Rapport D'activité De L'ias Pour La Période 2008-2013

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Rapport D'activité De L'ias Pour La Période 2008-2013 INSTITUTINSTITUT D’ASTROPHYSIQUE D’ASTROPHYSIQUE SPATIALE SPATIALE RAPPORTRAPPORT D’ACTIVITÉ D’ACTIVITÉ 2008-20132008-2013 JuinJuin 2017 2017 2008-2013 Table des matières 1 PRÉSENTATION DE L’UNITÉ7 1.1 Historique et localisation...........................7 1.2 Politique scientifique.............................8 1.3 Profils d’activités............................... 12 1.4 Structuration de l’unité de recherche.................... 12 1.5 Moyens humains............................... 13 1.6 Ressources budgétaires et relations avec les partenaires........ 16 1.7 Instances de pilotage............................ 18 1.8 Communication................................ 19 1.9 Hygiène et sécurité, démarche qualité................... 20 1.10 Faits marquants............................... 20 2 RÉALISATIONS 23 2.1 Equipe Matière Interstellaire et Cosmologie................ 23 2.1.1 Le succès de la mission Planck................... 23 2.1.2 Découverte du ciel polarisé..................... 25 2.1.3 Physique de la Matière Interstellaire................ 27 2.1.3.1 La structure du milieu interstellaire............ 27 2.1.3.2 Nature et évolution des grains interstellaires...... 28 2.1.4 Physique du gaz et évolution des galaxies............. 30 2.1.5 Histoire de la formation d’étoiles dans l’univers.......... 31 2.1.5.1 Les anisotropies du fond diffus infrarouge (FDIR) : me- sures............................ 31 2.1.5.2 Les anisotropies du FDIR : modélisation........ 32 2.1.5.3 Les points froids du FDIR : proto-amas à grand z... 32 2.1.5.4 Les sources du FDIR................... 33 2.1.5.5 Modélisations empiriques de l’évolution des galaxies IR 33 2.1.5.6 Formation et évolution des galaxies par l’approche semi- analytique......................... 33 2.1.6 La cosmologie des grandes structures............... 34 1/259 2008-2013 2.1.6.1 Les amas de galaxies................... 34 2.1.6.2 Réionisation : corrélation croisée LOFAR-Planck et dé- tectabilité.......................... 35 2.1.7 Le fond diffus cosmologique..................... 36 2.1.7.1 L’effet Sachs-Wolfe intégré................ 36 2.1.7.2 Non-gaussianité...................... 37 2.1.7.3 Polarisation en mode B : aspects théoriques et détec- tabilité............................ 37 2.1.8 Outils de traitements, de diffusion et d’analyse des données... 38 2.1.8.1 Traitement et diffusion des données........... 38 2.1.8.2 Outils de modélisation et d’analyse........... 38 2.1.9 Recherche et développement en Instrumentation......... 39 2.1.9.1 Matrices de TES...................... 39 2.1.9.2 Étude des interactions détecteurs - particules (bolo- mètres Planck/HFI).................... 39 2.1.9.3 Bolomètres massifs doubles scintillants......... 39 2.1.9.4 Minibolomètres et métrologie des rayonnements.... 40 2.1.9.5 Conception et/ou réalisation de projets......... 40 2.1.9.6 Rayonnement et attractivité académiques........ 41 2.1.9.7 Interaction avec l’environnement socio-économique et culturel........................... 42 2.1.9.8 Contribution à des actions de formation......... 42 2.2 Equipe Astrochimie et Origines....................... 43 2.2.1 La matière carbonée du MIS : production et modification sous rayonnement............................. 43 2.2.2 Les silicates interstellaires et circumstellaires : effets d’irradiation ionique et recuit thermique, interactions gaz-silicates....... 44 2.2.3 Les glaces interstellaires, planétaires et cométaires....... 45 2.2.3.1 Production et analyse de résidus organiques-MICMOC 45 2.2.3.2 Effets des irradiations ioniques : pulvérisation (« sput- tering »), modification de phase............. 46 2.2.3.3 Etude spectroscopique de clathrates hydrates..... 47 2.2.3.4 Modélisation spectrale des glaces de TNOs...... 47 2.2.4 Analyse de la matière extraterrestre primitive........... 48 2.2.4.1 Grains de poussières interplanétaires (IDPs) et grains cométaires (Stardust)................... 49 2.2.4.2 Micrométéorites Antarctiques (MMA).......... 51 2.2.4.3 Météorites......................... 52 2.3 Equipe Physique du Système Solaire et des Systèmes Planétaires... 53 2.3.1 Etudes des processus responsables de la formation et de l’évo- lution des objets planétaires..................... 54 2.3.1.1 Mission Rosetta...................... 54 2.3.1.2 VIR/Dawn......................... 56 2.3.1.3 MicrOmega/Phobos Grunt................ 56 2.3.1.4 MicrOmega/Hayabusa 2................. 57 2/259 2008-2013 2.3.1.5 MicrOmega / ExoMars.................. 57 2.3.1.6 OMEGA / Mars Express.................. 57 2.3.1.7 La mission BEPICOLOMBO/MPO............ 58 2.3.1.8 Développements R et D associés, relations avec le monde industriel.......................... 60 2.3.2 Identification et caractérisation d’exoplanètes........... 