III

LaeiiiriM ttipiidks; Ymite, venifc ittlMMdimi.-.

'Ifltu wt I'iiM iV l^iU wgeWnwMi Z Resident Rectors < DonuW P.

\km\t ciiomnii5i venik oioretpl 4 President's Page J&r. TAfodore Af C^.C. Ventlc tiilorenms.PowiinuW'. i 5 The Riven Foundation's $25,000 Qift

Dem ik ‘Dto, Um pi & lutii G Notre Dame's Department of History -• Gitslad pttolk vheem 8 Entertainers Extraordinary

10 Intellectual Muscle Men . q ® O 12 The Oldest Carillon in North America & Afwrp&y

14 Tax Dollars

15 The Heart of the Campus % P. Afeagher

18 Open Letter to AD Gorpwadow Peu. /oh*-/. Cmwzawg*,

*. W * WINTER Notre Dame alumni and friends will soon celebrate another blessed Christmas Season as the carillon in Sacred Heart Church echoe s with the strains of \deste Videlis. Sec stors on patjc 12.

I# B y DONALD P. ZEIFANG

The author is a junior in the College of Arts and Letters. In between at­ tending classes and writing articles for NOTRE DAME he is chief announcer at WSND, the student radio station. His home is in Niagara Falls, Y. N.

n N e w Y e a r ' s D a y of 1889, Sorin Hall was opened to the O students of Notre Dame. Simultane­ ously, the history of Notre Dame’s residence hall system was inaugurated. According to some records, this fifty- room “audacious experiment” was the first Catholic college residence hall offering private quarters to students. Since that momentous occasion, the residence hall system has evolved into a complex but highly efficient setup. Much as the family is the basic unit of the world’s society, the hall is the basic unit of society on campus, and Father Broestl is rector of Dillon Hall which houses the largest student its residents are, in a sense, members contingent on campus. Notre Dame’s ‘hall system’ was begun in 1889. of a big and (at least, ideally) happy family. The men whose job is to keep these ‘big families’ happy are the rectors and prefects—sixty-six all told—living in the fifteen campus residence halls. These men form a team in loco paren­ tis; their duties include vital functions in the spheres of discipline, religion, academic and social life. In executing RESIDENT their jobs, they come in close contact with the Prefect of Discipline, the Pre­ fect of Religion, the deans of the various colleges and the Vice-President for Student Affairs. The rector or prefect is primarily a RECTORS disciplinarian. In reality he is an educator who is helping young men learn how to live individually and as members of society. His first aim in helping students in their campus life is to get to know each and every one personally, for it is obviously easier for Students Learn to Live With Others the priest to exercise guidance and counsel in an atmosphere of friendli­ ness. The rector has more difficulty Under the Guidance and Counsel of than the prefect in establishing this friendly relationship, not only because of the greater number of students who Rectors and Prefects are under his jurisdiction, but also be­ cause of the burdensome amount of paper work which the rector must per­ form. However, if individual prob­ lems arise which demand the attention of the rector, he can consult the perma­ nent record of the student (which is

2 Notre Dame passed on yearly from rector to rector) rector, this crew-cut, quick-witted priest and the advice of the floor prefect. has no less than eight prefects to aid Extracts from Father Broestl’s mimeo­ As for the religious activities of the him in guiding 444 Dillonites through graphed. letters to Dillon Hall rector and prefect, the residence hall their junior year. Night checks, week­ residents : system provides an opportunity for the end permissions, and similar routines is Man a Rational Animal? student to come into first-hand contact take a good deal of the Dillon rector’s with the reality of the priesthood. The time, but to Father Broestl the biggest It may seem strange that I priest is set up as an example, and problem, especially in the autumn sea­ should ask this question: Is man that example can have a profound in­ son, is the overzealousness of newly- a rational animal? But if you fluence upon the Catholic laymen of elected hall officers who think that were to enter the TV room short­ the future who are living under the progress and change are synonymous. ly after our intellectuals have just same roof with him. “The trouble is,” explains the patient viewed a program contributing to Academically, the rector and prefect rector, “that after they’re gone, we have their mental growth, you would set the general tone of study. They to live with their changes.” tend to doubt man’s rationality. understand the problems which fre­ Rectors of some of the smaller halls The room, decorated and out­ quently confront students in the course prefer the intimacy of “chapel chats” fitted at great expense and with of their studies, because they are teach­ for making announcements pertinent to extreme care, resembles a hog ers themselves. In fact, the dean of the hall life. However, a chat with the pen. Now, I don’t object to your College of Arts and Letters, Father troops of Dillon would be so intimate being comfortable, and I would Charles Sheedy, is a floor prefect in as to approach that of the proverbial hesitate to draw up a list of rules Fisher Hall. Three rectors are depart­ “sardines in a can,” so Father Broestl and regulations for the TV room. ment heads: Father Thomas Cady ordinarily reverts to a frequent mimeo­ But it seems to me that with (Classics), Father Thomas McDonagh graphed epistle which accomplishes the everyone exercising a bit of care, (Economics), and Father Carl Hager desired back-patting and whip-crack­ the ash trays could be used for (Music). Four rectors teach religion: ing. your butts, and used food con­ Fathers Joseph Haley, Leonard Collins, Father Broestl’s working day is his tainers could be deposited in the George Bernard and Robert Felton. whole day, from awakening to retiring. waste basket without inconveni­ Rounding out the group are: Fathers He is on the go before most of the encing anyone. At least it is worth Edmund Murray (History), John students have heard their alarm clocks a try. Walsh (Education), Ferdinand Brown in the morning, and he is awake after An Old Refrain (Mathematics), Lawrence Broestl they have reset those mechanical gad­ We are accustomed to hear on (German), Charles Harris (Physics), gets and hit the sack. football Saturdays: Your car is Glenn Boarman (Philosophy), Michael And Father Broestl is no exception; locked and your motor is run­ Murphy (Geology), and Paul Fry- his life is the average rector’s life, ning! Here in Dillon we have berger (Economics). Every priest-pre- except that he has more students. some human motors that are in­ fect is also a teacher, with Brother There are many unpleasant duties deed running, in this case breath­ Conan Moran having the distinction connected with the jobs of Notre ing, but we seem to get little of being the only brother and the only Dame’s “parents,” especially if offenses activity from them. As usual we non-teacher. However, Brother Con- are committed by students. “This had a few locked or closed eyes an’s experience as director of the Uni­ hurts me more than it hurts you,” this past week. Again we say that versity Book Store qualifies him as seems to be the sentiment of the priest for those who failed to make something of an expert in the business when he has to clamp down on an morning checks we extend the field. errant underling. The efforts of the many advantages of the campus Lastly, the rector does what he can well-meaning rector or prefect are ap­ for the rest of the week. Simply to enrich the social life of his residents. preciated at least inwardly by the stu­ put, the following young men are This is done largely through coopera­ dents. Often the appreciation is more campused until the week-end. tion with the Office of Student Affairs, manifest. Consider the case of the which has jurisdiction over campus late Father John “Pop” Farley—a be­ Monday Morning Blues social activities, and also by encourag­ loved Sorin Hall rector for many years The Blues now change to Or­ ing and aiding in hall projects con­ and a Notre Dame ‘tradition’ to stu­ chids since we would like to com­ ducted by the students themselves, such dents of a generation ago. So beloved, pliment the Football Team on as mixers and picnics. in fact, that they named Farley Hall bringing the interhall champion­ Dillon Hall, the largest on campus, in memory of him. ship to Dillon. It was what is has Father Lawrence Broestl as “boss- “Learning to live with people” may usually referred to as a titanic man.” Now in his seventh year as be a time-worn cliche but it also is struggle. Indeed, both teams one of the well-known features of a roared up and down the field— Notre Dame education. Young men between the 40-yard lines—but NOTRE DAME with varied economic backgrounds, late in the final quarter the de­ Published quarterly by the University of Notre who are from different sections of the cisive score was made by a charg­ Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana. Entered as second country, have the privilege of friendly ing defense. Only one big prob­ class matter May 10, 1928, at Post Office at Notre association with each other in the ‘hall lem remains. Where shall we put Dame, Indiana, under the Act of August 24, 1912. the huge trophy which the Stu­ James E. Armstrong, ’25, Editor. system’. It forms an integral part of John N. Cackley, ’37, Managing Editor. the educational pattern at Notre Dame dent Senate certainly contem­ Vol. 9, No. 4 Winter, 1956 —the training of the whole man in plates presenting to the hall? moral, responsible leadership.

