cont.

soft by occupied is Ranges Trezona Pound. Wilpena not and Sandstone Bonney the PIRSA. Quartzite overlying red Bonney Sandstone. Bonney red overlying Quartzite (Photo 042165) (Photo

overlies Bonney Sandstone. Sandstone. Bonney overlies (Photo 042164) (Photo

Formation, Hill Tapley the of siltstone

Gorge Geological Trail is available from from available is Trail Geological Gorge

Northern rim of from Bunyeroo Valley lookout, showing light coloured Rawnsley Rawnsley coloured light showing lookout, Valley Bunyeroo from Pound Wilpena of rim Northern Rawnsley Bluff at the southern end of Wilpena Pound. Cliff-forming Rawnsley Quartzite Quartzite Rawnsley Cliff-forming Pound. Wilpena of end southern the at Bluff Rawnsley

overlies therefore area this in and ABC the between country of stunning the and Valley Barossa

grey on located lookout, This

A more detailed brochure on the Brachina Brachina the on brochure detailed more A

Limestone Wilkawillina The down. band broad The Creek. Etina in the – destinations tourist acclaimed

Limestones. Wirrealpa Hucks Lookout Lookout Hucks

laid were limestones Cambrian the exposed is glaciation, of period a internationally and forests state

and Wilkawillina the in shells and

before erosion by removed were

during deposited Formation, Elatina parks, national includes It towns.

skeletons with animals first • the

east the in layers top the of most

the of Tillite Earth. on life early of historic and farmland rich as well as Formation.

Quartzite

deposited, were sands Rawnsley

evidence provide Creek Enorama vineyards, and forests pine gorges, Trezona the of limestone grey and

Rawnsley the in animals, bodied

the After Quartzite. Rawnsley little

in exposed stromatolites shaped Formation Elatina the of sandstone rugged bushland, native areas,

soft- known oldest the amongst

contain ranges eastern the ranges,

reddish Formation, Nuccaleena the dome- where shale) and limestone coastal traversing landscapes,

Fauna, Ediacara the of • fossils

the of part western the Unlike

of dolomite pink thin including rocks Formation (Trezona Range Trezona breathtaking and diverse most

ago years

sedimentary older progressively

the through passes walk the end, ’s South of some

million 600 impact meteorite a of

archaeocyatha. coral-like

through passes road the km, 10 other the At folds. and joints marks, through passes Trail Heysen The Formation Bunyeroo the in • evidence

the of fossils of examples excellent

next the For west). the to dips which

ripple sediment, of layers shows

Formation (1500 km) (1500

containing Limestone Wilkawillina

Quartzite Range (ABC Range ABC which Quartzite) Range (ABC Range

Elatina the in age ice an of • evidence

Heysen Trail Heysen

of outcrops the is section gorge

the in gap a through passes road ABC the through passes walk the

Earth on life earliest

the of highlight A Limestone.

the off, turn Chalet Wilpena the after

end, Valley Aroona the At km. 15.4

the of some representing Formation, alluvium. recent with mainly

Wilkawillina and Sandstone

km 0.5 About km. 10 for Formation

of walk one-way a of end either

• Trezona the in stromatolites filled is Pound the of part central

Bonney Formation, Wonoka the of

Bunyeroo the of shale red follows

at km 8 about of loops two from:

including: interest the homestead, old the of ruin the

siltstone and limestone includes off, turn Gorge Brachina the After

Formation. road the park, the entering On

choose to walks three are There

of features interpret way the along After Quartzite. Rawnsley white

graben the within sequence

Formation. Etina the of limestone

Etina the within limestone of bed

Stops Gorge. Brachina of geology

overlying and Sandstone Bonney red

Formation.

