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Building Information Modelling for Building Control Information

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Building Information Modelling for Building Control Renato Filipe Gonçalves Vieira Thesis to obtain the Master of Science Degree in Information Systems and Computer Engineering Supervisor: Prof. Doutor Paulo Jorge Fernandes Carreira Examination Committee Chairperson: Prof. Doutor João António Madeiras Pereira Supervisor: Prof. Doutor Paulo Jorge Fernandes Carreira Member of the Committee: Prof. Doutor Vasco Miguel Moreira Amaral June 2015 ii “God, grant me the serenity to accept the things I cannot change, The courage to change the things I can, And the wisdom to know the difference.” — Reinhold Niebuhr iii iv Acknowledgments Em primeiro lugar, gostaria de expressar a minha eterna gratidao˜ ao meu orientador de mestrado, Professor Paulo Carreira, pelo apoio sem precedentes, pela dedicac¸ao,˜ pelo empenho e a exigencia,ˆ pelas cr´ıticas cheias de forc¸a, pelos elogios e, acima de tudo, por ter acreditado em mim e no meu trabalho. Uma palavra de gratidao˜ ao Professor Vasco Amaral, pela boa vontade com que despendeu de ho- ras para me introduzir a` tematica´ do Model-Driven Engineering, e ao Professor Francisco Regateiro, pela ajuda na iniciac¸ao˜ ao Building Information Modeling. Agradec¸o tambem´ a` minha fam´ılia, a quem dedico este trabalho, em particular a` minha mae˜ Anabela Gonc¸alves, ao meu pai Joao˜ Vieira, a` minha irma˜ Barbara´ Vieira, e a` minha avo´ Maria de Fatima´ Pereira, pela forma com que, na sua uniao,˜ serviram de primeira linha de apoio nos momentos mais trabalhosos, naqueles em que a motivac¸ao˜ faltava, e ao meu avoˆ Mario´ Gonc¸alves, pelas boleias de Taxi´ de e para a faculdade, muitas vezes abrindo mao˜ das suas proprias´ prioridades, para que nao˜ me faltasse nada. A eles devo a pessoa que sou. Aos meus companheiros Pedro Mira Lopes e Pedro Nogueira, que percorreram comigo o caminho da academia, nos seus melhores e piores momentos, nas noitadas, nos projectos, nas boas e mas´ notas, nas gargalhadas e nos olhares apreensivos. Para eles, o meu F-R-A. Aos meus amigos, que nos ultimos´ meses carregaram comigo as minhas frustrac¸oes˜ e alegrias, que me ouviram a falar sempre no mesmo assunto, horas a fio, que me encheram de forc¸a e que me ajudaram no meu trabalho: Diana Pinguicha, Pedro Domingues, Gonc¸alo Almeida, Diogo Anjos e Soraia Martins, entre muitos outros. E a` Taniaˆ Frade, por me ter dado a mao˜ quando mais precisei. Obrigado. v vi Resumo Apesar do aparecimento de standards de Building Information Modeling (BIM), nem todas as dimensoes˜ dos edif´ıcios sao˜ suportadas em igual extensao.˜ Um exemplo claro e´ o dom´ınio da automac¸ao,˜ em que os aspectos suportados se resumem somente a` disposic¸ao˜ f´ısica dos aparelhos. Esta abrangenciaˆ e´ claramente insuficiente para permitir a modelac¸ao˜ de cenarios´ de automac¸ao˜ de edif´ıcios. Esta modelac¸ao˜ engloba um conjunto mais alargado e heterogeneo´ de aspectos, sem que seja necessario´ o compromisso precoce com uma tecnologia especifica de automac¸ao.˜ Os standards BIM, como as Industry Foundation Classes (IFC), posicionam-se como candidatos naturais para permitir a modelac¸ao˜ e troca de informac¸ao˜ relativa a` automac¸ao˜ de edif´ıcios. No entanto, a completude com a que o BIM suporta os conceitos relativos a` automac¸ao˜ nunca foi, ate´ agora, analisada com rigor. Este trabalho explora a hipotese´ de extensao˜ do BIM com vista ao suporte de conceitos de automac¸ao˜ de edif´ıcios, propondo uma adenda ao modelo das IFC, baseado numa analise´ da literatura cientifica e tecnica´ relevante. O presente estudo levanta os requisitos de informac¸ao˜ do dom´ınio da automac¸ao˜ de edif´ıcios, encetando uma analise´ da lacuna existente entre estes e os standards BIM como o IFC, propondo um conjunto de novos conceitos, usando tecnicas´ model-driven, dotando as IFC da capaci- dade de transportar dados acerca de cenarios´ de automac¸ao.˜ Esta abordagem e´ validada atraves´ de transformac¸oes˜ ao modelo. Palavras-chave: Building Information Moodels, Building Automation, Model-Driven Engi- neering vii viii Abstract Despite the emergence of Building Information Modeling (BIM) standards, not all dimensions of con- struction are supported to the same extent. Such is the case of the Building Automation (BA) dimension, where only aspects related to mostly physical setup of devices are supported, which are largely insuffi- cient to enable modeling automation scenarios. BA requires modeling a richer set of aspects, still very heterogeneous, without becoming bound to a specific technology upfront. BIM standards such as Indus- try Foundation Classes (IFC) position themselves as natural candidates for modeling and exchanging information regarding BA. However, the extent to which BIM supports automation aspects has never