Vol. 9 * No. 4 3 SIDEBTT’S

ments have been completed which will provide two distinguished visitors for our Department of Mathematics. Pro­ fessor Thoralf Skolem of the University of Oslo, Norway, will be at Notre Dame for the entire schoolyear, and Professor Kurt Mahler of Manchester Univer­ sity, England, will come in the fall Rev. Theodore M. Hesburgh, semester. C.S.C.j is Notre Dame’s six­ We feel, however, that perhaps the teenth president. most important phase of Faculty De­ velopment was our ability to revise and augment our faculty salary scales. Under the new scales which were adopted, faculty salaries were again increased this year by well over $150,- 000. Notre Dame, however, as well as all other universities and colleges, is still faced with the increasingly critical problem of recruiting and retaining the Once again, as the end of the year Reverend I. M. Bochenski, O.P., world most qualified men for our teaching approaches, I am pleased to have this famous mathematical logician, have staff. In order to keep pace with the opportunity of reporting to you on the come and gone, but we feel that their action being taken by other educational progress of our general plans for presence has greatly enriched the lives institutions, we are again reviewing and Faculty Development, and especially of our students. revising our faculty salary structure of the part of it known as the Dis­ This Fall, Jacques Maritain, who, I and, from present indications, envision tinguished Professors’ Program. This am sure, needs no introduction, and another increase in teaching salaries Program has contributed immeasurably Cleanth Brooks, the literary critic from during the coming year. to the academic growth of Notre Dame Yale University, have delivered a series We have, of course, been greatly during the past year and, because your of lectures to the faculty and students heartened and encouraged by the generous assistance has made these ad­ in philosophy and English. Dr. Robert wholehearted acceptance by our friends vances possible, we are happy to share G. Schmitt will be with us as a Visiting of the aims and purposes directed to the results, as well as our future plans, Lecturer in Psychiatry, and the Depart­ Faculty Development, and hope that w ith you. ment of Sociology is being further you share our genuine pride in what As I mentioned to you last year, the strengthened by the work of Reverend we have been able to accomplish during Distinguished Professors’ Program en­ Joseph Fichter, S.J. of Loyola Univer­ abled us to bring several eminent schol­ sity, New Orleans. these past years with your enthusiastic and wonderfully generous support. ars to the faculty of the University, In addition to Reverend Philip On behalf of all at Notre Dame, I either as visitors or as permanent addi­ Hughes, who joined the staff of the express again sincere gratitude for your tions to the staff, during the 1956-57 Department of History as a permanent schoolyear. In the spring semester, we member last year, and who is generally meaningful interest and help, and send assurances of our continuing best wishes were privileged to have Reverend Louis acknowledged as one of the greatest and prayers for you and yours during Raeymaeker, Director of the Advanced historians of the Reformation period, this blessed Christmas season. Institute of Philosophy at the Univer­ the Department will be further en­ sity of Louvain in Belgium, Dr. Edward hanced by the presence of Reverend F. Galdin and Dr. Michael P. Fogarty Guillaume de Bertier de Sauvigny. from the Universities of Leeds and Father de Sauvigny comes to us from Cardiff, and Dr. Joseph Pieper, one of the Institut Catholique in Paris. the best known present day German As we look forward to 1957-58, we philosophers. These men together with are proud to announce that arrange­ ndergraduates and law stu­ chine Company of which the late Mr. dents in need of an “emergency Morrissey was co-founder and first U loan/’ who have fulfilled the necessary president. requirements, will benefit from a gen­ In addition to Mrs. Morrissey and erous $25,000 grant given by the Rivco Father Hesburgh, others who partici­ Foundation of Bellwood, 111., to Notre pated in the ceremony included Rev. Dame. Jerome J. Wilson, C.S.C., vice-presi­ The presentation was made on Octo­ dent in charge of business affairs who THE RIVCO ber 6 by Mrs. John A. Morrissey in also gave a brief talk; Father Norton; behalf of the Foundation. Rev. Theo­ Edward Morrissey, now president of dore M. Hesburgh, C.S.G., president, the company; Mrs. Morrissey’s son accepted the gift at a ceremony in the John, a junior in the College of Engi­ FOUNDATION’S neering; and Patrick C. Logan, Day­ Student Center prior to the Indiana- Notre Dame football game. ton, Ohio, president of the N.D. Stu­ In establishing the John A. Morris­ dent Senate which will administer the loan fund. $25, OOO GIFT sey Memorial Fund, the grant to the Student Senate specifies that there must The new gift will replace the Uni­ be an urgent need on the part of the versity Loan Fund formerly used for student and the applicant’s former loan this specific purpose. Loans, that is office record must be completely clear those granted when conditions have of any previous debt. After a period been properly noted, will be available New Loan Fund to he of 50 years, the loan fund will revert to on 24 hours notice. the University’s permanent endowment Students who will comprise a com­ “Emergency Aid99 For fund to be used for any worthy pur­ mittee to supervise the Rivco Loan pose, or it may be continued for an Fund are: Patrick J. Conway, senior, Rochester, Minn., administrator; Jerry Deserving Students indefinite time at the University’s dis­ M. Brady, junior, Idaho Falls, Idaho, cretion. Student Senate secretary; Harry K. Preceding the presentation, a Me­ Wasoff, junior, Dallas, Tex., treasurer morial Mass was celebrated by Rev. of the Senate; Robert H. Dunseath, James E. Norton, C.S.C., vice-presi­ senior, Indianapolis, Ind., manager of dent in charge of student affairs, in the LaFortune Student Center; Robert the Pangbom Hall Chapel. F. Duffy, junior, Floral Park, N. Y., The Rivco Foundation was estab­ and David J. McMahon, junior, Say- lished by the Chicago Rivet and Ma­ ville, N. Y., assistant managers.

