Environment Impact Assessment Report Beach Resort, Sindhudurg, Maharashtra
EIA REPORT
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDY FOR “BEACH RESORT PROJECT” AT SAGARTIRATH VILLAGE, DIST. SINDHUDURG, MAHARASHTRA
Prepared by:
SENES Consultants India Pvt. Ltd.
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Environment Impact Assessment Report Beach Resort, Sindhudurg, Maharashtra
INFORMATION ABOUT EIA CONSULTANTS
Brief Company Profile
This Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) report has been prepared by SENES Consultants India Pvt. Ltd.
SENES India, incorporated under the Companies Act 1956 (No. 1 of 1956), has been operating in the county for more than 10 years and holds expertise in conducting Environmental Impact Assessments, Social Impact Assessments, EHS Compliance Audits, Design and Planning of Solid Waste Management Facilities and Carbon Advisory Services.
The location of SENES offices in India are given below.
Noida (Head office): Mumbai: 1st Floor, Tower B, Logix Techno Park, 711, Mayuresh Cosmos Plot No. 5, Sector – 127, Noida Uttar Plot No. 37, Sector 11 Pradesh -201301 CBD, Mumbai – 400614 Tel: +91-020-4368400 Tel: +91-22-27576298 Fax: +91-020-4368401 Fax: +91-22-27564781 Kolkata : Hyderabad: MBL House, DD-18/8 305, Third Floor, 5th Floor, Sector-1 Salt lake City 12-13-97, Tata Tycoon Tarnaka Kolkata – 700064 Hyderabad – 500017 Tel: +91-33-23598070 Tel: +91-40-40180801 Fax: +91-33-23598072 Fax: +91-40-40180802
QCI/NABET Accreditation Status
As on date, SENES has been granted accreditation by the Quality Council of India / National Accreditation Board for Education & Training (QCI / NABET) in 14 sectors vide Certificate No. NABET/EIA/1013/043.
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Environment Impact Assessment Report Beach Resort, Sindhudurg, Maharashtra
Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION...... 1-1 1.1 Project ...... 1-1 1.2 Project Need and its Significance ...... 1-1 1.3 Objectives of the EIA Study ...... 1-1 1.4 Scope of the Study ...... 1-2 1.5 EIA Methodology ...... 1-2 1.6 Structure of the EIA Report ...... 1-3 CHAPTER 2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION ...... 2-1 2.1 Project detail ...... 2-1 2.2 Site Selection Criteria ...... 2-1 2.3 Nature and Size of the Project ...... 2-1 2.4 Project Site Location ...... 2-2 2.5 Site Connectivity ...... 2-4 2.6 Site Surrounding features ...... 2-4 2.7 project site and site surrounding Photographs ...... 2-4 2.7.1 Land Use Distribution and Area Statement ...... 2-4 2.7.2 Population Details ...... 2-6 2.8 Utilities Proposed during Construction and Operation Phase ...... 2-7 2.8.1 Water Requirement and Supply ...... 2-7 2.8.2 Sewage System ...... 2-8 2.8.3 Details of Proposed STP (375 KLD)...... 2-8 2.8.4 System Design (STP Capacity – 375 KLD) ...... 2-10 2.8.5 Rainwater Harvesting System ...... 2-13 2.8.6 Power Requirement and Supply...... 2-13 2.8.7 Parking 2-14 2.8.8 Municipal Solid Waste Management ...... 2-14 2.8.9 E-Waste Management ...... 2-14 2.8.10 Sewage Sludge ...... 2-14 2.8.11 Landscape Development ...... 2-14 2.8.12 Energy Conservation Measures ...... 2-14 2.8.13 Fire Safety Facilities ...... 2-14 2.8.14 Building Materials and Technologies for Construction ...... 2-15 2.8.15 Construction Period & Schedule ...... 2-15 2.8.16 Project Cost ...... 2-15 CHAPTER 3. LEGAL & ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK...... 3-16
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Environment Impact Assessment Report Beach Resort, Sindhudurg, Maharashtra
3.1 Environmental Policies ...... 3-16 3.2 Legal Provisions for Environment Related to Building and Construction Projects ...... 3-16 3.2.1 Ministry of Environment & Forests ...... 3-17 3.2.2 Maharashtra State Pollution Control Boards ...... 3-17 3.2.3 Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC) ...... 3-18 3.3 Siting of Projects...... 3-20 3.3.1 Environmental Clearance of Developmental Projects ...... 3-21 3.1 Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) Notification (amended in 2011) ...... 3-22 3.2 Usage of Water & Water Pollution ...... 3-23 3.3 Air Quality...... 3-23 3.4 Noise Level ...... 3-24 3.5 Solid and Hazardous Waste Management ...... 3-24 3.6 Central Ground Water Authority (CGWA) Notification...... 3-25 3.7 Operation of Motor Vehicles ...... 3-25 CHAPTER 4. BASELINE ENVIRONMENT STATUS...... 4-26 4.1.1 Land Environment ...... 4-26 4.2 Air Environment ...... 4-27 4.2.1 Meteorology ...... 4-27 4.3 Noise Environment ...... 4-33 4.4 Traffic Pattern and Density ...... 4-35 4.5 Soil ...... 4-36 4.6 Water environment ...... 4-37 4.6.1 Ground Water Scenario of the district ...... 4-37 4.7 Ecology ...... 4-41 Terrestrial Ecosystem ...... 4-44 4.8 Forest ...... 4-50 4.9 Scrub forest ...... 4-50 4.10 Plantation and Orchards ...... 4-50 4.11 Socio Economic Environment ...... 4-52 4.12 General Socio-Economic Profile ...... 4-52 4.12.1 Demographic Profile ...... 4-53 4.12.2 Education & Literacy ...... 4-54 4.12.3 Economic Activity & Livelihood Pattern ...... 4-54 4.12.4 Socioeconomic Infrastructure ...... 4-55 CHAPTER 5. POLLUTION SOURCES, IMPACT PREDICTION & IMPACT ASSESSMENT5-57 5.1 Pollution Sources ...... 5-57 5.2 Impact Prediction and Impact Assessment ...... 5-58
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Environment Impact Assessment Report Beach Resort, Sindhudurg, Maharashtra
5.3 Impact on Physical Environment ...... 5-60 5.3.1 Impact on Physical Environment during Pre-Construction Phase ...... 5-60 5.3.2 Impact on Physical Environment during Construction Phase ...... 5-60 5.4 Impact on Air Environment ...... 5-61 5.4.1 Impact on Air Environment during Pre- construction Phase ...... 5-61 5.4.2 Impact on Air Environment during Construction Phase ...... 5-61 5.5 Impact on Noise Environment ...... 5-67 5.5.1 Impact on Noise Environment during Pre-construction ...... 5-67 5.5.2 Impact on Noise Environment during Construction and Operation Phase ...... 5-67 5.6 Impact on Water Environment ...... 5-71 5.6.1 Impact on Water Environment during Construction Phase ...... 5-71 5.6.2 Impact on Water Environment during Operation Phase ...... 5-72 5.7 Impact on Land Environment ...... 5-74 5.7.1 Impact on Land Environment during Construction Phase ...... 5-74 5.7.2 Impact on Land Environment during Operation Phase ...... 5-75 5.8 Impact on Ecological Environment ...... 5-77 5.8.1 Impact on Ecological Environment during Construction Phase ...... 5-77 5.8.2 Impact on Ecological Environment during Operation Phase ...... 5-78 5.9 Impact on Socio-Economic Environment ...... 5-78 5.9.1 Impact on Socio-Economic Environment During Construction Phase ...... 5-78 5.9.2 Impact on Socio-Economic Environment during Operation Phase...... 5-78 5.10 Impact on Historical, Archaeological and Architectural Sites ...... 5-79 5.11 Summary of impacts ...... 5-79 CHAPTER 6. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ...... 6-83 6.1 Introduction ...... 6-83 6.2 Capacity Building for EMP Implementation ...... 6-83 6.3 Implement Arrangements for EMP ...... 6-83 6.4 Environmental Management Plan Matrix ...... 6-83 6.5 EMP for Air Environment ...... 6-95 6.5.1 Site Preparation ...... 6-95 6.5.2 Noise Environment ...... 6-96 6.5.3 Construction Material Management ...... 6-96 6.5.4 Vehicle Emission Controls and Alternatives ...... 6-97 6.6 EMP for Noise Environment ...... 6-98 6.6.1 Construction Phase ...... 6-98 6.6.2 Operation Phase ...... 6-99
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Environment Impact Assessment Report Beach Resort, Sindhudurg, Maharashtra
6.7 EMP for Water Environment ...... 6-99 6.7.1 Construction Phase ...... 6-99 6.7.2 Operation Phase ...... 6-99 6.8 EMP for Land Environment ...... 6-104 6.8.1 Construction Debris ...... 6-104 6.8.2 Waste due to construction workers & Biomass ...... 6-104 6.8.3 Topsoil Management ...... 6-104 6.8.4 Solid Waste Management ...... 6-105 6.9 EMP for E-Waste Management ...... 6-105 6.10 EMP for Ecological Environment ...... 6-105 6.10.1 Construction Phase ...... 6-105 6.10.2 Operational Phase ...... 6-105 6.10.3 Green Belt Plan ...... 6-106 6.10.4 Greenbelt Design for Site ...... 6-107 6.11 EMP for Socio-economic Environment ...... 6-107 6.11.1 Mitigative Measures ...... 6-107 6.12 EMP for Energy Conservation ...... 6-107 6.13 Electrical Hazardous and Safety Measure Plan ...... 6-109 6.14 Fire Fighting Management ...... 6-112 6.15 Health , Safety and Welfare Plan ...... 6-113 6.15.1 Fixation of Hours of Work and Interval of Rest & Spread Over ...... 6-113 6.15.2 Weekly rest, payment of work dones on the day of rest at overtime rate, etc...... 6-113 6.15.3 Notice of Wage Period ...... 6-113 6.15.4 Accommodation ...... 6-113 6.15.5 Latrine and Urinal ...... 6-113 6.15.6 Medical Facilities ...... 6-114 6.15.7 Emergency Care Services or Emergency Treatment ...... 6-115 6.15.8 Safety Measures ...... 6-115 CHAPTER 7. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN ...... 7-116 7.1 General ...... 7-116 7.2 Objectives of Environmental Monitoring Plan ...... 7-116 4.7 Suggested Environmental Monitoring Plan ...... 7-116 7.2.1 Data Analysis ...... 7-119 7.2.2 Reporting Schedule ...... 7-119 7.2.3 Emergency Procedures/Corrective Measures ...... 7-119 CHAPTER 8. Risk Assessment and Disaster Management Plan ...... 8-120
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Environment Impact Assessment Report Beach Resort, Sindhudurg, Maharashtra
8.1 Introduction ...... 8-120 8.2 Risk Assessment during the construction phase ...... 8-120 8.3 risk assessment during the operation phase ...... 8-120 8.3.1 History of Disaster in Sindhudurg District ...... 8-120 8.4 Disaster Management Plan for Construction Phase ...... 8-121 8.5 Disaster Management Plan for Operation Phase ...... 8-122 8.5.1 On Site Emergency Management Plan ...... 8-122 8.5.1.1 Earthquake ...... 8-122 8.5.1.2 Fire ...... 8-123 8.6 Key Persons and Responsibilities ...... 8-125 8.7 Emergency Preparedness...... 8-127 8.8 Emergency Management Procedure ...... 8-127 8.9 Off-Site Emergency Preparedness Plan ...... 8-128 8.10 Management Frameworks and Conclusion ...... 8-129 8.10.1 Coordination with Concerned Authorities ...... 8-130 CHAPTER 9. CORPORATE ENVIRONMENT RESPONSIBILITY ...... 9-131 9.1 Environment Policy ...... 9-131 9.2 Standard Operating Procedures ...... 9-131 9.3 Hierarchical System of the Organization ...... 9-131 9.4 Reporting Mechanism of Non-Compliance ...... 9-132
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Environment Impact Assessment Report Beach Resort, Sindhudurg, Maharashtra
List of Table
Table 2.1 : Land Details...... 2-2 Table 2.2 : Project Details...... 2-5 Table 2.3 : Population Details ...... 2-6 Table 2.4 : Water Demand ...... 2-7 Table 2.5 : Details Break-up of Water Requirement ...... 2-7 Table 2.6 : Wastewater Generation ...... 2-8 Table 2.7 : Power Demand of the Proposed Project ...... 2-13 Table 2.8 : Provided Parking Details ...... 2-14 Table 2.9 : Construction Materials to be used for Proposed Project ...... 2-15 Table 3.1 Summary of Environmental Legislation concerning Proposed Project...... 3-19 Table 4.1: Landuse Within 10 km from the Project Site ...... 4-26 Table 4.2: Climatological Table of Vengurla Taluka ...... 4-27 Table 4.3 Climatological Data ...... 4-28 Table 4.4 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations ...... 4-28 Table 4.5 Ambient Air Quality Results AQ1- Project Site ...... 4-29 Table 4.6 Ambient Air Quality Results AQ2- Mochemad Village ...... 4-29 Table 4.7 Ambient Air Quality Results AQ3- Naichiaad Village ...... 4-29 Table 4.8 Ambient Air Quality Results AQ4- Shiroda Village ...... 4-29 Table 4.9 Ambient Air Quality Results AQ5- Velagar Village ...... 4-30
Table 4.10 Baseline Air Quality – PM 10 ...... 4-30
Table 4.11 Baseline Air Quality – PM 2.5 ...... 4-31
Table 4.12 Baseline Air Quality – SO 2 ...... 4-31
Table 4.13 Baseline Air Quality –NO x ...... 4-32 Table 4.14 Baseline Air Quality – CO...... 4-33 Table 4.15 Noise Monitoring Locations ...... 4-33 Table 4.16 Monitoring Results – Noise ...... 4-34 Table 4.17 Ambiant Noise Quality Standards ...... 4-34 Table 4.18 Traffic Statistics of studied roads...... 4-35 Table 4.19 Soil Sampling Locations ...... 4-36 Table 4.20 Soil Sampling Results ...... 4-36
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Environment Impact Assessment Report Beach Resort, Sindhudurg, Maharashtra
Table 4.21 Water Sampling Locations ...... 4-40 Table 4.22 Water Sampling Locations – Ground Water...... 4-40 Table 4.23 Water Sampling Locations – Surface Water...... 4-41 Table 4.24 Site flora of Proposed Project ...... 4-44 Table 4.25 Site Avifauna ...... 4-46 Table 4.31 Reptilian fauna of the Site ...... 4-48 Table 4.32 Butterfly Species ...... 4-49 Table 4.28 Local distribution of plant species ...... 4-51 Table 4.29 Scheduled Animal Species In The Study Area ...... 4-51 Table 4.30 List of Villages Selected for Socio-economic Profiling ...... 4-53 Table 4.31 demographic profile of the study area villages ...... 4-53 Table 4.32 schedule caste and schedule tribes of study area villages ...... 4-54 Table 4.33 Literacy profile of the study area villages ...... 4-54 Table 4.34 workforce participation for study area villages...... 4-55 Table 4.35 basic amenities in the study area ...... 4-56 Table 5.1 Potential Pollutant Sources & Characteristics ...... 5-57 Table 5.2 Identification of potential Impacts During Construction & Operation Phase ...... 5-59 Table 5.3 DG Set Specification ...... 5-63
3 Table 5.4 maximum Ground Level SO 2 (µg/m ) Concentration (24 hourly Averaged) due to DG sets5-63
3 Table 5.5 maximum Ground Level NO x (µg/m ) Concentration (24 hours Averaged) due to DG sets5-64
3 Table 5.6 maximum Ground Level PM 10 Concentration (µg/m ) ...... 5-65 Table 5.7 maximum Ground Level CO (µg/m 3) Concentration (1 hours Averaged) in due to DG set5-66 Table 5.8: Noise levels Generated from Construction Equipment ...... 5-67 Table 5.9: Ultimate Water Requirements for Proposed Project ...... 5-72 Table 5.10: Standards for Effluent Disposal ...... 5-73 Table 5.11: Expected Solid Waste Generation...... 5-76 Table 5.12 Summary Matrix of Predicted Impacts due to Proposed Project ...... 5-80 Table 6.1 : Environnemental Management Plan Matrix ...... 6-85 Table 6.2 Standards for Occupational Exposure ...... 6-98 Table 7.1: Recommended Environmental Monitoring Plan ...... 7-117
Table 7.2: APPLICABLE STANDARDS FOR DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTAL COMPONENTS ...... 7-119
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Environment Impact Assessment Report Beach Resort, Sindhudurg, Maharashtra
List of Figures
Figure 1-1: EIA Methodology ...... 1-2 Figure 2.1 Location of the Project Site on District Map ...... 2-3 Figure 2.2 Location of the Project Site on Google image ...... 2-3 Figure 2.3 Photographs - Site and Surrounding Features ...... 2-4
Figure 4.1 PM 10 Level Comparison at 5 Locations ...... 4-30
Figure 4.2 PM 2.5 Level Comparison at 5 Locations ...... 4-31
Figure 4.3 SO 2 Level Comparisons at 5 Locations ...... 4-32
Figure 4.4 NO x Level Comparison at 5 Locations ...... 4-32 Figure 4.5 CO Level Comparison at 5 Locations ...... 4-33 Figure 4.6 Day Time Noise Level Comparison at 3 Locations ...... 4-35 Figure 4.7 Day Time Noise Level Comparison at 3 Locations ...... 4-35 Figure 4.8 Traffic Flow Comparison at 2 Locations ...... 4-36 Figure 4.9 Depth to Water Level During Pre-Monsoon and Post Monsoon ...... 4-39
3 Figure 5.1 Spatial Distribution of 24 hours averaged SO 2 GLC (µg/m ) due to DG Sets ...... 5-64
3 Figure 5.2 Spatial variation of 24 hours averaged NO x GLC (µg/m ) due to ...... 5-65
3 Figure 5.3 Spatial Distribution of 24 hours averaged PM 10 GLC (µg/m ) due to ...... 5-66 Figure 5.4 Spatial Distribution of 8 hours averaged CO GLC (µg/m 3) due to ...... 5-67 Figure 5.5 Spatial Variation of Incremental Noise Level during Construction Phase without Control5-69 Figure 5.6 Spatial Variation of Incremental Noise Level during Operation Phase without Control ... 5-70 Figure 6.1: EMP Implémentation Chart ...... 6-84 Figure 6.2 MBR Configuration ...... 6-102 Figure 9.1 Hierarchical System of the Organisation ...... 9-132 Figure 9.2 Reporting Mechanism of Non-Compliance...... 9-132
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Environment Impact Assessment Report Beach Resort Project, Sindhudurg, Maharashtra
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 PROJECT M/s. Elite Township Pvt. Ltd. intends to develop a Beach Resort Project at Sagartirth encompassing three villages Sagartirth, Tank & Temb in Taluka Vengurla, Sindhudurg District in Maharashtra. The proposed project comprises of a resort comprised of guest rooms, suites, villas, public areas and amenities. The proposed development is basically a Beach Resort project and falls under CRZ-III Category. The entire complex would be developed in an area of 219,084 m 2, which comprises of a resort including guest rooms, suites, villas, public areas and amenities. The total built-up area is approximately 61,926.22 m2. As per the EIA notification, 2006 and its subsequent amendments, proposed Beach Resort development, having built up area of more than 20,000 sq.m but less than 1,50,000 sq.m is listed as project/activity 8(a) under category ‘B2’– “Building and Construction Projects” and will require prior environmental clearance from State territory level Expert Appraisal Committee (SEAC) of Maharashtra on submission of application documents (Form 1, Form 1A and Conceptual plan). In addition to this, the proposed project site is strategically located near the seashore and is falling under Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ)-III category and therefore require CRZ clearance under CRZ Notification, 2011 of MoEF from the concerned authority of the state. In view of this, detailed Environmental Impact Assessment report need to be prepared and submitted to the concerned authority. M/s. Elite Township Pvt. Ltd has retained M/s SENES Consultants India Private Limited to conduct the Environmental Impact Assessment study for the proposed project.
1.2 PROJECT NEED AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE The tourism industry in India is substantial and vibrant, and the country is quickly becoming a major global destination. There are quite a few resorts operating in Sindhudurg area. This upcoming beach resort will become a pleasant alternative with its unique location and facilities that it will provide. The proposed project will lead to following benefits. • Tourism is a growing industry; therefore there is need for more hospitality services. The proposed resort aims at fulfilling the need to satisfy the tourism market through provision of quality services and accommodation. • Improvement in local area by providing additional employment opportunities to the skilled as well as unskilled people; • The planned development with modern infrastructure facilities would add-on to the local aesthetics
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE EIA STUDY The objectives of the EIA study are as follows: • To describe the proposed project and associated works together with the requirements for carrying out the proposed development; • To identify and describe the elements of the community and environment likely to be affected by the proposed developments;
1-1 Introduction
Environment Impact Assessment Report Beach Resort Project, Sindhudurg, Maharashtra
• To identify, predict and evaluate environmental and social impacts expected to arise during the construction and operation phase of the project in relation to the sensitive receptors; • To identify the negative impacts and develop mitigation measures so as to minimize pollution, environmental disturbance and nuisance during construction and operations of the development; and • To design and specify the monitoring requirements necessary to ensure the implementation and the effectiveness of the mitigation measures adopted.
1.4 SCOPE OF THE STUDY The study involves, detailed reconnaissance visit to the site to assess the existing environmental baseline condition of the area, subsequent assessment of potential impact from the construction activity and during the operation phase of the proposed development in order to suggest the necessary mitigation measures, required to be taken for the protection of the environment. Apart from this, Environmental Management Plan (EMP) and Disaster Management Plan (DMP) will also be prepared in order to prevent any hazard during construction and operation phase.
1.5 EIA METHODOLOGY The EIA study for the proposed project has been carried out as per the EIA guidelines of the Ministry of Environment and Forest (MoEF). The EIA methodology for the proposed project has been described in Figure 1-1.
FIGURE 1-1: EIA METHODOLOGY
Project Scoping Identify potential sources of Impact
Predict consequences and Consultation with Consultation stakeholders likelihood of Impact
Evaluate the significance
Collection and new surveys) new surveys) and Collection Investigate options for Baseline Studies ( Existing data data Existing ( Studies Baseline mitigation
Interaction with Project Proponents Proponents Project with Interaction
Prepare final EIA report (Along with EMP and DMP)
1-2 Introduction
Environment Impact Assessment Report Beach Resort Project, Sindhudurg, Maharashtra
1.6 STRUCTURE OF THE EIA REPORT The EIA Report presents the existing baseline scenario, assessment and evaluation of the environmental impacts that may arise during the construction and operation period. The content of the remainder part of the report are as follows: Chapter 2: Project Description Chapter 3: Legal and Administrative framework Chapter 4: Baseline Environmental status of project area Chapter 5: Pollution Sources and Environment Impacts Chapter 6: Environmental Management Plan Chapter 7: Environmental Monitoring Plan Chapter 8: Disaster Management Plan Chapter 9: Corporate Environment Responsibility
1-3 Introduction
Environmental Impact Assessment Report Beach Resort Project, Sindhudurg, Maharashtra
CHAPTER 2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION
2.1 PROJECT DETAIL M/s. Elite Township Pvt. Ltd. intends to develop a Beach Resort at Sagartirth encompassing three villages Sagartirth, Tank & Temb in Taluka Vengurla, Sindhudurg District in Maharashtra.
The proposed project comprises of a resort comprised of guest rooms, suites, villas, public areas and amenities. The entire complex would be developed in an area of 219,084 m 2, which comprises of a resort including guest rooms, suites, villas, public areas and amenities. The total built-up area is approximately 61,926.22 m2.
The proposed development is located near the seashore and falls under Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ)-III Category. The CRZ map indicating the High Tide Line (HTL), Low Tide Line (LTL) & CRZ boundaries lying at 200m and 500m specified by National Institute of Oceanography (NIO) is enclosed as Annexure-2.1 . The rapid marine environmental impact assessment study has also been carried out by NIO for the above said development, the same is enclosed separately.
2.2 SITE SELECTION CRITERIA The sitting of developmental projects in India is managed by Siting Guidelines for activities and projects delineated by the Ministry of Environment and Forest (MoEF) and the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). The overall purpose of the guideline is to aid proponents in judiciously selecting project sites, keeping in mind various environmental sensitivities. However, the guidelines for siting are not legally enforceable except for areas which are ecologically fragile (as notified by certain specific notifications) or are located in the Coastal Regulation Zone as demarcated by the Coastal Regulation Zone Notification, 1991 and subsequent amendments. Additionally, State Governments sometimes formulate State wise Siting Guidelines for development planning. The design brief places a strong emphasis on achieving a high level of environmental performance, durability, and healthy indoor air quality through integrated design, best practices and emerging technologies. For the proposed beach resort project, sustainability is integrated into all phases of the design process using an integrated approach which balances social, economic, and environmental factors.
2.3 NATURE AND SIZE OF THE PROJECT The proposed Beach Resort will be developed in an area of 54.13 Acres i.e. 2,19,084 sq m, which comprises of resort guest rooms, suites, villas, public areas and amenities. The proposed project will be comprising of 160 Guest Rooms, 16 Suites (1BR), 2 Suites (2 BR), 29 Villas (3BR), 5 Villas (2 BR), banquet halls, restaurants and Spa. It will also have facility for parking. Proper landscaping will also be done within the proposed site. The project will also involve internal development of basic infrastructure such as internal roads, power supply, water supply, sewer and storm water pipe network and waste management system.
2-1 Project Description
Environmental Impact Assessment Report Beach Resort Project, Sindhudurg, Maharashtra
2.4 PROJECT SITE LOCATION The proposed project site is strategically located near the seashore & falls under CRZ-III Category. The proposed development also comes under the T-5 category as per notification of Urban Development Department Mantralaya, Mumbai dated 9 th July 1999. Project site is located at Village Sagartirath in Aravali -Tak, Vengurla Taluka, Sindhudurg District of Maharashtra. The project site adjoins Arabian Sea, being approximately 70 m away from shoreline. Site is approachable from MSH4 Vengurla-Shiroda coastal highway on the east. Land details for the proposed development is given in Table 2.1
TABLE 2.1 : LAND DETAILS S.N. Village Survey No. 1. Sagartirath 2, HISSA no. 3 B 4, HISSA no. 1 & 3 2. Tank 16, HISSA no. 1/1 & 1/4 27, HISSA no. 1/2 3. Temb 15, HISSA no. 1/1 A HISSA no. 1/2
The location of the proposed site on District Map and Google Map is given in Figure 2.1 and Figure 2.2 respectively .
2-2 Project Description
Environmental Impact Assessment Report Beach Resort Project, Sindhudurg, Maharashtra
FIGURE 2.1 LOCATION OF THE PROJECT SITE ON DISTRICT MAP
FIGURE 2.2 LOCATION OF THE PROJECT SITE ON GOOGLE IMAGE
2-3 Project Description
Environmental Impact Assessment Report Beach Resort Project, Sindhudurg, Maharashtra
2.5 SITE CONNECTIVITY The connectivity of the site through air, roads and railway links is as follows: Road – The site will be accessible by MSH4 Vengurla-Shiroda Road (Coastal Highway). The site is located to the south of Vengurla town and southwest of Sawantwadi village at an approximate aerial distance of ~8 km and ~22 km respectively. Rail –– The site is well connected to the rail network through the railway main line and the nearest railway station is Sawantwadi at a distance of about 17 Km towards the northeastern side of the site. Air –The nearest airport is Goa Airport which is ~48 Km from the site towards SSE direction.
2.6 SITE SURROUNDING FEATURES The proposed site is in the coastal plains and is slightly undulating. Slopes are towards the Western side with variation (7 m) in the highest and lowest point. The site surroundings comprise of rural setup and the land use in the surrounding area comprises of villages with residential set up. No industrial area is observed in nearby vicinity. Many small scale hotels and resorts are seen adjoining the coastal areas. The details of the site surrounding have been shown below in Figure 2.3
2.7 PROJECT SITE AND SITE SURROUNDING PHOTOGRAPHS The photographs for site surrounding features are shown in Figure 2.3.
FIGURE 2.3 PHOTOGRAPHS - SITE AND SURROUNDING FEATURES
2.7.1 Land Use Distribution and Area Statement
The site layout diagram with all the activities is enclosed as Annexure 2.2 . This illustrates the major project components and their locations on the project site.
2-4 Project Description
Environmental Impact Assessment Report Beach Resort Project, Sindhudurg, Maharashtra
Land Use Distribution The project will be developed on an area measuring 54.13 Acres. The project details, area statement and FAR is given in Table 2.2 .
TABLE 2.2 : PROJECT DETAILS Total Site Area 2, 19,084 sq.m. FAR Permi ssible 72,300 sq.m FAR (Sq. m) BUA (Sq.m) GUEST ROOMS & SUITES GUEST ROOMS 12634.08 14890.56 SUITES ONE BEDROOM 2454.80 2536.40 SUITES VILLA TWO BEDROOM 498.05 580.84 STAIRS AND CORRIDOR 2464.18 2464.18 TOTAL (A) 18051.11 2047 1.98 GUEST ROOMS & SUITES POOLS ROOMS 3332
SUITES ONE BEDROOM 1136.11
SUITES TWO BEDROOM 132.71
TOTAL (B) - 4600.82 PUBLIC AREAS & AMENITIES CULTURE CENTER RETAIL BLOCK 184.00 184.00 FRONT OF HOUSE 422.29 504.54 RESTAURANT #1 A.D.D 821.74 821.74 SPECIALTY RESTAURANT 464.53 464.53 LOBBY LOUNGE 98.00 98.00 SPA RECEPTION 726.26 780.10 SPA RESTAURANT 455.85 556.85 SPA TREATMENT ROOMS 430.63 500.0 MEETING AND BANQUETTING 1305.42 1573.43 BEACH RESTAURANT 254.72 300.65 KID'S ACTIVITY CENTER 130.49 165.49 BANQUETING RECEPTION 39.70 39.7 TOTAL (C) 5333.63 5989.02 TOTAL D=(A+B+C) 23384.74 31061.83 VILLA ZONE TWO BED ROOM TYPE-A 287.83 343.15 TWO BED ROOM TYPE-B 587.79 669.42 THREE BED ROOM TYPE -A 362.76 426.37 THREE BED ROOM TYPE-B 12391.62 14467.32 THREE BED ROOM TYPE-C 753.59 826.38 CLUB 60.66 87.37 TOTAL (E) 14444.25 16820.01 VILLAS POOLS TWO BED ROOM TYPE-A 151.13
TWO BED ROOM TYPE -B 368.39
THREE BED ROOM TYPE-A 89.49
THREE BED ROOM TYPE-B 3551.52
2-5 Project Description
Environmental Impact Assessment Report Beach Resort Project, Sindhudurg, Maharashtra
THREE BED ROOM TYPE-C 443.67
TOTAL (F) - 4604.20 TOTAL FOR VILLA ZONE G = (E+F) 14444.25 21424.21 GROSS TOTAL (D+G) 37828.99 52486.03 MEP ZONES/ ANCILLARY BUILDINGS MEP ZONE 2319.70 i. BASEMENT 1847.40 ii. SUPER STRUCTURE 472.30 BOH ZONE 3411.00 STP 500.00 TOTAL FOR MEP ZONES/ ANCILLARY BUILDINGS (H) 6230.70 Other activity area free from FAR like balconies (I) 3209.48 GRAND TOTAL BUILT-UP AREA (D+G+H+I) 61926.22
2.7.2 Population Details
The population during construction & operation phase associated with the project is given in Table 2.3
TABLE 2.3 : POPULATION DETAILS Construction Phase Approx. 500 Nos. Name of Space Total No. of Total Rooms person/room Population Rooms 160 2 320 Suites (1 BR) 16 2 32 Suites (2 BR) 2 4 8 Villa (2 BR) Type A 1 4 4 Villa (2 BR) Type B 4 4 16 Villa (3 BR) Type A 1 6 6 Operation Phase Villa (3 BR) Type B 26 6 156 Villa (3 BR) Type C 2 6 12 Employees & Staff 212 2.5 530 Visitors L.S 200 Banquet halls L.S 600 Restaurants L.S 400 SPA L.S 100 Total 2384
2-6 Project Description
Environmental Impact Assessment Report Beach Resort Project, Sindhudurg, Maharashtra
2.8 UTILITIES PROPOSED DURING CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION PHASE The infrastructure facilities planned for the proposed project are highlighted in the following sub- section.
