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By ALEX KERSTITCH TUCSON - My search for the elusive live Cassis tenuis in the Gulf of California (Sea of Cortez) finally ended with a double bonus (see HSN Nov 1976). In the summer of 1977 I had the opportunity to spend five weeks aboard the University of Arizona's research vessel La Sirena visiting all the major islands from Cabo San Lucas to the midriff portion of the Gulf. My primary objective during this cruise was to photo- graph marine for my forthcoming Marine Fauna of the Sea of Cortez. But when diving off the more remote islands, the thrill of finding coveted spe- cies of mollusks often left me with one eye glued to the viewfinder and one hand under a rock. The fourth day of the cruise we anchored off Isla Catalina, north of La Paz, Baja California. The bottom at 50 feet was strewn with rocks and boulders on a rubble-sand substrate. I turned over a large rock to find ,,-. a giant live six-inch Cassis tenuis Wood, 1828. Still dazed from this discovery, I had another surprise - a 43mm Cypraea isabellamexicana Steams, 1893 sit- ting next to the helmet with its velvet black mantle exposed. Both are surprisingly rare (or at least difficult to find) in the Gulf. The two were photographed alive. I believe this is the first published photographic xanthicus - first photo of live Photos: Kerstitch record of the animals. Kerstitich and molluscanfriend Oliva po/pasta, banded form In anticipation of finding other rare mollusks a night dive was organized, but after fifteen minutes several eight to ten-foot hammerheads decided to join our ac- tivities. I can tolerate sharks during the day but not at night. My next surprise did not occur until a week later and 150 miles further south. At Los Frailes a steep canyon drops down to several hundred feet not far from shore. Few divers have had the opportunity to explore this mysterious canyon, particularly in the greater depths. The morning of June 28 we descended to 220 feet to photograph a deepwater species of damselfish (Chromis n.sp.). Because of the depth our dive was limited to seven minutes to avoid decompression prob- lems. At the bottom, in sand, I followed several tracks which revealed three small banded Oliva sp. - later identified as a new banded form of Oliva polpasta Duclos, 1833. Other specimens have since been taken by shrimp trawlers south of Cabo San Lucas. ~, The next six days saw five more dives in the canyon in depths of 150 to 200 feet with a total bottom time of only about forty minutes. In spite of the relatively short collecting time, several interesting mollusks were picked up, highlighted by a probably new species of (Cont'd on Page 10) Page2 HAW AllAN SHELL NEWS September,1979

~al(!;aita.le Sleett 1teect4 ISSN 0017-8624 About the time this issue of Hawaiian Shell News uled to leave Japan for Homestead, Florida, early Editor Emeritus E. R. CROSS Editor STUART LILLICO reaches most HMS members, a nominating committee in August. An active dealer in shells and a regular ad- Associate Editors. ELMER LEEHMAN, OLIVE will be preparing its slate of Society officers for 1980. vertiser in HSN, Cardin has promised to broadcast SCHOENBERG, GEORGE CAMPBELL Science Advisor E. ALISON KAY The bylaws call for formal balloting at the annual his new address as soon as it is fixed. Science Consultant W. O. CERNOHORSKY meeting in November, and the new leaders will take Editorial Staff Lyman Higa, Cliff Weaver Beware! Mean Nassarius! Corresponding Editors: office on 1 January. K. J. Gilchrist, M.O., Fr. AI Lopez S.J., Any members of the Society who are present at the Life in the aquarium occasionally has a frantic qual- Rick Luther, William E. Old Jr., ity. Take the recent goings-on in the tank set up in the Peter van Pel, Thora Whitehead annual meeting are eligible to vote. Reality, of course, HAWAIIAN MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY prevents all but a small fraction of the membership (the home of Bob Farrow in Honolulu. (Founded ill 1941) 175 or so who live in or near Honolulu) from taking an Things were going along nicely among the inver- P. O. Box 10391 Honolulu, Hawaii 96816 active part in the voting. This puts a special burden on tebrates housed there until Andy Butler brought over a President RAY McKINSEY Vice President ANOY ADAMS the local members to run the Society in a manner number of small creatures he had cleared from his own Treasurer WES THORSSON acceptable to the large majority who live outside Ha- aquarium. Among them was a bizarre little two-inch Recording Sec'y VAL MILLER Corresponding sec'y . OLIVE SCHOENBERG waii. The record of success in this is persuasive. super-camouflaged parthenopeum crab. As the crab The Society meets the first Wednesday of There also is a burden on our overseas members that settled gracefully to the bottom of its new home, a each month at the Hawaii National Guard residentNassarius papillosus "erupted" from the sand headquarters, Diamond Head Road & 22nd may not be so obvious. That is the requirement to keep Avenue, Honolulu at 7:30 p.m. Society officers informed of their opinions on matters and headed for the newcomer. VISITORS WELCOME! affecting malacology. Being recQgnized as a Before anyone could intervene, the "pimple basket" Hawaiian Shell News is issued free to had pounced on the crab and literally torn it to bits. In members of the Society. Postage rates have worldwide association, HMS is occasionally asked to been computed and added to membership speak for the shelling community. To answer intelli- short order the crab was devoured. dues. Single copies of any issue, $1.00, post- age included. Individual copies of any issue gently, it needs to know your feelings. Otherwise the may be obtained, free of charge, by qualified views of only the Hawaii members are represented. The Littlest Deer Cowry individuals for bona fide research projects. Members outside the United States are So don't hesitate to express yourself on anything The list of the smallest cowry specimens that ap- asked to pay with a bank cheque (not a from postal rates to conservation to species names. Tell peared in HSN Nov. 1978 has brought a letter from draft) payable to HMS on a U.S. bank. (Be sure your name and address appear on the Society about it. Don and Cindy Gula of Fort Clayton, Panama Canal the cheque.) Zone. HMS DUES 'Neath Sunny Skies "According to that list, the smallest Cypraea cer- U.S. addresses, including Hawaii, Alaska, Guam, American Samoa, Wearing a modest bandage on his nose, HSN Asso- vinetta Kiener (on record) is 31.5mm," they wrote. APO, FPO and all others using ciate Editor Elmer Leehman paused a few days ago "In our personal collection is a mature C. cervinetta U.S. Zip Codes .. $12.00 to deliver some advice. He was just home from the First Class delivery to the above, measuring exactly 30.0mm. Whom should we notify?" plus Canada and Mexico $15.00* dermatologist, who had removed a worrisome skin R. H. Jones 1432 Dorsh Road, South Euclid, OH Non-U.S. addresses cancer. As "printed matter" .. $13.50 44121 is probably the right man. Robert J. L. Wagner, As "Ietter mail" .. $16.00 "A beautiful tan may be fascinating, but it can be R.D.1, Box 21, Marathon, FL 33149, long-time Airmail delivery $20.50* dangerous," Leehman warned. "I have had more Airmail delivery to Asia, Pacific keeper of world size records, should be interested also. and $22.00* than 50 of these 'basil cell carcenomas' removed in the * * * I (*Recommended) past decade. They come from too long exposure to the There is a $1.00 charge for Change of In the interests of accuracy, we offer the following Address. tropical sun. The dermatologist tells me the danger is correction to the note (HSN July 1979) about Jim Articles of interest to shell collectors are cumulative, that each time I go out I increase the solicited. Contents are rjot copyrighted. Re- Beasley's spectacular success with Cypraea valentia likelihood of trouble. publication, with credit to HSN, is invited. near Rabaul. Actually, Beasley spent three years at Advertisements are accepted at the rate "Fortunately, some effective protective lotions have of US$15 per column-inch/issue, payable in Rabaul, but the rare cowries were all found in the final been developed recently. They aren't necessarily the advance. Discounts are offered for six and six months of his stay. Blame the editor for the slip. twelve insertions. Write to the Corresponding most widely advertised brands. Ask your doctor for the Secretary for information. names of the good ones. The object should not be to get Anyone for Snails? a beautiful tan, but to protect you from the sun. Peter Homes' report on Port Vila's annual African "The danger is greatest among people with fair BACK ISSUES Snail Collection Day (HSN Aug. 1979) included a complexions, although the others are not immune. AVAILABLE fascinating statement that a ton of snails is being canned Young people are susceptible, but the trouble becomes each month for export. Associate Editor Olive Schoen- Are you awareof the wealthof informationand plain most common as you get along in years. berg was prompted to inquire whether Achatinafulica good reading to be found in old issuesof Hawaiian "Here in Hawaii we have a particular problem, with is host to flukes and other parasites that could be trans- Shell News? It has been publishedin its presentfonD our clear atmosphere, the overhead sun, and perpetual mitted to human consumers. since1960, and contributors have included some of the reflection off the ocean. But the danger is almost uni- "Yes, flukes do exist here (in New Hebrides) in this top names in malacology worldwide. versal. In beach collecting anywhere, it must be.taken and other snails," Homes responded. Back issuesof HSN again are available from the into account." "Apparently the snail exporters have had a land snail Societyoffice. Write to the CorrespondingSecretary Many Hawaii members do take it into account. They expert out here. He assured everyone that the flukes are for an index and prices. go out on the reef in a variety of costumes designed to destroyed and therefore rendered harmless when the protect them from the sun, ranging from full wet suits to snails are properly cooked. long-sleeve shirts and jeans and to sets of "Farmer "I have not seen the process, but I gather that the DO A FRIEND A FAVOR! John" underwear. We look sort of silly but it is ac- snails are first cooked. Then the various ingredients are HMS Members:Nonmembers will receive a com- cepted as a necessary precaution to avoid skin cancer. plimentary copy of Hawaiian SheD News (with a added before the can is placed in a type of autoclave for membership application) if you send the Corres- * * * the second cooking before dispatch from the factory. ponding Secretarytheir full name and address. Long-time HMS member Charles Cardin was sched- "A. fulica will never be my favorite food." September, 1979 HAWAIIAN SHELL NEWS Page3

