T !.he , uars by William D. Clark, MD San Antonio, TX Some areas ofthe ofnortheastern have patches offorest.

y worst fears were being real­ (and rumors of a econd population of mined to see and photograph every ized. A week and a half in similar size) thi is one of the earth's living pecie of macaw. I knew that ortheastern Brazil and we most threatened . this would be a rna t difficult, if not were probably going to miss seeing the I have had a lifetime interest in the impossible, task. It took everal trips to Lear's Macaw! But how could I com­ natural world in general and in ee my first macaw and several years plain? We had seen many beautiful and particular. I got my first pet birds in to see and photograph Blue & Gold, rare birds and had enjoyed the compa­ 19So--a pair of Budgies. Soon, I was Scarlet, Green-winged, Chestnut-front­ ny and instruction of two of the world's breeding them and learning all I could ed (Severe), Yellow-collared, Red­ finest field ornithologists. After all, it about the family. I became a shouldered (Noble and Hahns), took renowned Brazilian ornithologist serious student of wild in 1981 Hyacinth, Red-bellied and Blue-throat­ Helmut Sick many years ofsearching to when I made the first of 22 trips to ed (Canindae) . find the home range of these birds. Mexico, Central and to I missed eeing the Blue-headed With a known population of about 60 study them. With time, I became deter- and Military on a tour of Manu Park Peru, due to the demands of my per­ sonal schedule which caused me to leave early. I missed seeing the Red­ fronted on a tour of eastern due to a less than enthusiastic guide. This left those three species plus the Blue-winged (Illiger's), Spix's (one known in the wild) and the Lear's on my most wanted list. When I heard that Field Guides, Inc. was planning a tour of northeastern Brazil I signed up immediately. Unfortunately, military orders prevented my going. The sec­ ond time such a tour was offered I had another conflict and had to pass. Finally, Victor Emanuel Nature Tours (VE T) announced that they were going to have a similar tour in January 1997. I was excited to learn that Kevin Zimmer and Andrew Whittaker were going to lead this tour. I knew Kevin well from several past tours. I am convinced that he is among Comparison ofthe palm nutsfavored by Hyacinth Macaws (left) with the smalllicuripalm .the top five eotropical ornithologists nuts eaten by the Lear's Macaw. in the world. Andy was also known to the afa W ATCHBIRD 19 me by reputation as being a very cessful search for the home territory of knowledgeable, enthusiastic and this species, which ended in 1968. I skilled ornithologist. Originally from have even had the privilege of talking Great Britain, he has been a full-time with some of those who have done resident of Brazil for 11 years. He has more recent field research on these a Brazilian wife and has dedicated his birds (principally Dr. Judith Hart). From life to studying the life of his these sources, I knew that the range of adopted homeland. these birds was limited to a small area Northeastern Brazil is home of a ofnortheastern and that the most special type called caatinga studied population roosted and nested which comes in several subtypes all of in holes in the sides of rocky cliffs in which share low, thorny vegetation the red rock area called the Raso de exclusiveiv with interspersed cacti and terrestrial Catarina. I also knew that they were bromeliads. Such terrain does not fit palm specialists, much like the sim­ Caiques most people's conception of ideal ilar but much larger Hyacinth Macaw. habitat for macaws. In fact, at least two In fact their name comes from a British babies from species of macaws inhabit this type of artist named Lear who painted one of manv blood lines habitat (Lear's and Blue-winged) and the birds in the nineteenth century and several others regularly occur in savan­ mistakenly labeled it as a Hyacinth M.A.P. certified nas and/or dry forests (Hyacinth, Red Macaw. Other physical differences [email protected] & Green, Blue & Yellow, Scarlet, from the more familiar Hyacinth Yellow-collared, Red-shouldered, Red­ Macaw include a lighter shade of blue Ralph lima bellied, Blue-throated and Red-front­ feathers, a larger but less deeply col­ ed). So, don't always picture a rain for­ ored yellow cheek patch and a call (818) 703-1112 est when you think about macaws! much higher in frequency. P.O.Box 6496 Lear's Macaws are known only from a Dr. Hart and her written reports told Woodland Hills CA 91365 type of caatinga that features both me that extensive ranching in the rocky cliffs and licuri palms, Syagrns home territory of these birds has pro­ coronata. duced a serious concern for the future The visit to the Lear's home territo­ oftheir food source. Most ofthe palms ry was to be at about the midpoint of that bear are older trees that are the tour and was to occur in the late not being replaced by offspring due to afternoon on the way to our next stop. their being eaten by livestock as they It was originally planned that the emerge from the soil. Locals are being morning that followed would be a educated to provide protection for the backup time in case the macaws were tender young palms and this has pro­ missed the first time. However, duced some cautious optimism for the mechanical problems with our bus future of this key element of the birds' prevented the option of a second visit diet. to the site. I got more and more con­ It took about 15 minutes of search­ cerned as that special day wore on. A ing a field with a large stand of palms series ofdelays had put us well behind to locate a pair ofthese beautiful birds. schedule. It was going to be an all-or­ They were flying from tree to tree nothing attempt and the sun was set­ feeding on the nuts ofthe licuri palms. ting rapidly. Kevin and Andy appeared Kevin played his tape of Lear's calls calm and confident on the outside, but and the pair moved closer. Soon, sev­ I sensed a hint of concern below the eral pairs were visible, all working surface. There was less than an hour of their way closer. The sight of these 8990 Cerritos Ave. daylight when we arrived at the ranch precious hanging from the Anaheim, CA 92804 where the macaws were said to fre­ palms as they gathered and consumed (714) 527-3387 quently take their late afternoon meal. the palm nuts was mesmerizing. The (closed for vacation, first 2 weeks ofJuly) There were no sights or sounds to sug­ behavior of taking the palm nuts only 12200 Magnolia Ave. gest the presence ofthe macaws when from the trees contrasted with the Riverside, CA 92503 we scrambled off the bus. The ranch reports ofDr. Sick who wrote that they (909) 278-0878 owner met the group with a smile and gathered them from the ground. By (closed for vacation, first 2 weeks of August) led us into a pasture near his house. now, the sun was beginning to set and OPEN 9 TO 5 DAILY I had started my study of the Lear's the pairs were calling to one another. Closed Sun., Mon. & holidays Macaw by reading the reports of Dr. Pair by pair, they flew to a large dead Sick who described in detail his suc- tree with each new arrival trying to dis-

