POULTRY PLUIMVEE BULLETIN

INCUBATION AT HIGH ALTITUDES 54 RABOBANK’S POULTRY REPORT 49 FEBRUARY 2015 VOL 4 ISSUE 2 THE CHALLENGE OF FREE-RANGE The offi cial mouthpiece of the South African Poultry Association DUCKS 29 Die amptelike mondstuk van die Suide-Afrikaanse Pluimveevereniging Founded 1904 | Gestig 1904 LANDBOU SORG 38 ROSS Credits

Poultry Bulletin | Pluimvee Bulletin Published by: Subscription rates: Free to members; non-members Suid-Afr ikaanse Pluimveevereniging. R465.00 p.a. South Afr ican Poultry Association. Intekengeld: Gratis aan lede; Nie-lede R465 p.j. Printed by: Colorpress (Pty) Ltd, 6 Prop Street, Selby, Jhb. Editor: Cameron Mackenzie - [email protected] Offi cial mouthpiece of the South Afr ican Poultry CEO: Kevin Lovell - [email protected] Association. For private circulation only. Advertising: Louisa Nel - advertising@ sapoultry.co.za Design and Layout: Jelliweb - [email protected] Amptelike mondstuk van die Suid-Afr ikaanse Subscriptions: Cynthia Ncube - [email protected] Pluimveevereniging. Alleenlik vir private verspreiding. Letters to / Briewe aan: [email protected]

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News, views, content and opinion in this publication does not necessarily represent the views/policies or positions of Physical Address: Wild Fig Business Park, Block C, the South Afr ican Poultry Association. 1494 Cranberry Street, Honeydew Ext 19 Postal Address: P.O. Box 1202, Honeydew, 2040, Nuus, standpunte, inhoud en menings in hierdie publikasie South Afr ica verteenwoordig nie noodwending die mening, beleid of Tel: 0861 Poultry or 0861 768 5879 or standpunt van die Suid-Afr ikaanse Pluimveevereniging nie. Tel: 011 795 9920 | Fax: 011 795 2590

February Issue 3 ROSS contents

05 Editors note 06 From the Desk 13 Broiler industry report 20 Industry well placed to survive recession Cheap oil to fuel demand 21 Nigeria feels the flu China says no to US poultry 22 Superbowl sees wings fly More bird flu outbreaks in China Elanco acquires Novartis Bullish outlook for US poultry 24 Forging ahead with the PDMA 29 The challenge of free range ducks 32 A new look 34 Don contributes to Clostridial enterotoxemia 36 Six years of power problems ahead 37 ‘n Kommerwekkende begin vir 2015 Capital for poultry bedding company 38 Landbou sorg 39 Record installations of breast cap filleting systems Grondplafonne ‘n politieke dagdroom 41 Taking production to another level 44 Getting ready for a working future 48 Vacancies 49 Today in the USA 52 Northern views 54 Incubation at high levels 56 AVI Africa official notice 59 A Page in Time 62 It’s your birthday 65 Aspiring Chef 66 Take a break

4 Poultry Pluimvee Bulletin Editors NOTE

necessary to serve you better pages, and its global snapshot can’t be under-estimated. of the problem, its footprint Similarly, the ground-breaking and the eff ects on worldwide studies on diseases and updates production and trade make for on their progress are well easy yet informative reading. worth a read, especially in It’s easy to forget that light of the scourge of Avian poultry is more than chicken, Infl uenza that’s breaking out eggs or a fl ock of ostriches. worldwide. There’s some Ducks are part of our industry valuable information in her too, so this month we’re column that’s aimed at us in pleased to shine the light South Afr ica, so don’t miss it. on the production of fr ee- Chris Mason’s column range ducks – an important, highlights the importance of nutritious and very tasty training in an industry where addition to our regular menu. knowledge really can make the Kevin’s From the Desk diff erence between success and highlights the trade matters failure, so have a look what’s as well as developments Cameron Mackenzie on off er – and how little it can within the SAPA member actually cost to get those skills organisations, so to keep up up to scratch. There’s also a with the thinking, simply turn ith a focus on great piece on the workplace of this page. the year ahead, the future that could help you Lastly, take a look at our the work of Dr get ready for it. regular news features, local Charlotte Nkuna, In addition to the latest and international. Even if you Wdirector of the SAPA funded production statistics fr om the never switch on a television, Poultry Disease Management US, our regular correspondent, open a newspaper or listen to Agency, continues to infl uence Professor Simon Shane, the radio, we hope that the and shape the local poultry analyses the Rabobank Poultry short stories here will give you industry and its future. If Report in some detail. It seems a good idea what’s going on there’s nothing else you read as if a resurgent Brazil has in our industry at home and on the technical side of our taken up the market in Russia abroad. publication, I urge you to take left vacant by EU and US Enjoy the read, and as a look at her regular column. imposed sanctions. Not to be always, feel fr ee to send me The work that’s done in left out, it’s understandable that your contributions, letters, equipping state vets with the Avian Infl uenza also features comments, brickbats and information and knowledge prominently in the report’s bouquets – all well received.

February Issue 5 From the DESK xamining the morality of fair trade, research is under the microscope, Eand strategy matters Dear Reader SAPA strategy that the necessary Committee engagement can take place over he lower oil price the next few months so we can he SAPA strategic is an unexpected bring the process to fi nality. change process went to bonus for all South This also means that any talk sleep over the holiday Afr icans and will of using a levy as an equitable period, partly because Thopefully have a positive funding mechanism will need Tof uncertainty as to where eff ect on disposable incomes to wait for a greater sense of the egg farmers were going to and consumer demand. One unanimity among members of fi nd their home. It seems as should be slightly cautious all persuasions. if the answer to this question though as the drop in the oil As much as possible, is a smaller egg organisation price is, at least partly, due to a expenses for 2015 will be with a reduced budget as well slowing economy in China and delayed while we go through as a restructuring of SAPA Europe, both of which could this realignment process. itself to give more specifi c limit demand for our various It doesn’t help to stop with attention to the egg industry raw material exports. Have fun everything though, so all as a whole. We’re hopeful while you can. members are going to need →

6 Poultry Pluimvee Bulletin to make their feelings known if for products unwanted in here. Fairness and equal we’re to succeed in delivering their home countries, often at treatment must prevail. services and reducing costs very low prices. I think our I think many of you will trade disputes are going to have been following the claims Trade continue for quite some time. by the USA that it is our The EU seems to have found poultry anti-dumping (AD) us a very nice destination for duties which are threatening here was no real their products with almost all the renewal of the AGOA holiday for the the bone-in portion imports agreement. Funny that in 14 various trade activities coming from the EU. If we years the Americans never that are underway. don’t deal with the EU, then thought to take our position to TThe provisional measures we’ve little hope of establishing the WTO for review as it is the against the EU have lapsed, a fairer trading environment. WTO who is the appropriate as expected, and a final As a rule of thumb, every forum to determine which decision by ITAC that can go 10,000 tons of imports equals actions are permissible. The to the Minister of Trade and around 1,000 direct and Americans seem fearful to Industry as a recommendation indirect jobs lost in South have their policies put under should be made in February. Africa. scrutiny. These same people The key point is that ITAC The HPAI outbreaks in say that the WTO has ruled still maintains that the the UK, the Netherlands and against China in a similar Europeans are dumping and Germany as well as in the USA matter. Codswallop. The WTO that we’re therefore within and Canada continue, with actually bemoaned the fact that our rights to make an anti- the one in the UK probably the WTO panel did not debate dumping application. One closest to being resolved. This the merits of the constructed expects another tirade of means that imports from these cost model which we use and half-truths, distortions and countries are still prohibited only focussed on a procedural miscommunications from the for health reasons and the loss failure by the Chinese importers and their supporters. of the provisional measures authorities where they failed In fact, the importers are is not a disaster. We need to to make out a detailed case now in the process of a court support DAFF in that their action to restrain the Minister treatment of these countries of Trade and Industry from should be no different to the authorising any such duties. way those same countries have We’re listed as a respondent treated us after the various and are quite obviously going ostrich outbreaks. We realise to defend the right of the this creates problems for the Minister in this regard. Until import of breeding material. such time as the application The only way around this is reaches court, we can’t disclose to establish compartments the details of their action, save that are recognised by the to say that we think that we’ll veterinary authorities of the be able to actively support the exporting country and by Minister. DAFF. This has been done by At the time of writing one based in the UK. It can this letter, the final import also be done for meat, so the figures for December aren’t yet main reason for the restriction available. Using November as a on meat exports is the failure guide, it appears total imports of the exporting countries to for 2014 will be slightly more follow the guidelines given by than in 2013, and a little less the OIE on facilitating trade than in 2012 (the highest in times of disease outbreaks. figure ever). What this means Their problems are as a result is that we still have a way to go of their lack of foresight and to deal with the use of South planning. We must not falter Africa as a disposal ground

8 Poultry Pluimvee Bulletin for the use of the constructed not criminal actions, or else it, we can prosper, improve cost model (there were a few there would be a good chance our competitiveness and other procedural failings, all that the political leaders of the create employment. Food is of which the Chinese have developed world might have to a local thing for most people rectified and AD duties against conduct their leadership from wherever you are around the USA are still in force). inside a prison cell. Financial the world. It is identity, it is Ultimately these actions criminals are treated this way; security, it is the basis of life. need to face up to the morality a pity we can’t have trade Thankfully, our government of trade. Can it ever be free criminals. is aware of these issues and if it isn’t fair? For those old Every time you import is trying to defend us from enough to remember the something you could make the rapacious actions of the flower power generation who locally, you take away the developed world. The struggle enjoyed the fruits of ‘free love’ incentive to make that product continues. (and often the consequences) here. The broiler industry still Our export drive for eggs would ‘free love’ have been so survives because it’s quite big and meat continues. DAFF called if both parties were not and is able to defend itself. have dedicated a person to help equally willing to participate? New industries don’t have open up markets and the dti We cannot change the dietary that luxury. Size is also no and DIRCO are also working habits of the developed world guarantee – witness the textile hard at this task. Charlotte - and we have no right to do and clothing industries. Ditto Nkuna is also progressing with so in any event - but should the automotive industry. The phytosanitary work to help 13% of the world’s population last car manufacturing plant make sure that we can comply be able to impose the effects in Australia is about to close with the requirements of the of their dietary habits on the down because the Australian importing countries. remaining 87% of the world’s government didn’t want to population? Hopefully, all clear continue subsidising local Research Matters headed people will say no. production as we do. Without Trade law infringements government support, many he committee that are, unfortunately I believe, industries are doomed; with monitors the work of the SAPA funded research Chair in TPoultry Health and Production met last month. Professor Abolnik will report on her own work, but I’d like to highlight her success in identifying a new strain of Mycoplasma not thought to exist previously. This could have a marked impact on our current control strategies. She’s also done good work to type the IB field strains to help make sure that the newly approved vaccines are still effective. Perhaps a number of readers get a glazed look when they see all the flashing lights and test tubes in a modern laboratory, but we’re fortunate to have a person of her calibre doing research on our behalf (with her team of about 8 students). As we want this work to continue for the

February Issue 9 medium to long term, we’ve between conventional cage economic climate doesn’t approached DST for assistance production and enriched cage allow for major production in funding. The response has production, so if any producer growth (by whosoever) and been very positive. The more wants to go into enriched cage that the industry derives its well-qualified poultry scientists production, they can market competiveness from scale. We we can produce, the better the the eggs as such, perhaps need to find specific markets general health of the industry creating a new niche market. where development projects is likely to be. We’ll try to meet with DAFF can succeed. Transformation In a similar vein, DAFF soon in order to understand of the current egg and broiler have approved their share of the perceived difficulties and industries will only give us a the funding of the new Chair see what solutions are possible. few hundred transformation in Risk Management. We are We’ll be meeting with opportunities. Creating specific part of the team that’ll advise senior DAFF officials and markets for smaller new on the appointment of this leaders in February to see if we entrants might give us a few person. You might ask what can progress the brining issue. thousand opportunities. This is this has to do with you? The It doesn’t help anyone for this probably not enough, as these answer is straightforward. to continue dragging on. It smaller farmers need space to Much of regulatory decision also doesn’t help to introduce grow so they can realise their work is now based on a regulations that are anti-poor. personal ambitions over time - measured assessment of risk We believe a decent solution and after a lot of hard work. – whether this be for local is in the offing. The consumer consumer food safety or for attitudinal research should General export requirements. There be underway by the time you is very little skill in this field read this letter and I hope that e are still fine- in South Africa, and if animal this will give new insights into tuning the industries want to be more consumers’ needs and wants. programme for effective exporters as well Avi Africa. A draft as more reliable suppliers Transformation Wversion will be placed on the of safe food, understanding website during February. The risk in a structured way is an he much heralded exhibition area is almost fully essential business skill. This Transformation sold out, and we think we’ve new position will help in this Committee has yet some good speakers lined up. A journey. to begin its work. decision on whether to hold a TThere are good reasons why banquet or not is pending, so if Broiler and Egg this Committee is delayed you’ve any views on the matter, matters in its work, but the urgency please let us know soonest. We to transform remains. We hope to see you there from 23 believe we’ve made one to 25 June at Emperors Palace. think most egg producers huge breakthrough with the Our new website will be up acknowledge that Gauteng government, who’ve and running by the time you regulations around partnered with us to establish read this letter. Please go to terms such as grain-fed, a viable developmental project site and give us your feedback Iomega -3 enriched, etc. are within Gauteng. This isn’t so that we can continue to a bit limited. Where they mere words as they’ve given us improve our services to you exist, they’re rather vague. quite a few million Rands to as members. The intranet DAFF are at one with us on get the project underway. The section, which is restricted this matter, and we’ve been key shift is that government to members, will have more working with them for some is prepared to partner with information on it which time to get better definitions us beforehand and not only we hope will make it more in place. For reasons we still come to us for support after worthwhile for you to visit. need to understand, they seem structures are on the ground. reticent to deal with all of the In all our transformative work, Regards until next month, changes we’d like. This is an we deal with two primary Kevin Lovell opportunity to distinguish constraints: that the current CEO

10 Poultry Pluimvee Bulletin

12 Poultry Pluimvee Bulletin Broiler Industry REPORT

LEASE NOTE: As a result of SAPA re-addressing the industry broiler breeder standards as mentioned in earlier reports, the following was found: P• Monthly returns by day-old broiler chick producers indicate that at hatchery level the potential forecasted chick production, based on the number of day-old parent pullets placed, is not realised although the gap has closed considerably. • Broiler industry results from 2009 to 2013 have been revised. Hatchery returns of actual day-old broiler chicks placed and the projected broiler production based on these figures will be regarded as a true reflection of the industry performance.

isclaimer: information in this report reflects assumptions and also actual data. The projections presented in the report are based upon specific production standards and Dindicate historic and forecasted trends only.

