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L9 (t86tl9Zl /9:(l)9erst,{nN NuytsiaVol. 6, No. 1 (1987) Morphology and terminology

The genusCalothamnus in generalexhibits little inter- or intra'specificvariation. Most areshrubs growing to about2 or 3 m high with tereteoften pungentleaves, densely crowded and randomlydistributed on the stem.The oil glandsare usuallyprominent, but in some speciessuch as C planifuliusl,ehm., C. pallidifolius (Benth.)T.J. Hawkeswoodand C. torulosus Schauerthey areusually obscure. Some species such as C rupestrisschauerand C. Jbrmosus T.J. Hawkeswoodgrow to smalltrees about 3 or 4 m high, while otherssuch as C. schaueri Lehm., C p/elssilSchauer and C. lehmanniiSchauer usually grow as decumbentshrubs to about30 cm high.All speciesin the genusare evergreen, and only one,C. sanguineusLabrlI., is known to naturally drop its fruits. The root systemsare usuallyextensive with a lateral networkof rootlets.One species,C. tuberosusT.l.Hawkeswood, is very unusualin having tuberousroots (Hnatiuk 1977,Pate & Dixon 1982)although most specieshave not been examinedfor this character. Most specieshave tereteleaves, without evidentvenation, although in somesuch as C pallidifolius, C. planifolius, C. blepharospermusF. Muell. and C. homalophyllus F. Muell. they are flat and oblanceolatewith largecentral, marginal and smallercross veins. flowersof Calothamnusare sessileand are usuallyarranged in unilateralor, more The "One- commonly,in cylindricalspikes, often in scatteredclusten, rarely solitary. The name sidedBottlebrush" has been given to the group but this is rather an impropercommon vernaculardue to the fact that many speciesdo not have unilateralspikes or clusters.The flowersare embedded(or partially so)in the often corky rhachis.In somespecies, the buds breakthrough a protectivemembranous structure, e.g. C. graniticusT .1.Hawkeswood. The calyx-tubeis usuallycovered in oil glands.The calyx-lobesare usually thick with membranous margins.The petals,usually with largeoil glandsin the centreand smaller ones on the margins, are deciduousand usuallyfall soonafter the stamenshave unfolded.In somespecies, e.g. C. graniticusand C. rupestris,the petalshave a prominentbasal claw, but in the majority the clawis absentor poorlydeveloped. The stylesare usually thick andoften continuegrowth beforeand after anthesis.The staminalclaws are usuallyequal in lengthand width, anddeep red to orange-redin colour. However,the staminalclaws in C sanguineusare unusualin that the uppertwo are fusedto form a singlebroad claw, while the lower onesare reduced to a singlestamen. The staminalclaws of C pachystachyusBenth. are alsounusual in that the two upperones are broad,while the lower onesare narrow; all areyellow-brown (brown at base)in colour. The anthersof Calothamnusare basifixed,mostly glabrous,arranged marginallyon the staminalclaws. In one species,C torulosus,there are alsosubmarginal filamentsand the anthersand filaments are covered in a peculiarcobweb-like substance. The natureof this phenomenonhas not beenexamined by the author.The numberof marginal filamentson the staminalclaws is of sometaxonomic significance. The ovary is inferior, 3-locular,with numerousovules per loculus.Usually few fertile seedsare producedper capsule. The shapeand sizeof the seedsand colou of the testais of considerablelaxonomic significance. The angledseeds are usually linear to linear'cuneatein shape,(truncate at oneor both ends), l-3 mm long and yellow,yellow-brown, red'brown or dark brown and evengrey in colour. They are usuallyglabrous (sometimes shiny), but in somespecies, e.g. C. blepharospermus, eachangle has a row of closelyarranged, stiff, erectcilia. The ovulodes(sterile ovules) are usuallysmaller than the fertileseeds; they are glabrous and usuallycoloured yellow to orange' brown.The fruit is perhapsthe mostvariable and taxonomically uselul character in the genus. It is a dry, sessilecapsule, depressed globular to cylindricalor ovoidin shape;the calyxJobes (2, 3 or 5) may be thickenedand persistent,or absentso that the fruit is t truncate.The fruit is smoothor wrinkled,glabrous or pubescent,embedded (or partially so)in the corky or non-corkyrhachis. As soonas the capsuledries, the seedsare released (usually within the first yearafter flowering)the valvesopen and the seedsfall from the fruit throughthe action of gravity and wind. The capsulesusually remain on the plant for a numberof years. 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NuytsiaVol 6, No. I ll987j Billotia Colla, Hortus Ripul. 20 t. 23 (1824).Type: B. acerosaColla (: go1ol1to.nrt quadriJidusR.Br.).

Shrubs,ererl or decumbent,compact to spreading,single or multi-stemmed,much-branched. glabrousor if pubescentoften glabrouswith age,30 cm to about 3.5 m high (rarely4 m). Bart smoothand thin when young,often hard, grey,splitting near base of trunk with age. Older stemsts;ually with prominent leaf scars.Rool slsrem extensive,in one speciestuberous. Lervesscattercd ot denselycrowded at endsof branches,sessile, linear to oblanceolate,terete or flattened,erect or semi-erect,rigid or flaccid,shortly mucronate,obtuse or acuminate, sometimespungent, glabrous, or pubescent;oil glandsvariable in size,randomly distributed, more prominentin living plants.Flowers few to numerousper inflorescence,in clustersor in unilateralto cylindricalspikes, usually on portionsof the stemsfrom which the leaves havefallen. Flowers 4- or 5-merous.Ca lyxlube smalItolaryqextended globular, campanulate to almostcylindrical, glabrous or pubescent,usually green, verrucose with prominentoil glands, embedded(or partially so)in the rhachis.Rhachis often swollenor dilatedat baseof calyx, Iube.Calyxlobes erect or spreading,glabrous or pubescentoutside, usually shortly pubescent within, equalor unequal,if equalthen usuallyall thickenedand persistenton fruit, or only oneretained and deflexedover fruit orifice;in some4 merousspecies two oppositelobes are thickerand wider than the othertwo; lobesusually deltoid, acute or obtuse,concave or slightly so, usuallythick but with thin, scarious,often fimbriate(or partially so)margins. perals 4 or 5, ellipticalto broadlyovate, obtuse to slightlyacute, concave, glabrous, some species with a prominentclaw, pink to paleorange brown, deciduous,usually with prominentoil glands in the centreand smallerglands towards the margrns.Staminal c/aws a equalor unequal; if unequal,upper two broad,fused together (in one species)or free, lower two reducedin sizeand with reducednumber of filaments;glabrous (or coveredin whitish cobweblike hairs in onespecies), pink, to crimson,orange-red, purple red, or greenish,brownin colour,usually paler at base;marginal Jilaments few to numerous;(several submarginal filaments on the uppertwo staminalclaws in one species);anthers basifixed,linear to linear-oblong,yellow, palebrown, dark brown or black.Sry/e usually thick, taperingtowards the tip, glabrous,stigma usuallysmall. Summit of ouaryusually densely pubescent. Fr"ril sessile,t ovoid,cylindrical, globularto depressedglobular, smooth, wrinkled or verrucose,glabrous or if pubescentoften becomingglabrous with age,style often persistent.Capsules ustally retainedon plant for severalyears (in onespecies, the fruit fallsin the first or secondyear after flowering).Fertile seedsfew to many per capsule,Iinear to linear-cuneate,linear-oblong or oblong,usually truncateat oneor both ends,angular (anglessharp or rounded),glabrous or (in several5-merous species)with hirsuteangles; testa usually dull, grey,dark grey,buff brown, orangebrown, reddish-brownto chocolatebrown. Oyulodesnumero|s per capsule,linear to linear,cuneate, usuallysmaller than the fertile seeds,truncate, angular (angles sharp or rounded),glabrous, cream,yellow, yellow'brown,orange-brown or light brown in colour.