61 2.3.2.1 Exploitation scientifique des données de la mission Co- RoT............................. 61 2.3.2.2 Atmosphères exoplanétaires et spectrophotométrie des transits........................... 62 2.3.2.3 Développement de l’interférométrie annulante..... 62 2.3.2.4 Contribution à la prospective instrumentale pour les exo- planètes.......................... 63 2.4 Equipe Physique Solaire et Stellaire.................... 63 2.4.1 Bilan structure interne du Soleil et des étoiles........... 64 2.4.1.1 Le Soleil.......................... 64 2.4.1.2 Les étoiles de type solaire................ 64 2.4.1.3 Les étoiles évoluées.................... 65 2.4.1.4 Les étoiles massives................... 66 2.4.2 Structure externe du Soleil et des étoiles............. 66 2.4.2.1 Moyens de diagnostics.................. 66 2.4.2.2 Petites échelles spatiales : turbulence, chauffage à micro- échelle........................... 68 2.4.2.3 Grandes échelles spatiales................ 69 2.4.2.4 Activité magnétique stellaire............... 72 2.4.3 Centre de données : MEDOC et D2S............... 73 2.4.4 Recherche et développement.................... 74 2.4.5 Rayonnement et attractivité académique.............. 75 2.4.6 Interactions avec l’environnement social, économique et culturel 76 3 IMPLICATION DE L’UNITÉ DANS LA FORMATION PAR LA RECHERCHE 77 4 STRATÉGIES ET PERSPECTIVES SCIENTIFIQUES POUR LE FUTUR CONTRAT 81 4.1 Matière Interstellaire et Cosmologie.................... 81 4.1.1 Fond diffus cosmologique : Cosmologie avec Planck polarisé.. 82 4.1.1.1 Phénoménologie de la cosmologie quantique à boucles (CQB)............................ 82 4.1.1.2 Anisotropies secondaires polarisées : rotation Faraday 82 4.1.1.3 Réionisation cosmique : Planck, LOFAR......... 82 4.1.1.4 Corrélations croisées avec les grandes structures (LSS) 83 4.1.2 Les grandes structures....................... 83 4.1.2.1 Structuration à grande échelle avec Euclid - sonde du modèle cosmologique................... 83 4.1.2.2 Études conjointes Sunyaev-Zel’dovich - fond diffus IR. 83 4.1.2.3 Fragmentation du gaz intergalactique dans les phases pré-accrétion et pré-collapse............... 84 3/259 2008-2013 4.1.2.4 Origines, et co-évolution du champ magnétique à l’échelle cosmique.......................... 84 4.1.3 Formation des étoiles et des Galaxies............... 84 4.1.4 Formation des étoiles et champ magnétique............ 85 4.1.5 Physique et évolution des grains interstellaires.......... 85 4.1.5.1 Evolution des grains.................... 85 4.1.5.2 Propriétés des grains en polarisation.......... 86 4.1.5.3 Physico-chimie du gaz et des grains dans les premières étapes de formation planétaire.............. 86 4.1.6 Centre d’expertise « grandes longueurs d’onde » et IDOC.... 87 4.1.7 Recherche et Développement en Instrumentation......... 87 4.1.7.1 Détection à grande longueur d’onde........... 87 4.1.7.2 Bolomètres massifs scintillants et mini-bolomètres... 88 4.1.8 Implication dans les projets..................... 88 4.2 Astrochimie et Origines........................... 88 4.2.1 Processus énergétiques, réflectance et lien avec la matière ex- traterrestre.............................. 89 4.2.2 Influence des rayons cosmiques sur la structure des glaces... 89 4.2.3 Interaction surfaces silicatées-gaz................. 90 4.2.4 Continuum de production d’analogues à la matière carbonée du MIS.................................. 90 4.2.4.1 Elargissement de la gamme des films et résidus produits 90 4.2.4.2 Caractérisation complète de ces différents matériaux. 91 4.2.5 Chiralité................................ 92 4.2.6 Clathrates............................... 92 4.2.7 Ouvrir la spectroscopie des analogues vers l’UV-VUV...... 92 4.2.8 Moyens mobilisés.......................... 93 4.3 Physique du Système Solaire et des Systèmes Planétaires....... 95 4.3.1 Système solaire........................... 95 4.3.1.1 L’Exploration de Mars................... 95 4.3.1.2 L’étudedes petits corps du système solaire : ROSETTA, Hayabusa 2, DAWN.................... 96 4.3.1.3 Les perspectives d’étude de Mercure avec BepiColombo 97 4.3.1.4 Les perspectives concernant l’étude des planètes géantes : CASSINI, JUICE...................... 97 4.3.2 Exoplanètes............................. 97 4.3.3 Recherche et Développement.................... 98 4.4 Physique Solaire et Stellaire......................... 99 4.4.1 Structure interne du Soleil et des étoiles.............. 99 4.4.2 Structure externe du Soleil et des étoiles............. 101 4.4.3 Recherche et Développement.................... 103 4.5 Impact de l’évolution des ressources humaines sur les perspectives de l’IAS...................................... 104 4.6 Les perspectives Paris-Saclay........................ 106 5 ANNEXE 1 : ORGANIGRAMMES DE L’IAS (2013) 107 4/259 2008-2013 6 ANNEXE 2 : PRODUCTION
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