cont.
soft by occupied is Ranges Trezona Pound. Wilpena not and Sandstone Bonney the PIRSA. Quartzite overlying red Bonney Sandstone. Bonney red overlying Quartzite (Photo 042165) (Photo
overlies Bonney Sandstone. Sandstone. Bonney overlies (Photo 042164) (Photo
Formation, Hill Tapley the of siltstone
Gorge Geological Trail is available from from available is Trail Geological Gorge
Northern rim of Wilpena Pound from Bunyeroo Valley lookout, showing light coloured Rawnsley Rawnsley coloured light showing lookout, Valley Bunyeroo from Pound Wilpena of rim Northern Rawnsley Bluff at the southern end of Wilpena Pound. Cliff-forming Rawnsley Quartzite Quartzite Rawnsley Cliff-forming Pound. Wilpena of end southern the at Bluff Rawnsley
overlies therefore area this in and ABC the between country of stunning the and Valley Barossa
grey on located lookout, This
A more detailed brochure on the Brachina Brachina the on brochure detailed more A
Limestone Wilkawillina The down. band broad The Creek. Etina in the – destinations tourist acclaimed
Limestones. Wirrealpa Hucks Lookout Lookout Hucks
laid were limestones Cambrian the exposed is glaciation, of period a internationally and forests state
and Wilkawillina the in shells and
before erosion by removed were
during deposited Formation, Elatina parks, national includes It towns.
skeletons with animals first • the
east the in layers top the of most
the of Tillite Earth. on life early of historic and farmland rich as well as Formation.
Quartzite
deposited, were sands Rawnsley
evidence provide Creek Enorama vineyards, and forests pine gorges, Trezona the of limestone grey and
Rawnsley the in animals, bodied
the After Quartzite. Rawnsley little
in exposed stromatolites shaped Formation Elatina the of sandstone rugged bushland, native areas,
soft- known oldest the amongst
contain ranges eastern the ranges,
reddish Formation, Nuccaleena the dome- where shale) and limestone coastal traversing landscapes,
Fauna, Ediacara the of • fossils
the of part western the Unlike
of dolomite pink thin including rocks Formation (Trezona Range Trezona breathtaking and diverse most
ago years
sedimentary older progressively
the through passes walk the end, Australia’s South of some
million 600 impact meteorite a of
archaeocyatha. coral-like
through passes road the km, 10 other the At folds. and joints marks, through passes Trail Heysen The Formation Bunyeroo the in • evidence
the of fossils of examples excellent
next the For west). the to dips which
ripple sediment, of layers shows
Formation (1500 km) (1500
containing Limestone Wilkawillina
Quartzite Range (ABC Range ABC which Quartzite) Range (ABC Range
Elatina the in age ice an of • evidence
Heysen Trail Heysen
of outcrops the is section gorge
the in gap a through passes road ABC the through passes walk the
Earth on life earliest
the of highlight A Limestone.
the off, turn Chalet Wilpena the after
end, Valley Aroona the At km. 15.4
the of some representing Formation, alluvium. recent with mainly
Wilkawillina and Sandstone
km 0.5 About km. 10 for Formation
of walk one-way a of end either
• Trezona the in stromatolites filled is Pound the of part central
Bonney Formation, Wonoka the of
Bunyeroo the of shale red follows
at km 8 about of loops two from:
including: interest the homestead, old the of ruin the
siltstone and limestone includes off, turn Gorge Brachina the After
Formation. road the park, the entering On
choose to walks three are There
of features interpret way the along After Quartzite. Rawnsley white
graben the within sequence
Formation. Etina the of limestone
Etina the within limestone of bed
Stops Gorge. Brachina of geology
overlying and Sandstone Bonney red
Formation.
