CENTRE FOR GRADUATE STUDIES, RESEARCH AND COMMERCIALIZATION
Guidelines for Preparation of Thesis and Project Paper (3rd Edition, 2015)
GUIDELINES FOR PREPARATION OF THESIS AND PROJECT PAPER
(3rd Edition 2015)
Centre for Graduate Studies, Research and Commercialization (CGSRC)
All theses presented to the Centre for Graduate Studies, Research and commercialization (CGSRC) must conform to the policies, format, and conventions described in this manual.
(c) Copyright Reserved. CGSRC, CUCMS 2015.
Contact information: Graduate Studies Secretariat: [email protected]
Phone: +603-8313-7175; Fax: +603-8313-7001 Office Hours: 9:00am–6:00pm (Monday – Friday)
Office location: Quadrant 2D, Main Campus, Cyberjaya University College of Medical Sciences, No. 3410, Jalan Teknokrat 3, Cyber 4, 63000, Cyberjaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
CUCMS GUIDELINES FOR PREPARATION OF THESIS AND PROJECT PAPER
Table of Contents INTRODUCTION ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS ...... 3 1.1 Paper Specifications ...... 3 1.2 Guidelines for Typing ...... 4 1.3 Printing and Duplication ...... 9 1.4 Corrections after the Examination ...... 9 1.5 Binding ...... 9 FORMAT / LAYOUT ...... 11 2.1 Organisation ...... 11 2.2 Information on the cover ...... 11 2.3 Title Page ...... 12 2.4 Abstract and Its Translation ...... 13 2.5 Declaration Page ...... 13 2.6 Dedication (optional) ...... 13 2.7 Acknowledgements ...... 13 2.8 Table of Contents ...... 14 2.9 List of Tables / Figures, Etc ...... 14 2.10 List of Abbreviations / Symbols, Etc ...... 14 2.11 Body of the Text ...... 14 2.12 References ...... 15 2.13 Appendices (if any)...... 15 REFERENCES ...... 16 3.1 Introduction ...... 16 3.2 Conventions of Writing References ...... 18 3.3 Writing Complete Reference Data for Books ...... 19 3.4 Articles in Journals ...... 21 3.5 Articles in Proceedings ...... 21 3.6 Electronic Reference Materials ...... 21 APPENDIX ...... 23 (A) SAMPLE OF FRONT COVER ...... 24 (B1) SAMPLE OF SPINE (B1)...... 24 (B2) SAMPLE OF SPINE ...... 26 (C) SAMPLE OF TITLE PAGE ...... 27 (D1) SAMPLE OF ABSTRACT ...... 27 (D2) SAMPLE OF ABSTRACT IN MALAY ...... 29 (E) SAMPLE OF DECLARATION...... 30 (G1) SAMPLE OF LIST OF TABLES ...... 32 (G2) SAMPLE OF LIST OF FIGURES...... 32 (G3) SAMPLE OF LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS ...... 33 (G4) SAMPLE OF LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ...... 33 (H) SAMPLE OF FIRST PAGE OF A SECTION ...... 34 (I) SAMPLE OF FIRST PAGE OF A CHAPTER ...... 35 (J) SAMPLE OF TABLE VIA A LANDSCAPE VIEW ...... 36 (K) SAMPLE OF FIGURE...... 37 (L) STEPS TO SET THE CORRECT MARGINS ...... 38
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INTRODUCTION Your thesis/project paper will be among the most important pieces of work that you would ever write in your life. Its quality is a reflection not only on you, but also on to CUCMS. Therefore, this document produced by Centre for Graduate Studies, Research and Commercialization (CGSRC) is aimed at helping you to produce the best theses possible which would also be uniform with other theses/project paper produced by students of this university. The thesis/project paper should be written in good scientific English because it will be referred to by future students and researchers in your area of work. It is worthwhile to consider sending your final draft to a proof reader to ensure high quality of writing. Differences between a thesis and a project are generally related to the extent and focus of the research, the formatting of the finished written product, the requirement to give an oral defense of the work, and the final approval of the finished product. A thesis is typically longer than a project and is a well-organized, thoroughly documented scholarly paper, detailing research purpose, methods, results, analyses, and conclusions. Research for a thesis maybe more extensive than research for a project in terms of the amount required, but this varies with the individual and the discipline. The focus of the research for a master's project is generally more applied than that for a thesis, with the student often defining a problem and developing a solution for it. The project may be a scholarly undertaking that results in a tangible outcome - a photo exhibit, a performance piece, a business plan, a technical report, a computer program, - that does not fit neatly within the framework of a traditional scholarly thesis paper. However, the final project should be accompanied by a paper written by the student that introduces, analyzes, and contextualizes the project, and demonstrates the student's familiarity with the relevant literature of the field. A master's project/paper receives final approval at the department level. While a thesis must be defended orally in a public forum, a project need not be so defended unless the department requires such a defense. Whereas a master's project only needs approval at the department level, a master's thesis must receive final approval from the CGSRC. For brevity, the word “thesis” is used to represent both thesis and project paper in the text. These instructions take precedence over any guidelines in your chosen style manual. Follow all instructions as closely as possible; any deviations must be approved by the Dean of CGSRC/respective Faculties. Finally, in line with the University Anti-Plagiarism Policy, all thesis submitted to the university must have a turnitin © report of maximum allowable unoriginal content (MAUC) of 30% or less. Centre for Graduate Studies, Research and Commercialization (2015) Acknowledgement: We would like to thank the Faculty of Pharmacy, CUCMS for providing us with the template from which this guideline was developed.