Key to subgenera

Flowers4-merous...... subs..Calothamnus Flowers5-merous...... ;;;."F;rr;;:;';;;:;i;ri

CalothamnusLabill. subg.Calothamnus

Billotia Colla,op. cit. (1824).Calothamnus b. Billotia (Colla)Reichb., Consp. Regni Veg. 175 (1828).Type: Billotia acerosaColla

Calothamnussect. Callithamnus Schauer, Regelia Beaufortia Caloth. 24 11843),nom. illeg. (includestype of Calothamnus). .' " " .' " "8uo[ ZI ulc 9'l uEqt elou s,{{€13I€ulul?ls I I poo,{\se{AeH ('Utueg;snfptrp! Dd " "' f J ?'tI 'elelomuelqo (oBu"Ureqcrq/r epr,r lurx 0l-9 9'8uol ru3 9 9 ^ttsour se^?oTx 0l ':J.JqslIsnIottuDtd gI ' ' ' (,4ueqly01 , '3uol 'e1?ounc-J3eull ^lla8uH) epr,{ urru ruc S-t ,{llsotu 01 J?aurlseÊe'I 0l .' " .' .' E't " soAooJElnoqlr,r so^Bo'I*6 0l "" " " " " IenltrCsndtoJot4wJ6 (e8u?d Surtrls) l{llerx?qepu? ^ll?rxBp?qloq seôor8l€urpntr8uol o,,r4l qll{^ s3^Bo'I 6 ' ' '' 'alaJ3l saêe'I *'8 It ' 6 1?$ sa^?rl 8 poo,{\so{^\eH (t{luegi snssorTJ .' .' f J 'JoÎU 1.' a8ueu Surlrts tlots) Suol tuo se{Ids Fcupull,{c + ut sle^ olC** / " " " 8-t " nneqcg qlaBanqJ 9 (roÎ{ pFreBzlIC01 oAmU Surlrqs 'SurTlruepoo/(\ot uep,{H)Euol uc so1lds u sra,tolC t'€ l?rot?Iun "(,{ueqlv * / ielpu:".lsqDDlDl , S' 01 ls?ootsa,r qlnos Suoleq ed) Suol urc so{tdsIBJaI?Iun uI sJoaolC / ' ' Ol-i " .' g...... ' uellorls lou stqssqd*g " uolloil\s srqc?qd 9 t " " " " .' srqr?qr eql ur pesrotuurtou (8uuo,,!1.ouJo atull 1?)aqnl-x^l?J * S .' 9 rqnl-x^l?c Jo JSeqle potelrpt?q,|Aoruos srqo?qrro srq3€qJualloras oql ur posJeurur+ (Euue,rou orurllB) eqnl x,{l€J 'J Jo 9 ren?qcssrTsolnlo, v""""""""""" (Bqqmugol qllod) Suol uc t-z fllsour s3êol '8uol :sJr?rlolll-qo^\qoc uI paJoôcsJoqtu? :oa{ s,,|\?lcl€uluels Joddno,{\J * t '11tqe1 '€ .' " " snaumBuosJ (ljJ?ql?) 01 etsllBml?NedEJ) Suoluc ,4llsotlrsoêol:snorq?I8 sJoqlup:pesnJ s,relc leuru]els Joddn o,{\J t Z-l """ " """'\EoJe 'elolel snwrsst8uol eqq?oug)Suol tur SI so^€o'I * € Ienntr'qtueg C J 'I2 'requnEol^[) 0t 'tBlJ sntpDts(Llrod BrooIAI Suotulc I-8 sa^Bo'I J \earz ...... r...... (uello^rsS t ,...... ^lluou[uord tou srqceqr)srqceqr aql ur posJorxrxrlou (Suuanaou oulr le) oqn}-x^leJ * Z 'Icrql Jo srqr€qJuollo,Âs eql uI pasrarxrur^lerquo (8utJo/r\ouJo ourll tB) oqnl-x,{lBJ Z t" '' ' ' " ^\orr?uIIP sr elsleuruels * l s " " " 'p?orq 2 ,lAoJjeusouo ro,,i{ol o,{,|l :lBU s,{\elcIeunu?ls Jeddn o,{\J I '?qns snuuDqiolnJ snuwotlloloJJo selJedsol ,{ay

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'^ou olrel 'Jeneqcs 'JonBqcS ltuuDaqal ) :adtJolraT (€tSI) I€ lrc do snutuDqJouluo.tlslxas snuaDqlolD) IL \nuwoqlolD) poo,rscl,rDH II -

'72 NuytsiaVoL. 6, No. I (1987)

11.*Staminal claws less than I cm long...... IJ 12. Staminalclaws I equal,mostly with 7 filaments;shrubs to 2 m high (Stirling Ranges)...... 8 C afJinisTvcz. 12.* Staminalclaws not equal,the uppertwo with 5 or 7 filaments,the lower two with I or 2 filaments;shrubs to 40 cm high (TutanningReserve, Cranbrook, Frankland)...... 10.C prelssilSchauer 13. lraves 10-20cm longistaminal claws t equal,each with 2-4filaments (Stirling Range,Mt Barker)...... II C. schaueriLehm. 13.* LeavesI 2.5 cm long; staminalclaws not equal,the uppertwo with 4 or 5 filaments,the lowertwo reducedto I or 2 filaments(Bowelling to the Stirling Range)...... 12.C. lehmanniiSchater 14. Fruii retainingall 4 lobes(two of which are reflexedand prominentlythickened, the othertwo lessthickened, deflexed)...... I5 14.* Fruit retaining2lobes that are prominentlythickened and reflexed(or fruit veryshortly 4-lobed)...... 16 l5. Leavesshort, mostly 2-2.5 cm long,stiff, pungent; calyx-tube densely pubescent; fruit mostlyl5'20 mm long,13 18mm wide(Red Hill, Gosnells,lovaein Rock) , - ...... 15.C raPesrrlsSchauer 15.* Leaveslong, mostly 5-7 cm long, shortly mucronate;calyx-tube usually glabrous;fruit mostlyt6-18 mm long, 12 15 mm wide (CapeNaturaliste, Dwellingup,Collie)...... 16. C graniticusT.J. Hawkeswood 16. Fruit shortly4 lobed(leaves 8-12 cm long,glaucous; fruit depressedglobular, 5-7 mm wide) (PeakCharles, Knapp Rock, BarbalinRock, SpinifexRock) ...... 23.C. tuberosus T.J. Hawkeswood l6.x Fruitwith two prominentlythickened 1obes...... 17 17. Leavespungent, rigid, denselycrowded (flowers hidden by the densefoliage) (Mt BairenRange)...... 18.C pinifoliusF. Muell 17.*Leaves not pungent...... 18 18. Flowersusually 2-5 (8)together in a smallcluster amongst leaves ...... 19 18.* Flowersusually arranged in a densespike...... 22 19. Leavesflat...... -...... 20 19.*Leaves terete...... 21 20. Leavesmostly 1.5-2cm long, 1.42 mm wide,narrowly oblanceolate (Wongan Hills)...... 11. C. asper Turcz. 20.* Leavesmostly 2-4 cm long, 3-8mm wide, usuallyoblanceolate (Geraldton to the Kalbarri National Park)...... 21.C.homalophyl1as F Muell. 21. Calyx-tubedensely hirsute; flowers 3-5 in a cluster (CapeRiche) ...... 19.C robustusSchauer 21.* Calyx-tubeusually glabrous, (sometimes finely pubescent);flowers mostly 3 togetherin a cluster(Mt BarrenRange)...... 20. C. valiclusS Moore 22. Lea\es mostly oblanceolate(sometimes narrowly oblanceolate),glabrous (Geraldtonto the Kalbari NationalPark)...... 21. C. homalophyllus F. Muell. 22.* Leaveslinear, usually with spreadinghairs (occasionally glabrous) (Shark Bay to CapeArid)...... 22. C. quadrifidusR. Br.