February Issue 13 Executive Overview: Broiler breeder ˆock million broiler chicks per week was 1 650 less (-0,01%) than in Broiler Industry – breeder flock of 6 611 September 2014 and 978 100 October 2014 200 hens is forecasted more (+5,3%) than in October for February 2015. 2013. This will be 23 400 1.1 Broiler Breeders Aless (-0,4%) than the January 1.3 Broiler Production 2015 flock but 69 500 more Day-old parent pullets placed (+1,1%) than February 2014. Actual production: n average of 191 200 8,6 million broilers were day-old parent pullets 1.2 Broiler Chick produced per week in was placed per week Placements October 2014. This was in October 2014. 451 600 (-2,4%) less than AThis is an increase of 13 600 Actual placement: 1in October 2013. pullets (+7,7%) compared to In total 82,3 million broilers the number of pullets placed roiler hatcheries were produced during October in September 2014 and 7700 produced 88,2 million 2014; 1 999 700 (-2,4%) less more (+4,2%) than the number day-old chicks in than October 2013. placed in October 2013. October 2014. The Baverage placement of 19,6

Table 1: Comparison Of Broiler Production Standards Since 2003

2003 2006 2008 2011 2013 Introduced: Aug 1997 Aug 2005 Jan 2007 Oct 2011 Jan 2013 Fully implemented: Aug 2001 Jun 2006 Nov 2007 Sep 2012 Nov 2013 Broiler Breeder Flock: Mortality to 20 weeks of age: 3,5% 6% 6% 5,6% 5,6% Laying Cycle: 20 weeks to 63 weeks 63 weeks 61 weeks 61 weeks 61 weeks Mortality during the laying 12,4% 12,4% 11,5% 8,5% 8,5% cycle: Broiler Breeder Performance Hatching eggs per hen housed: 151,1 152,5 148,4 151,6 153,7 Broiler chicks produced per 126,2 124,7 119,5 124,2 128,9 hen housed:

14 Poultry Pluimvee Bulletin Table 2: A comparison of the same broiler production standards at week 60:

2003 2006 2008 2011 2013 Introduced: Aug 1997 Aug 2005 Jan 2007 Oct 2011 Jan 2013 Fully implemented: Aug 2001 Jun 2006 Nov 2007 Sep 2012 Nov 2013 Broiler Breeder Flock: Mortality during the laying 11,8% 11,8% 11,3% 8,45% 8,45% cycle: Broiler Breeder Performance Hatching eggs per hen 144,6 145,8 146,1 149,2 150,8 housed: Broiler chicks produced 121,3 119,6 117,8 122,4 126,9 per hen housed:

2. Broiler Production WEEKLY BROILER PRODUCTION PER MONTH Graph 1

20,0

19,8

Graph 1: Average number of 19,5 broilers slaughtered per week. 19,3 19,0 Graph 2: Actual broilers B R 18,8 O produced - average/week. 18,5 I Graph 3: The monthly year L 18,3 E 18,0 R on year movement in actual 17,8 S weekly production 17,5 P 17,3 E In October 2014 actual 17,0 R broiler production decreased in 16,8 W 16,5 comparison to the same month E 16,3 E of 2013. K 16,0 Graph 4: The total number 15,8 15,5 of broilers slaughtered per Jan.2010 Apr.2010 Jul.2010 Oct.2010 Jan.2011 Apr.2011 Jul.2011 Oct.2011 Jan.2012 Apr.2012 Jul.2012 Oct.2012 Jan.2013 Apr.2013 Jul.2013 Oct.2013 Jan.2014 Apr.2014 Jul.2014 Oct.2014 Jan.2015 Apr.2015 annum.

Graph 5: Year on year % Forecast based on parents placed Based on actual broiler chicks hatched change in supply and price. A % change > 0 indicates AVERAGE BROILER PRODUCTION PER WEEK growth in the current month (BASED ON ACTUAL BROILER CHICKS PLACED) Graph 2 compared to the same month Millions 18,500 of the previous year. A 18,265 % change < 0 indicates a B 18,140 R decline in the current month O 18,036 I 18,000 compared to the same month L E of the previous year. R 17,753 S

P R 17,500 2.1 Depopulation of O D U Layers C 17,189 E D

17,000 Graph 6: Monthly depopulation of broiler parent hens at 61 weeks of age.

16,500 2010 2011 2012 2013 To Oct 2014 YEAR

February Issue 15 YEAR ON YEAR CHANGE IN ACTUAL WEEKLY ←Graph 3 BROILER PRODUCTION TO OCT 2014 2 500 000

2 000 000

1 500 000

C H 1 000 000 A N 500 000 G E 0 I N -500 000

N U -1 000 000 M B -1 500 000 E R -2 000 000

-2 500 000 Jan.2010 Apr.2010 Jul.2010 Oct.2010 Jan.2011 Apr.2011 Jul.2011 Oct.2011 Jan.2012 Apr.2012 Jul.2012 Oct.2012 Jan.2013 Apr.2013 Jul.2013 Oct.2013 Jan.2014 Apr.2014 Jul.2014 Oct.2014

↓Graph 4

ANNUAL BROILER PRODUCTION (BASED ON ACTUAL BROILER CHICKS PLACED)

Millions 1000

948,4 950 940,4 T 925,7 O T 896,3 A 900 L

B R 850 O I L E 793,2 800 R S

750

700 2010 2011 2012 2013 To Oct 2014 YEAR

% CHANGE IN ACTUAL BROILER PRODUCTION AND BROILER ←Graph 5 PRICE (VARIATION ON SAME MONTH OF PREVIOUS YEAR) 25

20

15

10

% 5

C H 0 A N -5 G E -10

-15

-20

-25 Jan.2010 Apr.2010 Jul.2010 Oct.2010 Jan.2011 Apr.2011 Jul.2011 Oct.2011 Jan.2012 Apr.2012 Jul.2012 Oct.2012 Jan.2013 Apr.2013 Jul.2013 Oct.2013 Jan.2014 Apr.2014 Jul.2014 Oct.2014

% CHANGE IN VOLUME % CHANGE IN PRODUCER PRICE (INCLUDING OFFAL) % Change in PPI Deflated Price

16 Poultry Pluimvee Bulletin Graph 6 TOTAL BROILER PARENT HENS DEPOPULATED PER MONTH (4 OR 5 WEEKS PER MONTH

725000 721 075 720 366

700000 H 689 750 E 677 899 N 673 696 675000 S

P 647 101 647 482 648 072 650000 646 082 E R 628 741 625000 M 617 502 O 603 953 N 600000 T H

575000

550000

525000 Nov 14 Dec 14 Jan Feb 14 Mar 15 Apr May 15 Jun 15 Jul 15/5wk Aug 15 Sep 15 Oct 15/5wk 15/5wk 15/5wk

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February Issue 17 Trust our pedigree

PEOPLE PEDIGREE PASSION PURPOSE PROCESS PROMISE

Meadow Feeds is the trusted supplier of high quality feed to Southern African livestock producers, and has been since 1942. Our unrivaled experience and expertise has earned the trust of generations of farmers who bring wholesome meat, milk and eggs to your table. meadowfeeds.co.za Trust our pedigree

PEOPLE PEDIGREE PASSION PURPOSE PROCESS PROMISE

Meadow Feeds is the trusted supplier of high quality feed to Southern African livestock producers, and has been since 1942. Our unrivaled experience and expertise has earned the trust of generations of farmers who bring wholesome meat, milk and eggs to your table. meadowfeeds.co.za Inter- national NEWS potential market deflation that could result in lower chicken re we facing a prices. However, lower input costs as a result of cheaper feed prices were likely to offset global recession? As lower prices, thus maintaining profitability. Add to this the bird u comes closer falling oil price as well as A genetic improvements in chicken that produce higher to home, how healthy are meat yields and the prospects for recession-proof poultry, poultry industry prospects? this year anyway, are not that difficult to predict.

Cheap oil to fuel Industry well placed renowned economist Dr Paul Aho, speaking at the recent demand to survive recession International Production and Processing Expo in Atlanta, ith US oil n the event of a global Georgia, said although there is production at recession, the poultry potential for a global recession, its highest in 30 industry is well placed he believes that the poultry years, a glut of to sustain itself until industry will be “okay”. Wsupply on world markets, oil Iconditions improve. Ominous indicators, producers unwilling to cut In an overview on US including the increasing value supply, and a fall in demand domestic and global drivers of the US dollar together with due to poor economic growth for the poultry sector in 2015, financial instability, point to in several key economies,

20 Poultry Pluimvee Bulletin the consumers. and therealwinners, for producers, retailers mean betterprospects where low oilprices looks settobeayear consumers’ pockets. more moneyonthe constant, leaving are likelytoremain meaning interest rates course, oninfl ation, food arena–andof the pressurein together work to ease example, thatall and packaging, for – inenergy, transport other droppingprices lead toacascadeof prices shouldalso into highervolumes. generally translate And lower prices the end-consumer. lower foodpricesfor hopefully leadingto the supply chain, its way through eventually work should theoretically lower fuelprice chicken. likely tobuy more means shoppersare money inthepocket income. Andmore consumers’ disposal potential increasein petrol pricesmeansa poultry industry? this meanforthelocal the pumps, whatdoes the priceofpetrolat into welcome dropsin for mostof2015. look settobewithus record low oilprices Allinall,2015 Lastly, afallinoil Secondly, the Firstly, lower As thistranslates I A fr om8 January. country witheff ect stock, fr omthat including breeding products, and egg unprocessed poultry processed and ban onallimported has imposed ablanket as aresult. who’ve suff eredlosses to compensate farmers government planning aff ected,withthe birds have been of thousands later in2007. human deathayear and recordeditsfi rst bird fl uback in2006, economy fi rstdetected Jigawa andGombe. Plateau, Imo,Oyo, Rivers, Delta,Edo, in Kano,Lagos,Ogun, virus hasbeenfound is reportedthatthe notwithstanding, it Their besteff orts contain thedisease. fr antically to authorities scramble seen thatcountry’s fl uin Nigeria has to USpoultry China says no the ˆu Nigeria feels Having → So far, hundreds Afr ica’s biggest in theUSA,China Avian Infl uenza the outbreaks of n areactionto H5N1 bird pathogenic of highly n outbreak registered 36of1947. underAct Vectormune® HVT-NDV Reg. No:G4030is Website: www.ceva.co.z Fax: +27(0)11312-4092 Tel: +27(0)11 312-4088 Reg. No. 1973/016009/07 Ceva Ltd Animal Health (Pty) every chicken. every homogeneous protection for Vectormune® NDV – HVT • • • rely on: With vector vaccine thisHVT you can Compatibility withTransmune® C.H.I.C.K Program ovo Convenience vaccination through in hatchery and local) Fast onsetofbroad (Humoral, immunity cellular orday oldmonitored by Ceva protection againstNewcastle disease... a Together, beyond health animal ... in1shot Long-lasting

