History of the Church
Creation to Christ - Man Creation – ”ex nehilo” – In the beginning (Gen 1:1 & John 1:1) Man & Woman – “imagio Dei” – “Be fruitful and multiply and fill the earth and subdue it, and have dominion over it.” (Gen 1:26-28) Free will ➔ self satisfaction: “Knowledge of Good and Evil” (Gen 2:17) “Jealousy and murder” (Gen 4:8) “The wickedness of man was great in the earth, and that every intention of the thoughts of his heart was only evil continually. (Gen 6:5)
Creation to Christ - Rescued Flood ➔ Noah: “righteous & blameless – he walked with God” (Gen 6:9) Chosen ➔ Abraham: “I will make of you a great nation” (Gen 12:2) Isaac: “I will establish my covenant with him as an everlasting covenant for his offspring after him.” (Gen 17:19) Jacob/Israel: “Behold, I am with you and will keep you wherever you go, and will bring you back to this land.” (Gen 28:15) Joseph: “The LORD was with Joseph, and he became a successful man, and he was in the house of his Egyptian master.” (Gen 39:2)
Creation to Christ – Freedom & Land Moses: “Come, I will send you to Pharaoh that you may bring my people, the children of Israel, out of Egypt.” (Exo 3:10) Joshua: “Do not be frightened, and do not be dismayed, for the LORD your God is with you wherever you go." (Jos 1:9) Judges: “there arose another generation after them who did not know the LORD or the work that he had done for Israel and the people of Israel did what was evil in the sight of the LORD and served the Baals.” (Jdg 2:10-11)
Creation to Christ - Kings Samuel the Kingmaker Saul (1080-1012 BC) Consolidates Israel Mighty? Warrior Unworthy Sacrifice David Spares Saul Covenant (Name, Place, House, Rest) Psalms Adultery Murder
Creation to Christ – Division & Destruction Following David, is Solomon Chose Wisdom over Wealth Built His Palace and then The Temple His Wives “turned his heart after other gods” Left his kingdom to Rehoboam and Jeroboam The Kingdoms of Judah and Israel They (38/39)did “what was evil in the sight of the Lord” Israel tries unsuccessfully to bribe the Assyrians, who invade in 722 BC. Babylon overtakes Assyria and Judah, taking captives in 586 BC.
Creation to Christ – Return to Jerusalem Cyrus of Persia overtakes the Babylonians – 538 BC 50,000 Israelites Return Temple Rebuilt – 515 BC Jerusalem Wall Rebuilt
Creation to Christ – Inter-Testamental Period – Malachi to John the Baptist 2nd c. BC - Translation of the Bible into Greek (Septuagint) 2nd c. BC – Hasmonean independent Dynasty of Israel (Jews) – by the Maccabeans 1st c. BC – Rome takes over Israel
Early Christianity: The 1st Century Jesus began His ministry at the Jordon River in Galilee ~ 30 AD. Jesus was crucified, died and rose from the dead on Easter Sunday ~ 33. Jesus appeared to many people during the 40 Days after Easter. Jesus ascended into heaven. The Holy Spirit came on Pentecost, starting the church.
The Disciples Build the Church James, Peter and John in Jerusalem Paul in Asia
The Recorded Fates of the Apostles Andrew – crucified (X) in Greece Peter – crucified inverted in Rome James/Zebedee – beheaded in Jerusalem (Acts 12:2) Matthew – killed by a sword in Ethiopia +James/Joseph – thrown from the pinnacle of the Temple Bartholomew – flayed by whip in Turkey Thomas – killed by a spear in India Matthias – stoned and beheaded in Cappadocia(Eastern Turkey)
The Missions of Peter ~ AD 36 Jerusalem to Lydda – healing a paralyzed man, Aeneas (Acts 9:34) Lydda to Joppa – raised the child Tabitha from the dead (Acts 9:40) Joppa to Caesarea – the conversion of Cornelius, the Centurion (Acts 10:44- 48)
Missions of Paul: #1 – Galatia – 46-8 AD with Barnabas and Mark - from Syrian Antioch to Cyprus (abandoned by Mark), Pisidian Antioch, Lystra, and Derbe, returning along the same path (Acts 13-14). Paul always started with the Jews (in their Synagogues) and then continued with the Gentiles.