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PART I
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
1.1 PAPER SPECIFICATIONS
1.1.1 Size
A4 (21.0 cm x 29.7 cm).
1.1.2 Quality
The original copy must be acid-free paper, and quality of 80gsm. Duplicate copies should be via quality photo-stating.
1.1.3 Colour
Only white paper is accepted.
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1.2 GUIDELINES FOR TYPING
1.2.1 Font Style and Font Size
Candidates should only use Times New Roman throughout the entire thesis (except those sections requiring the use of foreign language) so that changes can be easily made if necessary. A laser printer is to be used to print the final version of the thesis.
The required font size is 12 points.
1.2.2 Headings
All headings (except subheadings) must be in bold CAPITALS and centred. Candidates are advised to refer to margin specifications to facilitate binding.
1.2.3 Margins Specifications
Left side : 3.8 cm (wider for binding requirements) Top edge : 3.0 cm Right side : 2.5 cm Bottom edge : 2.5 cm
Reminder i. Beginning of each chapter, except for references and appendices, must begin 5.0 cm from top edge of the page. ii. Table and figures must follow the specifications set out in 1.2.8 and 1.2.9. iii. The last paragraph on the page must have at least two full lines of text, if not; it should begin on the next page. iv. The last word in the last line on the page must be followed by a hyphen. v. Each page must contain at least one line of text.
1.2.4 Text Spacing
The line spacing of the basic text should be set at 2.0 (double spacing). Single spacing is permitted for i. statement of declaration ii. acknowledgements iii. abstract and translation of abstract iv. table of contents (note: 1.5 spacing permitted between chapter headings)
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v. list of tables and illustrations vi. footnotes vii. references (note: 2.0 spacing between entries) viii. appendix
1.2.5 Paragraphing and Line Spacing
The first line of paragraph should begin from the left margin. Subsequent paragraphs should have the first line indented 6 spaces or 1.25 cm from the left margin. Use the tab key for consistency. A heading that appears as a last line on a page will not be accepted. There should be a minimum of two lines of a paragraph at the bottom of the page under the heading.
1.2.6 Page Numbering Small Roman numerals (i, ii, iii …) are used for the preliminary pages (all pages before the introductory chapter). The Title Page is counted but not numbered. Therefore, the numeral ‘ii’ is the first number that will be printed and will appear on the Declaration Page. Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3 …) are used for all pages following the last preliminary page. If any printing appears on paper, that piece of paper is a page and must be counted and numbered. The page number must be centred to the text, not the page, and must be placed at the bottom of the page. Since the bottom margin is 2.5 cm, the page number should appear 1.3 cm from the above right side of the page. If you are using MSWord, the steps in appendix can be followed to set the correct margins.
1.2.7 Justification The body of the text must be fully justified (i.e., have even left and right margins) throughout the thesis except for the first line of paragraphs, but not the first paragraph of a section. Students are responsible to adjust extra spacing between words that may result from the justification of text.
1.2.8 Citation of references References that are cited in the text must follow the CUCMS Author-Date format. Write only the surname of the authors if there two or less authors of the article followed by comma and year of publication. e.g. There are several ways to reduce psychological pain. According to the Lisbon Group, the most effective is ………….. (Dean and Russell 2010). Their criteria were challenged by …………… (Dan 2012) because……. For references with more than two authors, only the first two authors are quoted followed by et al, and year of publication.
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e.g. Ironically a group in Malaysia rejected the hypothesis because of the reversibility of causation (Michael, Najib et al. 2003). 1.2.9 Tables Tables must be accurate and easy to read, and care is required in spacing, ruling, arrangement of headings, and placement with respect to the text. They are used to supplement the text, and therefore should be within the text or continue on the following page.
Numbering Tables should be numbered with an Arabic numeral and given titles, even though there may be very few tables in the thesis. The chapter and order in which the tables are mentioned in the text determine the numbering. For instance, if Chapter 3 has four tables, the tables should be labelled as Table 3.1, Table 3.2 and so on. All references to a table in the text should be by number.
Position Ideally, each table should come immediately after the first reference to it. However, it is best to finish the paragraph of the text in which the reference occurs before inserting the table. If a table cannot be accommodated in the space remaining on a given page, continue the text to make a full page and place the table at the top of the next page if it is still within the same subtopic.
If a table appears in the middle of a text page, three line spacing (3.0) should be left above table number and below table/notes (i.e., the table number is typed on the 4 fourth line following the text, and the text is continued on the fourth line below the bottom rule or the table's notes).
Size and Shape A table may occupy the full width of the page or less than the full width. In either case, each table must be centred horizontally on the page.
Width If a table is too wide for the page, it should be turned length-wise (i.e., use the landscape format), and placed horizontally in centre of page, however, within the prescribed margins. No text should be placed on a page containing a broadside table. The page number appears in its usual place, at the bottom of the page, not the table.