uppe marketing A12028 experienced outbreaks of More bird ˆu our customers trust, while H5N2 and H5N8 recently significantly investing in the in California. Oregon and outbreaks in China development of new solutions.” Washington state, the ban on Going forward, Elanco imports is likely to hurt the US number of further will significantly increase industry, as exports of chicken, highly pathogenic investment in research and turkey and duck products bird flu outbreaks development, bringing greater amounted to US$ 272-million have been reported in breadth and depth to an from January to November AChina, with two cases of H5N2 already strong pipeline. The 2014. reported in Chinese Taipei. combined organisation will The US Department of Following the deaths of three have expanded capabilities Agriculture has emphasised chickens in Pingtung Country, and expertise with a broader that no bird flu has been 120,000 chickens are now portfolio of more than 100 detected in commercial flocks, reported to be susceptible to product development projects. and claim that the action of contracting the virus. the Chinese authorities is Another five outbreaks in Bullish outlook for US on contravention of World duck and geese farms means Organisation for Animal more than 26,000 birds have to poultry Health guidelines that suggest be destroyed. a regional approach be taken to t the recent minimise the effects on trade. Elanco acquires International However, this has been Production and contradicted by the discovery Novartis Processing Expo in of the H5N8 avian influenza AAtlanta, Georgia, all indications strain in a commercial turkey lanco has finalised the are that confidence levels are flock in California after acquisition of Novartis running high, particularly samples from the flock were Animal Health, creating in the poultry sector, where recently tested. The facility a new global leader many companies are said to be has been quarantined, with Ein animal health focused on looking to invest. the remaining birds culled to delivering increased value and Ed Wood of CSB-System, prevent further spread of the innovation to the industry. said lower fuel prices were virus. The acquisition follows leading to greater disposable Elanco’s purchase of Lohmann income, with some of that Superbowl sees Animal Health in 2014. Both being spent on food. strategic investments position “If you’re not making wings ˆy the company to offer a more money in poultry right now, diversified product offering then you never will,” he said, he recent USA and capabilities to help adding that investment across Superbowl football customers sustain and grow the sector was good. championship their businesses. This includes in Arizona saw the flagship Elanco brands Tunprecedented sales of chicken plus a comprehensive portfolio wings as fans of the game ate of nearly 300 therapeutics, an estimated 1,25 billion across vaccines, parasiticides, the country. antimicrobials, surgical, With an audience of more enzymes, food safety and more. than 100 million people tuned “Elanco’s acquisition of in, the surge in demand saw Novartis Animal Health brings prices increase by 11% month- together two strong companies on-month in January. with a passion for serving the customers,” said Ignacio Lanza, Area Director: Turkey, Middle East and Africa. “We will continue to offer the products

22 Poultry Pluimvee Bulletin

Forging ahead with PDMA t is only the beginning the knowledge will assist of 2015, and already them when dealing with their at the Poultry Disease day-to-day poultry matters. Management Agency, Another group of 7 will be Iwe have been hard at work going through training in following up on the projects February, taking the total fr om 2014 and starting new number of vets trained to ones in 2015. This is exciting 54. We are looking at a for us since we will be able to specifi c programme for the provide you with the results newly employed state vets fr om the work we initiated. in the provinces. We would Here follows an update on like to appeal to you to some of the projects. feedback to us whether your experiences when dealing Training of State Vets with the State Vets in your areas have improved since we started with training. We also he fi rst group of encourage you to consult the 7 State Vets has PDMA website for the list of already completed all the State Vets who have their training at gone through the training By Dr Charlotte Nkuna TOnderstepoort. As usual, programme, should you still they found the training encounter problems when to be benefi cial and the dealing with the State Vet in feedback fr om them is that your areas.

24 Poultry Pluimvee Bulletin Poultry Vets Contact On the 17 February 2015 of meat products of various a session will be held on production facilities. The DAFF Session new local development on VPH will be adopting this Mycoplasma and also to sampling and testing protocols n order to ensure that the establish an antimicrobial for their own surveys. trained State Vets continue resistance working group A study is planned for to access more information in light of the outcomes of sampling of eggs at both formal on poultry, we organise the Antimicrobial Resistance commercial and informal Ithe contact sessions between Summit that was hosted by commercial sectors. This private and state vets. These the Department of Health in study will aid in setting the sessions are also instrumental October 2014. Future plans national baseline for bacteria in getting the private and state for these two groups will be and antibiotics as well as the vets to interact as colleagues, communicated in due course. antibiotic resistance in eggs. thereby making their future The baseline will be used dealings with each other much Microbial and to determine the sampling easier. protocol for eggs and the A workshop on Surveillance Residue Monitoring bacteria that need attention. and Risk Analysis is planned Programmes This will assist with the for 16 February 2015 to serve DAFF National Monitoring this purpose. The topics for programmes for eggs. The ignificant progress has discussion will be surveillance, study will be conducted in been made in this area. outbreak investigations, Gauteng to reduce the cost. The The testing of the broiler epidemiological surveys, DAFF DAFF will be co-funding some sampling protocol at 3 surveillance programmes, of the tests, particularly the Sabattoirs has been completed. on-farm surveillance, and as residues and the antimicrobial The data is being analysed introduction to risk analysis. A resistance tests. and will be instrumental total of 45 veterinarians have in drafting the minimum confirmed their attendance. requirements for sampling

February Issue 25 The ostrich case should be a good indicator of what the consequences are likely to be. We urge you please to be vigilant and investigate any unexplained high mortalities on farm. Also familiarise yourselves with your local State Vet office and how one would be required to interact with them should an outbreak occur.

Research Chair in Risk Analysis

s reported previously, funding has been secured to establish a Research Chair in SPS ARisk Analysis. The DAFF and the NRF have agreed to fund Disease reporting and any spikes in disease incidences the basic amount for the Chair. and also to be able to alert the The industries will be expected mapping producers of possible risks to provide funding for the in your areas. We really need ongoing projects to keep the his is an area of focus your cooperation in this regard Chair going and also to fund for the PDMA for if we are to act swiftly in the students who will be trained 2015. In light of the unfortunate event that an under the Chair to build the current Avian Influenza outbreak hits the country. national risk capabilities. It is Toutbreaks on almost all the Not to be forgotten a great opportunity for us as continents, it is crucial for the are the implications for an industry to carry out work industry to start taking disease exports, especially to those that has already been envisaged reporting and monitoring companies that export even to but could not be done due to seriously. There is no doubt neighbouring countries. If an the high cost implication, such that an outbreak for Highly outbreak occurs in chickens, as work on imports, endemic Pathogenic Avian Influenza will then the country can forget diseases, zoonotic diseases, to be devastating to the industry. about any exports to other name but a few. However, what will be even continents for a long while. more devastating are delays in the detection of the virus and therefore the response to a possible outbreak. The DAFF has placed a ban on poultry imports from the following countries: The Netherlands, Germany, United Kingdom, Canada and the United States of America. The PDMA will be working with the laboratories to start monitoring and mapping these diseases to be able to pick up

26 Poultry Pluimvee Bulletin www.bigdutchman.co.za Innovation by experience.

Big Dutchman SA Pty Ltd P.O. Box 276, Edenvale 1610, Tel. (011) 452 1154, Fax (011) 609 4908, [email protected] 28 Poultry Pluimvee Bulletin The challenge of free range DUCKS By Jacques Claassen

←Heidrun and Thomas Wenhold with one of their Peking ducks

aving spent his childhood days on a tobacco farm near Kroondal in the vicinity of Rustenburg, former civil engineer Thomas Wenhold (47) grabbed the opportunity when his father-in-law offered him to join him on his Hduck farm in the same area.

February Issue 29 Apart fr om stiff competition They employ 50 staff Ducko Processing tries to against imports fr om the Far members – 15 on the counter it by doing value- East, especially fr om China production side and 35 in adding. and Thailand which sometimes the abattoir, which has a “We process our meat in constitutes dumping, duck slaughtering capacity of 1,000 order to be able to supply some farmer Thomas Wenhold of ducks a day. According to of our clients with ready-to- Ducko Processing in Northwest Thomas, ducks grow much cook products. Although the Province regards winning slower than broilers, are more retail market for duck meat the paper war as his biggest diffi cult to slaughter, and have is currently still fairly small, headache. The paper war he a limited niche market. most of the retailers prefer refers to includes compliance “We import day-old ducks fr esh meat.” to the ever growing demands for breeding purposes fr om Ducko Processing by government, business France or Britain in order distributes its products and diligent customers for to breed our own fl ock of through supermarkets and supplying a safe and high commercial ducks which are wholesalers throughout quality product. slaughtered aft er they have South Afr ica. According to “I actually prefer being reached an age of 49 days.” Thomas their main market is outside on the farm in order The ducks are being fed a in Gauteng, while they also to determine where I can special grain mix which gets do business on a lesser scale improve production. I also fi nd processed on the farm into in most other provinces. They sales more challenging than pellets. Thomas points out that sell whole ducks as well as all production,” says Thomas, who feed costs are their main input other cuts, duck fat and various luckily for him, is assisted cost, while cheap imported other value added products, by his wife Heidrun. “We meat remains their biggest while they also supply meat to have equal stakes in Ducko challenge. restaurants. Processing, which is a closed Aft er Thomas studied civil “We try to deliver the best corporation.” engineering at the University possible quality duck meat to They farm Peking ducks of Pretoria, he worked in his the local market and to provide because it is the best breed for profession for ten years; during in the needs of our customers. the production of duck meat, those years he was part of the We have a couple of delivery while these birds also produce team designing access roads to vehicles and deliver on a daily neat white feathers. At any the Katse dam in Lesotho. basis.” given moment they have a But then he had the Thomas and Heidrun strive fl ock of approximately 30 000 opportunity to join his father- not to allow their business birds. Ducko Processing is one in-law, Hermann Reiners, on to stagnate, but to expand by of only two duck producers the 125ha farm Modderfontein being innovative according in South Afr ica that produce in the Kroondal farming area. to the growth and demand of on such a scale, while there Hermann started the business their customers. are also a handful of smaller in the 1970s aft er he had When Thomas is not producers. immigrated to South Afr ica producing ducks, he likes Being a producer of fr ee- fr om Germany. Aft er Thomas to keep himself fi t through range ducks, they house only 4 and Heidrun moved to the practising various sporting ducks/m² inside the houses and farm they all farmed together disciplines. He likes jogging, 2 ducks/m² outside. According for fi ve years before Hermann swimming and playing to Thomas, this is far less birds retired. tennis. per square meter as compared Thomas points out that the to the stock density used by farm derives 90% of its income broiler producers. During the fr om selling duck meat, while day, the ducks can graze in the remainder comes fr om camps adjacent to the poultry using the down and feathers houses on grass which gets to manufacture duvets, pillows irrigated during the night. and sleeping bags. Shade is also provided in these Because demand for duck camps. meat in South Afr ica fl uctuates,

30 Poultry Pluimvee Bulletin WINNER OF

GOLD PACK WORLDSTAR AWARD FOR PACKAGING A new LOOK

hat comes  rst – the chicken or the Wegg?

owards the end of of the callers I spoke to just last year, the DPFO know about chicken, having offi ce received a seeing them live in a cage for number of calls fr om sale. They have absolutely no Tpeople at diff erent levels of idea what it takes to raise it income wanting to enter to the age it is taken to the By Moses Modise into a business of some sort. market. When I start asking I hope these people weren’t probing questions, they began looking into catching up for pulling out. The idea is not the December demand of live to scare them but to make chickens. I took some time to them understand what they’re talk to some of them to really getting themselves in to. A try to understand if they’re lot of people, and to some sure or have knowledge about extent Government offi cials, the industry. Around 90% think that poultry farming

32 Poultry Pluimvee Bulletin - especially broiler in production for 10 production - is a months, and you can quick moneymaking sell them aft er the scheme. I also asked production cycle at a them if they have good price, especially ever been in a broiler when you’re house house before, or if clearing or bringing they’ve ever checked in new stock. A the market trends good time for this is about the product. around Easter and Some talk about in December. A lot government tenders, of rural folks carry but when asked R1 and R5 in their about the abattoir, pockets, and also give they switch off . In it away to fr iends and the conversation I relatives. With that also ask them about power in their pocket, layers and how they they can approach a gauge making money. farmer selling eggs No business comes and buy two to six easy; one has to do eggs. They are quick thorough market to prepare for a relish research and evaluate (time and energy the environment. savers). As a farmer, I grew up in rural you have three days areas and to date, in your hand to sell as nothing much has long as you’re putting changed. Electricity your eggs in a clean, is unreliable and cool place. According water supply is to research, 63 % of non-existent, except eggs are sold at the that water pipes are farm gate. Eggs are buried underground, not only for cakes which is witnessed and breakfast, but as by standing taps with a household you can no drops coming out. impress your visitors My observation is that with an egg menu for especially in a rural lunch and supper. setting with the above Aft er all, farming challenges (I’ve just is business, and one mentioned a few of needs to have passion, them), assuming that identify a market all other production niche, and allocate factors are taken care enough time and of, if one receives dedication to your matured birds, the enterprise. chances of losing them in large numbers are minimum. If given feed as required, one stands a chance of getting eight eggs fr om ten birds per day. They will remain Poultry SCIENCE By Professor Simon Shane

DON contributes to flocks. Studies conducted at Clostridial the University of Ghent in Enterotoxemia Belgium1 confirm that the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) can act synergistically t is possible to reproduce with Clostridium perfringens necrotic enteritis to produce a severe form of under controlled necrotic enteritis. A controlled laboratory conditions by trial was conducted which Iadministering a toxigenic strain involved comparing a non- of Clostridium perfringens to infected control diet with diets broiler chickens. Investigation containing Cl. perfringens of causal factors shows that the with and without DON at occurrence of acute clostridial levels of 2,880 micrograms/ necrotic enteritis and more kilogram to 4,380 micrograms/ moderate ulcerative enteritis kilogram. Both prevalence is associated with nutritional rate and severity of lesions and environmental factors. were proportional to the level Starvation, sudden changes in of DON and the treatments diet composition or physical receiving the mycotoxin form, wet litter and mild were more severely affected coccidiosis have been shown than broilers fed a diet to precipitate outbreaks of contaminated only with Cl. enterotoxemia in commercial perfrigens.