1st Council of the Church – 49 AD AD 48 – Peter comes to Syrian Antioch from Jerusalem, sharing fellowship with the church (Gentiles separately from Jews). Others from James in Jerusalem join in – Peter stands with the Jews for circumcision. Paul, Silas & Barnabas arrive, having heard the Judaizers were spreading a “false Gospel” in Galatia. All proceed to Jerusalem to consult +James. Peter and even Barnabas stand against Paul. +James makes the decision in favor of the Gentiles - a letter would be circulated (Acts 15). Paul writes to the Galatians – justified by faith, not law – and he and Barnabas return to Antioch.
Missions of Paul: #2 – Greece – 49-52AD On returning to Antioch from Jerusalem, Paul wants to re-visit Galatia Paul sets out with Silas – Barnabas won’t join, b/c Paul disallows Mark In Lystra, they take on Timothy (a Gentile @ 20 yrs.) – they circumcise him? The Holy Spirit leads them to Troas, where they pick up Luke (Acts 16:10) Led next to Philippi, they meet Lydia, and baptize her household Paul heals a “magic” slave-girl, and is beaten and imprisoned After an earthquake, their Jailer is converted baptized - him and 7 others The Magistrates beg “Roman” Paul to leave, which he does. w/o Luke (Acts 16:19) Arriving in Thessalonica, Paul preaches for 3 weeks in the Synagogue
Missions of Paul: #2 – continued Converting many, but encountering violent opposition, they head to Boroea Chased out of Boroea by the Thessalonian Jews, Paul & Timothy go to Athens Paul sends Timothy back to Thessalonica to check on them In Athens, Paul preaches for days in the market, but is arrested & questioned After preaching in the Aeropagus, Paul is acquitted of charges and converts some Proceeding to Corinth alone, Paul will stay for 18 months (Acts 18) ➔ synagogue Paul meets and converts Aquila and Priscilla (tentmakers from Rome) Timothy returns with great news from Thes., and Paul replies with 1 Thessalonians (50 AD) - message: sex, $, Parousia – applies to Corinthians also
Missions of Paul: #2 – continued Still in Corinth, now with Silas and Timothy (Jews evicted from Rome by Nero 49 AD) Paul writes 2 Thessalonians (51 AD) – encouraging them against the persecution Crispus, the synagogue leader is converted, but opposition mounts Paul heads for Jerusalem with the collection
Missions of Paul: #3 – Ephesus – 53-57AD Paul returns to Ephesus, checking on his Galatian churches in route Teaching in the synagogue, he is held, beaten, and jailed by the Jews In Ephesus, Paul writes 0 Corinthians (1 Cor 5:9-11): unworldliness, and then 1 Corinthians: the lordship and requirements of Christ Remarkable success is found in Ephesus, and healings – Epaphras and Philemon would take the Gospel home with them Paul sends Timothy and Erastus ahead of him to Corinth (Acts 19:22) A riot is started in Ephesus against Paul (Demetrius the silversmith) Paul escapes, but is rejected by Corinth – they “follow” other leaders (1 Cor 4)
Missions of Paul: #3 – Ephesus – 53-57AD Dejected, Paul returned to Ephesus, only to be jailed from 55-56 Paul would write 1.5 Corinthians – the painful letter – reprimanding them (2 Cor 2:3-4) In his depression and fearing execution, Paul would meditate on the Sovereignty of Christ. He would also write several letters: Philippians – The Hymn, and thanks for sending Epaphroditus Philemon – a personal letter begging for Onesimus’ “life” Colossians – encouraging Philemon’s church Ephesians – a circular (Laodiceans) ➔ “unique and true Christians”
Missions of Paul: #3 – Ephesus – 53-57AD In 56, Paul would be released from prison (by Aquila & Priscilla?) and travel toward Corinth via Colossae & Philippi to try to repair the break Paul begins writing (in bits and pieces) 2 Corinthians Someplace West of Philippi, he meets Titus, coming from Corinth, who delivers the great news that Corinth has repented (2 Cor 7:6-7) While in Corinth, he writes (carefully) the masterpiece of Romans (57 AD) Late in the year, Paul gathers the Collection and returns to Jerusalem
