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ULUSLARARASI AF ÖRGÜTÜ RAPORU 2009 DÜNYADA İNSAN09 HAKLARININ DURUMU 09 İlk Kez 2009 Yılında Bu Kitabın Bir Katalog Kaydı Punto Baskı Çözümleri Tüm Hakları Saklıdır

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ULUSLARARASI AF ÖRGÜTÜ RAPORU 2009 DÜNYADA İNSAN09 HAKLARININ DURUMU 09 İlk Kez 2009 Yılında Bu Kitabın Bir Katalog Kaydı Punto Baskı Çözümleri Tüm Hakları Saklıdır ULUSLARARASI AF ÖRGÜTÜ RAPORU 2009 DÜNYADA İNSAN09 HAKLARININ DURUMU 09 İlk kez 2009 yılında Bu kitabın bir katalog kaydı Punto Baskı Çözümleri Tüm hakları saklıdır. Bu yayının ULUSLARARASI AF ÖRGÜTÜ RAPORU 2009 Uluslararası Af Örgütü İngiliz Kütüphanesi Tic. Ltd. Şti. hiçbir bölümü yayıncıların izni tarafından yayınlanmıştır. British Library’de İstanbul alınmadan yeniden üretilemez, Uluslararası Af Örgütü bulunmaktadır. Türkiye bir bilgi sisteminde saklanamaz DÜNYADA İNSAN HAKLARININ DURUMU Türkiye Şubesi ya da elektronik, mekanik, Abdülhakhamid Cad. No:30/5 Orijinal Dili: İngilizce fotokopi, kayıt ve/veya benzeri Talimhane Beyoğlu yöntemler yoluyla hiçbir biçimde İstanbul Fotoğraflar: yayınlanamaz. Türkiye Tüm rapor boyunca kullanılan fotoğrafların başlık ve bilgileri www.amnesty.org.tr © Copyright mevcuttur. Uluslararası Af Örgütü Yayınları 2009 Indeks: POL 10/001/2009 ISBN: 978-9944-0204-3-5 Bu rapor Ocak 2008 – Aralık09 2008 dönemini kapsamaktadır. © Private GİRİŞ ‘BÜTÜN İNSANLAR ÖZGÜR, ONUR VE HAKLAR BAKIMINDAN EŞİT DOĞARLAR.’ İnsan Hakları Evrensel Beyannamesi, 1948 Uluslararası Af Örgütü 2009 raporu, 157 ülke ve sonra Uluslararası Af Örgütü’nün çeşitli konular Aralık 2008 tarihinde Mayotte’deki bölgenin 2008 yılındaki insan hakları durumunu hakkındaki endişelerini anlatıyor ve bireysel davalar da (Fransa’nın denizaşırı bir toprağı) belgeliyor. Rapor, hukukun bir gerçekliğe dönüşmesini uygun olduğu zaman ön plana çıkarılıyor. Pamandzi göçmen gözaltı merkezindeki sağlayacak gelişmeleri engelleyen sistematik aşırı kalabalık. ayrımcılığı ve güvensizlik ortamını ortaya çıkarıyor. Çok Eğer bir ülkenin raporunda bir madde ele BM İnsan Hakları Komisyonu Fransız önemli bir biçimde, bu rapor devletlerin saygı alınmamışsa, bu Uluslararası Af Örgütü’nün söz gözaltı merkezlerindeki koşullardan duyacakları hakları kendi elleriyle seçmeye, diğerlerini konusu ülkede bu kategorideki insan hakları endişe duyduklarını belirtti. ise bastırmaya devam ettiğini gözler önüne seriyor. ihlallerinin gerçekleşmediğini savunduğu anlamına gelmez. Aynı şekilde, belirli bir ülke veya bölgenin Rapor, 2008 yılının önemli olaylarının ve insan hakları raporunun yer almaması, Uluslararası Af gündemini ağırlıklı olarak işgal eden eğilimlerin altını Örgütü’nün 2008 yılında söz konusu bölge veya çizen beş bölgesel genel açıklamayla başlıyor. ülkedeki insan hakları ihlalleri konusunda endişe taşımadığı şeklinde yorumlanmamalıdır. Özellikle Bu çalışmanın kalbi insan haklarının Afganistan’dan maddelerin uzunluğu, Uluslararası Af Örgütü’nün Zimbabve’ye kadar ülke ülke incelenmesinden ülkeler hakkındaki endişelerinin genişliği ve oluşuyor. Her bir madde o ülkedeki insan hakları derinliğinin karşılaştırılması için herhangi bir temel durumunun özetleyen bir bölümle başlıyor. Daha teşkil edemez. Uluslararası Af Örgütü Raporu 2009 8 Şubat 2008’de Batı Darfur’un kontrolünü yeniden ele geçirmek amacıyla Sudan ordusu tarafından