34 Poultry Pluimvee Bulletin The research study in chicken diets is also demonstrated considered to be that DON reduced 5,000micrograms/ the height of villi in kilogram, the duodenum. This reassessment of would be expected to the toxicity of this reduce the efficiency mycotoxin is indicated of absorption of from the results in nutrients. the trial conducted Trans-epithelial Incorporation of an electrical resistance, effective mycotoxin- which is a function binder in the feed in of epithelial integrity, the presence of DON was compromised or other mycotoxin by feeding a diet contaminants should contaminated be considered with DON. It was when clostridial hypothesised that enterotoxemias leakage of protein are encountered into the lumen of the or suboptimal intestine contributed performance is to proliferation of recorded. Clostridium and elaboration of toxins. References: The same mechanism has been hypothesised Antonissen, G. et for the effect of al. The mycotoxin coccidiosis which deoxynivalenol results in damage predisposes for to the mucosa with the development consequential release of Clostridium of protein and cellular perfringens induced debris into the necrotic enteritis. lumen2. PLOS One. September The implications 30th 2014. DOI for producers 10.1371/Journal. experiencing seasonal pone.0108775. or recurrent outbreaks Shane, S.M. et of necrotic enteritis al Etiology and are self-evident. pathogenesis of In addition to the necrotic enteritis. management and Veterinary Research dietary modifications Communications. normally taken to 9:269-287. (1985) suppress proliferation of Clostridium spp. in the intestinal tract, attention should be paid to the presence of DON and other mycotoxin contaminants in feed. Since the no- effect level for DON Local NEWS

t’s time to mitigate risks of a future without power, personal safety and Isecurity of farmland

Six years of power deteriorated significantly to increased unplanned problems ahead maintenance resulting from increased breakdowns. The gbiz reports that breakdowns are again the a recent Business result of a major planned Unity South Africa maintenance backlog that has delegation met with developed in its “attempt to AEskom recently for an update keep the lights on” at all cost. on the present status of the Eskom is going to begin electricity system in South a stepped up maintenance Africa. As most South Africans programme, but this going to are now aware, electricity leave the grid short of at least generation and supply has 3000MW over the next three

36 Poultry Pluimvee Bulletin months at least, meaning load shedding during this period is guaranteed. This will only worsen as with the onset of winter. Agbiz advises those in agribusiness, especially those using electricity in the cold chain or processing, to implement power strategies to lessen the risk posed by outages, irregular supply, all of which are likely to be with us for the next 6 hyears at least.

‘n Kommerwekkende begin vir 2015

ie onlangse vlaag plaasmoorde is ‘n skokkende en Je— Miller and Jill Holloway, Shavewood Bedding CEO kommerwekkende Dbegin vir 2015 met onmeetbare hartseer en ontsteltenis vir aanvaarbare vlak af te stuur. om gemeenskappe te help talle gesinne, families en Agri SA bedank die polisie beveilig. Dit sluit in die toepas gemeenskappe. Agri SA wat in die meeste gevalle reeds van die plaastoegangsprotokol betuig sy meegevoel met die beweerde misdadigers wat Agri SA met die naasbestaandes van dié van die onlangse voorvalle owerheid onderhandel het; slagoffers. Die wye voorkoms aangekeer het. Tog bevestig ‘n versigtiger interaksie van geweldsmisdade waaronder huidige omstandighede die met vreemdelinge wat die veral die landbou lei, spreek noodsaak vir ‘n effektiewe plaas besoek óf met werkers van ‘n gemeenskap waarin polisiemag wat die landelike waarmee die boer onbekend daar ernstige tekortkominge beveiligingstrategie met die is; die monitering van die met die uitleef van waardes nodige erns implementeer. beweging van vreemdelinge is, soos respek vir andere se Dit sluit in die uitrol van die in ‘n gebied met behulp van ‘n lewens en eiendom en die hersiene reservistestelsel en valhekstel; en die gebruik van siening wat klaarblyklik by gereelde plaaspatrollies as deel sekuriteitstoerusting. kriminele bestaan dat misdaad van sigbare polisiëring. Nouer ongestraf kan bly. Agri SA samewerking tussen die polisie, Capital for poultry glo dat die meerderheid van die boerderygemeenskappe Suid-Afrikaners dié situasie en onderlinge kommunikasie, bedding company verwerplik vind en graag kan ook bydra om huidige misdaadvlakke onder beheer te omstandighede wil ervaar enture capital bring. waar veiligheid en sekuriteit company Grovest has Plase en kleinhoewes is om nie daagliks ‘n oorheersende made a substantial verskeie redes sagte teikens vir bekommernis is nie. investment in misdadigers, meer so wanneer Die aard van die onlangse VShavewood Bedding, the dit deur bejaardes bewoon misdade toon aan dat dit nie Carolina-based pinewood word. Daarom is groter met enkelvoudige oplossings shavings manufacturer. paraatheid op huishoudelike reggestel kan word nie. Jeff Miller, CEO of Grovest, vlak en betrokkenheid by Daarom is beide kort- en believes the present supply gemeenskapsbeveilingstelsels, langtermyn optrede nodig om of shavings sourced from soos plaaswagte, ‘n vertrekpunt dié tendens te stuit en na ‘n factories, mills and agricultural

February Issue 37 waste no longer offers the Met gunstige produksie- op voedselprysinflasie te hê. scientific poultry farmer a omstandighede en die swakker Een van die bydraende faktore suitable bedding solution. Rand kan hierdie vermoë en tot hierdie tendens is die With the introduction of prestasie van die bedryf in afname in die brandstofprys. environmental controlled 2014 en 2015 verder verbeter. Uitgawes aan brandstof beloop poultry houses that ensure Die reënseisoen was tot op 14 persent van landbou se healthy chicken production, hede oorwegend gunstig intermediêre uitgawes en bedding must be manufactured vir akkerbouproduksie. aanduidings is dat onlangse to protect the chicks. Besproeiingsboerdery, wat 25 en verdere prysverlagings The manufactured poultry persent tot die waarde van hierdie koste-komponent bedding solution is a result of landbouproduksie bydra, het kan verklein. Die res van die several years of research by ook goeie vooruitsigte. Damme voedselwaardeketting het egter Shavewood, assisted by AFGRI is landswyd gemiddeld 80 ook ’n bydrae te lewer om die Poultry, poultry veterinary persent vol en in van die groter koste-voordeel aan verbruikers experts, pharmaceutical stelsels is die situasie selfs deur te gee. manufacturers, and by a meer gunstig. Voortgesette investering is SANAS accredited laboratory. Verbruikers kan uitsien seker die beste waarborg vir The result is a performance- na ‘n verlangsaming en selfs volgehoue voedselsekuriteit based, economical, consistently afname in voedselprysinflasie. en volhoubare mededingende reliable fumigated shavings In November 2014 was produksie. Terwyl daar product comparable with voedselprysinflasie nog uitdagings is wat die anything in the world. 6.5 persent, maar die bedryf moet oorkom om sy produsenteprysindeks vir mededingendheid te handhaaf Landbou sorg landbou, bosbou en visserye en terselfdertyd groter bydraes was 2.3 persent. Laasgenoemde tot transformasie en die

behoort binne enkele maatskaplike opheffing van m sekerheid oor maande ‘n dalende invloed werkers en hulle gesinne genoeg en voedsame kos te hê is ‘n groot bate vir enige Oland, meer so vir ‘n diverse samelewing soos dié van Suid- Afrika. Die DuPont verslag toon aan dat Suid-Afrika die Afrikaland met die hoogste vlak van voedselsekerheid is. In dié maatskappy se 2014 globale voedselsekerheidsindeks vergelyk Suid-Afrika se 61.1 punte goed met die van sy BRICS-vennote. Indië staan op 48.3 punte, China op 62.2, Rusland op 62.7 en die voedselreus Brasilië op 68.1. Die meeste Afrikalande behaal op die indeks tussen 30 en 40 punte. Ontwikkelde nywerheidslande gee die toon aan met meer as 80 punte. Die plaaslike landbou is ook ‘n suksesvolle mededinger in uitvoermarkte. In 2013 is R72.5 miljard se landbouprodukte uitgevoer, wat R15.2 miljard meer is as landbou-invoere.

38 Poultry Pluimvee Bulletin te lewer, is daar vertroue in cap weights into a variety of the majority of the die toekoms van die bedryf. of high-quality, high-yield pneumatic components by Dit blyk onder andere uit boneless breast fillet items. sensors and PLC control has die toename van 8.4 persent Marel Stork Poultry made the system even more in die waarde van belegging Processing’s new product flexible and even cheaper in landbou die afgelope jaar, holder for the AMF-BX to run. It is now possible to gerugsteun deur ‘n 10.1 persent FlexControl handles a wider program different module toename in die waarde van range of breast cap weights, settings for different sizes grond en verbeterings en 9.9 runs 20% faster and delivers of breast cap. These are put persent in dié van masjinerie, better end products. The holder together in a menu accessed implemente en voertuie. Dis has a longer positioning finger from a touch screen sited at ‘n positiewe tendens waarop allowing it to accommodate the system itself. The touch daar voortgebou moet word om larger breast caps, while a screen also gives invaluable Suid-Afrika ‘n nog beter land fixing ball replaces the fixing information to production vir al sy mense te maak. pin, ensuring every breast and maintenance departments cap is clamped straight and allowing them to manage Record installations firmly to the holder. This helps the system and making for downstream operations such optimum uptime and low cost of breast cap šlleting as halving, making it possible of ownership. systems to set halving blades closer together and increasing fillet Grondplafonne ‘n yield. he number of AMF- As part of the fillet politieke dagdroom BX breast cap filleting separation module, an eye meat systems installed separation unit automatically ie ANC se worldwide has passed trims off eye meat. The fillet standpunt dat T500, attributed to its ability to separation module can be die besit van de-bone a wide range of breast supplied with a unit to trim off plaasgrond tot abdominal fat for attractively “Dtwee plase per eienaar asook presented breast fillet products. ‘n maksimum van 12 000 Revenue earning by-products hektaar beperk moet word om like breast skin is removed in grondverdeling te bespoedig, one piece with its structure is vir die landbousektor totaal intact, suitable for use in onaanvaarbaar en kan die recipes for further processed ekonomie en verbruikers items. tot groot nadeel strek. Dié The breast tendon verklaring gister deur die harvesting module removes sekretaris-generaal van the breast tendon from the top die ANC, Gwede Mantashe of the keel-bone and scrapes na afloop van die party off any meat remaining on the se lekgotla, bring ook die sides of the keel-bone, which is geloofwaardigheid van die then collected for further use. huidige raadplegingsproses The AMF-BX system’s tussen die Minister van modular set-up allows users Landelike Ontwikkeling en to produce a wide range of Grondsake, Mnr Nkwinti, en different skin-on and skinless rolspelers in die bedryf oor ‘n breast fillet items. Being able pakket van praktiese maatreëls to move modules easily in and om van grondhervorming out of line makes changeover ‘n sukses te maak, in die from one breast fillet item to gedrang,” sê Johannes Möller, another quick and easy. president van Agri SA. The introduction of menu In sy reaksie op dié control with the replacement aankondiging verwys Möller

February Issue 39 na verskeie gebeure en verteenwoordig, het gesê ooreengekome werkswyses hulle sal ook in gesprek wat betrekking het op die tree met die departement gronddebat en nie met hierdie oor veral die grondplafon- beleidsuitspraak versoenbaar voorstel. “Ons is nie ten is nie, insluitend die Nasionale gunste van grondplafonne Ontwikkelingsplan en die nie. Dit sal onsekerheid in die NAREG-konsultasieproses. landboubedryf teweegbring.” Mnr Mantashe het in sy Hy het gesê Agbiz is nie teen verklaring toegegee dat die grondhervorming nie, maar grondwetlikheid van dié daar is beter opsies. ANC-voorstel nog uitgeklaar Thomas Walters, moet word. Dit is ‘n vraag DA-woordvoerder oor wat eerder vroeër as later landelike ontwikkeling en beantwoord moet word omdat grondhervorming, het gesê ‘n afk euring daarvan onnodige die ANC se populistiese is noodsaaklik om die verdere spekulasie daaromtrent voorstelle is ’n erkenning nalatenskap van apartheid wat sal uitskakel. van sy mislukking om grondeienaarskap op grond van Dr. John Purchase, hoof grondhervorming behoorlik ras beperk het te herstel. Dit van Agbiz, die sakekamer in werking te stel. Die DA moet egter werkskepping en wat landboufi nansiers het gesê grondhervorming beleggings ondersteun.