The graben. the of faults by

of outcrops craggy and Member

(15 km one-way) km (15 Youngoona

horizontal resistant a of cliff-edge

Formation. Wonoka coloured light

the on information general provide

the traverses Gap Pound via Chalet

valley. the of walls southern

Bunyeroo the of shale purplish

bounded rocks sedimentary the

Dolomite Wockerawirra the of

and Aroona to to Aroona and loop) km (8.2

eroded the is feature this park, overlies which Sandstone Bonney

drive the of end either at Shelters

the from trail The Park). National

the forms Quartzite Range ABC the

traversing north, turns and Range ABC crossing before Quartzite Range

dolomite flaggy include These km. 7

, Trezona Trezona , loop) km (8 Yuluna

the of north km 7 some Located red of formed are slopes the cliffs,

the of (outside Valley Moralana

while Formation, Wonoka the of hills ABC and siltstone Formation the through Creek Bunyeroo follows

next the for younger progressively

the Below structure. synclinal the Haywards Huts Huts Haywards

Limestone. Great Wall of China China of Wall Great

in Gap Black or Chalet Wilpena

treeless spectacular the are north Brachina in begins walk The then road The Sandstone. Bonney

become and northwest gently dip

of rim the of peaks high the forms

Wirrealpa to Shale Enorama from

at either started be can which

the To shale. Formation Bunyeroo of

red by underlain Quartzite Rawnsley which strata through descends

section. in seen be can sediments

Quartzite Rawnsley White Pound.

sequence the including west, the

diapir. the by shale.

Pound Wilpena across walk This

valley broad a along eastward turns

white of composed is pound the of road the Station, Oraparinna After its above, from that, so end its to

Wilpena of end southern the of view

to younger progressively become

up rafted basalt older much overlies Formation Bunyeroo reddish and

road the Gorge, Wilkawillina to off

rim the elsewhere, As Pound. Wilpena

on tipped be to graben the caused Formation. Hill Tapley dipping

(18.8 km return) km (18.8

excellent an provides lookout This

and fold domal large a of remnant

Formation Etina the of dolomite

Quartzite) Range (ABC Range ABC

turn the past km 2 About horizon. towards Creek Bunyeroo of valley ago years million 500 about shallow- mainly of outcrop subdued

Bridle Gap Bridle

western the are They deposited. were

Here boundary. park the of north

the traverses walk The formation.

(Just south of the park boundary) boundary) park the of south (Just eastern the on seen be can Range

geosyncline the in sediments the of the along views southerly sweeping passes road the km, 12 next the For

time the at prevalent conditions they

km 1 about east, the to m 500 ridge

this of origin shallow-water the of

Mine Loves the in Caernarvon Mount Folding sediment. with filling was it

provides and Formation Brachina the Rawnsley Bluff Lookout Lookout Bluff Rawnsley

horizon. the to stretching ranges

climatic and events geological the of low a on exposed poorly is which

indicative surfaces ripple-marked

as Geosyncline the within kilometres. few next the for roadside

of siltstone on located is lookout This north. the to Diapir Oraparinna

of rows north, the to and, south

Diapir Enorama the to point closest

record unique a provide rocks These

display which sandstone and

developed depression) bounded

the along occurs basalt bouldery and

and southwest the to Pound Wilpena

Bunyeroo Valley Lookout Lookout Valley Bunyeroo

the to Pound Wilpena of basin

moisture. of action the through the at also is area this in road The

age. this for world the in records

siltstone Formation Brachina on

(fault- graben a Gorge, Wilkawillina rocks sedimentary of rafts containing

towards views provides Formation,

the of views provides Quartzite,

sandstone of fretting by formed was

sedimentary complete most the of

commences Valley Bunyeroo the of

At (anticline). fold domal broad a breccia diapiric of Outcrop Diapir.

Hill Tapley on also lookout, This

Rawnsley of composed peak, This

art rock Aboriginal containing cave

one exhibits and years, million 520 Lookout. Valley Bunyeroo Formation. Trezona hills rolling through walk loop This of side other the on is it as (east) Oraparinna the of rocks distorted and

Stokes Hill Lookout Lookout Hill Stokes

A Pound. Wilpena of erosion the

to million 650 from age in range Loop route (21.5 km return) km (21.5 route Loop the of siltstone and limestone of reaching until rocks younger traverses direction opposite the in dips broken and Formation Hill Tapley (9.2 km return) km (9.2

during shed sandstone of boulder

beds alternating of comprised sequence the but Gorge Brachina which Geosyncline Adelaide the of road the Hut, Yanyanna After km. 13

return) km (14.6 route Direct

the between contact faulted a is off

Creeks

fallen large a is Rock

along exposed those to similar Range Trezona distinctive the is Quartzite.

rocks through cuts route The history. of distance a for Formation Trezona

St Mary Peak Mary St turn the after km 5 About siltstone.