bombalanan ve yakılan Abu Suruj köyünden geri kalanlara genel bir bakış. Bölgedeki saldırılar yaklaşık 30,000 kişinin yerinden edilmesine sebep oldu. ULUSLARARASI AF ÖRGÜTÜ Uluslararası Af Örgütü, uluslararası alanda tanınmış insan haklarına saygı gösterilmesi ve bu hakların korunması konusunda çalışan insanların oluşturduğu dünya çapında bir harekettir. Vizyonu, her insanın İnsan Hakları Evrensel Beyannamesi tarafından kabul edilen insan haklarına ve diğer tüm uluslararası insan hakları standartlarına erişebilmesini sağlamaktır. Uluslararası Af Örgütü’nün misyonu araştırmalar yürüterek medeni, siyasi, sosyal, kültürel ve ekonomik tüm insan hakları ihlallerine karşı harekete geçmek ve bu ihlalleri son erdirmektir. İfade ve toplanma özgürlüğünden fiziksel ve zihinsel bütünlüğe, ayrımcılığın önlenmesinden barınma hakkına kadar bütün bu haklar ayrılmaz bir bütündür. Uluslararası Af Örgütü’nün gelirleri temel olarak üyeliklere ve bağışlara dayanmaktadır. Hükümetlerden araştırmalar ve insan hakları ihlalleri için yürütülen kampanyalar için hiçbir fon talep veya kabul edilmemektedir. Uluslararası Af Örgütü her hangi bir hükümetten, siyasi ideolojiden, ekonomik çıkar veya dinden bağımsızdır. Uluslararası Af Örgütü, temel politika kararları her iki yılda bir düzenlenen Uluslararası Konsey toplantılarında ulusal bölümlerin temsilcileri tarafından alınan demokratik bir harekettir. Alınan kararların yürürlüğe konulması için Konsey tarafından seçilen Uluslararası Yürütme Kurulu, Soledad García Muñoz (Arjantin- Başkan Yardımcısı), Deborah Smith (Kanada - İng), Pietro Antonioli (İtalya), Lilian Gonçalves-Ho Kang You (Hollanda), Vanushi Rajanayagam Walters (Yeni Zelanda), Christine Pamp (İsveç), Levent Korkut (Türkiye), Peter Pack (İngiltere - Başkan), Imran Riffat (ABD – © Lynsey Addario © Lynsey Seçilmiş Yönetici Üye), David Stamps (ABD – Uluslararası Sayman) ve Tjalling J. S. Tiemstra (Hollanda – Seçilmiş Yönetici Üye) tarafından oluşmaktadır. Uluslararası Af Örgütü Genel Sekreteri Irene Khan’dır (Bangladeş). İÇİNDEKİLER YILLIK RAPOR 2009 BÖLÜM 1 Eritre/144 Kore (Cumhuriyeti)/235 Sierra Leone/318 Bölgesel genel bakışlar/15 Ermenistan/46 Kore (Demokratik Halk Cumhuriyeti)/237 Singapur/321 Afrika/17 Estonya/148 Kuveyt/238 Slovakya/322 Asya-Pasifik/27 Etiyopya/149 Küba/239 Slovenya/324 Avrupa ve Orta Asya/37 Fas/Batı Sahra/152 Laos/241 Solomon Adaları/325 Kuzey ve Güney Amerika/47 Fiji/155 Letonya/242 Somali/326 Orta Doğu ve Kuzey Afrika/57 Fildişi Sahili/156 Liberya/243 Sri Lanka/329 Filipinler/157 Libya/245 Sudan/332 BÖLÜM 2 Filistin Yönetimi/159 Litvanya/248 Surinam/335 Afganistan/71 Finlandiya/162 Lübnan/249 Suriye/336 Almanya/74 Fransa/163 Macaristan/251 Suudi Arabistan/339 Amerika Birleşik Devletleri/76 Gambiya/165 Makedonya/253 Svaziland/343 Angola/80 Gana/167 Malavi/255 Şili/344 Arjantin/83 Gine/168 Maldivler/256 Tacikistan/346 Arnavutluk/84 Gine-Bissau/170 Malezya/256 Tanzanya/347 Avustralya/86 Guatemala/171 Mali/259 Tayland/348 Avusturya/87 Güney Afrika/172 Malta/260 Tayvan/350 Azerbaycan/88 Gürcistan/176 Meksika/260 Togo/351 Bahamalar/90 Haiti/178 Mısır/264 Tonga/352 Bahreyn/91 Hırvatistan/179 Moğolistan/268 Trinidad ve Tobago/352 Bangladeş/92 Hindistan/182 Moldova/269 Tunus/353 Belarus/94 Hollanda/185 Moritanya/271 Türkiye/356 Belçika/96 Honduras/186 Mozambik/273 Türkmenistan/360 Benin/97 Irak/188 Myanmar/274 Uganda/361 