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How Ritual Made Us Human Matt J. Rossano Department of Psychology
How ritual made us human Matt J. Rossano Department of Psychology Southeastern Louisiana University Hammond, LA 70402 USA Email: [email protected] ORCID ID: 0000-0002-1484-1105 Abstract This chapter argues that ritual made us human, and it is because of ritual that we (and not some other hominin) are Earth’s dominant species. The argument rests on the following propositions: (1) Humans are unique in their cooperative abilities (more clearly so than our rational abilities). (2) Cooperative communities are constructed using costly rituals. (3) Supernatural belief provided the motivation and the individual fitness advantage necessary for humans to engage in costly rituals, and (4) archaeological evidences indicates that Homo sapiens engaged in higher- cost ritual activity than other hominins (specifically, Neanderthals). It was the communal cooperative advantage, constructed using costly rituals, that gave Homo sapiens the decisive edge over other hominins as they spread across the globe. Keywords: cooperation, costly ritual, group competition, Homo sapiens, Neanderthals, ritualized behavior, supernatural belief, synchronized movement.> Author bio: Matt Rossano is Professor of Psychology at Southeastern Louisiana University where he studies the evolution of ritual, religion, and cooperation. His books include: Supernatural selection: How religion evolved (Oxford) and Mortal rituals (Columbia University Press). 1 Sergio Catalan could be forgiven for being wary. As he checked on some cattle at the foothills of the Andes mountains, he spotted two scraggly-haired, emaciated ‘mountain men’ frantically waving at him from across the Rio Azufre. The rushing current made it impossible to hear them, but their desperation was obvious. Who were these men? Bandits? Drug dealers? Revolutionaries on the run from the Army? As one of them drew nearer to the river bank, his eyes locked with Catalan. -
Eric Kurlander. Hitler's Monsters
130 Book Reviews / Correspondences 5 (2017) 113–139 Eric Kurlander. Hitler’s Monsters: A Supernatural History of the Third Reich. New Haven/London: Yale University Press, 2017. ISBN: 9780300189452. Among the steady stream of publications devoted to the relationship between esotericism and National Socialism, Eric Kurlander’s study is one of the rare examples of a serious contribution to an old debate. It offers a most welcome critical perspective that sets it apart from the scholarship of recent decades, most significantly Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke’s The Occult Roots of Nazism (1985) and Corinna Treitel’s A Science for the Soul (2004). In contrast to these studies, which were highly cautious about claiming actual links between esotericism and National Socialism, Kurlander establishes the central argument that “ National Socialism, even when critical of occultism, was more preoccupied by and indebted to a wide array of supernatural doctrines and esoteric practices than any mass political movement of the interwar period.” (xiv) By covering a vast spectrum of topics and sources, and by taking into consideration an impressive amount of secondary literature, the ambitions of Hitler’s Monsters are high: In the three chapters of Part One, Kurlander investigates the emergence of National Socialism since the late 1880s and its relationship to what is termed “the supernatural”; Part Two, again consisting of three chapters, discusses the relationship between the National Socialist state and the supernatural; while the last three chapters of Part Three deal with the period of the Second World War until 1945. Despite a range of important arguments and inspiring thoughts, Hitler’s Monsters is at times a highly problematic book that leaves an ambivalent impression. -
John Stamos Helps Inspire Youngsters on WE
August 10 - 16, 2018 2 x 2" ad 2 x 2" ad John Stamos H K M F E D A J O M I Z A G U 2 x 3" ad W I X I D I M A G G I O I R M helps inspire A N B W S F O I L A R B X O M Y G L E H A D R A N X I L E P 2 x 3.5" ad C Z O S X S D A C D O R K N O youngsters I O C T U T B V K R M E A I V J G V Q A J A X E E Y D E N A B A L U C I L Z J N N A C G X on WE Day R L C D D B L A B A T E L F O U M S O R C S C L E B U C R K P G O Z B E J M D F A K R F A F A X O N S A G G B X N L E M L J Z U Q E O P R I N C E S S John Stamos is O M A F R A K N S D R Z N E O A N R D S O R C E R I O V A H the host of the “Disenchantment” on Netflix yearly WE Day Bargain Box (Words in parentheses not in puzzle) Bean (Abbi) Jacobson Princess special, which Classified Merchandise Specials Solution on page 13 Luci (Eric) Andre Dreamland ABC presents Merchandise High-End 2 x 3" ad Elfo (Nat) Faxon Misadventures King Zog (John) DiMaggio Oddballs 1 x 4" ad Friday. -
ECOMYSTICISM: MATERIALISM and MYSTICISM in AMERICAN NATURE WRITING by DAVID TAGNANI a Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfill
ECOMYSTICISM: MATERIALISM AND MYSTICISM IN AMERICAN NATURE WRITING By DAVID TAGNANI A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY Department of English MAY 2015 © Copyright by DAVID TAGNANI, 2015 All Rights Reserved © Copyright by DAVID TAGNANI, 2015 All Rights Reserved ii To the Faculty of Washington State University: The members of the Committee appointed to examine the dissertation of DAVID TAGNANI find it satisfactory and recommend that it be accepted. ___________________________________________ Christopher Arigo, Ph.D., Chair ___________________________________________ Donna Campbell, Ph.D. ___________________________________________ Jon Hegglund, Ph.D. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to thank my committee members for their hard work guiding and encouraging this project. Chris Arigo’s passion for the subject and familiarity with arcane source material were invaluable in pushing me forward. Donna Campbell’s challenging questions and encyclopedic knowledge helped shore up weak points throughout. Jon Hegglund has my gratitude for agreeing to join this committee at the last minute. Former committee member Augusta Rohrbach also deserves acknowledgement, as her hard work led to significant restructuring and important theoretical insights. Finally, this project would have been impossible without my wife Angela, who worked hard to ensure I had the time and space to complete this project. iv ECOMYSTICISM: MATERIALISM AND MYSTICISM IN AMERICAN NATURE WRITING Abstract by David Tagnani, Ph.D. Washington State University May 2015 Chair: Christopher Arigo This dissertation investigates the ways in which a theory of material mysticism can help us understand and synthesize two important trends in the American nature writing—mysticism and materialism. -
Theories of God: Explanatory Coherence in Religious Cognition
RESEARCH ARTICLE Theories of God: Explanatory coherence in religious cognition Andrew ShtulmanID*, Max Rattner Department of Psychology, Occidental College, Los Angeles, California, United States of America * [email protected] Abstract Representations of God in art, literature, and discourse range from the highly anthropomor- a1111111111 phic to the highly abstract. The present study explored whether people who endorse anthro- a1111111111 pomorphic God concepts hold different religious beliefs and engage in different religious a1111111111 practices than those who endorse abstract concepts. Adults of various religious affiliations a1111111111 (n = 275) completed a questionnaire that probed their beliefs about God, angels, Satan, a1111111111 Heaven, Hell, cosmogenesis, anthropogenesis, human suffering, and human misdeeds, as well as their experiences regarding prayer, worship, and religious development. Responses to the questionnaire were analyzed by how strongly participants anthropomorphized God in a property-attribution task. Overall, the more participants anthropomorphized God, the more OPEN ACCESS concretely they interpreted religious ideas, importing their understanding of human affairs Citation: Shtulman A, Rattner M (2018) Theories into their understanding of divine affairs. These findings suggest not only that individuals of God: Explanatory coherence in religious vary greatly in how they interpret the same religious ideas but also that those interpretations cognition. PLoS ONE 13(12): e0209758. https:// doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209758 cohere along a concrete-to-abstract dimension, anchored on the concrete side by our every- day notions of people. Editor: Alex Mesoudi, University of Exeter, UNITED KINGDOM Received: June 21, 2018 Accepted: December 11, 2018 Published: December 26, 2018 Introduction Copyright: © 2018 Shtulman, Rattner. This is an Most people in most cultures believe in the existence of supernatural beings and other super- open access article distributed under the terms of natural concepts [1±2]. -
Ragnarok Worksheet
Ragnarok 231 RAGNAROK Also known as “the Twilight of the Gods,” Ragnarok, the Norse Doomsday, is the ultimate battle between good and evil—an event similar to the apocalypse of the Bible. According to the Norse myths, Ragnarok will contain a number of specific events, which are related here. But is it the end of the world—or just the beginning of a new one? hat tidings are to be told of Ragnarok? First, there W will come a winter called the Fimbul‐winter, where snow will drive from all quarters, the frost will be so severe, and the winds so keen and piercing that there will be no joy to be found— not even in the sun. There will be three such winters in succession without any intervening summer. Great wars will rage over all the world. Brothers will slay each other for the sake of gain, and no one will spare his father or mother in that carnage. Then a great supernatural tragedy will happen: The two wolves of darkness that have pursued the sun and moon since the beginning of time will finally catch their prey. One wolf will devour the sun, and the second wolf will devour the moon. The stars shall be hurled from heaven. Then it shall come to pass that the earth and the mountains will shake so violently that trees will be torn up by the roots, the mountains will topple down, and all bonds and fetters will be broken and snapped. Loki and the Fenrir‐wolf will be loosed. The sea will rush over the earth, for the Midgard Serpent will writhe in rage and seek to gain the land. -
(Dr. Cuevas) REL1300-01: Introduction to World Religions
