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(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8,686,712 B2 Gupta Et Al

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(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8,686,712 B2 Gupta Et Al USOO8686712B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8,686,712 B2 Gupta et al. (45) Date of Patent: Apr. 1, 2014 (54) TIME STRETCHENHANCED RECORDING (58) Field of Classification Search SCOPE USPC ................. 324/762.01–762.1, 754.01 754.3: 356/301, 73.1; 35.9/331, 336; 707/702 (71) Applicant: The Regents of the University of See application file for complete search history. California, Oakland, CA (US) (56) References Cited (72) Inventors: Shalabh Gupta, Los Angeles, CA (US); Bahram Jalali, Los Angeles, CA (US); U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS Ali Motafakker-Fard, Revere, MA (US) 6,724,783 B2 * 4/2004 Jalali et al. ........................ 372/9 7,873,272 B2* 1/2011 Kang .............................. 398,25 (73) Assignee: The Regents of the University of California, Oakland, CA (US) * cited by examiner (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this Primary Examiner — Tung X Nguyen patent is extended or adjusted under 35 (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm — John P. O'Banion U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. (57) ABSTRACT (21) Appl. No.: 13/855,564 A time-stretched enhanced recording scope (TiSER) is described using time stretch analog-to-digital conversion in a (22) Filed: Apr. 2, 2013 real-time burst mode. A chirpedoptical signal is modulated in response to receiving segments of an input signal. The optical (65) Prior Publication Data signal with its modulated input signal, is stretched through an US 2014/OO673OO A1 Mar. 6, 2014 optical medium and digitized to represent the waveform seg ment. TiSER provides ultra-fast real-time sampling within Related U.S. Application Data short segment bursts of the original input signal while pro viding an ability to detect non-repetitive events. Methods and (62) Division of application No. 12/623,359, filed on Nov. apparatus are also described for providing real-time informa 20, 2009, now Pat. No. 8,432,153. tion about inter-symbol information (ISI), rapidly determin (60) Provisional application No. 61/117,011, filed on Nov. ing bit-error rates (BER), performing time-domain reflecto 21, 2008, provisional application No. 61/178,552, metry (TDR), generating eye diagrams for serial data, filed on May 15, 2009. facilitating digital correction of data, clock recovery, optical carrier phase recovery, and otherwise increasing the speed (51) Int. C. and/or accuracy of a diverse range of high-speed signal mea GOIR 3L/00 (2006.01) Surement and processing activities. (52) U.S. C. USPC ............................................................ 324796 1 Claim, 19 Drawing Sheets 250-N 266a Optical Filter DCF -1310ps/nm 264a Digital Signal Processing Block U.S. Patent `~ol U.S. Patent Apr. 1, 2014 Sheet 2 of 19 US 8,686,712 B2 2 s (ne) epnduW eu6S U.S. Patent US 8,686,712 B2 79 ***** (~og 29 U.S. Patent Apr. 1, 2014 Sheet 4 of 19 US 8,686,712 B2 (ne) epnduw (ne) epnduw (ne) epnduW U.S. Patent Apr. 1, 2014 Sheet 5 Of 19 US 8,686,712 B2 …….~~?~~~~ (A) epncluy w is a a se a rape as as as a s is is is as s are s is as as a is is as a y w CO c\i Lo - Loo Lo Lo c\ renes CP y (A) epnduw U.S. Patent Apr. 1, 2014 Sheet 6 of 19 US 8,686,712 B2 (SGHd)e?eG>-----------------...º 17/ 9/ U.S. Patent Apr. 1, 2014 Sheet 7 Of 19 US 8,686,712 B2 (W) epnduw U.S. Patent US 8,686,712 B2 dojde"]uo&SCR U.S. Patent Apr. 1, 2014 Sheet 9 Of 19 US 8,686,712 B2 132 Calculate laser period Taser 134 Obtain Envelope e(t) and Common mode noise no(t) 136 Remove envelope modulation and ne(t) to obtain nth segment S(t) 140 138 (User input) is data synchronous with Obtain Trigger period ADC clock 42 Obtain Trigger period from the user 144 Obtain stretch factor M 146 Plot points on eye diagram using tout and Sn(t) 148 YeS 150 FIG. 11 U.S. Patent Apr. 1, 2014 Sheet 10 of 19 US 8,686,712 B2 170 Start 172 Input modulated and stretched data from the ADC 174 Input initially stored approximate value Of Tlaser 176 Chop and average stretched pulses acCOrding to Taser period 178 Skip stretched pulses aCCOrding to Taser period 18O Chop and average stretched pulses acCOrding to Taser period 182 Measure walk-off using cross-correlation peak or rising-edge Zero Crossings. 