Participants in the Rivco Foundation gift ceremony included, from left to right: Mrs. Morris­ sey’s son, John; Fr. Hesburgh; Mrs. John A. Morrissey; Mr. Edward Morrissey; and Pat Logan. Faculty Members Have Published Numerous Books And Articles; Additional Manuscripts Are In Process

work has been strengthened by several is Dr. William Shanahan (Columbia), By FRANCIS J. HENNINGER men, among them Dr. Thomas Brown who is a specialist on Germany. He (Harvard), Dr. Marshall Smelser has published a history of the early The author is a native of Bay-(Harvard) and Dr. Vincent DeSantis Prussian military reforms, and also one side, N . Y ., and is studying for a(Johns Hopkins). The former two of a two-volume work on German teach American religious and cultural protestant political parties with the sec­ Master’s degree in English. He grad­ history and the latter is concerned with ond in preparation. uated in 1956 from St. John’s Univer­ American political history. Mr. Shanahan is a member of the sity where he was editor of the student Mr. Smelser did his doctoral disser­ news publication. Notre Dame Committee on Interna­ tation on U. S. naval history during the tional Relations along with Dr. M. A. revolution and has published two books Fitzsimons (Chicago). The former h e Department of History faculty on the colonial period. He has been studied in Germany for a year and the has recently published many new granted a Forrestal Fellowship by the latter in England. T books while preparing other manu­ government for further research in Mr. Fitzsimons, the Editor of the scripts for the press. These men have naval history, and was one of the Wal­ nationally read Review of Politics, is an earned the respect and admiration of green Lecturers in 1956 at the Univer­ authority on ‘modem England’ and has other history departments and histo­ sity of Chicago. Mr. DeSantis has had a book printed on the foreign policy rians across the country for volumes several articles printed and has a book of the English Labor government. Pro­ which they have written. in manuscript. fessor James Corbett (Ecole des Char- Mr. James F. Edwards, who started For its courses in European History tes, Paris) is doing extensive research the University Archives as The Catho­ the Department has shared in the Dis­ in mediaeval history. Besides studies on lic Archives of America, provided the tinguished Professors Program to ob­ mediaeval manuscripts, he has pub­ University with one of the richest tain the services of Fr. Philip Hughes, lished a volume on the Papacy. hoards of American Catholic docu­ of England, and Abbe Guillaume dc Dr. Frederick Pike (Texas) is in the ments. Most of the progress in the Bertier de Sauvigny. Fr. Hughes is per­ field of Latin America, and Professor fields of graduate and advanced work haps the best known Catholic historian Theodore Hodges (working for a Ph.D. began with the development of these writing in English. His particular work at Columbia) is in European economic archives and has been extended in va­ is Church History and especially the history and geography. rious ways. English Reformation. He has published Dr. Boleslaw Szczesniak (Ottawa) Since the chief work of the Depart­ among many writings a three-volume has written numerous articles on medi­ ment’s research lies in general cultural study of that reformation, and the first aeval and early modem Chinese and and religious history, two men are three volumes of his monumental work Japanese history. He teaches Russian mainly responsible for the contributions “The History of the Catholic Church.” history at Notre Dame. Dr. L. Leon to American history. They are Rev. A one-volume study of Church His­ Bernard (North Carolina) is writing Thomas McAvoy, C.S.C., head of the tory has appeared over his name in a on the France of the Ancien Regime. Department (Ph.D. from Columbia), soft cover edition. Notre Dame has had a Department and Dr. Aaron Abell (Harvard). Abbe de Sauvigny, at Notre Dame of History since the turn of the century. Mr. Abell has published the “Urban on a temporary basis, is a professor at Though such a program had existed Impact on American Protestantism,” the Catholic Institute of Paris. He is for several summers, a Masters degree and is working on a volume about the the author of several books on modern was not offered during the regular history of the Catholic social and eco­ French history and the French Restora­ school year until 1940. The second nomic activity since 1865. tion. World War postponed the Doctoral Begun in 1941, the field of advanced One of the Department’s historians program to 1946. At the present time

6 Notre Dame Father McAvoy, Department head, and Dr. Abell teach courses in American history. As director of the University Archives, Father McAvoy has charge of valuable materials.

about 35 graduates are enrolling in these courses, nine of whom are Ph.D. candidates. Fr. McAvoy states that these pro­ fessors with their varied backgrounds and specialties give the curriculum an excellent balance from undergraduate through advanced work. Besides classes in American history Notre Dame con­ fers Doctorates in the fields of 19th and 20th century English, French and Ger­ man history, and in some phases of mediaeval history. Notre Dame history Ph.D.’s are already teaching at Mar­ quette, St. Peter’s, Nazareth, St. Mary’s, Ganisius and Mundelein. “We’ve a young faculty,” Father says, “working very hard on m any un­ published works. When they appear those books will add prestige to Notre Dame’s reputation in this field. “Our resources lie in the social and cultural phases of American and Euro­ pean history, and that’s where a Cath­ olic university is expected to contribute. But besides using the material in the archives and libraries for publications, we have to train more teachers for Dr. DeSantis (standing) and Dr. Brown are studying the “Richmond Weekly Whig,” positions in other educational institu­ printed in 1862. Both professors instruct N.D. students in religious and political history. tions.”