Speaking of Books: An Ambitious Attel mpt to Cover the Famiily Canidae

CONE SHELLS: A SYNOPSIS OF THE LIV- However, despite the very large number of species ING . By J. G. Walls. 1011 pp. Neptune names used, there are mercifully few misspellings; I Would You Believe City, NJ: T.P.H. Publications. $30 . noted only two, and the author is certainly to be com- A Live C. thomasi? A Review by DR. ALAN J. KOHN mended on this account. Finally, I will correct only those errors that relate to Jerry Walls' new Cone Shells is the most ambitious my own publications. Walls states that I erroneously attempt ever to provide descriptive and taxonomic in- designated a large number of holotypes of species de- formation on the entire family Conidae. Packed into its scribed primarily by Hwass; he assertsthat these should more than 1,000 pages are lengthy descriptions, com- be lectotypes. Ifhe had evidence that Hwass based his parisons with similar species, and color photographs of species on more specimens than I studied, he should the 300 extant species of Conus that the author consid- have presented it rather than asserting that my work ers valid. contained errors. Most of the book is devoted to an account of these Walls' assertions that I erred in designating five of species, in alphabetical order. Preceding this are Linnaeus' types and perhaps two of Born's and two of thumbnail sketches of shell form, external anatomy, Hwass' as holotypes rather than lectotypes are debata- radula teeth and feeding, larval development, making a ble, but the following are errors in Walls' treatment. collection, some kind words for HSN, and identifica- All are correctly designated as holotypes in my 1968 tion (emphasizing that individuals vary within species Photo: Ninomiya paper. and that color pattern is the most important distinguish- C. ammiralis architalassus Hwass (p. 86 in By ELMER G. LEEHMAN ing feature). Walls), C. nicobaricus Hwass (p. 114), C. cedonulli The shell world rocked along more than a century The author has worked from original descriptions trinitarius Hwass (p. 159), C. punctatus Hwass (p. 222), C. ranunculus Hwass (p. 434), C. luzonicus without clear evidence that the single known specimen and figures when possible. He has devoted a great deal Hwass (p. 434), C. litoglyphus Hwass (p. 646), C. of Cypraea thomasi Crosse, 1865 represented a valid of effort to the species descriptions, which emphasize magellanicus Hwass (p. 674), C. bandanus Hwass (p. species. Then, a few days after reading C. M. Burgess' 695),C. mindanus Hwass(p. 726), C. mitratus Hwass color pattern and eschew quantitative information on startling report in HSN June 1979 that a second speci- (p. 734), C. mus Hwass (p. 750), C. praefectus Hwass shell form. Because shell color patterns are difficult to (p. 772), C. perlusus Hwass (p. 792), C. ferrugineus men had been discovered in an old collection, I re- describe, illustrations are very important. In this book Hwass (p. 800), C. mauritianus Hwass (p. 816), C. ceived a parcel of cowries from my friend, Taizo pusio Hwass (p. 816), C. taeniatus Hwass (p. 883), C. the color photographs of living animals at the beginning Ninomiya of Tokyo. He asked me to show the shells to omaicus Hwass (p. 905), C. venulatus Hwass (p. 931), are excellent. \...,. and C. zonatus Hwass (p. 960). Dr. Burgess, as Ninomiya had been unable to confirm In the systematic part the quality of color photos Cone Shells is directed to the commercially oriented his identifications in Japan. ranges from fair to excellent. A feature superior to any collector. There is a price list in the back, and the author One especially beautiful small cowry in the lot posi- other work on Conus is that Walls has almost always states that .'dealers are the heart of shell collecting, and tively electrified Burgess. After several hours of in- provided more than one color illustratiol) of a species. they are the heart of this book. " While I suspect most tense research, Burgess agreed that Ninomiya was the Usually there are four, emphasizing intraspecific varia- HMS members- including this reviewer - would owner of the first known live-collected specimen of tion; the maximum I counted was eleven shells of the disagree with that statement, this book is the best place Cypraea thomasi, and only the third shell recorded. same species! to go for a state-of-the-art of the whole This new shell measured 16 x 9 x8mm, and was in Some species are also illustrated by black-and-white family Conidae. gem condition. photographs, usually of additional variants. Walls doesn't solve any really vexing taxonomic According to the data slip accompanying it, the shell Early in the systematic part, the color plates lag problems, but fortunately he doesn't pretend to any was collected in 15 to 17 meters of water at "Ras behind the text. They catch up at Conus ambiguus, greater authority than his predecessors. He recognizes Muchamad" (possibly a variant spelling of Ras then race ahead, so that the last color figure, of C. that many taxonomic decisions are presently matters of Mohammed, at the tip of the Sinai Peninsula), Gulf of zona/us, precedes the text of C. monachus. More subjective opinion and assertion. The take-home mes- Suez, on sand under coral by M. Golan. attention to coordination of text and color plates would sage for the future is that objective, quantitative charac- Ninomiya obtained it in a trade. have made the book easier to use. ters derived from different organizational levels of the "My compliments and congratulations to Mr. Splitters will be more inclined to quibble over Walls' organisms will be increasingly important. Thus, this Ninomiya for being the owner of the first gem, live- synonymies than lumpers, as the author belongs to the book will be quite useful but, like all other studies of taken specimenof Cypraea thomasi," declaredBur- latter persuasion. In the one dispute that I know of that Conus, it is hardly the last word. gess as he grudgingly returned the shell to me. has been resolved by the breeding criterion (that of C. elisae and C. pennaceus; see P. Perron in HSN April 1979), Walls is correct. I will refrain from criticizing any of his species designations and refer all readers to the quotation that graces page 2. It is apt to be overlooked but is very important to all critical users of this book. I have tried to review the work in the spirit of these words. While matters of synonymy largely remain opinion, "'-- a few factual errors should be corrected: The type of C. gloriamaris is in Copenhagen, not Amsterdam, and the shell shown is not the holotype. A disconcertingly large number of specific names begin with capital letters; these errors should have been cau~ht in proofreadin~. Page4 HAW AllAN SHELL NEWS September,1979