Bunyeroo and Wilcolo Wilcolo and Bunyeroo

are walk this along rocks The road the of side western the along Rawnsley to Formation Hill Tapley Rock Arkaroo

Earth in landmarks famous contains the of limestone and shale on country

Formation Hill Tapley of composed

hills. rolling reached; is park the of boundary from succession geological dipping

Road, Hawker- the on off open through passes road the off,

Road hills rolling subdued crosses

(11.4 km one-way) km (11.4

low, of landscape a to rise gives ranges. western northern the until km 10 about for west- complete the and Pound

turn the at starts which drive, This turn Valley Bunyeroo the leaving On

road the Road, Hawker-Blinman

Wilkawillina Gorge Wilkawillina

Hawker to Blinman Blinman to Hawker

which siltstone Formation Brachina the in as Quartzite Rawnsley the

traversed is Shale Enorama green Wilpena of views excellent provides

(18 km one-way) km (18 (27 km one-way) km (27 the on off turn the leaving After

Bunyeroo Valley Bunyeroo Road Gorge Wilkawillina Gorge Brachina

Drives Hikes Hikes

vast away carried rivers Large rose. Gorge (x 0.7). (x Gorge (Photo 042162) (Photo 038766) structures, cabbage-shaped domes, animals.

Formation Creek Billy the of silt and

Limestone, Brachina Gorge (x 0.6). 0.6). (x Gorge Brachina Limestone, (photo (photo

Member, Rawnsley Quartzite, Brachina Brachina Quartzite, Rawnsley Member,

(Courtesy of Jim Gehling; photo 408458) photo Gehling; Jim of (Courtesy

they as mountains the reduce to

laminations, wavy of form the take frond-like of bulbs) (or devices

sand red shallow-water of deposition

Ranges Flinders the in

Archaeocyaths in the Wilkawillina Wilkawillina the in Archaeocyaths Shale. Oraparinna the from Trilobite

in the Ediacara Ediacara the in costata Dickinsonia

represented scale time Geological began immediately erosion and destinations. holiday treasured

may stromatolites environment, anchoring buried be to likely more are the allowing restricted, very become

Weathering born. were Ranges most our of one ranges, the of local the of effects shaping the on forms circular the of most However, had basin The deposited. were

ARCHAEAN

2500 Flinders ancestral the activity, beauty unique the enhance only

and mats the in micro-organisms of jellyfish. free-floating of be to thought sand and silt coarse sediment, with

PALAEOPROTEROZOIC

Siderian

mountain-building this of result a As can understanding This rocks. the fill to began again basin the As types the on Depending stromatolites. recently until impressions circular

in preserved clues the of observer concretions. in preserved trilobites, as known structures laminated the by dominated are They evolution.

Rhyacian

keen the to available is history Earth diapirs. first the includes Shale Oraparinna up built they grew, mats the as animal early of glimpse useful first

of period long this of evidence The the of levels deeper the of view a green overlying The time. last and, layers limy thin formed This our offer they Fauna, Ediacara the as

Orosirian

eye. the meets first than ranges providing domes, the through cut the for sea extensive an forming precipitate. to carbonate calcium collectively Known beds. quartzite

the to more is there see can you As has erosion Later rocks. overlying the Statherian flooded, again basin the as deposited allowed which photosynthesis, to due on impressions as preserved are

1600

into higher injected and mobilised, was Formation Mernmerna the of chemistry, water in changes caused and bodied soft were animals These