Multiple Tiered cages available as single units or custom-built to fit requirements. Supplied complete with automated feeding- gantry or chain feeding systems. Manure removal and manure handling conveyors and also available. Horizontal self locking gates. Standard trought thicknes of .8mm, and available in 1mm. One Nipple and drip cup per partition. One Five ltr. header tank including float valve per tier. Wire thickness 2.5mm. Cages are available in starter units and follower units, accommodating, 100 Commercial Layers per Two Tier, 150 Commercial Layers per Three tier and 200 Commercial Layers per Four Tier Cage.

37 RIDGE ROAD, LASER PARK, HONEYDEW, EXT.15, 2170, P.O.BOX 2495, HONEYDEW, 2040 SOUTH AFRICA. TEL: +27 (011) 7944880/+27 (011) 7944728 FAX: +27(011) 7941961 POULTRY EQUIPMENT EMAIL: [email protected]

40 Poultry Pluimvee Bulletin Taking production to another LEVEL or successful poultry production, the equipment of a poultry house plays a Fcritical role

oultry house systems knowledge about poultry a positive way? These, and should contribute to the Systems that support the other crucial questions, must performance of animals, natural needs of animals and be answered during the ensure convenient are used in the right way development of new systems. Pworking methods and save increase performance. The Take for example the design labour. A long system lifespan design of housing systems of a laying nest. Hens prefer to also ensures maximum results like materials, shape and lay their eggs in a shielded and for the long term. Additionally, arrangement of parts must dark environment. By taking all systems should reinforce be developed on the basis of this and other knowledge and connect to each other. The poultry knowledge. How do into account, comfortable and complete picture has to be poultry behave? What materials attractive laying nests can be right. do poultry prefer? How can designed that affect the nesting Design techniques based on behaviour be influenced in behaviour in a positive way.

February Issue 41 efficient processing of eggs is an egg transport system, with egg packer and palletising or setter tray robot. The egg transport system brings eggs safely out of the house and transports them to the central packaging area. Here the eggs are packed into trays or setter trays. A palletising or setter tray robot places trays accurately onto pallets or into containers. The quality of the eggs is preserved and more eggs can be produced per hour. Labour saving, Premium nest with breeder quality eggs and fast processing are the results. By approaching poultry Knowledge about the benefit the nest visit. production with an overall vulnerability of eggs has In addition to many view, you can take it to contributed to sanitary nests other factors that determine another level. Make sure your and an exact measured roll performance, the lighting equipment and management distance from the eggs to the scheme also plays an important skills are not just good, but egg belt. The nest therefore role in daily routine and laying excellent. contributes to the sanitary behaviour of poultry. The article above is an edited condition and quality of Efficient production version of a piece supplied by eggs. The results of poultry Excellent performance of Christina van Harn of Jansen farmers that produce with poultry is one important aspect Poultry Equipment and is systems of this nature show for success. Another factor is reproduced here with permission. that this design works. The the efficiency of production. quality of eggs is excellent. For example, a solution for The hatchability of eggs is very high. And hens prefer to lay their eggs in the nests. Managing systems on the Flexbelt egg transport system basis of animal knowledge Also responsible for the behaviour and performance of poultry are the drinking and feeding lines, ventilation and light. Incorrect placement of feeding and drinking lines for example may lead to an increased amount of floor eggs. Feeding lines in front of the laying nest block the access to the laying nest during feeding. Drinking lines in front of the nests, on the other hand, attract birds to the nests. Ventilation is also of great importance for performance. Drafts in the nests do not

42 Poultry Pluimvee Bulletin WEWE FEE FEEDD

SOSOUTHUTH AFRIC AFRICA’SA’S FA FAVOVOURIURITETE CH CHICKEICKEN N

wwwwww.epol.co.z.epol.co.za a Getting ready for a working FUTURE By Christopher Mason

ne minute I was up of a mixture of training Development Corporation about to embark on specifi c and general SAPA (IDC). I shall be placing the my annual leave and matters as my role within report onto the SAPA website the next I was back SAPA has changed. once the report has been Oin the offi ce. Well, we are now fi nalised. in the grips of a New Year and SAPA industry survey the festive mood has changed DAFF Funded to that of daily life routines he industry survey compounded by unfortunate Training to determine the issues such as load shedding, perception of SAPA which is rapidly instilling itself he second round of members and key as part of our daily routine. DAFF funded training Tstakeholders about SAPA’s I have no doubt there shall for small farmers will roles and responsibilities has be many challenges facing commence in the fi rst been completed. This project our industry this year, not Tquarter of the year. DAFF have was made possible through to mention those facing the kindly raised the amount we funding through the Industrial country. My report is made can use to R1,5-million for

44 Poultry Pluimvee Bulletin the training of 250 farmers Legislative Training alerted us about the attempted over a period of two years. The fraud, please accept our sincere purpose of the project is to: thanks and gratitude. • Train and build capacity o responses to of emerging poultry farmers my call for input Is SA ready for the • Contribute to the on the possibility Presidential priority of running workplace of the • Address the food Nlegislative training have been future? insecurity problems among forthcoming. I shall put this rural people on hold for the time being and • Equip farmers with I require your feedback as to By Brett Parker, MD of SAP the relevant information on whether you would like me Southern Africa. poultry production so that to relook at the possibility of they can produce good quality running courses in the second he world of work poultry products half of 2015. is changing rapidly • Enable emerging - but South African poultry farmers to compete AVI Africa companies just aren’t in the domestic, national and, Tresponding fast enough to the where possible, international rapidly shifting trends, which lanning for AVI Africa market. means they’re losing out on 2015 is at an advanced major opportunities to grow stage. This year’s slogan and capitalise on rebounding SAPA Management is “Better together as markets and economies around Ppartners”. This year’s event Training the world. will run from 23 to 25 June That’s the bottom line of and will be held at Emperors the recently-released Oxford meeting with the Palace. The online registration Economics Workforce 2020 KZNPI took place for AVI Africa is proving to be study, which found that at a earlier this month popular so visit our website, time of tremendous change to discuss the follow the link and save in the workplace, many Atraining program for 2015. The yourself some time and money. businesses are struggling with viewpoint is that demand for 2015 Events Planner managing talent, cultivating the courses on offer through The 2015 events planner leadership, encouraging SAPA has declined and a and meeting schedule has been learning, and understanding decision is still pending as to finalised and has been placed their employees. whether the courses should be onto our website for your By 2020, we’ll see offered in 2015. convenience. multiple generations working The courses in question are: Fraud Warning together, with different • Broiler Management In December one of our skills, experiences, habits, • Breeder Management AVI stand holders received and motivations. Growing • Commercial Layer an invoice from SAPA with numbers of these workers will • Hatchery Management altered banking details. It is be freelancers and contractors, • Supervisory apparent that someone had rather than full-time Management intercepted our mail and employees. Fully 80% of South • Management or Poultry took the liberty of trying to African companies say they are Health defraud the organisation. increasingly using consultants I urgently need your input Please note that SAPA has not - but only 27% believe that this on whether these courses changed its banking details requires changing HR policy. are still relevant to your and in the event of it ever The study, which was requirements. In addition to doing so, a formal notification commissioned by SAP, this should you have specific from the SAPA accounts highlights the top trends course requirement please mail department would be sent out affecting South Africa’s me at christopher@sapoultry. to the respective organisations workforce. Topping the co.za. notifying them of the change. list is the number of so- To the stand holder who

February Issue 45 called millennials entering doing enough to develop the A significant percentage of the workforce (59 percent), next generation of leaders. companies offer the rewards followed by the globalisation of Why does this matter? 44% of and compensation that the labour supply (54 percent) executives say their companies’ employees actually value. The and changing work models (43 expansion plans for growth research highlighted the factors percent). Surprisingly, one of markets will remain limited that help foster employee the top challenges is finding unless the right leadership is loyalty and engagement within enough employees with base- in place. their companies, including level skills (40 percent). It’s not through a shortage higher compensation, more Ironically, at a time when of talent, either. There’s a comprehensive benefits, and there’s more technology in the veritable flood of bright, assigning mentors to staff. Not workplace than ever before, motivated millennials coming surprisingly, more than half of like analytics and cloud-based through the ranks - and employees polled say higher computing, there simply aren’t they’re not as disruptive as compensation would increase enough skills to use it properly. some would have us think. loyalty and engagement with The study found that less than We read much about how their current job. half (42%) of South Africa millennials are different in What’s clear is that in the employees get ample training their use of technology, social next six years, every business on workplace technology - networks and attitudes toward in South Africa will need to and less than a third (31%) work, but the Workforce find new ways of working, actually get access to the latest 2020 study shows they are communicating, collaborating, technology. surprisingly similar to their and innovating. And it’s not What do these findings non-millennial co-workers just millennials changing mean? Fact is, the current when it comes to workplace everything – it’s all of us. But need for technology skills like priorities. Compensation is we’ll need to respond quickly data analytics, cloud, mobile viewed as an important benefit to make the most of our and social media is only for both millennials (60%) and opportunities. going to grow in future. This non-millennials (65%); both This article was published means that both employees millennials (39%) and non- on the Skills Portal Website and businesses alike stand to millennials (33%) prioritise the www.skillsportal.co.za on the benefit from better training meeting of their income goals. 28 January 2015. and education opportunities. Another worrying trend to We simply don’t have emerge is the fact that many KZNPI Poultry enough people with the right South African employees are skills today, but the answer is concerned about their jobs. Courses – January to not necessarily to go out and They feel that there are not June 2015 find them in an increasingly enough opportunities for competitive global market: advancement in their careers, we need to spend more time that their positions are either hese informative and money in developing the changing or becoming obsolete courses are all held talent we already have within and that the staffing levels at the KwaZulu-Natal the organisation. We should be at their companies are not Poultry Institute, “growing our own timber”, so adequate. TBisley, Pietermaritzburg. They that when an employee resigns, Although executives in are highly recommended for someone from within will be South Africa may realise new-entrant poultry farmers, ready to take over - but this is they need to manage diverse, extension officers, supervisors not happening enough. mobile, multi-generational and trainee farmers / farm The study also points to employees, this report shows managers. They provide an a crying need for leadership they don’t have the structure, excellent grounding into the development in South African strategy, culture, and resources “why” and “how” of poultry businesses. Both executives to do so. The gaps between production disciplines. and employees agree that in workforce needs and company Unless specifically general, leadership is lacking, capabilities are tremendous. requested, all courses are and local companies are not It’s not all bad news, though. offered at NQF Level 3 (Grade

46 Poultry Pluimvee Bulletin 11/12) and training is conducted can be arranged for group a “special” over January and in English. Applicants must bookings at NQF Level 1. February 2015 of 25% discount be able to read and write Course notes are in English on training fees only. For in English and operate a and isiZulu. Competency at further information contact the calculator. Candidates Level 1 is assessed on practical KZNPI on 033 342 2814 or via complete written assessments. assignments. email [email protected]. Training in isiZulu or English The KZNPI are holding

KZNPI Poultry Courses – January to June 2015

KZNPI COURSE CALENDAR January – June 2015

Course Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Course fee

Poultry Production 2 - 6 2 - 6 4 - 8 1 - 5 R4,000

Commercial Layer Production 5 - 9 23 - 27 18 - 22 R4,000

Broiler Production 5 - 9 R4,000

Poultry Business Skills 2 - 6 20 - 24 1 - 5 R4,800

Supervisory Skills for Poultry Producers 16 - 20 4 - 8 R6,200

Broiler Breeder Production 23 - 27 R4,000

Hatchery Management 2 - 6 R4,800

Poultry Record keeping 16 - 19 8 - 11 R3,200

Management for Poultry Health 20 - 23 R3,500

Marketing your Poultry Products 19 -21 R3,200

Pullet Rearing 13 - 16 R3,200

Fees include daily teas and lunches (simple menu), all training materials and certificate

All course fees include VAT

Further short course dates will gladly be arranged on demand for group bookings

All courses start on Monday morning at 08:30

We reserve the right to change course dates

If there are less than 7 applications for a course, it will be carried forward to the next date VACANCIES

Sales Manager for degree or diploma Managers in Nigeria • Further sales training a large feed mill in would be an advantage. For our Agrited Yola Farm • 3 years proven track KwaZulu-Natal (Adamawa state, Nigeria) record within the sales • Poultry Breeding field is required The ideal candidate would Deputy Manager • Knowledge of the be responsible for: (Immediate position) animal feed industry is • Managing the sales a key requirement function For our WP Farm (Oyo state, • A good understanding • Setting prices and Nigeria) of business principles managing margins • Hatchery Manager • Excellent interpersonal • Monthly reporting and (Immediate position) skills feedback on sales • Negotiation skills • Managing and For commercial turnkey • Presentation skills motivating sales staff projects (position from the • Assertive with a high • Controlling marketing second half of 2015) degree of self- expenditure • Poultry Broilers Farm motivation • Participating in Manager • Be computer literate strategic planning • Poultry farms building • Have full command of • Participating in setting Manager English and Afrikaans and achieving the sales For more information, The position will be based budget contact Rod Simpson, The in Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu- The successful candidate Poultry Information Centre, Natal. The Company offers must meet the following telephone 082 853 5701, or a competitive total cost to requirements: email [email protected]. company salary package. • Preferably have a relevant agricultural