184 Tlaser, new Tlaser, old Walk-off/ Num Stretched Pulses 186 Stop FIG. 12 U.S. Patent Apr. 1, 2014 Sheet 11 of 19 US 8,686,712 B2 1 O Average of first 50 Average of first 50 stretched pulses stretched pulses (SSEE -> -s; 5 A. $8 s 1000 pu SeS) O * - Walk-off (in \ '', | 1000 pulses) N s 5 - 1 O O 10 20 30 40 50 60 Sample # (Time) F.G. 13 2000 1500. MN 1000 e - # Of samples by which the \ peak is shifted from the zero / 500 \ position denotes the number/ -500 & -1500 10 20 30 40 50 60 Sample # (Time) FIG. 14 U.S. Patent Apr. 1, 2014 Sheet 12 of 19 US 8,686,712 B2 190 192 Obtain stretched segments modulated with data Perform differential operation by subtraction of negative modulation 194 signal from positive modulation signal Call signal for nth pulse x(t) 196 Obtain Maximum and Minimum of multiple pulses 198 Obtain envelope e(t) as Maximum-Minimum 2OO Obtain common mode noise noM(t)=(Maximum+Minimum) Obtain signals that are free of envelope modulation and Common mode noise as 204 FIG. 15 U.S. Patent Apr. 1, 2014 Sheet 13 Of 19 US 8,686,712 B2 site is ss is is a s 007||000||000||0080090070030 <- (SOA) epn(duw U.S. Patent Apr. 1, 2014 Sheet 14 of 19 US 8,686,712 B2 2O 22 Obtain values of D1 and D2 to get rough stretch factor M = 1 + D2/D1 214 Use leading part of stretched segment samples 216 Use trailing part of stretched segment samples 218 Obtain walk-off between these two eye plots 224 is walk-off significant No-O stop) Yes 222 Change the value of M so that this walk-off is reduced FIG. 17 U.S. Patent Apr. 1, 2014 Sheet 15 Of 19 US 8,686,712 B2 (A) epnduW U.S. Patent Apr. 1, 2014 Sheet 16 of 19 US 8,686,712 B2 m. Before COrrection 40 Due to channel-to- |M|..... After Correction channel Skew 3. p 20 s e so 10 O -20 Time (ns) FIG. 19 Before Correction - Before Correction (Curve Fit) - After Correction (Curve Fit) 0.05 O.O. W-----------------------------------------------------------------------was w 0.005 or O 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 U.S. Patent Apr. 1, 2014 Sheet 17 Of 19 US 8,686,712 B2 972 992 ?? 292 U.S. Patent Apr. 1, 2014 Sheet 18 of 19 US 8,686,712 B2 U.S. Patent Apr. 1, 2014 Sheet 19 Of 19 US 8,686,712 B2 - Who NL distortions Correction - Wil a Csin oper ation (ap)unu?00dS Frequency (GHz) FIG. 23 - W/O NL distortions Correction - W/ broadban d linearizati O 8 x x x 8 x 8 sex xxx xx xxx x s x x X x X x x x 8 x x 8 x x x x 8. Frequency (GHz) F.G. 24 US 8,686,712 B2 1. 2 TIME STRETCHENHANCED RECORDING ing analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) to translate these SCOPE signals to a digital representation. ADCs, therefore, are cru cial components for the majority of modern day electronic CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED devices. It is natural, therefore, that the demand for lower APPLICATIONS power, faster and higher resolution ADCs is continuing to grOW. This application is a division of U.S. patent application Ser. Ultra-wideband high-resolution ADCs, in particular, are No. 12/623,359 filed on Nov. 20, 2009, now U.S. Pat. No. required for a number of extremely important applications. 8,432,153 incorporated herein by reference in its entirety, For example, to satisfy the increasing bandwidth demands for which is a nonprovisional of U.S. provisional application Ser. 10 Internet backbones and data centers, optical links are being No. 61/117,011 filed on Nov. 21, 2008, incorporated herein tested which achieve data rates as high as 100-Gbps per by reference in its entirety, and a nonprovisional of U.S. wavelength channel. Examples include the 100G Ethernet for provisional application Ser. No. 61/178,552 filed on May 15, local area networks and the 100G transport for long-haul 2009, incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. portion of the networks. These links are configured for using 15 advanced modulation formats to achieve high spectral effi STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY ciencies. To demodulate these signals and to correct for the SPONSORED RESEARCH ORDEVELOPMENT impairments Suffered by data after it propagates through the optical transmitter, fiber and receiver, the receivers in these This invention was made with Government support of extremely fast optical links require ADCs with bandwidths in Grant No. N66001-07-1-2007 awarded by DARPA. The Gov the tens of GHZ range. High-speed ADCs are also increas ernment has certain rights in this invention. ingly finding applications in advanced test and measurement This application is also related to U.S. Pat. No. 6,288,659 equipment, radar systems, software defined radios and bio which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
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