MESOPROTEROZOIC

Calymmian

and compressed further was material limestone organic-rich grey, dark The down-stream. carried be may trees, and water the in suspended particles

diapiric salt-bearing The folds. up-rooted as well as boulders, and sedimentary fine trapped filaments Quartzite. Rawnsley the in abundant

Ectasian dome-shaped large of cores the gravel sand, of quantities large when silt. iron-rich with microscopic intertwined their by become but Formation, Wonoka

became diapirs the folding, During events flood occasional to limited filled sinkholes many with terrain formed Mats seafloor. shallow the on the in appear first fossils Animal

are processes sedimentary today, karst a forming reefs, the t exposure

flourished algae) blue-green as known Stenian The Ediacara Fauna Fauna Ediacara The

climate drier a with but, ranges sedimentation. during caused level sea in drop a Later,

(formerly Cyanobacteria Formation.

1000

Formation. Formation. (photo 042163) (photo

(photo 038763) (photo

the shape to continue processes active been had that faults activated

Trezona e.g. units,

limestone NEOPROTEROZOIC

Tonian

, an Ediacara fossil (x 0.4). (x fossil Ediacara an , Mawsonites Worm burrows in the Parachilna Parachilna the in burrows Worm

dynamic These ridges. sandstone the

re- and weakness of zones along some in activity their of evidence

(Photo 042161) (Photo

Limestone on the ridge. ridge. the on Limestone (photo 042160) (photo Formation. Trezona the in Stromatolites in faults small and joints exploited formed fractures and faults large abundant is there however, park, the

Cryogenian

Quartzite and darker Wilkawillina Wilkawillina darker and Quartzite

which rivers by through cut were buckling, During BB’). (cross-section in intact preserved are organisms

Sandstone overlain by lighter Rawnsley Rawnsley lighter by overlain Sandstone

Gorges Bunyeroo and Brachina anticline tighter a forms map the micro- ancient the of fossils No

Wilkawillina Gorge. Reddish Bonney Bonney Reddish Gorge. Wilkawillina

III Neoproterozoic

spectacular The ridges. and peaks of corner southwestern the in area

545

as remained quartzite as such Burns Mount the and syncline gentle

Cambrian Era.

490

rocks hard while valleys, form to a forms Pound Wilpena A’). A section Neoproterozoic the in late time some

Ordovician

434

readily eroded were units mudstone (cross- core central this of west and

at evolve to able was life animal where

Silurian

410

Soft Gorge. Brachina to entrance east directions opposite in

PALAEOZOIC tilted point a to atmosphere the of content

Devonian

354 the at as such valleys in occurred strata and centre the in rocks oldest

oxygen the up building gradually for

evolution. of history the in

diversity Carboniferous

sedimentation lacustrine and Fluvial the with anticline, eroded deeply

Dinantian Mississippian responsible were photosynthetic,

of explosion dramatic most the

broad, a occupies park The rocks.

being these, of Some sea. the

representing Cambrian, the in early

sedimentary the of upthrusting today. process continuing

in lived organisms microscopic Silesian Pennsylvanian

appeared all groups animal These

and buckling caused basin the of a is this that indicate tremors earth

single-celled, largely primitive, 298

shales. and limestones Cambrian

Permian

side either on masses land stable small persistent and steadily, rising

Only life. animal of evidence no

251

the in found be also can trilobites,

Triassic

ancient the of movement Convergent Sandstone. Bonney the

been have Ranges Flinders the years,

contain rocks sedimentary older The

205 MESOZOIC

extinct the and (Iamp-shells),

Jurassic

and compacted been cemented. over directly lies limestone the and million 50 last the During uplift.

Stromatolites Stromatolites

141

brachiopods shells, cockle-like and

Cretaceous

had sediments accumulated the missing, is Formation Parachilna the renewed caused then Antarctica

65

snails sea small including Molluscs,

now By ago. years million 500 Palaeogene forms. enigmatic completely Gorge, Wilkawillina In Limestone. from Australia of break-up the

Tertiary to

23

Period. Cambrian the in later out Cambrian. Early the by evolved

Formation. Trezona the life. of evolution about began crust Earth’s the within some and urchins, sea of ancestors Wilkawillina the of parts in preserved

related movements Earth CAINOZOIC landscape.