HUM 2937-02 (Honors): Magic & The Supernatural in the Asian World (Dr. Cuevas) This seminar offers a comparative study of the forms and functions of magic, supernatural beliefs, and associated rituals in various societies across Asia, including especially India, Tibet, China, and Japan. Emphasis will be on understanding such beliefs and practices within specific Asian social and historical contexts and broad comparisons with Western conceptions to derive critical insights into the significance of religious beliefs and practices in human life. In addition, sustained focus will be on the wide variety of academic approaches to magic as a cross-cultural category and the problematic distinction between the categories "magic" and "religion." Key questions addressed throughout the course include the following: What is magic? What does magic mean? What does magic do? Is magic distinct from religion? Is magic natural or supernatural? Why do people believe in magic? What is the role of magic in society? The course will run on a seminar format with active and in-depth discussion of readings and intensive individual writing assignments. REL1300-01: Introduction to World Religions (Mark Canter) “Introduction to World Religions” surveys the major religious traditions of the world, with attention to their origins, principle beliefs and practices. The course will have achieved its purpose if you complete the semester with a working knowledge of the world’s main religions, and an appreciation for the pluralistic spiritual views of humanity. REL1300-02, 03, & 06: Introduction to World Religions (Todd Brenneman) A survey of the major living religious traditions of the world, with attention to their origins in the ancient world and their classic beliefs and practices. -
Dr. Eric Kurlander Professor of Modern European History Stetson University
Dr. Eric Kurlander Professor of Modern European History Stetson University Department of History Office: (386) 822-7578 Elizabeth Hall, Unit 8344 (386) 822-7535 421 N. Woodland Blvd. Fax: (386) 822-7544 Stetson University Email: [email protected] Deland, FL 32724 EDUCATION HARVARD UNIVERSITY Cambridge, MA PhD, Modern European History. 2001 MA, Modern European History. 1997 BOWDOIN COLLEGE Brunswick, ME BA, summa cum laude. History and English (minor). 1994 PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE Professor, History Department, Stetson University Spring 2015 - present Professor and Chair, History Department, Stetson University Fall 2013 – Fall 2014 Associate Professor and Chair, History Department, Stetson University Fall 2010 – Spring 2013 Visiting Professor and Fulbright Fellow, History Department, Freiburg Pädagogische Hochschule January 2012 – July 2012 Associate Professor, History Department, Stetson University Fall 2007 – Spring 2010 Alexander von Humboldt Fellow, History Department, University of Bonn/Berlin December 2007 – June 2008 Thyssen-Heideking Fellow, Anglo-American Institute, University of Cologne June 2007 – February 2008 Assistant Professor, History Department, Stetson University Fall 2001 – Spring 2007 Assistant Senior Tutor, Currier House, Harvard University Fall 2000 – Spring 2001 Teaching Fellow, History Department, Harvard University Fall 1999 – Spring 2001 SELECTED PUBLICATIONS (2001 – present) Books Hitler’s Monsters: A Supernatural History of the Third Reich. New Haven and London: Yale University Press (under contract). The West in Question: Continuity and Change. v. II. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press (under contract) Monica Black and Eric Kurlander, eds., Revisiting the Nazi Occult: Histories, Realities, Legacies. Rochester: Camden House, 2015. Joanne Miyang Cho, Eric Kurlander, and Douglas McGetchin, eds., Transcultural Encounters between Germany and India: Kindred Spirits in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries, New York and London: Routledge, 2014. -
The Supernatural World of the Kawaiisu by Maurice Zigmond1
The Supernatural World of the Kawaiisu by Maurice Zigmond1 The most obvious characteristic at the supernatural world of the Kawaiisu is its complexity, which stands in striking contrast to the “simplicity” of the mundane world. Situated on and around the southern end of the Sierra Nevada mountains in south - - central California, the tribe is marginal to both the Great Basin and California culture areas and would probably have been susceptible to the opprobrious nineteenth century term, ‘Diggers’ Yet, if its material culture could be described as “primitive,” ideas about the realm of the unseen were intricate and, in a sense, sophisticated. For the Kawaiisu the invisible domain is tilled with identifiable beings and anonymous non-beings, with people who are half spirits, with mythical giant creatures and great sky images, with “men” and “animals” who are localized in association with natural formations, with dreams, visions, omens, and signs. There is a land of the dead known to have been visited by a few living individuals, and a netherworld which is apparently the abode of the spirits of animals - - at least of some animals animals - - and visited by a man seeking a cure. Depending upon one’s definition, there are apparently four types of shamanism - - and a questionable fifth. In recording this maze of supernatural phenomena over a period of years, one ought not be surprised to find the data both inconsistent and contradictory. By their very nature happenings governed by extraterrestrial fortes cannot be portrayed in clear and precise terms. To those involved, however, the situation presents no problem. Since anything may occur in the unseen world which surrounds us, an attempt at logical explanation is irrelevant. -