Vol. 9 • No. 4 7 A new album, featuring religious songs, has been recorded by the glee club for MGM and is on sale in the campus book store.

N

Notre Dame Glee Club Is An Outstanding Unit By RONALD M. FRANCIS Which Appears In Concerts Throughout Nation

The author, a senior in Journalism, men, gridsters and glee clubbers on a on Sept. 30, 1955, when the campus has more than a casual interest in popularity the poll basis. television station WNDU-TV was glee club— this year he is its president. Ed Sullivan’s “Toast of the Town” dedicated. Ron Francis lives in Toledo, O. program featured the N.D. Glee Club Having appeared on several CBS, in 1948 on a nation-wide network with NBC, and Mutual radio programs, the a listening audience estimated in the Club has recorded some of the most millions. popular songs in their repretoire, in­ The Notre Dame Glee Club’s nation­ cluding the famous “Victory March.” al prestige is on an equal level with that In 1950, before 20,000 persons crowding the Chicago Stadium, they They have recently recorded an album of another well-known musical organi­ of religious songs for MGM which is zation, the Marching Band of the sang a benefit with movie stars, Pat O’Brien and Ann Blyth. on sale at the Notre Dame Book Store. Fighting Irish, which specializes in col­ The Club is a student-managed Teamed with Jeanette McDonald, orful halftime shows during the fall organization without financial backing. Jose Ferrer, Eddie Fisher, and Arthur season. In fact the Singing Irish It must pay its own way and so it dare Fiedler directing the Robin Hood Dell have performed before “live” audi­ not leave the campus without a mini­ Orchestra, in Philadelphia’s Municipal ences numbering as many as 85,000 mum fee assured to cover transporta­ Stadium, the Club entertained their people, which might cause a biased tion, hotel and food expenses. largest audience, 85,000 people, at the observer to think that the glee club is Its officers, guided by Prof. Daniel Philadelphia Music Festival in 1953. a more outstanding box office ‘attrac­ Pedtke, arrange the details of every tion’ than the football team. Be that Again with Eddie Fisher, they assist­ appearance, be it a football “pep as it may, this article is not intended ed him on his “Coke Time” TV Broad­ rally,” an intermission program in the to debate the relative merits of bands­ cast from the Notre Dame Field House Student Center, a one night stand in

8 Notre Dame Chicago or a two week tour of New out of town engagements. They are Throughout the next few years Prof. England. chosen for musicianship, knowledge of Joseph J. Casasanta directed the Club In the fall, the Club invites all stu­ songs, attendance at practice, seniority and made it an active part of university dents, especially Freshmen, to try out and all around character. fife. H e began scheduling the Club in for the organization. From the ap­ Although there is no form of re­ the Midwest and East. In 1928, with proximate 200 that are auditioned, 30- muneration or tuition grants from the the influential help of Father O’Don­ 40 men are selected on the basis of University, the Club has her renowned nell, Mr. Casasanta lead the “Irish” tonal quality, range, volume and “ear” school’s name behind them, without choraliers in their first tour of the for music, to replace the previous year’s which they could do little. Their love West Coast. graduates. The entire group comprises for singing and the possibilities for Professor Pedtke assumed the duties 130 members, representing every class travel are the wonderful motivating of Glee Club director and coordinator and college in the University. Few factors that help maintain a fine spirit. in 1938. Before coming to Notre have outstanding voices, and only the In May of 1955 at the meeting of Dame, he had enjoyed a distinguished minority can read music, nevertheless the National Inter-Collegiate Choral career in vocal and instrumental music. they compose a well-blended group. Association, the delegates from 45 of A pupil of such outstanding musicians Though most sponsors are Notre the nation’s college glee clubs learned as Alexander Raab and Sergic Tar- Dame Alumni Clubs and Councils of that only two, Purdue and Notre Dame, nowslcy, M r. Pedtke studied at the Bush the Knights of Columbus, the group operated with a budget of over $10,000 and American Conservatories of Music, will sing for any agency willing to per year. The fact that Notre Dame, besides earning degrees at the Univer­ defray their expenses. independent of any Administrative sities of DePaul and Chicago. The Business Manager must refuse assistance, spent $12,000 during 1954- Today, he is a fine musician and con­ hundreds of requests throughout the 1955 amazed the delegates. ductor, as well as an outstanding com­ year because of conflicting dates, in­ The prestige of the Notre Dame Glee poser, arranger and teacher. Many convenient distances, or other practical Club has grown tremendously since its refer to him as “Mr. Glee Club.” reasons. His requests to book the Club beginning in 1915. Traveling thous­ Local entertainment keeps the Club in a town that would fit perfectly into ands of miles each year, singing from busy in South Bend and other com­ a tentative tour, are too often declined. coast to coast and border to border, paratively near-by localities between So all in all, many fortunate “breaks” they have entertained millions from the tours, when civic groups ask Mr. Pedtke are necessary to set up a successful trip. concert stage, radio, and television. to send a quartet or octet to entertain After a contract is signed the Publicity In 1915, the first Notre Dame Glee them. These appearances, coupled Manager sends the sponsor detailed Club, a group of twelve voices was with intensive choral training, give suggestions concerning committee organized for informal songfests by them the necessary polish to perform organization, advance publicity, and Ward Perrot, a law student. For many operatic, classical, semi-classical, popu­ ticket prices. years their appearances were confined lar, and humorous numbers in their While the sponsor strives to attract to the campus where they entertained two hour concerts. an audience, the Club rehearses every at various school functions. Before his Strengthened by the tradition of forty weekday for one hour, refreshing stand­ ordination, the late Rev. Hugh O’Don­ years of fine music and entertainment, ard songs and learning new numbers nell, C.S.C., a former president of the choraliers are ready once again to for their repretoire. Notre Dame, belonged to this original sing for the benefit of needy charities Financial reasons limit 40 men for group. throughout the country.