The graben. the of faults by
of outcrops craggy and Member
(15 km one-way) km (15 Youngoona
horizontal resistant a of cliff-edge
Formation. Wonoka coloured light
the on information general provide
the traverses Gap Pound via Chalet
valley. the of walls southern
Bunyeroo the of shale purplish
bounded rocks sedimentary the
Dolomite Wockerawirra the of
and Aroona to to Aroona and loop) km (8.2
eroded the is feature this park, overlies which Sandstone Bonney
drive the of end either at Shelters
the from trail The Park). National
the forms Quartzite Range ABC the
traversing north, turns and Range ABC crossing before Quartzite Range
dolomite flaggy include These km. 7
, Trezona Trezona , loop) km (8 Yuluna
the of north km 7 some Located red of formed are slopes the cliffs,
the of (outside Valley Moralana
while Formation, Wonoka the of hills ABC and siltstone Formation the through Creek Bunyeroo follows
next the for younger progressively
the Below structure. synclinal the Haywards Huts Huts Haywards
Limestone. Great Wall of China China of Wall Great
in Gap Black or Chalet Wilpena
treeless spectacular the are north Brachina in begins walk The then road The Sandstone. Bonney
become and northwest gently dip
of rim the of peaks high the forms
Wirrealpa to Shale Enorama from
at either started be can which
the To shale. Formation Bunyeroo of
red by underlain Quartzite Rawnsley which strata through descends
section. in seen be can sediments
Quartzite Rawnsley White Pound.
sequence the including west, the
diapir. the by shale.
Pound Wilpena across walk This
valley broad a along eastward turns
white of composed is pound the of road the Station, Oraparinna After its above, from that, so end its to
Wilpena of end southern the of view
to younger progressively become
up rafted basalt older much overlies Formation Bunyeroo reddish and
road the Gorge, Wilkawillina to off
rim the elsewhere, As Pound. Wilpena
on tipped be to graben the caused Formation. Hill Tapley dipping
(18.8 km return) km (18.8
excellent an provides lookout This
and fold domal large a of remnant
Formation Etina the of dolomite
Quartzite) Range (ABC Range ABC
turn the past km 2 About horizon. towards Creek Bunyeroo of valley ago years million 500 about shallow- mainly of outcrop subdued
Bridle Gap Bridle
western the are They deposited. were
Here boundary. park the of north
the traverses walk The formation.
(Just south of the park boundary) boundary) park the of south (Just eastern the on seen be can Range
geosyncline the in sediments the of the along views southerly sweeping passes road the km, 12 next the For
time the at prevalent conditions they
km 1 about east, the to m 500 ridge
this of origin shallow-water the of
Mine Loves the in Caernarvon Mount Folding sediment. with filling was it
provides and Formation Brachina the Rawnsley Bluff Lookout Lookout Bluff Rawnsley
horizon. the to stretching ranges
climatic and events geological the of low a on exposed poorly is which
indicative surfaces ripple-marked
as Geosyncline Adelaide the within kilometres. few next the for roadside
of siltstone on located is lookout This north. the to Diapir Oraparinna
of rows north, the to and, south
Diapir Enorama the to point closest
record unique a provide rocks These
display which sandstone and
developed depression) bounded
the along occurs basalt bouldery and
and southwest the to Pound Wilpena
Bunyeroo Valley Lookout Lookout Valley Bunyeroo
the to Pound Wilpena of basin
moisture. of action the through the at also is area this in road The
age. this for world the in records
siltstone Formation Brachina on
(fault- graben a Gorge, Wilkawillina rocks sedimentary of rafts containing
towards views provides Formation,
the of views provides Quartzite,
sandstone of fretting by formed was
sedimentary complete most the of
commences Valley Bunyeroo the of
At (anticline). fold domal broad a breccia diapiric of Outcrop Diapir.
Hill Tapley on also lookout, This
Rawnsley of composed peak, This
art rock Aboriginal containing cave
one exhibits and years, million 520 Lookout. Valley Bunyeroo Formation. Trezona hills rolling through walk loop This of side other the on is it as (east) Oraparinna the of rocks distorted and
Stokes Hill Lookout Lookout Hill Stokes
A Pound. Wilpena of erosion the
to million 650 from age in range Loop route (21.5 km return) km (21.5 route Loop the of siltstone and limestone of reaching until rocks younger traverses direction opposite the in dips broken and Formation Hill Tapley (9.2 km return) km (9.2
during shed sandstone of boulder
beds alternating of comprised sequence the but Gorge Brachina which Geosyncline Adelaide the of road the Hut, Yanyanna After km. 13
return) km (14.6 route Direct
the between contact faulted a is off
Creeks
fallen large a is Rock Arkaroo
along exposed those to similar Range Trezona distinctive the is Quartzite.
rocks through cuts route The history. of distance a for Formation Trezona
St Mary Peak Mary St turn the after km 5 About siltstone.