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Font size Ideally the 12-point font size is to be used. However, the 10-point font size may be used for content inside the tables if necessary. For any texts outside the table like table number, caption, title and notes, the 12-point font size should be used.
Continued Tables Long tables may be continued from page to page. The table number and title are to be placed at the beginning of the table; only the table number is given in the succeeding pages, for example, "Table 2 - Continued." Ordinarily, the column headings are repeated on every page including in a broadside table.
Title Each table must have a title. Place the table number above the table, and centre both; place the title after the table number, centred and single-spaced, spanning the width of the table. Leave one single line space between the title and the table, and between table and notes.
Notes There are three kinds of notes that are placed below the table:
i. A general note which qualifies, explains or provides information relating to the table as a whole and ends with an explanation of abbreviations, symbols and the like, designated by the word Note., italicized and followed by a period, for example:
Note. All significant three-way interactions were omitted. M=match process; N= non-match process.
ii. A specific note which refers to a particular column, row or individual entry: specific notes are indicated by superscript lowercase letters (a, b, c) and should begin with superscript a; the superscripts should be ordered from left to right across the table by rows, starting at the top left; different tables require their own specific notes (whenever needed). For example:
a n = 25 b This participant did not complete trials. iii. A probability note which indicates the results of tests of significance. Asterisks are usually used to identify probability values such as:
* p < .05 ** p < .05 two-tailed
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Notes to a table should use the 12-point font size and should be ordered in the following sequence: general notes, specific notes and probability notes. Each type of note should begin from the same margin with the table on a new line and possibly justified. For example:
Note. The participants’ responses were: a n = 25. b n = 42. * p < .05. ** p < .01.
1.2.10 Figures Figures are illustrative materials, which include drawings, paintings, photographs, charts, graphs and maps. The numbering, position, size, shape and width of figures are similar to those specified for tables. However, the number of the figure should be placed below the figure, at the left margin.
Photographs / Newspaper Cuttings Photographs, newspaper cuttings and the like must be scanned or digitally embedded in the text.
1.2.10 Oversized Material
Reducing Oversized Material to Standard Required Margins A copy that has been reduced on a photocopying machine to fit within the required margins of the 21.0 cm x 29.7 cm (A4) page must be legible. It must be scanned into the text.
Large Oversized Material Oversized material larger than 29.7 cm x 42.0 cm is either bound at the end of the manuscript or folded by the bindery for insertion into a special pocket that will be supplied when the manuscript is bound. Alternatively, very large oversize material may be bound (and folded) into a separate volume. The student’s name should be typed or neatly block-lettered within the text area (not outside the margins) in the lower right hand portion of the oversize page. All such material is to be referred to in the text and noted in the Table of Contents, List of Figures or Tables (e.g., “Plates 1 and 2 in pocket”).
1.2.11 Use of Colours
Colours may be used only for graphs, charts, pictures and photographs. For all other purposes, colour may be used only with the written approval of the faculty. If colour is used in the thesis, all copies of thesis for submission must be identical.
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1.2.12 CDs
Students must submit a softcopy of their thesis (CDs) along with the hardcopy to the faculty. CDs must be clear and sharp. The contents must be organised, and free of errors. The CD must be appropriately labelled and bear the: i. name of the author ii. title of the thesis/dissertation iii. matric number iv. name of the degree v. year of study vi. content of the item
1.3 PRINTING AND DUPLICATION
1.3.1 Printing Only one side of the sheet should be printed and after binding, the printed page should be on the right side when opening the manuscript.
1.3.2 Duplication / Photocopying All photocopied materials should be clear and sharp. Photocopied materials on any pages should be numbered as part of the thesis, and should be within the margins stipulated in the manual.
1.4 CORRECTIONS AFTER THE EXAMINATION
Students should make all the necessary corrections, amendments and revisions before submitting the final version to the faculty/CGSRC. The appearance of the finished work should be neat. Use of correction pen or tape is not allowed.
1.5 BINDING
FIVE (5) soft-bound copies of the thesis (all signed with black inked pen only) are to be submitted to the faculty/CGSRC for examination. Candidates must ensure that the format of the thesis / dissertation adheres to the format and style as in this manual.
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1.5.1 Final copies for the university THREE (3) hard-bound copies of the thesis should be submitted to the university after it has been examined by the examiners and all necessary corrections have been made. One of these copies must be original. At least one copy will be kept by the CUCMS library.
1.5.2 Colour of the cover
The colour shall be according to the type of degree;
Undergraduate: purple Master degree : maroon PhD : dark blue
Undergraduate Thesis
Masters Thesis
PhD Thesis
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PART II
FORMAT / LAYOUT
2.1 ORGANISATION
The thesis should be organised in the following order: a. COVER and SPINE b. TITLE PAGE c. DECLARATION PAGE d. DEDICATION PAGE (optional) e. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS f. ABSTRACT (in English and in Malay) g. TABLE OF CONTENTS h. LIST OF TABLES/ FIGURES/CASES/ STATUTES etc. (if any) i. LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS/ SYMBOLS (if any) j. BODY OF THE TEXT k. REFERENCES l. APPENDICES (if any)
2.2 INFORMATION ON THE COVER
2.2.1 Front cover Details on the cover should be in gold capitals, font size 18 to 24 points and should be in the following order:
Title of thesis (6 cm from upper edge of cover - Arranged in inverted pyramid)
Full name of the candidate (Name is as in identification card / Passport)
CYBERJAYA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES (Name of university)
Year of submission (The year of final submission of the thesis)
See example in Appendix A.