Professor Daniel Pedtke directs the glee club in a rehearsal. The group totals 130 members. Ed department proper, the freshman Contrary to common belief, there is Physical Education and sophomore years feature a not an overabundance of athletes thorough-going course in physical majoring in Physical Education. The Department Has activities. For three semester hours of primary reason for the absence of ath­ Academic Discipline credit, the student spends ten hours per letes is that the course is too-time-con­ week in a rigorous program which suming, what with the laboratory sci­ At Notre Dame, the Physical Educa­ touches virtually every sport common ences and lengthy physical activities tion department is not a refuge of the in America today. Throughout the program. Secondly, it is an established shallow-brained. In the first place, four years of study, the Phy-Ed major fact that the requirements of the course those weak in mind aren’t allowed to also studies such required courses as are more demanding than those of matriculate under the Dome; secondly, human anatomy, physiology, kinesi­ Commerce and other Arts and Letters if perchance a numskulled neophyte ology (the study of body action in majors. So many athletes find that were able to sneak by the registrar, he gymnastic exercises), personal and they just cannot handle the Phy-Ed would certainly reveal his lack of community hygiene, and first aid. After course and play varsity sports, too. scholarly savvy if he headed for the the freshman and sophomore years, a The 108 students presently enrolled Phy-Ed department, because he would two-week training period in the han- in Phy-Ed are under the tutelage of a not be there long. He’d flunk out. thirteen-man staff (seven full-time If the Greek philosopher Plato were teachers and six teaching fellows) around Notre Dame these days, he’d headed by Mr. John A. Scannell. probably be pretty pleased to see the An outstanding professor, Mi. Scan­ Physical Education Department organ­ ned has been teaching at Notre Dame ized as a branch of the College of Arts since 1929. He is a scholar in his own

and Letters. For just as the Education right, having earned a Doctor of Edu­ department is concerned with training cation degree from Indiana University, professional teachers of what Plato and has a deep concern for the stand­ would call Music, so then the Physical ards of his department. To acquaint Education department trains profes­ freshmen Phy-Ed majors with their sionals in the Gymnastic, so that the future profession, Mr. Scanned teaches next generation might be healthy in an introductory course which serves to both mind and body. The field of dling of camping projects is held at orient them with the aims and ob­ Physical Education has fallen in esteem Camp Eberhart, Corey Lake, Michi­ jectives of the program and its place since Platonic days, and has been gan. During the junior year and first in the educational system, besides giving abused in some universities to such an half of the senior year, the Phy-Ed a historical viewpoint to the profession. extent that it is little more than a major is given a first-hand taste of The importance of this course can series of glorified playground periods. teaching by helping the regular staff hardly be overestimated, for it helps Fortunately for the future of Physical members conduct required service the novice find out whether the physi­ Education in the United States, Notre classes for freshmen in the various col­ cal realm is ready his vocation or just Dame is one of those schools which leges of the University. Finally, during an avocation. trains Physical Education majors to be the second semester of the senior year, The other regular members of the true members of a profession, because the student spends 120 hours of prac­ staff consist of: Gilfred A. Burdick, the gym teacher or coach is as much a tice teaching in the South Bend Public swimming and life-saving instructor at professional educator as the philosophy School System. Notre Dame for more than 20 years; professor. Towards this end, the Phy- Many of the Physical Education Francis R. Maxwell, now on a leave Ed department presents a rigid aca­ majors volunteer to officiate and ad­ of absence studying for an advanced demic discipline. Besides the numerous minister the various phases of the inter­ degree at Indiana University; Thomas courses offered by the department itself, hall sports program. Under the super­ W. Fallon, specialist in health educa­ the Phy-Ed major must wade through vision of Mr. Dominick J. Napolitano, tion who also is wrestling and tennis the normal requirements of the Arts recently appointed director of interhall coach; Ernest A. Szekely, physical and Letters College (Philosophy, Reli­ athletics, this program is a popular training and education; George A. gion, English, History, and the Great past-time with most undergrads, and Cooper, a part-time teacher who in­ Books Seminar) plus Chemistry and owes no small part of its success to the structs in human anatomy, physical Zoology. As for the courses in the Phy- work of the Phy-Ed majors. diagnosis and kinesiology; and Dennis

10 Notre Dame Stark, the department’s newest mem­ ber who joined the group this fall as a water safety instructor. A man with a Physical Education degree will have no trouble finding work after graduation, for he will be licensed to teach this subject in practi­ cally every state. He also meets the requirements to teach Biology and at least one other subject. The major incentive for a career in Physical Education is, in its essence, an unselfish one. The true value of this profession is not found in its financial return, which is adequate but little I- more, nor is it in prestige, for this aspect is certainly not what it should be. Rather, it is the satisfaction of helping boys help themselves that the gym teacher, coach, and boys club Dr. John A. Scannell, head of Department. director will really be happy about. Plato would be happy about it, too.

Dominick J. Napolitano appointed Director of Interhall Athletics.

Aquatic instructors Gilfred A. Bur­ dick (right) and Dennis Stark.

Professors Szekely (left) and Fallon are specialists Prof. George A. Cooper in physical training and lectures on anatomy health education on November 12, 1856, by Archbishop Purcell of Cincinnati and placed in the church which preceded the present structure. Each bell is named for a different title accorded the Virgin Mary. THE OLDEST CARILLON When Sacred Heart church was completed in 1875, the carillon was in­ stalled in the spire approximately one- hundred feet above the ground. Played IN NORTH AMERICA manually originally, the carillon later was operated somewhat similar to a player piano with a revolving drum mechanism tripping the hammers of the By JAMES E. MURPHY various bells to play a melody. This mechanism was synchronized with the clock in the spire to play hymns at specific times during the day. In 1953 a new clavier or keyboard was installed and the bells were re-hung. Since that time it has been possible to play the instrument manually or by remote control electrically from the sacristy. Often during the spring and summer months, Rev. William McAuliffe, C.S.C., carillonneur and director of the Moreau Seminary choir at Notre Dame, climbs the winding stairs of the church spire to play sacred or classical melodies. In mid-December, when the students are about to leave the campus for Christmas vacation, Father McAu­ liffe plays the traditional carols. Though not as old as the bells of the carillon and technically not part of it, the largest bell by far in the spire of Sacred Heart Church is a bourdon weighing 15,400 pounds. Named for St. Anthony of Padua, it is rung only on the most solemn occasions when it can be heard for many miles around. It measures 7 feet, 2 inches in height and is 6 feet, 10p 2 inches in diameter at the base. The huge bell arrived at Notre Dame from the LeMans foun­ dries in 1867, but it was a number of Father McAuliffe is carillonneur and Moreau Seminary choir director. years later before it was installed in the new Sacred Heart Church. When the church was consecrated on the occasion of the golden jubilee of Father Sorin’s ordination in 1888, the bell was blessed The author is Director of Notre intervening century they have rung out by Bishop Maurice Burke of Cheyenne. Dame’s Department of Public In­the angelus three times each day, sum­ formation, which dispenses academic moned hundreds of thousands of wor­ Until recent years it took six hefty publicity to the press, radio and tele­shipers to the church and sounded Notre Dame students to ring the big vision. countless hymns across the campus. bell of St. Anthony. Like the carillon, Like Notre Dame’s famed golden it can now be rung electrically from igh in th e spire of Sacred Heart dome, the carillon was a personal pro­ the church sacristy. In olden days as Church on Notre Dame campus ject of Rev. Edward F. Sorin, C.S.C., today it may be rung to herald a prince H are twenty-three bells comprising the founder and first president of the uni­ of the Church or to mark some other oldest carillon in North America. The versity. He ordered the bells, which memorable event in the history of Notre bells, which are one-hundred years old range in weight from fifteen to nearly Dame. Whatever the occasion, its this year, were imported from France eleven-hundred pounds, from the Bol- booming voice, like few bells on earth, in 1856, just fourteen years after the lee and Sons foundry at LeMans, seems strong enough to “shake down university was founded. During the France. They were solemnly blessed the thunder.”