2.8.1 Water Requirement and Supply
Water Requirement During construction phase , water requirement is about 80 KLD (including construction activity & domestic), considering ~ 500 labors, which will be deployed at the peak construction period. The water requirement for the construction activities would be 55 KLD and domestic water requirement for labors will be 25 KLD. During the operation phase , the estimated total water demand for project is about ~791 KLD, out of which ~ 496 KLD fresh water demand & ~295 will be met through treated water supply for landscaping, flushing & partial HVAC cooling .The details of total water demand and its break up have been discussed below in Table 2.4 and Table 2.5 :
TABLE 2.4 : WATER DEMAND
S. No Details Quantity 1 Fresh 496 KLD 2 Reuse 295 KLD Total 791 KLD
TABLE 2.5 : DETAILS BREAK -UP OF WATER REQUIREMENT
S.N. Details Quantity in KLD 1. Domestic Other Than Flushing 272 2. Flushing 48 3. HVAC cooling 78 4. Filter Back Wash 25 5. Swimming Pool and other Process Water Wash 55 6. landscaping 238 7. Water body 75 7.1 West Zone 20 7.2 East Zone 30 7.3 Pools of Villas Clusters 13 7.4 Villa Common Pools 7 7.5 SPA Pool 4 Total 791 KLD
2-7 Project Description
Environmental Impact Assessment Report Beach Resort Project, Sindhudurg, Maharashtra
Water Source During the construction phase , tanker water supply will be used for fulfilling the water requirement. During operation phase , water demand will be met primarily through municipal water supply system and reuse of treated wastewater from STP. In case of any abstraction of groundwater, due permission will be obtained from Central Ground Water Authority (CGWA).
2.8.2 Sewage System
During construction phase , it is expected that 20 KLD of waste water will be generated from labor, which will be disposed off in septic tanks. The waste water from septic tanks will be disposed through mobile STP tankers. During operation phase , the total wastewater generated from the project site will be 310 KLD. This wastewater generated will be treated in an on-site sewage treatment plant based on Membrane Bio- Reactor (MBR) process upto tertiary level having total design capacity of 375 KLD. The break-up of wastewater generation and STP details is given in Table 2.6 .
TABLE 2.6 : WASTEWATER GENERATION
S. No Details Quantity 1 Wastewater Generation 310 KLD 2 STP Design Capacity 375 KLD
2.8.3 Details of Proposed STP (375 KLD)
STP based on the Membrane Bio-Reactor (MBR) is a combination of Activated Sludge process combined with absolute filtration (with Ultra Filtration). Bio-degradation is carried out due to the presence and growth of microorganisms and suspended solids. These suspended solids and microorganisms are separated from water by membrane unit. Scheme process: Raw sewage from various sources is subjected to following treatment to obtain the treated water quality. Bar screen Chamber
The raw sewage will be received at the inlet of the bar screen to trap any floating particles and debris. Oil & Grease Trap and Equalization tank
A belt type oil skimmer and grease trap will be provided to remove the floating oil and grease. The oil free effluent overflows to the collection cum equalization tank. The sewage generation is not uniform and is subjected to fluctuation. Hence to maintain a constant flow and to homogenize the sewage quality a suitable retention time is provided in the Equalization tank. Air mixing is also provided to enhance the above process. Aeration tank is designed for average daily flow of 10 hrs retention. A fine screen is placed in between to trap any sharp objects or small particles.
2-8 Project Description
Environmental Impact Assessment Report Beach Resort Project, Sindhudurg, Maharashtra
Aeration Tank (Process Tank/ Bio reactor)
The aeration system works on an extended aeration activated sludge process. The biological reaction is sustained by maintaining a required level of MLSS 8000-10000mg/l in the aeration tank. The generation of biomass reduces the incoming BOD and COD to greater than 95%. Oxygen transfer is achieved by means of fine bubble diffusers placed at the bottom of the tank to transfer atmospheric oxygen from air. The process aeration blowers are provided for the biological tank and ensure that sufficient oxygen is available to maintain the biological process in the tank. The mixed liquor containing the biomass overflows/ pumped from the aeration tank to the membrane tank for removal of BOD. The MBR is basically a combination of Activated Sludge process combine with absolute filtration (UF). The basic biological aeration system considered utilizes diffused aeration to provide the required oxygen that will maintain the healthy biomass. The MBR produces superior quality effluent through an innovative combination of immersed, low-pressure reinforced hollow fiber ultra-filtration membranes and a suspended growth biological reactor. The reinforced hollow fiber UF membranes replace the solids separation function of secondary clarifiers and the polishing function of granular filter media that are found in conventional activated sludge systems. By eliminating the need for sludge settling, MBR process can operate at mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) concentrations in the range of 8,000 to 12,000 mg/L—three to five times greater than conventional systems, resulting in plants that are significantly more compact than a conventional plant. Fewer processes, combined with highly automated, PLC operation makes plant operation less labor intensive and much more straightforward. Plant operators are only required to perform regular preventive maintenance on system pumps, blowers, and associated mechanical equipment to ensure efficient biological processes and optimum membrane permeation.
General Quality of Sewage Inlet Characteristics
S.N. Particulars Details 1 Nature of Waste Sewage 2 pH 6.0 -8.0 3 Suspended solid <0.1 mg/L 4 BOD 250-450 mg/L 5 COD 500-800 mg/L 6 TDS 400 mg/L 7 Oil & grease 10 mg/L
Quality of Treated Effluent
S.N. Particulars Details 1 pH 6.5 -8.5 2 Suspended solid <0.1 mg/L 3 BOD <5 mg/L 4 COD <30 mg/L 5 TDS <10 mg/L
2-9 Project Description
Environmental Impact Assessment Report Beach Resort Project, Sindhudurg, Maharashtra
2.8.4 System Design (STP Capacity – 375 KLD)
Designs of Screens Flow to STP : 375 KLD Average flow rate/Hr : 375 /24 = 15.625 cum/hr Peaking Factor (maximum) : 2 Times Peak Flow : 15.625 x 2 = 31.25 cum/hr Desired Velocity Through : 0.8m/Sec Bar Screen Chamber (V) Area of Bar Screen (Peaking Factor / (3600 x V) : 31.25 /(3600x0.8)=0.01085 Sq.m Available the smelliest bar screen in the field is 0.6m x 0.5m to fixed in side the chamber. Size of bars = 6mm Spacing between bars = 8mm No of Bars = 25 nos.
Grit Chamber
Daily expected flow in to the STP =375 Cum/day STP operating hours = 24 Hrs Daily Average Flow to STP =15.625 Cum/hr Retention time IN EQT Tank =1/2 hr Capacity required =15.625 X 0.5 = 7.8 cum Assume SWD is =0.9 m (SWD )
Equalization Tank
Daily expected flow in to the STP =375 Cum/day STP operating hours = 24 Hrs Daily Average Flow to STP =15.625 Cum/hr Peak flow =15.625 x 1.5times = 23.45cum/hr Retention time IN EQT Tank =6.0 hr Capacity required =23.45 X 6 = 140.7 cum Assume liquid depth is =2.0 m ( LD )
Effluent Transfer Pump
Daily Flow to STP =375 cum/day Operation Period =24Hr Flow Rate =15.625 cum/hr Head =10mwc Pump capacity selected 2 nos 8.0 cum/hr @ 10mwc
2-10 Project Description
Environmental Impact Assessment Report Beach Resort Project, Sindhudurg, Maharashtra
Aeration Tank
Flow regime : complete mix Hydraulic retention time : 8 - 10 hours MLSS : 8000 to 12000mg/l F/M Ratio : 0.15 to 0.05 BOD removal percent : 90% to 98% F/M = Influent Flow Rate x 0.45 MLSS F/M = 375 x 0.45 8000 F/M = 0.02 F/M Ratio within the Range = 0.02 Assume liquid depth is = 3.5m
Permeate Tank
Daily Flow to STP =375cum/day Flow Rate = 15.625 cum/hr Retention time provided =10 hr Volume of Permeate Tank =15.625 x 10 = 156cum Assume liquid depth is =3.0 m (LD) Surface area required = 52 SQM
Soft Water Tank
Daily Flow to STP = 375 cum/day Flow Rate = 15.625 cum/hr Retention time provided = 5 hr Volume of Permeate Tank = 15.625 x 5 = 78.125 cum Assume liquid depth is =3.0m (LD) Surface area required =26.04 SQM
Air Requirements i). For Aeration tank Inlet BOD = 450 ppm BOD Load = (Inlet BOD x Q)/1000 = (450 x375]/1000 = 168.75 Kg/Day
O2 Requirement = 2 kg/kg of BOD Total OD req/day - BOD load removed x O2 req = 168.75 x 2 = 337.5 kg Theoretical O2 req per hr = (Total O2 req/day)/Op hrs = 337.5 /24 = 14.06 Kg of O2/Hr
2-11 Project Description
Environmental Impact Assessment Report Beach Resort Project, Sindhudurg, Maharashtra
Theoretical Air Req = Theoretical O2 req/Hr/(Density of air x % of O2 in air) = 14.06 / (1.2 x 0.23) =51 m3/hr Actual Air Req = Theorectical air req / (alpha x beta x OTE) = 51 / (0.65 x 0.95 x 0.18) = 51 / 0.11115 = 459 cum/hr Actual air requirement required in Aeration tank - 459 cum/hr Say -460 cum/hr Capacity of Air blowers selected 2 nos of 230 Cum/Hr @ 4.0MWC(2W+1S)
ii). For Equalization Tank Daily expected flow in to the STP = 375 Cum/day STP operating hours = 24 Hrs Daily Average Flow to STP = 15.625 Cum/hr Peak flow =62.5 x1.5times =23.45cum/hr Retention time IN EQT Tank =6.0 hr Capacity required =23.45 X 6 = 140.7 cum 1 cum/hr per 1 cum of tank capacity = 140.7 cum/hr Actual Air requirement required in EQT – 145 cum/hr
Capacity of Air blowers selected 2 nos of 145 Cum/Hr @ 4.0MWC (1W+1S)
Sludge Generation Total Flow : 375 cum/day Inlet BOD : 450 mg/l Outlet BOD : 5 mg/l BOD to be removed per day : 375 x (450-5)/1000 = 16.465 kgs/day Sludge generation rate : 25-30% Total BOD to be removed = 16.465 x 0.25 = 4.1 kgs/day Suspended solids to be removed : (375 x 400)/1000 : 150 kgs/day Total sludge to be removed : 4.1+150 = 154.1 kgs/day Considering sludge density as 1.0 & 6-8% thickening Total sludge to be removed /day : 154.1/0.06 = 2568.3 lit/day : 2.6 cum/day
2-12 Project Description
Environmental Impact Assessment Report Beach Resort Project, Sindhudurg, Maharashtra
Sludge Management: The sludge from tank is pumped using a screw pump in to a Filter press. The filter press is a liquid- solid separation device which is used to reduce the volume and weight of slurry by separating the liquid filtrate and solid cake. The filter press is opened and cake is discharged by gravity. The dry cake from filter press is subjected to lime stabilization. Lime treatment controls the environment needed for the growth of pathogens in bio-solids and converts sludge into a usable product.
2.8.5 Rainwater Harvesting System
At the project site, use of rainwater recharging will be done through a rain water lagoon. The size of rain water lagoon is about 10,000 sqm to recharge the entire runoff generated from the proposed project. The detailed storm water management plan along with storm water layout has been discussed below in chapter 6 of EMP under section 6.7.
2.8.6 Power Requirement and Supply
Power requirement has been estimated for both construction and operation phases. During construction phase :-Power requirement during the construction phase would be 600 KVA which will be met through DG sets. The power requirement for the operation phase is estimated in terms of the total maximum demand load, which is approximately 2956 kW and will be sourced from State Electricity Board i.e. Maharashtra State Electricity Distribution Co. Ltd . State electricity board shall provide 1 No.33 kV HT power connection for the proposed resort which shall be terminated at the metering room. As per State electricity board norms, metering room shall be located near entrance. HT Isolator shall be provided near metering. 100% backup power will be supplied by 7 Nos. DG sets of 750 kVA (including one DG set standby) capacity. Some critical loads such as emergency lighting, headed equipment of ELV systems etc. shall be additionally backed up using UPS system. HT Metering by the State Electricity Board shall be carried out in the metering room within the premises as per local norms. All electrical equipment and devices shall be suitable for coastal air environment. The fuel consumption for 7 Nos. of DG sets has been calculated to be 1114 L/hr of HSD. The DG sets will be installed with acoustic enclosures and adequate stack height as per the CPCB norms.
TABLE 2.7 : POWER DEMAND OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT S. No Details Value 1 Total demand Load 2956 kW 2 Total Power Back -up 5250 kVA 3 DG Set Configuration 7 Nos. x 750 KVA
2-13 Project Description
Environmental Impact Assessment Report Beach Resort Project, Sindhudurg, Maharashtra
2.8.7 Parking
The project premises will have specialized parking facilities for smooth traffic movement. Surface parking facilities will be provided for visitors and permanent population. The parking provisions are given in Table 2.8.
TABLE 2.8 : PROVIDED PARKING DETAILS S. No Details Parking Provided 1 Surface Parking 206 ECS 2 Bus Parking 2 Nos.
2.8.8 Municipal Solid Waste Management
About 1.3 TPD of MSW will be generated during the operation phase and will be handled as per the Municipal Solid Waste Management & Handling Rules, 2000.
2.8.9 E-Waste Management
The generated e-waste from the proposed development will be stored at a warehouse to be setup within site and will be sent to authorized recyclers or e-waste processing plants for treatment as per E- Waste [Management & Handling] Rules, 2010.
2.8.10 Sewage Sludge
An approximately 2.6 cum /dayof sludge will be generated from the proposed development. The sludge from STP will be used as manure in landscaping.
2.8.11 Landscape Development
The project will be so developed that approximately 1,34,029.04 sqm of area will be developed as green belt development and softscape to mitigate air and noise pollution. The Landscape plan showing the schedule of species for proposed beach resort project is shown in Figure 6.7 under section 6.10.4 of EMP chapter
2.8.12 Energy Conservation Measures
In the Operational Phase, appropriate energy conservation measures & management plan will be adopted in order to minimize the consumptions of non-renewable fuel. The detailed energy conservation plan for the construction and operation phase have been discussed below in Chapter 6 .
2.8.13 Fire Safety Facilities
Proper fire fighting system will be designed as per the provisions of National Building Code (NBC) of India (SP 7: 1983 Part IV Amendment No. 3 of January 1997) and Fire Protection Manual issued by Tariff Advisory Committee and the latest Indian and International standards/codes. The fire protection system will cover the entire internal and external premises of the buildings.
2-14 Project Description
Environmental Impact Assessment Report Beach Resort Project, Sindhudurg, Maharashtra
Following systems are planned to be provided for the building: • Wet riser cum down comer system • Fire hydrants • Automatic fire sprinkler system • Portable Fire Extinguisher The detailed Fire Fighting Management Plan has been discussed below in Chapter 6.
2.8.14 Building Materials and Technologies for Construction
The list of building material which will be used in the construction process of the proposed development area are discussed in Table 2.9.
TABLE 2.9 : CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS TO BE USED FOR PROPOSED PROJECT
Name of Material Quantity Units Concrete 42000 Cum Reinforcement Grade 500 4000 MT Aggregate 20 mm downward 46000 -- Coarse & sand 26000 cum Brickwork 21000 cum
2.8.15 Construction Period & Schedule
The total construction period for the proposed development is approximately 3 years i.e. the commissioning of the project will be at the end of December 2016.
2.8.16 Project Cost
Total cost of the proposed development is Rs. 297.6 crore including cost of land, construction, plant machinery & other.
2-15 Project Description
Environmental Impact Assessment Report Beach Resort Project, Sindhudurg, Maharashtra
CHAPTER 3. LEGAL & ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK
The 1972 United Nations (UN) Conference on Human Development at Stockholm influenced the need for a well-developed legal mechanism to conserve resources, protect the environment and ensure the health and well being of the people in India. Over the years, the Government of India has framed several policies and promulgated number of Acts, Rules and Notifications aimed at management and protection of the environment. As a result, our country now has a fairly comprehensive set of environmental legislation aimed at ensuring that the development process meets the overall objective of promoting sustainability in the long run. Moreover, the Indian Constitution has also incorporated specific articles to address environmental concerns through the 42nd Constitutional Amendment of 1976. As stated in the Constitution of India, it is the duty of the state (Article 48 A) to ‘protect and improve the environment and to safeguard the forests and wildlife of the country’ . It imposes a duty on every citizen (Article 51 A) ‘to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wildlife’. Reference to the environment has also been made in the Directive Principles of State Policy as well as the Fundamental Rights.
3.1 ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES Several environment policy statements have been formulated in the last few decades as a part of the Government’s approach to integrate environmental and developmental aspects of planning. The policies reflect a gradual shift in emphasis from pollution abatement and control to proactive and voluntary approaches for pollution prevention in keeping with global paradigm shifts and trends in environment management. Following are some of the key policies that have been laid down by the Central Government: • National Forest Policy, 1988; • National Conservation Strategy and Policy Statement on Environment and Development, 1992; • Policy Statement on Abatement of Pollution, 1992. • National Environmental policy, 2006
Despite these policy documents, a need for a comprehensive policy statement had been evident for some time in order to infuse a common approach to the various sectoral and cross-sectoral, approaches to environmental management. As a result, a National Environment Policy (NEP, 2006) has been drawn up as a response to our national commitment to a clean environment, mandated in the Constitution in Articles 48 A and 51 A (g), strengthened by judicial interpretation of Article 21. The policy is still in draft form and addresses environmental concerns in all-developmental activities.
3.2 LEGAL PROVISIONS FOR ENVIRONMENT RELATED TO BUILDING AND CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS The proposed project is governed by various Acts, Rules and Regulations set by Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) at the Central level and other regulatory agencies at the State and local level. Various environmental standards, specifications and guidelines of Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) and State level agencies will also be applicable. It is important to note that the Central government framed an ‘umbrella legislation’, called the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 to broadly encompass and regulate an array of environmental
3-16 Legal & Administrative Framework Environmental Impact Assessment Report Beach Resort Project, Sindhudurg, Maharashtra issues. The overall purpose of EPA is to establish an overall coherent policy and provide a basis for the coordinated work of various government agencies with operational responsibility for the environment and natural resources. This legislation also invests authorities with regulatory powers to address specific issues affecting the environment. The Act does not allow any person to establish an industry, operation or process that discharges or emits any environmental pollutants in excess of standards prescribed under specific rules and notifications.
3.2.1 Ministry of Environment & Forests
In view of the growing importance of environmental affairs, the Government of India set up a Department of Environment in November 1980 under the portfolio of the Prime Minister. The Department, later renamed as the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) plays a pivotal role in environmental management for sustained development and for all environmental matters in the country. The major responsibilities of MoEF include: • Environmental resource conservation and protection, including environmental impact assessment of developmental projects; • Co-ordination with the other ministries and agencies, voluntary organizations and professional bodies on environmental action plans; • Policy-planning; • Promotion of research and development, manpower planning and training and creation of environmental awareness; • Liaison and coordination with international agencies involved in environmental matters.
Developmental project proponents are also required to submit Environmental Impact Statements/Assessments to establish that installing adequate pollution control and monitoring equipment plan preventive measures, and that effluent discharged into the environment will not exceed permissible levels. The MoEF appraises these statements/assessments and approves the project from the environmental angle. The respective State Pollution Control Board is to give a No Objection Certificate (NOC) before the EIA exercise is undertaken.
3.2.2 Maharashtra State Pollution Control Boards
The proposed project is located in Sindhudurg district of Maharashtra. Maharashtra Pollution Control Board (MPCB) is implementing various environmental legislations in the state of Maharashtra, mainly including Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981, Water (Cess) Act, 1977 and some of the provisions under Environmental (Protection) Act, 1986 and the rules framed there under like, Biomedical Waste (M&H) Rules, 1998, Hazardous Waste (M&H) Rules, 2000, Municipal Solid Waste Rules, 2000 etc. MPCB is functioning under the administrative control of Environment Department of Government of Maharashtra. Some of the important functions of MPCB are: • To plan comprehensive program for the prevention, control or abatement of pollution and secure executions thereof • To collect and disseminate information relating to pollution and the prevention, control or abatement thereof,
3-17 Legal & Administrative Framework Environmental Impact Assessment Report Beach Resort Project, Sindhudurg, Maharashtra
• To inspect sewage or trade effluent treatment and disposal facilities, and air pollution control systems and to review plans, specification or any other data relating to the treatment plants, disposal systems and air pollution control systems in connection with the consent granted, • Supporting and encouraging the developments in the fields of pollution control, waste recycle reuse, eco-friendly practices etc. • To educate and guide the entrepreneurs in improving environment by suggesting appropriate pollution control technologies and techniques • Creation of public awareness about the clean and healthy environment and attending the public complaints regarding pollution.
3.2.3 Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC)
Commercial building sector in India is expanding rapidly at over 9% per year spurred largely by the strong growth in the services sector. Electricity consumption in the commercial sector in India at present accounts for about 8% of the total electricity supplied by the Electricity Utilities, and has been growing annually at about 11-12%. This is mainly attributed to the increasing energy intensiveness of newly constructed commercial buildings; Several studies in the country have shown that energy efficiency is not getting adequate attention when the new buildings are designed. Incorporation of energy efficiency provisions at the design stage of the new buildings is critical and so will be made mandatory by Ministry of Power by 2012 for all new buildings.– Better to be proactive than keeping in view the Energy Conservation Act 2001 (EC Act), Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) with technical support from USAID under its Energy Conservation and Commercialization (ECO) Project, has developed Energy Conservation Building Codes (ECBC) Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC) ECBC, considering five climatic zones in India, sets the minimum energy performance standards for large commercial buildings that have a connected load of 500 kW or greater or a contract demand of 600 k VA or more, having conditioned area of 1000 sq. m. or more. Annual energy consumption in the conditioned commercial buildings in the country is estimated to be about 200 kWh or more per sq. m of floor area. Electricity consumption in ECBC compliant buildings can be brought down to 120- 160 kWh per sq. m., showing energy saving potential of 20- 40 % depending on the hours of building use during the day, climatic conditions, etc. Ministry of Power, Government of India launched ECBC 2007 on 27 May 2007 for its implementation in commercial buildings on voluntary basis all over India, with a view to make this mandatory in the next couple of years depending upon the experience gained during the voluntary period. ECBC encourages energy efficiency for all building components and systems such as building envelope, lighting, heating ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC), service water heating, and electric power and motors within the building facilities, while enhancing the thermal and visual comforts and productivity of the occupants ECBC mandates/prescribes U-factor and R values of insulation assembly for five climatic zones in India, Solar Heat Gain Coefficients and Visible Light Transmission levels for fenestration, energy efficiency levels of air conditioning systems, and number of other parameters for ECBC compliance in commercial buildings. In this context, good understanding of ECBC features and application of several developed products and technologies could play an important role in improving energy efficiency in the buildings, leading to energy cost savings for the building owners/users.
3-18 Legal & Administrative Framework Environmental Impact Assessment Report Beach Resort Project, Sindhudurg, Maharashtra
The Acts, Rules and Notifications applicable to environmental aspects of the construction and operational phase of proposed project is summarized in Table 3.1 and briefly described in the following sections.
TABLE 3.1 SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION CONCERNING PROPOSED PROJECT
Legislation Areas / Activities Covered Overall Environment Protection Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 Compliance to environmental (Air, Water, Noise) Standards with Rules. issued under EPR Building Construction Projects Filling up of Form I and Form 1A for projects with ≥20000 EIA Notification, 2006 in supersession sq.m and <1,50,000 sq.m. of built-up area for construction of 1994 notification projects.
Coastal Regulation Zone Notification, 1991 and subsequent CRZ Notification amendments Protection of Air Quality Consent to Establish (CTE) for establishing and Consent to Air (Prevention and Control of Operate (CTO) for operating units/activities causing air Pollution) Act, 1981 with Rules. pollution like DG sets from SPCB Compliance to National Ambient Air Quality Standard Protection of Water Quality Discharge of sewage from the site Water (Prevention and Control of Obtaining Consent to Establish (NOC) for establishing and Pollution) Act, 1974 with Rules. Consent to Operate (CTO) for operating units/activities causing water pollution from SPCB Paying Wa ter Cess to Local Body for sourcing of domestic Water Cess Act, 1977 water Noise Pollution (Regulation and Compliance with Ambient Noise Standards in accordance to Control) Rules, 2010, as amended land use of the area Obtaining Authorization from SPCB for handling and Hazardous Waste (Management, storing of hazardous waste like waste oil and lubricants. Handling and Transboundary Following guidance for handling and storing of such movement) Rules, 2009 (as amended) hazardous waste Notifying regulatory authority (in this case, the State Factories Inspectorate) of storage of hazardous substances Manufacture, Storage and Import of like LPG Hazardous Chemicals Rules, 2000 (as Follow guidance on such storage, maintain updated MSDS, amended) submit annual Safety Report to authority Prepare Onsite Emergency Plan Lay down restrictions for vehicles not having Pollution Motor Vehicles Act with Rules Under Control Certificate (PUCC) or proper labeling to enter premises
Comply with guidance and safety measu res for storage, and Petroleum Act with Rules 2000 transportation of petroleum substances within project area
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Legislation Areas / Activities Covered premises Municipal Solid Waste (Management Management (Collection, Handling, Intermediate Storage) and Handling) Rules, 2000 of domestic waste from residences Conform to restriction for drawing of groundwater State Groundwater Regulation Arrange for recharge through Rainwater Harvesting Schemes (as applicable) Follow Siting Guidance as far as practicable Siting Guidance Avoid sites which are environmentally sensitive
3.3 SITING OF PROJECTS The siting of developmental projects in India is managed by Siting Guidelines for activities and projects delineated by the MoEF and the CPCB. The overall purpose of the guideline is to aid proponents in judiciously selecting project sites, keeping in mind various environmental sensitivities. However, the guidelines for siting are not legally enforceable except for areas which are ecologically fragile (as notified by certain specific notifications) or are located in the Coastal Regulation Zone as demarcated by the Coastal Regulation Zone Notification, 1991 and subsequent amendments. Additionally, State Governments sometimes formulate State wide siting guidelines for development planning. As per the CRZ Notification, guidelines for development of beach resorts or hotels in the designated areas of CRZ-III for occupation of tourist or visitors with prior approval of the Ministry of Environment and Forests are discussed below: I. Construction of beach resorts or hotels with prior approval of MoEF in designated areas of CRZ- III for occupation of tourist or visitors shall be subject to the following conditions, namely:- (a) The project proponent shall not undertake any construction within 200 metres in the landward side of High Tide Line and within the area between Low Tide Line and High Tide Line; (b) The proposed constructions shall be beyond the hazard line or 200mts from the High Tide Line whichever is more; (c) Live fencing and barbed wire fencing with vegetative cover may be allowed around private properties subject to the condition that such fencing shall in no way hamper public access to the beach; (d) No flattening of sand dunes shall be carried out; (e) No permanent structures for sports facilities shall be permitted except construction of goal posts, net posts and lamp posts; (f) Construction of basement may be allowed subject to the condition that no objection certification is obtained from the State Ground Water Authority to the effect that such construction will not adversely affect fee flow of groundwater in that area; (g) The State Ground Water Authority shall take into consideration the guidelines issued by Central Government before granting such no objection certificate;
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(h) Though no construction is allowed in the no development zone for the purposes of calculation of Floor Space Index, the area of entire plot including the portion which falls within the no development zone shall be taken into account; (i) The total plot size shall not be less than 0.4 hectares and the total covered area on all floors shall not exceed 33 percent of the plot size i.e., the Floor Space Index shall not exceed 0.33 and the open area shall be suitably landscaped with appropriate vegetal cover; (j) The construction shall be consistent with the surrounding landscape and local architectural style; (k) The overall height of construction upto the highest ridge of the roof, shall not exceed 9 metres and the construction shall not be more than two floors (ground floor plus one upper floor); (l) Groundwater shall not be tapped within 200metre of the High Tide Line; within the 200metre 500metre zone it can be tapped only with the concurrence of the Central or State Ground Water Board; (m) Extraction of sand, leveling or digging of sandy stretches except for structural foundation of building, swimming pool shall not be permitted within 500metres of the High Tide Line; the quality of treated effluents, solid wastes, emissions and noise levels and the like, from the project area must conform to the standards laid down by the competent authorities including the Central or State Pollution Control Board and under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986; (o) Necessary arrangements for the treatment of the effluents and solid wastes must be made and it must be ensured that the untreated effluents and solid wastes are not discharged into the water or on the beach; and no effluent or solid waste shall be discharged on the beach; (p) To allow public access to the beach, atleast a gap of 20metres width shall be provided between any two hotels or beach resorts; and in no case shall gaps be less than 500metres apart; and (q) If the project involves diversion of forestland for non-forest purposes, clearance as required under the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 shall be obtained and the requirements of other Central and State laws as applicable to the project shall be met with; and (r) Approval of the State or Union territory Tourism Department shall be obtained. II. In ecologically sensitive areas (such as marine parks, mangroves, coral reefs, breeding and spawning grounds of fish, wildlife habitats and such other area as may be notified by the Central or State Government Union territories) construction of beach resorts or hotels shall not be permitted.
3.3.1 Environmental Clearance of Developmental Projects
The requirement involved in the setting up of select development projects (projects with potential to cause significant environmental impacts) in India is through the Environmental Clearance (EC) Process affected on the basis of an Environmental Impact Assessment study/filling up of necessary forms. The EC process is mandated by the EIA notification dated September 14, 2006 and is administered by the State level regulatory and government bodies (as the State Pollution Control Board and the Environment Departments) and the Ministry of Environment and Forests (until formation of committee as mandated by EIA notification of September 14, 2006) at the Central Government level.