Neogene died which and sponges, to related have must predators that indicates

in seen be can types columnar broadly the in stage distinct a represents Each heating and movements major affinities, arthropod of cavity) (body beautifully are These archaeocyaths. undulating gently low, a to reduced

feeders filter probably were which burrows in shelter sought they that 1.6

and dome-shaped laminated, wavy fossils. shelly and fossils trace Fauna,

when ceased finally Sedimentation coelome a with animals worms, called extinct, now animals, related ranges ancestral been probably had

Quaternary

archaeocyaths, cup-shaped the fact The cavity. body fluid-filled

the of Examples fingers. and columns Ediacara the stromatolites, park: the primitive are beds of undersides the sponge- by but corals, by not the ago, years million 100 about

ago years

include These skeletons. hard rigid, a had worms burrowing the Period Era

branching slender, or columns, broad in present are fossils of groups Four on impressions as preserved Also built were these but Cambrian, of Millions By Australia. eastern in basins Limestone. Wirrealpa the

with animals of fossils first the that indicate Formation Parachilna

seafloor. the to attached were which the during waters warm shallow sedimentary developing the feed by represented interval marine brief

contain limestones Cambrian The the in burrows U-shaped The

Fossils Fossils to thickness, in kilometres several polyps tentacle-bearing possibly a by interrupted was deposition this in grew Reef Barrier Great the to

Cambrian shelly fossils fossils shelly Cambrian fossils trace Cambrian totalling rock eroded of amounts However, Group. Frome and soft, represent may discs Other example, for similar, reefs first The

a only debris, rock of layer unique the as known structures large two in weakness of zones along Faulting

formation. along zones of crustal weakness. crustal of zones along

sediments. 044287)

again, rose then level Sea

Range. Range. (Courtesy of Bernd Stoecker; photo photo Stoecker; Bernd of (Courtesy a formation, this Within water. Volcanoes and lava flows formed formed flows lava and Volcanoes unstable. became material bearing in only Found ranges. the of origins breached the seafloor and detritus was shed into flanking flanking into shed was detritus and seafloor the breached this in found are life, animal marine

limestone. pebbly and oolitic Wilpena Pound, looking towards Chace Chace towards looking Pound, Wilpena

basin that was invaded by the sea. sea. the by invaded was that basin in overlying sediments. As the diapir continued to rise, it it rise, to continued diapir the As sediments. overlying in

quiet deep, in deposited was salt- the deposition, continuing with earliest the to clues provide Group,

of evidence good first the worms,

Ripple marks in the Rawnsley Quartzite, Quartzite, Rawnsley the in marks Ripple crust, forming an extensive low-lying low-lying extensive an forming crust,

dense Callanna Group rocks intruded zones of weakness weakness of zones intruded rocks Group Callanna dense

with filled and Formation Hill

Formation Bunyeroo the of shale thickened sediments denser of pile Callanna the Park, National Ranges small of trails Grazing shallow. to

stretched and thinned the Earth’s Earth’s the thinned and stretched Development of the Oraparinna Diapir. Initially, less less Initially, Diapir. Oraparinna the of Development

Tapley underlying the into cut

red monotonous The basin. the of overlying the As types. rock other Flinders the in seen rocks oldest The began again basin the as deposited 203996-002 Adelaide Geosyncline. Tectonic forces forces Tectonic Geosyncline. Adelaide

were Channels sandstone.

Pualco Tillite Pualco

Initial stages in development of the the of development in stages Initial flooding marine major another was than ductile more and lighter is Salt sandstone and limestone into

Holowilena Ironstone, Holowilena

coarse-grained thin, a by

there interval, erosional brief a After Group. Callanna the in beds salt of Callanna Group Callanna Wilyerpa Formation, Wilyerpa upwards passes Formation Wonoka

( ages.