l. Calothamnuspachystachyus Benth., Fl. Austral.3:173 (1867); Blackall, How to Know WesternAustral. Wildfl. 305(1954); Beard, Descr. Cat. Western Austral. Pl. 72 (1967);Fairall' WesternAustral. Native Pl. in Cult. 8 (1970);Hawkeswood, Austral. Pl. 11:6 (1980); Blackall '02 pautwDxasaarulJads Jo raqunu loloJ '(y^[n) '[ 'S961 'p?or u s a^aUD g ldes roqun8ola{,l?rx€uu8lA:(Vr!\n) u s '[ 'i961 'BIooI,,{ ZI 'W6I a^ayg g rdes SZ ol quou pu? roqunEor{ :(d}) S6 tlotlod V V ,{BW 'Broonl ol peor uo roqurn8or{ solltu :(HJUgd) gZStartotr (I tlnt 'uoopurg0l Jo N 8 'LV6I 'ercroN V'2961 6 Jo ,t[ :HJdgd) (Z) 9L9gDapro) V J tco I .raN Jo S salu :(HIUSd lauplD) roc 'roqun8ot{:(HJXAd) ar{o[ 9'SS61 S t6tl V J'ZZ6l 6l 'A 't06t'reqtun8otr{I0Z9 e V lco 1equn8oru:o[SN :fiJugd) 'us 9Z 'f,061 911trtry'ro^rx 114gy1p1nta8zt!i 'requrnSol\l1rl uosulow V tr} orool\l :(HIUAJ '9 'requnSot{9l 'V'J'W6I lzl Vn6Z're^r{ltbpolg ,+1'Zt6l tdes0€ :(HJXSd) (Zl 80LZIDup.toD too orooJ,i{ :(HJ,ugd) u slazrrd' g sp!(I 8nv'ro^ru aroow:0{J{gd)9t J.1aql!D ' E iI'Tt'106t t'zn8l oue^ :(d)'HJdg.d) }tlgq umuae H' 9 L6t'Any tl'tuaq8rH uroq oN teerD' d w 9L :(HJUAd)'u's sMatpuv 'tco '(Z)uosqcrnnl:O&SM ou'[oJ 'puoauru] )'2061 601??t'pauunxa,,\[SN'tt puz'nn8I I ErT?rlsnY,4a :vI.IVxJSnv N{aJSaIe suawtrads

'(t861)s33ug uopog'q8ra'I ^q paprAorduaeq e^?q uorl?Arosuoc slr roJ suorlepueuuocau 'uorlreloJd ? Jo peouur snql sr pu€ eJnllnJrJBEroJ puel Jo 3uu?alcq8noJql s€or? arrros ur uorlcurlxeperoJJns ,{lqeqoJd sBq sorcods srqJ'l d?t\.uoruruoo ^llmol ÎUosr ]r ereq,{ (g 'S 'uoqnql$Slo .00091I ,0001t J) eorBuoopurg-roqunSol{ or{1 ruo{ u,rou{ ^luo fltuosaJd 'reqolro ol Jequeldesuo{ fl}sour sre,,(old 'sorlrunuuroc qieoq ur€ldpuesur IoÊrBcrluelBl ur ro etuelBlreô puESur st oJD'ioIqDH 'surolsf{ro3 'ua o,{\seq} ur pel?n}rssrolr{.olJ e)rds oql ol SuuroJeJ',,o{rds 'sn,fi1Jrts Jo 're,rolJ,,Suru?eu pue',,Icql, Aulueew'stqrqd\eerD eql ruorC aunuto uotiotuaI

'u,roJq-,ro e^ 'snoJq?I8'apl,r ruru c'8uol ruur 'reaull'olnsdecJod,roJ sapolr?,{O snorq€I8 'qloous 'u,raorq-,{o$elsol 'paualleuZ 0 S I-l '8uol 'Joqto ,{pq8qs'epr,raruur 8 0-9'0 urur9 l-Z l te otenueDe'puotsoprrlA t? etecunll 'Suolqo'eFsdec 'f,{ro3 :ed ,ne; spaasallua! JzlouJBrprurx t'€ acuuo :srqt?qrlumsoqnd '(poxoual eql uI poppaqruetrruJ:03? qtl,{ f?,{ € 3uu€0,\\lnq luoseJd,{ll?lllu soqolo,\a1 Joqlo .{llqE[E peuo{rrqlsoqol olsoddo o,!rt :(S3qol-x^pr pouelJlqt'uoqs oqt Sulpnlou0Suol ruur

The rangesof thesetwo speciesdo not appearto overlap.Calothamnus pachystachyus hasa more southerlydistribution whlle C. longissimusoccurs from Arrino, Three Springs andEneabba to Dandaraganand Badgingarra. The localityof onerecord from the Murchison River (?)(CR. Andrewss.n., PERTH) is thoughtto be incorrectas it is outsidethe present known distributionarea.

Bentham(1867) noted that the upperstaminal claws ol C. pachystachyrsmaterial that he examinedhad 15-20marginal filaments while the lowerones were undivided and without anthers.This discrepancyhas undoubtedlyarisen due to damagedmaterial. '(g,6009tI'S.8?o6Z 'peou 9tI08L ryuDaH t V'8/61 rOeg,t c) sBuudseoqJ uo eqqBoua 'yJ'Ir6t ',!\orooJ:GJXAd) Jog ru{ 6l ueql ssel:(HJUgd)'u's nuplDt Eny 'V 6Z'V3,gb6l.8nv I0g6 raupro' J ldes'IaorJ Eqq?oua:GJXAd)G) 9Z16nup.t7t '(A ,S ,peou,2,{oarJ ?qq?oug:(HJUAd) ZI\\LLryUouH t'tr'LL6t l\rdv LZ ,t€osI I s8uuds ,6t062).s8uuds aarqJuo ?qq?ougJo gN ru)ISt:(HJUAd) (Z) LLgn bpDtg g ,U'0n61tdos aarql 'ht 'tdes 'ElE8uo( ,Bqq?eug Jo l[ selu 0€ :HJUEd 0E$ tqqsv V'6961 ot p€or uo 'ouurv/ Jo N :HIUAd) ,rZZ [aqMaN y)'996t 8nv setru :L,\[SN 'ggyp7l 'A 'ouu:y0[ Jo il\ S lOlntl p7r.ra8z7lt ldeg :Lt[S$ .]/ .ou . oJ puz 16gp'[ 'rrgl 'ro^ru 1U't061 80tt IASN puoawruQ u31t\s:yI.IyuISnv NugJ-Sgll.'paulwoxa saauDadspapaps

'(t86t) s88ug ? uepog'q8ro.I,tq popr^ojdueoq e eq uorl€AJesuocslr JoJsuorlepueuuocou .ejnlln3u8? .I JoJpuel Jo Surr?olcot anp pazrl?col,tuo^ ,tlqBqoJd A\ou $ sercsdssrqJ dBIAtr?lle8u6p?g puB u88eJ8pue001 eqqEeug'sBurJdSosJqJ'ouuJy ruo4 seoJeol paurluoJ .uounqv$lcl

'requotdosol lsn8ny sJa,rolCsuorlerJoss? qlmq fqqnJqsndol ur slrosflla^?JE xWJeNIur stt\ot} .jDllqDH