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The following projects or activities shall require prior environmental clearance from the concerned regulatory authority, which shall hereinafter referred to be as the Central Government in the Ministry of Environment and Forests for matters falling under Category ‘A’ in the Schedule and at State level the State Environment Impact Assessment Authority (SEIAA) for matters falling under Category ‘B’ in the said Schedule, before any construction work, or preparation of land by the project management except for securing the land, is started on the project or activity: 1. All new projects or activities listed in the Schedule to this notification 2. Expansion and modernization of existing projects or activities listed in the Schedule to this notification with addition of capacity beyond the limits specified for the concerned sector, that is, projects or activities which cross the threshold limits given in the Schedule, after expansion or modernization 3. Any change in product - mix in an existing manufacturing unit included in Schedule beyond the specified range. Building /Construction projects/Area Development projects and Townships projects have been categorized under Item 8 of the Schedule. 8 (a) Any building and construction projects with area 20000 sq.mtrs and <1,50,000 sq.mtrs. of built-up area would require filling up of Form I and Form IA. 8 (b) Any Townships and Area Development projects Covering an area ≥ 50 ha and or built up area ≥1,50,000 sq .mtrs would require Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study apart from Form I and Form IA. As per the above categorization of developmental projects, the proposed project falls in 8(a) category and do not require the EIA study, but is falling in CRZ area, and therefore require the detailed EIA report for obtaining CRZ clearance. The Consent to Establish (also termed as the No Objection Certificate or NOC) under the Air and Water Acts would be an independent work.
3.1 COASTAL REGULATION ZONE (CRZ) NOTIFICATION (AMENDED IN 2011) As per the CRZ Notification of MoEF, under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 (29 of 1986), the Central Government, with a view to ensure livelihood security to the fisher communities and other local communities, living in the coastal areas, to conserve and protect coastal stretches, its unique environment and its marine area and to promote development through sustainable manner based on scientific principles taking into account the dangers of natural hazards in the coastal areas, sea level rise due to global warming, does hereby, declare the coastal stretches of the country and the water area upto its territorial water limit, excluding the islands of Andaman and Nicobar and Lakshadweep and the marine areas surrounding these islands upto its territorial limit, as Coastal Regulation Zone (hereinafter referred to as the CRZ) and restricts the setting up and expansion of any industry, operations or processes and manufacture or handling or storage or disposal of hazardous substances as specified in the Hazardous Substances (Handling, Management and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2009 in the aforesaid CRZ. The proposed project is lying in CRZ -III category of coastal area , according to which theses areas are relatively undisturbed and do not belong to either CRZ-I or II which include coastal zone in the rural areas (developed and undeveloped) and also areas within municipal limits or in other legally designated urban areas, which are not substantially built up.
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3.2 USAGE OF WATER & WATER POLLUTION The use of water resources and the discharge of polluted water (sewerage) are primarily regulated by the Water Cess Act, 1977 and the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974. The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution), Cess Act, 1977 including Rules 1978 and 1991 provides for levy and collection of Cess on water consumed by the local authorities and by persons carrying on certain industries with a view to generate resources for prevention and control of water pollution. It also covers specifications on afixing of meters, furnishing of returns, assessment of Cess, interest payable for delay in payment of Cess and penalties for non-payment of Cess within the specified time. The project will fall under the Act only if they source water from water supply schemes of urban municipalities and corporations and these bodies levy such cess as some form of water tax to the proposed project. The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution), Act, 1974 including Rules, 1975 (as amended up to 1988) provides for the prevention and control of water pollution and maintaining or restoring good water quality for any establishment. The Act assigns functions and powers to the CPCB and SPCBs for prevention and control of water pollution and all related matters. The Environment (Protection) Rules under the EPA also lays down specific standards for quality of water effluents to be discharged into different type of water bodies (sewers, surface water bodies like lakes and rivers, marine discharge). The standards are presented in Annexure 3.1. Of late, with rapid depletion of groundwater resources in several areas of the country, efforts have been initiated to regulate the use of groundwater resources. The focus of such acts and rules (many are which are still in draft form) is to provide for mechanisms that would lead to replenishment of groundwater reserves through techniques like ground water recharging. Although in this case, project site is located just near the seashore and water table in the area is already high , therefore do not require ground water recharge.
3.3 AIR QUALITY The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 including Rules 1982 and 1983 was enacted to prevent, control and reduce air and noise pollution. According to Section 21 of the Act, no person shall establish or operate any activity, which can cause air pollution without obtaining Consent to Establish (CTE) as per the Air Act.
The Act also lays down national ambient air quality standards for common pollutants like PM 2.5 ,
PM 10 , Sulphur dioxide (SO 2), Oxides of Nitrogen (NO x), Carbon monoxide (CO) and Lead (Pb) with the intent of managing air quality for different category of areas (residential, industrial and sensitive). The EPR also specifies source emission standards determined on the basis of the impact of pollutants on human health, vegetation and property for activities, which can pollute the air. The project would not contribute much to air pollution, The relevant standards are presented in Annexure 3.2. The SPCBs, on a case to basis, can also make the emission standards more stringent on the considerations of the carrying capacity of a specific air shed and the existing pollution levels of ambient air quality. It may be noted that normally the CTE for the Air and Water Act is provided in the form of a No Objection Certificate (NOC) to the project proponent when the project falls under the 32 categories of activities covered by the EIA notification.
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3.4 NOISE LEVEL With the objective of regulating ambient noise level in the environment, the Central Government has notified the Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, dated 26 th December 1989 and amended in February 14, 2000 under the EPA. The noise standards for different category of areas is based on the “A” weighted equivalent noise level (L eq ) are as presented in Annexure 3.3. Noise standards in the work environment (would be relevant for construction phase of the project) are specified by Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA, USA), which in turn are being enforced by Government of India through model rules framed under the Factories Act and Rules. The EPR also lays down equipment specific noise emission standards for Air conditioners and Construction Equipment, which would be in use for the proposed project. Specific standards for control of noise from traffic and other sources and measures to be taken for reduction of noise by using acoustic treatment, exhaust muffler have also been specified through the Environment (Protection) Second Amendment Rules, 2002 notified through notification GSR 371 (E) on 17 th May, 2002.
3.5 SOLID AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT A monitoring committee , would be responsible for collection and handling of domestic solid waste to an approved waste disposal site as per the provisions of the Municipal Solid Waste Rules, 2000. The following provisions would apply to the project: Organize collection of municipal solid wastes through any of the methods, like collection on regular pre-informed timings and scheduling. Ensure that any hazardous wastes are not mixed with municipal solid wastes and that such wastes follow the rules of Hazardous Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 2003 separately specified for the purpose; Separately collect and dispose horticultural, construction and demolition waste in accordance with local legislation, bylaws or directives issued by the authorities concerned. Establish storage facilities by taking into account quantities of waste generation in the resort and locate them in such a way that it is accessible to the residents. Ensure that such storage facilities are aesthetically acceptable and user-friendly and designed in a way that wastes stored are not exposed. The storage facilities or ‘bins’ should also be of ‘easy to operate’ design for handling, transfer and transportation of waste. Bins for storage of biodegradable wastes shall be painted green, those for storage of recyclable wastes shall be printed white and those for storage of other wastes shall be printed black. Manual handling of waste shall be prohibited. If unavoidable due to constraints, manual handling shall be carried out under proper precaution with due care for safety of workers
The Hazardous Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000 require facilities to classify wastes into categories, manage them as per the prescribed guidelines and obtain prior authorization from the SPCB for handling, treatment, storage and disposal of Hazardous Wastes. The project has the potential to generate hazardous waste during its construction and operational phases and such waste generation should be properly monitored and managed. The following kinds of hazardous waste may be generated from the construction phase of the project: Spent oil and lubricants from construction equipments; Paint residues during the painting of the buildings; Asbestos Contaminated Material (ACM) generated from dismantling of temporary housing for construction workers.
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3.6 CENTRAL GROUND WATER AUTHORITY (CGWA) NOTIFICATION The Central Government constituted the Central Ground Water Authority vide notification of the Government of India in the Ministry of Environment and Forests vide Number S.O. 38 (E) dated the 14th January, 1997, as amended from time to time, for the purposes of regulation and control of ground water development and management in the whole of India. The Authority in exercise of its powers and performance of its functions under section 5 of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 (No. 29 of 1986) is empowered to issue directions in writing to any person, officer or any Authority and such person, officer or authority shall be bound to comply with such directions. As per the details available by Central Ground Water Authority (CGWA) report on the ground water resource estimation in the year 2009 (Source:-CGWB, Sindhudurg), all the talukas of Sindhudurg district fall under “Safe” category
3.7 OPERATION OF MOTOR VEHICLES The Central Motor Vehicle Act (MVA) and Rules, 1989 (MVR) prescribe that vehicles falling in the category of transport vehicles (buses, trucks, taxis and auto rickshaws) undergo an annual fitness certification. The motor vehicle inspectors attached to the State Transport Department generally carry out this function. Additionally, vehicle owners also have to obtain Pollution under Check Certificate (PUCC) from a recognized testing center and display it on their vehicles. Additionally, to address the problem of risk associated with transportation of hazardous substances by road and the consequences of transportation emergencies, should they arise, provisions have been laid down in the MVR. Accordingly, any road carriage involved with the transportation of hazardous goods which can be harmful to human life or which can possibly cause damage to the environment in case of accidents and spillage shall have to comply with the labeling requirements and safety guidance specified in the MVR.
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CHAPTER 4. BASELINE ENVIRONMENT STATUS
M/s. Elite Township Pvt. Ltd. intends to develop a Beach Resort at Sagartirth encompassing three villages Sagartirth, Tank & Temb in Taluka Vengurla, Sindhudurg District in Maharashtra. The proposed project comprises of a resort comprised of guest rooms, suites, villas, public areas and amenities. The entire complex would be developed in an area of 219,084 m 2, which comprises of a resort including guest rooms, suites, villas, public areas and amenities. The total built-up area is approximately 61,926.22 m2. As mentioned above that the M/s Elite Townships Pvt. Ltd. is planning to develop a Beach Resort Project on the above said area for which Environmental Impact Assessment will be carried out. This baseline study is part of the same. Nearest big towns are Vengurla and Sawantwadi. The site is adjoining the beach and is mainly an orchard of Coconut and Cashew. The Site is approachable by SH4 Vengurla-Shiroda Road. The site is located to the south of Vengurla town and south west of Sawantwadi. The site is spread over an area of 54.13 acres. The guiding factors for the present baseline study are the MoEF’s requirements for the Environmental Impact Assessment notification and local regulations and directives. The primary study area for the proposed development is within a radius of 3-5 km from the center of the development site since most of the potential impacts are most likely to occur within this area. The baseline study and primary data collection was carried out in the winter (14 th Febuary to 15 th March) season of year 2012. 4.1.1 Land Environment
Landuse and Landcover The land-use and land-cover of the study area has been interpreted from the satellite data, route survey maps of the area, and subsequently by ground checking during field surveys. The land uses within 10 km radius from the project site has been studied and presented in the Table 4.1. The land use in the study area characterized by i)..Residential ii). Industrial iii). Open Scrub iv). Transportation v). Water Bodies vi). Sea vii). Beach viii). Tree Cover ix). Agricultural Land
TABLE 4.1: LANDUSE WITHIN 10 KM FROM THE PROJECT SITE Sl. No. Landuse Type Percentage 1. Residential 01.76 2. Industrial Area 00.43 3. Open Scrub 13.62 4. Transportation 00.82 5. Water Bodies 02.82 6. Sea 45.43 7. Beach 00.37 8. Tree Cover 21.35 9. Agriculture land 13 .40
The land use map for the proposed project site is enclosed as Annexure 4.1.
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4.2 AIR ENVIRONMENT
4.2.1 Meteorology
Meteorology In order to assess the meteorology of the region, long term secondary information on meteorological conditions has been collected from IMD station at Vengurla taluka of Sindhudurg district, Maharashtra and analyzed. The data for mean maximum and minimum temperature, rainfall, relative humidity, mean wind speed and wind direction for the year 1951-1980 have been collected from IMD climatological Table of Observation in India and is being presented in Table 4.2.
TABLE 4.2: CLIMATOLOGICAL TABLE OF VENGURLA TALUKA
Month Monthly Monthly Total Relative Mean Wind Wind Mean max. Mean min. Rainfall Humidity Speed Direction temp. ( °°°C) temp. ( °°°C) (mm) (%) (km/h)
Year (1951-1980) January 34.5 14.7 0.2 77 5.7 N February 35.4 15.5 0.2 78 5.9 N March 35.6 18.0 1.0 77 6.7 N April 35.0 21.1 4.9 73 7.3 N May 34.7 22.8 103.4 74 9.3 N June 33.3 22.1 919.1 87 7.9 W July 30.6 22.1 1059.7 89 10.4 W August 30.1 22.2 571.4 90 8.9 W September 31.2 21.9 300.8 90 5.8 W October 34.4 19.9 117.1 86 4.9 N November 35.2 17.0 39.4 77 4.6 N December 35.0 15.2 19.6 75 4.7 N
Temperature: Summer season is from March to May. The mean max. temperature during summer varies from 35.6 0C to 34.7 0C. December to January constitutes the winter season and mean min temperatures vary from max. of 15.2 0C to a min. of 14.7 0C. The monsoon session continues from June to September. The Post-monsoon period extends from October to November. The data for ambient temperature recorded at Vengula IMD Station is presented in Table 4.2.
Rainfall Rainfall in Vengurla city is maximum (1059.7 mm) in the month of July and minimum (0.2 mm) in the month of January and February. Total annual rainfall of the Vengurla Taluka is 3136.8 mm.
Humidity The average relative humidity values varied from the lowest of 73 % in the month of April to the highest of 90% during August and September.
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Wind Speed and Direction The mean wind speed is recorded to be 6.84 km/hr. Apart from this, as per the climatological data for the year 1951-1980 , wind rose pattern for Vengurla Taluka is recorded to be in North direction. Climatic parameters like rainfall, temperature, cloud cover, relative humidity, wind speed and wind direction of the Sindhudurg district for 5 days (from the date 5 th to 9 th June, 2013) has been found from secondary source Indian Meteorological department (IMD) and is discussed below in Table 4.3
TABLE 4.3 CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA
Day1 Day2 Day3 Day4 Day 5 Parameters 05/06/2013 06/06/2013 07/06/2013 08/06/2013 09/06/2013 Rainfall 20 5 21 57 65 Max Temperature (degree C) 31 32 32 30 30 Min Temperatur e (degree C) 25 26 27 26 26 Total Cloud Cover (octa) 7 7 8 7 8 Max Relative Humidity(%) 88 85 87 87 87 Min Relative Humidity (%) 65 59 64 68 66 Wind Speed (kmph) 005 009 013 008 011 Wind Direction (degree) 238 297 276 230 211
Primary baseline monitoring was carried out as per the standard methodologies and accepted protocols as detailed by the MoEF. Air quality was monitored with high volume samplers for 24 hours, twice a week for one month. Each sampler was maintained at volumetric flow rate ranging between 1-1.2 m 3/min. Analysis of pollutants was done as per standard IS code methods. A site–specific background air quality monitoring program was conducted near the proposed project site in the winter (14 th Febuary to 15 th March) season of 2012. Background data was collected for
PM 2.5 , PM 10 , SO 2, NOx ,& CO. Five sampling stations were located within a region of 3 km from the site, so as to cover the overall air quality status of the region. Also, project emissions are not likely to have significant impacts beyond such a distance. For selection of the monitoring locations, long-term meteorological trends were taken into consideration to obtain the predominant wind direction during the sampling period. In this manner, three air quality monitor stations AQ2, AQ3 and AQ5 were placed in crosswind, downwind direction, AQ4 in the upwind and AQ1 at the site. Monitors were placed at sensitive receptors (i.e. nearby residential area), where safety and power were available. Monitors were placed on one-storey dwellings and away from major roads and nearby flow obstructions (i.e. trees). The monitoring locations are specified in Annexure 4.2 and Table 4.4 .
TABLE 4.4 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING LOCATIONS
Location Name of the location Approximate distance to Site Upwind/ Downwind from site AQ1 Project Site -- -- AQ2 Mochemad 2.2 KM Crosswind AQ3 Nhaichiaad 2.3 KM Crosswind AQ4 Shiroda 2.5 KM Upwind
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Location Name of the location Approximate distance to Site Upwind/ Downwind from site AQ5 Velagar 1 KM Downwind
Monitoring results (observed levels and ranges) of PM 2.5 , PM 10 , SO 2, NOx, O 3, CO, Pb, As Ni and
NH 3 are presented in the Table 4.5 to Table 4.9.
TABLE 4.5 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY RESULTS AQ1- PROJECT SITE PM PM SO NOx CO AQ1 10 2.5 2 (µg/m 3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) Max 36.1 11.4 9.6 16.1 1298 Min 26.2 7.8 8.1 14.2 1012 Arithmetic Mean 31.0 9.1 8.8 15.4 1171 NAAQS 100 60 80 80 2000
TABLE 4.6 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY RESULTS AQ2- MOCHEMAD VILLAGE PM PM SO NOx CO AQ2 10 2.5 2 (µg/m 3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) Max 39.8 9.3 9.4 16.8 1248 Min 26.7 7.7 7.7 12.8 1069 Arithmetic Mean 35.5 8.4 8.4 14.8 1110 NAAQS 100 60 80 80 2000
TABLE 4.7 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY RESULTS AQ3- NAICHIAAD VILLAGE PM PM SO NOx CO AQ3 10 2.5 2 (µg/m 3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) Max 28.0 9.1 8.4 15.8 1103 Min 22.9 6.7 7.2 13.3 976 Arithmetic Mean 26.4 7.9 7.8 14.3 1027 NAAQS 100 60 80 80 2000
TABLE 4.8 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY RESULTS AQ4- SHIRODA VILLAGE PM PM SO NOx CO AQ4 10 2.5 2 (µg/m 3) (µg/m 3) (µg/m 3) (µg/m 3) (µg/m 3) Max 42.8 12.9 11.1 19.7 1364 Min 38.3 11.2 9.0 15.0 1044 Arithmetic Mean 40.5 12.1 9.8 17.3 1202 NAAQS 100 60 80 80 2000
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TABLE 4.9 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY RESULTS AQ5- VELAGAR VILLAGE PM PM SO NOx CO AQ5 10 2.5 2 (µg/m 3) (µg/m 3) (µg/m 3) (µg/m 3) (µg/m 3) Max 31.5 9.7 9.9 17.6 1192 Min 27.5 7.9 8.0 13.4 931 Arithmetic Mean 29.8 8.7 8.8 15.5 1059 NAAQS 100 60 80 80 2000 With respect to pollutants, the results of the monitoring program indicate the average observed concentration of PM 10 , PM 2.5 , NOx, SO 2, & CO, is within NAAQS for industrial, residential, rural and other areas at all the identified locations. The details of each parameter are described below. With compare to NAAQS for residential /rural and other habitable Areas.
PM 10 – Average PM 10 levels at all the locations in the study area are below the NAAQS standards. The maximum levels are observed at AQ4. The results are given in Table 4.10. Graphical representation of PM 10 levels is shown in Figure 4.1.
TABLE 4.10 BASELINE AIR QUALITY – PM 10 3 Monitoring Results –PM 10 (µg/m ) Location Maximum Minimum Arithmetic Mean Area Designation NAAQS AQ1 36.1 26.2 31.0 Rural 100 AQ2 39.8 26.7 35.5 Rural 100 AQ3 28.0 22.9 26.4 Rural 100 AQ4 42.8 38.3 40.5 Rural 100 AQ5 31.5 27.5 29.8 Rural 100
FIGURE 4.1 PM 10 LEVEL COMPARISON AT 5 LOCATIONS
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PM 2.5 – Average PM 2.5 levels at all the locations in the study area are below the NAAQS standards. The maximum levels are observed at AQ4. The baseline monitoring results are given in Table 4.11
Graphical representation of PM 2.5 levels is shown in Figure 4.2.
TABLE 4.11 BASELINE AIR QUALITY – PM 2.5 3 Monitoring Results- PM 2.5 (µg/m ) Arithmetic Area Location Maximum Minimum NAAQS Mean Designation AQ1 11.4 7.8 9.1 Rural 60 AQ2 9.3 7.7 8.4 Rural 60 AQ3 9.1 6.7 7.9 Rural 60 AQ4 12.9 11.2 12.1 Rural 60 AQ5 9.7 7.9 8.7 Rural 60
FIGURE 4.2 PM 2.5 LEVEL COMPARISON AT 5 LOCATIONS
SO 2 – The SO 2 levels at all the locations were found to be well within the NAAQS standards. 3 Maximum SO 2 concentration of 11.1 µg/m was recorded at AQ4. The baseline monitoring results are given in Table 4.12 . Graphical representation of SO 2 levels is shown in Figure 4.3.
TABLE 4.12 BASELINE AIR QUALITY – SO 2 3 Monitoring Results –SO 2 (µg/m ) Location Maximum Minimum Arithmetic Mean Area Designation NAAQS AQ1 9.6 8.1 8.8 Rural 80 AQ2 9.4 7.7 8.4 Rural 80 AQ3 8.4 7.2 7.8 Rural 80 AQ4 11.1 9.0 9.8 Rural 80 AQ5 9.9 8.0 8.8 Rural 80
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FIGURE 4.3 SO 2 LEVEL COMPARISONS AT 5 LOCATIONS
NOx – Pollution level of NOx is low in the region and confirms the NAAQS standards at all locations during the entire monitoring period. Highest NOx levels were reported at AQ4. The baseline monitoring results are given in Table 4.13. Graphical representation of NO x levels is shown in Figure 4.4.
TABLE 4.13 BASELINE AIR QUALITY –NO X 3 Monitoring Results- NO X (µg/m ) Arithmetic Area Location Maximum Minimum NAAQS Mean Designation AQ1 16.1 14.2 15.4 Rural 80 AQ2 16.8 12.8 14.8 Rural 80 AQ3 15.8 13.3 14.3 Rural 80 AQ4 19.7 15.0 17.3 Rural 80 AQ5 17.6 13.4 15.5 Rural 80
FIGURE 4.4 NO X LEVEL COMPARISON AT 5 LOCATIONS
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CO – The average results at all sites were well within the prescribed NAAQS standards. The baseline monitoring results are given in Table 4.14. Graphical representation of CO levels is shown in Figure 4.5.
TABLE 4.14 BASELINE AIR QUALITY – CO Monitoring Results CO (µg/m 3) Arithmetic Area Location Maximum Minimum NAAQS Mean Designation AQ1 1298 1012 1171 Rural 2000 AQ2 1248 1069 1110 Rural 2000 AQ3 1103 976 1027 Rural 2000 AQ4 1364 1044 1202 Rural 2000 AQ5 1192 931 1059 Rural 2000
FIGURE 4.5 CO LEVEL COMPARISON AT 5 LOCATIONS
4.3 NOISE ENVIRONMENT An assessment of baseline noise quality was undertaken to (a) establish the status of exposure, and (b) identify the noise pollution levels of the proposed road. This assessment was accomplished by conducting a site–specific background–monitoring program where appropriate, site–specific data were compared to the applicable Ambient Air Quality Standards in Respect of Noise (AAQSRN). The background-monitoring program was done in accordance with the requirements of an EIA study. Sound pressure level (SPL) measurements were automatically recorded to give the noise level for every hour continuously for 24 hours. Accordingly data was collected at the monitoring locations and given in Table 4.15 .
TABLE 4.15 NOISE MONITORING LOCATIONS Monitoring Station Description of Location Distance to Site (km) NQ1 Project Site 0 NQ2 Saraswati Vidhyalaya , 0.2 NQ3 Sagartirath beach road (Bhakarwadi) 0.3
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Table 4.16 provides equivalent noise levels viz ., L eqday , at the noise monitoring locations, alongside noise standards as prescribed by the CPCB ( Table 4.17 ).
Leq calculation is based on following equation:
n Li 10 Leq ,T = 10 log /1 n∑10 i=1
Where, L i = levels observed at n equally spaced times during interval T.
TABLE 4.16 MONITORING RESULTS – NOISE Day Time Night Time Location Leq [dB(A)] Limit [dB(A)] Leq [dB(A)] Limit [dB(A)] NQ1 52.3 55 44.4 45 NQ2 56.4 55 41.2 45 NQ3 57.9 55 47.1 45
TABLE 4.17 AMBIANT NOISE QUALITY STANDARDS Category of Area/Zone Limits in dB(A) Leq Area Code Day Time Night Time (A) Industrial area 75 70 (B) Commercial area 65 55 (C) Residential area 55 45 (D) Silence Zone 50 40 1. Daytime shall mean from 6.00 a.m. to 10.00 p.m. 2. Nighttime shall mean from 10.00 p.m. to 6.00 a.m. 3. Silence zone is defined as an area comprising not less than 100 meters around hospitals, educational institutions and courts. The silence zones are zones, which are declared as such by the competent authority. 4. Mixed categories of areas may be declared as one of the four above-mentioned categories by the competent authority. The results of the monitoring program indicates that the levels of noise were below the prescribed AAQSRN standards except the day time level at NQ2 and NQ3 and night time noise level at NQ3. Figure 4.6 & Figure 4.7 shows the Noise level comparisons at 3 locations during day and night time.
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FIGURE 4.6 DAY TIME NOISE LEVEL COMPARISON AT 3 LOCATIONS
FIGURE 4.7 DAY TIME NOISE LEVEL COMPARISON AT 3 LOCATIONS
4.4 TRAFFIC PATTERN AND DENSITY Traffic was surveyed at the junction of Vengurla –Shiroda road (SH4) and Velagar road towards site. Vehicular traffic counts were performed on either side of the studied roads to provide background values of traffic density, and correlate such data to the levels of air pollution along the road. Vehicular traffic on these roads included heavy vehicle, light vehicle, three wheelers, and two wheelers. Major traffic flow occurs between 8 am to 8 pm on these roads. The additional traffic due to the project would also occur in this time duration only. A summary of the data is presented in Table 4.18.
TABLE 4.18 TRAFFIC STATISTICS OF STUDIED ROADS Road Vengurla to Shiroda (SH4) Velagar Road near Project site Vehicle Type Two Wheeler 572 179
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Road Vengurla to Shiroda (SH4) Velagar Road near Project site Vehicle Type Three Wheeler 161 2 Four Wheeler 434 147 HMV 314 29 Total 1511 358 PCU 1823 325.5
FIGURE 4.8 TRAFFIC FLOW COMPARISON AT 2 LOCATIONS
4.5 SOIL At each location, soil samples were collected from depths of around 1 m below the surface. The samples were then packed in a polythene plastic bag and sealed. The samples from three different depths were homogenized and the sealed samples were sent to laboratory at for analysis. The details of the sampling locations are given in Table 4.19 and the analysis results of all the locations are presented in Table 4.20.
TABLE 4.19 SOIL SAMPLING LOCATIONS Sr. No. Code Location 1 S1 Project Site 2 S2 Sarsavati Vidhylay near Project site, 3 S3 Sagartirath Beach Road near project north side
TABLE 4.20 SOIL SAMPLING RESULTS Sr. No Parameter Units S1 S2 S3 1 Bulk Density gm/ml 1.4 1.2 1.5 2 Salinity ppt 6.5 4.58 6.3 3 Porosity % 62.2 58.6 60.3 4 Texture Class Sandy Loam Sandy Loam Sandy 5 Silt % 42.1 45.2 52.2
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6 Clay % 15.3 12.1 10.1 7 Sand % 4.16 5.7 7.8 8 pH( 5% Solution) -- 6.3 7.6 5.1 Electrical 9 µs 12.5 8.8 11.9 Conductivity Cation Exchange 10 meq/100gm 16.7 19.1 17.0 Capacity 11 Sodium mg/lit. 7.18 8.26 6.91 12 Potassium mg/lit. 2.69 3.14 3.05 13 Nitrogen mg/lit. 6.31 7.14 6.40 14 Magnesium mg/lit. 0.52 0.6 0.70 15 Phosphorous mg/lit. 2.2 1.22 2.63 16 SAR mg/lit. 9.25 6.27 8.84 Water Holding 17 ml/100 gm 38.75 37.98 33.48 Capacity 18 Iron as Fe mg/kg 18.24 8.21 9.04 19 Copper as Cu mg/kg 0.01 BDL BDL 20 Zinc as Zn mg/kg 2.67 1.66 BDL 21 Manganese as Mn mg/kg 1.45 0.79 BDL 22 Nickel as Ni mg/kg 0.01 BDL BDL BDL – Below Detection Level Soil analysis results are summarized below: • Bulk density varies between 1.2 to 1.5 gm/ml. Soil texture was sandy loam. • pH ranged from 5.1 to 7.6. • Water holding capacity of soil varies between 33.48 to 38.75 ml/100 gm. • 0.01 mg/kg copper was detected at Project Site while at other two locations it was below detection level. Zinc was found at 2 locations, varying between 2.67 to 1.66 mg/kg. Nickel was detected at one location i.e. project site as 0.01 mg/kg and manganese were found in the range of 0.79 to 1.45 mg/kg. Iron was found in the range of 8.21-18.24 mg/kg. • The Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) values are between 6.27 to 9.25.
4.6 WATER ENVIRONMENT
4.6.1 Ground Water Scenario of the district
Depth to Water Level
Pre-monsoon (May-2007) and Post-monsoon (November-2007) The depth to water levels in the district during May 2007 ranges between 1.94 and 17.40 mbgl. The shallow water levels within 10 mbgl are seen in almost entire district .At project site, pre monsoon depth to water level ranges between 5-10 mbgl. The depth to water levels during Pre Monsoon Nov. 2007 ranges between 0.01 m bgl and 14.85 mbgl. In the entire district the water levels are shallow within 5 m bgl. The water levels of 2 to 5 m bgl are the most dominant range. At the project site, Post Monsoon depth top water level ranges between 2-5
4-37 Baseline Environmental Status
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FIGURE 4.9 DEPTH TO WATER LEVEL DURING PRE -MONSOON AND POST MONSOON
Depth to Water level (Pre Monsoon) Depth to Water level (Post Monsoon)
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Ground and Surface Water quality of the project site The samples were collected and analyzed as per the procedures specified in IS:3025 and compared with the standards for drinking water quality as per IS:10500 applicable for ground and surface water respectively. Physico-chemical parameters along with microbiological indicators of pollution have been analyzed for assessing the baseline status of water environment and identification of impacts due to the project activity. The water sampling locations are given in Table 4.21 and the analysis results are presented in Table 4.22
TABLE 4.21 WATER SAMPLING LOCATIONS
Sr. No. Code Location Type of Water 1 GW1 Project site Ground Water 2 GW2 Near Project site - bungalow Ground Water 3 SW1 Arabian sea Near project site Surface Water
TABLE 4.22 WATER SAMPLING LOCATIONS – GROUND WATER Sr. No. Parameter Unit GW1 GW2 Standard as per IS:10500-1991 1 Colour Unit <5 <5 5 Hazen unit 2 Odour -- UN UN UN 3 Turbidity NTU 1.0 1.0 5 NTU 4 pH -- 7.47 7.77 6.5 – 8.5 5 Temperature 0C 30.1 31.5 -- Total Hardness as 6 mg/lit. 110.0 515.0 300 mg/lit. CaCO3 7 Calcium as Ca mg /lit. 33.6 90. 0 75 mg/lit. 8 Magnesium as Mg mg/lit. 6.37 70.83 30 mg/lit. 9 Total Alkalinity mg/lit. 190 475 200 mg/lit. 10 Chloride as Cl - mg/lit. 25 525.4 250 mg/lit. -2 11 Sulphate as SO 4 mg/lit. 35.4 196.4 200 mg/lit. 12 Nitrate as NO3 mg/lit. 0.9 0.66 45 mg/lit. 13 Fluoride as F mg/lit. 0.31 0.25 1.0 mg/lit. 14 Sodium mg/lit. 10.48 195.7 -- 15 Potassium mg/lit. 1.26 25.8 -- 16 Salinity -- 177.62 1494.3 -- 17 Total Nitrogen mg/lit. 6.21 3.56 -- 18 Total Phosphorous mg/lit. 1.23 0.26 -- 19 Ca dmium as Cd mg/lit. BDL BDL 20 Lead as Pb mg/lit. BDL BDL BDL: Below Detectable Limit UN: Unobjectionable Water quality results of ground water are summarized below: • pH of the well water samples around the site varied between 7.47 to 7.77. • Total hardness of ground water samples varied between 110 to 515 mg/l.