(

( ( 800 million years ago years million 800

marked and level sea in

drop ( (

( ( the of shale green Deep-water sea. Burra Group Burra Tapley Hill Formation Hill Tapley presence original the to due be to

ice major two including

( ( ( climate,

( ( (

( ( (

a from resulting boundary, (

( ( (

(

the by flooded quickly was canyons, thought is structures these of origin ( ( ( out. dried and exposed occasionally

in changes and sea the of

( retreats

( ( ( Lincoln (

203996-001 ( ( ( ( (

erosional an is base its

but ( ( (

ADELAIDE

( ( Port (

the including basin, The Formation. ( The time. this at active became first were layers clay thin that indicate (

and advances repeated record

( ( They

( (

siltstone, and

sandstone ( (

( (

Wonoka the of base the marking Diapirs Enorama and Oraparinna The ( (

mudcracks and currents, tidal by

thick. metres of hundreds to

( ( up

( ( (

( (

fine-grained of consists

also ( (

( ( ( ( dolomite yellow banded thick, (

( (

formed were marks ripple and ( ( each are formations, termed ( layers,

( ( ( ( (

( ( (

Ranges Flinders central the (

( ( ( (

(

one-metre a of deposition slow

very ( (

Cross-bedding Quartzite. Range

Geosyncline. (

rock These supply. sediment ( ( and

(

( ( (

of Formation Sunderland

The (

( (

of period a by recorded is

event ( ( ABC the up making sand beach ( Adelaide the throughout deposited environment of conditions

( ( ( different

( (

( ( ( (

remarkable this and stable

more ( ( ( burrows. worm U-shaped (

of deposition the in culminating

were Formation Hill Tapley the of (

under deposited each

(( ( ( rocks,

( ( ( sediment.

with ( (

Augusta (

crust. was however, area, park The

( ( ( and vertical long, with siltstone (

basin, the of shallowing overall

muds organic-rich black, which during

sedimentary mainly of types

( ( different

Port (

fill to began it as basin

the ( (

the of stretching renewed by

caused ( and sandstone clayey white,

of (

records turn in Formation Brachina followed, sea the of deepening rapid A

of consist layers The surface.

Detritus

of shallowing gradual record LATER STAGE LATER

Seafloor

deep, kilometre a to up canyons

consisting Formation, Parachilna

overlying the of sandstone grained Earth’s the at accessible hence and

Diapir

Broken Hill Broken

Caernarvon Mount of beds

of scouring the by Ranges Flinders

the is unit rock Cambrian first the

fine- and siltstone thick The shoreline. ancient an along ice eroded, and tilted now layers, rock

sandstone grey-green grained,

northern and southern the in

shells area park the In evolved.

climates. warmer to return a with melting by freed sand from currents of succession a in represented is

Chalet fine- The diapirs. the of

punctuated was it again, basin the hard with animals first the when

basin the flooded again sea the Wilpena storm by off-shore deposited was

history This time. through journey

margins the around Formation

fill to able was sedimentation Before Period, Cambrian the of beginning

as deposited then was Formation,

Range, Mine Loves the near example long a on us taking book, a like read

Hill Tapley the in example, for

Arkaroola

the at flooded again was basin

Nuccaleena the dolomite, pink photo 044285) photo for Formation, Wilyerpa the of top the

be can gorges gum-lined colourful,

seen, as layers conglomerate

the erosion, terrestrial of period a Brachina Gorge. Gorge. Brachina

(Courtesy of Bernd Stoecker; Stoecker; Bernd of (Courtesy

yellow-weathering prominent A at sandstone ridge-forming Prominent

and ranges rugged the in displayed

lenticular forming time, the

underlying red Bonney Sandstone, Sandstone, Bonney red underlying

After completely. withdrew sea the

Marree

icebergs. melting from dropped

Sea rocks the observations, careful With

Quartzite (weathering orange) and and orange) (weathering Quartzite of sediments marine the INITIAL STAGE INITIAL

NSW

ago, years million 540 about Era

ice. by carried while other each pebbles and cobbles occasional with

Contact between the white Rawnsley Rawnsley white the between Contact history. Earth of record magnificent

into currents by reworked

Neoproterozoic the of end the At

against grinding rocks by grooved

warming, gradual records Formation

a present Ranges Flinders The

was material This islands.