48 Poultry Pluimvee Bulletin Today in THE USA By Professor Simon Shane

Rabobank Poultry Report abobank talks bird an-Dirk Mulder, a well-regarded and u while production prominent agro- economist affiliated continues apace Nwith Rabobank, has issued the 4th Quarter Poultry Report R for 2014. He concluded appropriately that Brazil their production. cluster in British Columbia will continue to be a major The Rabobank Poultry and as yet only one backyard force in international broiler Report correctly notes that the flock in Oregon, in the U.S. production. increase in exports from Brazil It appears that appropriate The USDA Gain Report will be fueled by the import early detection and control issued in August 2014 projects ban on the U.S. and the EU of what is an exotic disease that exports from Brazil in imposed by Russia. It is noted will reduce the impact on 2015 will expand to 4.02 that the retaliatory embargo production although trade million metric tons up 11.7 on importation from the EU will be affected. Compliance percent from 2014 and will has impacted the industry in with OIE Rules relating to represent 30.2 percent of total Russia. The nation is reliant compartmentalisation and production. In comparison the on imports of breeding stock transshipment through affected U.S. will produce 18.01 million and even hatching eggs from areas should ameliorate metric tons of broiler meat the Netherlands and other EU restraints to trade. Some in 2015 of which 3.36 million nations. nations either through metric tons or 18.7 percent The report makes extensive ignorance or a desire to protect will be exported. Argentine reference to the potential their domestic poultry industry is emerging as an important impact of avian influenza. use reports of avian influenza boiler exporter and will ship There have been isolated and as a justification to impose 0.4 million metric tons in 2015 localized outbreaks in four trade embargos. representing 18.6 percent of EU nations in addition to the The current outbreaks of

February Issue 49 H5N8 and H5N2 influenza average growth rate but has Research Service documented in the EU and in Canada are expanded only 0.37 percent a 2.8 percent increase in chicks attributed to contact with since 2010. The prospect of placed between November migratory birds that serve a “breakout” attributed to 2013 and 2014 to 732.96 as reservoirs. Intensifying lower ingredient costs has lead million. The actual number biosecurity can reduce the to speculators shorting the of broilers processed declined probability of infection among shares of the public-quoted by 1.7 percent as live weights confined flocks. Poultry flocks producers who are also the increased 1.0 percent to 2.76 maintained under non- top-ranked integrators, namely kg per bird. The strength confined housing systems Tyson Foods, Pilgrim’s Pride of demand can be inferred are extremely vulnerable to Corporation and Sanderson from the stock levels at the infection from wild birds farms. These three companies end of November 2013 and and accordingly free-range represent 47 percent of broiler 2014, which declined by 6.3 production may be disfavoured output based on birds per percent. Concurrently the in 2015. Naturally the entire week. In the event projections National Composite weighted situation will change if highly for increases in production are average wholesale price pathogenic avian influenza conservative and should be in increased by 3.7 percent and were to emerge in one of the balance with domestic demand the corresponding increases for intensive egg producing areas and exports. boneless/skinless breasts and in the U.S. or Brazil. The USDA Livestock, Dairy leg quarters were 5.3 and 8.8 Avian influenza in nations and Poultry Outlook released percent respectively. such as Egypt, Indonesia, on January 16th reported The USDA Broiler Market Vietnam and China is endemic USDA Projections for broiler News Report for January 16th and there is little likelihood production (see graph below). (Vol. 62:03) documented the of eradication. The infection is The USDA Eggs Set, Chicks wholesale prices for broiler suppressed in Mexico through Placed and Broilers Processed products in table 2. more diligent and effective Report for January 16th Economic Survey of the U.S. vaccination but it will be many documented: Poultry Industry years before any of the nations • Eggs Set week ending Jan- The U.S. Poultry & Egg with endemic avian influenza uary 10th - 213.97 million (Up Association (USPOULTRY), the can claim to have eradicated 2% from corresponding week National Chicken Council, the the disease. Given the role in 2013) National Turkey Federation, of migratory birds in the • Chicks Placed - 176,600 mil- and United Egg Producers epidemiology of the disease, lion (Up 3% from correspond- funded an economic study Mulder justifiably contends ing week in 2013 ) conducted by John Dunham & that avian influenza will be • Broilers Processed week Associates, documenting the a factor in both production ending January 17th - 165.15 contribution of the poultry and trade during 2015 and by million (Up 5% ) industry to the U.S. economy. extension for the foreseeable The USDA Economic www.poultryfeedsamerica.org future.

U.S. Broiler Parameter 2014 2015 (proj.) Difference (%) Production and Prices Processed Mass 17.54 18.01 +2.7 here has been (million m. tons) considerable Per capita Utilization (kg) 37.9 38.9 +2.6 speculation that injudicious expansion Exports (million m. tons) 3.33 3.35 +0.6 Tin the U.S. broiler industry would lead to lower prices and Proportion of production 19.0 18.6* -0.4 hence depressed profitability. (%) Since 2012, the industry *Incorporates import ban by Russia has attained a 2.0 percent

50 Poultry Pluimvee Bulletin National Composite Weighted Average for Whole Fryers R26.10/kg Georgia Dock: Product Line run tenders 48.95 Breasts (boneless) 49.65 Breasts (whole) 32.80 Thigh meat (boneless) 38.51 Thighs whole 19.48 Drumsticks 16.12 Leg quarters 13.11 Wings 41.88 Mech. Sep. Chicken 7.19( 15-20% fat, frozen) 5.91 (15-20% fat, fresh)

The significant values for pleased to be able to provide • Total* Contribution 2014 are as follows: Economic this valuable tool across the R5,358B Survey of the U.S. Poultry industry that demonstrates the *Total includes direct and Industry positive economic impact the indirect values applying The U.S. Poultry & Egg poultry industry has on our standard multiplier factors. Association (USPOULTRY), the communities.” Currency conversion $1 = National Chicken Council, the In 2014 the USDA Economic SAR11.4 National Turkey Federation, Research service documented In commenting on the and United Egg Producers U.S. poultry production as: data, John Starkey, president funded an economic study • Broiler meat - 17.54M mtons of USPOULTRY stated “We are conducted by John Dunham & • Turkey meat - 2.60M mtons pleased to be able to provide Associates, documenting the • Eggs - 5.74B dozen. this valuable tool across the contribution of the poultry • Direct employment industry that demonstrates the industry to the U.S. economy. 374,100 positive economic impact the www.poultryfeedsamerica.org • Total* employment poultry industry has on our The significant values for 1,776,300 communities.” 2014 are as follows: • Direct wages In 2014 the USDA Economic • Direct employment R252B Research service documented 374,100 • Total* wages U.S. poultry production as: • Total* employment R1,119B • Broiler meat - 17.54M mtons 1,776,300 • Supply chain • Turkey meat - 2.60M mtons • Direct wages R3,205B • Eggs - 5.74B dozen. R 252B • Total* wages R1,119B • Supply chain R3,205B • Total* Contribution R5,358B *Total includes direct and indirect values applying standard multiplier factors. Currency conversion $1 = SAR11.4 In commenting on the data, John Starkey, president of USPOULTRY stated “We are

February Issue 51 Northern VIEWS Dutch layer farms who have been operating below cost price for quite some time now. oo many eggs This is caused by a structural oversupply of eggs in Europe, means fewer hens which can be traced back to the European abolition of the battery cage as fr om January the only solution 1, 2012. All egg farmers had T to invest in more welfare- fr iendly types of housing. In North-western Europe, most farmers chose either the aviary t’s February 2015 and the type of housing, or switched Dutch poultry industry to fr ee-range chickens, whilst is licking its wounds. in the Southern and Eastern The immediate costs of European countries most Ithe Avian Infl uenza outbreak farmers opted for the so-called in the Netherlands for ‘enriched cage’, an option that zoning measures, culling of a is just enough to meet the couple of infected farms and minimum requirements. market restrictions during In any case, the new the outbreak period (mid housing regulations meant that November – mid December) egg farmers all over Europe totals fr om 49 to 56 million had to invest rather heavily Euros. in their farms. Quite a few Even though this is not of the smaller farms without even near the cost of the huge a successor decided that it AI outbreak in 2003, which was time to quit the business. amounted to over 300 million But in most other cases, the Euros, it is a heavy blow for remaining specialised farmers the industry. Especially for the expanded the number of hens

52 Poultry Pluimvee Bulletin STOP the Gumboro cycle with Transmune® IBD Protects against all Gumboro virus strains. in order to bear these feed; prices have costs. Which resulted been falling since last in an oversupply of summer. eggs in Europe, low Most other egg prices and very European countries small margins. are self-suffi cient for This market- eggs; except France disturbing pattern and the UK. In is still continuing. these countries, the The whole industry concept of fr ee-range is cost price-driven is not as developed and to lower the yet as elsewhere in cost price per egg, Europe. The Rabobank we tend to produce considers this still a even more eggs. marketing opportunity Breeding organisations for Dutch egg farmers. stimulate this also by For the UK as ‘cage developing longer- fr ee’ processed eggs, lasting lines of for France as fr ee- hens, which keep range table eggs. producing eggs. In the Creating and Netherlands, roughly developing new one thousand egg markets for eggs is farms produce over 10 the biggest challenge Transmune® IBD – higher billion eggs per year; at the moment. It’s vaccination accuracy and A12027 uppe marketing our self-suffi ciency either that, or cutting is 310 percent down on the number homogenous vaccine take and we’re mainly of hens. Actually, to relying on export. bring the balance back With Transmune® IBD you can rely on: Around 75 percent is between supply and • Full Gumboro control – blocks the bursa exported, especially demand of eggs in for all types of Gumboro virus strains to neighbouring Europe, the Rabobank Germany. But German advises strongly • Convenience through hatchery vaccination egg-production is to bring down the in ovo or day old monitored by Ceva slowly but steadily number of hens. That’s C.H.I.C.K Program growing so less Dutch the only structural • Compatibility with Vectormune® eggs are needed. This solution. And of HVT - NDV makes the Dutch course everybody in • 40 billion vvaccinatedaccinated broilers since 2006 egg industry very the industry agrees – vulnerable at the a great idea, as long moment. The only as it’s the neighbour light at the end of who cuts down on his the tunnel is the production! decreasing costs of Ceva Animal Health (Pty) Ltd Reg. No. 1973/016009/07 Tel: +27(0)11 312-4088 Fax: +27(0)11 312-4092 Website: www.ceva.co.za

Cevac® Transmune® Reg. No: G3457 (IBD virus) is registered under Act 36 of 1947. Together, beyond animal health Incuba- tion at high LEVELS

he effect of high altitude on hatchability and chick quality depends largely on the altitude at which the hatching eggs are produced - and how the hatchery manager adjusts the incubation programme. TBarometric pressure declines with altitude, as does the partial pressure of oxygen and absolute humidity. Because molecules move more freely at lower density, the overall diffusion of oxygen, carbon dioxide and water molecules through the pores of the egg’s shell is increased. Moreover, fresh ventilating air at altitude is usually colder and drier than at sea level.

54 Poultry Pluimvee Bulletin Oxygen availability increased diffusion, such that humidity set points should water vapour loss through the be lowered. The higher than eggshell at any altitude remains optimal weight loss (eg. 13–14 he reduced availability the same as at sea level (Rahn %) that results is preferred in of oxygen in a given et. al, 1977). Relative humidity this case. volume of air is set points for setter and C) Eggs produced at altitude: partially compensated Hatcher should be chosen with hatchery at sea level. Tboth by the increased rate of care. Generally, this will give diffusion of oxygen through good results. The set points for the shell, and by the embryo’s relative humidity need to be higher capacity for binding Three ‘altitude’ reduced to achieve optimum oxygen to blood haemoglobin scenarios weight loss, as the eggs have a (Dragon et. al, 1999). Oxygen reduced effective pore area. injection to artificially raise Eggs produced at sea the oxygen level to 23–25% level: hatchery at may improve hatchability, but altitude (1000 - 2000 Advice it is an expensive practice, meters). that increases fire risk in the AOf the three scenarios, this ine-tune relative hatchery. is the least desirable because humidity set points by it will definitely result in weighing trays of eggs Water loss reduced hatchability. Eggs before setting and again produced at sea level have a Fat transfer at 18-18.5 days. Exact t is reasonable to assume relatively large effective pore set points for relative humidity that the increased rate area and will therefore lose are dependent on a.o. altitude of diffusion at altitude more water at higher altitudes. and egg shell conductivity will produce increased To compensate, setters and (age flock, nutrition, genetics). moisture loss from hatchers should be operated Optimum weight loss for good Ithe eggs. However, evidence at a higher relative humidity. hatchability and chick quality suggests that breeder flocks This is best achieved by pre- is indicated in the table below. may adapt to altitude by conditioning the inlet air to Judge the size of the air cell producing eggs with a lower a relative humidity of 75 per as an indicator of weight loss. effective pore area, similar to cent, with a temperature of 24- Be aware of signs that the adaptation of wild birds to 28°C (optimum). At the same indicate insufficient weight altitude. This compensates for time, increase the ventilation loss and/or a shortage of rate from normal for sea level, oxygen during an egg breakout. to accommodate the reduced If too many wet, fully oxygen levels. developed embryos that fail to B) Eggs produced at same pip are observed, reduce set altitude as hatchery (1000-2000 points for relative humidity meters). and/or increase ventilation rate. In general this will give Ensure that humidity and good results. Ventilation CO2 sensors are calibrated for rates should be higher than altitude, or alternatively find normal for sea level, such that the correct set point to be used. the embryo is provided with This article was reproduced sufficient oxygen. During with the permission of Rod humid external conditions, Simpson of The Poultry increase ventilation, as Institute. Pas Reform welcomes humidity reduces oxygen your feedback on this article levels in the air still further. – and if you require any This higher ventilation rate additional information, please may cause reduced humidity don’t hesitate to contact them in the setters and hatchers. To by email at info@pasreform. avoid constant humidifying, com.