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• Alkalinity value varied between 190-475 mg/l for ground water samples. • Nitrate was 0.9 to 0.66 mg/l. • Cd and Pb were below detectable limits in all the samples.
TABLE 4.23 WATER SAMPLING LOCATIONS – SURFACE WATER Sr. No. Parameter Unit SW-1 1 Colour Unit <5 2 Odour -- UN 3 Turbidity NTU 2 4 pH -- 7.89 5 Temperature 0C 30.5 6 Total Hardness as CaCO3 mg/lit. 6750.0 7 Calcium as Ca mg/lit. 720 8 Magnesium as Mg mg/lit. 1208.32 9 Total Alkalinity mg/lit. 200 10 Chloride as Cl- mg/lit. 22,000 -2 11 Sulphate as SO 4 mg/lit. 3976 12 Nitrate as NO3 mg/lit. 1.18 13 Fluoride as F mg/lit. 2.56 14 Sodium mg/lit. 9000 15 Potassium mg/lit. 248.6 16 Salinity -- 37000 17 Total Nitrogen mg/lit. 10.24 18 Total Phosphorous mg/lit. 0.34 19 Cadmium as Cd mg/lit. BDL 20 Lead as Pb mg/lit. BDL BDL: Below Detectable Limit UN: Unobjectionable
4.7 ECOLOGY Due to the location of the site, which is part of the Sagartirath beach, the site characteristic is mainly dry coastal. The flora and fauna studied on the site was mainly adapted to humid coastal climatic conditions. A foot survey was carried out for about 5 km from the site in three directions, North, South and East. The west ward side being sea, there was no necessity for a land survey. The survey revealed that on south as well as on North, there were similar orchards owned by different people and the entire coastline was covered by the private orchards, leaving little room for natural vegetation. However, in the eastern direction, the vegetation changes rapidly due to the presence of village Aravli and one can see more varieties of crops and plants used by people for their living.
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Existing Site access road connect SH4 SH4 (Vengurla to Shiroda) (Shiroda-Vengurla)
The basic soil is coastal sandy soil with predominance of dry coastal vegetation in the non cultivated areas. The western side of the site is predominantly sand dunes and the westernmost dunes are well stabilised by natural dune vegetation, casuarina plantations and invasive vegetation that has widely spread along the coast.
Dry costal vegetation Sandy Beach North boundary of project site
Sand Dune on western side of site Arabian Sea’s tidal movement drain sand into the project site land
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The western most dune is about 60 m in breadth and runs beyond the property for several hundred m on both sides, intercepted by a public road and the natural water drains coming from the land. The primary objectives of the study were: • To analyze the vegetation types both qualitatively and quantitatively; • To prepare floristic checklist for the property; • To prepare list of rare and endangered plant species if any; • To prepare faunal checklist of the property; • To prepare rare and endangered animal species, if any; • To evaluate the importance of the site as a wildlife habitat;
Methodology & Materials The ecological status survey was undertaken in June 2010. The primary data relating to flora, fauna and agricultural diversity of the area was generated on site.
Phytosociology A nested quadrate technique was used for sampling the vegetation. The size and number of quadrates needed were determined using the species area curve (Mishra, 1968) and the running mean method (Kershaw, 1973). Summarization of previously used methods and recommendations led to the use of more than often (10x10m) quadrates laid out for sampling the tree stratum and 1x1m quadrates for herbs, grasses and seedlings of tree species less than 1.3cm dbh (diameter at breast height). The enumeration of the vegetation was done by measuring dbh individually in case of woody vegetation, and collar diameter in case of herbs and grasses using the tree caliper and electronic digital caliper. In case of grasses and sedges, each erect shoot is considered to a plant tiller and the enumeration was done by laying 1m x 1m quadrates at random, further subdivided into 10 x 10 cm segments. Four such segments selected at random were analyzed from each quadrate by counting the tillers individually as per the method used was that of Singh and Yadava (1974).
Diversity of the Forest Vegetation The tree species diversity for each stand in different forest types was determined using Shannon Wiener information function (Shannon and Wiener, 1963), which is: Where, Ni is the total number of individuals of species i and N is the total number of all species in a stand.
Concentration of dominance Concentration of dominance (Cd) was measured by Simpson Index (Simpson, 1949): Where, Ni and N were the same as for Shannon Wiener information function. This index ranges from one, if all the individuals belong to one species, to (1/s) if they are equally divided among species (S).
Faunal Study
Terrestrial Fauna Ground surveys were carried out by trekking the core and the buffer zones. For sampling butterflies the standard ‘Pollard Walk’ methodology was used by recording all the species that were encountered
4-43 Baseline Environmental Status Environment Impact Beach Resort Project, Sindhudurg, Maharastra Assessment Report while trekking along the foot trails between these two sites, daily. Sampling was done for 1 hour in a stretch on each transect (n = 4). For sampling birds ‘point sampling’ along the fixed transects (foot trails) was carried out to record all the species of birds observed with the help of binoculars; field guides and photography for 1 hour on each transect (n=4). For sampling mammals, ‘direct count on open width (20 m) transect’ was used on the same transects for 1 hour in each transect. Besides, information on recent sightings / records of mammals by the villagers and locals was also collected from these areas. ‘Reptiles’ mainly lizards were sampled by ‘direct count on open width transects’ for 1 hour in each transect.
General Survey Vegetation types were closely observed and identified, as also vegetation types were sampled for assessing ecological status. The vegetation types were based on the composition of the area and dominant species found in them. The identified vegetation types have been confirmed from published and authenticated sources.
TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM
Vegetation Characteristic In an aerial view, the land appears mainly as a coconut plantation, interspersed with Casurina, Australian Acacia and Cashew. In composition, about 60% plantation is that of Coconut. Cashew is about 15% and another 20% is invaded by Acacia auriculiformes and Acacia mangium . The site has over 60% ground cover by the well grown orchards. Trees are matured and are over 20 years old. The coconut plantation is mainly in the dune areas whereas Cashew and Acacia are mainly on the landward side, where there is some amount of laterite mixed in the soil. Towards the entrance, there is avenue plantation of Acacia mixed with Eucalyptus. The proposed site has been owned by different owners in the past. There are some hedge plants that differentiate these individual plots. Opuntia species has been generally used for the hedges. Over the years, there has been Ipomoea pes-caprae , lantana and some other coastal plants that have mixed with these. The entire plot being fenced with barbed wire and guarded by security men, there were no cattles seen straying within the property. The Casurina plantation for stabilizing the sand dunes is over matured and requires systematic replantation and clear felling. Casurinas are over 45 feet tall and some of them show broad buttressed stems growing over 2 metres in circumference.The sand dunes are vital for this property and needs to be well secured whether the proposed development is allowed or not. The plant list on the site is detailed in the Table 4.24.
TABLE 4.24 SITE FLORA OF PROPOSED PROJECT Abundance in Sr. No Common Name Scientific Name Habit the region 1. Coconut Cocos nusifera Tree Abundant 2. Suru Casurina equisitifolial Tree Moderate 3. Australian Babul Acacia auriculifor mes Tree Abundant 4. Australian Babul Acacia mangium Tree Abundant
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Abundance in Sr. No Common Name Scientific Name Habit the region 5. Black Plum Syzigium cumini Tree Abundant 6. Pangara Erythrina indica Tree Abundant 7. Ber Zizyphus mauritiana Tree Abundant 8. Sida Sida rhombifolia Herb Abundant 9. Ipoemoea Ipoemoea tuberose Creeper Abundant 10. Nilgiri Eucalyptus globules Tree Moderate 11. Ghaneri Lantana camara Shrub Abundant 12. - Aeschynomene indica Herb Abundant 13. - Alysicarpus bupleurifolius Herb Moderate 14. - Alysicarpus monilifer Herb Moderate 15. - Alysicarpus vaginalis Herb Moderate 16. - Canavalia maritime Perennial creeper Low 17. Takla Cassia tora Herb Abundant Under 18. Tag Crotalaria retusa Moderate Shrub 19. Tag Crotalaria striata Herb Moderate 20. Tag Crotalaria verrucosa Herb Moderate 21. - Derris triflorum Woody creeper Moderate 22. - Desmodium triflorum Herb Moderate 23. Karanj Pongamia pinnata Tree Moderate 24. Rui Calotropis gigantium Shrub Moderate Under 25. - Tephrosia purpurea Moderate Shrub Creeping 26. - Vigna spp. Low herb 27. - Zornia gibbosa Herb Low 28. - Vitex trifolia Shrub Abundant 29. - Opuntia sp Shrub Abundant 30. - Aeluropus lagopoides Grass Abundant 31. - Cyperus sps Grass Moderate 32. Screw pine Pandanus pandanus Tree Moderate 33. Mango Mangifera indica Tree Abundant 34. Amarvel Cuscuta sps. Parasitic creeper Abundant 35. Bhendi Thespesi a populnea Tree Abundant 36. Karvanda Carissa congesta Shrub Abundant 37. - Cullen corylifolia Herb Abundant 38. - Ixora coccinea Shrub Abundant 39. - Cryptolepis buchanani Climber Abundant 40. - Ipomoea pes-caprae Runner Abundant 41. - Aerides crispum Orchid Abundant 42. - Solanum virginianum Herb Abundant 43. - Cyanotis faciculata Herb Moderate
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Abundance in Sr. No Common Name Scientific Name Habit the region 44. - Sesbania bispinosa Herb Abundant 45. - Mirabilis jalapa Shrub Abundant
Casurina equisitifolial (Suru) Plantation Cashew and coconut Plantation
(Opuntia ficus-indica) Cactus along boundary of Cashew and Eucalyptus globules plantation Project site
Birds: The bird activity was found to be high. Mainly the insectivorus species were active throughout the study period. The shorebirds were not seen. The large casurina trees were acting as good perches for the Brahminy kites and White bellied Sea eagle. The avifauna sighted on the site is described in the Table 4.25.
TABLE 4.25 SITE AVIFAUNA C : Common, R: Rare; O: Occasional, VC: Very Common, UC: Uncommon,
No. Common Name Scientific Name Status 1. Ashy prinia Prinia socialis O 2. Asian koel Eudynamys scolapacea C
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No. Common Name Scientific Name Status 3. Asian palm swift Capriurus parvus C 4. Banded bay cuckoo acomantis sonneratii O 5. Black drongo Dicru rus macrocercus C 6. Black Headed Munia Lonchura Malacca C 7. Black hooded oriole Oriolus xanthornus C 8. Golden Oriole Oriolus oriolus VC 9. Black kite Milvus migrans govinda VC 10. Black lored tit Parus xanthogenys UC 11. Black naped monarch Hypothymis azurea VC 12. Black rumped flameback Dinopium benghalense C 13. Black shouldered kite Elanus caeruleus C 14. Blyth’s pipit Anthus godlewskii O 15. Brahminy starling Sturnia pagodarum O 16. Brown cheeked fulvetta Alcippe poioicephala VC 17. Cattle egret Bubulcus ibis VC 18. Comm on hoopoe Upupa epops UC 19. Common iora Aegithina tiphia VC 20. Common kingfisher Alcedo atthis C 21. Common myna Acridotheres tristis O 22. Common tailorbird Orthotomus sutorius VC 23. Common kestrel Falco tinnunculus C 24. Coppersmith barbet Megalaima haemacephala O 25. White bellied Sea Eagle Heliaeetus leucogaster C 26. Drongo cuckoo Surniculus lugubris O 27. Greater coucal Centropus sinensis VC 28. Green bee eater Merops orientalis VC 29. House crow Corvus splendes VC 30. House sparrow Passer domesticus C 31. House swift Apus affinis C 32. Indian nightjar Caprimulgus indicus VC 33. Indian robin Saxicoloides fulicata C 34. Jungle babbler Turdoides striatus VC 35. Jungle myna Acridotheres fuscus VC 36. Jungle Owlet Glaucidium radiatum C 37. Large billed crow Corvus macrorhynchos VC 38. Malabar whistling Thrush Myophonus horsfieldii VC 39. Oriental magpie robin Copysyschus saularis VC 40. Plain prinia Prinia inornata C 41. Plum headed parakeet Psittacula cyanocephala VC 42. Puff -throated babbler Pellorneum ruficeps VC 43. Purple rumped sunbird Nectarin ia zeylonica C 44. Purple sunbird Nectarinia asiatica VC 45. Red vented bulbul Pycnonotus cafer C
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No. Common Name Scientific Name Status 46. Red wattled lapwing Vanellus indicus C 47. Red whiskered bulbul Pycnonotuus jocosus VC 48. Rock pigeon Columba livia O 49. Rose ringed parakeet Psittacula krameri C 50. Spotted dove Streptopelia chinensis VC 51. Sykes’s lark Galerida deva C 52. Tawny bellied babbler Dumetia hyperythra O 53. Thick billed flowerpecker Dicaeum agile C 54. Tickell’s blue flycatcher Muscicapa thalassine C 55. White throated kingfisher Halcyon smyrnensis VC 56. Brahminy Kite Haliastur Indus C
Reptiles: The site did not show any significant reptilian population. Excepting the Bronze back, the other snake species were determined by occurrence of old moults found on the site. The locals informed that the beach is sometimes used by the Olive Ridley Turtle for nesting. The nesting site shown by the locals was about a km away (northwards) from the site.The reptilian fauna is described in the table below:
TABLE 4.26 REPTILIAN FAUNA OF THE SITE Sr. no. Common Name Scientific Name 1. Sitana ponticeriana Fan Throated Lizard 2. Calotes versicolor Common Garden Lizard 3. Ptyas mucosus Common Ratsnake 4. Amphiesma stolatum Buff striped Keelback 5. Vipera russelli Russel’s Viper 6. Naja naja Indian Cobra 7. Echis carinatus Saw Scaled Viper 8. Dendrelaphis tristis Bronze back 9. Varanus benghalensis Indian Monitor Lizard 10. Lepidochelys olivacea Olive Ridley Turtle
Mammals: The site did not show any significant varieties of mammals. The only mammal that was seen sporadically was palm squirrel. The site was studied for direct as well as indirect evidence for the presence of mammals. On the site, there was no occurrence of any significant wild mammal or their trace. There may be a few rodent species and mongoose found on the site, but there were no sightings to establish the same.
Butterflies: The dense plantation, mixed with local weeds and other species ensures a good butterfly habitat. The higher activity of insectivorus birds also suggests, good insect population on the site. During the survey, only butterflies were concentrated upon and the list is given below.
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TABLE 4.27 BUTTERFLY SPECIES Family Common Name Scientific Name Papilionidae Jay, Common Graphium doson (C & R Felder, 1864) Jay, Tailed Graphium agamemnon (Linnaeus, 1758) Lime Butterfly Papilio demoleus (Linnaeus, 1758) Mormon, Blue Papilio polymnestor (Cramer, 1775) Mormon, Common Papilio polytes (Linnaeus, 1758) Pieridae Albatross, Common Appias albina (Boisduval, 1836) Emigrant, Common Catopsilia pomona (Fabricius, 1775) Emigrant, Mottled Catopsilia pyranthe (Linnaeus, 1758) Grass Yellow, Common Eurema hecabe (Linnaeus, 1758) Grass Yellow, Small Eurema brigitta (Cramer, 1780) Jezebel, Common Delias eucharis (Drury, 1773) Orange Tip, Great Hebomoea glaucippe (Linnaeus, 1758) Orange Tip, Yellow Ixias pyrene (Linnaeus, 1764) Wanderer, Common Pareronia valeria (Cramer,1776) Lycaenidae Pierrot, Angled Caleta caleta (Hewitson,1876) Pierrot, Common Castalius rosimon (Fabricius,1775) Grass Blue, Pale Pseudozizeeria maha (Kollar, 1844) Hedge Blue, Common Actolepis puspa (Horsefield, 1828) Silverline, Common Spindasis vulcanus (Fabricius, 1775) Nymphalidae Baron, Common Euthalia aconthea (Cramer,1777) Baronet Euthalia nais (Forster,1771) Castor, Common Ariadne merione (Cramer, 1779) Coster, Tawny Acraea violae (Fabricius, 1793) Eggfly, Danaid Hypolimnas misippus (Linnaeus, 1764) Eggfly, Great Hypolimnas bolina (Linnaeus, 1758) Evening Brown, Melanitis leda (Linnaeus, 1758) Common Indian Crow, Common Euploea core (Cramer, 1780) Leopard, Common Phalanta phalantha (Drury, 1773) Oakleaf, Blue Kallima horsfieldii (Kollar, 1848) Pain ted Lady Cynthia cardui (Linnaeus, 1758) Pansy, Blue Junonia orithya (Linnaeus, 1758) Pansy, Gray Junonia atlites (Linnaeus, 1763) Pansy, Lemon Junonia hierta (Fabricius, 1798) Sailer, Common Neptis hylas (Moore, 1872) Tiger, Blue Tirumala limniace (Cramer, 1775) Tiger, Plain Danaus chrysippus (Linnaeus, 1758) Tiger, Striped Danaus genutia (Cramer, 1779) Hesperiidae Awl, Common Banded Hasora chromus (Cramer, 1782) Swift, Rice Borbo cinnara (Wallace, 1866)
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Conclusion: Considering the various biotic and abiotic components of the proposed site for the proposed development, it can be deduced that the site is a representative of the general ecology of the region and is not significant or conservation dependent. Being a horticulture plantation, the site has been under active human interference for a long time and does not have any natural ecosystem. The proposed development, with well designing, may contribute in increasing the biodiversity as the green belts planned for the site may provide additional niche for the local fauna. It is recommended that the green belts should consist of endemic or naturalized species only in order to maintain and enhance the existing ecology. It is also highly recommended that the existing trees of Australian Acacia and Eucalyptus are slowly clear felled for plantation of local species. Particular care is required to maintain the dune ecology. Though Aravli area is not coming under vulnerable areas identified for the district, the sand dunes are particularly important to protect the coastline from the wave action. Also, the beach is occasionally used by the Olive Ridley Turtle for nesting and hence requires better protection measures.
4.8 FOREST The core zone (Project site) is basically is a horticultural land and there is no forest land in and around the site. In the buffer zone (10 km radius in the surrounding area) has no Reserved or Protected forest.
4.9 SCRUB FOREST The sand dune area in the western side is having a small area of a scrub which is mainly covered by Lantana, opuntia and other scrub species.
Scrub forest Near Vetoba Hills scrub species
4.10 PLANTATION AND ORCHARDS The entire site is a plantation of coconut and cashew. Other fast growing species are also grown for soft wood and timber.
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Coconut Plantation west side of project area. Kaju Plantation along site internal road.
Dry Coastal vegetation This is an important vegetation type in the coastal areas, especially in the sand beach areas. Local distribution of the plant species is given in the table 4.28 below
TABLE 4.28 LOCAL DISTRIBUTION OF PLANT SPECIES S. No. Types of Plant Local Distribution Common Sporadic Rare 1. Trees 12 - - 2. Shrubs 7 - - 3. Herbs 12 5 - 4. Climbers 5 2 - 5. Grasses 2 - -
Phyto Sociology: Flora There is no natural forest area in the study area so no Phyto sociological study was carried out.
Endemic, Threatened and Endangered Plant Species The site being a plantation site, there are no endemic, threatened or endangered plant species.
Threatened and Endangered Animal Species The site does not support any endangered species as a habitat. The White bellied fishing Eagle is an endangered species which is supported by the site through its tall trees on the Sand Dunes. The Beach is also claimed to be acting as nesting site for the endangered Olive Ridley Turtles.
TABLE 4.29 SCHEDULED ANIMAL SPECIES IN THE STUDY AREA Wildlife Schedule Sl. No. Common Name Scientific Name
A. Schedule I A.1 : Birds A.1.1 White bellied Sea Eagle Heliaeetus leucogaster
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Wildlife Schedule Sl. No. Common Name Scientific Name
B. Schedule II B.1 : Mammals : Nil B. 2 : Reptiles B.2.1 Indian Cobra Naja naja B.2.2 Russel Viper Vipera russelli B.2.3 Common Rat Snake Ptyas mucosus B.2.4 Common Indian Monitor Varanus bengalensis B.2.5 Checkered Keelback Xenocchrophis piscator B.2.6 Olive Ridley Turtle Lepidochelys olivacea
Aquatic Ecosystem There is no water body within the site except presence of in 3 wells.
Conclusions Ecological survey in the core zone and buffer zone reveals some interesting features of wildlife. The survey was based on the following evaluation criteria: (i) Land Use: The area is categorized as agricultural land and is under horticultural use. (ii) Diversity: The floral diversity in the buffer zone is higher comparing to the core zone. (iii) Proximity: There is no Reserve forest in the core zone and buffer zone. (iv) Potential Value: The habitat condition of the area may improve after completion of the project owing to development of green belt surrounding it.
4.11 SOCIO ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT This section discusses the baseline socio-economic environment of the study area defined for the proposed project. Based on the assessment of the socio-economic conditions of the rural settlements identified within the study area EIA study is focusing on prediction and evaluation about the future impacts of the project on the local people, their physical and psychological health and well-being, economic facilities, heritage and culture, lifestyle and other value systems. The issues under focus are demographic structure, economic activity, education, literacy profile, infrastructure facilities, etc. The assessment and evaluation of potential socio-economic impacts will thereby assist in the formulation of necessary guidelines for impact mitigation and management of human environment. The information provided in the following sections has been primarily derived from secondary sources (Census of India 2001 and Census of India Website). The village-wise secondary data (as obtained from Census, 2001) has been taken into consideration for analyzing the socio-economic profile in a comparative manner.
4.12 GENERAL SOCIO -ECONOMIC PROFILE Given the scale and nature of the proposed project, a study area of 2 km around the project site has been defined for profiling of socio-economic environment of nearby villages. The following villages have been considered for socio-economic profiling as presented in Table 4.30 below.
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TABLE 4.30 LIST OF VILLAGES SELECTED FOR SOCIO -ECONOMIC PROFILING Distance from the No. District Tehsil Village project site (km) 1 Mochemad 2.2 2 Nhaichiad 2.3 3 Sagartirtha Project site 4 Sindhudurg Vengurla Shiroda 2.5 5 Tank 1.68 6 Temb 1.08 7 Velagar 1
Sindhudurg According to the 2001 census Sindhudurg district has a population of 8,68,825. The district has a population density of 170 inhabitants per square kilometre (430 /sq m). Sindhudurg has a sex ratio of 1079 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 80.3%.
4.12.1 Demographic Profile The demographic profile in terms of total population, household size, sex-ratio and scheduled population of the selected villages in the study area of district has been discussed in section below and presented in Table 4.31 and Table 4.32.
Population and Household Size Of the study area villages in Vengurla taluka, Sindhudurg district, Shiroda has the highest population (1749) followed by Mochemad (1067). The household size was recorded 4.3 as average for the villages in discussion.
Sex Ratio The average sex ratio of 1078.1 recorded for the study area villages is higher than the state average of 940 females per 1000 males. The highest sex ratio within the study area is recorded for village Nhaichiad (1096.2) followed by Mochemad (1084). Lowest female population has been recorded at Temb (51%).
TABLE 4.31 DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF THE STUDY AREA VILLAGES
HH HH Female Sex Village Name Total Pop. Male Pop. % M % F Nos. Size Pop. Ratio Mochemad 226 1067 4.7 512 48.0 555 52.0 1084.0 Nhaichiad 96 436 4.5 208 47.7 228 52.3 1096.2 Sagartirtha 102 380 3.7 186 48.9 194 51.1 1043.0 Shiroda 420 1749 4.2 843 48.2 906 51.8 1074.7 Tank 236 962 4.1 467 48.5 495 51.5 1060.0 Temb 88 410 4.7 201 49.0 209 51.0 1039.8 Velagar 113 447 4.0 208 46.5 239 53.5 1149.0
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Scheduled Caste (SC) & Scheduled Tribes (ST) The highest percentage of SC was recorded for Shiroda (8.8%) followed by Mochemad (2.3%), rest all the villages have 0% SC population. Mochemad is the only village with ST population of 0.2% and rest all other villages in discussion have no ST population.
TABLE 4.32 SCHEDULE CASTE AND SCHEDULE TRIBES OF STUDY AREA VILLAGES Village SC Population % SC ST Population % ST Mochemad 25 2.3 2 0.2 Nhaichiad 0 0.0 0 0.0 Sagartirtha 0 0.0 0 0.0 Shiroda 154 8.8 0 0.0 Tank 0 0.0 0 0.0 Temb 0 0.0 0 0.0 Velagar 0 0.0 0 0.0
4.12.2 Education & Literacy The study of the education and literacy profile in the region is relevant in order to have an understanding whether the proposed project can utilize the skilled human resources available within the individual study area. The village-wise male and female literacy status as obtained from Census 2001 is presented in Table 4-33. According to the 2001 census data, literacy levels in Sindhudurg district is 80.3%. The highest literacy rate is in Shiroda (82.2%) followed by Mochemad (75.7%) and Velagar (74.9%) and lowest in Sagartirtha (68.2%). The highest female literacy rate was observed for village Shiroda (48.6%) and the lowest for village Tank (44.7%).
TABLE 4.33 LITERACY PROFILE OF THE STUDY AREA VILLAGES Total Male Female Village Name % % % Illiterates % Literate Literate Literate Mochemad 808 75.7 436 54.0 372 46.0 259 24.3 Nhaichiad 321 73.6 171 53.3 150 46.7 115 26.4 Sagartirtha 259 68.2 143 55.2 116 44.8 121 31.8 Shiroda 1437 82.2 739 51.4 698 48.6 312 17.8 Tank 714 74.2 395 55.3 319 44.7 248 25.8 Temb 293 71.5 159 54.3 134 45.7 117 28.5 Velagar 335 74.9 175 52.2 160 47.8 112 25.1
4.12.3 Economic Activity & Livelihood Pattern The relevance of economic activity and livelihood pattern is important in the context of the study since depending on the existing situation one can predict the impact of the project activity on the economy of the villages and the region. The village-wise workforce participation as obtained from Census 2001 is presented in Table 4.34. The workforce participation rate in the study area villages of Sindhudurg district varies from 0.0% to 97.0%. Majority of inhabitants about 97.0% in Sagartirtha and 84.8% in Velagar are employed in
4-54 Baseline Environmental Status Environment Impact Beach Resort Project, Sindhudurg, Maharastra Assessment Report other works followed by Cultivators which are 59.0% in Mochemad, 42.7% in Nhaichiad and 40.3% in Temb. This is followed by agriculture labour and household work category. Percentage of people employed as household workers is less.
TABLE 4.34 WORKFORCE PARTICIPATION FOR STUDY AREA VILLAGES
% % % Total % % Non Villages Agriculture Household Other Worker Cultivator workers Labour Worker Worker
Mochemad 480 59.0 9.0 0.2 31.9 55.0 Nhaichiad 274 42.7 44.9 2.2 10.2 37.1 Sagartirtha 202 0.0 2.5 0.5 97.0 46.8 Shiroda 575 7.8 6.4 3.7 82.1 67.1 Tank 457 37.0 23.9 2.2 37.0 52.4 Temb 226 40.3 28.3 0.4 31.0 44.8 Velagar 151 13.2 2.0 0.0 84.8 66.2
4.12.4 Socioeconomic Infrastructure The project site is located in Sagartirath, Aravali Tak village, in Vengurla Taluka, district Sindhudurg, Maharashtra. Nearest big towns are Vengurla and Sawantwadi. The site is located to the south of Vengurla town and south west of Sawantwadi. The existing social infrastructure around the site are summarized below: Educational Facilities : As per the census data, Primary school facility is available at Sagartirath village while middle school is available within 5 km radius. In aravali village, both primary and middle school facilities are available. Health Facilities: Medical facility is not available in Sagartirath village while in Aravali village, primary health facility is available within 5 km radius. Roads and Communication: The site is approachable by SH4 Vengurla- Shiroda Road (Sagari Mahamarg). Sawantwadi is the nearest railway station, located at approximately 17 km to northeast of site. Goa Airport is located at approximately 48 km to south of site. Sindhudurg is part of the Konkan region of Maharastra located on the west coast of Indian Peninsula. The district is surrounded by the Arabian Sea on the east, the Belgaum District (Karnataka state) and Goa on the South and the Ratnagiri district on the North. National Highway 17 passes through the district. With 7 railway stations, a 103 Km stretch of Konkan Railway line passes through this district. It has good road and rail links with Goa and Mumbai.
Education As per 2011 census, basic amenities available in the study area villages have been discussed below in Table 4.35.
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TABLE 4.35 BASIC AMENITIES IN THE STUDY AREA Medical Drinking Educational Approach to Power Village Facilities Water Facility Village Supply Source P_SCH (3) Medical WW(1) Paved Road(1) EA M_SCH(1) facility(1) TK(1) HP(1) Mochemad Canal(1) P_SCH (2) - WW(1) Paved Road(1) EA M_SCH(1) TW(1) Nhaichiad HP(1) P_SCH (1 ) - WW(1) Mud Road(1) EA Sagartirtha P_SCH (2) Medical TP(1) - EA M_SCH (2) facility(1) WW(1) S_SCH(1) Shiroda SS_SCH(1) P_SCH (1 ) - TP(1) Paved Road(1) EA M_SCH (1) WW(1) S_SCH(1) TK(1) Tank P_SCH(1) - WW(1) Mud Road(1) - Temb P_SCH(1) - WW(1) - - Velagar
Education Facility: P_SCH = Primary School; M_SCH-Middle School; S_SCH-Secondary School; SS_SCH- Senior Secondary School Drinking Water Facility : TK = Tank water, TP- Tap water, HP- Hand pump, TW- Tub well water, WW-well water, TK- Tank water Power Supply : EA = Electricity for all purposes
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CHAPTER 5. POLLUTION SOURCES, IMPACT PREDICTION & IMPACT ASSESSMENT
5.1 POLLUTION SOURCES Pollutants generated during the construction and operation phase of the proposed development either be liquid, solid and gaseous in nature. The generation of pollution may be periodic, continuous or accidental. Potential sources of pollutants and their characteristics during the construction and operation phase are given below in Table 5.1 .