20 July/August 1998 place the bird in the highest perch. FinallY,14 of the world's rarest parrots were perched in the old tree, bathed in the glow of the setting sun. Kevin said that the locals told him that this is the common practice for the group of macaws that frequents that ranch. Andy and Kevin also told us that on their scouting trip to the area they spent two days with the e macaws but were never able to approach them closely. This was in sharp contrast to the behavior of Hyacinth Macaws on Brazil's . Kevin, Andy and I had led one or more tours each to that area and had learned how trusting that species is of humans. Locals told us A stand oflicuri that they were able to approach the palms} the staple birds rather closely in their daily work diet ofthe Lear's Macau'. routine, but were aware of their reac­ tion to strangers. I snapped off several photos of the macaws as they landed in the tree and several more during the few minutes they stayed there before departing for their rocky roosting site in the red cliffs we could see in the distance. I wished that our plans allowed for more encounters with these wonderful crea­ tures, but was thankful for the few minutes of company that we were allowed. A number of birds made my top 10 list during this tour. Who could forget the Great Xenops? Wasn't that cooper­ ative pair of Slender Antbirds a memo­ ry for a lifetime? How about the Silvery­ cheeked Antshrike, Red-shouldered Spinetail, Scarlet-throated Tanager or the Pectoral Antwren? Was that Cryptic A female Slender Antbird} a very Antthrush a killer or what? Didn't that rare endemic ofnortheastern Brazil. pair of Blue-winged Macaws allow me to scratch one more species from my macaw hit list? And, that White-browed Antpitta put on a great show! But none of those won top billing. During the last week of our tour we saw a family group of Pink-legged Graviteiros, a species in the ovenbird clan new to science that our leaders had never seen. Everyone else on the tour rated seeing that species as the highlight of the trip. ot me, I didn't Lear's Macaws in even take a picture. My thoughts were the late afternoon. still on those 14 beautiful blue macaws as they flew into the bronzed sky, their raucous calls echoing across the caatinga and their memory etching their way into my mind. •

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