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2.2.2 The Spine Details should be typed in gold capitals, font size 18 to 24 points, in the following order:
Name of candidate (6.0 cm from upper edge of cover)
Degree (Abbreviated from in English) – (MSc or PhD)
Year of Submission
CUCMS (Abbreviation of the name of the university- 6.0 cm from lower edge of cover) (See examples in appendices B(1) and B(2)).
Note: If there is more than one volume of thesis, the words vol. I and vol. II, etc. must be typed across and in the middle of the spine.
2.3 TITLE PAGE
This page should provide the following information (single spacing, capitals) in the following order:
Title of thesis (In inverted pyramid - 6.0 cm from upper edge)
Full name of the author (As appears in identification card / passport)
Purpose of submission of thesis
THESIS SUBMITTED IN FULFILMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF …….. /MASTER OF MEDICAL SCIENCES / DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY etc.
FACULTY OF MEDICINE/PHARMACY/TCM/etc
Name of university (CYBERJAYA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES)
Year in which thesis is submitted to the university for examination (2 spaces after the name of the campus and 4.0 cm from the bottom edge of page). (See example in APPENDIX C).
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Reminder i. The first page (title page) is counted even though the page number is not typed in. ii. The first page of the text proper is counted even though the page number is not typed in. iii. Similarly for the first page of each section or chapter, the page number is not typed in but the page is counted.
2.4 ABSTRACT AND ITS TRANSLATION
The heading ABSTRACT is centred and in capital letters in 14-font size. The abstract should include the following:
a. The objective and aim of the study. b. The research design, methodology and instruments. c. The brief summary of research findings such as a new theory, terminology, assessment or evaluation.
The abstract should be between 200 and 300 words. It should be single-spaced, not exceeding one page. A thesis, regardless of the language in which it has been written, must be preceded by an abstract in ENGLISH, followed by a MALAY translation. Each version must be on a separate page and have the heading ABSTRACT for English and ABSTRAK for Malay. Each page is counted and must be numbered.
2.5 DECLARATION PAGE
The declaration must be on a fresh page, after the title page. It should be placed in the middle of the page. (Example – APPENDIX E).
2.6 DEDICATION (OPTIONAL)
The dedication page, if it is included, should be typed in double-spaced in the middle of the page and without a heading. This page is counted and numbered and must be proofread. The length of the dedication should be within 20 words.
2.7 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
It is normal to acknowledge any individual or organization that has rendered any sort of special assistance in the preparation of the thesis. The word ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS should be placed in the middle of the page. Candidates should avoid lengthy and wordy acknowledgements.
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2.8 TABLE OF CONTENTS
The table of contents must begin on a fresh page with the word contents centred between the left and right margins. It must contain the full list of contents found in the thesis, that is, the titles of each section, Chapter and subheadings. Titles and sub headings should be worded exactly as they appear in the body of the text. (Example –APPENDIX F).
2.9 LIST OF TABLES / FIGURES, ETC
A list is required if there are more than two tables or more than two figures in the paper. Titles and/or captions should be listed exactly as worded in the text. A single listing does not require a separate page and may be listed at the end of the table of contents or at the end of another list. Lists should be under the heading of LIST OF … and should follow the prescribed format.
2.10 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS / SYMBOLS, ETC
The list of abbreviations / symbols / terminology and glossary appears on a fresh page and is arranged in alphabetical order. These pages are also placed under the heading of LIST OF …
2.11 BODY OF THE TEXT
2.11.1 Length
Undergraduate: with course work: minimum 4,000 not more than 20,000 words. Masters (Coursework Mode): minimum 6,000 not more than 30,000 words. Masters (Research and Mixed Modes): minimum of 12,000 words but not more than 60,000 words. Doctor of Philosophy (Research Mode): minimum of 20,000 words but not more than 100,000 words.
Note: The total number of words does not include foot notes, quotations, appendices, formulae, tables, diagrams and the like.
2.11.2 Preface
The text may begin with a preface. The preface may appear before the first section or the first chapter. The heading PREFACE should be in capitals, 5.0 cm from the
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upper edge of the page and centred horizontally between margins. The first line of the text begins 3 spaces below the heading.
2.11.3 Sections
A thesis need not be divided into sections unless circumstances require it. Each section must begin on a fresh page and the heading section one must be 5.0 cm from the top edge of the page and centred horizontally between margins. A sub heading or the first line of text begins 3 spaces below the heading, following margin specifications. The same requirements apply for each subsequent section.
2.11.4 Chapters
The text may begin with a chapter that is CHAPTER 1. A chapter may be part of a section. The heading CHAPTER 1 should be 5.0 cm from the top edge of the page and centred horizontally between the margins. The title of the chapter begins 3 spaces below the CHAPTER 1. The same requirements are applied to subsequent chapters. (Example - APPENDIX I).