's3l'odssrql '..tuol 'snlurss?8uol .awou Jo sol?ol ol SuureJeJ ,{Jo^,,Surueeu urta-l aql uotd lo uotprt uall 'u,roJq-.rollo,{'snorqelS 'opr,r uru r'8uo[ ulru g 'l?eurl'elnsderled ê! sapoflÔ 'snorqeF'qloorus 'u,roJq-,{ol3 'poue11egZ 0 'opr,r,rl-l 4sel .{pq8rls ruru g '8uol ultx -Z. tloqlo 'puo 'Suolqo'alnsd€c 0-g0 S I l l? olBnuolle tsapr,rle oterunJl tod ,roJ sprasafihd .epra ww -c '8uuoôc.{{Jo, t eorJlro:oleJunrl puBqloorus + lnoqllr puBpeppsque ueuo suols plo uo 'seqol,x^lec lrruJarnlerx Sutur?lalpu? surols,{IJoc eql u peppeqrxe lseell? ^llensnlrnJl 'xadp JIeq 'J?cruoo,ol?cunJl amlEruur:Euol urru lB opr,rruu g-?puB as?q 1? Joleuprp turu 'elrsses 'luecseqnd/-9 6,g /rrujr ,{losuop,f.rr o trIluuns eu8rls :spjB/$dn?uued?l ,psj deop 'snorqelS'Jopuels '8uol Jo lleuts ulru g[-0t (-gZ)ald,?S Suol ruru g'l c ,Suolqo-tBour1stat1lun,.1wode o1 'esEq 'snoJqel?.uoqs .alrJols Surrodq,{lpnper8 oql1e epr^\rxar S'Z-Z'Auolruur 9l-tl s,/r\elc 'snojqelS.apl,r ,Auol leurur?tsre,{\ol o^{1 :9e-0t sluaLuDltlleurSleu :per daep ulut uur 'pEolq 'J?nboun t-t .luoururold (9t ) Zt-0€ tSZ) ozrsur IBnbo s,relr o,r\l leddn sMDlrlouluDts 'epl,{{'urql 'u?r\olq .aseq .(?rTrJ uo{o ure^ pr}uao :sur8J?rusnouecs qllr epd lB po,r,\oJJ?u poraltecs,roJ B qtlr uauo su6r?ru)snotq?IE Euol uru 'osntqo,o^sJuoJ ,lecndrTle flpEoJq 01,,'eprsu 'oprslno 01Euolqo-eiBôqo flpeoJq qDfad sur8J?ruoql uo pue luec$qnd,{lUoqslnq 'spr/r{ 'e^muor 'esniqo,prollep ,toere,o,r1 ^losuep'I'tql ururt-g'Z'8uol uur (-€) ,{lpeolq S-t 'l?nboun reqlo oql ueql rop?orq. ltqErJsJred olrsoddo uE saqoLxil?J'surels,{IloJ (tuecseqnd ,tluos serurloruos)uollo,rs oql ul peppequa'(as8qeql lB snolq?lE+ sorurlouos)sjreq altq,r -re 'oseq ,oleFupdrusJ IIs Uoqs ur poje oa ^lasuep'8uol uII,uS-? l" po,roreu ]Eq,{\atuos tsoup aqryx{lD)'sa^?el }s8uour?selrds pcupurl,(c ro 'asuop'lJoqsul (gZ-) slaaolg 'luoultuord JeJol?lrun SI,S spuEISIro :J?oleq] Suol?tuc I lnoqe ol oseqluog Eurpuelxeonssn flloo to, el e ,luoEund ,olaulu]nJ"Jo qlltt ^["nsn'os?q 1?slreq 8uruI"loJ soulleuos lnq snoJqelS^Fnsn lou 'apl,&ruru (zJ g ( '8uol ur (OeJgz,gltgl) ,snorqecs .oleret,rspuels,olssas 'sl.roqa l-z l I) 'pop^.olc lBq,{eruos ur po8u?r€ ueuo srdra7 eS?qllr snoJqelS+ Equroceqsluols pu? soÊel :lueJsoqndflasuop 1nq fl oqsslooqs Suno soqcu€tqJeplo uo luoutruoldsJ?cs Jpol :saqousjq 'q8q ',rol ',{l33er1s 'paqouerq-qcnu,loerg ,{{roc'{clql qlF u I 01 qnlqs ^qsnq uouo

..pterJptosrleluoprcco oerTerrsny BuofnJ odord srsouem snqro,u",o ull,ffii#jh?l?? 'z .ld .l?llsny p0'up[,,\[l?rlsny uratsol[,rou) ol ,4oH'3^ruD ? IIe)ITEIS:(0g61) :l 'poo^\sel,r?H:(0161) 6,9,9 I .ld .lsrtsnv 8 TInJ ul Id e^qeN'lertsnvurolsed\'ll€rr8C:(/961) Z/ ,ll?{c?lg ur01s0l[ ]eJ rcsec'pr?og :(tg6l) got upliA letlsnv urolsola ,ry\oux01 ,roH ''qluag'.Qggil .2 :(LggIJnLI:t J?rlsnvlC ZlI:t rf?rC'[onW C snumsr8uolsnuusqlol?:) rpoo^\sell\pH'l 9L snuaoqlolo) J tO NuyrsiaVol. 6, No. I (1987) "Western (PERTH);small valley E of Titanium" leases,8 km S of Eneabba,(2905 3' S I 15019' E), 13Sept. 1977, R.J. Hnatiuk 770911(PERTH); Hill River,22 Sept.1951, N.H. Speck s.n.(3) (UWA); Badgingarra, Sept. 1965, F.G. Smith1837 (PERTH); 5 milesE of Moora, I I Sept. 1932, W.E. Blackall 2533 (2) (PERTH); Dandaragan,Sept. 1953,H. Smith s.n. (PERTH);5 milesW of Moora,23 Sept.1962. J.S. Beard 1841 (PERTH, KP); 63 mile tank, 22 Sept.1953, N.H. Specks.n. (UWA).

Total number of specimensexamined. 28.

Comments.This speciesis closelyrelated to C. pochystachyusBenth., but can be readily distinguishedon leaf charactersand the colour of the staminalclaws (see comments under C. pachystachyus).

The speciesexhibits little variation throughout its range.

t\fr'6* , u'SNlW,- ( , ^.'t$iE S6e

Figufe2. lrusrrarion o,-rrro"-,^ *,))",;;.;;.;, bittardierett806 rab. t64). 3. Calothamnussanguineus Labill., Pl. Nov. Holl, 2:25,t. 164(1806); DC., Prodr.3: 211 (1828)tSchauer, Regelia, Beaufortia & Caloth.24 (1843);Schauer in Lehm.,Pl. Preiss. l: l5l (1844);Benth., Fl. Austral.3:174 (1867|' Blackall, How to Know WestemAustral. Wildfl. 305(1954); Beard, Descr. Cat. Western Austral. Pl. 72 (1967);Fairall, Western Austral. Native Pl. in Cult. 84 (1970);Hawkeswood, Austral. Pl. I l: 6,10(1980)t Blackall and Grieve, How "Habitat to Know WesternAustral. Wildfl. ed.2,3,A:149 (1980). ?"ype: in terravan-Leuwin" (GeographeBay) (lecto,here designated: FI, photographseen, Figure 2).