TABLE 5.1 POTENTIAL POLLUTANT SOURCES & CHARACTERISTICS S.No Activity / Area Pollutant Pollutant Characteristics Frequency CONSTRUCTION PHASE 1. Ground Air emissions: Dust from construction Temporary during
excavation and PM 10 , PM 2.5 CO, activities and excavation. construction phase
leveling NO x, SO 2 only- bulk of the emissions are expected from ground working and leveling activities. Earth / solid waste Solid waste from Periodic. construction activity and excavation. Noise Noise generated from Temporary during construction equipment initial construction and machinery phase-due to running of DG sets 2. Labour Camps Sewage Sewage ge nerated from Temporary – during temporary labour camps on the initial site construction phase Solid Waste Solid Waste generated Temporary – during from temporary labour the initial camps on site construction phase
3. Vehicular Air and noise Particulates, NO x and CO Temporary during movement emission from vehicle exhaust the construction phase OPERATION PHASE 1. Vehicular Air emissions and Vehicle exhaust emissions Continuous / movement noise Periodic
2. Diesel power Air emissions SO 2, NO x, PM, CO from Continuous /Periodic generators fuel burning during power failure Noise Noise due to running of Continuous /Periodic equipment during power failure
Hazardous waste Used Oil Generation Periodic, during oil changes
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S.No Activity / Area Pollutant Pollutant Characteristics Frequency 3. Commercial Wastewater Wastewa ter containing Continuous waste food matter Domestic Solid Garbage / Food waste Continuous waste 4. Project area Sewage Domestic wastewater – Continuous including BOD, S.S, Pathogens common toilets Domestic Solid Bio -degradable and non - Continuous – small Wastes biodegradable wastes quantities 5. Raw water Wastewater Backwash water discharge Continuous treatment Solid waste Sludge from coagulation Continuous process 6. Sewage treatment Solid waste Settled and stabilized Continuous Plant sludge Treated water Treated sewage used for Continuous horticulture 7. Diesel Storage Solid waste Settled sludge during tank Occasional cleaning Oil Oil spillage – Accidental Accidental / Only large spills due to pipe due to poor rupture housekeeping Oil Spillage - Small quantities due to small pipe leaks 8. Maintenance Wastewater Floor washing Continuous Solid waste Used equipment parts and garden wastes Continuous 9. Vehicle Parking Oil Spills Minor oil leaks in parking Occasional Area lot – small quantities 10. Storm water Wastewater Contamination discharge During rainy season drains from site – Mainly suspended solids
5.2 IMPACT PREDICTION AND IMPACT ASSESSMENT The primary function of an environmental impact assessment study is to predict and quantify potential impacts, assess and evaluate the magnitude and their importance in order to develop an environmental management plan to mitigate the impacts. Environmental impacts could be positive or negative, direct or indirect, local or regional and also reversible or irreversible. Baseline environmental conditions at the proposed site for various parameters were provided in Chapter 4 whereas Table 5.1 given above provides the various pollution loads and stressors that could impact the environment. This chapter discusses the incremental environmental impacts on the environmental parameters during the construction and operation phases of the project. The potential impacts have been identified in Table 5.2 . The mitigative measures for the adverse impacts, if any, are discussed in Chapter 6 of Environmental Management Plan.
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TABLE 5.2 IDENTIFICATION OF POTENTIAL IMPACTS DURING CONSTRUCTION & OPERATION PHASE S. No Components Aspect Potential Impact CONSTRUC TION PHASE Dust emissions from site Minor negative impact inside the Ambient Air preparation, excavation, material premises. No negative impact outside 1. Quality handling and other construction project site. activities at Site. Short term Minor negative impact near noise Noise generated from construction generation sources inside premises. 2. Noise activities, operation of construction No significant impact on ambient noise equipment and traffic. levels at sensitive receptors. Short term 3. Water quality Surface runoff from project site Significant negative impact on nearby sea Oil/fuel and waste spills. water , if not properly managed inside the Improper debris disposal premises itself.. Discharge of sewage from labour Short term camp. 4. Landuse and Land development No significant impact Aesthetics 5. Topography & Site development No Significant Impacts Geology 6. Soil Construction activity leading to Minor negative impact topsoil removal and erosion. 7. Ecology Habitat disturbance during Minor negative impact Flora & Fauna construction activity Short term 8. Socio-economy Increased job opportunity for locals. Overall positive impact Economy related to commercial real estate development, material supply etc. expected to boom. 9. Traffic Pattern Haul Truck movement and No significant impact possibility of traffic congestion Short term outside site access road OPERATION PHASE
Ambient Air Particulate and gaseous emissions Minor Negative impact 1 Quality from DG sets and vehicle movement No significant impact at sensitive receptors Noise from vehicle movement and Minor negative impact inside premises. 2 Noise operation of diesel generator sets No significant impact at sensitive during power failure. receptors. 3 Water Quality Oil/fuel and waste spills. Significant adverse impact on nearby sea Discharge of sewage. water, if not properly managed inside the Discharge of contaminated storm premises itself water 4 Water usage Use of over ~791 KL per day water No significant impact at peak demand 5 Soil Storage and disposal of solid and Minor negative impact hazardous wastes Discharge of sewage
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S. No Components Aspect Potential Impact Fuel and material spills Pesticides use 6 Ecology Landuse change Significant adverse impact on marine Flora & Fauna Discharge of wastewater to surface ecology and minor significant impact on water bodies terrestrial ecology 7 Socio-economy Increased job opportunity in the Overall positive impact proposed project for the locals. 8 Traffic Pattern The proposed project is likely to add Moderate Negative Impact significantly to the predicted traffic during peak hours.
5.3 IMPACT ON PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT
5.3.1 Impact on Physical Environment during Pre-Construction Phase
5.3.1.1 Land use The proposed site is basically a horticulture land. Hence, the land use pattern will be changed. The surrounding land comprises of villages and residential setup and community facilities in the form of small mosque and church along with few settlement nearby. The proposed site is in the coastal plains and is slightly undulating. The site surroundings comprise of rural setup and the land use in the surrounding area comprises of villages with residential set up. No industrial area is observed in nearby vicinity. Many small scale hotels and resorts are seen adjoining the coastal areas. Therefore, it can be adhered that the proposed development of beach resort will change the present land use pattern of the area.
5.3.2 Impact on Physical Environment during Construction Phase
5.3.2.1 Topography The proposed development will involve some change in the topography of the area, as the proposed site is lying in the coastal plain and have slightly undulating terrain with a contour difference of 5 m in the highest and lowest part of the land. The construction activities will proceed in a manner so as to maintain the natural slope of the area by proper leveling of land, as and when required. Therefore no significant impact is anticipated on the local topography of the area.
5.3.2.2 Geology Quarry material requirements for the proposed development have been estimated, as such the key natural materials such as earth, sand, stone will be sourced from licensed and government approved quarries. Hence, no negative impact is envisaged on the local geology of the area.
5.3.2.4 Mineral Resources No impact on minerals is anticipated because of the construction of proposed beach resort development, as currently there are no signs of presence of minerals in direct influence area of the proposed development.
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5.3.2.5 Land use The land acquired for the proposed development is basically a horticulture land. Therefore, the proposed development would involve permanent change in the present form to a beach resort, having guest rooms, suites, villas, public areas and amenities.
5.3.2.6 Climate & Meteorology The climate and meteorological pattern of the region impact due to the proposed development as there will be low spatially restricted short term impact due to cutting of vegetation. The development peripheral green belt development and landscape plantation a part of the proposed development, will help in improving the micro-climate of the region.
5.4 IMPACT ON AIR ENVIRONMENT
5.4.1 Impact on Air Environment during Pre- construction Phase
5.4.1.1 Air Emissions Sources Air emissions have no boundaries and can migrate from one place to another place depending upon the wind direction and speed. The sources of air emission can be grouped into three categories of point, area and line sources: 1. A pollutant source that can be treated in a dispersion model as though pollutants were emitted from a single point that is fixed in space. Example: the mouth of a smoke stack. 2. An array of pollutant sources, so widely dispersed and uniform in strength that they can be treated in a dispersion model as an aggregate pollutant release from a defined area at a uniform rate. Such sources may include vehicles and other small engines, small businesses and household activities, or biogenic sources, such as a forest, that release hydrocarbons. 3. An array of pollutant sources along a defined path that can be treated in dispersion models as an aggregate uniform release of pollutants along a line. Example: the sum of emissions from individual cars traveling down a highway can be treated as a line source.
5.4.1.2 Fugitive Emissions from site preparation During the construction phase of the project, the principal source of air pollution will be dust from exposed site areas, stockpiling, and movement of vehicles along unpaved roads, excavation and handling of construction materials.
5.4.2 Impact on Air Environment during Construction Phase
5.4.2.1 Air Quality During the construction phase, the major sources of air emissions include: • Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) associated with the construction activity • Emissions due to the operation of DG sets, to be used for supplying power
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In order to quantify the impact of SPM associated with the construction activity, it is planned that the construction activity will be carried out in phases. The emission sources will be distributed throughout the project site and will fall under the category of area source.
Basic Consideration In the absence of information regarding the quantity and type of construction equipment to be deployed at any particular time, overall emission factor for SPM from construction activities has been used. Overall SPM emission has been estimated using the emission factor of 1.2 tons SPM/month of activity/acre as per AP-42 Section 13.2.3.3 (USEPA, 1995). This emission factor is used for developing emission estimates from construction activities throughout a geographical area and is most applicable for construction operations with medium activity level, moderate silt contents and semiarid climate (USEPA, 1995). The derivation of the factor assumes that construction activity occurs 30 days per month, making the above estimate somewhat conservatively high for total suspended particulate (U.S. EPA, 1995). For the air environmental impact assessment study, MoEF recommended air quality model, Industrial Source Complex Short Term (ISCST3-version 3) has been applied to predict ground level incremental concentrations (GLCs).
5.4.2.3 Impact on Air Environment during Operation The major air emissions expected during the operation phase will be due to running of DG sets during the power failure.
Air Dispersion Model - (ISCST3) Air dispersion modeling can be used to predict atmospheric concentrations of pollutants at specific locations (receptors) over specific averaging times (i.e. annual, daily and hourly). An atmospheric dispersion model accounts for emissions from a source; estimates how high into the atmosphere they will go, how widely they will spread and how far they will travel based on temporal meteorological data; and outputs the pattern of concentrations that will occur for various exposure periods, thereby providing the exposure risks for different receptors. Industrial Source Complex Short Term (ISCST3) air dispersion model has been used to predict ground level concentrations of the contaminants emitted from area and point sources at the site during both the construction and operational phases. In order to predict the air pollutants, the model requires the following input parameters: • Hourly meteorological data; • The source description including emission rates of the various contaminants, type of source (i.e. area and point) and source emissions characteristics, as described above; • The receptor locations and grid layout will be based on the site coordinates, receptor locations and nature of sources.
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5.4.3.2 Impact due to DG sets- Point Source The total maximum grid demand load is 2956 KW which is to be sourced from Maharashtra state electricity board. During operation phase, diesel generator sets operated for back-up power supply are identified as the only major sources of gaseous and particulate emission. SO 2, NOx, PM 10 , PM 2.5 and CO emissions are expected due to fuel combustion in generator sets. To serve as a back-up power supply for entire project, 5250 kVA of power is to be supplied through 7 D.G sets of 750 KVA capacity. The specifications of D.G. sets used for modeling are given in Table 5.3.
TABLE 5.3 DG SET SPECIFICATION S. No. Particulars Values
1. DG set capacity (KVA) 750 2. No of stacks 7 3. Height of stack 15 4. Diameter of stack (m) 0.35 5. Exit velocity of gas (m/s) 35.1 6. Exit gas Temperature ( 0C) 492
7. Emission rate (g/s) for each DG set PM 10 0.38 NOX 0.48 SOX 0.06 CO 0.23
The maximum predicted increment in concentrations of SO 2, NOx, PM 10 , and CO due to D.G. sets are estimated about 3.81 µg/m 3, 30.54 µg/m 3, 24.17 µg/m 3 and 14.63 µg/m 3 respectively. The details of predicted value with background air quality levels along with NAAQS are provided in Table 5.4 through Table 5.7 The spatial distribution of predicted pollutants concentration are also shown in Figure 5.1 through Figure 5.4. As the D.G. sets will be operated for back-up power supply only, hence the impact of generation of gaseous pollutants in the ambient environment will be negligible.
3 TABLE 5.4 MAXIMUM GROUND LEVEL SO 2 (µG /M ) CONCENTRATION (24 HOURLY AVERAGED ) DUE TO DG SETS
Maximum 24 Hour GLC Description NAAQS Concentration ( µµµg/m 3)
SO 2 Contribution from Site 3.81
SO 2 Baseline (Average) 8.72 3 Total SO 2 12.53 80 µg/m SO Contribution from Site to 2 30.40% Maximum SO 2
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3 FIGURE 5.1 SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF 24 HOURS AVERAGED SO 2 GLC (µG /M ) DUE TO DG SETS
3 TABLE 5.5 MAXIMUM GROUND LEVEL NO X (µG /M ) CONCENTRATION (24 HOURS AVERAGED ) DUE TO DG SETS Description Maximum 24 Hour GLC NAAQS Concentration ( µµµg/m 3)
NO x Contribution from Site 30.54
NO x Baseline (Average) 15.46 3 Total NO x 46.00 80 µG /M
NO x Contribution from Site to 66.39 %
Maximum NO x
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3 FIGURE 5.2 SPATIAL VARIATION OF 24 HOURS AVERAGED NO X GLC (µG /M ) DUE TO
DG SETS
3 TABLE 5.6 MAXIMUM GROUND LEVEL PM 10 CONCENTRATION (µG /M )
(24 HOURS AVERAGED ) DUE TO D.G. SET
Maximum 24 Hour GLC Description NAAQS Concentration ( µµµg/m 3) Predicted Incremental PM 10 24.17 Contribution 100 µG /M3 PM 10 Baseline (Average) 32.64
Resultant PM 10 56.81
PM 10 Contribution from the Proposed Project towards 42.54%
maximum background PM
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3 FIGURE 5.3 SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF 24 HOURS AVERAGED PM 10 GLC (µG /M ) DUE TO
D.G. SETS
TABLE 5.7 MAXIMUM GROUND LEVEL CO (µG /M3) CONCENTRATION (1 HOURS AVERAGED ) IN DUE TO DG SET
Maximum 8 Hour GLC Description NAAQS Concentration (µµµg/m 3) CO Contribution from Site 14.63
CO Baseline (Maximum) 1114 3 Total CO 1128.63 2000 µG /M CO Contribution from Site to 1.29% Maximum CO
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FIGURE 5.4 SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF 8 HOURS AVERAGED CO GLC (µG /M3) DUE TO
DG SETS
5.5 IMPACT ON NOISE ENVIRONMENT
5.5.1 Impact on Noise Environment during Pre-construction
The major noise generating activity during the pre construction period is vehicular movement and various noise generating equipments, which would be used onsite for construction purpose.
5.5.2 Impact on Noise Environment during Construction and Operation Phase
5.5.2.1 Noise Quality The noise emission sources during construction phase will include construction machineries/equipments to be employed at site. The expected noise levels from the operation of equipment and machineries are provided in Table 5.8 below:
TABLE 5.8: NOISE LEVELS GENERATED FROM CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT Name of Source Noise Level at 16 m (50 ft) from source in dB (A) Back Hoe/Loader 80 Concrete Mixer Truck 85 Dump Truck 84
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Name of Source Noise Level at 16 m (50 ft) from source in dB (A) Generator 82 Pile Driver 95 Jack hammer 85 (Source:-As per construction Noise Handbook, Federal Highway Administration)
5.5.3.1 Impact due to DG sets The major source of noise generation during the construction and operation phase will be due to DG sets used on the project site. The DG sets are proposed to be installed during the construction and operation phase for power back up supply and hence the noise pollution load will be increase. However, the DG sets will be provided with acoustic enclosures so as to keep the noise level within the prescribed standards. Noise Limit for Generator Sets run with Diesel were notified by Environment (Protection) second Amendment Rules vide GSR 371(E), dated 17th May 2002 at serial no.94 and its subsequent amendments. The maximum permissible sound pressure level for new diesel generator (DG) sets with rated capacity upto 1000 KVA, manufactured on or after the 1st January, 2005 shall be 75 dB (A) at 1 m from the enclosure surface. The diesel generator sets should be provided with integral acoustic enclosure at the manufacturing stage itself.
Prediction Model For an approximate estimation of propagation of noise in the ambient air from the area or point source, a standard mathematical model for sound wave propagation has been used which is as follows:
Noise (Receptor) = Noise (Source) - 20 Log [distance (Receptor) / distance (Source) ] The incremental noise level during the construction phase will be predicted using the CPCB approved noise model DHAWANI , applicable for stationary point sources. For the modeling purposes, worst case scenario has been considered assuming a flat terrain and absence of sound absorbers.
Results and Discussion The predicted incremental noise levels without control measures have been presented as noise contours in an area of 1000 m x 1000 m. Modeling has been done by assuming 6 DG sets during the construction phase and 7 DG sets during the operation phase. Modeling results indicate that the cumulative noise level is expected to be within the permissible AAQSRN standards of 55 dB(A) at a distance of about 200 m both during the construction and operation phase. The predicted noise levels are without mitigation measures and i t is assumed that with the adoption of the mitigation measures noise levels will be further restricted within very short distances from the source. With respect to occupational exposure, the permissible threshold is 90 dB (A) for 8 hours per day. Thus, based on the modeling results, it can be concluded that all sensitive receptors (i.e. labour
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colonies) will be located beyond 200 meters from the noise generating sources during construction activities.
FIGURE 5.5 Spatial Variation of Incremental Noise Level during Construction Phase without Control
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FIGURE 5.6 Spatial Variation of Incremental Noise Level during Operation Phase without Control
DG sets will be used only in emergency for back up supply. It will be ensured that the DG sets are enclosed in acoustic enclosures and comply with the prescribed CPCB norms
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5.6 IMPACT ON WATER ENVIRONMENT
5.6.1 Impact on Water Environment during Construction Phase
Surface water resources The water requirement during construction phase will mainly comprise of water for construction purposes and water demand for labourers. The water during construction phase will be sourced through tanker water supply. There will be no extraction of water from surface water resources for using in the proposed development; hence no impact on surface water resources is envisaged. Groundwater resources The proposed development would not extract any ground water resources, as the water requirement during the construction phase will be met through tanker water supply. 5.6.1.2 Water Requirement The water requirement during construction phase can be broadly divided into two categories. • Construction activities (55 KLD) which is the peak period demand during construction phase • Domestic water requirement for labourers (25 KLD) considering 500 labors deployed at the construction period.
The total water requirement during the construction phase would be around 80 KLD.
5.6.1.2 Wastewater Generation It is expected that 20 KLD of waste water will be generated from labour, which will be disposed off in septic tanks. The waste water from septic tanks will be disposed through mobile STP tankers. Construction activities for the proposed development can have minor impact on hydrology and ground water quality of the area. Potential impacts on the hydrology and ground water quality have been discussed as under. Soil runoff from the site leading to off-site contamination (particularly during rainy season). Improper disposal of construction debris leading to off-site contamination of water resources. Unaccounted disposal of domestic wastewater from temporary labour camps. Spillage of oil & grease from the vehicles and wastewater stream generated from on- site activities such as vehicles washing etc.
5.6.1.4 Construction & development of site Development of the proposed site could lead to stockpiling and excavation activity on site, thereby causing erosion of base soil. The runoff from the site may contain high quantity of suspended solids (SS). The impact of runoff on nearby sea water may not be very significant except during rainy season. Further construction of garland drains will reduce the runoff from the stockpiles.
5.6.1.5 Site Workshop The repair and maintenance of equipments/vehicles on site would generate waste containing oil and grease. The wastewater stream would also be generated from vehicle washing. The impact will be mitigated to a great extent by installing oil and grease traps during construction phase.
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5.6.1.6 Construction of roads & parking areas The impact from the road construction depends on both the construction practices and the type of material used. The waste material generated will be construction debris, which can be used in site leveling and any other type of waste like packaging materialswould be stock piled and disposed properly.
5.1.6.7 Construction Labour During construction phase, wastewater shall be generated due to construction workers. Water quality of nearby sources may be impacted if the sewage is disposed without any prior treatment. It is proposed to deploy local population from nearby villages to the maximum extent possible so the waste water generation at site will be minimal. Also septic tanks will be used on site for disposal of waste water generated during construction phase
5.6.2 Impact on Water Environment during Operation Phase
5.6.2.1 Water Requirement During the operation phase, the ultimate water requirement considering all planned developments is expected to be 791 KLD. This includes water requirement for domestic activities, water for landscape development and for HVAC cooling purposes of the entire development, once fully become operational. The estimates have been worked out on the basis of norms as part of the “Manual on norms and Standards for Environment Clearance of Large Construction Projects, MoEF”, and CPHEEO manual on “Water Supply and Treatment”. The water requirements are planned to be met through public supply and if in case, ground water extraction is required, due permission will be taken from the CGWA. The project proposes to recycle treated wastewater for flushing, landscaping and partial HVAC cooling water thereby reducing the fresh water requirement and is expected to be in the order of 496 KLD. The ultimate water demand estimated for various activities within the proposed development, is as shown in Table 5.9.
TABLE 5.9: ULTIMATE WATER REQUIREMENTS FOR PROPOSED PROJECT
S.N. Details Quantity in KLD 1 Domestic Other Than Flushing 272 2 Flushing 48 3 HVAC cooling 78 4 Filter Back Wash 25 5 Swimming Pool and other Process Water Wash 55 4 landscaping 238 5 Water body 75 5.1 West Zone 20 5.2 East Zone 30 5.3 Pools of Villas Clusters 13 5.4 Villa Common Pools 7 5.5 SPA Pool 4 Total 791 KLD (*Source: MoEF Manual on norms and standards for Environmental Clearance of large construction projects, CPHEEO Manual on Water Supply & treatment)
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5.6.2.2 Wastewater Generation and Characteristics The total wastewater generated from the project site will be 310 KLD. This wastewater generated will be treated in an on-site sewage treatment plants based on Membrane Bio-Reactor (MBR) process upto tertiary level having total design capacity of 375 KLD. The total reclaimed water available for use is 295 KLD out of which 238 KLD will be used for landscaping, 48 KLD for flushing, and 9 KLD for partial HVAC cooling. The water balance for proposed development of beach resort are as shown in Annexure 5.1. For optimal management (treatment and reuse), wastewater generation has been categorized under two sources: • Gray water (wastewater generated from various activities, except for the wastewater produced from the toilet flushing) • Black water (wastewater generated from the toilet)
The effluents will be treated to meet the permissible limits as per CPCB guidelines as given in Table 5.10. However, the proposed development will ensure zero discharge of treated effluent. The general quality of sewage inlet characteristics and treated effluents have been discussed below.
General Quality of Sewage Inlet Characteristics S.N. Particulars Details 1. Nature of Waste Sewage 2. pH 6.0-8.0 3. Suspended solid <0.1 mg/L 4. BOD 250 -450 mg/L 5. COD 500 -800 mg/ L 6. TDS 400 mg/L 7. Oil & grease 10 mg/L
Quality of Treated Effluent S.N. Particulars Details 1 pH 6.5-8.5 2 Suspended solid <0.1 mg/L 3 BOD <5 mg/L 4 COD <30 mg/L 5 TDS <10 mg/L
TABLE 5.10: STANDARDS FOR EFFLUENT DISPOSAL Into inland Into public On land for S.N Parameter surface waters sewers, mg/l irrigation, mg/l 1 pH 5.5-9.0 5.5-9.0 5.5-9.0 2 BOD for 5 days at 20 oC, mg/L 30 350 100 3 Chemical Oxygen Demand, mg/L 250 - - 4 Suspended Solids, mg/L 100 600 200 5 Total Dissolved Solids, mg/L 2100 2100 2100 6 Temperature, mg/L 40 45 - 7 Oil and grease, mg/L 10 20 10
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Into inland Into public On land for S.N Parameter surface waters sewers, mg/l irrigation, mg/l 8 Phenolic compounds, mg/L 1 5 - 9 Cyanides, mg/L 0.2 2 0.2 10 Sulphides, mg/L 2 - - 11 Fluorides, mg/L 2 15 - 12 Total resid ual chlorine, mg/L 1 - - 13 Pesticides, mg/L - - - 14 Arsenic, mg/L 0.2 0.2 0.02 15 Cadmium , mg/L 2 1 - 16 Chromium (Hexavalent) , mg/L 0.2 2 - 17 Copper, mg/L 3 3 - 18 Lead, mg/L 0.1 1 - 19 Mercury , mg/L 0.01 0.01 - 20 Nickel , mg/L 3 3 - 21 Selenium , mg/L 0.05 0.05 - 22 Zinc, mg/L 5 15 - 23 Chlorides, mg/L 1000 1000 600 24 Boron, mg/L 2 2 2 25 Sulphates, mg/L 1000 1000 1000 26 Sodium ( 9%), mg/L - 60 60 27 Ammonical Nitrogen, mg/L 50 50 - 28 Radioactive materials 10 -7 10 -7 10 -8 29 Alph a emitters (milicurie/ml) 10 -6 10 -6 10 -7 The impact on water environment will not be significant as the proposed development would not extract groundwater resources. However, if in case of any withdrawal from ground water, due permission will be taken from CGWA. The proposed development is not likely to have any impact on the water quality of the area as it is committed not to discharge any effluents outside the developed area and ensured zero discharge of effluent. Thus, full reutilization of treated effluent will be done on site through landscaping, flushing and for HVAC requirement.
5.7 IMPACT ON LAND ENVIRONMENT
5.7.1 Impact on Land Environment during Construction Phase
Earthwork The proposed site is an undulating terrain with a variation of 7 m between the highest and lowest contour level, thereby increasing the leveling requirement. Once the leveling of the land is done, the construction of buildings for various purposes will be carried out, which will entail excavation of material. Total excavated earth = 30000 cum. The cut and fill will be balanced by volume of earth which would be excavated. No extra earth will be required .
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The soil of the proposed site may be affected due to improper waste disposal on the site but in view of proper waste management for construction and demolition waste, chemical waste and municipal solid waste generated during the construction phase no impact is envisaged on soil. Wastes which are likely to be generated during the construction phase include the following:
Construction and Demolition Waste The proposed development will involve generation of construction and demolition (C&D) waste. The waste generated from various other construction activities contain a mixture of inert and non-inert material, which include waste timber formwork, spent concrete and cement screening, material and equipment wrappings. This will be disposed of with help of local vendor. Municipal Waste The municipal waste generated during the construction phase will comprise of waste generated from the temporary labour camps. Workers engaged during construction phase will generate municipal solid wastes such as food wastes, packaging and wastepaper. The waste from labor camps would be mainly household domestic waste and it is estimated to be 0.05 TPD. The waste generation during construction phase will not have any impact as the waste generated from labour camps will be predominantly organic in nature and will be stored within the construction area for biodegradation and covered with soil layer (daily cover) on regular basis.
5.7.1.5 Drainage The site is located near the seashore and therefore proper care need to be taken to avoid any runoff from the project site into the sea water. The site is an undulating terrain, with a considerable variation of highest and lowest part of the land. The proposed project would involve construction of paved areas and thus the runoff from the project site is expected to increase. However, the increased runoff will not cause flooding or water logging because a well-designed storm water network will be provided within the entire site premises, which will be stored in pond or tank.
5.7.2 Impact on Land Environment during Operation Phase
Soil During the operation phase, carefully designed landscaped areas and plantation will be maintained. No significant impact is expected on the soils on and around the site, due to the following management measures: i. All solid and hazardous wastes from the project will be properly collected, stored and disposed. An integrated solid waste management plan will be developed as per the details given in Chapter 6. ii. Wastewater will be treated and disinfected and reused for various purposes on site and will not be discharged outside the premises. iii. Storm water will be stored properly and reused within the premises. iv. Secondary containment will be provided in fuel, oil and other material storage areas.
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v. The entire site area will be well paved and thus there will be no leaching of any substances in case of spills. Hence, no negative impact on soil quality in the study area is expected due to the project activities.
Impacts due to Solid Waste Disposal During operation phase, solid waste will be generated from various activities, which have been quantified on the basis of Manual for Municipal solid waste management and handling (MSW Rules, 2000) and as per the norms prescribed by Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering Organization (CPHEEO) for biodegradable and non biodegradable waste and is shown in Table 5.11. The generated solid waste will be disposed off and due to the improper disposal of waste the soil of the proposed site and the surrounding areas is likely to be affected.
TABLE 5.11: EXPECTED SOLID WASTE GENERATION S.N. Nature Quantity Method of disposal (Kg/day) 1. Bio-degradable 786.16 Treated on site 2. Non-biodegradable 2.1 Recyclable 333.12 Sold out to authorized recycler 2.2 Hazardous 79.94 Sold to vendor authorized by MPCB 2.3 Inert 133.24 Disposal to the site of Nagarparishad, Vengurala Total quantity of waste generated during the 1.3 TPD operation phase
The total waste generated from the proposed project is expected to be about 1.3 TPD comprising of biodegradable, non biodegradable, hazardous and inert waste. Proper segregation, collection, storage, treatment and disposal facilities for various categories of waste will be provided in accordance with the regulatory requirements. MSW including horticulture waste will be generated during the operation phase and will be handled as per the Municipal Solid Waste Management & Handling Rules, 2000. Segregation at source will be introduced with bio-degradable and non recyclable/non-biodegradable waste to be stored and collected separately. The biodegradable waste will be stored, treated on site and then transported to nearest designated waste storage bins, where as the non recyclable and non biodegradable waste will be disposed off to authorized recyclers. The inert waste will be disposed to the site of Nagarparisahd Vengurala. The sewage sludge will be generated from the sewage treatment plant and will be disposed off. The sludge from the water treatment plant could be used in horticulture. During this phase, environmental impact from solid waste disposal can typically include contamination of soil, ground water, surface water and air quality. Solid waste, if disposed improperly can cause following impact on the environment. Ground water contamination by leachate generated by non-scientific dumping. Surface water contamination by the run off from the dumping site
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Bad odor, Pests, rodents and wind blown litter in and around the dumping site. Generation of inflammable gases (e.g. Methane) Fires within the waste dump. Bird menace above dumping site which affects flight of air craft Erosion and stability problem relating to slope of the dumping site Epidemic through stray animals Increased concentration of acidity in the surrounding soil Release of green house gases. Impacts may also result from improper siting, inadequate design and poor operation. However for the proposed project, impacts from waste disposal would not be significant, since waste would be converted to compost at the project site using suitable composting technique and Rejects from compost along with non-recyclable and non-compostable fraction of waste would be disposed as per the Municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000.
5.7.2.3 Impacts due to E-Waste The generated e-waste from the proposed development will be stored at a warehouse to be setup within site and will be sent to authorized recyclers or e-waste processing plants for treatment as per E- Waste [Management & Handling] Rules, 2010.
5.8 IMPACT ON ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT
5.8.1 Impact on Ecological Environment during Construction Phase
The proposed site is having lots of trees of significant importance and has over 60% ground cover by the well grown orchards (List of site flora has been provided in baseline chapter under ecology section). Trees are matured and are over 20 years old. The core zone (Project site) is basically is a horticultural land and there is no forest land in and around the site. In the buffer zone (10 km radius in the surrounding area) has no Reserved or Protected forest. During the construction phase, impact may be envisaged on the above local flora. In view of this, proper mitigation measures would be taken during the construction phase and proper green belt will be provided after the completion of the project.The existing trees will be incorporated in the landscape development. Detailed landscape plan has been discussed below in EMP chapter. The site did not show any significant reptilian population. Excepting the Bronze back, the other snake species were determined by occurrence of old moults found on the site. The site did not show any significant varieties of mammals. The only mammal that was seen sporadically was palm squirrel. During the construction phase, temporary impact on local fauna may be envisaged at the proposed project site and therefore proper mitigation measures will be taken during this phase in order to avoid any adverse impact on above mentioned local terrestrial species The bird activity was found to be high. Mainly the insectivores species were active throughout the study period. The dense plantation, mixed with local weeds and other species ensures a good butterfly habitat During the construction period these species might get disturbed, however, this situation will be for a very shorter period of time and multilayered peripheral greenbelt will provide an excellent habitat for
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these species once the project landscape becomes fully grown. Hence, no long term impact to this local avifauna is envisaged from this resort beach development.