By WES THORSSON and RAY McKINSEY Figure 2 isC. teres. Note that the papillae are longer ,I There is continuing debate as to what separates spe- and spotted with grey as well as being branched in most cies. The current tendency is to conclude that if, in a cases. There is also an orthogonal system of white series of shells, the characteristics on the left gradually cracklike lines on the teres mantle. change to become the characteristics of the shells on the Seen in the water by a diver, the rashleighana man- right, only one species is involved. tle looks like pink soft flannel, while the teres mantle is Of course, this may be true. But if, in fact, two a hard red cloth. Rashleighana's siphon is white and species are involved, the normal distribution of charac- smooth at the tip, whereas teres' is yellow and fringed teristics can result in an overlap, so the system is not at the tip. The tentacles of both are yellow. infallible. Figure 3 includes both a C. rashleighana (lower If every conceivable characteristic has an overlap, B shell) and a C. teres to demonstrate the difference of is presumably a variation of A. But have we considered colors. The teres' foot has a tendency to extend more every characteristic? Probably not. If A and B always than the rashleighana, but this is not entirely consis- differ in one certain characteristic, are they necessarily tent. separate species? Probably - particularly if they share Shell development: Observations of a series ranging a habitat and do not interbreed. from juvenile to adult indicate that teres develops a This is the situation with Hawaii's famous Cypraea pronounced labial callus early in its growth, soon after rashleighana Melvill, 1888, generally accepted as a forming the base and adding teeth in the aperture. The valid species, and C. teres Gmelin, 1791, as valid a last stage in teres growth is addition of a white overlay species as one is likely to find in the Indo-Pacific. But on the columellar side. Teres does not produce a sharp the two have many characteristics in common - size ridge on the columellar side. and general shape, color, habitat and range. A novice Rashleighana juveniles tend to have a full set of collector often has trouble separating the two. aperture teeth, including a weak posterior inner col- Some specimens of teres have a shape and a callus umellar set reduced on the posterior end as the shell similar to rashleighana. One' 'infallible" test for rash- Fig. 1 Cypraea rashleighana develops. Teres strengthens these inner teeth as it de- leighana is to be able to see its lateral spotting from the the animal was beyond our capabilities.) Teres are velops. base view; occasionally this can be done with teres, The final stage of rashleighana growth is addition of often found in groups of more than two with one of the too. But when you study a number of teres and rash- a pronounced callus on the columellar side with a group sitting on eggs. (Teres are perhaps 10to 20 times leighana specimens in the ocean, in the aquarium and sharply angled ridge. A white overlay is thickened on more abundant than rashleighana during a good year.) -I as cleaned shells, quite a few differences become the labial side but a pronounced labial ridge is not Animal characteristics: Figure i shows a C. rash- apparent. What follows is a summary of those differ- produced except at the extremities. In an aquarium a leighana. Note the white blunt tubular papillae and ences as we have noted them. bulla rashleighana was observed to complete the bot- small spots or pustules. as well as numerous fine white Data on the habitats and life cycles of these species tom of the shell in adult form in about ten days, but the hairlike papillae on the mantle. were taken from a relatively small area in Haleiwa Bay, aquarium environment did not allow thickening the on the north shore of Oahu (Honolulu) in a depth range shell to form an adult. Fig. 2 C. teres Photos: McKinsey of 45 to 85 feet. Data from other areas might differ due Shell characteristics: W. E. J. Walles of Pretoria, to environmental factors. South Africa has convinced us of the necessity ofmak- Life cycles: Over a considerable period, we have ing numeric observations of the dimensions of shells. annually found juvenile C. rashleighana primarily in Width/length and other ratios show a fixed rela- May and June. AmongC. teres at the same time there is tionship. In addition, however, to width-to-length ratio a normal mixture of juvenile and adult shells. Teres lay (W/L) , for example, it is necessary also to indicate eggs throughout the April-to-late-October diving sea- absolute length. Usually shells show two groupings son (seas become too rough after November for div- when ratios are plotted against length. Presumably one ing). On only one occasion have I seen a rashleighana line is for males and one for females, with deviations in on eggs; that was near the end of the season. Starting in each from the average line due to measurement errors, July, the majority of rashleighana are adults. After differences in age, and minor natural variations in August it is rare to see a juvenile, whereas you see shells. juvenile teres throughout the season. Since we see very We have been comparing width-to-length, height- few adult rashleighana early in the season, it could be to-length, height-to-width, aperture width-to-length, concluded that either almost all the adults were col- and labial lip-to-length ratios, as well as weight (in lected the prior season (unlikely, as the rate of finding grams) divided by length x width x height. These val- them is about constant throughout the season) or that ues replace such easily misinterpreted prose de- rashleighana have a relatively short life span in this scriptions as "narrow," "heavy," etc. area, probably under two years. The W/L ratio ofC. rashleighana 14 to l6mm long Teres and rashleighana share the same habitat at ranges from .60 to .66. This ratio increases to .68-.74 Haleiwa, but teres are found in shallow water whereas for 26mm shells. For C. teres 14 to 16mm long, W/L J rashleighana are not. Later in the summer, rash- ratio is .53 to .59. It increases to .58-.64 for 30mm- leighana are most often seen in pairs, one member of long shells. The ratio differences between teres and which is smaller than the other. Among other cowries, rashleighana are consistent, with teres normally nar- the larger of the pair is always the one sitting on eggs rower. The difference is more apparent in a plot of W /L and presumably is female. (Determination of sex from versus length than in the total W/L range of each spe-