Bunyeroo and Wilcolo Wilcolo and Bunyeroo
are walk this along rocks The road the of side western the along Rawnsley to Formation Hill Tapley Rock Arkaroo
Earth in landmarks famous contains the of limestone and shale on country
Formation Hill Tapley of composed
hills. rolling reached; is park the of boundary from succession geological dipping
Road, Hawker-Blinman the on off open through passes road the off,
Road hills rolling subdued crosses
(11.4 km one-way) km (11.4
low, of landscape a to rise gives ranges. western northern the until km 10 about for west- complete the and Pound
turn the at starts which drive, This turn Valley Bunyeroo the leaving On
road the Road, Hawker-Blinman
Wilkawillina Gorge Wilkawillina
Hawker to Blinman Blinman to Hawker
which siltstone Formation Brachina the in as Quartzite Rawnsley the
traversed is Shale Enorama green Wilpena of views excellent provides
(18 km one-way) km (18 (27 km one-way) km (27 the on off turn the leaving After
Bunyeroo Valley Bunyeroo Road Gorge Wilkawillina Gorge Brachina
Drives Hikes Hikes
vast away carried rivers Large rose. Gorge (x 0.7). (x Gorge (Photo 042162) (Photo 038766) structures, cabbage-shaped domes, animals.
Formation Creek Billy the of silt and
Limestone, Brachina Gorge (x 0.6). 0.6). (x Gorge Brachina Limestone, (photo (photo
Member, Rawnsley Quartzite, Brachina Brachina Quartzite, Rawnsley Member,
(Courtesy of Jim Gehling; photo 408458) photo Gehling; Jim of (Courtesy
they as mountains the reduce to
laminations, wavy of form the take frond-like of bulbs) (or devices
sand red shallow-water of deposition
Ranges Flinders the in
Archaeocyaths in the Wilkawillina Wilkawillina the in Archaeocyaths Shale. Oraparinna the from Trilobite
in the Ediacara Ediacara the in costata Dickinsonia
represented scale time Geological began immediately erosion and destinations. holiday treasured
may stromatolites environment, anchoring buried be to likely more are the allowing restricted, very become
Weathering born. were Ranges most our of one ranges, the of local the of effects shaping the on forms circular the of most However, had basin The deposited. were
ARCHAEAN
2500 Flinders ancestral the activity, beauty unique the enhance only
and mats the in micro-organisms of jellyfish. free-floating of be to thought sand and silt coarse sediment, with
PALAEOPROTEROZOIC
Siderian
mountain-building this of result a As can understanding This rocks. the fill to began again basin the As types the on Depending stromatolites. recently until impressions circular
in preserved clues the of observer concretions. in preserved trilobites, as known structures laminated the by dominated are They evolution.
Rhyacian
keen the to available is history Earth diapirs. first the includes Shale Oraparinna up built they grew, mats the as animal early of glimpse useful first
of period long this of evidence The the of levels deeper the of view a green overlying The time. last and, layers limy thin formed This our offer they Fauna, Ediacara the as
Orosirian
eye. the meets first than ranges providing domes, the through cut the for sea extensive an forming precipitate. to carbonate calcium collectively Known beds. quartzite
the to more is there see can you As has erosion Later rocks. overlying the Statherian flooded, again basin the as deposited allowed which photosynthesis, to due on impressions as preserved are
1600
into higher injected and mobilised, was Formation Mernmerna the of chemistry, water in changes caused and bodied soft were animals These
MESOPROTEROZOIC
Calymmian
and compressed further was material limestone organic-rich grey, dark The down-stream. carried be may trees, and water the in suspended particles
diapiric salt-bearing The folds. up-rooted as well as boulders, and sedimentary fine trapped filaments Quartzite. Rawnsley the in abundant
Ectasian dome-shaped large of cores the gravel sand, of quantities large when silt. iron-rich with microscopic intertwined their by become but Formation, Wonoka
became diapirs the folding, During events flood occasional to limited filled sinkholes many with terrain formed Mats seafloor. shallow the on the in appear first fossils Animal
are processes sedimentary today, karst a forming reefs, the t exposure
flourished algae) blue-green as known Stenian The Ediacara Fauna Fauna Ediacara The
climate drier a with but, ranges sedimentation. during caused level sea in drop a Later,
(formerly Cyanobacteria Formation.
