granitoid is a general, descriptive field term for lighter-colored, coarse-grained igneous rocks. Petrographic examination is required for identification of specific types of Granitoids. The granites exposed in the form of bold hills extending north-south in the western portion of Chikkaballapur are coarse to medium grained with grey colour. These rocks are subjected to physical and chemical weathering give rise to sandy soil .This soil is very useful in ground water recharge. The hill near Yellodu village is famous for its “Queen Rose’’ granite rock.

Laterite: A small patch of laterite is exposed at Sidlaghatta Taluk Laterite capping is observed at 3-4 m above the surface. They act as good aquifers. MAP-8 GEOLOGY MAP OF CHIKKABALLAPUR DISTRICT

b). GEOMORPHOLOGY:-

Geomorphologically the area forms an undertaking terrain having sub dendritic type of drainage pattern. Maximum elevation at Nandi hills on the south- western portion of the district with an height of 4851 feet with an maximum inclination towards north-western portion (i.e., with the minimum contour) and also some of elevated middle portion of the district tapering edges at the periphery of north-west and eastern portion of the district. More number of irregularly scattered tanks throughout the district having concentration all along the nalas. Moderate pediment zones between the hills and the pediplain is formed around Jakkalamadagu (Veeradimmammana Kanive). Chikkaballapur district forms typical Granite and Gneissic terrain of Archean age is noticed south-western portion of the district near Nandi (highly elevated hillock) and small hill ranges on the western portion and also on the south-eastern portion of the district near (Murgamalla hill range) Chintamani Taluk. Lateritic capping is observed on the southern and southeast peripheral edge of the district. Drainages that runs on the western and north-western portion of Chikkaballapur District joins Uttara Pinakini river, Which further leads to Andhra Pradesh.

MAP-9 GEOMORPHOLOGY MAP OF CHIKKABALLAPUR DISTRICT

SOIL:- Soil is a thin layer of material on the Earth's surface in which plants have their roots. It is made up of many things, such as weathered rock and decayed plant and animal matter. Soil is formed over a long period of time. Soil Formation takes place when many things interact, such as air, water, plant life, animal life, rocks, and chemicals. Soil erosion, caused by wind and rain, can change land by wearing down mountains, creating valleys, making rivers appear and disappear. It is a slow and gradual process that takes thousands, even millions of years. But erosion may be speeded up greatly by human activities such as farming and mining. Soil develops very slowly over a long period of time but can be lost too quickly. The clearing of land for farming, residential, and commercial use can quickly destroy soil. It speeds up the process of erosion by leaving soil exposed and also prevents development of new soil by removing the plants and animals that help build humus. Today's farmers try to farm in a way that reduces the amount of erosion and soil loss. They may plant cover crops or use a no-till method of farming. Soil is an important resource that we all must protect. Without soil there is no life.

A Prolonged weathering has created a thick mantle of soil representing A, B, C horizons in many places sometimes extending to tens of meters. The soil in Chikkaballapur district occurs in land forms, ridges, pediments, plains and valleys. 24

The soil in Chikkaballapur district have been classified into different categories namely,  Red sandy soil: These kind of soil are light textured, varying from sand or gravely to loamy are highly leached. They have good infiltration characteristics. Infiltration rate is around 11 cm/hr. It is in almost all sloppy and pediplain regions. The thickness is about 0.5 to 1.5 mts. This type of soil is composed of fine to medium grained and is very fertile.

 B.C.Mixed fine sandy soil: This type of soil is common on lower slopes and all along the valleys and nalas course and tank beds. The clay and admixture is moderate at slopes and is more in valley portions. Due to intensive, agricultural activity in low relief lands, the fine red sandy soil is appears as blackish mixed fine sandy soil, which is almost grey in color the thickness of the soil type varies from 1 to 2 m from place to place.

 Clayey loam soil:- These kind of soil are dark grey usually calcareous in texture. They have moderate to poor infiltration characteristics.

 Laterite soil:- Laterite soil are seen with varying thickness over schistose and gneissic formations. They have moderate infiltration characteristics.

