ANTHRO 234: Macawa 9 Performing Protest and Identity some comments on tauiwi Pasifika climate activist music in Aotearoa New Zealand

Luka Leleiga Lim-Bunnin Introduction ● Vaigaga — Safotu — Sa’anapu ✈ LOs - to become familiar with: Tāmaki Makaurau ✈ London 1) Some of the main issues within ● MA thesis: “The edge the and surrounding “Pacific centre: Pasifika queer crip protest music” comments on Pasifika climate activist performance in New 2) Some features of Pasifika Zealand” climate activist music in ANZ

● Main context: School Strike For 3) How the previous knowledges can Climate - 27th September 2019, be used in further Pōneke Wellington musical-cultural areas ● How I got into this (or not? You can debate this ● (some aspects… ) one out.) rationale - question - areas of enquiry ● 3 Pasifika organisations, 1 Samoan land rights organisation, Pasifika queer-trans disabled communities - perisex female, hearing, sighted, ambulatory, upper-middle class (U.K.)

● What are the roles, purposes, and consequences of music and performance in Pasifika climate activism in Aotearoa New Zealand?

● Connections…

● Performing Pacific Indigeneity (Raymond; Refiti; Butler)

● Universality and dualism-binarism

● Warriorhood, militarism, colonisation, climate (in)justice Protest music? & generalised framings ● What is protest?

● complications... (including identity)

● Is Pasifika climate activist performance protest music? [can discuss this later]

● Diaspora - ? ● Climate activism - ? ● Climate justice - ? Terminology: gender, sexuality, sex in English gender: sometimes conceived as sociocultural elaborations on bodily states, gender is an interwoven fluid combination of interactions, perceptions, expressions, and expectations, as practised by sentient beings in communities, families, societies, and spiritual, institutional, sociocultural, emotional, physical, temporal and environmental structures. e.g. transgender, cisgender, non-binary sexuality (probably more orientation): emotional, physical, romantic, sexual, platonic, sensory, aesthetic attraction sex: also referred to as “biological” sex, this describes the bodily characteristics (such as hormones) and assignations of people in accordance with how intersex, female, and male are defined e.g. intersex, perisex (female / male) Terminology: gendersexuality divergence

Gendersexuality-divergent (or Rainbow, but not LGBTQIA+): referring to gender, sex, and sexuality simultaneously, whilst noting the interconnections and differences between them existing outside of hegemonic—and particularly, colonial—classifications of what is normative some people identify as gay, and not as fa’atama some people identify as leiti, and not as LGBTQIA+ Terminology: disability in English

United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) definition: “Persons with disabilities include those who have long-term physical, mental, intellectual or sensory impairments which in interaction with various barriers may hinder their full and effective participation in society on an equal basis with others.” disability: describes the societal, social, cultural, and tempo-spatial ways in which people’s bodies and minds are positioned as lesser, wrong, sick, and valueless, particularly through medical and legal institutions, and frameworks of function-and-worth (me) crip = disabled reclaimed slur (kind of: crip is to disabled as queer is to gay - crip and queer have particular politics associated with them) Oceanian Indigenous gendersexuality-divergent terms!

Māhū - Hawai‘i Fa‘afatama - Samoa i Sisifo, ? Fakatangata - Māhūkāne - Hawai‘i Fa‘atane - Samoa i Sisifo, Samoa i Sasa‘e Tomboy - (various areas, kind Māhūwahine - Hawai‘i Tauatane - Samoa i Sisifo, Samoa i Sasa‘e of repurposed) Aikāne - Hawai‘i Fakafefine - Tonga Kakōļ - Punalua - Hawai‘i Fakaleiti - Tonga *Jerā - Marshall Islands Vakasalewalewa - (lewa - girl) Leiti, Lei - Tonga Fairy - Fiji (can be slur) *Double-Di - Rennell Island, Solomon Islands? Qauri - Fiji (can be slur - from Fijian Hindi: gauri - ?) Kwolu-Aatmwol - Sambia (ethnic group), Papua Rae Rae - Tahiti (and maybe further areas?) New Guinea Lae Lae - Kuki ‘Airani (Avaiki Nui?) ‘Akava‘ine - Kuki ‘Airani (Avaiki Nui?) *Gelagela - Solomon Islands (as written by Lisa Hilli on Queernesia instagram) ‘Akatangata - Kuki ‘Airani (Avaiki Nui?) Palopa - *Geligeli - Solomon Islands (can be slur) Pinapinaaine, Binabinaaine - , Waria - West Papua (Indonesian word) Binabinamane, Pinapinamane - Kiribati, Tuvalu Wininmvan (potentially Wininmvaan, Wininmpwan?) - Chuuk Takatāpui - Aotearoa *Mengol a otaor - Palau Whakawahine - Aotearoa *Mondil - Palau (from one of UTOPIA’s powerpoints, I think) Tangata Ira Tane - Aotearoa *Menga Tuu - Palau Fa‘afafine - Samoa i Sisifo, Samoa i Sasa‘e Mamflorita - Guåhan (and further? - CHamoru) Fa‘a‘afa - Aotearoa Samoa Malalahi, Man-Malalahi - Guåhan (and further? - CHamoru) Fa‘atama - Samoa i Sisifo, Samoa i Sasa‘e Sistergirl - , Aboriginal Brotherboy - Australia, Aboriginal Oceanian Indigenous disability terms?