1000
Formation. Formation. (photo 042163) (photo
(photo 038763) (photo
the shape to continue processes active been had that faults activated
Trezona e.g. units,
limestone NEOPROTEROZOIC
Tonian
, an Ediacara fossil (x 0.4). (x fossil Ediacara an , Mawsonites Worm burrows in the Parachilna Parachilna the in burrows Worm
dynamic These ridges. sandstone the
re- and weakness of zones along some in activity their of evidence
(Photo 042161) (Photo
Limestone on the ridge. ridge. the on Limestone (photo 042160) (photo Formation. Trezona the in Stromatolites in faults small and joints exploited formed fractures and faults large abundant is there however, park, the
Cryogenian
Quartzite and darker Wilkawillina Wilkawillina darker and Quartzite
which rivers by through cut were buckling, During BB’). (cross-section in intact preserved are organisms
Sandstone overlain by lighter Rawnsley Rawnsley lighter by overlain Sandstone
Gorges Bunyeroo and Brachina anticline tighter a forms map the micro- ancient the of fossils No
Wilkawillina Gorge. Reddish Bonney Bonney Reddish Gorge. Wilkawillina
III Neoproterozoic
spectacular The ridges. and peaks of corner southwestern the in area
545
as remained quartzite as such Burns Mount the and syncline gentle
Cambrian Era.
490
rocks hard while valleys, form to a forms Pound Wilpena A’). A section Neoproterozoic the in late time some
Ordovician
434
readily eroded were units mudstone (cross- core central this of west and
at evolve to able was life animal where
Silurian
410
Soft Gorge. Brachina to entrance east directions opposite in
PALAEOZOIC tilted point a to atmosphere the of content
Devonian
354 the at as such valleys in occurred strata and centre the in rocks oldest
oxygen the up building gradually for
evolution. of history the in
diversity Carboniferous
sedimentation lacustrine and Fluvial the with anticline, eroded deeply
Dinantian Mississippian responsible were photosynthetic,
of explosion dramatic most the
broad, a occupies park The rocks.
being these, of Some sea. the
representing Cambrian, the in early
sedimentary the of upthrusting today. process continuing
in lived organisms microscopic Silesian Pennsylvanian
appeared all groups animal These
and buckling caused basin the of a is this that indicate tremors earth
single-celled, largely primitive, 298
shales. and limestones Cambrian
Permian
side either on masses land stable small persistent and steadily, rising
Only life. animal of evidence no
251
the in found be also can trilobites,
Triassic
ancient the of movement Convergent Sandstone. Bonney the
been have Ranges Flinders the years,
contain rocks sedimentary older The
205 MESOZOIC
extinct the and (Iamp-shells),
Jurassic
and compacted been cemented. over directly lies limestone the and million 50 last the During uplift.
Stromatolites Stromatolites
141
brachiopods shells, cockle-like and
Cretaceous
had sediments accumulated the missing, is Formation Parachilna the renewed caused then Antarctica
65
snails sea small including Molluscs,
now By ago. years million 500 Palaeogene forms. enigmatic completely Gorge, Wilkawillina In Limestone. from Australia of break-up the
Tertiary to
23
Period. Cambrian the in later out Cambrian. Early the by evolved
Formation. Trezona the life. of evolution about began crust Earth’s the within some and urchins, sea of ancestors Wilkawillina the of parts in preserved
related movements Earth CAINOZOIC landscape.