 Black soil:- They are dark grey, dark brown to dark reddish brown and are clayey in texture. They have moderate to poor infiltration characteristics.

MAP-10 SOIL MAP OF CHIKKABALLAPUR DISTRICT

MINERAL RESOURCES OF CHIKKABALLAPUR DISTRICT

Chikkaballapur is rich in its mineral wealth which is distributed unevenly across the district. Rich deposits of China clay, Fire clay, Red ochre , white quartz, feldspar etc. are found in the district. The details of the mineral resources are given here under:

Clay: Clay deposits found near Pallacharlu, Muddenahalli ,Shidlaghatta taluk and Golla village .Chikkaballapur Taluk is suitable to be used as raw material for porcelain industries.

Feldspar: Pegmatite occurs near Pallacharlu, Muddenahalli ,Shidlaghatta taluk .

Quartz: Quartz occurs in Kondavenapalli and Amapalli , Chinthamani Taluk and Pallachaerlu village, Shidlaghatta Taluk .

Classification of Sediment sizes

Size range Size range Aggregate class Other φ scale (metric) (inches) (Wentworth) names

< -8 > 256 mm > 10.1 in Boulder

-6 to -8 64–256 mm 2.5–10.1 in Cobble

-5 to -6 32–64 mm 1.26–2.5 in Very coarse gravel Pebble -4 to -5 16–32 mm 0.63–1.26 in Coarse gravel Pebble -3 to -4 8–16 mm 0.31–0.63 in Medium gravel Pebble -2 to -3 4–8 mm 0.157–0.31 in Fine gravel Pebble

-1 to -2 2–4 mm 0.079–0.157 in Very fine gravel Granule

0 to -1 1–2 mm 0.039–0.079 in Very coarse sand 1 to 0 0.5–1 mm 0.020–0.039 in Coarse sand 2 to 1 0.25–0.5 mm 0.010–0.020 in Medium sand

3 to 2 125–250 µm 0.0049–0.010 in Fine sand 4 to 3 62.5–125 µm 0.0025–0.0049 in Very fine sand

8 to 4 3.9–62.5 µm 0.00015–0.0025 in Silt Mud

> 8 < 3.9 µm < 0.00015 in Clay Mud >10 < 1 µm < 0.000039 in Colloid Mud SALIENT FEATURES Geographical area 4254 Sqkm

Forest area 497 Sqkm

Geographical coordinates Latitude - 13°26'N, Longitude -77°46' E

No of Taluks 06

No of Hoblies 26

No of Villages Inhabited villages-1321 Uninhabited villages-193 Gram Panchayat 151

Total population(2011) 1255104 26

Urban Population 281119 Rural Population 973985 Projected Population (2021) 1379908 Fluoride affected villages 216 Nitrate affected villages 162 Geology  Granite  Gneisses  Dolerite dykes  Pegmatite veins  Laterites Minerals  China clay  Fire clay  Red ochre  white quartz  feldspar Major river Palar and North and south pinakini

Tributaries Arkavathi- North Pennar, South Pennar & Palar

Total no of Watersheds 11

Cropping pattern Ragi, Maize, Grapes, Fruits, Mulbary, Vegetables :Potato, Tomato, etc., Irrigation source Tanks-1412 No of Borewells- 49727(as per 2015-16) Mini water supply -957(as per 2015-16)

ARS Structures 491( as per 2015-16)

Rainfall (as per 2015) 1. Average annual rainfall – 677mm 2. Rainy days -92 as per 2015

3. Actual Annual rainfall-1088mm

Temperature 15-25 degree Celsius

Industries  Large Scale Industries- Readymade Garments, Cements(no-2)  Medium Scale Enterprises- Polyster yarn dyeing., Opticals Glasses, Plain Particle Boards

M- Sand units Total -16 units

Existing ornamental stone working Total -25 leases

Existing building stones working Total -66 leases

TOURIST PLACES IN CHIKKABALLAPUR DISTRICT

NANDI HILLS `NEHRU GUEST HOUSE

 Nandi Hills, earlier known as Nandidurga, Situated 60 Kms north of Bangalore and 1478 metres above sea level.  Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru visited Nandi hills. A Guest house has been constructed in his memory, which is maintained by the department of Horticulture. Nehru Nilaya was the venue for Second SAARC summit in the year 1986.