Calothamnuseriocarpa Lindley, Sketch Veg. Swan Riv. Col. 9 (1839).Iype: no citation(holo: CGE, photographseen). 'IaWl ]iI986 llenl\ )f sruaqtuDtn4alqsnuuDqlolD) Jo.d,qoloH € .rnglC

'u,rolq ol?d Jepr,rle elEcurul ,tlenbrTqo,{ll?nsn 'l?ln8w 'snorq?J8'epl,r uru '3uolrxu 'elE^?plEeurl'snoJaurnu 'uirioJq 'pe^mr t 0,20 'qloorusZ-S ',{urqsI 'snolq?I8 sapolnÔ alploJoqcElsal souo Jotno lBq,retuos 'epr,t\ '8uol 'Suolqo-reoull'elnsdm turu 8 0-90 ruru Z'g l red /r'e!spaas a aJ Jel3rujetp 'poua{Jtql UI [rrx € Z'saqol {Jlql ^q paJeôJlso[xp ocrJuo:s8e qlr,r ,{e,,|\eSuueo,r lou o,rl SurureruoJ'pouo{crqt Sururocoq Jred olrsoddo uu '}uolsrsJod'^rp seqol-x,tl83:poDluu,r Jo qloorusuoql 'o8eqll,,r{ snorqelS Suruocoq 'luecseqnd fll8qrur '.opr,rruu (6-) '(saqol 'repqo18 'olrsses 8-/ t9 9) x.{lm Surpnlrur)Suol luru g tsoule ol proô tl' lua3soqnd.{losuop ZI 'por J 'lapuels ,,Clr,1o lruuns [ErusBru3rls :snorqelS poolq'3uolrulu (0t gl ( g) osr,rrorllo Jo '3uol ) SZ eseqle {crq1al&S {celq 01 u,,r{.orqUep ruru S I-Z L:otertD flesreds'reeu\ snq]uD :{,r"[c ronaolJod sJeq]ue eluels ro g 'Z ssossodsuorlelndod oruos) JoqluB aluols auo ^[?nsn '8uol t 'pepr^lpun rlll,âqieo ruur (01) 6 8 (t) rEeurl s,relcJo,rol o,rl oql :s]uoru?IuI?ur8ruur qll.er'3pltr uIrU(8') '8uol tulu (0f-) .BIceFurs pPorq ,{rr^ e urroJor 9€-92 /'9 ti) 9Z-ZZ\ 0Z),1'poj roqtoSolposnJ s,,r{elc o,{{l roddn eqt :asBqle,rollof uauo poolq'snorqelS sMrlr 'e8uBro'snouers 'urql lenbaun IDutwDtSeErlrx All?ruBdueuo sulSJeu:olluoc ut luouruotd spuelS 'u,rorq-o8uBJo ',{Jed?d'snoJqelS 'esnlqo 'a^Bcum '8uol 'oleôqo lro ruul ,{peolq ol 'SuolqoIJ?p 'aleuqtulJ tulql l-g slrtadr puBsnouBJs sul8reul:oprsur luocsaqnd ,tlourJ Ietndlllo-Suolqo'aprqno '8uol pm,{l oqs tuaJsaqnd,4lesuop ulur (€-) 'eêcuoo'alnJ€ fllq8lTs ol osnlqo 'prollop'o,/t\l S Z-Z roqioeqt u?qt ropr,r,{ltq8rts souo olrsoddo o,rl ro 1?nbe+ saqotxtlDJ'.eseqsll$ 'luaJsaqnd '8uol 'olelnu?duEc olelp flluoururojdot ^llq8rtssrqc?qr ,tlasuep urur?,g Z ,{lp?o.lq ol olplnuedu?caqnfxtlDJ saqJ[eJqJoplo pue eql t? soêolls8uotue so{rds 'uoqs Jo IeJupurT,{o Jo I?Jetslrun+ ur Jo srolsnlc ur s./a.o1c lueuflxoJd,tlensn spu?13 'pod?qs-S lleus sz-[ '8unof lro :tue8undlou lnq olnce ueuo'a3? qtr.4 snoJq?I8+ uoq,r asoltd,{[esuop 'epl,r{rurut-80'8uolrur(92)ZEI(I)'peuo€lJfnq8rlslootorot'olssas'Elnrrpuodlod01 'soqruBJq lcoJo Jeplouo pop,roJcsailraj a8pqllr sJBcs tueuluoJdqlt,|a uouo lo 'qloorus 'patuluals JBOI 'peqcu?Jq-qcnu'lJoJA soqcuejq:q3rq uc 08-0t qnJqslJedum el8uls,{Jlensn '(€ arntrd '-lAI,{ 'uosrqcrnw :oJoq),,plorJplo uounu pe srpr.rBs6EId uL, :adKJ lgLg gg:01 uISerC'Iont{ C :\LggI)n LI:t. lE4snv lC' q1u0g:(298 1 ) ZI l :t ur8erdllont{ C SruaqtuuDqdqqsnuaoqtop)

snuaDqplo)'poo,rsel,,,\eH I I (1987) :8 NuytsiaVol.6, No l "blood- Derivation of name. From the Latin s4nguineus, meaning coloured", refeffing to the usualcolouiof the staminalclaws. Naturally occurringyellow-flowering variants may also occur (Figure4).

Habitat. Commonly grows on sandplainsnorth of Perth in heath and malleeheath communitiesin associaiionwith dominantspecies ol Acacia,Hakea, Grevillea, Banksia and Eucalyptus.In many localities,C. sanguineusoccun sympatricallywith C quadriJidusR (Benth.). Br., t. torulosn Schauer,C. blepharospermusF. Muell, and C.-glaber T J. Hawkeswood.Calothamnus sangui.aezs is uncommonin coastaljarrah (Eacalwtus maryiru.ta) forestsin shallowsand over latirite or granitefrom Perth to the Whicher Range(33047'S' I15031'E). Flowersmostly June to Octoberbut in someareas flowering occurs for mostof the year.

Distribution.From Kalbarri National Park in the north (c. 27045'S, 114a20'E\to Perth in the south. The specieshas a disjunct distdbution south of Perth, occurringat cape ryaturaliste (33035'S,11500i'E), Dwellingup (32042'S, I16002'E), Narrogin (32056'S, I17010'E)' Stirling Range(c. 34020'S, 118010'E)and the PerupRiver (34017' S, 116a42'E)Map 2.