2.11.5 Content of the text
The content of the text includes all relevant information about the research and can be organized in to sections, chapters and subsections. The insertion of tables and illustrations must be according to guidelines given in this guide.
2.12 REFERENCES
The heading of this section is “REFERENCES”, typed in CAPITAL in 14-point bold letters.
2.13 APPENDICES (IF ANY)
If photocopying material from other sources, students should take care of the clarity and size of the copy. Page numbers other than those of the thesis should be erased. Only relevant material should be attached as appendices. The supervisor may be consulted on this.
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PART III
REFERENCES
3.1 INTRODUCTION
The list of references should begin on a fresh page with the heading REFERENCES 3.0 cm from the top edge of the page and centred horizontally between the margins. This section should contain all the resources that were referred to in the text.
The recording of references should follow the Author-Date System, CUCMS style. All references should be listed in alphabetical order. Titles of all published material such as titles of books and journals must be italicized.
Note: a. In reference list, information from books, journals, newspapers, interviews and similar sources is not classified or categorized. b. References may be typed single-spaced. The reference list should be typed according to the following guidelines based on the Author-Date system.
3.1.1 Transliteration If a reference is not in the language of the text (except for English), it should be transliterated into the language of the text. M
3.1.2 Author’s name The author’s name should be written in full, as it appears on the title page of the publication, or in the copy right information containing the cataloguing-in –publication-data, without any titles or honorifics.
a. The name of a western author with a family name must first be shortened to the family name, and the rest of his name initials. Examples: Henry Joss Moule Bernard becomes Bernard, H.J.M.
The initials are written after the family name, and are preceded by a comma.
Examples: H.J.M. Bernard is written as Bernard, H.J.M
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b. The name of an Arabic author should be written according to the family name.
Example: Sulayman ibn Ahmad al-Tabarani is written as al-Tabrani, Sulayman ibn Ahmad, and is listed alphabetically under T.
c. Names of Malay and Chinese authors are written in full should be similarly recorded. A name that has initials is written as in the following examples. In other words, initials follow the name.
i. Mohd A.H. is written as Mohd, A.H. ii. Ton S.H. is written as Ton, S.H. iii. Wan Hamirul M.A.A. is written as Wan Hamirul, M.A.A.
3.1.3 Titles of Publications
a. Use CAPITAL LETTERS for the initial letter of the title, and initial letter of each word of proper name. The rest of the title should be in lower case, except if the word is an abbreviation or acronym consisting of capital letters.
Examples:
Books …2000. The principle of cancer management...
Articles …2002. Wound care practice at HUKM...
b. English publications with titles beginning with `the` are listed in alphabetical order according to the first letter of the word after it.
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3.2 CONVENTIONS OF WRITING REFERENCES
i. References should be listed in alphabetical order Abdullah, A.M. 2008… Boni, R.1988… Cairul, M.S 2007…
ii. The publication of an individual author is listed before another publication in which the same author is the first writer and both publications are same year. Abdullah Hashim 2008… Abdullah Hashim & Muhammed Yunnus 2008…
iii. In case of publications in which one writer is the first writer, and the second and third writers are different; the works are listed according to the alphabetical order of names of second and third writers, and so on. Rosnani, H. and Shaharuddin, M. 2003… Rosnani, H. and Tariq, A,R. 2003…
iv. Works by the same author are listed according to the year of publication. Bahari, R. 2006… Bahari, R.. 2008…
v. Works by the same author, in the same year of publication are arranged in alphabetical order of the titles of the works and the letters a,b,c …. are attached to the year. Rosnani, H. 2000a. Rilmendine … Rosnani, H.2000b. Wound care…
vi. Where two writers have the same first name, they are listed according to the alphabetical order of their fathers` name or according to the first initial. Mohd bin Hatta. 2003… Mohd bin Salleh.2007…
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3.3 WRITING COMPLETE REFERENCE DATA FOR BOOKS
The complete information required for a book reference is as follows: Author’s name, fullstop. Year of publication, fullstop. Title of book (italics), fullstop. Editor, Compiler, Translator (if indicated), fullstop. Name of series and volume number or series number (where relevant), fullstop. Edition, if not the first edition, fullstop. Volume number, fullstop. Place of publication, colon. Publisher, fullstop.
Name of all co-authors must be listed. The year must be recorded. If published in more than one place, use the place that is named first example: ‘New York, Heidelberg, Berlin” will be recorded as ‘New York’ only.
3.3.1 Single Author
Brown, R. 1988. Topology: a geometric account of general topology, homotopy types and the fundamental groupoid. Chichester: Ellis Horwood Limited.
Miller, R.K. 1989. The informed argument. San Diego: Harcourt Barce Javonich Publishers.
Note: The second and subsequent lines are typed single-spaced and intended 1.25 cm or on the sixth space from left margin.
3.3.2 Co-authors Rosnani, H., Tariq, A.R., Suhaimi, H. 2003. In vitro effect of Rilmendine on insulin secretion. Malaysian Journal of Health 1 (1): 1-7.
Note: Names of all the authors must be listed. Initials appear after the name.
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3.3.3 New editions and reprints (Ed= Edition) Buckley, C.B. 1965. An anecdotal history of old times in Singapore. Reprint. Kuala Lumpur: University of Malaya Press.