12 Notre Dame LaFortunes Donate Additional $112,000

Mr. and Mrs. Joseph A. LaFortune, ber of years he has been on the Uni­ Tulsa, Okla., have provided an addi­ versity’s Associate Board of Lay Trus­ tional gift, valued at a minimum tees and was awarded an honorary $112,000 at the time of its presentation, degree by his alma m ater in 1949. In for the remodeling of the LaFortune that same year His Holiness Pope Pius Student Center annex. Representing XII named Mr. LaFortune a Knight the University, Rev. James E. Norton, Commander of the Order of St. C.S.C., vice-president in charge of stu­ Gregory. dent affairs, accepted a certificate for A native of South Bend, Mr. La­ 1000 shares of Gulf Oil stock which Fortune served in the naval aviation service during World War I. Following cessation of hostilities he was appointed Physical Director of the American Red Cross and supervised recreation for Mr. Paul Rush several military posts in this country. Moving to Oklahoma, Mr. LaFor­ tune worked first in an advertising Bequest of $1,000 Given agency and later was on the Tulsa World and National Petroleum News By Notre Dame Alumnus staffs. His business career has been Paul Rush, an outstanding athlete distinguished beginning with his ap­ at Notre Dame and teammate of Knute pointment as secretary of the Warren Rockne on the Irish track squad, be­ Petroleum Co., in 1924, followed by queathed $1,000 to the University an appointment to the position of when he died on December 15, 1955. executive vice-president. An alumnus of Notre Dame in the Mr. LaFortune is married to the Class of 1912, Mr. Rush had been pres­ former Gertrude Leona Tremel of ident of the Rush Lumber Company, South Bend and they are the parents Memphis, Tenn., but retired because of of four children. At the present time ill health a num ber of years ago. A he is engaged in the oil business as an native of Evansville, Indiana, he was independent operator. one of the pioneer lumbermen in the The LaFortune Student Center is South after moving to Memphis in one of the outstanding “show places,” 1910. for visitors, on the Notre Dame campus. While at the University, Mr. Rush In addition to the many well-planned roomed with John F. O’Hara who Mr. and Mrs. LaFortune facilities it soon will contain the Hud­ later was to be Rev. John F. O'Hara, dle, a favorite snack hangout of C.S.C., president of Notre Dame and sold on the market that day for $112 students for many years. now Archbishop of Philadelphia. As per share. an undergraduate, Mr. Rush not only This latest gift from Mr. and Mrs. participated in sports but also was a LaFortune plus their prior generous Political Candidates member of the dramatic club and the benefactions currently total $300,000 Scholastic staff. In addition to Rockne in contributions to Notre Dame. The Visit Campus other well-known men on the track LaFortune Student Center is one of Candidates of both major political team of that era were John Devine, the most functional and widely-used parties visited the campus in the world record holder in the half-mile structures on the campus and is the closing days of the campaign. Vice- and Forest Fletcher, destined to be one scene of many student activities. president Richard M. Nixon spoke of the country’s most popular track Opened in 1953 the interior was reno­ to the students and special guests in coaches. vated in Old Science Hall. Its spacious the Navy drill hall and later watched His survivors include Mrs. Dorothy lounges and recreation rooms have pro­ the Fighting Irish in a practice ses­ Wilde Rush, the widow, who is a na­ vided urgently-needed facilities for the sion on Cartier Field. Governor tive of Oldham, England; Mrs. Harry social well-being of the entire student Adlai Stevenson attended the Notre B. Gunther, a daughter; and three body. Decorations and furnishings of Dame-Michigan State game, accom­ grandchildren. the Center have been attractively de­ panied by Sen. John Kennedy, fol­ M r. Rush’s unrestricted gift will be signed for the comfort of the students lowing a speech he made in down­ used for the Faculty Development Pro­ and their guests. town South Bend earlier that after­ gram, which is Notre Dame’s current Mr. LaFortune is a member of noon. project to enhance academic prestige Notre Dam e’s 1916 class. For a num ­ at the University.

Vol. 9 • No. 4 13 TAX DOLLARS ... reduce the cost of your gift to Notre Dame by taking advantage of existing tax rates

With the end of 1956 approaching, COST PER $100 OF DEDUCTIBLE the following information is highlighted for alumni and non-alumni friends who CHARITABLE CONTRIBUTIONS are interested in tax benefits regarding a contribution to Notre Dame. If Taxable Income before de­ Cost per $100 of Deductible ducting contributions is — Charitable Contribution is —

Gift of Cash Not less But Less For Single For Married Persons Than Existing tax rates have been extremely Than Person Filing Jointly helpful in permitting the taxpayer to $ 8,000 $ 10,000 $ 66.00 $ 74.00 make a charitable contribution at low cost. When you give to the University, 10,000 12,000 62.00 74.00 a deduction of the full amount of your 14,000 16,000 53.00 70.00 gift up to 30% of your adjusted gross income for Federal tax purposes is 20,000 22,000 44.00 62.00 allowable. 32,000 38,000 35.00 50.00 Gift of Property or Securities 44,000 50,000 28.00 41.00 The gift need not be from income or cash. Equally deductible is a prop­ 50,000 60,000 25.00 41.00 erty gift or a gift from securities. Those 70,000 80,000 19.00 that have increased in value while held 35.00 by an individual are deductible at full 100,000 150,000 11.00 25.00 market value and are free from any tax on capital gain — this results in a double 200,000 300,000 9.00 11.00 saving to the donor!