Disability: Māori: Tangata Whaikaha Tangata Whaiora? Takiwātanga (Keri Opai, 2017)

Pasifika: [?] Samoa: ...tavāloloto…? [...] [???] Chosen Music - SSFC 27th September 2019 Aotearoa Fiji Samoa Tonga? Oqo Na Noqu MasuTe Ata o Te Vaveao ‘Ie Lavalava nation Ka Pioioi Te Mea Te Manaia Fale‘ula Papua Merdeka Lo Ta Nu‘u (chant) antiphony (call & response) Falealili Uma Unchosen Music homophony (?) West Papua Kiribati Mystery of Life Samoa (all parts move at I Kario Mwanewe Papua Merdeka Song of the the same time) (“Out Of Breath”) (chant) Spirit Te‘e How music is chosen ● Nation (islands, areas, villages, families), ethnicity, religion, politics, culture aganu’u & agaifanua (Samoa specifically)

● Power & decisions “majority - minority - time & generation”

● Intentions with performances

● Oqo Na Noqu Masu Oqo Na Noqu Masu ● Teresia Kieuea Teaiwa Tangi, 2017 - rehearsals → repertoire (also national Fijian rugby league team: Bati: pre-match) Taken out of context?

● Accidentals and haphazards Set programme - “common knowledge” “planning vs. moment”

● Antiphonal: voice parts & gender ● Who leads? ● Christianity Uses of the music, purposes & framing of the music ● Emotion: amplifiers, blocks, distractions chants & comments

● Music as theory: ONEFOUR

● Warriors… the music is our weapon… ● What are we fighting for? ● Who or what are we fighting? Are we fighting ourselves? ● Ability essentialism! ● Notion of home, genealogy, and ancestors ● Audience: ? Consumption? What is palatable to white crowds? How music is not chosen ● Māori - ? Ngāti Toa Rangatira - ?

● Why aren’t we using hip-hop? Why not vogue? Why don’t we rap? Why no peroveta? No meke? No haka?

● Song of the Spirit Te’e & I Kario Mwanewe(? “Out Of Breath”) stable feeling, unstable feeling, cohesiveness (for whom?) Conclusion? ● It’s complex: I don’t think there are any easy answers, here.

● Power: from people, numbers, strength - but: who, where, when, how, why?

● Strategy → ? Further sources 1/3 ● DIVA for Equality: https://www.facebook.com/DIVAFiji ‘UNJUST, UNEQUAL, UNSTOPPABLE: Fiji LBT women and gender non-conforming people tipping the scales toward justice’ https://tinyurl.com/yyuc2ueg

● Candice Elanna Steiner: A Sea of Warriors: Performing an Identity of Resilience and Empowerment in the Face of Climate Change in the Pacific https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10125/38768/v27n1-147 -180.pdf Further sources 2/3 ● Te Toa Matoa: http://www.tetoamatoa.org/ Disabilities and Climate Change in the Pacific – Kiribati Style! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bQTnBPhhw4I

● Pacific Disability Rights: (World of Inclusion) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SbbRsIDmEKo

● Sara Ahmed: The Cultural Politics of Emotion (2nd edition) https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.3366/j.ctt1g09x4q Further sources 3/3 ● Pacific Climate Warriors - Wellington https://www.facebook.com/PCWWLG

● Te Ara Whatu https://www.facebook.com/tearawhatu

● Youngsolwara https://www.facebook.com/Youngsolwara

● Soālaupule (Sāmoans Against The 2020 Amendment Bills) https://www.facebook.com/SamoaLandRights Questions?