February Issue 55 SUID-AFRIKAANSE PLUIMVEEVERENIGING AMPTELIKE KENNISGEWING – KONGRES 2015 VOORLOPIGE PROGRAM Aan alle lede van die Suid-Afrikaanse Pluimveevereniging DINSDAG 23 JUNIE 07:30 Registrasie Uitgereik deur: Die Hoof Uitvoerende Beampte, Suid-Afrikaanse Pluimveevereniging, 08:00 Uitstallings open Posbus 1202, Honeydew, 2040. 08:30 Opening deur Ere President 08:45 Eier-Organisasie AJV 09:45 Braaikuiken-Organisasie AJV SAPV SE EIERORGANISASIE 10:45 Tee Hiermee word kennis gegee dat die 42ste Algemene Jaarvergadering van die SAPV 11:15 DPFO AJV se Eierorganisasie op Dinsdag, 23 Junie 2015 om 08:45, te Emperors Palace gehou 12:15 Middagete sal word. 13:30 Kuikenprodusente-Organisasie AJV Beskrywingspunte: Alle lede van die SAPV se Eierorganisasie mag beskrywingspunte 14:30 SAPV Terugrapporteringsessie vir die Algemene Jaarvergadering van hierdie Organisasie indien, tesame met ‘n 15:15 Tee geskrewe motivering vir oorweging deur die Komitee. Die Komitee sal na afloop van 15:30 Spreker 16:30 Kongres die Eierorganisasie se Algemene Jaarvergadering byeenkom. 18:30 Banket (sal bevestig word) Sperdatum: 28 April 2015 WOENSDAG 24 JUNIE SAPV SE BRAAIKUIKEN-ORGANISASIE 07:30 Registrasie Hiermee word kennis gegee dat die 42ste Algemene Jaarvergadering van die SAPV 08:00 Uitstallings open se Braaikuiken-organisasie op Dinsdag, 23 Junie 2015 om 09:45 te Emperors Palace, Parallel Sessie: Gauteng, gehou sal word. Praktiese Produksiesessie Beskrywingspunte: Alle lede van die SAPV se Braaikuiken-organisasie mag beskry- 08:30 Spreker wingspunte vir die Algemene Jaarvergadering van hierdie Organisasie indien, tesame 09:10 Spreker met ‘n geskrewe motivering vir oorweging deur die Komitee. Die Komitee sal na 09:50 Spreker afloop van die Braaikuiken-organisasie se Algemene Jaarvergadering byeenkom. 10:30 Tee Sperdatum: 28 April 2015 11:00 Spreker 11:45 Spreker 12:30 Middagete SAPV SE DEVELOPING POULTRY FARMERS’ ORGANISASIE 14:00 Spreker Hiermee word kennis gegee dat die 12de Algemene Jaarvergadering van die SAPV se 14:40 Spreker Ontwikkelende Pluimveeboere-organisasie op Dinsdag, 23 Junie 2015 om 11:15 te 15:20 Tee Emperors Palace, Gauteng gehou sal word. 15:40 Spreker Beskrywingspunte: Alle lede van die SAPV se Ontwikkelende Pluimveeboere-organi- 16:20 Spreker sasie mag beskrywingspunte vir die Algemene Jaarvergadering van hierdie Organi- sasie indien, tesame met ‘n geskrewe motivering vir oorweging deur die Komitee. Parallel Sessie: Pluimveegroep van die SA Veeartsenykunde Die Komitee sal na afloop van die Braaikuiken-organisasie se Algemene Jaarvergade- Assosiasie ring byeenkom. 08:30 SAVA AJV (Geslote sessie) Sperdatum: 28 April 2015 10:30 Tee 11:00 Spreker SAPV SE KUIKENPRODUSENTE-ORGANISASIE 11:45 Spreker Hiermee word kennis gegee dat die 59ste Algemene Jaarvergadering van die SAPV 12:30 Middagete se Kuikenprodusente-Organisasie op Dinsdag, 23 Junie 2015 om 14:00 te Emperors 14:00 Spreker 14:40 Spreker Palace, Gauteng, gehou sal word. 15:20 Tee Beskrywingspunte: Alle lede van die SAPV se Kuikenprodusente-organisasie mag 15:40 Spreker beskrywingspunte vir die Algemene Jaarvergadering van hierdie Organisasie indien, 16:20 Spreker tesame met ‘n geskrewe motivering vir oorweging deur die Komitee. Die Komitee sal 18:00 Skemerkelkie funksie na afloop van die Kuikenprodusente-organisasie se Algemene Jaarvergadering byeenkom. DONDERDAG 25 JUNIE 07:30 Registrasie Sperdatum: 28 April 2014 08:00 Uitstallings open

SAPV KONGRES 2015 Algemene Sessie Hiermee word kennis gegee dat die 109de Jaarkongres van die Suid-Afrikaanse 08:30 Spreker Pluimveeverening op Dinsdag, 23 Junie 2015, om 16:30 te Emperors Palace, 09:15 Spreker Gauteng, gehou sal word. 10:00 Tee Beskrywingspunte: Beskrywingspunte vir die Kongressakelys kan net deur die 10:30 Spreker Bestuurskomiteelede, die Filiale en Lewenslange Erelede voorgelê word. Die 11:15 Spreker 12:00 Spreker Bestuurskomitee sal na afloop van Kongres byeenkom. 12:45 Middag-ete Sperdatum: 28 April 2015 Kleinboere Sessie LEWENSLANGE ERELEDE SE VERTEENWOORDIGING 08:30 Spreker Lewenslange Erelede van die SAPV wat bereid is om hierdie groep se belange op die 09:15 Spreker 109de Jaarkongres te verteenwoordig, moet die Hoof Uitvoerende Beampte, Posbus 10:00 Tee 10:30 Spreker 1202, Honeydew 2040, voor of op 21 April 2015 daarvan verwittig. Kragtens die 11:15 Spreker Grondwet is Lewenslange Erelede op een afgevaardigde by die Kongres geregtig. ‘n 12:00 Motiveringspreker Bestuurskomiteevergadering sal na afloop van die Kongres gehou word. 12:45 Middagete Sperdatum: 21 April 2015 SOUTH AFRICAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION DRAFT PROGRAMME OFFICIAL NOTICE – CONGRESS 2015 TUESDAY 23 JUNE 07:30 Registration To all members of the South African Poultry Association 08:00 Exhibition opens 08:30 Opening of congress Issued by: The Chief Executive Officer, South African Poultry Association, PO Box 08:45 Egg Organisation AGM 1202, Honeydew, 2040. 09:45 Broiler Organisation AGM 10:45 Tea 11:15 Developing Poultry Farmers AGM SAPA EGG ORGANISATION 12:15 Lunch Notice is hereby given that the 42st Annual General Meeting of the SAPA Egg 13:30 Chick Producers’ Organisation AGM Organisation will be held at Emperors Palace, Gauteng, on Tuesday, 23 June 2015 at 14:30 SAPA report back session 08:45. 15:15 Tea Resolutions: All members of the SAPA Egg Organisation may submit resolutions for 15:30 Speaker the Agenda of the Organisation’s Annual General Meeting, accompanied by a 16:30 Congress written motivation for consideration by the Committee. A Committee meeting will 18:00 Banquet (to be confirmed) be held at the rising of the Egg Organisation Annual General Meeting. WEDNESDAY 24 JUNE Deadline: 28 April 2015 07:30 Registration 08:00 Exhibition opens SAPA BROILER ORGANISATION Notice is hereby given that the 42st Annual General Meeting of the SAPA Broiler Parallel Session: Organisation will be held at Emperors Palace, Gauteng, on Tuesday, 23 June 2015 at Practical Production Session Emperors Palace, Gauteng at 09:45. 08:30 Speaker Resolutions: All members of the SAPA Broiler Organisation may submit resolutions 09:10 Speaker 09:50 Speaker for the Agenda of the Organisation’s Annual General Meeting, accompanied by a 10:30 Tea written motivation for consideration by the Committee. A Committee meeting will 11:00 Speaker be held at the rising of the Broiler Organisation Annual General Meeting. 11:45 Speaker Deadline: 28 April 2015 12:30 Lunch 14:00 Speaker SAPA DEVELOPING POULTRY FARMERS’ ORGANISATION 14:40 Speaker Notice is hereby given that the 12th Annual General Meeting of the SAPA Develop- 15:20 Tea 15:40 Speaker ing Poultry Farmers’ Organisation will be held at Emperors Palace, Gauteng, on 16:20 Speaker Tuesday, 23 June 2015 at 11:15. Resolutions: All members of the SAPA Developing Poultry Farmers’ Organisation Parallel Session: may submit resolutions for the Agenda of the Organisation’s Annual General Poultry Group of the SA Veterinarian Meeting, accompanied by a written motivation for consideration by the Committee. Association A Committee meeting will be held at the rising of the Broiler Organisation Annual 08:30 SAVA AGM (Closed session) General Meeting. 10:30 Tea 11:00 Speaker Deadline: 28 April 2015 11:50 Speaker 12:30 Lunch SAPA CHICK PRODUCERS’ ORGANISATION 14:00 Speaker Notice is hereby given that the 59th Annual General Meeting of the SAPA Chick 14:40 Speaker Producers’ Organisation will be held at Emperors Palace, Gauteng on Tuesday, 23 15:20 Tea June 2015 at 14:00. 15:40 Speaker Resolutions: All members of the SAPA Chick Producers’ Organisation may submit 16:20 Speaker 18:00 Cocktail function resolutions for the Agenda of the Organisation’s Annual General Meeting, accompa- nied by a written motivation for consideration by the Committee. A Committee THURSDAY 25 JUNE meeting will be held at the rising of the Chick Producers’ Organisation Annual 07:30 Registration General Meeting. 08:00 Exhibition opens Deadline: 28 April 2015 General Session 08:30 Speaker SAPA CONGRESS 2015 09:15 Speaker Notice is hereby given that the 109th Annual Congress of the SA Poultry Association 10:00 Tea will be held at Emperors Palace, Gauteng, on Tuesday, 23 June 2015 at 16:30. 10:30 Speaker Resolutions: Only members of the Management Committee, the Affiliates and 11:15 Speaker Honorary Life Members may submit resolutions for this Agenda. A Management 12:00 Speaker Committee meeting will be held at the rising of Congress. 12:45 Lunch Deadline: 28 April 2015 Small Farmers’ Session 08:30 Speaker REPRESENTATION – HONORARY LIFE MEMBERS 09:15 Speaker Honorary Life Members of SAPA who are prepared to represent this group’s interest 10:00 Tea at the 109th Annual Congress are requested to notify the CEO, PO Box 1202, 10:30 Speaker Honeydew, 2040, before 21 April 2015. Honorary Life Members are entitled to one 11:15 Speaker representative at Congress in terms of the SAPA Constitution. 12:00 Motivational speaker Deadline: 21 April 2015 12:45 Lunch 58 Poultry Pluimvee Bulletin A Page in TIME

February 1921

The South African Poultry Magazine Poultry Calender Work Of The Month

(By J.J. Jordaan, Poultry Instructor, School Of Agriculture, Glen, O.f.s.)