Gifts from Corporations COST PER $1,000 OF DEDUCTIBLE Corporations contributing beyond the 5 % limitation in any single year can ex­ CHARITABLE CONTRIBUTIONS* tend the excess over as deductions in the Taxable Cost of two succeeding years—subject, of course, Income $1,000 Gift to the 5% limitation for each of the three years. The actual cost of each con­ $ 10,000 $ 780.00 tribution dollar is only 48 cents for cor­ 15,000 740.00 porations which have taxable incomes in excess of $25,000 since taxes are paid 20,000 700.00 at the rate of 52% of such excess. Smaller corporations with incomes less 25,000 656.00 than $25,000 are taxed at 30% and the 50,000 440.00 cost of each dollar contribution is 70 cents. * Married couple with two children

14 Notre Dame ' .fd' m 'm i,

Sacred Heart Church Devotional Center for Notre Dame Students

By JAMES P. MEAGHER l A e g B t The author is a native of Rock IslandIII. He is majoring in Journal­ ism and will graduate in 1957. Meagher is a staff member of student radio stationWSND. OB

h e visitor to Notre Dame, taking ?» tf * < Tthe customary tour of the campus, is impressed by the uniqueness and beauty of Sacred Heart Church. He is exposed to a large array of religious relics, historic souvenirs and works of art which almost make it a museum as well as the devotional center for 5,600 students and the eighty or so families from the surrounding area which use it as a parish church. There’s a golden grill in one of the side chapels from the home of St. Bridget of Sweden, and a charcoal- burning hand-warmer used by a pion­ eer American priest. There are works of art ranging from the Bernini school of over 350 years ago to the contem­ porary sculpture of Ivan Mestrovic. Perhaps the reader of N o t r e D a m e would like to take a visit through this famed French Gothic religious struc­ ture. One of the high points on the tour is the room beyond the sacristy in the west wing of the transcept, which serves as a repository for several relics, particularly of the early church in America. Here visitors can see an in-

Vol. 9 • No. 4 15 laid wooden crozier used by Archbishop John Carroll of Baltimore, first United States bishop, chalices and ciboria of former Catholic war chaplains, and croziers, rings and crosses of many American pioneer bishops. In this room we also see two gifts from Napoleon III and the Empress Eugenie of France, a gold monstrance and a crucifix. The room also contains a number of precious vestments, a lamp used by early Christians in the catacombs, a pewter chalice used in France during the Reign of Terror when precious vessels were being destroyed by mobs, and an amice worn by the Cure of Ars, St. Jean Baptiste Marie Vianney. One of the side chapels to the right of the high altar may intrigue us more Graduating seniors attend class Mass in Sacred Heart Church. than anything else. Here, enclosed in a glass altar, we see the wax figure of a young girl representing St. Severn, a third century Christian martyr. A small, velvet-covered box beneath the figure’s head contains the few bones of the saint unearthed in Italy over 200 years ago. Several relics of early Christian mar­ tyrs also rest in the bronze frame of the high altar, which came to Notre Dame in 1876 after being exhibited at the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia. Fashioned in the studios of Froc-Robert in Paris, the altar had previously served a church in Beavais, France. The Lady’s Chapel, located behind the sanctuary, calls for a long pause on our tour. Beneath a niche holding a statue of the Blessed Virgin flooded in blue light stands the Bernini Altar. Probably, a pupil of Bernini, rather than the master himself, fashioned the gilded baroque altar, believed to be the only example of Bernini’s school of art in the country. It has 30 hand-carved, In addition to the Main Altar, there are 30 other altars in the Church. gold-leafed candlesticks and contains a piece of a wooden table which St. (Below) Holy Communion is distributed to students. Peter used as a portable altar during the first century. The altar -had been in Rome for about 300 years until it was brought to Notre Dame in 1886. Besides the Bernini altar, there are ten additional altars in side chapels about the main sanctuary, as well as 20 altars in the basement chapel, which serves for parish Masses during the V school year when student services oc­ cupy the upstairs. On weekdays Notre i Dame priests from Corby Hall cele­ brate between 30 and 40 Masses on these altars. The body of Orestes A. Brownson, nineteenth century philoso­ pher and Catholic convert, rests be­ neath the floor of the basement chapel.