SelectedsDecimens examined. WESTERN AUSTRALIA: MurchisonRiver, 6 Sept.1949, N.H. Speik s.n.(UWA); MurchisonRiver, 20 Sept.7948, C- Morison & D.L. Serventysn. (PERTH);Kalbarri sandplainreserve, 17 J.tly 1966,A.M. Ashbv 1833(PERTH, NSW); 5 km E of Kalbarri, 12 May 1968,P.G. Wilson6723 (PERTH);near mouth of Murchison R., l0 July 1963,F.G. Smith 1689(PERTH); Loop Road,Kalbaffi Nat. Park,7 Aug. 1976, R.J.Hnatiuk760508 (PERTH)I between Geraldton and Mullewa, 23 Sept.1932, W.E. Bkckall 2752(PERTH);4 milesW of Ellendale,5 July 1971,R.,4. Saffrey1551(PERTH); 37 miles W of Coorow,Sept. 1967,C.H. Gittins 1693(PERTH); Mingenew, June 1901,Diels and hitzel s.n. (PERTH); S of Dongaraon Eneabbaroad, 7 Sept. 1969,A.M. Ashby 3016 PERTH); Irwin River,28 May 1950,l/.A. McArthur s.n (UWA); N of ArrowsmithRiver, (29034'S,I15013' E\,4 L:ue.1976,R.J. Hnatiuk 7 60278 (PERTH)I S of ArrowsmithR,10 Sr;fi. 1967,A.C. Burns57 (PERTH);E of Greenhead,24 Sept.1962,J.S. Beard 1907 (PERTH, KP); Mt Lesueur,16 Sept. 1976,J.S. Beard7823 (PERTH); Hill River, htne 1943,C.A. Gardners.n. (PERTH): 35 milesW of Watherooon Badgingarraroad, 18 July 1965,J.C. Anway s.n. (UWA); 5 km SW of Badgingarra,9 Sept.1979, G.J. Keighery257 6 (PERTH); 65 milesNNW of Gingin,2 Sept.1970, T.E.H. Aplin andR.G. Coveny3138 (PERTH, NSW); Cataby,near Dandaragan West, 2 Sept.1973, E.C. NelsonANU 17273(PERTH); 14.4km S of DandaraganWest, (30045'S,I15040'E), l7 March 1919,T.J. Hawkeswood A2 (NE\; 35 km N of Gingin,(31005'S, 115046'E), 17 March 1919,T.J. Hawkeswood 1'1, 1'2,A4 (NE);Wongan Hills, 9 Aug. 1949,E. Salisburys.n. (PERTH);2 milesW of WonganHills, 5 June 1969,M.LH. Brooker 1830(PERTH); Mimegarra'Mt Misery, 22 Sept. 1951,N.1{ Specks.n. (UWA);Waddington, 24 July 1952,G.M. Srorr s.n.(PERTH); near New Norcia, 4 Sept.1962, F.lf. Went 89 EERTH); 122miles N of Perth on WonganHills to Northam Rd., S of Ballidu,4 Ang. 1977, G.J.Keighery 2238 (KP); Bindoon area, 25 April 1963,A.H Larner (2) (PERTH);Mogumber, Aug. 1929, W.E. Blackalls.n. (PERTH); 14 milesfrom Gingin, 29 Sept. 1968,M.E. Phillips C8G028454(NSW); 65 km SW of ThreeSprings, 19 April 1979,T.J. Hawkeswood s.n. (PERTH); 50 km SW of ThreeSprings, (29035' S, I 15035' E), 19 April 1919,T.J. Hawkeswood90, 91, 92, 93,94 (PERTH); 8 milesW of Calingiri, 24 April 1959,T.E.H Aplin 456 (PERTH); 15 km E of Gingin, 14 Dec. 1978,A. Coates 34470(KP); 60 m.p. Perth-Moora,4 May 1964,A.R. Fairall 1433(KP); Yanchep, l1 Aug. 1971,M. Miller s.n (UWA); Yanchep,17Oct. 1963,A.M../azes 65 (PERTH);Wanneroo, 25 Jtly 1963,F.G. Smith 1721(PERTH);Wanneroo to Yanchep,24 5ept.7970.H. Salasoo 4213(NSW); S of W annerco,22Sept. 1970, l{ Salasso4135 (NSW); Toodyay Rd., 31 Aug. 1976,H.Ikmarz6150 (KP); 2milesEof Mullaloo,July 1965,J.R. Knox 650718(PERTH); Greenmount,May l90l, C.RAndrews s.n. (PERTH); Maddington, 24 July 1952,G.M. Storr .{uoslelad 'rnenso'] tr^tr :otoqd: V i[ l r,i.) llqel snaun8uossnuwp\lolo) lo )ueue! pals^\ou,laollo,4 SuuJntao ,{ elnleN t om8ll

'HJUAd) uasualsutlJ'd 'tL6I 'ro^ru druad:(VAn) u s 'V '056t ltg 'HIUIlrdy 0€ '!'D '6161 puottoH pI I'oBueUSurTrrlS qlnos :(dX gd,l08ZZ {raq3!aX iel\ 's8ururls'lllH urn0 pou :GJUgd uoqaN 'ZL6I 't3o 'lllH rlontr 0t 8tr9l nNy'a'x',296t J'g 'uoprogSI tr?a8u?u 8ulrlls lwa :(HJdad) L\t {aqMaN 8nv II Jo s so[ursl :(HJUgd 'u sp.rr,14 o1S 'l 'gt6l 3nV 'urSoueN:t&ILdAd,l a8na) 'S'V'9961 [el/'t ',qo8urd 'a^raseU 8t h LL 'dos 'uprepunJVZ JoAS selru ,l SuruatnJ:Ud,S$ 99tt ossDlosI{'0/61 /Z uo^lEr?e.{ ro ropellocou'(a)fEln{ :(HIUSd) 'us [paauax Jo'0561l\,\S:(VldJl) 'ourDlc€lJ 'W ' 0t'dnAurTI€I ',{eg I ,{?r{ :(HJUgd)I uosbpJ 6161eunt tZ'elsrT?rnleNed?J olSeg :(HIUSd)(Z) pooMsatlM,H't'J '0861,{?hi 'olsrBrnt8NodBJ 'qc?og dnlosl/{ :(Vl[n) 'u's 682 'alsrt€ml?N 9l '{oorg '.(y 'H Kau^nDJ'H' LZ6I ca( 9Z adBJ dnlael{ Mn) u s uDiitlg N '296t rdas 'atsrlernl€Ned?J:(HJUAd) pooMs '086t,{el,a{ 'eAuBU 'p"oUI ,62'882 'I IMITHTJ 'oEu€U9l reqcrq.r\\ raqclqA:(HIUgd) LgZpooMsaftoH J'0861 ^Bt{ SI roqrrqA 'pBoUBUTqES :(HJdSd) ua8pru1g'W'9L61 qcreIAI 'speox,{rtserod qllurs pu? 'oEusu 9991 'H '8n61 €Z'sedols 'Epuntxele) e{ref rc raqclqnA:(vid,n) u slxads N ^etr{9 uralsona :(HJUgd) €ueteH:(vl[d )trDo[ 'uol8urTr"C9t ryoo.IqDas 'u I'LL6t.{Int0t'l(a[€A 'l '0t61 'uotEurTr?C-?punu€lexQl Vg'6t6tau\I :(yl[n) s swoolu4 v ,iew SI :(ViAn) u s snuwDqlolDJ'poo^\s0),^\EHf J NuytsiaVol. 6. No. I (1987) Total number of specimensemmined. 254.

Comments.This is oneof themost common and widely distdbuted of the Calothamnusspeaes. It is most closelyrelated to C. torulosusSchauer with which it occurssympatrically in the Eneabba-Badgingarrasandplain habitats north of Perth. Calothamnussangurneus can be easily distinguishedfrom C torulosusin havingthe uppertwo staminalclaws fused together whereas in the latter speciesthey are free, as is the casewith all other Calothamnusspecies. One characteristicfeature of C. sanguineus,not presentin other species,is the sparselyciliate anthers,although C. torulosuspossesses anthen with unusual,long, cobweb-likehairs.

Bentham(1867) noted that the two fusedupper staminal claws of C sanguineusreadlly separated.In the field theseclaws do not separatebut in someherbarium specimens some degreeof splittinghas occurred no doubtas a resultof drying. Benthamalso noted that the lowerstaminal claws did not possessanthers. This iserroneous since flowers of all specimens I haveexamined in the field (localities:Murchison River, Dandaragan,Gingin, Yanchep, Kalamunda,Dwellingup, Cape Naturaliste, and the WhicherRange), possessed lower staminal clawswith oneanther. Populations at Kalamundawere found to possess2-4 anthers per lower staminalclaw. The anthersof the short,tapering lower staminal claws are weakly attached, and it is likely that the specimensBentham examined had lost theseanthers as a resultof handling.Another distinctivefeature of C. sanguineusis its habit of droppingthe fruiting capsuleswhen the seedsare mature.

Specimensof C sanguineusfrom Perthto CapeNaturaliste are generally more bushy and spreading,possess more densely crowded, thinner, usually cylindrical leaves and possess fewer flowers and smallerfruits than plants growing in sandplainsfrom Perth to Kalbarri, the wheatbeltlocalities (e.g. Narrogin, Borden) and the StirlingRange. However, the variability is not sufficient to warrant a separatesubspecies being createdfor these populations. Differencesin soil type (i.e.lateritic soilsin the Darling Rangeand granitic soilsat Cape Naturaliste)from that from Kalbarri to Perth (i.e.sandy, quartzite soil) may be one factor contributingto this variation.However, the soil at the Stirling Rangewhere C. sanguineus occurs is also a sandy quartzite soil, yet the populationsthere resemblethose at Cape Naturaliste.

