Journal of Multidisciplinary Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST) ISSN: 2458-9403 Vol. 7 Issue 10, October - 2020 Folk Speech In , Northern : A Retrieval And Translation Joan Marie E. Rebadomia College of Education University of Eastern , Pedro Rebadulla Memorial Campus Catubig, , Philippines, 6400 [email protected]

Abstract—This study gathered folk speech generation no longer appreciate and cherish these from Catubig, Northern Samar which was precious treasures which originated from the brilliant categorized as wise sayings, proverbial truisms minds of the forefathers. and proverbial comparisons and they were The researcher was prompted to conduct the study translated into English for universal about folk speech specifically, the wise sayings and understanding. proverbs in Catubig for no one has yet conducted a The researchers used qualitative-analytical similar study in this locale. The researcher also research using unstructured interview in observed that this oral tradition in Catubig is slowly gathering the folk speech. They used voice diminishing. In order to keep this rich literature to recorder, paper and pen to record the data. A continue serve its significance, it should be retrieved camera was used for documentation. A guide and preserved so that the new generation will learn to questionnaire and a personal data form were appreciate this literature and be familiar with their prepared to facilitate the gathering of the personal culture and tradition. information of the respondents. II. METODOLOGY The researcher was able to collect 81 folk This study was conducted in the municipality of speeches from 10 barangays of Catubig. Catubig. Catubig is a fourth class municipality in the Keywords—Folk speech; Wise saying; province of Northern Samar. It is politically subdivided Proverbial truisms; Proverbial comparisons into 47 Barangays. It is an inland town that lies on the banks of the I. INTRODUCTION Catubig River, a waterway that empties near Rawis People say that experiences in life shape a man to and the traditional passage to the town. But now it is become a wittier and knowledgeable individual for s/he already accessible by means of land transportation. gains morals and wisdom from those things. Old folks are most commonly attributed as wise men for they Also called Cagninipa after an aquatic palm, it is have already encountered different phases of life. And located south of . Although the Jesuits so with this, they are considered gems of the society evangelized the town beginning 1597, Jesuits practice for their contributions of brilliant wisdom and principles. did not assign a resident missionary of Catubig but These principles guide the new generation to learn rather through most of the 16th and 17th century, pairs more about life. of Jesuits would visit the settlements and missions under the jurisdiction of the Palapag resedentia. The Philippines is rich in folklore. Its ancestor was able to provide the present generation a very rich Catubig Valley is known as the rice-producing culture. Filipino culture should be preserved and valley of Northern Samar, identified as the potential developed for national identity. Folk speeches are site for developing an intensive rice producing area in aspects of the Filipino culture that should be preserved Northern Samar. It has a population of 26,917 as of [4]. 2002 census. One tourist attraction of the town is the Filipinos are fond of using sayings, which are Catubig Church constructed during the 16th century; a observable every time there are gatherings such as product of force labor of the Catubignon’s forefathers. funeral, wedding or festivities – occasions, which are In this study of retrieved and translation, the data also considered as an occasion for the telling of proverbs [3]. This rich oral tradition is the Filipinos form that were collected were folk speech, specifically wise of leisure and entertainment and serves as a cultural sayings and proverbs told by the folks in the selected bond that strengthens the foundation of good barangays of Catubig. The wise sayings and proverbs relationship among one another. However, because of were collected by interviewing the informants. They the wave of modernization and high technology, this were transcribed and translated into English for oral literature is slowly diminishing [6]. People of new universal understanding.