16 Notre Dame The frescoes in the main portion of shape, with Our Lady’s chapel being the church are the work of Luigi Gre­ added in 1886. By 1888 the church gory noted court artist for the Vatican, was virtually completed and the The Lady’s who came over from Rome at the bid­ Bishop of Fort Wayne dedicated the Chapel is ding of the Rev. Edward Sorin, G.S.C., new edifice to the Sacred Heart of located in Notre Dame founder, to do the job. He Jesus. Father Sorin marked his golden Church stayed at the University from 1873 to jubilee as a priest that year, and it sanctuary. 1890, painting frescoes in the church must have been a particularly happy and other campus buildings. Notre one, because the expense of erecting Dame’s art department centered the church was paid by this time. around Gregori during his stay. In 1923 the Memorial Door on the The church’s 42 stained glass win­ east side of the building was added to dows are the real thing, not products commemorate 40 Notre Dame men of modem synthetic methods of pro­ who had died in World War I. After ducing stained glass. They were made World War II the names of 334 more under the supervision of the Carmelite Notre Dame war dead were inscribed nuns of LeMans, France, and installed on a plaque inside the main entrance. in 1873. They depict saints, martyrs The University undertook a renova­ and Biblical scenes in 114 life-size pic­ tion of the church in 1931. It was the tures and 106 small ones. first since its completion. The anti­ Sacred Heart Church is almost 300 quated lighting system gave way to a feet long and seats 1,200 in the main modern one, new plaster filled the body of the building. Its organ, located cracks in the walls, and decorators Memorial in the choir loft in the rear of the freshened up the Gregori frescoes. A Door, honor­ church, was added in 1875 at a cost of new automatic clock, which strikes ing N.D. Men $6,000. It has 2,041 separate pipes every quarter hour, was placed in the killed in war. reaching 40 feet to the top of the tower. building. The steeple houses a six-ton That was the last time the edifice bell with 23 chimes, one of the largest was changed, but last fall workers tem­ in the country. porarily tore out a portion of the east The church took 20 years to build, wall to bring in Mestro vic’s “Pieta,” beginning in 1868 when workmen start­ showing the dead Christ in the arms of ed digging the foundation. University His Mother. This large statue now officials, headed by Father Sorin, saw stands in one of the alcoves to the right that the existing church had become of the sanctuary. too small for the student body. An Sacred Heart has been the scene of architect, Patrick C. Keely, submitted a number of historic events since its blueprints for a $100,000 baroque edi­ completion, including the first Amer­ fice, but Father Sorin scrapped these ican Eucharistic Congress in 1894, and plans, insisting that the church couldn’t the transmission of the world’s first be built for more than $50,000 since wireless signal, from the church steeple the University had only $8,000 on hand to nearby St. Mary’s College, in 1899. The Church at the time. At Knute Rockne’s funeral in 1931 contains many No one is sure who drafted the plans crowds jammed the building to witness precious vessels and relics. for the church as it stands today, but the rites, many of them leaders in the probably many had a hand in it. A sports world. Five years later, an Ital­ Brother Charles, C.S.C., might have ian cardinal, Eugenio Pacelli, who was been responsible for much of the de­ shortly to become Pope Pius XII, sign. It was he who styled the steeple, stopped off at Notre Dame on his tour added in 1893. of the United States and knelt in prayer The archbishop of Cincinnati and before the high altar at Sacred Heart. five bishops blessed the cornerstone But funerals of important people in May, 1871. Bricks which went aren’t rare at Sacred Heart, and visits into the construction were made from by cardinals to the campus have be­ marl surrounding the campus lakes come almost commonplace through the and baked in kilns operated by the years. brothers at Notre Dame. By 1875 a It isn’t these almost commonplace large part of the church was ready for events which really matter. When use and Father Alexis Granger, C.S.G., Father Sorin started building Sacred for many years prefect of religion at Heart 88 years ago he had in mind one “Pieta,” a Notre Dame and aide to Father Sorin, prime objective: provision for the spir­ large statue, offered the first Mass in the new itual needs of those who make up a sculptured hy church. growing university. His Church of the Professor The building continued to take Sacred Heart has realized this aim. Mestrovic.

e t n ^ t 'iIlCTeBIS^ “ tie*^ ,r®' 9ltv (gffvt««&** gpe ••srvg’Sto rg rs^ s weT od SIT: X)eaT

X>® at-ssB P® ^:-= tTcd5’• d _nrted A 3 Of1 ©aPe .dd « 0^ £ p ° " 10 te& -paT0 ' ' ■ m s sd°T . or IS pe ta*' .S\#? #TCP t-Yxa^ td ti (uxi insix

tea®1 X&T0 ^ tPei* LeS tP® tP® Glided to) " g : ' " ■m m m m . .Y " d v“‘:AeV-.’ aS g* a”4 W M M M k to 3P®^ tP e S°tadT ©a^ &re ■ga° Id and •YieTS. to on tea0 ,iarS of sCn° eS ■nds:ped td*8 A doT tP® ddS °aC . 5r°® od V«0 .ndd*B a ^ e p d Nil.tP si@ii* 5 i Mie „ - s i t s - * atn&°*Y to itdonS nn°

^ -•;.-'S -S r-" '“‘“ I oni < t e» ^ PelP*- -atdon0- ftaan°Tad 0n'.s®5* esP xdS oi eaf.ai>15 ^ iv tn°dT ,tn t tpad of as®1 od ^d, V«o ITd OP a ^ 5 d ^ 6 apY °Te inaivd' an dd ,tPT OT IP aP ted ' ST an56' 0P® appd5 XaT? OT gof pe° .advi Spdp’ sa tdon •IS doPa e%tP® dP« 0Ta 500 sPdP 5° and od< 556TT©a^ ;OTP %2 t0T ©nsd OP5 pt tn® lpstTP° nadT LSd*pd pd oi an cotP0 assT= ^ -tpl pdp aipd sPdP pS Op®' d®5 000 SOT p T O socd^d ^Q#.of ■«d as .dd an dTd^ ijie •fll ,a©e c°n «ddd doT ^e sPdP i®SSOT We feel that If this aid from many corporations grows sufficiently to take care of the one-third annual deficit in the salary payroll of our teaching staff, the University will be able, because of auxiliary operations and interest received on endowment funds, to offer to promising prospective needy students scholarship aid.

In other words, if we have a potential enrollment in 1957 of 6,000 students, and can admit only 1,500, those we select can be the best, even if we must offer a number of full or partial scholarships to those in need.

It is our opinion, that corporations, by strengthening the University's position as to its teaching staff and by enabling it to select first-class students, will best aid the University.

It is understood that a corporation will make its gift to us on an annual basis, without any legal or moral implication, for the years afterwards. Naturally, we hope that the corporation will want to continue, but we understand that commitments as to the future are not likely on the part of any corporation. But we have confidence, because of the soundness of our plan that we will be able to win future corporation support

As a corporation establishes on an annual basis one of the four gifts suggested, we intend to publicize the name of the corporation and, if the corporation wishes, the name of the particular professor, associate professor, assistant professor, or instructor who is to be aided.

If corporations will decide to aid Notre Dame according to this plan, it will be giving the University the greatest possible assistance at the lowest cost. Scholarships have been extremely beneficial, especially those which take care of the student's expenses, plus a gift to the educational institution itself. But for the next ten or fifteen years when large numbers of young men and women will be seeking admission to the educational institutions, it appears that the paramount problem for the institutions will be to continue to offer excellent teaching. If a corporation gives a boy $1,500 and the institution $500, it is costing the corporation $2,000 to aid the institution itself by $500 whereas a gift of $2,000 is a complete and direct gift to the educational institution.

A professorship especially in science or engineering is important to the University and to the corporation, for relationships may be established between the two that can be advantageous in interesting promising graduates of Notre Dame as corporation employees. A professorship in Liberal Arts, the College of Commerce, or even in the College of Law, has long-range advantages. For the social environment in which all corporations carry on their business, is influenced by columnists, editorial writers, newscasters on radio and television, by lawyers, young business­ men, and journalists. Competence in these fields is partly assured by providing teaching salaries comparable to those offered in the sciences and engineering. For the philosophy of the teachers is affected by the sense of values that Govern­ ment and corporations manifest in the aid that they give.

If there is any other information which we can provide at NotreDame which might be helpful to you, please let us know.

Sincerely

(Rev.) John J. Cavanaugh, C.S.C. Director University of Notre Dame Foundation