~ September, 1979 HAWAIIAN SHELL NEWS Page5

SHELLS FOR SALE

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Fig. 3. C. teres(upper) and C. rashleighana.

cies. Other ratios (except weight/volume) showcompa- It is generally agreed today that C. teres and C. rable differences. W/V ratios are similar for the two rashleighana are different species. Were there an ar- PURTY SHELLS From the collection of Bob Purtymun species. gument, however, data such as the above for animal, 597 Rowell Lane Another important differentiator is the aperture teeth habitat, life cycles and shell shape might be conclusive. Pleasanton, CA 94566 count. Dave Arnette points out that the teeth on the Possibly the same technique can be applied to other Come in and check our browsing trays columella above and below the groove normally found supposed species - C. latior Melvill, 1888 comes to ~ for the hard to get Pacific miniatures. in the tooth area are also significant. Teres labial teeth mind easily - to determine whether it is synonymous (415) 462-4590 vary from 18 to 23, while rashleighana number from with C. teres (as is generally believed) or with C. 13 to 19. The count of outer columellar teeth is one or rashleighana or is, after all, another species. two lower than the labial count for both species. For adult shells, teres columellar teeth are continu- Bishop Museum to Open ous across the groove, and inner teeth equal outer Hawaiian Shell Display columellar teeth. In rashleighana the inner columellar Mollusks have been around six hundred million teeth reduce in size with shell maturity. While the exact years, and Bishop Museum in Honolulu is honoring demarkation between teeth and no teeth is sketchy, the these "old-timers" with a permanent exhibit to be installed in its Polynesian Hall. adult rashleighana's inner columellar teeth vary from As one of the oldest still-surviving animals, the mol- four to eight with posterior teeth missing. lusk offers a clasSic story of adaptation of form to meet Specializing in Hawaiian Molluscs Comparing teres from Haleiwa and from other parts the requirements of function. In this story, the mollusk HAWAIIANISLANDS SPECIMEN SHEllS has developed a great range of size. The giant squid of the Pacific, we found the Samoa-Fiji W/L ratios and MUSEUM reaches lengths of 60 feet, while some gastropod mol- 54-040 Kam Highway similar to that for Hawaii, whereas shells from Ponape, lusks can only be seen through a magnifying glass. Hauula (Oahu), HI 96717 Palau and the Gulf of Aqaba are considerably narrower. This unique story is presented through a combination "... P. O. Box 616 Due to its restricted range, C. rashleighana could of shell displays, explanatory labels, and painted wall Tel.: 808-293-8682 panels. Two cases, filled with endemic Hawaiian fos- Wonderful Worldwide Selection: Write for Ust not be similarly analyzed. We did note, however, that sils and seven species of endemic Hawaiian cowries, specimens from Kure Island at the extreme western end will periodicalfy be changed to show different parts of of the Hawaiian chain are larger and narrower than our the mollusk story. One future exhibit being prepared is the ecology of the opihi (PateUa species). Haleiwa shells. This exhibit is the product of joint efforts by John All rashleighana have spots on the base on the McLaughlin, designer preparator of the museum's de- columella side. The spots are numerous and their size is partment of exhibits; Dr. Dennis M. Devaney, chair- man of the department of zoology and head of the proportional to the length of the shell. They continue division of invertebrate zoology; and Dr. E. Alison about one third up the side. Kay, professor of general science and Associate Dean On the labial side, rashleighana spots sometimes are of the Graduate Division at the University of Hawaii, present in only one row. More often they are n~erous who is also honorary associate in malacology at Bishop When in Atlanta - Museum. and also continue one third the way up the side. In SEA ATLANTA A reception is planned for the exhibition, to be held LenoxSquare \,.. teres, spots are larger and fewer than in rashleighana in conjunction with the publication by Bishop Museum Atlanta. GA30326 for the same length shell, varying from one to eleven on Press of Dr. Kay's Hawaiian Marine Shells: Reef When in Kansas City and Shore Fauna of Hawaii: Section 4, . the labial side (2-6 is typical) and from none to fifteen SEA CROWN The volume contains more than 650 pages and several CrownCenter on the columella side (2-7 typical). Banding and dorsal hundred illustrations with eleven plates in full color. KansasCity, Missouri64108 patterns can be similar. Ruth Pratt The finest in sea shells Page6 HAW AllAN SHELL NEWS September,1979