www.jmest.org JMESTN42353556 12839 Journal of Multidisciplinary Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST) ISSN: 2458-9403 Vol. 7 Issue 10, October - 2020 The informants of this study were the old folks of participants and the confidentiality of their responses Catubig. To make the information reliable, the in general. researcher set some criteria. The informants should be a native of Catubig; at least sixty to ninety years old; III. RESULT AND DISCUSSION not senile; their educational qualification did not exceed Grade III; and the information was known to The town is rich in oral literature. It is evident in the three generations. number of collected folk speeches. In this study, the collected speeches were classified as to proverbial In this study, there were (49) informants who comparison, proverbial truism and sayings. passed the criteria set by the researcher. TABLE I. PRESENTS THE COLLECTED SPEECHES WERE In this retrieval and translation, the data that were CLASSIFIED AS TO PROVERBIAL COMPARISON AND PROVERBIAL TRUISM collected were folk speech, specifically wise sayings and proverbs told by the folks in the selected Proverbial Comparison in barangays of Catubig. The wise sayings and proverbs Catubig’s Folk Vernacular were collected through interview and they were Speech transcribed and translated into English for universal understanding. Translation Meaning Mala nagpipitos an Like a striding The person is siki foot always busy Research Design (lalag, di napuruko) This study is a qualitative research. Basic Mala ka ulalagsing You are like a techniques of retrieval technique, specifically key Fast informant and unstructured interviewing and participant (malaksi, nakipat la) squirrel observation, were used in this study. A black Mala ka an itod You arev like skinned Research Procedure (mapili nga tawo) an “itod” person The first step in the procedure was the preparation of questionnaire and interview guide. After the Mala ka bukaw You are like questionnaire and interview guide were established, Has big eyes the researchers conducted a preliminary survey to (dako an mata) an owl purposively choose the barangays were the data was Mala ka an tikatik You are like a taken. In a span of four (4) weekends, the researchers Talkative went to the selected barangays to collect the data. (sabid) ticking clock Based on the criteria set by the researchers, the Mala ka natarakighil You are like a informants were identified. The researchers asked A flirt permission from the captains of each (nakiwil) coquette selected barangay to conduct an interview with the Mala ka an nakayaw As if you are local folks of the barangay. Before conducting the sa kalibutan Boastful lifted up on air interview, the researchers introduced themselves and (napadayaw) discussed what the study is all about. The researchers asked the informants if they have known wise sayings You are like and proverbs, which were handed down to them by Mala ka an going nga an intestinal Very thin, their ancestors. There were instances where the gin matamatahan work with emaciated, researchers had to provide the informants some liquor (irapa) make believe malnourished in order to establish rapport with them. The data that eyes were gathered were recorded using a voice recorder. The researchers also used a camera to capture some One who Mala ka an cannot wait experiences for documentation purposes. After You are like a gathering the data, the researchers immediately sarawisaw for food to be hungy cat transcribed the collected folk speech. Then, these (saraw) served, were translated to English for universal voracious understanding. Mala ka an ulod ng You are like A slow poke, nag linito-litod Ethical Instrument acrawling slow moving (mahinay The information that were used in this research worm person magkiniwakiwa) were the individual views of participants on the issues related to the subject. Hence, in the interest of future You are like Mala ka an naalog sa predicaments that may arose based on the fetching water Impossible alat impressions of the readers, the identities of the in a native task (makuri pagbuhaton) participants were not divulged in this study. The basket researcher reserved the right to protect the