Neogene died which and sponges, to related have must predators that indicates
in seen be can types columnar broadly the in stage distinct a represents Each heating and movements major affinities, arthropod of cavity) (body beautifully are These archaeocyaths. undulating gently low, a to reduced
feeders filter probably were which burrows in shelter sought they that 1.6
and dome-shaped laminated, wavy fossils. shelly and fossils trace Fauna,
when ceased finally Sedimentation coelome a with animals worms, called extinct, now animals, related ranges ancestral been probably had
Quaternary
archaeocyaths, cup-shaped the fact The cavity. body fluid-filled
the of Examples fingers. and columns Ediacara the stromatolites, park: the primitive are beds of undersides the sponge- by but corals, by not the ago, years million 100 about
ago years
include These skeletons. hard rigid, a had worms burrowing the Period Era
branching slender, or columns, broad in present are fossils of groups Four on impressions as preserved Also built were these but Cambrian, of Millions By Australia. eastern in basins Limestone. Wirrealpa the
with animals of fossils first the that indicate Formation Parachilna
seafloor. the to attached were which the during waters warm shallow sedimentary developing the feed by represented interval marine brief
contain limestones Cambrian The the in burrows U-shaped The
Fossils Fossils to thickness, in kilometres several polyps tentacle-bearing possibly a by interrupted was deposition this in grew Reef Barrier Great the to
Cambrian shelly fossils fossils shelly Cambrian fossils trace Cambrian totalling rock eroded of amounts However, Group. Frome Lake and soft, represent may discs Other example, for similar, reefs first The
a only debris, rock of layer unique the as known structures large two in weakness of zones along Faulting
formation. along zones of crustal weakness. crustal of zones along
sediments. 044287)
again, rose then level Sea
Range. Range. (Courtesy of Bernd Stoecker; photo photo Stoecker; Bernd of (Courtesy a formation, this Within water. Volcanoes and lava flows formed formed flows lava and Volcanoes unstable. became material bearing in only Found ranges. the of origins breached the seafloor and detritus was shed into flanking flanking into shed was detritus and seafloor the breached this in found are life, animal marine
limestone. pebbly and oolitic Wilpena Pound, looking towards Chace Chace towards looking Pound, Wilpena
basin that was invaded by the sea. sea. the by invaded was that basin in overlying sediments. As the diapir continued to rise, it it rise, to continued diapir the As sediments. overlying in
quiet deep, in deposited was salt- the deposition, continuing with earliest the to clues provide Group,
of evidence good first the worms,
Ripple marks in the Rawnsley Quartzite, Quartzite, Rawnsley the in marks Ripple crust, forming an extensive low-lying low-lying extensive an forming crust,
dense Callanna Group rocks intruded zones of weakness weakness of zones intruded rocks Group Callanna dense
with filled and Formation Hill
Formation Bunyeroo the of shale thickened sediments denser of pile Callanna the Park, National Ranges small of trails Grazing shallow. to
stretched and thinned the Earth’s Earth’s the thinned and stretched Development of the Oraparinna Diapir. Initially, less less Initially, Diapir. Oraparinna the of Development
Tapley underlying the into cut
red monotonous The basin. the of overlying the As types. rock other Flinders the in seen rocks oldest The began again basin the as deposited 203996-002 Adelaide Geosyncline. Tectonic forces forces Tectonic Geosyncline. Adelaide
were Channels sandstone.
Pualco Tillite Pualco
Initial stages in development of the the of development in stages Initial flooding marine major another was than ductile more and lighter is Salt sandstone and limestone into
Holowilena Ironstone, Holowilena
coarse-grained thin, a by
there interval, erosional brief a After Group. Callanna the in beds salt of Callanna Group Callanna Wilyerpa Formation, Wilyerpa upwards passes Formation Wonoka
( ages.