ROBINS AFB - The place was Siesta Key, near MONTEREY, CA - That first shell! Only a tiger Sarasota, Aorida. At a vulnerable thirteen, I was vaca- cowry, but to a novice collector on his first night- tioning with my parents and a girlfriend. Mary Anne HMS members allover the world responded to the snorkeling experience on the reefs of Guam - what a was interested in hunting boys that night. Satisfied with invitation to write about "My First Shell, and What It find! Did to Me" (HSN April 1977). Picking the winner was this arrangement, we strolled off to cliff point. At this I still recall my veteran partner's warning as we a tough job. B\lt there was substantial agreement in the time I was under the impression shells were flowers on Publication Committee that Robert D. Gordon, of snorkeled out from the beach at Tumon Bay: "Watch top of stems which grew in the ocean. I was convinced Monterey, CA, deserved the first prize - his choice of out for stone fish, handle the cones carefully, and look the waves knocked the flowers off their stems. either a Cypraea semiplota Mighels or a C, mauiensis for tigers in the antler coral." Burgess. Engrossed in observing the marine life, I lost sight of Very close contenders were Helen Dyer of Rabaul, We waded over the algae-covered rocks, finding Papua New Guinea, and Cheryl T. Richardson of Ro- my partner before long. Not at all happy about being shells exposed in the sandy areas. I started picking them bins AFB, FL. They will receive consolation prizes. alone in the water at night. I frantically peered around "Actually, all the responses were good enough for up like flower petals, placing them in my pockets. Then for him. With relief, I saw his light only a few yards off. prizes," according to Associate Editor Elmer Leeh- I noticed the shells were MOVING. I screamed from man, whose fertile brain fathered the contest. "Can't Regaining my buddy and my composure, I found we sheer horror. My ocean flowers had hairy spiders in we recognize them all?" were skirting a large field of antler coral. Sufficiently Yes, we can. All will be printed in the next few them! I was positive my life was in danger. relaxed by then to observe the night life on the reef, it issues of HSN, and the authors will receive specimens of endemic Hawaiian shells as a modest reward was a moment before I realized what I was seeing. That Instantly I threw the shells out of my hand and S.L. thing was not a sea urchin and it wasn't coral. It was a emptiedthe moving creaturesout of my pockets, sav- shell! ing one which looked void of a sea monster. At that There it was, tucked away in the antler coral. A moment I slipped and scrapedmy leg. Bloody and The answer was in print. Harmless hermit crabs and Shell! A large shell, with its mantle partially extended! hurting, I hobbledback to the hotel. I kept askingMary mollusks occupied a shell named Strombus alatus A tiger! Anne what were those horrible, ugly, scary things Gmelin, 1791. I fairly walked atop the water in my eagerness to inside the shells. She had no idea. While I was holding and examining the one glorious show my prize to my buddy. shell I had saved from the adventure, I became aware of That tiger survived for several months in my aqua- Hours later my leg swelled. At the hospital, the a feeling entering the depths of my very soul. The rium. More than five years later, I still have the shell doctor grounded me. No further shelling. But what was beautiful Strombus was ca~ting a spell upon me. (and several thousand specimens of other species) but moving in the shells?? This question took over my Twenty-two years later the captivating aura of my first the thrill of discovery has never left. On that first night thought process. The next day I purchased my flTst shell shell has not vet worn off. on the reefs of Guam I was truly bitten by the shell bug. book. Chery Richardson Robert D. Gordon

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CABLE SHELLWORLD0 PHONE 534359, 5342560 TELEX 011 5498 SHELLS WE SPECIALIZE IN SPECIMEN SHELLS. WRITE FOR PRICE-LIST September.1979 HAWAIIAN SHELL NEWS Page7

By D. J. MacDONALD '-- KW AJALEIN - This isolated Central Pacific atoll has three distinct shelling areas: I. the ocean side of the east reef, the windward side of the atoll, inaccessible most of the year; 2. the lagoon, which includes the inner sides of both the east and west (leeward) reefs as well as the many patch reefs rising from the lagoon floor; 3. the ocean side of the west reef, accessible the year around. This last area is where most shells are found. Whether this is because of habitat preference or be- cause the west reef is shelled so much more frequently is a matter of conjecture. The list that follows includes all murex species found on K wajalein of which I can find reliable record. For convenience I have followed the nomenclature of Radwin & D'Attilio's Murex Shells of the World. artemis R & D'A, 1976. A single fresh-dead bright orange gem specimen was found in 1977 by HMS member Gail Nicolls, on top the west reef in twenty feet of water. It is the only one found so far and is a range extension. Chicoreus brunneus (Link, 1807). A common species, it is found mostly inside the lagoon in shallow water under coral slabs. Chicoreus microphyUus (Lamarck, 1816). An- other common species, this is found oceanside on the west reef and in the lagoon, twenty to sixty feet deep. ~ The figured specimen is pale yellow with pale pink fronds - a rare form. Chicoreus ramosus (Linne, 1758). Rare locally, specimens occasionally are found on the Japanese wrecks or on the lagoon side of the east reef below fifty feet. Chicoreus saulii (Sowerby, 1841). A scarce spe- cies, shells are found in fissures in the west reef, ocean- side, in forty to seventy feet of water, sharing the habitat of Cypraea aurantium. Young specimens are often covered by a thin layer of what I suspect is a periostracum. They are beautifully clean. This is a range extension. (Perry, 1811). An- other scarce species locally, shells occasionally are found oceanside on the west reef, in sand pockets and coral rubble, forty to seventy feet deep. Colored forms are sometimes found but the body whorl of adults is usually white. Marchio bipinnata (Reeve, 1845). Scarce, but found on lagoon patch reefs and oceanside on the west reef. The habitat is in coral rubble and under rocks, twenty to seventy feet deep. Marchia elongata (Lightfoot, 1786). Another scarce species found oceanside on the west reef, fifty to seventy feet deep, in rubble and sand pockets. Orange

'- 1. Murex trigonula, 53mm. 2. M. triquetra, 54mm. 3. M. laqueata, 34mm. 4. M. orri (?). 24mm. 5. M. martinetana, 32mm. 6. M. elongata, 49mm. 7. M. triptera, 45mm. Page8 HAWAIIAN SHELL NEWS September, 1979 and white specimens occur equally. One lavender specimen is known.