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Proverbial Comparison in Proverbial Comparison in Catubig’s Folk Vernacular Catubig’s Folk Vernacular Speech Speech Translation Meaning Translation Meaning (pag hinahanap dire don’t show up something he Mala ka ulalaga You are like a Noisy nakikita, pag di cannot find, (maliya) grub hinanap naguwas) but when he stops looking Mala ka kabayo You are like a Fast for it, it is seen (malaksi) horse easily One who does Ah! Ene nga kaguran This shredder Mala ka kusdit You are like a not take a poydi pag-apuhan can last for Durable (waray parigo) cat bath often (marig-on) generations An kutsara ngan Nothing is Mala ka talabong You are like a One who has kugita nagkita The spoon impossible. (halaba an liog) heron long neck (bisan nanu kaiha and octopus Destiny will nga deri nagkikita kay Mala ka an A person who met always find a You are like harayo, magkikita ginhihinipid nga does not care way an ear beside gihapon) talenga of what is me Food already (waray labot) happening Bisan an gintitimo na, Very in the mouth ginhuhukad pa generous or A person who is still taken Mala ka an tagkaro You are like a (mahinatagon) charitable does not out (deri nakaturog) night jar owl sleep at night No matter Magdi-ano in No matter how long is Mala ka naikid nga You are like a prosisyon, sa how long is Boasting the Bangka tiptoeing singbahan an datong your ride, you /showing off engagement, (nagpadayaw) cockroach (bisan nanu kaiha sin will surely it will surely Daw tinta daw pang-inggids, reach the end in langking nadulot sa Like a black ikakasal gihapon) coast kasingkasing sticky ink to marriage Love lasts Magdi-ano an sakay, (an tawo bisan nano the heart it Trivial things maduong tabi Even small karaot higugmaon la clings can have far- (bisan nanu kaiha things can gihapon) reaching san byahe, madatong hurt Bisan an kinakaon You can still results Nothing is gihapon) na, nahuhulog pa lose what you certain Magdi-ano kaditoy, (waray kasiguruhan) have masuol gihapon Trivial things Even small Nakaramada ine nga (bisan nanu kaditot can have far- This octopus things can kugita Careless sin butang, reaching is careless hurt (nadungat) nakakasuol la result gihapon sa tawo) Kun hain an karne There will Where the bibitaya, adto an always be An barko natitimunan, You can meat is hung, dugo tuturo traces of pero an dila dire maneuver the Speak there the (kun hain an kremin, crime napupugngan ship but never whatever one bloods drips adto an ebidensiya) committed (naglalata bisan a human wants to say nanu) being An dila wara tul-an The tongue is The tongue An malimpyo nga (an dila mayumo, flexible it can burabod dire naawas has no bone A clean well A pure heart bisan nano nalalata) say anything sin marigsok will not give a has good Even if you tie (an maupay nga Bisan higutan karne dirty water deeds a piece of kasingkasing, an bado deri meat to her maupay an buhat) hiaabutan san ayam Very fast clothes, a dog Basuni sa dughan, (malaksi mangiwa- Thorns buried When a can’t catch mabantad ngani kiwa) in the heart, person is her nagawas ta. once touched, provoked, Suksuk la bukatkat, When one (pag nabantad an pain will his/her ayaw la pag lingat Hide and seeks masuol sa kasing-kaisng, eventually resentments

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Proverbial Comparison in Proverbial Comparison in Catubig’s Folk Vernacular Catubig’s Folk Vernacular Speech Speech Translation Meaning Translation Meaning naiguguwas an tinago outburst will be Purtuna purtuyo nga problema) released (an tawo an Life is what Man seeks his nagtutumuyo san are seeks own destiny Manipis an dughan kanya kapalaran) pero tinago an No matter Whenever ngatanan The heart is how thin is the Kun diin kakukulpi night (bisan manipis an thin, but hides heart, it can didto hahapon overcomes a Vagabond dughan kaya everything hide all the (lagalag) person, there magtago san pain s/he will stay problema) Kun hain an katitirok Wherever An kasingkasing san The true didto sasangot people are tawo nakikita sa The heart of Gossip emotions of (an mga istoryador gathered, kanya pamayhon the person is mongers the person adto kun hain an there a (kun nano an inaabat mirrored in can be seen istorya) person drifts san tawo nakikita sa the face in his/her face kanya kahimo) You can Matutugkad mo pa an Bisan an burabod fathom the No one can Man goes up lawod pero dire an nahupa Even springs depths of the read the and down in huna-huna san tawo (kayamanan dry up ocean but not minds of life (dire mababasa an nauubos) the mind of a people isip san tawo) An tipasi deri naduok person Palay grains Men pursue sa manok do not go women, not Mapaid ka kun pag You will (an lalaki an near in the other way agi-an mo man sympathize Putting nangurngurba sa chicken around (masabot ka sa with others oneself in the babaye) kanan iba gin-aagian only when you shoes of An pantalan dire The dock will A person kun mag-agi ka man experience others naduok sa barko not go near should pursue liwat) their situation (an may tuyu mao an the ship his intention Nasuit ka, sayo ka You criticize naduok) liwat nga suruitan others yet you Don’t judge An masupon, A person who (nagpipinagdon, yourself A person who others sinusupunan man condemn saragdunan man should be criticizes, will (an nanlilibak, gin- others will be liwat) criticized be criticized Bisan nanu nga lilibak man) condemned Hidden pagtinaguon, nalutaw No secret can secrets will gihapon be kept for Natatago an It is easier to always (waray sekreto nga long kayamanan pero dire be rich and Your actions surface an kapobrehan naughty, it is speak about nahitatago sin maiha) A (nakikita sa kiwa san difficult to be your status in Kun magbusag