Cohen, J. 1977. Statistical power analysis for the niversity sciences. Revised ed. New York: Academic Press.
3.3.4 Works that are known by their titles Oxford regional economic atlas: the Middle East and North Africa. 1960. London: Oxford University Press.
3.3.5 Compilations Farid M. Onn (ed.). 1982. Dinamisme dalam pengajaran, penyelidikan dan pentadbiran niversity. Working Paper 2. Bangi: Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.
3.3.6 Edited works Dunkel, P (ed.). 2001. Computer Assisted Language Learning and Testing: Research Issues and Practice. New York: Newbury House.
3.3.7 Work in a series Abu Osman bin Md.Tap. 1988. Matematik pertama. Vol.1 & 2. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
3.3.8 Translations
Battle, J.A. & Shahnon, R.L. 1978. Gagasan baru ilmu pendidikan. Trans. Jakarta: Penerbit Mutiara.
3.3.9 Monographs
Noraini Ibrahim. 1998. Reading Legal Cases. Monograph. Siri Penerbitan Fakulti Pengajian Bahasa, UTM. Johor: Faculty of Language Studies, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.
3.3.10 Chapter in a book
Shaharuddin M, Wan Hamirul B, Shaharin AH, Ang WT. 1997. Technetium- 99m pertechnetate- A tracer for radio labelling antibody for inflammation. Proceeding for the 9th National Biotechnology Seminar 1998. pp 261-268.
3.3.11 WHO WHO. 2004. Guidelines for the management of CHD. Geneva: World Health Organization.
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CUCMS GUIDELINES FOR PREPARATION OF THESIS AND PROJECT PAPER
3.4 ARTICLES IN JOURNALS
Provide the following information: Author’s name, fullstop Year, fullstop Title of article, fullstop Name of Journal (italics) Volume number (bold) Issue number (within brackets), colon Number of pages, fullstop
3.4.1 Single Author
Kaniappan, P. 1988. Duality in a convex vector optimization problem. Sains Malaysiana 17 (4): 429-460.
Mohammad Haji Alias. 1988. Pemilihan dan pembinaan model respons penawaran pengeluar getah asli. Jurnal Ekonomi Malaysia 18: 4-20.
3.4.2 Co- authors
Rosnani, H., Sharuddin, M., Ang, W.T., Wan Hamirul, W.K., Shaharin, A.H. 2003. Radiofarmaseutical dalam pengesanan inflamasi. Malaysian Journal of Health (l):61-72.
Note: ALL THE AUTHORS must be listed. Initials come after the name.
3.5 ARTICLES IN PROCEEDINGS
Abdul Rahim Shamsudin & Abdul Gahni Mohd Rafek. 1990. Kajian geofizik di lebuh raya Tangkah. Prosiding Persidangan Sains Bumi dan Masyarakat. pp. 281-290.
3.6 ELECTRONIC REFERENCE MATERIALS
Generally, references from electronic sources such as CD-ROM, internet, websites, electronic journals and electronic mail should provide the following information:
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CUCMS GUIDELINES FOR PREPARATION OF THESIS AND PROJECT PAPER
Name of author, full stop Year, full stop Name of journal/book (italics) Volume number (bold) Issue number (within brackets) Number of pages, fullstop Type of medium (within brackets) Website/file/e-mail address Date of access (within brackets), fullstop
Note: However the information may be adjusted if necessary, without affecting the validity of reference material. Examples:
Clark, J.K. 1999. Humidity sensor. Journal of Physics 2(2): 9-13 (online). http://www.cit.edu/phys/sensor.html (20 July 1999).
Kawasaki, J.L. 1996. Computer administered surveys in extension. Journal of Extension 33(3): 204-210 (online). http://www.apa.org/journals/sebret.html (18 November 1999).
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APPENDIX
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CUCMS GUIDELINES FOR PREPARATION OF THESIS AND PROJECT PAPER
APPENDIX
(A) SAMPLE OF FRONT COVER
edge
6.0 cm
Font size 18-24, Uppercase, Normal, AWARENESS OF SMOKING CESSATION PROGRAM IN Centred, Single PRIMARY HEALTH CARE CENTERS space between lines
3.8 cm
Font size 18-24, Uppercase, WAN MAISARAH BINTI WAN AHMAD KAMAL Normal, Centred
Font size 18- CYBERJAYA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICAL 24, Uppercase, SCIENCES Normal, APPENDIX B Centred, Single space 6.0 cm 2.5 cm between two lines
edge *Note: Use same font throughout the page.
