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Geol Ogy Ofth E Flin Ders Rang Es Nati Onal Park

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Geol Ogy Ofth E Flin Ders Rang Es Nati Onal Park MER 203996 MER allow extra time for resting and sightseeing. and resting for time extra allow Commission; photo 043528) photo Commission; Parking (Cover image courtesy of SA Tourism Tourism SA of courtesy image (Cover *Time is generously estimated from an average walking speed of 2 km per hour – hour per km 2 of speed walking average an from estimated generously is *Time Flinders R anges National Park National anges R Flinders Heysen Hut Heysen Toilets Bus parking Bus the in hikes of Location season. to season Information 2011 additions with Reprinted from and section, to section from vary Lookout km 1500 Trail Heysen Building 1994 published First Dates Season. Danger Fire the during Self-registration station Self-registration closed is It year. each October to April Ruin Ranger station Ranger 40 km 40 Australia South of Government © from open generally is Trail Heysen The To Hawker To Mawson Trail Mawson Mawson Trail Mawson To Hawker via Hawker To Bush camping Bush return return trail) (inside Heysen Trail Heysen Ranges. Vehicle based camping based Vehicle km 21.5 hours 9 route loop Hike Rawnsley Bluff Rawnsley Hard Flinders central the (mentioned in this brochure) this in (mentioned Caravan camping Caravan return return trail) (outside Peak Walking trail Walking of views Breathtaking Accommodation Cultural Heritage Site Heritage Cultural km 14.6 hours 6 route direct Mary St Cultural Heritage Site Site Heritage Cultural Walking trail Walking Sacred Canyon Canyon Sacred Arkaroo Rock Arkaroo via Heysen Trail Heysen via Fuel Range. Trezona the of To Black Gap Black To Unsealed road Unsealed POUND limestone the to Range Phone Gap Sealed road Sealed WILPENA Bridle ABC pine-clad native Hike experience hiking some • springs/creeks) Homestead Park boundary Park (may be in be (may Water the of shale purple the one-way one-way Youngoona fitness of level average • Hills Bagge Mt Ohlssen Mt Hard across walk linear A km 15 hours 7 to Aroona base uneven Formation. Wilmington loose, with surface irregular • Network Trezona the in Earth on Augusta Wilpena Carrieton inclines steep some • Huts Hike Hike Huts Lookout Port Quorn lifeforms earliest the of loop loop Camp Wangarra Cooinda Haywards Haywards – Hard – HIKE Hard some of fossils Discover km 8.2 hours 4 Hike Trezona Ranges. Saddle Hawker Tanderra Malloga Falls Malloga Flinders the to visits St Mary Peak Peak Peak Peak Peak Mary Mary Mary Mary Mary St St St St St St Mary Peak Mary St numerous his on Heysen National Park National fitness of level average • Flinders Ranges Flinders Hans artist inspired Park base uneven loose, that landscape the loop Lookout National with surface irregular • Wirrealpa Stokes Hill Stokes Parachilna Moderate through leads hike This loop km 8 hours 4 Hike Yuluna Blinman Lookout inclines moderate some • Torrens Bunyeroo Valley Bunyeroo Hucks creeks. Reserve Regional – Moderate – HIKE gum-lined cool, hilltops; return return Hike Creeks Frome Lake Creek Lake Moderate along groves pine Native km 9.2 hours 5 Bunyeroo and Wilcolo Wilcolo and Bunyeroo Leigh National Park National Cultural Heritage Site Heritage Cultural Lookouts Copley Gorge Gorge Gorge Gorge Gorge Gorge Appealinna Ruin Appealinna Gammon Ranges Gammon Valley Bunyeroo Bunyeroo Bunyeroo Bunyeroo Bunyeroo Bunyeroo Bunyeroo Bunyeroo Pound. Lyndhurst S t r z the through wildlife e l e c k i Yanyanna Hut Yanyanna clothing. observe alluvium; recent with mainly filled is return return weather wet appropriate have To Innamincka To Hard Pound Wilpena The 18.8 hours 6 Hike Gap Bridle you ensure quickly; change Marree T r a c k Campground can conditions • Weather features. geological Acraman unique wallaby; rock one-way one-way return. of time expected Hut Oraparinna Elatina Elatina Gorge Hard yellow-footed of Habitat km 11.4 hours 6 Hike Gorge Wilkawillina and route proposed your of Dingley Dell Dingley Brachina Brachina National Park National Cambrian Heritage Site Heritage 160 km 160 Dip Cultural person responsible a • Inform Slippery Slippery To Arkaroola To Classification Notes Trail Distance * Time Trail Perawurtina a G n i u h S e i l c f d a r e B d Trezona Teamsters trail. D r i v East e Youngoona Brachina walking. defined the to • Keep 100 km 100 To Leigh Creek Leigh To www.heysentrail.asn.au/heysen_trail/>. < and > FLRA_PDFS_PARK_GUIDE.PDF water. Aroona Valley Valley Valley Valley Aroona Aroona Aroona Aroona Aroona Valley Aroona Flinders Ranges Flinders drinking for park the in creeks sections.For different www.environment.sa.gov.au/parks/pdfs/ < see information futher Koolamon or tanks on rely not Do day. along walks short do to choose might who walker day the for and length, complete Gorge per person per water of litres Wilkawillina the walking backpacker serious the both for cater to designed been has trail The 4 allow — water drinking and food sufficient • Carry Lookout Red Hill Red walkers. experienced for challenge