an When the circumstance tawo an kanya estado poor and not life uwak crow turns that is to sa kinabuhi) grumble (dire possible) white happen Napupugngan an A baha, pero dire an Kun magbukad an When the Love is circumstance gugma No one can bayo pestle bears stronger than that is to (makusog an stop love (dire possible) flower any obstacle happen paghigugma kaysa An saging nga sab-a san baha) dire nagsasaha sin A “saba” plant Hinay, dagmit, datong No matter kusta Like father, (mahinay man Either slow or how fast or will not sucker (an mga manok like son a “lakatan” malaksi madatong fast, you will slow, you will nasupo/nasusog san gihapon sa reach home still reach your kag-anak) distinasyon) destination Wara hubag nga dire There is no No secret can nagbubusod boil that does be kept (waray sekreto nga not burst forever dire nahibabaruan) Table II. PRESENTS THE COLLECTED SPEECHES WERE CLASSIFIED WISE SAYINGS

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Wise saying in Vernacular Wise saying in Vernacular Catubig’s Folk and its meaning Catubig’s Folk and its meaning Speech Speech Translation Meaning Translation Meaning Kanan tawo An hataas an paglarang, kanan inisipan, Man God has the Dyos pag-ulang ginpapahabubo san The exalted Man must be proposes, final say to (an Ginoo an may Dyos are humbled humble God disposes everything pagbuot san (an tawo kinahanglan ngatanan) magpamainubsanon) Kun sin-o an imo Makabari bayo, Friends Can crack a Able to do kauropod mao man makasampod bato Tell me who influence pestle, can even the most an imo binuhatan (nahihimo bisan your friends one’s break a stone difficult task (kun nanu ka nga nanu) are and I’ll tell behavior; peer tawo nakikita doon No matter who you are influence is Bato batiles napagis, how hard the san imo mga Stones when dominant sa tinurotabigis heart of the kasangkayan) continuously An dire lumingag sa (bisan nanu katigha person, with Respect for scratched will ginikanan, dire sa kasingkasing, sa your A person who parents is become hingangadto sa sige sagdon nayumo continuous does not look what matters, smooth kakadtuan ta gihapon) advice it will back to his otherwise a (an tawo nga dire surely soften origin will not man cannot narespeto sa kag- Mas matam-is pa reach his find realization anak dire matutuman mamatay nga plans of his plans in natindog sa It is sweeter an mga kaladnganan It is better to life kamatuuran kaysa to die for the sa kinabuhi) die than to live mabuhi pagbinuwa truth than to An asin kun natab- in lies (mabuhi nga live in lies ang na, anagay na When salt Don’t cling to magpabilin sa ipilak losses its a relationship kamatuuran) (an relasyon kun saltiness, that has gone Remove the waray na upay, ayaw throw it away to the rocks Tanggala an imo speck of your na pag-awili) Look not upon kalugaringon nga eyes before An tawo nga natindog the sins of sa lugaring nga siki, Individuals muta antis mo you remove Independent others but nahibabaro mamaagi who can panhimutaan an iba the speck of individuals look upon (an tawo nga stand on their (kita-i an imo sala your learn to live your own nahibabaro magsayo, own feet can dire an sala san iba) neighbor’s their life eyes nahibabaro sa find ways kinabuhi) An bata dire duha an Kun ginbalong ka If a person A child reared pag-ataman kay bato, balunga sin throws a Do good to in two A child who nagduduha an tinapay stone at you, others even if different grows up with pamatasan (kun ginpasul-an ka, give him they hurt you environments two parents, (an nadako sa duha balusi sin kaupayan) bread will grow up in has two kinds nga kag-anak, duha two different of attitude an nahihibaruan nga Pag may gintanom traits may aanihon Be prepared pamatasan) You reap Train the child (kun may gin-andam, save for the Bata pa, pikog-pikog Discipline what you sow the ways s/he may makukuha pag- future na kay kaarog your child should go; abot sa panahon) matigha na while young. s/he will not (mentras bata pa, Don’t spoil Tikadto pala kam, You are about stray from Experiences disiplinaha na) your child. tikang na ak didto to go where I while he lives is the best (daan na ak amo just came Ngain man an kuto teacher mahihibaro pala) from kakadto kun dire sa Head lice will Everything will ulo always stay in return to its Hope is (an bisan nanu nga buhi the head creator/origin Ilob la ngan laumi Endure, mabalik san ginikanan) always there (may paglaom an perseverance Magluglangit an No matter No matter for those who nag-iilob) and hope balong, sa tuna how high the how high you endure pagdudumatong stone is cast are, you will