5.8.2 Impact on Ecological Environment during Operation Phase
The likely impacts of the proposed development during the operation phase include air and noise pollution and disturbance generated due to area lighting and traffic movement. This may affect the mammals and birds in the vicinity. The landscape development will consider the nativity of the species so that local faunal species are supported further. Moreover, landscaping of approximately 25.10 acres will be carried out as part of the proposed development.
5.9 IMPACT ON SOCIO -ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT
5.9.1 Impact on Socio-Economic Environment During Construction Phase
Social Impact Assessment involves the processes of analyzing, monitoring and managing the intended and unintended social consequences both positive and negative of planned interventions and any social change processes invoked by those interventions. Its primary purpose is to bring about a more sustainable and equitable biophysical and human environment. This section discusses the proposed development, project activities and the extent of potential impacts anticipated from the proposed development. During the social consultation process, some issues were raised, which are as follows : • Priority to the local people for employment during construction and operation phase. • Increased activity in the area would hamper free movement of villagers
The above concerns of the local community are addressed in the impact assessment and management plan.
5.9.2 Impact on Socio-Economic Environment during Operation Phase
Positive Impacts
Regional Development: The proposed project will have a positive effect in creation of job opportunities for the people in the project area. There will be a need for employing technical, non technical, administrative and support staff during this phase, for which due preference will be given to the locals based on their skill sets. The improvement in the physical infrastructure and land use change will lead to significant appreciation of the land value. Scope will be widened for other investors and developers also to invest in the area.
Employment and Job opportunity: The proposed development will generate employment for all sectors of the society with the type of opportunity vary from technical, non-technical, administrative, support staff etc. Other potential developers would also be interested in investing in this area thereby opening more employment opportunities for the people in the whole area.
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Accessing prevailing utilities: The resources being utilized by the locals will not be affected in any way as all the resources and infrastructure in the proposed development is self-contained. Adequate sewerage facility, solid waste disposal, water harvesting system, drainage etc will be developed within the project premises.
Ancillary activities: The proposed development is beach resort, which will trigger ancillary commercial activities in the nearby region and will have an positive impact on the social environment. Benefits to women: During the construction phase, the proposed project will provide opportunity of employment related to construction activities. During the operation phase there will be considerable opportunities of employment due to demand of domestic help and other such requirements of the habitants of the project. The proximity of the project site to nearby village will benefit local women in getting involved in such jobs.
Negative Impacts Traffic and Transport: During the construction phase, truck movement due to construction activities will take place. In order to minimize any inconvenience that may arise, the movement of trucks would be allowed during night and non-peak hours. During the operation phase, the traffic in the area is likely to increase. This may lead to traffic congestion and inconvenience for pedestrians and residents accessing the localities. The traffic study and Transportation Management Plan being developed for the project will mitigate these impacts. Transit Labour population: Labourers for the project would be from surrounding areas. About 450-500 labourers would be working on the site and most of them would be on contract or from the neighbouring settlements.
Negligible Impacts Resettlement & rehabilitation issues: Since there is no existing settlement on the proposed project area, hence there is no issue of resettlement or rehabilitation.
Demography: During construction and operation phase, some of the work force is likely to be nonlocal. It is highly unlikely that this will affect or alter the existing demographic profile and population density.
Impact on historical, archeological & architectural sites: There are no historical or archeological monuments of significance within 10 kilometers radius of the project and hence no negative impact in this regard is anticipated.
5.10 IMPACT ON HISTORICAL , ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND ARCHITECTURAL SITES The proposed site and its surrounding areas do not have archaeological structures, hence no such demolition of any structures are envisaged due to the proposed development.
5.11 SUMMARY OF IMPACTS A summary of likely impacts due to proposed project is noted in Table 5.12.
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TABLE 5.12 SUMMARY MATRIX OF PREDICTED IMPACTS DUE TO PROPOSED PROJECT S. Components Activities Predicted impacts Extent of Impacts No CONSTRUCTION PHASE -Dust emissions from Impacts are temporary during Minor Negative site preparation, construction phase. Impacts impact inside the Ambient Air excavation, material will be confined to short 1. premises. No Quality handling and other distances, as coarse particles negative impact construction activities will settle within the short outside the site. at Site. distance from activities. Minor negative Temporary impacts during impact near noise construction phase. No blasting -Noise generated from generation sources or other high intensity noise construction activities inside premises. activities envisaged. 2. Noise and operation of No significant Contribution of noise during construction impact on ambient the operational phase will be equipment noise levels at confined in time and space. sensitive receptors. -Surface runoff from Impact will be temporary. project site Local labour will be employed. -Oil/fuel and waste Minimal due to Workers shall be provided spills. 3. Water quality effective EMP potable water for drinking. -Improper debris proposal Proper mitigation measures disposal will be taken to avoid any -Discharge of sewage runoff in the nearby seashore. from labour camp. The project has ample open Permanent positive areas and green spaces, with Landuse and -Land development 4 impact sustainable infrastructure plan Aesthetics that will enhance the visual appeal of the area. Region is undulating and hence proper mitigation measures are -Existing site is required to maintain the local undulating and topography of the area. No Topography therefore proper 5 Minor Impacts deposits of minerals on site and Geology levelling is required to leading to loss of revenue. maintain the natural Building will be designed as topography of the area per IS standards for earthquake protection. -Construction activity Minor negative 6. Soil leading to topsoil Temporary impact removal and erosion. Ecology -Habitat disturbance Significant The site and adjacent areas 7 Flora and during construction negative impact may have impact on flora and
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S. Components Activities Predicted impacts Extent of Impacts No Fauna activity fauna diversity of the area and therefore proper care need to be taken to minimize the disturbance to local ecology. -Increased job opportunity for locals. Economy related to Socio- Overall positive 8 commercial real estate economy impact development, material supply etc. expected to boom. 9 Traffic -Haul Truck movement Minor negative Pattern and possibility of Impact traffic congestion outside site on the highway.
OPERATION PHASE
Minor negative impact inside the DG sets will be used only as -Particulate and premises from back up and would be required Ambient Air gaseous emissions 1. onsite cars. a maximum for 8 hours a day. Quality from DG sets and Negative impact A higher stack is vehicle movement outside site from recommended in the EMP. DG sets. Minor negative -Noise from vehicle impact inside Contribution of noise from the movement and premises. project during operational 2. Noise operation of diesel No significant phase will be limited to minor generator sets during impact at sensitive increase. power failure. receptors.
-Oil/fuel and waste spills. Proper waste management plan Water -Discharge of sewage. No significant and storm water management 3. Quality -Discharge of adverse impact plan will be developed inside contaminated storm the premises only to avoid any water contamination of nearby seashore water.
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S. Components Activities Predicted impacts Extent of Impacts No
-Use of ~ 496 KLD Water Minor negative 4. fresh water Public supply Availability impact requirement at peak
-Storage and disposal of solid and hazardous wastes Minor negative 5 Soils -Discharge of sewage impact -Fuel and material spills -Pesticides use In whole study area highly significant flora and fauna was recorded. Therefore proper -Landuse change Ecology care will be taken during the -Discharge of Minor negative 6. Flora and construction and operation wastewater to surface impact Fauna phase to avoid any disturbance water bodies to local ecology The existing trees will be incorporated in the landscape development. -Increased job opportunity for locals in the site for general services inside the project. Socio- Overall positive 7. -Project will involve -- economy impact road upgrading, better power supply, water source and other infrastructure facilities etc. Traffic management measures and additional road -The project is likely to infrastructure will be planned Traffic Moderate Negative 8. add to the traffic on by the developers with the Pattern Impact nearby roads consent of the concerned authorities to meet the increased traffic loads.
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CHAPTER 6. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
6.1 INTRODUCTION Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is the key to ensure that the environmental quality of the zone under impact does not deteriorate due to the construction and operation of the project. The EMP comprises a set of measures to be taken in different phases of the project such as construction and operation to reduce adverse environmental impacts to an acceptable level. Mitigation plans generally evolve around remediation and offsetting.
6.2 CAPACITY BUILDING FOR EMP IMPLEMENTATION The EMP will be implemented by Elite Township Private Limited, especially during construction. Elite Township Pvt. Ltd. will achieve capacity building in Environmental field through appointment of a team of expert environmental professionals or professional with skill set in environment management. All environmental monitoring work will be undertaken by the contractors through an approved and NABL accredited laboratory.
6.3 IMPLEMENT ARRANGEMENTS FOR EMP The implementation of the EMP will be initiated by M/s Elite Township Pvt. Ltd. Elite Township Pvt. Ltd. will have a multi disciplinary team and will also have an environmental management cell having a senior level environmental expert supported by a numbers of middle level environmental experts. This team will ensure compliances of mitigation measures and all statutory requirements. The team will also implement all EMP provisions and respective environmental experts will supervise EMP implementation. The senior environmental expert will mainly report EMP compliances to management and statutory undertakers. The EMP implementation chart has been given as Figure 6.1.
6.4 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN MATRIX The Environmental Management Plan is meant for mitigation/management /avoidance of the negative impacts and the enhancement of the various environmental components of the project. The measure adopted and /or to be adopted during the different stages of the project have been detailed in Table 6.1 , for pre construction, construction and operation phases respectively.
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FIGURE 6.1: EMP IMPLEMENTATION CHART
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TABLE 6.1 : ENVIRONNEMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN MATRIX
S. No. Environmental Aspect/Issue Management Measures Responsibility
Planning And Pre -Construction Phase The land has already been purchased from the private property holder at prevailing market prices and hence it does not involve any land related issues. 1. Land Acquisition M/s Elite Township Pvt. Ltd. will ensure that any additional environmental Project Proponent impacts resulting in the land will be properly addressed and integrated into the EMP and other relevant documents. The proposed project does not involve any trees accept cutting of small bushes 2. Preservation of Trees Project Proponent through Contractor and ground vegetation. Batching plants with air control measures will be located within the project site. The plant will comply with the requirements of the relevant current emission Crushers, hot-mix plants and control legislations and Consent/NOC for all such plants will be submitted to 3. Project Proponent through Contractor Batching Plants Location Project Proponent. Arrangements to control dust pollution through provision of windscreens, sprinklers, and dust encapsulation will also be provided at all such sites. All vehicles, equipment and machinery procured for construction will comply with the Bureau of India Standard (BIS) norms. The discharge standards formulated under the Environment Protection Act, 1986 will be strictly adhered to. Other Construction Vehicles, 4. Noise limits for construction equipments such as compactors, rollers, front Project Proponent through Contractor Equipment and Machinery loaders concrete mixers, cranes (moveable), vibrators and saws will not exceed 75 dB (A), measured at one meter from the edge of the equipment in free field, as specified in the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. Tanker water will be used for fulfilling the water requirement during construction Arrangement for Construction period. 5. Project Proponent through Contractor Water The contractor will not be allowed to use any community water resource, any irrigation canal or any surface water body for construction activities. Unskilled labor from local communities will be given preference so as to provide 6. Labor Requirements Project Proponent through Contractor maximum benefit to the local community.
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S. No. Environmental Aspect/Issue Management Measures Responsibility
Labour camps will be such that there will no conflicts and stress over the infrastructure facilities with the local community. Construction Camp Locations – Location for stockyards for construction materials will be made within the site, so 7. Project Proponent through Contractor Selection, Design and Lay-out as to avoid day transportation of raw material. The waste disposal and sewage system for the labour camps will be designed in a manner such that there are no adverse impacts on the surrounding areas.
Orientation of Implementing Project Proponent will organize orientation sessions and regular on-site training 8. Environment Management Cell of Project Agency and Contractors sessions during all stages of the project including training for local workers as Proponent well as for the contractor staff. Construction Phase Site Clearing Site Clearing The proposed site will be cleared off all the weeds, shrubs and ground 1. Project Proponent through Contractor vegetation prior to commencement of any construction activity. Disposal locations will be identified as a part of Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan to be prepared by the Contractor in consultation and with approval of Project Proponent. Contractor will ensure that any spoils of material unsuitable for embankment fill will not be disposed off near any water course, agricultural land, and natural Other Construction Wastes 2. habitat like grass lands or pastures. Such spoils from excavation can be used to Project Proponent through Contractor Disposal reclaim borrow pits and low-lying areas located in barren lands along the project area. All waste materials will be completely disposed and the site will be fully cleaned and certified by Environmental Management Cell of Project Proponent before handing over. Procurement of Construction Material Contractor will maintain all roads (existing or built for the project), which are used Transporting Construction for transporting construction materials, equipment and machineries as précised. 3. Materials and Haul Road Project Proponent through Contractor All vehicles delivering fine materials to the site will be covered to avoid spillage of Management materials.
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S. No. Environmental Aspect/Issue Management Measures Responsibility
Contractor will arrange for regular water sprinkling as necessary for dust suppression of all such roads and surfaces. The unloading of materials at construction sites in/close to settlements will be restricted to daytime only. The contractor will use the tanker water supply.
4. Construction Water Project Proponent through Contractor The contractor will take all precaution to minimize the wastage / usage of water in the construction process/ operation. Construction Work It will be ensured by the contractor that only tanker water will be used for Disruption to Other Users of construction purposes and no water is withdrawn from any community water 5. Project Proponent through Contractor Water bodies.
Contractor will ensure that no construction materials like earth, stone, ash will be disposed off which can block any flow of water Contractor will take all necessary measures to prevent the blockage of water 6. Drainage and Flood Control flow. In addition to the design requirements, the contractor will take all required Project Proponent through Contractor measures to prevent any temporary or permanent change in the drainage pattern of the area.
It will be ensured by the contractor that any surface run off during construction activities will be diverted through garland drains into a collection tank wherein it 7. Degradation of Water Quality Project Proponent through Contractor will be separated for oil and silt, thereby making it fit to be used for construction activities or disposal to nearby water bodies. Pollution The Contractor will take all precautionary measures to prevent the wastewater generated during construction from entering into streams, water bodies or the Water Pollution from 8. irrigation system. Project Proponent through Contractor Construction Wastes All waste arising from the proposed development will be disposed off as per the norms of State Pollution Control Board.
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S. No. Environmental Aspect/Issue Management Measures Responsibility
The contractor will ensure that all construction vehicle parking location, fuel/lubricants storage sites, vehicle, machinery and equipment maintenance and refueling sites will be located close to the project site. All location and lay-out plans of such sites will be submitted by the Contractor prior to their establishment and will be approved by Project Proponent. Contractor will ensure that all vehicle/machinery and equipment operation, maintenance and refueling will be carried out in such a way that spillage of fuels Water Pollution from Fuel and 9. and lubricants does not contaminate the ground. Oil interceptors will be provided Project Proponent through Contractor Lubricants for vehicle parking, wash down and refueling areas as per the design provided. Contractor will arrange for collection and storing and disposal of oily wastes and the same will be sold to vendors authorized by MoEF for recycling. All spills and collected petroleum products will be disposed off in accordance with MoEF and SPCB guidelines. Contractor will certify that all arrangements comply with the guidelines of SPCB/MoEF or any other relevant laws. It will be ensured by the contractor that the construction equipments conform to relevant dust emission control legislation and that they are located close to the site, preferably in downwind direction. 10. Dust Pollution Project Proponent through Contractor The dust pollution during construction activities will be reduced through water sprinkling, encapsulation of dust source and by erection of screen/barriers. The pollution monitoring will be conducted as per the monitoring plan. Contractor will ensure that all vehicles, equipment and machinery used for Emission from Construction construction are regularly maintained and confirm that pollution emission levels 11. Vehicles, Equipment and comply with the relevant requirements of SPCB. Project Proponent through Contractor Machineries The Contractor will submit PUC certificates for all vehicles/ equipment/machinery used for the project. The Contractor will confirm the following: Noise Pollution: Noise from 1. All plants and equipment used in construction (including crushing plant) shall 12. Project Proponent through Contractor Vehicles, Plants and Equipments strictly conform to the MoEF/CPCB noise standards. 2. All vehicles and equipment used in construction will be fitted with exhaust
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S. No. Environmental Aspect/Issue Management Measures Responsibility
silencers. 3. Servicing of all construction vehicles and machinery will be done regularly and during routine servicing operations, the effectiveness of exhaust silencers will be checked and if found defective will be replaced. 4. At the construction sites within 250 m of the nearest habitation, noisy construction work such as crushing, concrete mixing, batching will be stopped during the night time between 10.00 pm to 6.00 am. 5. Monitoring shall be carried out at the construction sites as per the monitoring schedule and results will be submitted to Project Proponent will be required to inspect regularly to ensure the compliance of EMP. Safety Contractor will provide: 1. Personal Protective Equipments (PPE) will be provided to all the labourers during construction phase. 2. Adequate safety measures for workers during handling of materials at site will be taken up. Personal Safety 3. The contractor will comply with all the precautions as required for ensuring 13. Project Proponent through Contractor Measures for Labour the safety of the workmen as per the International Labor Organization (ILO) Convention No. 62 as far as those are applicable to this contract. 4. The Contractor will mark ‘hard hat’ and ‘no smoking’ and other ‘high risk’ areas and enforce non-compliance of use of PPE with zero tolerance. These will be reflected in the Construction Safety Plan to be prepared by the Contractor during mobilization and will be approved by Project Proponent. The contractor will take all necessary measures for the safety of traffic during construction and provide, erect and maintain such barricades, including signs, markings, flags, lights and flagmen as proposed in the Traffic Control 14. Traffic and Safety Plan/Drawings for the information and protection of traffic approaching or Project Proponent through Contractor passing through the section of any existing cross roads. The contractor will ensure that all signs, barricades, pavement markings are provided as per the MoRTH specifications.
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S. No. Environmental Aspect/Issue Management Measures Responsibility
The Contractor will take all required precautions to prevent danger from electrical equipment and ensure that - 1. No material will be so stacked or placed as to cause danger or inconvenience to any person or the public. Risk from Electrical 2. All necessary fencing and lights will be provided to protect the public in 15. Project Proponent through Contractor Equipment(s) construction zones. 3. All machines to be used in the construction will conform to the relevant Indian Standards (IS) codes, will be free from patent defect, will be kept in good working order, will be regularly inspected and properly maintained as per IS provision. The contractor will take all reasonable precautions to prevent danger to the workers and public from fire, flood etc. resulting due to construction activities. The contractor will make required arrangements so that in case of any mishap all 16. Risk Force Measure necessary steps can be taken for prompt first aid treatment. Construction will Project Proponent through Contractor submit Site Specific Safety Plan and will be approved by Project Proponent. The safety plan prepared by the Contractor will identify necessary actions in the event of an emergency. The contractor will arrange for - 1. A readily available first aid unit including an adequate supply of sterilized dressing materials and appliances as per the Factories Rules in every work 17. First Aid Project Proponent through Contractor zone 2. Availability of suitable transport at all times to take injured or sick person(s) to the nearest hospital. The contractor will p rovide, erect and maintain informatory/safety signs, Project Proponent through Contractor 18. Informatory Signs and Hoardings hoardings written in English, Hindi and local language, wherever required. Flora & Fauna (Plantation, Preservation, Conservation Measures) The contractor will take reasonable precaution to prevent his workmen or any other persons from removing and damaging any flora (plant/vegetation) and 19. Flora and Fauna Project Proponent through Contractor fauna (animal). If any carcass of any wild animal/ wetland bird is found near the construction site
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at any point of time, the contractor will immediately take necessary actions for dealing with the same. Labour Camp Management Contractor will follow all relevant provisions of the Factories Act, 1948 and the Building and the other Construction Workers (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Act, 1996 for construction and maintenance of labor camp. 20. Accommodation Project Proponent through Contractor The contractor will maintain necessary living accommodation and ancillary facilities in functional and hygienic manner. It will also be ensured that, local labour will be hired to the maximum extent possible. The Contractor will construct and maintain all labor accommodation in such a way that uncontaminated water is available for drinking, cooking and washing. The contractor will also guarantee the following: 1. Supply of sufficient quantity of potable water (as per IS) in every workplace/labor camp site at suitable and regular maintenance of such 21. Potable Water Project Proponent through Contractor. facilities. 2. If any water storage tank is provided that will be kept such that the bottom of the tank at least 1m. 3. c) Testing of water will be done every month as per parameters prescribed in IS 10500:1991. The contractor will ensure that 1. the sewage system for the camp are designed, built and operated in such a way that no health hazards occurs and no pollution to the air, ground water or adjacent water courses take place 22. Sanitation and Sewage System 2. separate toilets/bathrooms, wherever required, screened from those from Project Proponent through Contractor men (marked in vernacular) are to be provided for women 3. adequate water supply is to be provided in all toilets and urinals 4. all toilets in workplaces are with dry-earth system (receptacles) which are to be cleaned and kept in a strict sanitary condition
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S. No. Environmental Aspect/Issue Management Measures Responsibility
5. human excreta is to be disposed of by putting layer of it at the bottom of a permanent tank prepared for the purpose and covered with 15 cm. layer of waste or refuse and then covered with a layer of earth for a fortnight. The contractor will provide garbage bins in the camps and ensure that these are 23. Waste Disposal regularly emptied and disposed off in a hygienic manner as per the Project Proponent through Contractor. Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan, provided by Project Proponent. Contractor’s Demobilization Contractor will prepare site restoration plans. The clean-up and restoration operations will be implemented by the contractor prior to demobilization. The contractor will clear all temporary structures; dispose all garbage as per Comprehensive Waste Management Plan, provided by Project Proponent. All Clean-up Operations, 24. disposal pits or trenches will be filled in and effectively sealed off. Project Proponent through Contractor. Restoration and Rehabilitation All construction zones including road-side areas, camps, hot mix plant sites, crushers, batching plant sites and any other area used/affected by the project will be left clean and tidy, at the contractor's expense, to the entire satisfaction of Project Proponent Operation Phase Environment Management Cell of Project Proponent will monitor the operational performance of the various mitigation/ enhancement measures carried out as a Monitoring Operation Environment Management Cell of Project 1. part of the project. Performance Proponent. The indicators selected for monitoring include the survival rate of trees; status of rehabilitation of borrows areas; and utility of noise barriers. Facility Management Team of Project Proponent will ensure that all drains (side drains, median drain and all cross drainages) are periodically cleared especially before monsoon season to facilitate the quick passage of rainwater and avoid Facility Management Team of Project 2. Maintenance of Drainage flooding. Proponent They will also ensure that all the sediment and oil and grease traps set up at the water bodies are cleared once in every three months. The periodic monitoring of the ambient air quality, noise level, water (both ground Environment Management Cell of Project 3. Pollution Monitoring and surface water) quality, soil pollution/contamination in the selected locations Proponent through MoEF / NABL Accredited
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as suggested in pollution monitoring plan will be responsibility of Project Laboratory. Proponent, for which monitoring laboratory dully accredited by MoEF / NABL will be hired. Ambient air concentrations of various pollutants will be monitored as envisaged Environment Management Cell of Project 4. Air Pollution in the pollution-monitoring plan. Proponent through MoEF / NABL Accredited Green belt development will be carried out and maintained. Laboratory Noise pollution will be monitored as per monitoring plan at different zones. Noise Environment Management Cell of Project control programs will be enforced strictly. 5. Noise Pollution Proponent through MoEF / NABL Accredited Monitoring the effectiveness of the pollution attenuation barriers, if there is any, Laboratory will be taken up thrice in the operation period. Visual monitoring and inspection of soil erosion will be carried out once in every Environment Management Cell of Project 6. Soil Erosion three months as suggested in monitoring plan. Proponent Project Proponent will ensure that no effluent from the proposed development Maintenance of surface water will be discharged into any surface water bodies. It will ensure that water Environment Management Cell of Project 7. bodies conservation measures are being implemented and that the treated effluent is Proponent. effectively reused within the site. Project Proponent will ensure that effective energy conservation measures are Environment Mana gement Cell of Project 8. Energy Conservation Measures being adopted so as to reduce the power demand. Proponent Project Proponent will ensure that the municipal solid waste generated during the operation phase of the proposed project will be handled as per the Municipal Solid Waste Management & Handling Rules, 2000. The E-waste generated will be handled as per the E-Waste Management & Handling Rules, 2010, biomedical waste (if generated) will be sent to authorize Environment Management Cell of Project 9. Solid waste Management biomedical recyclers as per notified Biomedical Waste Management Handling Proponent (Amendment) Rules, 1998. The hazardous waste will be stored within the site and will be handled as per the Hazardous Waste Management Handling and Transboundary Movement (Amendment) Rules, 2009. Project Proponent will ensure that for the proposed development, water from the Environment Management Cell of Project 10. Water Sourcing existing public supply will be used; however, in case of extraction of water from Proponent
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ground water, necessary permission will be taken from CGWA and subsequently, the ground water recharge will be done through rain water harvesting techniques. Project Proponent will ensure that no untreated wastewater will be discharged outside the project premises. It will be ensured that the wastewater generated is Environment Management Cell of Project 11. Wastewater Treatment treated in STP and is reused for landscaping, flushing and HVAC cooling Proponent purposes within the development. Project Proponent will ensure water recycling for landscaping, flushing and Environment Management Cell of Project 12. Water Conservation HVAC cooling purposes within the project premises. Proponent
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The detailed Environmental Management Plan (EMP) required to mitigate the adverse environmental impacts during construction and operation phase of the project are as given below:
6.5 EMP FOR AIR ENVIRONMENT Construction Phase
6.5.1 Site Preparation
Environmental impacts during construction phase will mainly arise due to civil works such as site preparation, RCC foundation, construction etc., material and machinery transportation, fabrication and erection etc. The construction phase impacts are temporary and localized phenomena except the permanent change in local landscape and land use pattern at the project site. However, they require due consideration with importance during project execution and also wherever applicable detailed procedures shall be implemented to prevent/mitigate adverse impacts and occupational hazards. To mitigate the impact of dust during the construction phase of the proposed project, the following measures are recommended for implementation: • A dust control plan; and • Procedural changes to construction activities. a. Dust Control Plan Appropriate measures have been recommended and will be implemented to mitigate the adverse impacts of dust on health of construction workers and the settlements around the site. The following measures have been recommended: Paving : The major access roads to the site will be paved as a part of the overall development plan. The material storage areas will also be paved for dust control. Graveling: Locally found gravel will be applied to the other access roads to serve as a protective layer over the exposed soil. Water Sprinkling: Water sprinkling will be carried out for the surfaces exposed to high wind speeds or heavy vehicular movement. Reducing Vehicle Speed: High vehicle speeds increase the amount of fugitive dust created from unpaved areas. Speed bumps will be provided to ensure speed reduction on unpaved areas. Material Storage: All material storage areas will be adequately covered and contained so that they are not exposed to high wind speeds on site leading to dust/particulate emissions. Fabrics and plastics will be used for covering soils and debris to reduce fugitive dust emissions. b. Procedural Changes to Construction Activities Production and Transportation of Material - The transport of materials such as concrete and asphalt to the construction sites generate significant amount of road dust, especially for sites that are relatively far from material manufacturers. Setting up temporary portable concrete plants and/or asphalt plants at construction sites can eliminate haulage of materials.
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Idling Time Reduction - Construction equipment is commonly left idling while the operators are on break or waiting for the completion of another task. Emissions from idling equipment tend to be high, since catalytic converters cool down, thus reducing the efficiency of hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide oxidation. Existing idling control technologies, which automatically shut the engine off after a preset time can reduce emissions, without intervention from the operators. Improved Maintenance - Recognizing that significant emission reductions can be achieved through regular equipment maintenance, contractors will be asked to provide maintenance records for their fleet as part of the contract bid and at regular intervals throughout the life of the contract. To mitigate the impacts of DG set operation it will ensured that the DG set would have sufficient stack height as per CPCB guidelines to disperse the pollutants.
6.5.2 Noise Environment
To mitigate the impact of noise from the construction equipments on site, the following measures are recommended for implementation: Time of Operation: Minimum construction activities will be scheduled during night time. Material transport will be strictly limited to daytime hours to ensure minimum incremental noise during night hours. Job Rotation: Workers employed in high noise areas will be engaged in shifts to minimise exposure. Protective Equipments: Earplugs/muffs or other hearing protective wear will be provided to those working very close to the noise generating machinery. Vibration Control: For vibration control, damped tools will be used and the working hours will be limited. To mitigate the impacts of noise generation due to DG sets, it will be ensured that DG set is enclosed in acoustic enclosure and has adequate stack height so as to disperse the emissions.
6.5.3 Construction Material Management
The major construction material to be used for construction include bricks, coarse aggregates, cement, coarse sand, reinforcement steel, structural steel, aluminium doors & windows, granite and vitrified tiles for flooring and other water supply & sanitary fittings. The material will be loaded and unloaded by the engaged labour on site. The duties of the contractor will include monitoring all aspects of construction activities, commencing with the storing, loading of construction materials and equipment in order to maintain the quality. The work should be completed as per the final construction schedule. Bricks should be stacked neatly at designated place of storage yard. Other material like aggregate, reinforcement and consumables should also be tidily stored in place and released for use without causing litter around. The contractor shall be responsible for management of such construction material during entire construction period of the project. Sufficient quantity of materials should be available before starting the each activity.
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The contractor should test the all the materials in the Government labs or Government approved labs in order to ensure the quality of materials before construction. This is also the responsibility of the contractor, which would be clearly mentioned in the contractor’s agreement. As soon as the construction activity is over the surplus earth shall be utilized to fill up the low-lying areas, if any. All stationary machines shall be inspected weekly for maintenance and will be fitted with exhaust pollution control devices. Operation Phase To mitigate the impact of pollutants from vehicular traffic as discussed in during the operational phase of the site the following measures are recommended for implementation: • Vehicle emission controls and alternatives; and • Greenbelt development.
6.5.4 Vehicle Emission Controls and Alternatives
The project premises will have specialized parking facilities for smooth traffic movement. The parking details are given below:
S. No Details Parking Provided 1 Surface 20 6 2 Bus 2 This is a new development and the parking requirement for the proposed development has been worked out as per the DCR and MoEF norms. Parking facilities provided inside the project premises will be ground floor parking areas. A total parking of 264 ECS is proposed for the proposed project area. The detailed parking plan for the proposed beach resort has been shown in Annexure 6.1. Proper Road Network: A proper road network shall be constructed within the site boundary for approach to various equipment/ installations in the site. Footpaths, and Pedestrian Ways - Adequate footpaths, and pedestrian ways shall be provided at the site to encourage non-polluting methods of transportation. Greenbelt Development : Increasing vegetation in the form of greenbelt is one of the preferred methods to mitigate air pollution. Plants serve as a sink for pollutants, act as a barrier to break the wind speed as well as allow the dust and other particulates to settle out there. It also helps to reduce the noise level to some extent. Hence, The project will be so developed that approximately 134029.04 sqm of area will be developed as green area to mitigate air and noise pollution. Details of Greenbelt development are given in Section 6.10.3. The trees for green belt development, that are proposed to be grown as barrier to Air pollution are also given in same section.