Calothamnussanguineus is one of only a few speciesof the genusthat are widespread andexhibit variation throughout their range.lts apparentdisjunct distribution in south-west WesternAustralia is of much interest,since it is unlikelythat limitedcollecting and/or land clearingin this vast area would accountfor the paucityof records.

Although specimensof C. sanguineusmay be seenin flower in many aleasthroughout the year, its main flowering period is during the springmonths, August to October.The occasionalyellow flowering plant hasbeen observed in the Mt Lesueurarea, north of Perth (Hawkeswood1980). Figure 4.

4. Calothamnustorulosus Schauer, Regelia, Beaufortia & Caloth.25 (1843);Schauer in Lehm., Pl. Preiss.1:152 (1844); Benth., Fl. Austral.3:175 (1867); Blackall, How to Know Westem Austral.Wildfl.305 (1954);Beard, Descr. Cat. Western Austral. PI.72 (1967);Fairall,Western Austral.Native Pl. in Cult. 8 (1970);Hawkeswood, Austral. Pl. I l:10, I I (1980);Blackall & Grieve,How to Know WesternAustral. Wildfl. ed.2,3,A:150 (1980). Iype: "In calculosis ad radicesiugi montium Darling'Rangedicti, haud procula villa Maddington,Novembri a, 1839;L. Preiss!J. Drummondl"(lecto, here designated: Preiss 212, LD, Figure5). 'g 'ro^lu 'mense.l sprocoraejqt .{IuO lg,ZZrStt ,9go6E),{.tashtr }htr ot puB€lls8ulSpeg lltH lt\i ',{llnD '?qqeouaot (g 'S r) re^ru qlrus,torrv eql r€3ulxo{ rncco IloqsollcoJ ,0loEI I .9€062 'uounqlJtslQ suorlelndoduJeqlJou eql uorlnqulsrplcunfsrp e a^eqol sl?eddBsal3eds sIqJ

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Selectedspecimens examined. WESTERN AUSTRALIA: 8 milesS of Arrowsmith River, 18 Oct. l9'71,H. Demarz3470 (PERTH, KP); c. 12kmNof Eneabba,4Attg. 1976,R.J. Hnatiuk 7 60249(PERTH); Eneabba, (29050'S, 115018'E), l9 April 1919,T.J. Hawkeswood s.n. (PERTH,UWA, NE); Eneabbaturnoff, (29050'S, ll50l7'E), 19 Lprtl 1979,T.J. Hawkeswood7,8,9 (PERTH); On Eneabba-CockleshellGully road,Sept. 1969, C. Brindley s.n.(PERTH); Mt Lesueur,4Nov. 1962,R.D.Royce 7'737 (PERTH); slopes of Mt Lesueur, N.H. Specks.n. (UWA); top of Mt lrsueur, Mll Specks.n. (UWA); 23 milesfrom Jurien Bay towardsEneabba,24 Sept. 1968, M.E. Phillips CBG 027196(NSW); Cockleshell Gully, Sept.1931, WE. Blackall3556(PERTH); Cockleshell Gully, Aug. 1967,5.H.James (UW A): Hill River, 30 Sept.1969, C.A. Gardner 12793(2) (PERTH);7 milesNW of Badgingarra, 3 Oct. 1960,BG. BnggsNSW 144103(NSW); 7 milesfrom Jurien Bay tumoff on road to Watheroo,16 Oct. 1966,F. Lullfitz 5628 (PERTH);4 milesNW of Dinner Hill, 3l Aug. 'i.97 5, K.R. Newbey 2301 (PERTH); Badgingarra,18 Sept. 1959, C.A. Gardner 12316 (PERTH);Badgingarra, Aug. 1968,C.A. Gardners.n. (PERTH); Badgingarra, l0 Sept.1960, L. Steenholms.n. (PERTH); Badgingarra,23 Sept. 1962, J.S. Beard 1869 (PERTH); Badgingarra,Sept. 1965, C.A. Gardners.n. (2) (PERTH);Badgingarra, 18 Sept.19'1'7, A.C. Burns112 (PERTH); 67 milesNNW of Gingin,2 Sept.1970, T.E.H. Aplin andR.G. Coveny 3142(NSW); between Dandaragan and JurienBay, 27 Sept.1932, W.E. Blackall2901,2923 (PERTH);Mingenew-Mt Misery, (undated),N.H. Specks.n. (PERTH);Swanview, 1 Oct. 1960,R.D. Royce 6395(PERTH); Crystal Brook Hill, Darling Scarp,(32001' S, 116001'E), 15 Sept. 1971,A.S. GeorgeI l04l (PERTH);Melaleuca Road, Lesmurdie, 29 Sept.1969, C. Muldownie (UWA); SwanRiver, J. Drummord no. 128 (NSW).

Total number of specimensexamined. 40.

Comments.Although the specieshas a somewhatrestricted distdbution in comparisonto a numberof other Calothamnusspecies, it is commonthroughout its range.It is especially commonin the Eneabba-Badgingarra-CockleshellGully areawhere it occurssympatrically with C. quadrifdus R. Br. and C. sanguineusLabill. Like its close relative, C. sanguineus, C. torulosushas a disjunctdistribution in the southernportion of its range.In the northem part of its distribution,the mostsoutherly record is from Mimegarra-Mt.Misery. There are no collectionsbetween here and Perth (c. 100km distance)wherc only threerecords are known. There are no morphologicaldifferences between these plants and thoseof the northern populations.The absenceof recordsfrom Pedh to Mt Misery may be indicativeof lack of collectionsor the resultsof land clearing(Hawkeswood 1980). The collectionsfrom Perth arefrom suburbsin which residentialdevelopment has oc-curred so the survivalof the species in this area appearsdoubtful in the adventof further development.The sizeand ecology of the threeknown populationsol C. torulosusin the Perth areahas not beendocumented and, clearly,field studiesshould be initiatedin order to secureareas for its conservation.

Bentham(1867) stated that C. torulosusmay be a variety of C. sanguineus.However, althoughthey are similar and closelyrelated, they differ in many characters,not leastby the fused upper staminal claws in C. sanguineuswhich is lacking in C. torulosus.Bentham's (1867)description of C. torulosusisinactwate due to the inclusionof specimensof C. graniticus T.J. Hawkeswood.

5. Calothamnuslateralis Lindley, Sketch Veg. SwanRiv. Col. 9 (1839);Benth., Fl. Austral; 3:177(1867); Blackall, How to Know WesternAustral. Wildfl. 306(1954); Beard, Descr. Cat. WesternAustral. Pl.72 11967);Fairall, WesternAustral. Native Pl. in Cult. 8 (1970); '(Cl) Luqa'Io!lo!!]uot snuuoqtolo) Jo cd^lolca'I 9 oJnBIl