rewarding a providing rugged, Geology of the of Geology sunscreen. times at and isolated is Gorge, Parachilna to Spalding from section, northern The and hat shoes, sturdy • Wear children. with those and beginners for ideal is and Ranges Lofty Mount Be prepared when bushwalking: when prepared Be Dedman's Hut Dedman's Cultural Heritage Site Heritage Cultural the follows North, Mid the in Spalding to Jervis Cape from section, southern The Aroona Ruins/ Aroona Great Wall of China of Wall Great Walk safely Walk cont. Trail Heysen via Heysen Trail Heysen via 13 km 13 To Parachilna Gorge Parachilna To To Blinman To Geological history of the Flinders Ranges About 700 million years ago, severe the underlying crust may have been depositing finer grained sediments but, The Trezona Formation marks few centimetres thick, is thought The Wonoka Formation passes up climatic cooling led to a major ice the trigger that initiated upward as the basin filled up, shallow marine, a return to near-shore, tidally to represent the fall-out from the into the red Bonney Sandstone. The story of the Flinders Ranges Oraparinna and Enorama Diapirs, At this time, about 800 million age, when glaciers and ice sheets movement of the less dense sediments sandy to gritty limestone of the Etina influenced and lagoonal impact of a large meteorite that Ripple marks, mudcracks, mud began more than 800 million years these rocks are broken and disrupted years ago, the Earth’s crust was covered much of Australia and other of the Callanna Group under the Formation accumulated. Large, environments, ideal for the growth struck the present position of pebbles and cross-bedding ago during the Neoproterozoic Era, sedimentary beds originally pulled apart and thinned, forming continents. The glaciers scoured deep weight of thick overburden. This trough-shaped scours indicate high- of cyanobacteria which built up Lake Acraman on northern Eyre record shallow deltaic and tidal when the Earth was undergoing deposited in shallow, restricted seas, an extensive sedimentary basin as valleys in the landscape, picking up movement dragged up and disrupted energy wave and current-influenced stromatolites (see Stromatolites). Peninsula at this time. environments. major changes in its crust and coastal lagoons and saline lakes. the sea started to fill the resulting rock debris that became incorporated the beds, forming a breccia of environments. The Oraparinna surface environments. The land was Casts of salt crystals are commonly depression. This basin, known as the in the ice and was later released as fragments of sedimentary rocks, as Diapir was again active at this time, At this time, sea level fell with the The white Rawnsley Quartzite forms devoid of plants and animals, and found on the under-surfaces of beds. Adelaide Geosyncline, stretched from the glaciers melted. Such glacially well as blocks of volcanic rock, from shedding fragments of Callanna Group onset of another glacial period. the highest bluffs and ranges of the the oceans were populated only by Lava flows and ash falls recorded in near Oodnadatta to Kangaroo Island. derived sediment is typically a mixture the Callanna Group. rocks to form conglomerate lenses Limestone of the underlying park area. It too was deposited in microscopic organisms. It was also these sediments were derived from of mud, sand, pebbles and boulders; in the Etina Formation adjacent to Trezona Formation was subject to shallow marine and possibly fluvial a time of break-up of very large volcanic activity as molten rock rose when compacted and hardened this At first, the overlying beds were the diapir. Interbedded green, silty dissolution by rain water, producing environments. Close to the base is continental landmasses, similar to along deep fractures in the crust. forms a rock called tiIIite. In the park, domed upwards as the salt-bearing shales record quieter, deeper marine a karst topography. Glaciation is a unit of siltstone and thinly bedded sandstone which contains the first the much later (about 100 million the Pualco Tillite and the dark red, material rose. Later, the diapir episodes, as does the overlying recorded by the pebbly sandstone abundant evidence of complex years ago) break-up that formed the ridge-forming Holowilena Ironstone periodically broke through to the Enorama Shale. and local tiIIite of the Elatina marine animal life (see Ediacara present continents. were deposited during this glaciation. surface, and diapiric breccia spilled Formation, containing glacially SA Fauna). Siltstone of the overlying Wilyerpa out on the seafloor or on small uplifted derived pebbles, many striated or QLD The Flinders Ranges present a Formation records gradual warming, islands. This material was grooved by rocks grinding against At the end of the Neoproterozoic magnificent record of Earth history. with occasional cobbles and pebbles reworked by currents into each other while carried by ice. Contact between the white Rawnsley NSW Era about 540 million years ago, With careful observations, the rocks dropped from melting icebergs.
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