Marchia laqueata (Sowerby, 1841). I reported this very rare species as a range extension in HSN J August 1978, after identifying one in a friend's collec- tion. Since then I have found one live specimen and HMS member Susan Wood has picked up two dead shells. All were in the sandy bottom of the same surge channel, seeming to indicate an established local col- ony. Needless to say, we have been back many times, but have not yet found number four.

Marchia martinetana (Roding, 1798). The single known local specimen was found by HMS member Rich Nakagawa on a night dive on the ocean- side west reef. It was on a rock, in the open, forty feet deep. Another range extension.

Marchia triptera (Born, 1778). Found on the oceanside west reef, in sandy coral rubble thirty to sixty feet deep. The figured specimen is peach color. It was found by Susan Wood in a sandy surge channel fifty feet down, under a coral slab. The shell was empty, but the operculum remained.

Muricopsis species. I have tentatively identified this as Muricopsis orri Cernohorsky, 1976 and will appreciate a positive identification. This is an uncom- mon species, being found forty to seventy feet deep in coral rubble under boulders, on the oceanside of the west reef. If confirmed, this would be a range exten- sion. , Naquetia trigonula (Lamarck, 1816). Scarce, -J but sometimes found oceanside on the west reef, forty to seventy feet deep, in rubble and under coral boul- ders. Another range extension, I believe.

Naquetia triquetra (Born, 1778). Uncommon, this species shares the habitat of N. trigonula (above). N. triquetra and Chicoreus saulii are the only muricids I have found covered by what appears to be a perios- tracum. It is more noticeable in young matures of both species, but I recently found a very juvenile (15mm) triquetra with a pale yellow covering. Have other collectors noted the Sallie thing in live murex?

PhyUonotus laciniatus (Sowerby, 1841). The species is rare alive, but is often found crabbed and beach washed on the east reef, oceanside.

Phyllonotus species cf. P. eUiscrossi Fair, 1974. A single crabbed specimen was found by Gail Nicolls, crawling in her garden! The identification was not positive and the shell now has left Kwajalein.

PhyUocoma convolutum (Broderip, 1833). A rare shell here, it is found oceanside on the west reef, twenty to seventy feet down, in rubble under boulders. Its inclusion with the murex is often disputed. At any rate. it is a range extension. Murex are well camouflaged and I suspect that there -- are undiscovered species out here, especially on the oceanside of the east reef. Several of us are actively '...J searching for muricids, and since finding them often depends largely on training the eye to recognize the pattern, I hope to be able to report additional species 8. M. saulii, 79mm. 9. M. microphyllus, 73mm. 10. M. bipinnata, 26/36mm. II. M. om (?), 23/20mm.12 from Kwajalein. Phvllocoma convolutum. 17/29mm.13. M. anatomica. 45mm. September, 1979 HAW AllAN SHELL NEWS Page9

SHELLS FOR SALE By DIETER ROCKEL "- DARMST ADT - One of the most complex of the DREDGE FOR SHELLS conus species is Conus mozambicus Hwass in DOWN TO Bruguiere, 1792. It is due to the foresight of R. N. from Kilburn of South Africa that a transparency of this species even exists today. Even so, identification by the P.o. average collector remains difficult. Jerry Walls, in his recently published Cone SheDs, <:}1Zal de <:}1Zero:-~"terpri"~ uses the name C. guineensis Gmelin, 1791 for this 946 Ralph Avenue. B'"""lyn. New York 11236 USA Phnnp A~. r?,?\ AR,,-",,'" sheD. However, Dr. Alan J. Kohn who examined this ~~, Outstanding quality and personal service on taxon in 1966 came to the conclusion that C. guineen- ~ worldwide specimen sheDs. Rarities are our sis was a nomen dubium. He said he was unable to Mule' specialty. Free price list on request. "associate the diagnosis and characteristics of C. guineensis with any species of conus." Gmelin referred the species to pictures in the works ~-vJ ::~~~~:!~ of ArgenviUe and Chemnitz. Kohn noted the similarity ' 10 OAKHURST~.~AL~F~R~~ 93644 USA of these pictures to C. guinaicus Hwass, but did not ~ feel this could justify the establishment of a species World 'Wide and Rare .s7~.ll with certainty. I have carefuDy studied the figures of Argenville and Chemnitz and fully agree with Kohn. In~ Stock-All H. M. S. Shell GRADI Books NG- in SYSTFM- .Print -. These figures have similarities with other species (C. Unusual Terebra achates guinaicus aswell asC. mozambicus), but they lack the Two odd specimensof Terebra achates Weaver featuresnecessary to constitute a new species. 1960were collected by HMS memberRoger Schmeltz Full set of Shell & Book Catalogs (W. o. Cernohorskyin an analagouscase took the from three metersof water at Midway Island. Above $1.00 in any currency-Sent Air or view: "When the descriptionis pitifully short and the left is a normal specimen.The middle one is striped; First Class-Refundedfirst order. figure is unrecognizableand the types are not extant, Schmeltzthinks this wasdue to an injured mantle. The ---~SOURCE FOR RED SEA SPECIMEN thenthe speciesshould be treatedas a dubiousname. ") third is a blonde. All three were live collected at the Thus, my conclusion is that we should forget C. samespot. AND COMMERCIAL SHELLS guineensis and use C. mozambicus. Incidentally, is anyonecollecting shellsat Midway DOY PELED ~. Walls distinguishesbetween two subspecies,Conus since Schmeltz left? E.G.L. Hazalafim 6, Haifa, 34-739, Israel guineensis guineensis and C. g. informis. C. g. . . guineensis = C. mozambicus.But what aboutC. in- m.lautus Reeve.He stressedthat thiSname was given Buys, sells and exchangesshells. Price list on formis? only provisionaUyto the shell, sincethe holotypeofC. request. Again, I refer to Kohn, who acceptedC. informis lautus in the British Museum,a fadedbeach shell, is in Hwass provisionally as a valid species(1968). Three poor condition(Tomlin called ita miserablespecimen). PHILLIP W. CLOVER yearslater, R. N. Kilburn publishedhis "Revision of Nevertheless,since C. m. mozambicus and C. m. P. O. Box 83, Glen Ellen Calif. 95442 U.S.A. the littoral Conidae. . . of the Cape Province," after lautus are distinct and clear in shapeand geographical Dealer in World Wide Specimen careful examinationof the literatureand the materialin range,the establishmentof the subspeciesseems quite ~eashells, specializing in rare cypraea the South African museums.He recognizedC. infor- correct. conus, voluta & murex. Write for free lists. mis as the typical False Bay variation of C. mozam- I believe that Walls' figures of C. g. guineensis on 20 Years in Mail Orders.