TIPPU DROP MURUGMULLA DARGAH

 A steep deep in the south west of Nandi hill is named as Tippu drop. During Tippu’s regime Prisoners punished to death were pushed from this point.

 This town is named after its founder Chintamani Rao, a maratha chieftain. It is famous for its gold and silver trade and its agarbathi (incense) industry. One of the oldest dargahs in Karnataka, the Murugmulla Dargah of Fakhi Shah Wali about 8 Kms from Chintamani.

MUDDENHALLI VISWESHARAIAHTOMB

 Muddenhalli, birthplace of Sir M. Visweswaraya, Visionary engineer and statesman and architect of Karnataka’s progress. Visit his home, now converted into a museum. The village of Nandi, houses the Bhoga Nandeeshwara temple. It is really a confluence of two temples and one of the finest examples of Dravidian temple architecture.

JAKKALAMADAGU DAM/ SRINIVASA SAGARA KERE

Famous Dam created by Sri Visvesvarayya from nearby Kanivenarayanapura-Muddenahalli. It is the main source of Drinking water for Chikkaballapur and Doddaballapur. Real estate is increasing in this area with the construction of IIT Muddenahalli, Sri VS University, and Sathya Sai University and School of

Medicine .

BHOGANANDEESHWARA TEMPLE KALYANI

Boganandiswara temple in Nandi village constructed around 806 A.D. by Rathnavalli of Bana Dynasty is in Drawidan style. Temple is known for its anciental Architecture. Sri. Arunachaleswara temple, nearby Boganandiswara temple built out soap stone, is another example where one can find fine Ganga, Chola, Hoysala style of architecture.

Shringi Theertha is the temple pond (Kalyani). This pond (Kalyani) has rock cut steps going down to it on all four sides, on which 100,000 lamps are lit thrice a year on main festival days like Deepavali. It is enclosed on all four sides by a pathway and a running mandapa.

PAPAGNI MATTA -CHIKBALLAPUR YOGANANDISHWARA TEMPLE CHIKBALLAPUR

 One of the ancient and oldest mutt of karnataka “Papagni mutt” is located at skandagiri hills. This mutt is considered to be one of the rare in its kind as it is believed that devotees sitting inside the temple premises, can feel the devotial vibrations.  Yoganandishwara temple on Nandhi Hill was constructed in Drawidan & Chola style of Architecture. The Idols of Dwarapalakas are said to be donated by Sri.Krishnadevaraya. An inscription at the outer wall of the temple narrates that Sambaji S/o. Chatrapathi Shivaji captured the hill from the Mughal Rulers. Veerabhadra temple constructed by Devaraya around 1397 A.D. is another worth seeing historical sight.

KAIVARA

Principal Laws and Rules enforced to control the mining/quarrying in the district:

a) Central Enactments and Rules:- i) Mines Act, 1952 and Mines Rules, 1955; ii) Mines and Minerals (Regulation & Development) Act, 1957 and Mineral Concession Rules, 1960; iii) Mineral Conservation and Development Rules, 1988; b) Rules made by the State Government: - i) Karnataka Minor Mineral Concession Rules, 1994; ii) Granite Conservation and Development Rules, 1999; iii) The Karnataka (Prevention of Illegal Mining, Storage and Transportation of Minerals) Rules,2011.