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6.6 EMP FOR NOISE ENVIRONMENT
6.6.1 Construction Phase
During the construction phase, there would be a temporary increase in ambient noise levels due to construction machinery operation and movement of construction vehicles. Though the industrial countries have specified limits for occupational noise exposure, the permissible noise exposure limit for industrial workers is primarily concerned with harmful effects of noise and its objective is to protect the hearing of working people. The American Conference on Government of Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), USA, has prescribed the following permissible noise exposure limits for industrial workers as given in Table 6.2.
TABLE 6.2 STANDARDS FOR OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE Exposure time in hours/day Limit in dB(A) 8 90 4 93 2 96 ½ 99 ¼ 102 1/8 105 1/16 111 1/32 115 Exposure to continuous and intermittent noise levels louder than 115 dB(A) should not be permitted. Following mitigation / management measures shall be adopted during construction period: For protection of construction workers, earplugs should be provided to those workers who will be working very close to noise generation source. Servicing of all construction vehicles and machinery shall be done regularly and during routine servicing operations, the effectiveness of exhaust silencers shall be checked and if found defective will be replaced. Vehicles hired for bringing construction materials at sight shall conform to the noise emission standards and shall be operated during non peak hours. Workers employed in high noise areas will be rotated. Earplugs/muffs, or other hearing protective wear will be provided to those working very close to the noise generating machinery. Smooth flow of traffic should be ensured on the internal road to avoid idling and honking of vehicles. Ambient Noise level monitoring shall be conducted at suitable locations at periodic intervals during construction phase to conform to the stipulated standards both during day and night time. Data shall be reviewed and analysed by the project manager for adhering to any strict measure. Noise levels will also be monitored at point sources for occupational noise exposure and ensuring health risk.
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6.6.2 Operation Phase
To mitigate the impact of noise due to vehicular movement during the operational phase the greenbelt development is recommended as per the details mentioned in Section 6.10.3 and proper traffic management is also proposed to be implemented.
6.7 EMP FOR WATER ENVIRONMENT
6.7.1 Construction Phase
To prevent degradation and maintain the quality of the nearby seashore water/other water bodies, adequate control measures have been proposed to check the surface run-off, as well as uncontrolled flow of water into any water body. Following management measures are suggested to protect the water quality during the construction phase. - Avoid excavation during monsoon season. - Care should be taken to avoid soil erosion. - Pit latrines and community toilets with temporary septic tanks shall be constructed on the site during construction phase to prevent wastewater from entering the water bodies. - To prevent surface and ground water contamination by oil/grease, leak proof containers should be used for storage and transportation of oil/grease. The floors of oil/grease handling area should be kept effectively impervious. Any wash off from the oil/grease handling area or workshop shall be drained through impervious drains, Clarifiers or oil/water separators shall be constructed and effluent should be treated appropriately before releasing it. - Construction activities generate disturbed soil, concrete fines, fertilizer, oils and other wastes. On- site collection and settling of storm water, prohibition of equipment wash downs, and prevention of soil loss and toxic releases from the construction site are necessary to minimize water pollution. - All stacking and loading areas should be provided with proper garland drains equipped with baffles to prevent run off from the site to enter any water body.
6.7.2 Operation Phase
In the operation phase of the project, water conservation and development measures need to be taken including all possible potential for conservation of water, reuse, harvesting and recycling of water. These could be in the form of the following: - Water source Development - Minimizing water consumption - Promoting reuse of water after treatment and development of closed loop systems for different water streams.
6.7.2.1 Water Source Development At the project site, use of rainwater recharging will be done through a rain water lagoon. The size of rain water lagoon is about 10,000 sqm to recharge the entire runoff generated from the proposed project. The layout of storm water line showing the rain water lagoon is enclosed as Annexure 6.2.
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6.7.2.2 Minimizing water consumption Water consumption will be minimized by a combination of water saving devices such as implementing fixtures that are low flow and water efficient models together with other water conservation measures. Furthermore, to ensure ongoing water conservation, an employee education and awareness programme will be introduced for the staff working during the operation phase at the beach resort. Following section discusses the specific measures, which shall be implemented;
Domestic Usage - Use of water efficient plumbing fixtures (low flow toilets and urinals,). Water efficient plumbing fixtures use less water with no marked reduction in quality and service. - Leak detection and repair techniques. - Sweep with a broom and pan where possible, rather than hose down for external areas; - Meter water usage, employ measurement & verification methods. Monitoring water use is a precursor for management. - Awareness campaign to disseminate knowledge on strategies and technologies that can be used for water conservation.
Horticulture - Plants with similar water requirements shall be grouped on common zones to match precipitation heads and emitters. - Use of low-volume, low-angle sprinklers for lawn areas. - Select controllers with adjustable watering schedules and moisture sensors to account for seasonal variations, and calibrate them during commissioning. - Selecting a drought resistant grass, and using lawn chemicals and fertilizer sparingly also reduces watering needs. - Place 3 to 5 in. of mulch on planting beds to minimize evaporation.
Promoting Reuse of Water after Treatment To promote reuse and development of closed loop system for water, segregation of two schemes are proposed namely: (i) Wastewater Treatment scheme (ii) Storm water management scheme.
i) Wastewater Treatment Scheme: As explained in Section 5.6.2, The total wastewater generation is 310 KLD which will be treated in an onsite STP of 375 KLD capacity. The total reclaimed water available for use is 295 KLD out of which 238 KLD will be used for landscaping, 48 KLD for flushing, and 9 KLD for partial HVAC cooling. Dual plumbing system will be provided for the proposed project and the plan of same is enclosed as Annexure 6.3.
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Sanitation infrastructure for Wastewater Treatment and its reuse will consist of : - Wastewater collection & conveyance system. - Wastewater treatment & disposal arrangement. The total wastewater generation is 310 KLD which will be treated in an onsite STP of 375 KLD capacity based on submersible membrane bioreactor system.
Sewage Treatment Plant (by using submersible membrane bioreactor) STP based on the Membrane Bio-Reactor (MBR) is a combination of Activated Sludge process combined with absolute filtration (with Ultra Filtration). Bio-Degradation is carried out due to the presence and growth of Microorganisms and suspended solids. These suspended solids and Microorganisms are separated from water by membrane unit.
Scheme of Process Raw sewage from various sources is subjected to following treatment to obtain the treated water quality .
Bar screen Chamber The raw sewage will be received at the inlet of the bar screen to trap any floating particles and debris.
Oil & Grease Trap and Equalization tank A belt type oil skimmer and grease trap will be provided to remove the floating oil and grease. The oil free effluent overflows to the collection cum equalization tank. The sewage generation is not uniform and is subjected to fluctuation. Hence to maintain a constant flow and to homogenize the sewage quality a suitable retention time is provided in the Equalization tank. Air mixing is also provided to enhance the above process. Aeration tank is designed for average daily flow of 10 hrs retention. A fine screen is placed in between to trap any sharp objects or small particles.
Aeration Tank (Process Tank/ Bio reactor) The aeration system works on an extended aeration activated sludge process. The biological reaction is sustained by maintaining a required level of MLSS 8000-10000mg/l in the aeration tank. The generation of biomass reduces the incoming BOD and COD to greater than 95%. Oxygen transfer is achieved by means of fine bubble diffusers placed at the bottom of the tank to transfer atmospheric oxygen from air. The process aeration blowers are provided for the biological tank and ensure that sufficient oxygen is available to maintain the biological process in the tank. The mixed liquor containing the biomass overflows/ pumped from the aeration tank to the membrane tank for removal of BOD. The MBR is basically a combination of Activated Sludge process combine with absolute filtration (UF). The basic biological aeration system considered utilizes diffused aeration to provide the required oxygen that will maintain the healthy biomass. The MBR produces superior quality effluent through an innovative combination of immersed, low-pressure reinforced hollow fiber ultra-filtration membranes and a suspended growth biological reactor. The reinforced hollow fiber UF membranes replace the solids separation function of secondary clarifiers and the polishing function of granular filter media that are found in conventional activated sludge systems. By eliminating the need for sludge settling, MBR process can operate at mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) concentrations in the range of 8,000 to 12,000 mg/L—three to five times greater than
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Environment Impact Assessment Report Beach Resort Project, Sindhudurg, Maharashtra conventional systems, resulting in plants that are significantly more compact than a conventional plant. Fewer processes, combined with highly automated, PLC operation makes plant operation less labor intensive and much more straightforward. Plant operators are only required to perform regular preventive maintenance on system pumps, blowers, and associated mechanical equipment to ensure efficient biological processes and optimum membrane permeation.
FIGURE 6.2 MBR CONFIGURATION
At the core of the MBR is reinforced hollow fiber membranes— chosen based on the long-life and high performance in the harsh, high-solids environment of a bioreactor. The rugged fibers are held in large modular cassettes that are immersed directly into the bioreactor. With nominal and absolute pore sizes of 0.04 microns and 0.1 microns respectively, UF membranes virtually ensures a particulate-free effluent. Each cassette has a permeate header that is connected to the suction side of a pump, which applies a low-pressure vacuum to draw treated effluent through the microscopic pores of the fibers in an outside-in flow path. This method of permeation minimizes energy demands and prevents particles from fouling and plugging the inside of the membrane fiber. Outside-in permeation also simplifies membrane cleaning and maintenance, enabling a stream of coarse bubbles to rise vertically along the length of the membrane to scour rejected solids away from the membrane surface. Periodically, the permeate flow is automatically reversed to backflush solids that have accumulated in the membrane pores. When necessary, in-tank chemical recovery cleanings can restore membrane permeability to optimum levels. The modular membrane cassettes are designed to provide a great deal of flexibility in system design. The membrane cassettes are either immersed into steel tanks or concrete tanks supplied by the buyer. The reinforced hollow fiber membrane is of choice for strict nitrogen and phosphorous discharge limits. Typically, the lead end of the bioreactor is designed as an anoxic (zero dissolved oxygen) zone. This is used to assist with pH control and for denitrification in applications where low levels of total nitrogen (TN) are required in the effluent stream. One permeate pump per train is employed to draw water through the membranes. The permeate pumps, associated valves and piping for the system are mounted on a factory assembled, epoxy- coated carbon steel skid. Treated water flows from the permeate skid to the final disposal point. Under normal operation and average day flow conditions, permeation is stopped for specific period of time at regular intervals. This membrane relaxation period, combined with air scouring, effectively removes solids that have accumulated on the membrane surface or within the fibers and reduces electrical costs. Same permeate pump is provided for back pulsing the membranes. Under increased
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Treated effluent Storage The permeate outlet from MBR Skid is stored in a Treated Water tank as Treated water. This Treated effluent is now ready for Recycling of Toilet Flushing and Gardening.
Disinfection: The treated effluent is disinfected by using Chlorine dosing system. In which all the bacteria present in the treated effluent is killed.
Soft Water Storage The treated effluent will be softened by using and stored as a Soft Water. Then the soft water can be used for AC Cooling Tower make-up.
Filter Press The sludge from MBR Tank is pumped using a screw pump in to a Filter press. The filter press is a liquid-solid separation device is used to reduce the volume and weight of slurry by separating the liquid filtrate and solid cake. The filter press is opened and cake is discharged by gravity.
Post Lime Treatment The dry cake from filter press is subjected to lime stabilization. Lime treatment controls the environment needed for the growth of pathogens in biosolids and converts sludge into a usable product.
Fresh air & exhaust system for STP As the system is located below ground level, Fresh air for the Sewage treatment plant is forced from outside through fans located inside the plant room and exhaust(20ACPM) from sewage treatment plant is also forced out through fans @ terrace level.
The sludge from Tank is pumped using a screw pump in to a Filter press. The filter press is a liquid- solid separation device is used to reduce the volume and weight of slurry by separating the liquid filtrate and solid cake. The filter press is opened and cake is discharged by gravity. The dry cake from filter press is subjected to lime stabilization. Lime treatment controls the environment needed for the growth of pathogens in bio-solids and converts sludge into a usable product. The detailed sewage treatment plant layout plan has been shown in Annexure 6.4.
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6.8 EMP FOR LAND ENVIRONMENT Construction Phase Waste generated from construction activity includes construction debris, biomass from land clearing activities, waste from the labour camp, and. hazardous waste. Following section discusses management of each type of waste. Besides management of topsoil is an important area for which management measures are required.
6.8.1 Construction Debris
Construction debris is bulky and heavy and re-utilization and recycling is an important strategy for management of such waste. As concrete and masonry constitute the majority of waste generated, recycling of this waste by conversion to aggregate can offer benefits of reduced landfill space and reduced extraction of raw material for new construction activity. This is particularly applicable to the proposed project site as the construction is to be completed in a phased manner. Recycled aggregate will be used for filler application, and as a sub-base for road construction. Mixed debris with high gypsum, plaster, shall not be used as fill, as they are highly susceptible to contamination, and will be given to recyclers. Construction contractors shall remove metal scrap from structural steel, piping, concrete reinforcement and sheet metal work from the site. A significant portion of wood scrap can be reused on site. Recyclable wastes such as plastics, glass fiber insulation, roofing etc shall be sold to recyclers.
6.8.2 Waste due to construction workers & Biomass
Waste generated due to construction workers will mainly comprise of domestic waste, which shall be collected and composted on site along with the biomass from the land clearing activities. The non- compostable and non-recyclable portion of the waste shall be collected and transported to the nearest solid waste dumping site .
6.8.3 Topsoil Management
To minimise disruption of soil and for conservation of topsoil, the contractor shall take the topsoil out separately and stockpile it. After the construction activity is over, topsoil shall be utilised for landscaping activity. Other measures, which would be followed to prevent soil erosion and contamination include: - Maximize use of organic fertilizer for landscaping and green belt development. - To prevent soil contamination by oil/grease, leak proof containers should be used for storage and transportation of oil/grease and wash off from the oil/grease handling area shall be drained through impervious drains and treated appropriately before disposal. - Removal of as little vegetation as possible during the development, and re-vegetation of bare areas after the project. - Working in a small area at a point of time (phase wise construction). - Construction of erosion prevention troughs / berms.
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Operational Phase
6.8.4 Solid Waste Management
The philosophy of solid waste management at the proposed project will be to encourage the four R’s of waste i.e. waste reduction, reuse, recycling, and recovery (materials & energy). This will result in lesser reliance on land filling. Regular public awareness meetings will be conducted to involve the residents in the proper segregation, storage, recycling and composting options and techniques. The Environmental Management Plan for the solid waste will focus on two major components during the life cycle of the waste management system i.e. collection & transportation, treatment or disposal Collection and Transportation During the collection stage, the bio-degradable and non recyclable/non biodegradable waste will be stored and collected separately. The segregation, transportation and disposal of wastes will be done by the project management or may be outsourced to authorized private waste management agency. To minimize littering and odours, waste will be stored in well-designed containers/bins that will be located at strategic locations to minimize disturbance in traffic flow. Care should be taken so that the collection vehicles are well maintained and minimize noise and emissions. During transporting of the waste, it will be covered to avoid littering. Treatment & Disposal The waste collected shall be segregated at site into bio-degradable and non-biodegradable. The non- biodegradable waste shall be disposed off to the recyclers .The biodegradable shall be treated on-site.
6.9 EMP FOR E-WASTE MANAGEMENT The e-waste will be generated from the proposed development which will be stored at a warehouse to be setup within site and will be sent to authorized recyclers or e-waste processing plants for treatment as per E- Waste [Management & Handling] Rules, 2010
6.10 EMP FOR ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT
6.10.1 Construction Phase
Restrictions on location of worker rest shelters and offices for project staff near the project area with vegetation to avoid human induced secondary additional impacts on the left over flora and fauna species of the surrounding areas. Cutting, uprooting, of trees or small trees present around the project site for cooking, burning or heating purposes by the laborers shall be prohibited and suitable alternatives for this purpose shall be made available. Along with the major construction work, the multi layered peripheral green belt shall be developed with native plant species.
6.10.2 Operational Phase
The newly planted site will be especially vulnerable to erosion until the plants have become fully grown. Temporary stabilization barriers shall be used as required to prevent erosion during plant
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growth. These barriers may include hay bales, erosion control blankets, temporary seeding, nurse crops, and erosion control netting. During the development of the green belt within the project area, it will be emphasized that the plant species likely to be planted belong to the existing forest type .Existing trees will be included in the landscape plan of proposed project in order to maintain the existing biological environment of the area.
6.10.3 Green Belt Plan a. General Principles in Greenbelt Design Plants grown in such a way so as to function as pollutant sinks are collectively referred as greenbelts. These plants should also provide an aesthetic backdrop for persons using the site and for the surroundings and the community. General principles in greenbelt design considered for this study are: Type of pollution (air, noise, water and land pollution) likely from the activities at the site. Agro-climatic zone and sub-zone where the greenbelt is located ( and hence the plant species which can be planted in the area. Water quantity and quality available in the area Soil quality in the area. The plants should exhibit the following desirable characteristic in order to be selected for plantation. The species should be fast growing and providing optimum penetrability. The species should be wind-firm and deep rooted. The species should form a dense canopy. As far as possible, the species should be indigenous and locally available
Species tolerance to air pollutants like particulate matter, SO 2 & NO x should be preferred. The species should be permeable to help create air turbulence and mixing within the belt. There should be no large gaps for the air to spill through. Trees with high foliage density, leaves with larger leaf area and hairy on both the surfaces. Ability to withstand conditions like inundation and drought. Soil improving plants (Nitrogen fixing, rapidly decomposable leaf litter). Attractive appearance with good flowering and fruit bearing. Bird and insect attracting tree species. Sustainable green cover with minimal maintenance. Greenbelt is designed to minimize the predicted levels of the possible air and noise pollutants. While designing the scheme the following facilities are considered: Site Perimeter and approach road
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Along the internal roads In and around the resort area.
6.10.4 Greenbelt Design for Site
The selection of the trees is based on their phenology (thus roadside trees will not have leaf fall during summer and rainy seasons when shade is most needed. Trees with more litter fall have been avoided). The selection criteria of the species are based on pollution mitigation capacity (including particulate matter), large leaf surface area, deep root system and less litter fall. Faster growing trees with lighter canopy will be planted alternatively with relatively slow growing trees with wider canopy. Trees will be planted as per CPCB guidelines. Landscape Plan: The project will be so developed that approximately 134029.04 sqm of area will be developed as green belt and softscape to mitigate air and noise pollution. The Landscape plan showing the schedule of species for proposed beach resort project is enclosed as Annexure 6.5 respectively.
6.11 EMP FOR SOCIO -ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT The management plan has been designed in order to regularly gauge the social environment in which the project shall operate, take proactive steps and adopt best practices, which are sensitive to the socio- cultural setting of the region. Such an approach will not only result in the better management of the project but also increase its goodwill among the locals. The management plan envisages ongoing communication with the stakeholders including the public, surrounding areas, pollution control board or the Ministry of Environment & Forests, etc. Management practices discussed here are pro-active steps to address potential concerns during the various stages of the project.
6.11.1 Mitigative Measures
Transport and road safety: Since the project involves the movement of vehicles and machineries in the area, the health and safety of pedestrians and residents accessing the communities is an issue of concern. Considering this, the project proponents shall mitigate the impact by drawing traffic management plans, so that any mishap due to traffic thenceforth can be avoided. Taking this into concern, following aspects should be kept in mind: • Proper precautionary signage shall be installed. • Training to the drivers. • Installation of adequate speed breakers at correct locations. • Road safety signage • Limit on honking • Restricted movement in night
6.12 EMP FOR ENERGY CONSERVATION Energy conservation program will be implemented through measures taken both on energy demand and supply.
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Energy Supply Conservation Demand
Utilize energy-efficient diesel Reduce consumption generators Use energy-efficient Exploring the possibilities of appliances introducing renewable energy Create Guest Awareness
Energy conservation will be one of the focuses during the project planning and operation stages. The conservation efforts would consist of the following: Solar Passive Techniques - The design features of the building will consider adequate cross ventilation within and outside the buildings by providing doors and windows on both the windward and leeward sides of the building. - Proper thermal insulation of roof structures and walls will be followed to reduce the U value Architectural Design - Public areas will be cooled by natural ventilation as opposed to air-conditioning. - Maximize the use of natural lighting through design. The following material specifications are considered for the designed proposed building.(are these given by client?) - Wall: Paints with surface reflectance: 75%, - Floor: Floor tiles with surface reflectance: 45%, - Ceiling Paints with surface reflectance: 85% - Visible Light Transmittance (VLT) of glazing: 40% Energy Saving Practices - Promoting use of solar water heating. - Purchase of energy efficient appliances. - Constant monitoring of energy consumption and defining targets for energy conservation. - Adjusting the settings and illumination levels to ensure minimum energy used for desired comfort levels. - Use of compact fluorescent lamps and low voltage lighting. Behavioral change on consumption - Promoting resident awareness on energy conservation. - Training staff on methods of energy conservation and to be vigilant to such opportunities. Adoption of Energy Efficient Lighting and Ventilation Systems - Use of energy efficient lighting equipments, like lamps, luminaries and control devices. - Proper utilization of daylight and control glare from windows. - Maintenance of lighter finishes of ceiling, walls and furnishings.
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- Scheduling of switching –lights programme for lights of outdoor periphery and gardening to turn on or off at prescribed times. - Use of Low loss electronics ballast for all fluorescent fixtures used in the electrical rooms. - Use of CFL Lights in all common areas like lift lobbies, corridors, staircase etc. Use of renewable energy system - Use of Solar Photovoltaic (SPV) system for direct conversion of sunlight into electricity. - Use of SPV lighting system in the form of solar lantern, fixed type solar lighting system for street lighting system .
The energy simulation and day light simulation study has been carried out for the proposed project and the copy of same is enclosed as Annexure 6.6.
6.13 ELECTRICAL HAZARDOUS AND SAFETY MEASURE PLAN Following Guidelines have been followed for implementation of Electrical Hazard / Safety precautions at the construction Site and thereafter at the Premises during operations. Definition Electrical Hazard – A dangerous condition such that contact or equipment failure can result in Electric shock, arc-flash burn, thermal burn, or blast. Electrical hazard includes ‘dangerous’ meaning ‘able or likely to inflict injury’; there are high voltage, low current sources that are not intrinsically dangerous, and there are low-voltage, high-current sources that are not ‘safe’. A ‘harmless’ static electricity shock could cause sufficient startle reaction to make a worker fall off a ladder. A hazard analysis is necessary to identify electrical hazards and determine the degree of risk.
Measures for preventing Electrical Hazards 1. Safe Electrical Installation Installation of new electrical systems to a suitable IS standard. Requirements for electrical installations, and then maintain them in a safe condition; Provision of enough socket-outlets - overloading socket-outlets by using adaptors which can cause fire. 2. Provision of safe and suitable equipment There will be proper selection of equipment that will suit our working environment; Electrical risks will be eliminated by using air, hydraulic or hand powered tools. These will be especially used only in harsh conditions; There will be provision of an accessible and clearly identified switch near each fixed machine to cut off power in an emergency; For portable equipment, there will be use of socket-outlets which are close by so that equipment will be easily disconnected in an emergency; The ends of flexible cables will always have the outer sheath of the cable firmly clamped to stop the wires (particularly the earth) pulling out of the terminals; Damaged sections of cable will be replaced completely; There will be use of proper connectors or cable couplers to join lengths of cable; There will be proper protection of light bulbs and other equipment which could easily be damaged in use. And also creates risk of electric shock if they are broken;
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Electrical equipment used in flammable/explosive atmospheres will be designed to stop it from causing ignition. i) Reduction of Voltage One of the best ways of reducing the risk of injury when using electrical equipment is to limit the supply voltage to the lowest needed to get the job done, such as: Temporary lighting can be run at lower voltages, e.g. 12, 25, 50 or 110 volts; Where electrically powered tools are used, battery operated will be safest; Portable tools are readily available which are designed to be run from a 110 volts centre-tapped-to-earth supply. ii) Provision of safety device If equipment will be operated at 230 volts or on higher, then the provision of an RCD (residual current device) will be provided as an additional safety. An RCD is a device which detects some, but not all, faults in the electrical system and rapidly switches off the supply. RCD will be built into the main switchboard or the socket-outlet, as this means that the supply cables will be permanently protected. Additionally a plug incorporating an RCD, or a plug-in RCD adaptor, will also be provided for an additional safety. RCDs for protecting people have a rated tripping current (sensitivity) of not more than 30 milliamps (MA). An RCD is a valuable safety device, never bypass it; If the RCD trips, it is a sign there is a fault; The RCD will have a test button to check that its mechanism is free and functioning. iii) Work safely We will make sure that people who are working with electricity are competent to do the job. Even simple tasks such as wiring a plug can lead to danger – we will ensure that people know what they are doing before they start. We must not allow work on or near exposed live parts of equipment unless it is absolutely unavoidable and suitable precautions will be taken to prevent injury, both to the workers and to anyone else who may be in the area. iv) Underground Power Cables Always assume cables will be present when digging in the street, pavement or near buildings. The usage will be up-to-date service plans, cable avoidance tools and safe digging practice to avoid danger. v) Overhead Power Lines When working near overhead lines, it may be possible to have them switched off. So, we will keep the safe working distance from the cables.
Basic Precautions There are various ways of protecting people from the hazards caused by electricity, including insulation, guarding, grounding and electrical protective devices. We will significantly reduce electrical hazards by following some basic precautions. i) Insulation
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All electrical cords will have sufficient insulation to prevent direct contact with wires. All cords will be checked before each use, since corrosive chemicals or solvent vapors may erode the insulation. Damaged cords will be repaired or taken out of service immediately, especially in wet environments such as cold rooms ii) Guarding Live parts of electric equipment operating at 50 volts or more will be guarded against accidental contact. Plexiglas shields may be used to protect against exposed live parts. iii) Grounding Only equipment with three-prong plugs will be used. The third prong provides a path to ground that helps prevent the buildup of voltages that may result in an electrical shock or spark. iv) Circuit Protection Devices Circuit protection devices will be designed to automatically limit or shut off the flow of electricity in the event of a ground-fault, overload, or short circuit in the wiring system. Fuses, circuit breakers, and ground-fault circuit interrupters are three well-known examples of such devices. Fuses and circuit breakers prevent over-heating of wires and components that might otherwise create hazards for operators. They disconnect the circuit when it becomes overloaded. The ground-fault circuit interrupter or GFCI, will be used to shutoff electric power if a ground fault is detected. The GFCI will be particularly used near sinks and wet locations. Since GFCIs will cause equipment to shutdown unexpectedly, they may not be appropriate for certain apparatus. Portable GFCI adapters (available in most safety supply catalogs) may be used with a non-GFCI outlet. v) Safe Work Practices The following practices will be used to reduce the risk of injury or fire when working with electrical equipment: Avoid contact with energized electrical circuits. Disconnect the power source before servicing or repairing electrical equipment. When it is necessary to handle equipment that is plugged in, be sure hands are dry and, when possible, wear nonconductive gloves and shoes with insulated soles. If it is not unsafe to do so, work with only one hand, keeping the other hand at your side or in your pocket, away from all conductive material. This precaution reduces the likelihood of accidents that result in current passing through the chest cavity. If water or a chemical is spilled onto equipment, shut off power at the main switch or circuit breaker and unplug the equipment.
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If an individual comes in contact with a live electrical conductor, do not touch the equipment, cord or person. Disconnect the power source from the circuit breaker or pull out the plug using a leather belt. vi) High Voltage or Current Repairs of high voltage or high current equipment will be performed by trained electricians. Individuals who are experienced in such tasks and would like to perform such work on their own equipment must first receive specialized electrical safety related work practices training by EHS staff. The following additional precautions will be taken: Always assume a high voltage potential exists within a device while servicing it, even if it is de-energized and disconnected from its power source. Avoid becoming grounded by staying at least 6 inches away from walls, water, and all metal materials, including pipes. Use of voltmeters and test equipment with ratings and leads sufficient to measure the highest potential voltage expected to be found inside the equipment being serviced. After servicing, check equipment with a multi-meter or appropriate device to ensure it is grounded before reconnecting to the power source. Electrical Line Diagram and Earthing Pits details are given in Annexure 6.7 & Annexure 6.8.
6.14 FIRE FIGHTING MANAGEMENT The fire protection system will be generally designed based on Part IV, of National Building Code (NBC) of India (2005), Tariff Advisory Committee’s TAC, fire protection manual (1998) and the latest Indian and International standards/codes. The fire protection system will cover external as well as internal premises of the building Following systems are planned to be provided within the entire beach resort project: Fire Extinguisher Horse Reel Wet Riser Yard Hydrant Automatic Sprinkler System Manually operated electric fire alarm system Automatic detection and alarm system Underground static water storage tank capacity Two electric and one diesel pump of capacity 2850 LPM and two electrical pump (Jockey Pump) of capacity 180 LPM The fire escape route plan and fire fighting plan showing the fire line for proposed beach resort is shown in Annexure 6.9.
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6.15 HEALTH , SAFETY AND WELFARE PLAN The detailed provisions regarding Health, Safety and Welfare are as follows:-
6.15.1 Fixation of Hours of Work and Interval of Rest & Spread Over
a. No building worker employed shall be required or allowed to work more than nine hours a day or forty eight hours a week b. No building worker hall be required or allowed to work continuously for more than five hours unless he had an interval of rest of not less than half an hour c. The working day of the building workers employed in the construction shall be so arranged that inclusive of the interval of rest shall not be spread over than 12 hours on any day d. When a building worker work for more than 9 hours on any day or for more than 48 hours in any week, he shall, in respect of over time work, be entitiles to wages at double the ordinary rate of wages.
6.15.2 Weekly rest, payment of work dones on the day of rest at overtime rate, etc.
a. Workers employed in construction work shall be allowed a day rest in every seven days for all building workers b. No worker shall allowed to work on rest day unless he already had or will have substituted rest day for whole day on one of the five days immediately before or after such rest day
6.15.3 Notice of Wage Period
a. Provision of display board to the conspicuous place at the work site showing the rates of wages, hour of working, wage period, date of payment of wages, name and address of grievance redressal officer. b. The display board shall be in english and local language understood by majority of workers
6.15.4 Accommodation
a. The contractor shall provide, free of charge resting shelter to all workers employed by him till the construction work is in progress. b. The temporary accommodation shall have separate cooking place, bathing, washing and lavatory facilities. c. Incase , more than fifty female building workers are ordinarily employed, there shall provide and maintain suitable room for the use of children under the age of six of such female. d. All room shall have adequate light & ventilation and will be maintained
6.15.5 Latrine and Urinal
a. Effective arrangement to provide and maintain at suitable points sufficient supply of wholesome drinking water as per IS 10500. All such points will be situated within six meter of any washing place, urinal or latrine
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b. Provision of urinal and latrine at conveniently located such that may be accessible to workers at all times while they are in such place. c. Every latrine shall be under cover and so partitioned off as to secure privacy and shall have a proper door and fastening. d. Where in both male and female building workers are employed, there shall be displayed outside each block of latrines and urinals, written in the landuage understood by the majority of workers e. Every latrine or urinal shall be adequately lighted with energy efficient lighting and shall be maintained in a clean and sanitary condition at all the time. f. Water shall be provided by means of a tap or otherwise so as to be conveniently accessible in or near by every latrine or urinal g. The walls, ceiling and partitions of very latrine or urinal shall be white washed once in every period of four months. h. Every latrine and urinal shall be connected to flush system and shall wastewater shall be disposed off through mobile STP.