February Issue 59 ost poultrymen and again being most seriously on to the morning market or women are well challenged. Organise as well disposed of, to butchers to acquainted with as produce, and thus retain, save the “food bill.” Whole the warning and and benefit in, this profitable flocks of suck stock have been Mappeal given some years back, overseas market. Do not let disposed of in many instances, and the resulting misery, havoc others wrench it from us or and upon inquiring why, and setback to the whole world allow them to grow rich and the only answers that have through the advice not having fat on the results of our labour been forthcoming are: “The been accepted in its fullest and outlay. high price of foodstuffs,” sense when our present King Our export is just in its or “The tempting prices for warned “England to wake up.” infancy; it must grow, and table poultry.” That class of The writer wants to say this that can only come about by poultry keeper, known as the month to all poultrymen and increased production, which smallholder of backyarder, women in South Africa: Wake means the work (of export) could not profitable produce up! Become alive! Produce must now be done through the eggs or table poultry at the and organise! And reach a right channels. The producers prices he got in South Africa, rich harvest as a result. There must be the exporters, for foodstuffs being too high. is every reason for the action if they allow their trade Lack of organisation prevented above recommended, while to develop through the him getting the prices ruling on the other hand delay will middlemen they will always overseas, that could have mean not only setback, but also be working for others. They been his through export. He the death of a young growing will not get their fair share of therefore sent his birds to industry, an ultimate loss to the returns, but be underpaid the market. Farmers could our country and nation, and for their capital outlay and and still can produce more financial loss to many that labour, and this is anything but cheaply, but through lack of are involved in the poultry encouraging to development. organisation did not get nearly business. If the present system the prices for eggs that were All people interested in continues, the poultry industry paid by the consumer. The other sections of agricultural will not grow in proportion town producer’s output having and industrial development to the other sections of been reduced to the minimum, are awake, alive, and laying agriculture (in spite of our dealers easily captured and themselves out and combining shouting and boasting) and controlled the supply coming to make South Africa it will be left at the post by from farms and were able to economically great and self- Government and others (for manipulate the market and supporting in their particular instance, newcomers, wanting consumers’ prices accordingly. sections. to invest capital). Rightly Having woken up to the For years poultrymen and so, they can only encourage, dangerous position the poultry women have been looked upon support and invest in those industry is in, but being fully as leaders in their enthusiasm sections that show signs of real alive to the possibilities it has and organisation. Whether this life and returns. for those that are prepared to is to continue depends entirely Studying our census returns move. I would ask: “Are you upon individuals. Reader, an ugly fact appears. Numbers moving, reader?” upon you and me. Are you of poultry in the country When did you last visit a fully awake and taking your are dropping fast, and to an fellow poultrymen’s yard and part as loyally as you should? alarming extent. We must look discuss his birds or invited him If not, start now. Wake up! facts in the face, if they are to to visit yours? The war and its aftermath gave be remedied. How about speaking to us an opportunity to get some The clip statement that it your dealer about a special of our goods on the overseas is only the mongrel poultry for your show, or the laying market at most favourable that has been killed off, was competition, or a donation for prices. Did you, the producer, correct at one time, but now, your club? get the benefit of this? Or who and during the last 12 months, When were you last at a did? tens of thousands of good, committee meeting? The hold we got is once pure bred stock have been sent Are you aware of the fact

60 Poultry Pluimvee Bulletin that during the last month or morning master sick birds, two foodstuffs have dropped advise him to refuse to sell 50 per cent in price? Have them, and endeavour to secure you ever suggested a meeting the support of the M.O.H. to of those interested to start the order their destruction. If club, or start a co-operative the above is only done once buying or selling depot for or twice it would cause a stir your club or association, and a seven days drop scandal. and what practical advice or But what of that? The poultry assistance have you given? interest would score. It would It is possible to go on in this be brought to the public notice strain for a long time, but one and would benefit, sooner does not want to pile on the authorities about the disposal or later, a live association of agony. Let us own up frankly of eggs and poultry by weight, poultry enthusiasts, and would we have been asleep, but, at both on the morning markets be appreciated by the bulk least be able to say we have and through legislation, while of the local inhabitants, as a woke up again. forcing local storekeepers and practical body, watching that We can best move by others to do likewise. one of their articles of food was putting into practical effect Push this question at fit for human consumption. some of the following or other municipal election time, and Occasionally visit the railway original ideas, according to the support only the candidates in stations and draw the attention local requirement, conditions favour of this progressive step. of the proper authorities to and surroundings, or using our Write about it in the local press crowded and poor coops, egg talents and time available on, and educate the public on boxes etc. If tactfully done, say, the following lines: the points. Visit the morning this intervention will be Tackle the municipal market and point out to the appreciated.

HAS BEEN AWARDED THE ISO 17025 ACCREDITATION

Ruminant Finished Feed Monogastric Finished Pet Food Feed 9 MINERALS TESTED ACROSS 7 COMMODITIES Animal By-Products Cereal

Forages Oilcakes

11 22.99 12 24.31 15 30.97 19 39.10 20 40.08 25 54.94 26 55.85 29 63.55 30 65.39 Na Mg P K Ca Mn Fe Cu Zn SODIUM MAGNESIUM PHOSPHORUS POTASSIUM CALCIUM MANGANESE Iron COPPER ZINC [Ne]3s1 [Ne]3s2 [Ne]3s2p3 [Ar]4s1 [Ar]4s2 [Ar]3d54s2 [Ar]3d64s2 [Ar]3d104s1 [Ar]3d104s2 TO606 PROVEN AUDITED ACCURACY AND REPEATABILITY www.calsa.co.za It’s your BIRTHDAY

ccording to the SAPA records, the following people are celebrating their birthday during AMarch. We hope that you have a wonderful birthday and many more to come!

olgens die SAPV se inligting verjaar al die onderstande mense in Maart. Ons hoop dat Vjulle die dag geniet en dat daar nog vele voorlê!

1 Mnr H K Karsten, El-Azaar Poultry Farm Division of Astral Operations Ltd cc Lynnwood Ridge Me T S Ledwaba, Tshepo Sarah Ledwaba Mr J E Ewa, Havillah Integrated Mr T A Makara, Solid Rock Hatchery Agribusiness Me T A Mthethwa, Thembi’s Farming Mr J Mashabela, Bopasenatla Co-op Project Mr M A Mohlala 2 Me L G Mahlase, Relokologile Eggs Me L A Shomake, Mabine Farming Mr J Opperman, Supreme Poultry Pty Ltd Mr R Shumane, Department of Agric Mafi keng Abattoir Lichtenburg Me K Venter, Supreme Poultry Pty Ltd 4 Me M A Malahlela, Mailula Poultry Kellysview Project 3 Mr C De Coning, National Chicks a Mr S Tsotetsi

62 Poultry Pluimvee Bulletin 5 Mr B Grobler, Grain Field Chickens 21 Mnr P Du Toit, Alzu Ondernemings Me M I Matlala, Madisamathamaga Mr S Tefo, Witasa 6 Mr I Breitenbach, Afgri Poultry Pty Ltd 22 Mnr W H Erasmus, Tulanie Braaikuikens Me K Mothei, Supreme Poultry Pty Ltd Me E Mooketsi, Supreme Poultry Pty Ltd Mafi keng Abattoir Mafi keng Breeder 7 Mnr M Combrinck, Vredehoek Boerdery 23 Me A Engelbrecht, Supreme Poultry Pty Mnr F Malherbe Ltd Abattoir Botshabelo Mnr L Marais, Supreme Poultry Pty Ltd Mr L W C Gaymans, W W Bartlet Poultry Mr J Masango, Cobb SA Farm Pty Ltd Mnr S Roux, Alzu Ondernemings Mr K James, Country Bird Holdings Mr M E Tlebere, Iketsetseng Mr N Malan, Mabron Farming Enterprise Mnr N C Van Wyk, Ditto V Broiler Mr A Nxumalo, KwaZulu Natal Poultry Breeder Institute 8 Mnr K Du Preez, Summit Ridge 84 Pty Mr A Saunders, Chick Tech CC Ltd T/A Henwil Chickens 24 Mr A R I Tshifh ango, Zwataalma Chicken Me H A Zitha, Manguganunu Poultry & Manufacturing Co-op Ltd 9 Mr A R Stephenson, A R Stephenson 25 Mr S L Kodibona, Kodibona Poultry Farm Farms Mnr G Maartens, Aene Boerdery Mnr A P Van Der Merwe, Doornrivier Mnr M G Pretorius, Rock Farm Pty Ltd Poultry Farm Mnr G D S Wallis, Spif Chickens 10 Mr T Marincowitz, Supreme Poultry Pty 26 Mr P Martin, Martin Breeders cc Ltd Mr L D Mooketsi, Lethabo Mooketsi Farm 12 Mrs T Z N Stemmer, Kwindla Free Range Mnr D R O Venter, Venter Farm Chickens Farm 27 Mev J C Benade, Waterberg Eggs cc Mev S M Van Wyk, Tiespro 97 Edms Bpk 27 Mr A Harrison 13 Me A Barnard, Supreme Poultry Pty Ltd Mr W Killian, Supreme Poultry Pty Ltd Tigane Mafi keng Abattoir Me M M Legoale, Woodbine Farm Dr L Theron Mr A Roelofse, Supreme Poultry Pty Ltd 28 Mr M Martyn, Earlybird Farm A Division Mafi keng Abattoir of Astral Operations Ltd Mr J Saville, Stillwaters Poultry Farm Mr A Mosiroe, Kekeletso Farming Project 14 Mr S E Kgame, Skuinsdrift 29 Mr M J D Buthelezi, Rietfontein Farmers Mr A S Nene, Cobb SA Association 15 Ms A Maseko Me G Mogale, Thusanang Project Mr P Webber, Supreme Poultry Pty Ltd 30 Mnr A Kuipers, Kuipers Group Mafi keng Hatchery Mr S E Mokhethi, EMS Farm 16 Mr M Freeland, FAR P/L Mr A Selaledi, Pioneer Foods Pty Ltd T/A 17 Dr C Le Roux Nulaid Mr M J Nkutha, Blue Gum Poultry Farm Me C N Tiki, Sivuyile Nokumkani 18 Mr H Inocco, Supreme Poultry Pty Ltd 31 Mr J E Caple, Gayridge Farm Abattoir Botshabelo Mr C Le Maitre, Kuipers Group Mr M V Mavhunga, Zuki Agri Farm cc Mr B Strydom, National Chicks a Mr L Morobe, Morobe Poultry Farm Division of Astral Operations Ltd Mr R Van Rooyen, Supreme Poultry Pty Ltd Mnr P Willemse, Summit Ridge 84 Pty Ltd T/A Henwil Chickens 19 Mr A A Bolnick, Tenderchick cc Mr A Mostert, Ken Trust Mr M Stander, Supreme Poultry Pty Ltd 20 Mr R J Mashile, Ken Marshall Chicks Mr R J Mashile, Ken Marshall Chicks Mnr S V Weldhagen, Weldhagen Eggs Pty Ltd

February Issue 63 64 Poultry Pluimvee Bulletin Aspiring CHEF Omelette with Selected Fillings

Ingredients

Per serving: 2 eggs 15 ml (1T) water salt and pepper to taste 10 g butter Filling options: roasted vegetables, grated cheese, mixed with chopped parsley, chopped ham and tomato, flaked tuna

Method

1) To make the omelette: Beat the egg, water, salt and pepper together. 2) Heat the butter in a small frying pan until it starts to bubble. 3) Swirl the pan around for the butter to cover the whole surface and then pour in the egg mixture. Tilt the pan to cover the entire base with egg. 4) Use a spatula and draw the sides of the omelette into the centre and let any extra liquid egg run to the edges. Cover the pan with a lid or even a dinner plate and remove when the omelette is almost set. 5) Spoon your preferred filling onto one half of the omelette and, using the spatula, turn the other half over the filling. Tilt the pan and slide the omelette onto a dinner plate. Serve.

February Issue 65 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Dwars 1 Protagoniste (13) 8 9 8 Rasegte skaaphond van Hongaarse oorsprong (4) 9 Wat die meeste inspanning 10 11 vereis (10) 10 Sonder ander (6) 11 Soos ‘n romantiese 12 13 14 natuurverheerliking (8) 12 Ekshibisionis (9) 15 14 Dikwels (4)

16 17 18 16 Twee glaslense in ‘n raamwerk (4) 19 17 Sitrusdrankie (9)

20 21 22 20 Teken op die notebalk wat die bas-toonhoogte aandui (1-7) 21 Groot, gespierde jaghond

23 24 wat in die voormalige Rhodesië geteel is (6) 23 Op die deurreis (2,8)

25 24 Gehard of taai maak (4) 25 Binne-in ’n sel (13)

R E G R E T A H A 1 7 3 2 5 9 4 8 6 E E U P S T A R T S 9 5 8 6 4 1 7 3 2 V I M D U M O 6 2 4 7 3 8 5 1 9 I I N B O R N M I M E E N R D E I 2 3 9 8 7 5 6 4 1 W R I T E S E C R E C Y Take a 5 8 1 9 6 4 2 7 3 R P R E E S T A T E S A D O R E 4 6 7 1 2 3 9 5 8 C I R H R L 7 9 5 3 8 6 1 2 4 I R O N F I E S T A U A E I R C O D

8 1 2 4 9 7 3 6 5 issues answers Last U P G R A D E D L E 3 4 6 5 1 2 8 9 7 BREAK S S Y S I N E W S Af 1 Horisontale hoogte van die dybene (7) 2 3 2 Opdringerige (5) 3 Suiwer geteelde Hongaarse honderas 4 2 1 5 (8) 4 Gewone vasgestelde planne (15) 7 5 6 4 5 Skotse herdershond (6) 6 Pad met een strook vir karre in beide 5 3 4 rigtings (9) 7 Ouderwetse skotse danse (7) 3 2 9 7 5 1 13 Opossum (9) 15 Groot plaashond (8) 6 1 2 16 Klein, byna oranjekleurige, nie- blaff ende honderas van die Belgies- 4 5 9 8 Kongo (7) 18 Aangenaam besig hou (7) 19 Agtreëlige jambiese strofe (6) 5 1 7 8 22 Mitologiese verhaal (5) 3 1

66 Poultry Pluimvee Bulletin