been rigorously analyzed. This work explores the hypothesis of extending BIM to support BA concepts, proposing a new exten- sion to the IFC model, based on an assessment of scientific and technical literature. This study elicits the information requirements of BA and performs a gap analysis with current BIM standards such as IFC, upholding the proposal of a set of new concepts, using model-driven techniques, which enable IFC to exchange automation scenario data. This approach is validated for completeness using model transformations. Keywords: Building Information Moodels, Building Automation, Model-Driven Engineering ix x Contents Acknowledgments...........................................v Resumo................................................. vii Abstract................................................. ix List of Tables.............................................. xv List of Figures............................................. xvii Glossary................................................ xx 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Problem Definition........................................3 1.2 Proposed Solution........................................4 1.3 Methodology and Contributions.................................4 1.3.1 Literature and Standards Review............................5 1.3.2 Review Dimensions...................................5 1.4 Document Organization.....................................6 2 Concepts 7 2.1 Building Information Modelling.................................7 2.1.1 BIM Tools, Platforms and Environments........................8 2.1.2 BIM Schemas.......................................8 2.1.3 Model View Definitions..................................8 2.1.4 Exchange Formats....................................9 2.2 Building Automation.......................................9 2.2.1 Field Level........................................ 11 2.2.2 Automation Level..................................... 11 2.2.3 Management Level.................................... 12 2.3 Building Automation Services.................................. 12 2.3.1 Zoning........................................... 13 2.3.2 Device Groups...................................... 13 2.3.3 Scheduling........................................ 13 2.3.4 Events and Alarms.................................... 14 2.3.5 Scenarios......................................... 14 xi 2.4 Domain Model.......................................... 14 2.5 Model-Driven Engineering.................................... 16 2.5.1 Models and Meta-Models................................ 17 2.5.2 Model Transformations.................................. 19 2.5.3 Model-Driven Architecture................................ 20 3 Related Work 22 3.1 Building Models.......................................... 22 3.1.1 Industry Foundation Classes.............................. 22 3.1.2 COBie........................................... 24 3.1.3 BAMie........................................... 25 3.2 Automation Models........................................ 25 3.2.1 EIB/KNX......................................... 26 3.2.2 LonWorks......................................... 26 3.2.3 BACNet.......................................... 27 3.3 Management Level Service Frameworks............................ 29 3.3.1 oBIX............................................ 29 3.3.2 OPC UA.......................................... 30 3.4 MDE Platforms and Applications................................ 32 3.4.1 Eclipse Modeling Framework.............................. 33 3.4.2 Epsilon.......................................... 34 3.4.3 BIMServer........................................ 36 3.5 Discussion............................................ 36 3.5.1 Completeness Analysis................................. 37 3.5.2 Complexity Analysis................................... 39 3.5.3 Flexibility Analysis.................................... 40 3.5.4 Applicability Analysis................................... 40 3.5.5 The Role of MDE..................................... 40 4 Solution 42 4.1 Solution Overview........................................ 42 4.1.1 EXPRESS........................................ 43 4.1.2 MDE............................................ 43 4.1.3 EMF............................................ 43 4.1.4 IFC compliance...................................... 44 4.1.5 Abstraction........................................ 44 4.2 Architecture of the Solution................................... 44 4.2.1 IFC structural setting................................... 44 4.2.2 Element Realms..................................... 46 4.2.3 Non-functional Requirements.............................. 46 xii 4.3 Domain Model.......................................... 47 4.3.1 Base Elements...................................... 48 4.3.2 Device topology....................................
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