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CUCMS GUIDELINES FOR PREPARATION OF THESIS AND PROJECT PAPER
(B1) SAMPLE OF SPINE (B1)
(For a thesis thicker than 2.5 cm)
6.0 cm
HAMIDBIN SAAD
6.0 cm
HAMIDBIN SAAD
Insert Vol. I or Vol. II for thesis that has more than 1 volume. MMedSc 2009 CUCMS
B.Pharm 2009 6.0CUCMS cm
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CUCMS GUIDELINES FOR PREPARATION OF THESIS AND PROJECT PAPER
(B2) SAMPLE OF SPINE
(For a thesis not thicker than 2.5 cm)
6.0 cm
HAMIDBIN SAAD
Ph.D Ph.D 2009
CUCMS
6.0 cm
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CUCMS GUIDELINES FOR PREPARATION OF THESIS AND PROJECT PAPER
(C) SAMPLE OF TITLE PAGE
edge
6.0 cm
AWARENESS OF SMOKING CESSATION PROGRAM IN PRIMARY HEALTH CARE CENTERS Font size 18-24, WAN MAISARAH BINTI WAN AHMAD KAMAL Uppercase , Normal, Centred, THESIS SUBMITTED IN FULFILMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF Single MASTERS IN CLINICAL PHARMACY space between FACULTY OF PHARMACY FACULTY OF PHARMACY the lines. CYBERJAYA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES CYBERJAYA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES CYBERJAYA
2009 4.0 cm SAMPLE OF
edge *Note: Everything is the same like as for cover page except the FACULTY is mentioned here.
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(D1) SAMPLE OF ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT
The effects of selective timber extraction on wildlife communities were studied in a hill dipterocarp forest at Nanga Gaat in Kapit Division of Sarawak. The main study area was systematically surveyed for one year before it was logged and for another year immediately after logging. Logging activity in the area resulted in almost 54% tree loss with another 13% being damaged. Species compositon of the forest was almost unchanged, but tree density was reduced by more then half. The changes in the diversity and density of primates, some other mammals, and birds following logging were documented: some species declined in number or became locally extinct, some remained relatively stable, others increased, and a few new species came into the logged area. The general trend is for the edge or coloniser species to replace those species which depend on undisturbed forest and which cannot survive elsewhere. All the primates present in the main study area declined in density after logging. The Bornean gibbons not only decline in density but also in average number of individuals in the group. Three squirrel species declined in density immediately after logging while four other species increased one year after logging. The density of two treeshrew species and three ungulate species also declined after logging. Small sample sizes and the effect of hunting might have contributed to the observed results. In birds, the effects of logging was more variable within and between species, feeding guilds, and sites. The only common trend was the decline in density of specialist feeding birds after logging, while the generalists increased - some many fold over their pre-logging densitu. While guidelines are being drawn by the government authorities towards sustainable loggging, it is believed that a system of totally protected areas and large undisturbed areas within concessions are needed to ensure continued survival of the fauna.
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CUCMS GUIDELINES FOR PREPARATION OF THESIS AND PROJECT PAPER
(D2) SAMPLE OF ABSTRACT IN MALAY
ABSTRAK
Kesan pembalakan berpilih terhadap komuniti hidupan liar telah dikaji di sebuah hutan dipterokap bukit di Nanga Gaat, Bahagian Kapit, Sarawak. Kawasan utama kajian ditinjau secara sistematik bermula setahun sebelum ia dibalak sehingga setahun selepas aktiviti pembalakan tamat. Pembalakan di kawasan tersebut mengakibatkan kehilangan hampir 54% jumlah pokok dan kerosakan terhadap 13% yang lain. Komposisi spesies hutan hampir tidak beruhah, tetapi kepadatan pokok berkurangan lebih dari separuh. Perubahan kepelbagaiman dan kepadatan primat, beberapa spesies mamalia lain dan burung selepas pembalakan telah didokumenkan: beberapa spesies berkurangan atau pupus di peringkat tempatan, beberapa spesies lain tidak berubah, bberapa spesies pula bertambah, dan beberapa spesies baru berhijrah ke kawasan tersebut. Tren umum ialah spesies pinggiran atau yang menjajah menggantikan spesies yang memerlukan hutan yang terganggu dan yang tidak boleh hidup di tempat lain. Kepadatan kesemua primat di kawasan kajian berkurangan selepas pembalakan. Ungka Borneo tidak hanya berkurangan dari segi kepadatan malah dari segi bilangan individu di dalam kumpulan. Kepadatan tiga spesies tupai berkurangan tetapi kepadatan empat spesies lagi meningkat selepas pembalakan. Kepadatan dua spesies tupai muncung (treeshrew) dan tiga spesies ungulat menurun selepas pembalakan. Saiz sampel yang kecil dan kesan aktiviti memburu mungkin telah mempengaruhi hasil kajian. Kesan pembalakan terhadap burung adalah lebih pelbagai di dalam dan antara spesies, kumpulan pemakan, dan tempat. Tren umum ialah kemerosotan kepadatan pemakan khusus berikutan pembalakan manakala kepadatan pemakan am meningkat, sesetengahnya berlipat kali ganda kepadatan sebelum pembalakan. Walaupun garis panduan ke arah pembalakan mampan sedang disediakan oleh pihak kerajaan, adalah dipercayau bahawa sebuah sistem kawasan-kawasan terlindung dan kawasan-kawasan tidak terganggu yang luas di dalam kawasan konsesi pembalakan wajar diwujudkan untuk memastikan kemandirian fauna yang berterusan.
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(E) SAMPLE OF DECLARATION
DECLARATION
I hereby declare that the work in this thesis is my own except for quotations and summaries which have been duly acknowledged. The thesis has not been submitted to any other academic institutions or non-academic institutions for any other degree or qualification. In the event that my thesis being found to violate the conditions mentioned above, I voluntarily waive the right of conferment of my degree and agree to be subjected to the disciplinary rules and regulations of Cyberjaya University College of Medical Sciences (CUCMS).