Will This Manhattan Projects Original Artwork Cliffhanger Make Another
COMICS COSPLAY TV/FILM GAMES SUBMIT CGC Search … Will This Manhattan Projects Original Artwork Cliffhanger Make Another Big Splash? Posted by Mark Seifert March 19, 2014 0 Comments Facebook Twitter Pinterest LinkedIn Tumblr Email Reddit [The Manhattan Projects #18 has been out for a couple weeks, but still — if you haven’t read this issue and plan to, you might want to skip this post for now.] Several years into the digital era for both comics reading and comics production, I still love to look at original comic art up close. The look and feel of the art board, the subtle texture of the ink, the faint traces of changes and corrections… it all adds up to a little extra insight into the time and circumstances behind the comics book’s creation. We’ve mentioned a bunch of noteworthy original art sales here in recent times — from that awe-inspiring Golden Age Action Comics #15 cover by Fred Guardineer, to this Silver Age Fantastic Four #55 page by Jack Kirby, to this Bronze Age classic Amazing Spider- Man #121 cover by John Romita Sr, down to the current record holder for a piece of American comic book art with this Amazing Spider-Man #328 cover by Todd McFarlane. And increasingly, original art sales from much more recent comics are turning heads as well. It’s probably no surprise that Skottie Young original art is highly sought after, or that Walking Dead original art — even panel pages — can command some eye- popping prices. But modern comic art collectors have broadened their interests to many other artists and titles of quality in recent times, such as this Pia Guerra Y: The Last Man panel page that recently went for $1000. -
Episode 47 – “A Very Merry Supernatural Christmas”
Episode 47 – “A Very Merry Supernatural Christmas” Release Date: December 24, 2018 Running Time: 1 hour, 11 minutes Sally: Kay. Fuck, marry, kill. Sam, Dean, Cas. Emily: Ah, fu-- (laugh) Brie: I feel like that’s easy. (laugh) Emily: That’s super easy. Sally: I just -- we gotta start the episode somehow. Emily: OK, kill Sam, obviously. Brie: Duh. Yeah, no, duh. Yeah. Emily: Yeah. Brie: Yeah. Mm. Sally: (laugh) Emily: Uh, then I guess I’d marry Cas? Brie: Yeah … Sally: Fuck Dean? Emily: Yeah. Sally: That’s where I was sitting too. Brie: Yeah. Sally: So we’re all in agreement. Brie: Yeah. Emily: I just -- Cas actually has a personality I can stand. When he actually develops a personality, which is later, I guess, in the series. Sally: Yeah. Brie: I do think, though, that, like, the emotional parts of Dean -- Emily: Yeah. Brie: If that -- if that was, like, turned on all the time. Marry. Emily: My idealized version of Dean -- Brie: Yeah. Emily: I would marry. Brie: Yeah. Yeah. Emily: But the Dean that’s actually on the show? Mm-mm. Fuckin’ leave. Sally: OK! (all laugh) Emily, singing: Have a holly, jolly Christmas … Sally: Um, earlier I was reading an article called -- Brie: Oh! Oh, yeah. Yeah. Emily: Don’t repeat it. It’s the worst. Sally: (laughing) Emily: I know we’re an explicit podcast, but this might be the line of what’s too explicit. Brie: (laugh) Sally: K, it was an article about monster erotica, and the title of the article is also a title for the book. -
ABSTRACT the Women of Supernatural: More Than
ABSTRACT The Women of Supernatural: More than Stereotypes Miranda B. Leddy, M.A. Mentor: Mia Moody-Ramirez, Ph.D. This critical discourse analysis of the American horror television show, Supernatural, uses a gender perspective to assess the stereotypes and female characters in the popular series. As part of this study 34 episodes of Supernatural and 19 female characters were analyzed. Findings indicate that while the target audience for Supernatural is women, the show tends to portray them in traditional, feminine, and horror genre stereotypes. The purpose of this thesis is twofold: 1) to provide a description of the types of female characters prevalent in the early seasons of Supernatural including mother-figures, victims, and monsters, and 2) to describe the changes that take place in the later seasons when the female characters no longer fit into feminine or horror stereotypes. Findings indicate that female characters of Supernatural have evolved throughout the seasons of the show and are more than just background characters in need of rescue. These findings are important because they illustrate that representations of women in television are not always based on stereotypes, and that the horror genre is evolving and beginning to depict strong female characters that are brave, intellectual leaders instead of victims being rescued by men. The female audience will be exposed to a more accurate portrayal of women to which they can relate and be inspired. Copyright © 2014 by Miranda B. Leddy All rights reserved TABLE OF CONTENTS Tables