(
( ( 800 million years ago years million 800
marked and level sea in
drop ( (
( ( the of shale green Deep-water sea. Burra Group Burra Tapley Hill Formation Hill Tapley presence original the to due be to
ice major two including
( ( ( climate,
( ( (
( ( (
a from resulting boundary, (
( ( (
(
the by flooded quickly was canyons, thought is structures these of origin ( ( ( out. dried and exposed occasionally
in changes and sea the of
( retreats
( ( ( Lincoln (
203996-001 ( ( ( ( (
erosional an is base its
but ( ( (
ADELAIDE
( ( Port (
the including basin, The Formation. ( The time. this at active became first were layers clay thin that indicate (
and advances repeated record
( ( They
( (
siltstone, and
sandstone ( (
( (
Wonoka the of base the marking Diapirs Enorama and Oraparinna The ( (
mudcracks and currents, tidal by
thick. metres of hundreds to
( ( up
( ( (
( (
fine-grained of consists
also ( (
( ( ( ( dolomite yellow banded thick, (
( (
formed were marks ripple and ( ( each are formations, termed ( layers,
( ( ( ( (
( ( (
Ranges Flinders central the (
( ( ( (
(
one-metre a of deposition slow
very ( (
Cross-bedding Quartzite. Range
Geosyncline. (
rock These supply. sediment ( ( and
(
( ( (
of Formation Sunderland
The (
( (
of period a by recorded is
event ( ( ABC the up making sand beach ( Adelaide the throughout deposited environment of conditions
( ( ( different
( (
( ( ( (
remarkable this and stable
more ( ( ( burrows. worm U-shaped (
of deposition the in culminating
were Formation Hill Tapley the of (
under deposited each
(( ( ( rocks,
( ( ( sediment.
with ( (
Augusta (
crust. was however, area, park The
( ( ( and vertical long, with siltstone (
basin, the of shallowing overall
muds organic-rich black, which during
sedimentary mainly of types
( ( different
Port (
fill to began it as basin
the ( (
the of stretching renewed by
caused ( and sandstone clayey white,
of (
records turn in Formation Brachina followed, sea the of deepening rapid A
of consist layers The surface.
Detritus
of shallowing gradual record LATER STAGE LATER
Seafloor
deep, kilometre a to up canyons
consisting Formation, Parachilna
overlying the of sandstone grained Earth’s the at accessible hence and
Diapir
Broken Hill Broken
Caernarvon Mount of beds
of scouring the by Ranges Flinders
the is unit rock Cambrian first the
fine- and siltstone thick The shoreline. ancient an along ice eroded, and tilted now layers, rock
sandstone grey-green grained,
northern and southern the in
shells area park the In evolved.
climates. warmer to return a with melting by freed sand from currents of succession a in represented is
Chalet fine- The diapirs. the of
punctuated was it again, basin the hard with animals first the when
basin the flooded again sea the Wilpena storm by off-shore deposited was
history This time. through journey
margins the around Formation
fill to able was sedimentation Before Period, Cambrian the of beginning
as deposited then was Formation,
Range, Mine Loves the near example long a on us taking book, a like read
Hill Tapley the in example, for
Arkaroola
the at flooded again was basin
Nuccaleena the dolomite, pink photo 044285) photo for Formation, Wilyerpa the of top the
be can gorges gum-lined colourful,
seen, as layers conglomerate
the erosion, terrestrial of period a Brachina Gorge. Gorge. Brachina
(Courtesy of Bernd Stoecker; Stoecker; Bernd of (Courtesy
yellow-weathering prominent A at sandstone ridge-forming Prominent
and ranges rugged the in displayed
lenticular forming time, the
underlying red Bonney Sandstone, Sandstone, Bonney red underlying
After completely. withdrew sea the
Marree
icebergs. melting from dropped
Sea rocks the observations, careful With
Quartzite (weathering orange) and and orange) (weathering Quartzite of sediments marine the INITIAL STAGE INITIAL
NSW
ago, years million 540 about Era
ice. by carried while other each pebbles and cobbles occasional with
Contact between the white Rawnsley Rawnsley white the between Contact history. Earth of record magnificent
into currents by reworked
Neoproterozoic the of end the At
against grinding rocks by grooved
warming, gradual records Formation
a present Ranges Flinders The
was material This islands.