Paul’s Final Years – 57-64 AD 57 – Arrested in Jerusalem – “hearings” there and in Caesarea – “Roman” 59 – Sent to Rome 60 – House arrest in Rome – writes 1 & 2 Timothy and Titus 62? – released and travels to Spain? 64 –Nero’s Roman Fire – Paul beheaded in Rome 66-70 – Roman-Jewish War 70 – Fall of Jerusalem
The end of the 1st Century 44 – Rome conquers the Brits – Christianity travels to Glasotonbury, Britain 64-68 – Nero’s Persecution of Jews and Christians, until his death 65 – Peter beheaded in Rome 67 – Linus (fellow worker of Paul – 2 Tim 4:21) consecrated as the 2nd Bishop of Rome – he divides Rome into 25 parishes. Clement (also w/Paul – Phil 4:3) will succeed Linus 70 – After the Fall of Jerusalem, Christians aren’t allowed in synagogues – Christians go into hiding 75? – The Didache “The Teaching” is written: Ethics. Rituals, & Organization 95-96 – Domitius’ Persecution – John, the wandering prophet exiled
The Early Church By 150, the Eucharist was the central act of worship Sunday Worship – reading, preaching, singing psalms and hymns and Eucharist Art appears – there is a difference between idol and symbol = the means – the reminders By 200, the Christian Year has developed – sanctification of time Easter on Sunday – preparation before Writers: Clement, Irenaeus, Eusebius, Origin, Justin Martyr, Papias, Polycarp
Heresy – Wrong Teaching Marcion – OT is irrelevant (& NT refs to it) – OT God overthrown by Christ (not human) - Docetism Sabellius – Modalism/Dualism (separateness) & Patripassianism (Father died) Montanus – the mouthpiece of the H.S. – Puritan – anti-establishment Valentius – Gnostic – spiritual vs. physical – only the “mature” know Arius – Christ not divine Donatist – rigorists – re-baptize the lapsed – re-ordain the traitors By end of the 2nd Century, Baptismal Creeds were developed as a remedy Pelagius – sinless man (vs. Augustine of Hippo: GRACE)
Constantine (ca. 288 – 377) 306 - Co-Emperor w/ rival Maxentius 312 – defeats Max at Milvan Bridge, having dreamt and affixed a + to his banner – “Conquer By This” 313 – Edit of Milan – end of persecution & increased privileges – buildings, meetings on Sunday… 313 - the Donatists appealed to C. to settle the schism in North Africa – violence erupts 325 - Council of Nicea
Councils of the Church 325 – Nicea – called by Constantine – Arianism: Jesus not divine 381 – Constantinople – Arianism again – Nicene creed revised (except 33 words) 431 – Ephesus – Nestorianism: Jesus not divine 451 – Chalcedon – Docetism: Jesus not human
One God, Two Testaments, Three Creeds, & Four Councils in Five Centuries.
The Fifth – Seventh Centuries Churches start being built: Basilica Style Art & Ornamentation Introduced – culture and style Illuminated Manuscripts/Codices 5 Patriarchs: Jerusalem(James), Antioch(Peter), Alexandria(Mark), Rome(Peter), and Constantinople(Andrew) The Three-fold Offices are in full use: Bishop, Presbyter, & Deacon Leo the Great (440-461) begins Centralizing Church Government. Gregory the Great (590-604) establishes Rome as the center with Constantinople as the other see. Monasticism spreads into Europe from Egypt – (530) Where Constantinople was stable, Rome was not – neither for long.
The Eighth – Eleventh Centuries Charlemagne (800) – authority over Empires The Great Schism (1054) – jealousies + theologies = split Nicholas vs Photius The Crusades from the West
The European Reformation Martin Luther (1483 – 1546) – an Augustinian Friar in Germany 1516 – Indulgences sold to rebuild St. Peter’s Bascilica in Rome – “when the coin rings, a soul springs (from purgatory)” 1517 – 95 Theses against Indulgences 1510-20 – Justification by FAITH 1520 – Excommunicated by Pope Leo X 1521 – Diet of Worms – Charles V distracted by the Turks
European Reformation - spreading The Printing Press Disseminated Ideas Luther (Germany) Lutherans Zwingli (Zurich, Swtz.) & Calvin (Geneva, Swtz.) Presbyterians Congregationalists Anabaptists (Amish, Mennonites (rej.)