QLD

or striated many pebbles, derived Wilyerpa overlying the of Siltstone

uplifted small on or seafloor the on out

Fauna).

SA

glacially containing Formation, glaciation. this during deposited were continents. present

spilled breccia diapiric and surface, Ediacara (see life animal marine

Elatina the of tiIIite local and

Ironstone Holowilena ridge-forming the formed that break-up ago) years

the to through broke periodically Shale. Enorama complex of evidence abundant

sandstone pebbly the by recorded

red, dark the and Tillite Pualco the

million 100 (about later much the diapir the Later, rose. material overlying the does as episodes, first the contains which sandstone

is Glaciation topography. karst a park, the In tiIIite. called rock a forms

to similar landmasses, continental salt-bearing the as upwards domed marine deeper quieter, record shales bedded thinly and siltstone of unit a crust. the in fractures deep along

producing water, rain by dissolution this hardened and compacted when

large very of break-up of time a were beds overlying the first, At silty green, Interbedded diapir. the is base the to Close environments. rose rock molten as activity volcanic

to subject was Formation Trezona boulders; and pebbles sand, mud, of

also was It organisms. microscopic to adjacent Formation Etina the in fluvial possibly and marine shallow from derived were sediments these

underlying the of Limestone

mixture a typically is sediment derived

by only populated were oceans the lenses conglomerate form to rocks Group. Callanna the in deposited was too It area. park in recorded falls ash and flows Lava Island. Kangaroo to Oodnadatta near

period. glacial another of onset glacially Such melted. glaciers the

Group Callanna of fragments shedding and animals, and plants of devoid from rock, volcanic of blocks as well the of ranges and bluffs highest the beds. of under-surfaces the on found from stretched Geosyncline, Adelaide

the with fell level sea time, this At as released later was and ice the in

time, this at active again was Diapir as rocks, sedimentary of fragments was land The environments. surface forms Quartzite Rawnsley white The commonly are crystals salt of Casts the as known basin, This depression.

incorporated became that debris rock Oraparinna The environments. of breccia a forming beds, the and crust its in changes major . saline and lagoons coastal resulting the fill to started sea the

up picking landscape, the in valleys Stromatolites). (see stromatolites current-influenced and wave energy disrupted and up dragged movement time. this at Peninsula undergoing was Earth the when environments. sedimentary extensive an seas, restricted shallow, in deposited as basin

deep scoured glaciers The continents. up built which cyanobacteria of high- indicate scours trough-shaped This overburden. thick of weight Eyre northern on Acraman Lake tidal and deltaic shallow record Era, Neoproterozoic the during ago forming thinned, and apart pulled originally beds sedimentary

other and Australia of much covered growth the for ideal environments, Large, accumulated. Formation the under Group Callanna the of of position present the struck cross-bedding and pebbles years million 800 than more began was crust Earth’s the ago, years disrupted and broken are rocks these

sheets ice and glaciers when age, lagoonal and influenced Etina the of limestone gritty to sandy sediments dense less the of movement that meteorite large a of impact mud mudcracks, marks, Ripple million 800 about time, this At Diapirs, Enorama and Oraparinna Ranges Flinders the of story The

ice major a to led cooling climatic tidally near-shore, to return a marine, shallow up, filled basin the as upward initiated that trigger the the from fall-out the represent to Sandstone. Bonney red the into

up passes Formation Wonoka The thought is thick, centimetres few marks Formation Trezona The but, sediments grained finer depositing severe ago, years million 700 About been have may crust underlying the Geological history of the Flinders the of history Geological