Birleşik Arap Emirlikleri/98 İran/192 Namibya/277 Ukrayna/364 Birleşik Krallık/99 İrlanda/196 Nepal/278 Umman/366 Bolivya/103 İspanya/198 Nijer/280 Uruguay/367 Bosna Hersek/105 İsrail ve İşgal Altındaki Filistin Toprakları/201 Nijerya/281 Ürdün/368 Brezilya/108 İsveç/205 Nikaragua/285 Venezuela/370 Bulgaristan/112 İsviçre/206 Orta Afrika Cumhuriyeti/286 Vietnam/372 Burkina Faso/114 İtalya/207 Özbekistan/289 Yemen/373 Burundi/115 Jamaika/210 Pakistan/292 Yeni Zelanda/376 Cezayir/118 Japonya/212 Papua Yeni Gine/295 Yunanistan/377 Çad/121 Kamboçya/213 Paraguay/296 Zimbabve/380 Çek Cumhuriyeti/124 Kamerun/215 Peru/298 BÖLÜM 3 Çin/126 Kanada/218 Polonya/299 Seçilmiş uluslararası ve bölgesel insan hakları Danimarka/130 Karadağ/219 Portekiz/301 sözleşmeleri /389 Demokratik Kongo Cumhuriyeti/131 Katar/221 Porto Riko/302 Bölgesel insan hakları sözleşmeleri/390 Doğu Timor/135 Kazakistan/222 Romanya/302 Uluslararası insan hakları sözleşmeleri/396 Dominik Cumhuriyeti/136 Kenya/223 Ruanda/305 Ekvador/137 Kıbrıs/227 Rusya Federasyonu/307 BÖLÜM 4 Ekvator Ginesi/139 Kırgızistan/228 Saint Kitts ve Nevis/312 Uluslararası Af Örgütü İletişim Bilgileri/416 El Salvador/141 Kolombiya/229 Senegal/312 Yardım etmek istiyorum/420 Endonezya/142 Kongo (Cumhuriyeti)/233 Sırbistan/314 Dizin/422 Uluslararası Af Örgütü Raporu 2009 Uluslararası Af Örgütü Raporu 2009 ÜLKE BİLGİLERİ Bu rapor içindeki her bir ülke bilgisi üzerindeki kutuda yer alan bilgiler aşağıdaki kaynaklardan alınmıştır: Bütün Ortalama Yaşam Süresi Beklentisi ve Yetişkin Okur Yazarlık Oranı verileri Birleşmiş Milletler Kalkınma Programı’nın (BMKP) İnsani Gelişme Endeksine aittir. http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/hdr_20072008_en_indicator_tables.pdf adresinden bu verilere erişilebilir. Mevcut olan en güncel sayılar Doğumda Ortalama Yaşam Süresi (2005) ve Yetişkin Okur Yazarlık oranıdır (1995- 2005 yılları arasındaki 15 yaş ve üzeri yüzdesi). Aksi belirtilmediği takdirde ulusal okur yazarlık oranlarına dair bilgiler 1995 ve 2005 yılları arasında yapılan nüfus sayımına ya da anketlere dayanmaktadır. Daha fazla bilgi için BMKP internet sitesine ya da www.uis.unesco.org adresine bakınız. BMKP’nin ‘yüksek insani gelişmişlik’ aralığında değerlendirilen bazı ülkeler, BMKP tarafından İnsani Gelişme Endeksi hesaplarken yüzde 99 okur yazarlık oranına sahip varsayılmıştır. Söz konusu durumlarda Yetişkin Okur Yazarlık Oranı verisi kaldırılmıştır. Tüm Nüfus ve 5 yaş altı ölüm oranı rakamları 2008 yılı için geçerlidir ve BM Nüfus Fonu’nun Demokratik, Sosyal ve Ekonomik Göstergeleri’nden alınmıştır. www.unfpa.org/swp/2008/presskit/docs/en_indicators-sowp08.pdf adresinden bu verilere erişilebilir. Nüfusa dair rakamlar yalnızca tanımladığımız durumlardan etkilenen insan sayısına tekabül etmektedir. Uluslararası Af Örgütü bu rakamların sınırlamalarını kabul eder ve tartışmalı bölgeler veya belirli nüfus topluluklarının dahil edilmesi ya da hariç tutulması gibi sorunlarda taraf tutmaz. Bu rapordaki bazı ülkelerde yukarıda belirtilen kategorilerin bazıları veya tümü eksik olabilir. Bu eksiklikler BM listelerinde bu verilerin mevcut olmaması gibi çeşitli nedenlerden dolayıdır. Bu rakamlar baskı öncesinde elde bulunan en son rakamlardır ve yalnızca belirtilen amaçlar içindir. Verilerdeki yöntem ve zamanlama farklılıklarına
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