QLD
or striated many pebbles, derived Wilyerpa overlying the of Siltstone
uplifted small on or seafloor the on out
Fauna).
SA
glacially containing Formation, glaciation. this during deposited were continents. present
spilled breccia diapiric and surface, Ediacara (see life animal marine
Elatina the of tiIIite local and
Ironstone Holowilena ridge-forming the formed that break-up ago) years
the to through broke periodically Shale. Enorama complex of evidence abundant
sandstone pebbly the by recorded
red, dark the and Tillite Pualco the
million 100 (about later much the diapir the Later, rose. material overlying the does as episodes, first the contains which sandstone
is Glaciation topography. karst a park, the In tiIIite. called rock a forms
to similar landmasses, continental salt-bearing the as upwards domed marine deeper quieter, record shales bedded thinly and siltstone of unit a crust. the in fractures deep along
producing water, rain by dissolution this hardened and compacted when
large very of break-up of time a were beds overlying the first, At silty green, Interbedded diapir. the is base the to Close environments. rose rock molten as activity volcanic
to subject was Formation Trezona boulders; and pebbles sand, mud, of
also was It organisms. microscopic to adjacent Formation Etina the in fluvial possibly and marine shallow from derived were sediments these
underlying the of Limestone
mixture a typically is sediment derived
by only populated were oceans the lenses conglomerate form to rocks Group. Callanna the in deposited was too It area. park in recorded falls ash and flows Lava Island. Kangaroo to Oodnadatta near
period. glacial another of onset glacially Such melted. glaciers the
Group Callanna of fragments shedding and animals, and plants of devoid from rock, volcanic of blocks as well the of ranges and bluffs highest the beds. of under-surfaces the on found from stretched Geosyncline, Adelaide
the with fell level sea time, this At as released later was and ice the in
time, this at active again was Diapir as rocks, sedimentary of fragments was land The environments. surface forms Quartzite Rawnsley white The commonly are crystals salt of Casts the as known basin, This depression.
incorporated became that debris rock Oraparinna The environments. of breccia a forming beds, the and crust its in changes major lakes. saline and lagoons coastal resulting the fill to started sea the
up picking landscape, the in valleys Stromatolites). (see stromatolites current-influenced and wave energy disrupted and up dragged movement time. this at Peninsula undergoing was Earth the when environments. sedimentary extensive an seas, restricted shallow, in deposited as basin
deep scoured glaciers The continents. up built which cyanobacteria of high- indicate scours trough-shaped This overburden. thick of weight Eyre northern on Acraman Lake tidal and deltaic shallow record Era, Neoproterozoic the during ago forming thinned, and apart pulled originally beds sedimentary
other and Australia of much covered growth the for ideal environments, Large, accumulated. Formation the under Group Callanna the of of position present the struck cross-bedding and pebbles years million 800 than more began was crust Earth’s the ago, years disrupted and broken are rocks these
sheets ice and glaciers when age, lagoonal and influenced Etina the of limestone gritty to sandy sediments dense less the of movement that meteorite large a of impact mud mudcracks, marks, Ripple million 800 about time, this At Diapirs, Enorama and Oraparinna Ranges Flinders the of story The
ice major a to led cooling climatic tidally near-shore, to return a marine, shallow up, filled basin the as upward initiated that trigger the the from fall-out the represent to Sandstone. Bonney red the into
up passes Formation Wonoka The thought is thick, centimetres few marks Formation Trezona The but, sediments grained finer depositing severe ago, years million 700 About been have may crust underlying the Geological history of the Flinders Ranges Flinders the of history Geological