6.15.6 Medical Facilities
a. The Project Proponent shall ensure that the Contractor shall provide full fledged First Aid Centre (24 hours facility available) with one full time medical officer including once nurse, once dresser-cum-compounder. b. There shall be Ambulance 24 hours available at project site c. The medical examination for all building workers shall be carried out before employing, after illness or injury. d. If it appears that the illness or injury might have affected workers fitness and thereafter, medical examination once in every two years upto age of forty and once in a year there after shall be done. e. Complete and confidential record of medical examination shall be maintained by the employers or the authorized physician f. The medical examination shall include: Full medical and occupational history Vision Hearing Breathing Upper Limbs (adequate arm function and grip) Lower Limbs (adequate leg and foot function Spine General mental alertness and stability with good eye, hand and foot coordination.
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6.15.7 Emergency Care Services or Emergency Treatment
a. Project Proponent shall ensure that the provision for essential life saving aides and required to handle following shall be made: Head injuries and spinal injuries Bleeding Fractures and dislocations of bones and joints Crush injuries Shock including electric shocks Dehydration due to any cause Snake bite, insect bite, scorpion and bee sting Burns including chemical burns Sunstroke and frost bite The above shall be provided and maintained under the supervision of Medical Officer, appointed by the contractor
6.15.8 Safety Measures
a. The proponent shall form safety committee consisting of members of project proponent, contractor, and workers. b. The project proponent shall appoint a safety officer who shall possess such qualification and perform such duties as may be prescribe c. The project proponent shall ensure that the contractor shall provide safe access and safety to any work place, including the provision of suitable and sufficient scaffolding at various stage where work cannot be done from the ground or from any part of a building or from a ladder. d. The erection, installation, use and maintenance of transporting equipment such as locomotives, trucks, wagons and other vehicles and trailers shall be done by appointing competent persons to drive or operate such equipment. e. The project proponent shall ensure adequate and suitable energy efficient lighting to every work place and approach. f. The precautions to be taken to prevent inhalation of dust, fumes, gases during any grinding, cleaning, spraying of any material and steps to be taken to secure and maintain adequate ventilation of every working place or confined space. g. The project proponent shall ensure that the contractor shall take all precautions to prevent danger to workers from live electric wire or apparatus including electrical machinery and tools and from overhead wires h. The project proponent shall ensure that the contractor shall provide safety nets, safety sheets and safety belts where specific nature or circumstance of work render then necessary for the safety of the workers. i. The project proponent shall ensure that the contractor shall abide by and follow EHS policy of M/s Elite Townships Pvt. Ltd.
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CHAPTER 7. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN
7.1 GENERAL An environmental monitoring plan provides feedback about the actual environmental impacts of a project and helps to judge the adequacy of the mitigation measures in protecting the environment. The purpose of environmental monitoring is to evaluate the effectiveness of implementation of Environmental Management Plan (EMP) by periodically monitoring the important environmental parameters within the impact area, so that any adverse effects are detected and timely action can be taken.
7.2 OBJECTIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN The key objective of the environment monitoring program will be as follows: 1 Ensure compliance with the mitigation measures as identified in the EIA; 2 Determine the project’s actual environmental impacts so that modifications can be made to the project’s mitigation measures; 3 Describe the extent of environmental effects and resource losses; 4 Provide scientific information about the response of an ecosystem to a given set of human activities and mitigation measures;
4.7 SUGGESTED ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN The environmental monitoring plan for the proposed beach resort development has been conceptualized in view of the institutional, scientific and fiscal issues pertaining to the project. The monitoring plan aims to collect data on the environmental indicator to provide information about the environmental impacts. For developing the monitoring plan, appropriate components which are likely to be affected have been identified. For each component, suitable measurable environmental indicators which are appropriate to the impact mechanism and scale of disturbance and which have a low natural variability, broad applicability and an existing data series have been defined. The monitoring plan has been designed for the construction and the operation phase of the project and the details of the plan have been presented in Table 7.1.
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TABLE 7.1: RECOMMENDED ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN S.N Performance Component Parameters Locations Frequency Measurement Indicator methodology Preconstruction Phase
1 Concentration Ambient Air PM 2.5 and Project site Quarterly IS 5182 ( Part –
of SPM to Quality PM 10 IV), 1973 assess the IS 5182 ( Part – effectiveness XXIII), 1973 of dust Quarterly control measures Construction Phase 1 Oil and Soil Quality pH, One location Annually Practical methods grease, heavy electrical within in Ecology and metal conductance, project site Environmental concentration cation Sciences exchange capacity, Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR), water holding capacity, phosphorous, Copper, Zinc, iron, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, boron, Nitrogen, porosity, permeability, infiltration capacity, bulk density, organic content texture, etc.,
2 Concentration Ambient Air PM 2.5 and Project site Quarterly IS 5182 ( Part –
of SPM to Quality PM 10 IV), 1973 assess the IS 5182 ( Part – `effectiveness XXIII), 1973
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S.N Performance Component Parameters Locations Frequency Measurement Indicator methodology of Dust Emissions Quarterly control plan from DG set 3 Equivalent Ambient Hourly Leq Project site Monthly Operational noise level Noise Noise Monthly manual of noise Quality emissions level meter from DG set operation during construction work Operation Phase 1 Ground water Strom Water Ground Near storm Twice in a As per standard table level Management water table water year practice Plan storage tank or pond 2 Greenbelt Greenbelt Greenbelt At the Twice in a survival rate development greenbelt year plan development corridor 3 % Savings of Energy Rating of At all Half As per standard energy conservation energy installation Yearly practice of BEE measure consumption 4 Potability, Groundwater Parameters Water intake Half Standard method taste, odour Quality as listed in structure Yearly for the IS examination of 10500:1991 water and wastewater, 21 st Edition, edited by Lenore S. Clesceri, Arnold E. Greenberg, Andre D. Eton 5 Efficiency of Treated pH, Color, STP Outlet Twice a Standard method the STP (%) effluent Odor, month for for the Quality Turbidity, 1st three examination of EC, months, water and Alkalinity , monthly wastewater, 21 st Hardness, for next Edition, edited by BOD, COD, three Lenore S. Total months Clesceri, Arnold Dissolved and E. Greenberg, Solids, quarterly Andre D. Eton Suspended
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S.N Performance Component Parameters Locations Frequency Measurement Indicator methodology Solids, Total Coliform, Volatile solids , Heavy Metals # - The performance of the proposed STP will be evaluated on a regular basis by the operator, in terms of quick check of different physical and physicochemical parameters
7.2.1 Data Analysis
The monitored data will be analyzed and compared with the baseline levels as established in the EIA study and the regulatory standards specified by different government agencies. The standards against which the different environmental components will be compared are as per Table 7.2.
Table 7.2: APPLICABLE STANDARDS FOR DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTAL COMPONENTS S.N Component Applicable Standards 1 Ambient Air Quality National Ambient Air Quality standards, CPCB 2 Noise Quality Ambient Air Quality Standards with Respect to Noise, CPCB 3 Surface water quality Water Standards, CPCB 4 Groundwater quality IS: 10500 Standards, BIS 5 Soil Quality -- 6 Treated sewage water quality IS 2490(1974) – Discharge into surface water, IS 3306(1974) – Discharge on land, IS 3307(1974)- Discharge for agricultural use
7.2.2 Reporting Schedule
The monitoring results of the different environmental components will be analyzed and compiled every six months during the construction phase and every twelve months during the operation phase. The report will also list the project activities along with the environmental mitigation measures and will evaluate the efficacy of the Environmental Management Plan.
7.2.3 Emergency Procedures/Corrective Measures
Corrective measures will be adopted if the review of the monitoring report reveals that the environmental management plan is inadequate or has not been implemented properly. A detailed review will be carried out by the interdisciplinary team of experts in the Environment Management Cell for assessing the gaps in the EMP and the addressal of EMP. A corrective action plan will be worked out for the environmental component and a rigorous follow up of environmental monitoring plan will be carried out.
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CHAPTER 8. Risk Assessment and Disaster Management Plan
8.1 INTRODUCTION A disaster is a natural or man-made (or technological) hazard resulting in an event of substantial extent causing significant physical damage or destruction, loss of life, or drastic change to the environment. A disaster can be ostensively defined as any tragic event stemming from events such as earthquakes, floods, catastrophic accidents, fires, or explosions. It is a phenomenon that disasters can cause damage to life, property and destroy the economic, social and cultural life of people. Disasters in general, can broadly be grouped under three categories viz. (i) Water and Climate related (ii) Geology / Geomorphology related and (iii) Accident related. On project site, accident related disasters from fire, oil spills, and chemical induced and vehicular / operational accidents are quite possible. In the context of the proposed project it thus becomes imperative to identify the type, pattern and the potential severity of the hazards, which can cause loss of life, damage to property and environment, and to assess the vulnerability and risks there from with a view to outlining an appropriate response mechanism. The proposed project site is located in Sawantwadi village, Vengurla taluka of Sindhudurg district in the state of Maharashtra. Sindhudurg is one of the disaster prone districts in Maharashtra having 121 km coastal line. Occasional Cyclones (Cyclone Phyan in Nov 2009), Floods are more common especially in Malvan, Kudal, Sawant wadi,Vengurla, Dogad and Kankavli due to overflowing rivers. Land slides are frequent especially in the ghats (Amboli, Karool, Phonda), Road accidents are frequent on Mumbai Goa highway (National highway no. 17) and due to hair pin bends there are many accident spots identified and Rail accidents along the Konkan rail, mostly during the monsoon due to landslide (In Vaibhav wadi near Kharepatan tunnel in Jun 2003) and lastly due to heavy rain and wind incidents of tree falling are observed. (Source:-District Disaster Management Plan, 2012- 2013 by District Disaster Management Authority, Sindhudurg, Govt. of Maharashtra) Since the proposed project site is located nearby the seashore, site is quite vulnerable to flood and occasional cyclones. Therefore, the Disaster Management Plan is required to encompass all the administrative and operational programmes and responses to reduce the risk of emergencies of hazardous events likely to occur at any point of time during construction and operational phases of the project.
8.2 RISK ASSESSMENT DURING THE CONSTRUCTION PHASE A construction site normally faces 9 major type of construction hazards i.e. scaffold, power access equipment, ladder, roof work, manual handling, plant & machinery, excavation, fire and emergency and hazardous substances.
8.3 RISK ASSESSMENT DURING THE OPERATION PHASE
8.3.1 History of Disaster in Sindhudurg District
Sindhudurg district is situated in the coastal region and having a proximity to Arabian Sea. This district has a high amount of rainfall primarily because of the clouds of the southwest monsoon winds are blocked at the Sahyadri mountains and so shed a lot of rain on the eastern side of the Western Ghat scarp. This leads to very high rainfall in the foothills of the Sahyadris on the Konkan side with
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most of the Konkan rivers having their origin in the runoff from the steep mountain slopes. Such a heavy rainfall causes largely flash floods, and occasionally landslides, road accidents.
Flood During 2005-06 floods., most of the rivers were overflowing and there was a loss of life and property in Sindhudurg district. The river water entered the standing crops and the farmers suffered a huge loss. Most of the livestock also was flown away in this flood. Some people were shifted to safe shelters but there was no rehabilitation. Does site has any flood potential? Any river flooding nearby or any icendt in past of site flooding?
Road/Rail Accidents A railway accident occurred in the year 2003 in the monsoon season near Berle,Vaibhavwadi when the 904 Karwar – Mumbai Central derailed in which 52 passengers died and many were injured. This is one incident. Is the project area prone to accidents?
Landslides Due to heavy rain some parts of the district experienced landslides along with tree collapse leading to the human loss. Landslides largely occur in three major hill stations and make troubles in movement of vehicles on both National and State Highways. So, it is a regular event, which cannot be ignored in disaster management plan. Locations prone to landslides in this district are : Amboli Ghat on Sawantwadi-Amboli-Belgaum Road State Highway No.112. Phonda Ghat on Kankavli – Phonda – Ratnagiri – Kolhapur Road StateHighway No. 116. Karul Ghat -Gagan Bavada-Kolhapur Road State Highway No. 115
Earthquakes Though Sindhudurg district has no earlier history of earthquakes still it comes under the seismic zone III. There was no loss in Kankavli, Sawantwadi, Malvan and Vengurla due to the Killari earthquake of 1993. The proximity of the Western Ghat Fault Scarp and evidences of neo tectonic activities in the Konkan area point to the earth movements in the recent past and the possibility of an earthquake cannot be ruled out. There is no history of earthquakes in this district earlier. (Source:-District Disaster Management Plan, 2012-2013 by District Disaster Management Authority, Sindhudurg, Govt. of Maharashtra)
8.4 DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR CONSTRUCTION PHASE Disaster management plan prepared to avoid any risk assessed during the construction phase has been discussed below • Scaffolding at site is considered as one of the major hazards at a construction site and can be mitigated by following measures
a. Inspection and certification (tagging) of the erection. b. Intermediate guard rails, c. Barrier and warning notices, d. Regular inspection of the scaffold.
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e. Provision of toe guards to prevent items from rolling over the edge f. Secure fixing g. ladder condition, h. position and foundation, i. suitability j. slippery sideways. k. availability of extinguishers, l. reducing the possibility of ignition sources, m. provision of exit alarms, n. personnel awareness of the risks o. emergency procedures p. regular training of responsible “fire marshals”
• Hazardous Substance is considered as a low risk hazard but should be taken care by preserving the material at right place and in approved conditions. • Power access equipment causes hazards and should be managed by using good quality tools as well as regular maintenance. • Hazard of ladder can be mitigated by proper erection and regular check up and vigilance during use of ladders. • Plant and machinery hazards are very major and can be mitigated by using proper pre- approved and certified equipment with regular periodic maintenance. • Fire and Emergency is one of the most common hazards at construction site, this can be mitigated by
8.5 DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR OPERATION PHASE
8.5.1 On Site Emergency Management Plan
8.5.1.1 Earthquake
Spatial and temporal impacts of earthquake are large. Resource requirements are both intensive and extensive for management of earthquake. Though the project impact area comes under seismic zone- III, the probability of occurrence of earthquake in future is not ruled out. In the case earthquake occur, following management plan will be adopted: • Since earthquake is the most uncertain natural occurrence giving birth to massive calamities on both life and property, adequate care has been taken into account while designing the infrastructure facilities for the proposed site as per seismic zone. • Extensive rescue operations are required to shift the injured persons to the nearest medical units and evacuate the trapped individuals to safer places. Appropriate medical services are necessary to control epidemics in the post earthquake period. • Suitable steps on war footing basis need to be adopted to restore all the essential services like, electricity, water and food supply, telecommunication, transportation, etc. Proper steps should also ensure the protection and safeguard of properties. • Damage to road access due to landslides/land subsidence would need immediate clearing for which operations in close coordination with the concerned departments/agencies in the district will have to be made.
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• Areas indicating signs of liquefaction should be declared out of bounds and district vigil should be kept to prohibit trespassing. • Foundations of the structures prone to liquefaction will require technical assessment. • Alteration in the river, creek and canal water flow that may inundate the site areas would require immediate evacuation of people and properties in coordination with the district authorities.
8.5.1.2 Fire
Though fire in general is a localized problem it may assume unmanageable proportions if immediate care is not taken. Following management plan shall be adopted: • Storage of fuel will be as per the rules and guidelines as laid down in the relevant statutes. • Adequate fire safety equipments e.g. extinguishers, dry chemicals, carbon dioxide, foam spray; water spray should be kept in the complex. • IS codes for cables to be applied for preventing short circuits in wiring. • Adequate Immediate actions call for the extinguishing of fire by using proper devices necessary, depending on the nature of the fire keeping in consideration that the fires are not spread further to cause greater loss of life and properties. • Immediate rescue operations will be initiated for which assistance of the local fire service authorities to be sought. • Emergency medical attention will be extended to the affected / injured persons immediately. Serious burn cases should be transported to General hospital in town or private health care units in the vicinity.
Flood and Cyclones Since the proposed site is located very close to coastal plain of seashore, the area is highly susceptible to coastal flooding. Inundation by the sea on coastal areas is potentially caused by unusually high tide, storm surge, hurricanes (cyclonic storms) and wave activity including tsunamis. Coastal floods may also be caused by structural failure of defences with some locations subject to combinations of tidal and river impacts. Long-term processes like subsidence and rising sea level as a result of global warming can lead to encroachment of the sea on land. Floods: Floods are among the most common and destructive natural hazards causing extensive damage to infrastructure, public and private services, the environment, the economy and devastation to human settlements. Floods usually are local, short-lived events can happen suddenly and sometimes with little or no warning. They usually are caused by intense storms that produce more runoff than an area can store or a stream can carry within its normal channel. There are two ways to mitigate floods: 1) Structural and 2) Non-structural. Structural measures are the ones like Embankments, Water shed management, Reservoirs, Natural water retention basin and buildings on elevated area. Whereas Non-structural measures include Flood plain zoning and Flood forecasting and warning. Flood preparedness planning is about putting in place a set of appropriate arrangements in advance for an effective response to floods. Some of the commonly identified flood preparedness activities are:
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• Public awareness raising on flood preparedness, response and mitigation measures; • Stockpiling of emergency relief materials i.e., food, fodder for livestock, emergency medicines, materials for temporary shelter etc; • Installation of community-based early warning system for issuance of timely and effective flood warnings; • Management of safe areas for temporary removal of people and property from a threatened location; • Transportation to safe areas/ evacuation centre; • Ensuring access to health and sanitation facilities;
Cyclone: • Keep a hurricane Lantern filled with kerosene, flash light and enough dry cells. Keep some wooden boards ready so that glass windows can be boarded. • Keep your radio on and listen to latest weather warnings and advisories from the nearest All India Radio station. Pass the information to others. • Get away from low lying beaches or other locations which may be swept by high tides or storm waves. Leave sufficiently early before your way to high ground gets flooded. Do not delay and run the risk of being marooned. • Get extra food, specially things which can be eaten without cooking or with very little preparation. Store extra drinking water in suitable covered vessel. • Check on everything that might blow away or be torn loose. Kerosene tins, cans, agricultural implements, garden tools, road signs and other objects become weapon of destruction in strong winds. Remove them and store them in a covered room. • If the centre of' ‘eye' of the storm passes directly over your place, there will be a lull in the wind and rain, lasting for half an hour or more. During this period stay in safe place. Make emergency repairs during the lull period if necessary, but remember that strong wind will return suddenly from the opposite direction, frequently with even greater violence. • Remain in shelters until informed by those in charge that they may return home and report the losses to the appropriate authorities.
Details of district profile with potential disasters and areas prone to it are mentioned along with district level DMP measures. Check if project area comes in any of the areas prone to natural disasters. Despite all efforts and the measures provided for, it is within the realm of possibility that emergencies and accidents can take place. The primary objective of Emergency Management Plan is to defend the men, material and property against such hazards and restore normalcy as soon as possible. An Emergency Management Group (EMG) is thus constituted with such objective and to provide help to those in need in the times of disaster. The EMG constitutes of personnel having various duties and responsibilities which work in tandem with each other and proper hierarchy to mitigate the adverse impacts of disasters and return to normalcy with immediate effect. All the personnel of EMG operate through Emergency Control Centre (ECC) that is a nodal point for all communications and record of observations and data logging.
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8.6 KEY PERSONS AND RESPONSIBILITIES For effective handling of the emergency, there will be a designated Site Main Controller (SMC), Work Incident Controller (WIC) and various other key persons. The key responsibilities of all the personnel that form the part of EMG are as follows:
Site Main Controller He will report to the Emergency Control Center and will assume overall responsibility of the site and its personnel. The main duties of SMC comprises of: • Assessing the magnitude of the situation and decide whether a major emergency exists or is likely to develop, requiring external assistance. • Inform District emergency chief (i.e. District Collector) accordingly. • Ensure that the key personnel are called in promptly. • Maintain a continuous review of possible developments and assess these to determine most probable course of events. • Assume the head of ECC and oversee all the functions are performed as planned.
Work Incident Controller The WIC will report to the SMC and would act in such a manner as to manage the hazardous situation, put in control and mitigate. The main duties of WIC comprises of: • Exercise direct operational control of the affected area. • Ensure the accounting for personnel and arrange for non essential workers to be sent to assembly point. • Arrange for a chronological record of the emergency to be maintained. • Establish communication link with the ECC (through phone or messenger) and keep the SMC informed about the developments at the incident site
Safety Coordinator The Safety Coordinator would assist the WIC in removal of unsafe situations and act as overseer to monitor that all the activities for emergency management are performed safely and will not escalate the situation.
Medical Officer The M.O. will rush to the scene of emergency on receipt of information and ensure that casualties are receiving adequate help. The WIC is to be informed of the steps taken and seek advice for further mobilization of medical resources from within and outside the site.
Maintenance Support Officer He will provide assistance as per the demand of WIC / Safety Officer and will be responsible for electrical supply cut-off / restoration and other mechanical and workshop help.
Civil Support Officer His responsibility is to provide fabrication/construction manpower for any demolition/ construction as per the emergent situation and provide temporary barricade to the affected location.
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Material Support Officer He has to ensure that the stores remain open throughout the period of emergency for providing material assistance together with providing assistance to the Maintenance Support officer and Civil Support officer for receiving adequate supplies of machinery spares and material.
Area Staff They will ensure removal of non essential workers to the assembly points and will facilitate Roll Caller to verify the causality.
Running Messengers Running messengers will act as per the direction of respective key personnel.
Employees All the employees are responsible to inform their section in charge about the mishap. The employees of the emergency area except involved in the emergency handling must assemble at the designated assembly points.
Technical Coordinator The persons in charge of the respective sections are designated as Technical Coordinators. They will ensure that all operations are put in safe and standby condition.
Utilities Coordinator The utilities coordinator will hold the responsibility of examining and assessing the requirement of water for the purpose of fire fighting and other requirements like drinking and processing water. If required, he will shut down the main power supply to the site and arrange for safe backup power in the affected area and the emergency control center.
Liaison and Public Relations Coordinator The liaison and Public Relations coordinator may be a separate person or the duties may be performed by SMC only. He will liaise with local police/ law enforcing authority, District Collector, Chief Medical Officer, District Fire Officer, etc. for possible help, if needed.
Transportation Coordinator The transportation coordinator will have the responsibility of ensuring that all vehicles are in good state of repair and maintain a log of all vehicle movement and remain standby for any immediate situation.
Communication Coordinator Communications officer will provide information to the emergency services as directed by SMC and shall have all available means and messengers to communicate.
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8.7 EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS In addition to planning and delegating responsibilities to the identified key persons, the proposed land parcel will be adequately equipped in terms of safety equipment and facilities in order to be completely prepared for combating emergencies.
Fire Alarm and Fire Fighting All the fire risks in the site like engine room, stores, vehicle dispatch section, administration blocks, electrical substation, etc. will be adequately armed with fire alarm systems (smoke detectors) and will be equipped with fire extinguishers. The land parcel will be equipped with an adequate fire hydrant system.
Personal Protective Equipment The PPEs act as last line of defense and provide physical protection to the personnel. Sufficient supplies of PPEs like helmets, gloves, ear muffs/plugs, face mask, fire escape masks, water gel blankets, goggles etc. will be maintained at the proposed site.
Communication System Communication facilities play a key role in notification, coordination and even for calling external help during emergency situations. In view of this, adequate communication arrangements shall be made as given below: • External telephones • Facsimile • Internal telephones in all sections • Public Address System • Walkie-talkies
In addition to the above, a siren with adequate audible range to cover the entire site will be available.
Training Workers will be trained in fire-fighting and safety aspects through demonstration exercises and mock- drills.
Emergency Control Center It is necessary that the emergency is controlled from one specific point so that all the inputs are available at the Emergency Control Center (ECC). At ECC a list of emergency telephone numbers, communication facilities & necessary documents for emergency management will be available.
8.8 EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PROCEDURE It has been observed that pre-planned and practiced procedures for management of emergency substantially reduce the damage potential of an accident. Thus, for any facility it is necessary to have clear-cut procedures for different functions of emergency planning and management. All occupants within the land parcel will be authorized to report the emergency. If the incident is of a serious nature, the security in-charge of the shift will contact the site in-charge to report the situation
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who will then mobilize suitable personnel to asses the situation and declare the emergency accordingly. The SMC shall perform the following broad duties: • Emergency Shut-Down • Accounting of Personnel • Evacuation • Rehabilitation • Inform relatives of the affected people • Terminate the emergency procedures
These will be followed by: • Head count of all the individuals at the assembly point. • Constitution of the committee to investigate the cause of disaster, which will submit a detailed report of the findings. • Based on the findings and lessons learned during emergency, the on-site plan will be suitably modified to make it more effective. • Mock-drills will be carried out on the on-site plan to check its effectiveness and for identification of areas for improvement. • Regular training programs through audio-visual aides will be conducted to enhance the preparedness of all workers, specially the emergency combat personnel.
8.9 OFF -SITE EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS PLAN Off-site emergency plan follows the on-site emergency plan. When the consequences of an emergency situation go beyond the site boundaries, an off-site emergency comes into play. Off-site emergency is essentially the responsibility of the public administration however; the site management will provide public administration along with technical information relating to the nature, quantum and probable consequences on the neighboring population. The off-site plan in detail will be based on those events which are most likely to occur, but other less likely events which have severe consequence will also be considered. Incidents which have very severe consequences yet have a small probability of occurrence should also be considered during the preparation of the plan. However, the key feature of a good off-site emergency plan is flexibility in its application to emergencies other than those specifically included in the formation of the plan. The main aspects which should be included in the off-site emergency plan are: • Organization/ hierarchy • Communication systems • Specialized knowledge experts or agencies • Voluntary organizations • Meteorological information • Humanitarian arrangements • Public information • Assessment of emergency plan
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Emergency Code of Practices The following are the code of practices (COP) that will be followed by Elite Township Pvt. Ltd. during the disasters from natural hazards which can affect the proposed land parcel: Objective To provide relief to the affected people in quick and efficient manner Earthquake Preparedness The earthquake susceptibility in the proposed land parcel will be studied and the earthquake protection measures will be accordingly incorporated in the building design stage itself. Line of Action Earthquakes are situations that do not affect a particular identified location. Thus, after the earthquake the SMC will perform the following duties-
• Patrolling of sensitive locations and the entire facility • Instruct communication officer to contact all department heads to give status of their respective areas, men and machinery. • If any help is sought at some place, mobilize the resources accordingly • Immediate attendance of all the staff and visitors
Fire fighting COP Objective The main objective of this Code of Practice is to detect the source and location of the fire and extinguish followed by the evacuation of victims and goods to a safe area. Fire fighting Preparedness The critical areas should be provided with fire alarm, extinguisher and automatic fire hydrant system. Caution and awareness signage shall be strategically installed at regular interval in those areas. Line of Action Immediately on the breakout of the fire, the following line of action shall be adopted: • To reach the location of crisis at the earliest • To identify the source of fire and take necessary action to diminish the cause • To make sure all the fire automatic fire hydrants are operational • To evacuate the area as early as possible • Instruct communication officer to contact all department heads to give status of their respective areas, men and machinery. • Immediate attendance of all the staff and visitors • Providing of medical on site aid to affected people • Call ambulance on immediate basis for the affected people and send them to nearest hospital
8.10 MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORKS AND CONCLUSION The overarching objective of the project is the economic development of the region / State/ country and improvement in the quality of life of the local population in general. It therefore becomes
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necessary to develop an appropriate response mechanism, which would act in close coordination with the District Collector / DDMA of the district. For this purpose, the authority should set up a Disaster Management Cell with a small team of dedicated personnel trained in relief and rescue operations required for the anticipated emergencies. In addition to the above the following should be undertaken by the authority. • Extensive afforestation programme will be undertaken with appropriate native species as per guidelines of CPCB. • Timely warning to the local residents will be made through an effective communication system. • Timely alerting the key personnel in Disaster Management Cell of the district for taking emergency action. • A Disaster Management Committee will be set up involving all the stakeholders particularly the local community and NGOs and a list of personnel with allocated responsibilities will be kept at the office and in all the concerned local body offices. • All power supply lines and connections, public address systems, etc. will be thoroughly checked before onset of the monsoon months and special mock drills should be will be organised to put all concerned on alert. • The administrative machinery of the project along with local NGOs will organize regular awareness campaigns with the help of the local authorities where women and school children from the community should be involved. Involvement of NGOs is necessary in mobilizing community efforts for the control of epidemics by ensuring standards of environmental sanitation, disposal of waste and personal hygiene. • The buildings in the project site will be allowed to be used as safe shelters during emergencies. • Volunteers’ Handbook for Disaster Preparedness of the UNDP will be circulated during awareness campaigns.
8.10.1 Coordination with Concerned Authorities
The policy of the Govt. of India emphasizes on sustainable disaster/risk reduction in all states/UTs by building capacities at all levels to institutionalize disaster risk management in the country. For strengthening the overall capacities for emergency/disaster response in the country, the Govt. of India is systematically assessing the existing systems at the national, state and district levels. Mock drills with the community should be carried out regularly which may be helpful while formulating the disaster response mechanism by the authorities.
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CHAPTER 9. CORPORATE ENVIRONMENT RESPONSIBILITY
9.1 ENVIRONMENT POLICY
M/s Elite Township Pvt. Ltd. is one of the subsidiary companies of Ireo Pvt. Ltd (IREO). All the policies and standard operating procedures followed by Ireo Pvt. Ltd. are applicable to and are abide by all its subsidiary companies. The IREO, along with its all subsidiary companies, has its own Environment, Occupational, Health and Safety (EHS) Policy that focuses on the commitment to excellence in Environmental, Occupational Health and Safety stewardship of all its activities and services. The Policy shows the organization commitments towards: 1. Compliance to all applicable EHS legislation, statutory and regulatory requirements 2. Continual enhancement of EHS performance through sound practices. 3. Design, build and operate its facilities in an environmentally responsible manner, conserving energy, water, other natural resources; minimizing waste generation and preventing pollution thereby contributing to environmentally sustainable growth. 4. Accountability for ensuring a safe and healthy environment. 5. Providing training, awareness and resources to accomplish above mentioned EHS commitments.
The duly signed policy is enclosed as Annexure 9.1 . The commitment made under the above said policy is applicable to M/s Elite Township Pvt. Ltd. and is being followed as it is.
9.2 STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES
As said above M/s Elite Township Pvt. Ltd. will strictly abide by the IREO’s standardized operating procedures for project planning and execution phase of the project. The standard operating procedures (SOP’s) have been divided under five heads based on project stages as follows: Stage 1. Project Concept and Definition Stage 2. Feasibility Study Stage 3. Design Brief and Appointment of Consultants Stage 4. Design Development and Production of Good for Construction (GFC’s) Drawings Stage 5. Project Execution
The Annexure 9.2 Shows the process flow of above mentioned stages along with the inter-linkages of various department s and inputs to be provided at all five stages
9.3 HIERARCHICAL SYSTEM OF THE ORGANIZATION
The hierarchical system of the M/s Elite Township Pvt. Ltd. is presented in Figure 9.1.
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Figure 9.1 Hierarchical System of the Organisation
9.4 REPORTING MECHANISM OF NON -COMPLIANCE
M/s Elite Township Pvt. Ltd. has team of qualified environmental experts personals to ensure the implementation of environmental requirements. The environmental team proposes to conduct site inspections as site requirements. Any non-compliances during the site inspections will be reported / closed as per the reporting mechanism given in Figure 9.2 . Figure 9.2 Reporting Mechanism of Non-Compliance
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