www.jmest.org JMESTN42353556 12843 Journal of Multidisciplinary Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST) ISSN: 2458-9403 Vol. 7 Issue 10, October - 2020 2. Folk speech express general truths and Wise saying in Vernacular observation about life and human nature. Catubig’s Folk and its meaning Speech 3. These saying or expressions collected still Translation Meaning hold true today. (bisan nanu kahitaas into the air, it still fall down 4. Proverbial sayings and comparisons have mabalik la gihapon sa will fall back variations but they share the same theme. ilarom) to the ground 5. Proverbial sayings and truisms prove that the A sweet- social group perception is to show what is right and Matam-is an dila san tongued liar A liar is wrong. makapanday iti can always always a 6. Folk speech is learned through friendly (bowaon) forge chicken trouble maker conversation, arguments among parents, children, and dropping disagreement among sibling, other members of the You cannot An bulos waray sukol household and neighbors. Vengeance measure the (dire matitimbang an cannot be consequence 7. Discipline through wise sayings gives a person patok san imo measured of what you a sense of security. ginbuhat) did 8. People use images such as animals in putting Lakaw tigsap, into words their observations and judgment to a mayumo ngani Try and try If it is difficult particular person or thing. dayuna until you stop; if it is 9. Most people in Catubig live a simple life as (kun makuri ayaw succeed easy go on ipadayon, kun masayon reflected in the folk speech. ipadayon) 10. These folk literatures continue to survive and An tawo nga A person who live because it is frequently used by folks in the rural matagam, sugad sin is prepared Be prepared areas and have become part of their culture. daan nga maaram knows what (andam) will happen This modest collections resulting from the conduct Do not believe of this study reveals that the town of Catubig has a rich Ayaw pagtuod lakin Do not believe and do not oral literature and is abundant in natural knowledge buwa, ayaw at all maybe it and wisdom. The researcher realized it when she say it is not panhimuwa is not true, do always had additions to the collections from the time true if you do (ayaw pagtuod o not say its she started gathering the data. In some instances, the panhimuwa san not have false maybe it researcher found some difficulties in extracting from nahibabatian kun dire enough the memory of the informants the exact information sigurado) is true evidence needed for they hardly recalled those sayings when It is better they were prompted to do so unexpectedly. The linger on Gabay la mag-iha sa informants told the researcher that those sayings come women’s Do not indulge suso ayaw la sa baso out naturally if needed in a particular situation such as breast, but not in drinking (Imnon dayon an tagay) giving advice, giving comments on a particular person in the shot or event. For that reason, the researcher decided to glass provide some liquor for them to be vibrant. An tawo nga may gin- hunahunaan, may A person who A person who After the study, the researcher learned that gindudumatungan has plans in plans ahead, folk speech, particularly proverbial sayings, not only (an tawo nga may life will surely will have a serve as a disseminator of traditional wisdom, pangarap may have a bright good future knowledge and apparent truths handed from kabubuwason nga future ahead of him generation to generation but it also used when they maupay) deliberately run out of words to express certain views Natamod sa linaw, and beliefs. Furthermore, folk speeches are Stares in a You have the napatay sa uhaw intentionally used to advise, emphasize moral and clear water resources yet (yaon ka ethical recommendations. Moreover, the use of folk but dies in you don’t use ginkukuhaan, pero speech is highly effective in conveying one’s thought. thirst them dire mo ginagamit) Folk speech was acquired from their parents, grandparents, friends, relatives, and other whom they associate with in the community. They acquired these After the study, the researchers were able to come folk speeches through casual or ordinary conversation up with the following findings: or arguments arising from parents and children, among 1. The people’s primary reason in using folk siblings and among neighbors and friends. speech is to render advice to others especially to the young ones, and to give judgment based on their observation. REFERENCES

www.jmest.org JMESTN42353556 12844 Journal of Multidisciplinary Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST) ISSN: 2458-9403 Vol. 7 Issue 10, October - 2020 [1] R. Habla, R. Li, and P. Poralan, [4] E. Eslit, “Filipino folklore revisited,” “Strengthening and Preserving Practices of Philippine unpublished. Folk Dances in Relation to Cultural Awareness of [5] ML. Lopez, A Handbook of Philippine Secondary Students of Davao City,” UIC Research Folklore. Diliman, Quezon City: The University of the Journal. 18. 10.17158/328, 2014. Philippines Press, 2006. [2] B. Ehondor, The Concept of Proverbs as A [6] D. Untivero, Protecting Our Filipino Heritage, Theoretical Category in Communication in Africa, 2017. 2017. [3] D. Eugenio, Philippine Folk Literature: The Proverbs. Quezon City. The UP Folklorist Inc, 1995.

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