9 December 2015 ALIAH BINTI OSMAN GS 1001-0190
Approved by: ______ASSOC PROF DR MUHD NAJIB ALWI Main Supervisor
Date:
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CUCMS GUIDELINES FOR PREPARATION OF THESIS AND PROJECT PAPER
(F) SAMPLE OF TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS Content Page
ABSTRACT...... iii ABSTRAK...... iv APPROVAL PAGE...... v DECLARATION PAGE...... vi COPYRIGHT PAGE...... vii DEDICATION...... viii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS...... ix CONTENTS...... x LIST OF FIGURES...... xi LIST OF TABLES...... xii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS...... xiii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 General Introduction...... 1 1.2 Background to study...... 7
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 Theories of Bilingualism...... 51 2.2 Malaysian English...... 65
REFERENCES...... 69 APPENDICES...... 79
A Sample of pronunciation practice………………...... 189 B Sample of items manually recorded...... 192
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(G1) SAMPLE OF LIST OF TABLES
LIST OF TABLES
Table No. Page
2.1 The fatty acid composition (mole %) of adipose tissues from various sites of cattle and sheep 19
7.2 Texture profile of chicken frankfurters as influenced by fat temperature and fat source 41
(G2) SAMPLE OF LIST OF FIGURES
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure No. Page
1.1 Type of mixed gels 14
1.3 Solid fat content (SFC) of various palm shortening and palm olein 60
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(G3) SAMPLE OF LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
LIST OF PHOTOGRAPHS
Photograph No. Page
3.1 Histopathological changes post Injection with Cr34 41
3.2 Frozen surimi slices 42
(G4) SAMPLE OF LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
av compressibility du weight per unit mass CR compression ratio Cs coefficient of velocity
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CUCMS GUIDELINES FOR PREPARATION OF THESIS AND PROJECT PAPER
(H) SAMPLE OF FIRST PAGE OF A SECTION
5.0 cm
SECTION ONE
3 spaces (1.5 x 3)
CHAPTER I 3.8 cm 3 spaces (1.5 x 3)
2.5 cm INTRODUCTION
3 spaces (1.5 x 3)
Continued...
Processed meats are made up of
fat as essential component, 2.5 cm combining with protein to bind
water in the products. Emulsion
3.8 cm property of fat is important in
controlling the final texture and
sensory properties of the meat products...
3.0 cm
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CUCMS GUIDELINES FOR PREPARATION OF THESIS AND PROJECT PAPER
(I) SAMPLE OF FIRST PAGE OF A CHAPTER
edge
5.0 cm
CHAPTER I
3 Spaces 1.5 spaces x 3
INTRODUCTION
3.8 cm 3 Spaces 1.5 spaces x 3
1.1 BACK GROUND 2 spaces 1.5 spaces x 2 2.5 cm
Continued...
Phosphorous in its organic forms the 1 space movement of calcium plays a significant 1.5 spaces x 1 role in the bonding between the excitation at membrane level …….. 2.5 cm 2 spaces 1.5 spaces x 2
1.1.1.1 The composition of muscle
2 spaces 1.5 spaces x 2
3.8 cm Proteins made up 20% of the muscle
mass ……..
3.0 cm
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CUCMS GUIDELINES FOR PREPARATION OF THESIS AND PROJECT PAPER
(J) SAMPLE OF TABLE VIA A LANDSCAPE VIEW
3 single line spaces Table 10.3 Selected social indicators for Malaysia. 1 single line space
State Infant mortality rate Number of people per registered Number of patients per hospital bed Centred Centred between doctor 1970 1980 between the the margin 1970 1980 1970 1980 margin Selangor 29.4 66 63 89 72 74 Johor 30 25 77 36 52 89
1 single line space Source: Fourth Malaysian Plan, 1981-85, p 105.
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CUCMS GUIDELINES FOR PREPARATION OF THESIS AND PROJECT PAPER
(K) SAMPLE OF FIGURE 3 single line spaces
Centred Centred between between the the margin margin
1 single line space Figure 1.1 Addressing levels. Source: Forouzan, 2000.
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CUCMS GUIDELINES FOR PREPARATION OF THESIS AND PROJECT PAPER
(L) STEPS TO SET THE CORRECT MARGINS
a. Change “inches” to “centimetres”: Go to Tools and click on Options. Click on General. At the Measurement Unit box, indicate “centimetres.” Click OK.
b. Go to File and click on Page Setup. Click on Margins and enter the parameters as suggested in the above section (Top, Bottom, Left, Right margins). Next, click on Layout and in Paper Size, choose A4 (210mm x 297 mm), and set Footer at 1.3 cm and Header at 0 cms. To leave Click OK.
c. Before printing, go to File and click on Print. Next, click on Properties, click on Paper and choose A4 (210mm x 297 mm). Then, click on OK and again on OK.
d. Before printing, make sure that the paper is placed correctly on the Printer’s tray.
No dashes, periods, underlining or other marks should appear before, after or under the page number.
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