Statement showing the Mineral wise working and idle QL Blocks details of for the year 2014- 2015 Chikkaballapur District (01-04-2014 to 31-04-2015)

Sl.no Mineral Working Quarry leases Idle Quarry Leases Total

1 Grey Granite 6 3 9

2 Pink Granite 6 1 7

3 Green Granite 0 2 2

4 Building Stone 106 107 213

Total 118 113 231

Abstract showing the Taluk wise details of Demand Collection and Balance of existing leases for the year 2014-2015 Chikaballapura District (01-04-2014 to 31-04-2015)

Opening Balance Current year Demand Collection Balance S l Taluk Total N o Dead Penal Cre Arrears Interest Royalty Interest Penalty Arrears Interest Arrears Interest Penalty rent ty dit

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

- 1 Bagepalli 4779635 663267 1020223 17535751 668919 90000 24757795 16757353 52000 7065260 1332186 38000 4870 04

Chikkaballapur 16600 - 2 40803018 4048781 4123941 141432320 5558213 348000 196314273 121781917 2999714 80147781 6607281 182000 1557 a 0 0420

3 Chintamani 1494448 104227 1074247 180000 203369 40000 3096291 2162 57816 10000 2746533 249780 30000 0

4 Gowribidanuru 773007 150587 59590 1410000 110605 18000 2521789 142106 35874 2000 2100491 225318 16000 0

- 5 Gudibande 6149190 960621 460322 26884672 863528 80000 35398333 25224574 516921 46000 9490010 1307228 34000 1220 400 - 6 Shidlagatta 148044 50292 18557 20000 236893 64033 10000 175476 18557 10000 4117 3

28600 - Total 54147342 5927483 6788615 187442743 7423191 596000 262325374 163972145 3610325 101725551 9740350 310000 1731 0 8997

TALUK WISE DETAILS OF SURFACE RENT, CESS, AND INTEREST FOR QUARRYING LEASES DURING THE YEAR 2014-15 CURRENT BLOCKS (A)

DEMAND OF THE YEAR OPENING INTEREST TOTAL COLLECTION BALANCE SL.NO. TALUK BALANCE (Rs) (Rs) (Rs) (Rs) (Rs) SURFACE CESS INTEREST (Rs) (Rs) (Rs)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1 BAGEPALLI 264 65 99 28 49 505 15 490

2 CHIKKABALLAPUR 1265 301 604 195 218 2583 928 1655

3 CHINTAMANI 75 15 37 11 15 153 22 131

4 GOWRIBIDANUR 53 13 10 5 10 91 20 71

5 GUDIBANDE 319 74 89 26 47 555 188 367

6 SHIDLAGATTA - - 6 2 8 8 -

TOTAL 1976 468 845 267 339 3895 1181 2714

TALUK WISE DETAILS OF SURFACE RENT, CESS, AND INTEREST FOR QUARRYING LEASES DURING THE YEAR 2014-15 EXPIRED BLOCKS (B)

DEMAND OF THE YEAR OPENING INTEREST TOTAL COLLECTION BALANCE SL.NO. TALUK BALANCE (Rs) SURFACE CESS INTEREST (Rs) (Rs) (Rs) (Rs) (Rs) (Rs) (Rs)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1 BAGEPALLI 48 45 9 102 102

2 CHIKKABALLAPUR 1203 1009 215 2427 2427

3 CHINTAMANI 56 43 10 109 109

4 GOWRIBIDANUR 48 50 8 106 106

5 GUDIBANDE 149 182 25 356 356

6 SHIDLAGATTA 8 7 2 17 17

TOTAL 1512 1336 269 3117 3117

A+B=TOTAL 3488 1804 845 267 608 7012 1181 5831

EXISTING M-SAND UNITS IN THE STATE AND PRODUCTION DETAILS (UPTO THE END OF JULY - 2016)