To Parachilna Gorge To Blinman Heysen Trail cont. via Heysen Trail 13 km Walk safely Great Wall of China The southern section, from Cape Jervis to Spalding in the Mid North, follows the Aroona Ruins/ Be prepared when bushwalking: Cultural Heritage Site Dedman's Hut Mount Lofty Ranges and is ideal for beginners and those with children. • Wear sturdy shoes, hat and The northern section, from Spalding to Parachilna Gorge, is isolated and at times sunscreen. Geology of the rugged, providing a rewarding challenge for experienced walkers. Red Hill • Carry sufficient food and Lookout drinking water — allow 4 litres of water per person per The trail has been designed to cater for both the serious backpacker walking the Wilkawillina Gorge day. Do not rely on tanks or complete length, and for the day walker who might choose to do short walks along creeks in the park for drinking different sections.For futher information see
trail. Teamsters
Br Trezona ed a chi Sel f uid na G
Perawurtina Trail Time * Distance Trail Notes Classification Slippery To Arkaroola • Inform a responsible person Cultural Dip Heritage Site 160 km Cambrian National Park Brachina of your proposed route and Wilkawillina Gorge Hike 6 hours 11.4 km Habitat of yellow-footed Hard Dingley Dell Gorge Elatina expected time of return. one-way one-way rock wallaby; unique Hut Oraparinna • Weather conditions can geological features. Acraman Campground rack T
Marree change quickly; ensure you Bridle Gap Hike 6 hours 18.8 The Wilpena Pound Hard
To Innamincka
have appropriate wet weather return return is filled mainly with
recent alluvium; observe clothing. Yanyanna Hut
i wildlife through the eleck Strz Lyndhurst Pound. Bunyeroo Bunyeroo Valley Gammon Ranges Gorge Appealinna Ruin Copley Bunyeroo and Wilcolo 5 hours 9.2 km Native pine groves along Moderate Lookouts Cultural Heritage Site Leigh National Park Lake Creek Lake HIKE – Moderate Creeks Hike return return hilltops; cool, gum-lined Frome Regional creeks. Reserve • some moderate inclines Bunyeroo Valley Hucks Torrens Yuluna Hike 4 hours 8 km loop This hike leads through Moderate Lookout Blinman • irregular surface with Stokes Hill Parachilna Wirrealpa Lookout National loose, uneven base loop the landscape that inspired artist Hans Park Flinders Ranges • average level of fitness Heysen on his numerous National Park St Mary Peak visits to the Flinders Malloga Falls Tanderra
Saddle Hawker
Ranges.
Trezona Hike 4 hours 8.2 km Discover fossils of some Hard HIKE – Hard Haywards Cooinda
loop loop of the earliest lifeforms Camp Wangarra Quorn • some steep inclines Huts Hike Lookout Wilpena Port Carrieton on Earth in the Trezona Augusta
Network • irregular surface with loose, Formation. Wilmington uneven base Aroona to 7 hours 15 km A linear walk across Hard Mt Ohlssen • average level of fitness Hills Bagge
Youngoona one-way one-way the purple shale of the Homestead Park boundary Water (may be in • some hiking experience springs/creeks) Hike native pine-clad ABC Bridle WILPENA Gap Sealed road Range to the limestone Phone
POUND Unsealed road of the Trezona Range. To Black Gap via Heysen Trail Fuel Arkaroo Rock Sacred Canyon
Cultural Heritage Site Walking trail St Mary direct route 6 hours 14.6 km Cultural Heritage Site Accommodation Breathtaking views of Walking trail Peak (outside trail) return return Caravan camping the central Flinders Hard (mentioned in this brochure) Hike Rawnsley Bluff loop route 9 hours 21.5 km Vehicle based camping Ranges. Heysen Trail (inside trail) return return Bush camping To Hawker via Mawson Trail The Heysen Trail is generally open from Mawson Trail To Hawker © Government of South Australia 40 km Ranger station April to October each year. It is closed Ruin Self-registration station First published 1994 Heysen Trail 1500 km during the Fire Danger Season. Dates Building vary from section to section, and from Lookout Reprinted with additions 2011 Information season to season. Location of hikes in the Bus parking Toilets Heysen Hut (Cover image courtesy of SA Tourism *Time is generously estimated from an average walking speed of 2 km per hour – Flinders R anges National Park Parking Commission; photo 043528) allow extra time for resting and sightseeing.
MER 203996