The English Reformation - Prelude 1350 – Edward III rejects Pope Gregory IX/Avignon naming of Roman Bishops (collecting tithes for France) – needs $ 1521 – Henry VIII writes a book on the Sacraments vs. Luther – named “Defender of the Faith” by Pope Leo X 1509 – Henry (age 18) marries Catherine of Aragon ➔ Mary only 1525 – Henry (age 34) meets and desires Anne Boleyn (age 23) 1533 – New +++Cranmer ➔ Cathrine invalid ➔ Henry marries Anne – Pope Clement VII excommunicates Henry and Cranmer 1534 – Act of Supremacy, Act of Succession
The English Reformation - COE 1536 – William Tyndale executed for his illegal Tyndale Bible 1536 – Henry abolishes the English Monasteries - $$$ 1544 - +++Cranmer ➔ prayers for the Army – well received, which prompts the 1549 BCP 1553 – Edward VI dies ➔ Catholic Bloody Mary reverses COE 1558 – Mary dies ➔ Elizabeth I restores COE 1563 – Thirty-nine Articles approved by Parliament 1603 – Elizabeth dies ➔ James I ➔ Authorized Bible (1611) 1649 – Charles I beheaded by Cromwell & the Puritans ➔ Commonwealth Era 1660 – Monarchy Restored ➔ Charles II ➔ 1662 BCP
The New World New Spain: Conquest + Conversion 1565 - St. Augustine, Fl 1598 – New Mexico 1860’s – Arizona 1682 – Texas 1728 - California New England (pretty much by state): Puritans (Calvinist, legalist & Scriptural) Anglicans Others: Quakers, Roman Catholics, and Congregationalists
American Revolution and the COE 1784 – Methodist Church started by Wesleyan leaders. 1776 – Independence – ½ of the clerics flee – no bishops in US 1782 – William White proposes that Apostolic Succession be dropped 1784 - Samuel Seabury consecrated by Scottish Bishops 1789 – US BCP adopted at 1st General Convention 1794 – 1st African Episcopal Church admitted to Diocese of PA 1804 – Absalom Jones ordained as 1st African-American Priest 1833 – Oxford Movement in the US started by John Hobart 1835 – Jackson Kemper consecrated as Missionary Bishop of the West 1842 - +Kemper and Breck+ found Nashotah House
The Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States of America 1839 – Charles Lyell (Anglican) ➔ Elements of Geology 1859 – Charles Darwin (Anglican) ➔ Origin of Species 1892 & 1928 – New BCPs 1960 - +James Pike (CA), denies virgin birth, Trinity, and incarnation 1970 – ECUSA approves women deacons 1971 – Two women ordained priest in Hong Kong 1974 – Eleven women ordained priest in Philadelphia, PA 1976 – ECUSA approves the ordination of women to all 3 orders 1979 – New BCP
Splitting from TEC 1979 – General Convention: Intolerance to those not ordaining women 2002 - Anglican Consultative Council calls for a Moratorium on Unilateral Actions 2003 – Gene Robinson consecrated bishop of New Hampshire 2006 – Dio FW requests “Alternative Primatial Oversight” along with SC, Pittsburgh, San Joaquin, Springfield, Central Florida, Albany, Dallas & Quincy 2007 – Diocese of South Carolina splits from TEC, clergy deposed & lawsuits 2008 – Dio/Pittsburgh Bishop deposed, and then splits ➔ Southern Cone 2008 – Dio FW splits ➔ Southern Cone 2009 – Diocese of Fort Worth sues Diocese of Fort Worth and +Iker – ACNA created with EDFW as one of the founding Dioceses. 2011 – Texas Circuit Court rules in favor of TEC, granting them all of EDFW property – EDFW appeals – Texas Court of Appeals passes the case to TXSC 2013 – Texas Supreme Court directs Texas Circuit Court to rule using Neutral Principals of Law 2015 – Texas Circuit Court rules in favor of EDFW – TEC appeals 2018 – Texas Court of Appeals reverses the Circuit Court decision in favor of TEC – EDFW appeals to TXSC 2019 – Filings completed for TXSC petition to hear the appeal