bicus. page 352 representa typical C. m. mozambicus and - It seemssure that C. informis is a synonym of C. (lower left) a typical C. m. lautus. The threejuvenile TAG SHE L L S mozambicusand so is not availableas a speciesname. shellshe figurescould possiblybe subspeciesor Conus World Wide Specimen Shells Kilburn indicatedin the samearticle that there is in tinianus. From Cypraea annulus to aurantium, from facta subspeciesofC.mozambicus which he calledC. The variation of Conus mozambicuscalled C. in- Murex cornucervi to loebbeckei; and from Voluta References form,s. by HwassIS .. not figured In Walls' book. Marsh THEMvespertilio ALL. to perplicata. WE HA VE GOT or get Argenv.ille, Dez. ~e, 1772. Conchyliologie, ~ien. & Rippingale'sCone SheDsof the World (1964)has it Ask for your free price list NOW. Chemmtz, !oh. HI.er., 17~8. Neues Systematlsches on I te 18 No. II. P. O. Box 13, Hampton, Vic. 3188 - Australia Conchyhen-cabmet.Nurnberg. Zehenterund letz- p a , ter Band. Cernohorsky,W.O., 1978. "Conus splendidulus,C. luctificus and C. argillaceus." HSN May 1978p.4. Kilburn, R. N., 1971. "A revision of the littoral coni- dae (Mollusca: )of the CapeProvince." Ann. Natal. Mus. Vol. 21(1) pp. 37-54. Kohn, Alan J., 1966. "Type specimensand identity of the describedspecies of Conus.III." J. Linn. Soc. (Zool.), 46. No. 308, pp. 73-102. " " 1%8. "Type specimens. . . IV." J. Linn. (Zool.), 47,313, pp. 431-503. Marsh & Rippingale, 1964. Cone SheDs Of The ~ World, PI. 18. Tomlin, J. R. LeB., 1937. "Catalogue of recent and fossil cones." Proc. Malac. Soc. London, 22:205- 330. Walls, Jerry G., 1979.Cone SheDs.A Synopsisof the Livin2 Conidae. Page 10 HAW AllAN SHELL NEWS September, 1979

, ) '-"

Pterynotus pin niger

Cypraeaisabellamexicana 44.2mm All Photos: Alex Kerstitch

Sea of Cortez Yields Rare Mollusks (Cont'd from Page 1) Conus and several other uncommon species including tesselatus Born, 1778 at Isla Tortuga. I don't believe Niso splendidula, Murex humilis, Pterynotus pin- this Indo-Pacific species had previously been reported ninger, P. leeanus, Conus lucidus, C. poormani and this far up the Gulf. C. archon, plus several other small shells which have As I write this, I have just returned from another trip not yet been identified. to the central Gulf with several interesting species. But -..J The expedition ended with a most unexpected Cassis the outstanding find is the ultra-rare Typhisfimbriatus vibexmexicana (Stearns, 1894) at Isla San Pedro (A. Adams, 1854) which I accidentally discovered Nolasco, off Sonora. This is the second specimen I ~ong small rocks in twenty feet while collecting fish. have collected off this remote island in five years. M.ore Most important, this small shell was alive (and still is) important, it was a new northward extension for this which gave me the chanceto photographthe animal, species. perhaps for the fIrst time. I don't believe this Typhis Speakingof northernextension, I also found Conus had ever been collected in the Gulf before.

Cassistenuis 154mm

Conus bartschi approx. life size Typhusfimbriatus on coral

J September,1979 HAWAIIAN SHELL NEWS Page 11

SHELLS FOR SALE

LIHUE - Members of the lately rejuvenated Kauai \-' ~~ ~~eave.1 ..C/he//,!Jjfeah (Hawaii) Shell Club in January of this year found Specializingin WesternAustralian Shells several white dead nerites among the rubble on a beach Established1965 at Nawiliwili. After a number of false alarms, we Price list of 750 specimensavailable free by Sea Mail or send $US2 for airmail. finally identified them as Neritopsis radula Linne, A large selectionof West Australian shells both 1758. common and rare. - Dealers' orders welcome. 56 Wroxton St., Midland, WesternAus. 6056 The late Ted Dranga, writing in HSN March 1956, Shell Museum at this address. reported having found a dead adult specimen of this rare species in material dredged from Hilo harbor on the PHIL BELLIN Big Island of Hawaii, about 1914. About ten years later HouseNo 681, Kiyuna,Futenma, Okinawa, Japan Specializingin the rare cones, murex and pectensof he found a fresh fragment in subsequent dredging. Okinawaand the Philippines.Buy, sell or trade. The R. V. Pele dredged a number of dead specimens Excellentstock alwaysavailable. Price list on request. offWaikiki (HSN Feb. 1964). They were in 100 to 200 Shell slides U.S. 5Oceach. ""~"-"""-"""--- fathoms. The shell is white and nerite-shape and cov- South Australian Marine Specimens ered with beaded spiral ridges. The Pele report POBox 362, Blackwood, 5051, 8th Aust RECENT FINDS suggested a resemblance to Nerita exuva Linne. We specialise in specimen quality By LYMAN RIGA Southern Australian shells, I was impressed by its resemblance to the Van- Special orders undertaken for While collecting reef fish, Deane Gonzalez found a ikoridae. The smaller specimens especially resemble specimens and photographs. Conus omaria Hwass in Maunalua Bay, Honolulu. It Vanikora imbricata, but are easily separated by the Dealers orders welcome, Write for free pricd list. was in 45 feet of water. This is the second specimen of shape of the columella. Abbott describes it as a "col- C. omaria found here in the past ten years, I believe. It umella with a squarish embayment into which fits a was fresh dead when Deane got it. thick calcareous white operculum." The center third of In the same area, but in 130 feet of water, Stanley the columella looks broken. Takahashi recently got a very live nine-inch Tonna The Neritopsis is characterized by a calcare- melanostoma Jay, 1839. Could it be a world record? ous operculum and is limited to only two living species The Standard Catalog lists 21.87cm (about 8%ths - the rare Cuban N. atlantica Sarasua, 1973 and the inches) as the biggest. The shell was partly buried in uncommon Indo-Pacific N. radula. sand. Kira's Shells of the Western Pacific in Color has a '- * * * rather poor picture of the shell and the mistaken infor- They weren't exactly looking for shells at the time. mation that the operculum is similar to that of the but Dennis Okada and Walter Vinhasa came in from a Neritidae. Dance's paperback Seashells has the only recent dive off Diamond Head with a good story, at photo of the operculum I have been able to find. Cer- least. The two were members of the Hawaii team in nohorsky has a good figure in his Marine Shells of the the recent national spearfishing contest off Newport, Pacific Vol. 2, but the best I have found is Dr. Myra Would you like to own a shell from a famous Rhode Island, for which they were practicing. They Keen's in HSN May 1964. collection? We have many fine to gem common had an estimated 30 pounds offish on their string when species still available from Crawford Cate or In the three months that followed our original dis- they encountered a "huge" shark. It took not only their Marguerite Stix Collections. No catalogues! covery, our club members have found more than 100 fish but, on the second or third pass at them, it got part Send us $10 and your preferred species. De- whole or mostly whole specimens, plus pieces of an pending on availability we will send you a pack- of their "boogie board" (a modified surfboard used by age containing from one to five specimens - additional 170. All were dead, apparently dredged spear fishermen to rest between dives). It all happened first requests get original Cate or Stix data slips from the harbor floor in the construction of a new in about 40 feet of water. - later get xerox copies. Satisfaction Guaran- small-boat landing. teed. ~, But we find occasional fresh-looking specimens, PERSONAL AD either crabbed or newly washed ashore. To date we \ have found no operculum, although we have looked at "'' WANTED - Sally Kaicher card pack No.1. Will 22762 Pacific Coast Highway hundreds on the beach. All are turbos, which are plenti- Malibu, California 90265 purchaseor trade shell. M. A. Snyder, 745 Newton Phone 213 / 456-2551 Road, Villanova, PA 19085. ful in the same gravelly material. Our largest specimen measures 28.3mm at its greatest diameter. The smallest is 5.6mm.