To Parachilna Gorge To Blinman cont. via Heysen Trail 13 km Walk safely Great Wall of China The southern section, from Cape Jervis to Spalding in the Mid North, follows the Aroona Ruins/ Be prepared when bushwalking: Cultural Heritage Site Dedman's Hut Mount Lofty Ranges and is ideal for beginners and those with children. • Wear sturdy shoes, hat and The northern section, from Spalding to Parachilna Gorge, is isolated and at times sunscreen. Geology of the rugged, providing a rewarding challenge for experienced walkers. Red Hill • Carry sufficient food and Lookout drinking water — allow 4 litres of water per person per The trail has been designed to cater for both the serious backpacker walking the Wilkawillina Gorge day. Do not rely on tanks or complete length, and for the day walker who might choose to do short walks along creeks in the park for drinking different sections.For futher information see and . To Leigh Creek 100 km • Keep to the defined walking. Brachina Youngoona East e riv D

trail. Teamsters

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Perawurtina Trail Time * Distance Trail Notes Classification Slippery To • Inform a responsible person Cultural Dip Heritage Site 160 km Cambrian National Park Brachina of your proposed route and Wilkawillina Gorge Hike 6 hours 11.4 km Habitat of yellow-footed Hard Dingley Dell Gorge Elatina expected time of return. one-way one-way rock wallaby; unique Hut Oraparinna • Weather conditions can geological features. Acraman Campground rack T

Marree change quickly; ensure you Bridle Gap Hike 6 hours 18.8 The Wilpena Pound Hard

To Innamincka

have appropriate wet weather return return is filled mainly with

recent alluvium; observe clothing. Yanyanna Hut

i wildlife through the eleck Strz Lyndhurst Pound. Bunyeroo Bunyeroo Valley Gammon Ranges Gorge Appealinna Ruin Copley Bunyeroo and Wilcolo 5 hours 9.2 km Native pine groves along Moderate Lookouts Cultural Heritage Site Leigh National Park Lake Creek Lake HIKE – Moderate Creeks Hike return return hilltops; cool, gum-lined Frome Regional creeks. Reserve • some moderate inclines Bunyeroo Valley Hucks Torrens Yuluna Hike 4 hours 8 km loop This hike leads through Moderate Lookout Blinman • irregular surface with Stokes Hill Parachilna Wirrealpa Lookout National loose, uneven base loop the landscape that inspired artist Hans Park Flinders Ranges • average level of fitness Heysen on his numerous National Park visits to the Flinders Malloga Falls Tanderra

Saddle  Hawker

Ranges. 

Trezona Hike 4 hours 8.2 km Discover fossils of some Hard  HIKE – Hard  Haywards Cooinda

loop loop of the earliest lifeforms Camp Wangarra  Quorn • some steep inclines Huts Hike Lookout Wilpena Port Carrieton on Earth in the Trezona  Augusta

Network  • irregular surface with loose, Formation. Wilmington uneven base  Aroona to 7 hours 15 km A linear walk across Hard  Mt Ohlssen • average level of fitness Hills Bagge 

Youngoona one-way one-way the purple shale of the Homestead  Park boundary Water (may be in • some hiking experience springs/creeks) Hike native pine-clad ABC Bridle WILPENA  Gap Sealed road Range to the limestone  Phone

POUND  Unsealed road of the Trezona Range. To Black Gap via Heysen Trail  Fuel Arkaroo Rock Sacred Canyon

Cultural Heritage Site  Walking trail St Mary direct route 6 hours 14.6 km Cultural Heritage Site Accommodation Breathtaking views of  Walking trail Peak (outside trail) return return Caravan camping the central Flinders Hard  (mentioned in this brochure) Hike Rawnsley Bluff  loop route 9 hours 21.5 km Vehicle based camping Ranges.  Heysen Trail (inside trail) return return   Bush camping To Hawker via     The Heysen Trail is generally open from Mawson Trail To Hawker © Government of 40 km Ranger station April to October each year. It is closed Ruin Self-registration station First published 1994 Heysen Trail 1500 km during the Fire Danger Season. Dates Building vary from section to section, and from Lookout Reprinted with additions 2011 Information season to season. Location of hikes in the Bus parking Toilets Heysen Hut (Cover image courtesy of SA Tourism *Time is generously estimated from an average walking speed of 2 km per hour – Flinders R anges National Park Parking Commission; photo 043528) allow extra time for resting and sightseeing.

MER 203996