Projecte Raw d Material Raw Present Source of Raw Material Location of the Quarry Village and Sy.NO and Extent Producti required Plant Annual Material Name of the Capacit on at for Sl.N Location of the Unit Taluk/ Capacit Productio required Person/Firm/Company with y the end Projected o Village and Sy.NO y (in n for present address and Phone Number (in of 5 Production TPH) (in MT) capacity TPH) Own Others Years ( ( (in MT) Own Quarry Others Quarry Quarry Quarry Approx.. Approx..in in MT's) MT's) QLNo-745,746,747 Sy.No- M/S Vishwas 43, Chikkanagavalli , 5.00, Constructions Industries Chikkaballapur Own 7.20 and 5.00 Acres 200 200 36000 1 Pvt.Ltd, Sy.45 & 46 (9.21 Chikkanagavalli, 72000 82800 Quarr - QLNo-748,749,750, 769 , - 414000 TPH TPH 0 Acres), chikkanagavalli 45 and 46 y Sy.No-11, Janalakunte , Village, Chikkaballapur 5.00, 5.00, 6.00 and 6.00 Acres,Chikkaballapur Taluk M/S Srinidhi Mines, QLNo-02, 701, 702 and 703 Chikkaballapur Own Sy.no-464(1.39 Acres) 200 27000 200 Sy.No-11, Janalakunte, 13500 155250 2 Yalagalahalli, 310500 Quarr - - Yalagalahalli Village, TPH 0 TPH 3.00, 3.20, 5.00 and 6.00 00 0 464/1 y Chikkaballapur Taluk Acres,Chikkaballapur Taluk M/S Mines and Rocks QLNo-119, 117, 118, 757, India Pvt.Ltd, Sy.No-0 Chikkaballapur Own Sy.No-39, (5.33 Acres), 350 43200 350 21600 248400 3 Kanivenarayanpura, 496800 Quarr - Kanivenarayanpura , 10.00, - Kanivenarayanapur TPH 0 TPH 00 0 464/1 y 6.20, 13.00 and 9.20 Acres, Village, Nandi Hobli, Chikkaballapur Taluk Chikkaballapur dist Sri Manjunatha QLNo- 70 and 71, Enterprises,Sy. No. 465, Chikkaballapur Sy.No-43, Yalagalahalli Village, 200 200 Others 37500 4 Yalagalahalli, 75000 86250 - - Chikkanagavalli , 2.00 431250 Peresandra Post, TPH TPH Quarry 0 465 and 2.00 Acres, Mandikal Hobli, Chikkaballapur Taluk Chikkaballapur Taluk

QLNo-795/214, 238 and M/s P.R.S Stone Chikkaballapur Own 239 Sy.No-43, Crushers, Yalagalahalli 350 90000 350 103500 45000 517500 5 Yalagalahalli, Quarr - Chikkanagavalli ,2.30, 6.25 - Village, Mandikal Hobli, TPH 0 TPH 0 00 0 450/2 y and 0.38 Acres Chikkaballapura Chikkaballapur Taluk

Shiva Stone Crusher (Formerly Jai Hanuman QLNo-596, Sy.No-94/404, Chikkaballapur Own Stone Crusher)Sy.No. 100 12000 100 Nandanagenahalli/yalagala 60000 6 Nandanagenahalli, 138000 Quarr - - 690000 404, Yelagalahalli TPH 0 TPH halli, 7.00 Acres 0 119/2 y Village, Chikkaballapur Chikkaballapur Taluk Tq & Dist.

Shree B.N.Srinivas M/s Panchami Stone QLNo-98,199 Sy.No- Crusher Sy. No. 15/2, Chikkaballapur 39 600 14400 600 Others 72000 7 Kanivenarayanapura Kanivenarayanpura, 165600 - - Kanivenarayanapura, 828000 TPH 0 TPH Quarry 0 Village,Nandi Hobli, 15/2 1.10 and 3.30 Acres Chikkaballapura Tq & chikkaballapur Taluk Dist,