Has anyone ever found a live specimen, in Hawaii or elsewhere in its supposed range? Is this a fossil species only? Or are we not looking in the right spot? Judging by the quantity of empty shells and the fresh appearance of some of them , we believe thatNeritopsis radula Linne is a living Hawaiian species. ~ Incidentally, while looking for N. radula' we have collected sixteen Distorsio pusilla (Pease, 1861) and 36 Favartia garretti (Pease, 1868). All were dead, unfortunately. W. R. Haas Page 12 HAWAIIAN SHELL NEWS September.1979

IT'S A SIV AL VE

Many mistakesin classification have been madeby AND A MOLLUSK, TOO extremely competent zoologists using fragmentary or Bivalved gastropods are excessively scarce. The shelly material alone. Serpulid polychaete worms have name is almost a contradiction of tenos. Yet they do been confused frequently with wonnlike vermetid exist and one family. the Juliidae. has been in the news gastropods. even with scaphopods. and now barnacle recently. valves have been confused with mytilids. Although the family was known from single dead It is easy to distinguish these groups using the soft valves for nearly a century. the first living specimens parts of the animals but, lacking these parts, confusion were not found until about 20 years ago by Shiro with another zoological category may result. Yamaguti at Tamano. in western Japan. A Western Atlantic species. Benheli"iIJ caribbea. was found in Specimens that were compatible with the description Jamaica and described by Edmonds in 1962. Subse- and figure of Stenolena hawaiiensis Dall, Bartsch and Rehder. 1938 were dredged from 60 to 100 meters off the islands of Oahu and Hawaii from the R. V. Jan- thina Vii. Our proposed identification was confirmed by Dr. Joseph Rosewater, Curator of Mollusks, U.S. National Museum of Natural History of the Smithso- nian Institution. Washington, D.C. He compared them to the type specimen of Stenolena hawaiiensis. The shells, however, did not appear to be mollusks and in time they were identified by B. L. Burch as valves of the stalked barnacle, Trilasmis (T,) ebur- neum Hinds. This was confirmed by Dr. Dennis De- vaney. Curator of Invenebrates at the Bishop Museum, Honolulu, who generously made preserved specimens of the barnacle and its host available for photography. This barnacle frequently occurs on the long spines of some offshore sea urchins. The spines may be fes- tooned by varying sizes of this barnacle. The host sea-urchins. Prionocidoris hawaiiensis (A. Agassiz BertheliniD caribbea Photo: Moort' and H. L. Clark) and Acanthocidaris hastigero A. Agassiz and H. L. Clark. live on sand and coral rubble quently, specimens were recovered - usually by at the same depths as the barnacle valves found in the dredging - from Puerto Rico, Atollas Rocas, Brazil, sediments. and Toro Point, Panama Canal Zone. But the search for We wish to thank those curators for their time and specimens in the Continental United States was use of their facilities in this study. unsuccessful for many years. Beatrice and Thomas A. Burch The Juliidae has had a rather complex and confusing history. A. A. Gould in 1862 described a small bivalve I. Slenolena hawa;;ens;s DB &. R. type dredged off Molokai in 70 to 90 fathoms. 2X actual size. 2. Trilasm;s from Hawaii, which he narned j"liD exqKisita and eburneum Hinds. trapped off La;e. Oahu by George Donner. Approx. actual size. 3. T. rbumrum on a sea urchin placed in the PelecYpoda. Soon afterward, Crosse spine. Approx. 2X. No. J courtesy USNM; 2 and 3 from Bishop Museum. placed a single-valve specimen under Gastropoda. Other workers contributed to the confusion. W. H. Dall discovered a fossil specimen in 1898 which he named j"liD floridana, following Gould's lead, and he established Juliidae as the family name. But he apparently still did not recognize it 8...a gas- tropod. Not until Yamaguti's 1959 discovery of liv- ing specimens was the question: gastropod or bivalve? answered. And now B. caribbea has been found in the United States. Writing in The Nautilus Vol. 93 (2-3), Donald R. Moore of the University of Miami reports that eight live specimens were collected in the Florida Keys by Mabel Fentress Miller of Miami. They were found in scrapings from a seawall. "This is the first living species of the Juliidae to be reported from Florida," Moore observed. "B, caribbea is now known from the Florida Keys, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Panama and Brazil. It appears to have planktonic larvae and should be found at many more localities in the Tropical Atlantic." S.L.