Shree. G.S. Nagaraj, Partner Sree Bhramaravasini M. Chikkaballapur Own QLNo-100, Sy.No-11, 200 12480 200 62400 717600 8 Sanders LLP No.1397, Janalakunte, 143520 Quarr - Janalakunte, 3.20Acres - TPH 0 TPH 0 Main Road, B-Block, 24 y Chikkaballapur Taluk Gudibande Taluk, Chikkaballapura Dist M/S Ashrita Stone Crusher, Prop. Smt. Suneetha W/o M. QLNo-155, Sy.No-39, Bhanu Prakash Chikkaballapur Own 150 150 Kanivenarayanapura, 1.00 9 Chowdari, #28, Kanivenarayanpura, 19200 22080 Quarr - - 96000 110400 TPH TPH Acres Suggappa Layout, 79 y Chikkaballapur Taluk Behind NES Office, Yelahanka, Bangalore North - 560064, M/s Sri Nandi Industries, Sy. No. 147, QLNo-613/133, Sy.No-39, Chikkaballapur Own Kanivenarayanapura 200 200 Kanivenarayanapura, 9.00 48000 10 Kanivenarayanpura, 96000 110400 Quarr - - 552000 Village, Nandi Hobli, TPH TPH Acres 0 147 y Chikkaballapur Taluk & Chikkaballapur Taluk District.

Shree Subhash P.Doddannavar,The QLNo-205, Sy.No-39, Occupier, M/S Espee Chikkaballapur Own 100 100 Kanivenarayanapura, 1.00 13500 11 Enterprises, #31, Kanivenarayanpura, 27000 31050 Quarr - - 155250 TPH TPH Acres 0 Amara jyothi Layout, 81 y Chikkaballapur Taluk Cholanagar, R.T.Nagara Post, Bangalore - 32, M/s Turbovent Industries Private M/s Srinidhi Mines, Limited, Sree Chikkaballapur Others Sy.No - 464/1, Yashwanth Krishna 200 15000 200 75000 12 Janalakunte, 172500 - Crusher - Yalagalahalli Village 862500 Paapagiri, Sy.No.14/5 TPH 0 TPH 0 14/5 s (1.39 Acres) , Janalakunte Village, Chikkaballapur Taluk Chikkaballapur Taluk and District. QLNo-746 Sy.No-43, M/s Venaah Stone Chikkanagavalli , Aggregate LLP,#317, 9th ChikkaballapurYalagal 150 45000 150 Others 22500 258750 13 517500 - - (7.20 Cross, Mahalakshmi ahalli404 TPH 0 TPH Quarry 00 0 Acres)Chikkaballapur Layout,Bangalore - 86 Taluk M/s Eco Sand QL No - 221 & 225, Chikkaballapur Own Sy.no-25, Janalakunte 300 27000 300 Sy No-11, Janalakunte 13500 155250 14 Janalakunte, 310500 Quarr - - Village, Chikkaballapur TPH 0 TPH (3-00 & 4-00 Acres), 00 0 25 y Taluk and District Chikkaballapur Taluk M/S Shobha Enterprises (Unit – II) No.68, Bank Ql No-108, Sy.No- Gowribidanur Own Colony, V.V.Puram 200 200 55(1-30 Acres) 18000 15 Arasalabande 36000 41400 Quarr - - 207000 Extension, Gowribidanur TPH TPH Arasalabande Village, 0 55 y Taluk, Chikkaballapur Gowribidanur Taluk District Sri Lakshmi Narasimhaswamy Stone Crushers, Sri Prashanth QLNo-746 Sy.No-43, R Managing Partner, Gudibande 200 21000 200 Others Chikkanagavalli , 10500 120750 16 No.10, 2nd Cross, Varlakonda 241500 - - TPH 0 TPH Quarry (7.20 Acres) 00 0 Srinivasa Garden, 272 Chikkaballapur Taluk RMV 2nd Stage, Nagashettihalli, Bangalore- 560094

REFERENCES

 Mineral Resources of Karnataka – Dr B.P. Radhakrishna et.al. (1995)  Groundwater Information Booklet of District – CGWB & directorate of groundwater 2010  Geology & Mineral Resources of the states of India – GSI (2006)  Chikkaballapur District at a glance – Karnataka Statistical Department (2015-16)  Brief Industrial Profile of Chikkaballapur District – Ministry of MSME, GoI (2012)  Information extracted from Wikipedia of Chikkaballapur District.  Maps extracted from NRDMS wing zp Chikkaballapur .  NBM Media’s publications