..' i:: \; 1.,.. : :.' rt' rl ...' :'t t',,

'0 orn8rC'C-I:petEuBtsep 0l0q'olJal) (002 oN 'ssrordqJoH) 'I llSal ellerlsnY uI quad unlnplddo edordstlBpunul ..ssteld IJ '\Lg8llleuolpueu eruerqsno;lnl snol uL, :ad,{J prlsnY lg'qluag (ruqe'l) snlp!8uol ewrol 'ssrordLLI:g ' "?luoJn?eg srpaiq snuuoqppJ :(??81)SS I: I Id ruqe'lu renBqcs:(et8l) it qloleJ 'drta8au'raneqcA ']JdIlz'I :(Ztgl) / qur8H lofl uoH uras le( olto!?uot snuulqrcp) 'ADJ 'uouv 're^\d 'Z '(uoosqde$otoqd :oloq) u?1/ls:adtJ (0861)Zgl:V€ pa $pll,\[ 'l?rlsny 'e^euC 'poo,,l\s0l,{\EH urolsoiA^{ou) 01./i^oH T II?1381fl:(0861) I I:l I Id l?rlsnY snuwotllolo) Poo,{\solr\\€H I I 84 NuytsiaVol. 6, No. I (1987) Erect,slender, shaggly, single stemmed, few-branched, glabrous, shrub to 2.5m high.Young stemsand leavesglabrous. Ieayes scattered,often 4 or 5 leavestogether arising from about the sameposition on the stem,sessile, slender terete, semierect to erect,rigid, (10) 25 30 (35) cm long, 1.52 mm wide,obtuse or shodly mucronate,slightly pungent to pungent,oil glandsnot prominent.F/owers numerous, arranged in unilateralspikes, (4-) 7-10 tl3) cm long,usually on leaflessportions of stems.Calyx-tube shoft, broadly campanulate, 1.5-2 mm long,glabrous, green, embedded in the swollen,corky rhachis' calyxJobes erect, deltoid, acute, slightlyconcave,0.7 I mm long,0.5'0.8mm wide,glabrous outside and within;two opposite lobesslightly largerthan other two; marginsthin, scarious,ciliate. Petals nafiow obovate, obtuse,concave, 2.5-3mm long, glabrous,thin, with scariouspartially ciliatemargins; pale yellowgreen, often tinged with pink. Staminalclaws t equal,20-25 mm long, 0.7-l mm wide,glabrous, dark crimson,yellowgreen towards base; marginal filaments 4 or 5; anthers oblong,f.7-0.8 mm long, dark brown. Style 15-28mm long, slender,tapering to stigma, glabrous,pale red, yellow-green at base;stigma small. Summmit of ouarydensely pubescent. Frzll sessile,depressed globular, 2-3 (-4)mm wide, embeddedin the swollen,corky rhachis; two calyx lobespe$istent on top of fruit. Fertile seedsfew per capsule,narrow-pyriform, 0.7 0.8 mm long,glabrous; testa grey brown, smooth, glabrous. Oyulodes numerous, linear, linearclavate or narow pyriform, 0.7-0.8mm long, thin, glabrous,dark cream.

"at Ikfivation of name Frcm the I-aIin lateralr, meaning the side",referring to the unilateral spikesof flowerspossessed by the species.

Habitat. Grows in swampsor damp ground in the coastalsouth-west corner of Western Australia.Flowers mostly from June to December.

Distribution.Frcm LakePinjar near Wanneroo, north of Perth(31040'S, 115047'E), to swamps in the Perthdistrict, to Busselton,near Blackwood River (34010'S,115015'E) then to the Albany-Walpoledistrict (c. 35000'S,117040'E). Map 4.

Selectedspecimens examined. WESTERN AUSTRALIA: SwanRiver, 1843,Turner s.n. (BRI);Lake Pinjar, 24 June1977 , J.S. Beard 8034 (PERTH); Muchea, Nov. 1964,G.G. Smith s.n.(UWA); NeavesRoad, NE of Wanneroo,3 Aug. 1966,J.J. Havel 310(PERTH); Neaves Road,12 Oct. 1966,J.J. Havel 327 (PERTH);Cannington Swamp, 6 M ay 1948,N.H. Speck s.n.(UWA); Cannington, 21 Nov. 1903,,4.Morrison s.n. (PERTH); lower Canning River, 12Nov. I 898,l. Morrisons.n. (BRI); Bayswater, lower Swan River, 5 Dec.1908, A. Morison s.n. (BRI); sandplain,Perth, l2 Oct. \9'7'7,R.J. Cranfield49 (PERTH);Jandakot, 28 Sept. 1979,R.Carys.n. (PERTH); near Banksiadale, 1Dec. 1968,,E Wittwer 735a (KP); 9miles W of Harvey,Nov. 1958,D.M. Churchills.n.(UW A)t Serpentine,Oct. 1899,R. llelns NSW 144012(NSW); Serpentine, 29 Oct. 1899,R. Helms s.n. (BRI); Capel,27 Oct. 1946,R.D. Royce \320 (PERTH);4.9 mileson Lake Road from North Dandalupbog, 15 Oct. 1969, H. Ikmarz 1754(PERTH, KP); along road near Busselton,13 Sept.1962, F.W. Went 36 (PERTH);Busselton, 27 Sept.1944, C.A. Gardners.n. (PERTH); Tutunup, Busselton distdct, l3 Sept.1956, R.D Royce5462 (PERTH); Flooded Gum Swamp,Muja, Collie,I Nov. 1979, R.A. Saffrey1779 (PERTH); 3 km E of BlackwoodRiver Crossingon BrockmanHighway on Augusta-Nannuproad, 3 Nov. 1978,G.J. Keighery1879 (KP); near Chorkerup near Mt Barker,Dec. 1939, W.E. Blackall s.n. (PERTH); take Chorkerup,20 Dec. 1939,C.A. Gardner 4330 (PERTH);Merven Lake,c. 12 milesS of Bridgetownnear Wilgarup turnoff, 3 Dec. 1962,I'y.A. Loneragan244 IUWA\; Windy Harbour Road, 8 Jan. 1961, E. Wittwer 570 (KP); Torbay junction (betweenDenmark and Albany), Dec. 1902, C.R Andrews s.n. (PERTH);BowRiver,Dec. l9l2, S.l4t.Jackson s.n. (PERTH, K, MEL, CANB, NSW);Scott RiverRoad,'7 Jan. 196'1, E. Wittwer554 (KP); near Ravenswood roadside, l3Oct. 1965, A.R. Fairall 1693(KP); King George'sSound, 1828'1829, W. Baxters.n. (BRI). 'lu?ero 'snoJqBIS'ulq} '3uo[ 'tuJoJu^d 'l?3uIT rutu 0-10 ,^.oJl€uJo o1?êl3ftoull {JBp 'qloorus'u,,'\oJq 8 'snonwnusapolnql snorqeF êr8elsot :snorqeF'Euol ruul 8 0-16'uuoJuAd 'oFsd€3 'lr.nr! ,rorjeu Jed naalspaas alwal Jo dol uo luelslsledsoqol x,{lBc o,rAl :stq3?qJ 'epl,,i{ 'J?lnqoF 'ollssas ,4IJoc'ua[o,âsoql uI poppoquo turu (t) pessordop ]rr?rd.luac-s;qnd €-Z 'psJ 'snolqelS'Bru8ps f,lisuepdr,ro go llruuns ?tu8lts:3s€q le ueoJt',,rl.ofief eled ol '8uo[ Il€uts '8uol 'Suolqo Surredfu':apuCls ruur a{ls u,,rlolq lulu 8 0-/ 0 eaqluD'.(L') 8Z-SI Uep'uostuuc 'sno.Iqep'eplia sluau?lrJ :3s€qspJe,,t{ol ueel3-,|[olle,{ )IJep tulx I'l 0 S-t l?ur8reu 'uool3-,^(o[a^ ;auo1ruur g7-g7'Ienbe + sMolJ qlI,Âpo8ull uauo eled:sul8fttu loulr/r/S'8uol luld 'a^?JuoJ'Jsn]qo 'aleôqo olerTrc^[?ru€d ql!,âulq]'snoJqBIS u.ltu€ E Z ndoJJEusloQd 'al?rlrc'snouaJs 'urql sut8l?u:onAlJoqlo aql ueql laaJel^llq8ls seqolellsoddo o,{\l:ulqlv( '3uol 'a^33um 'olnce'ptollap'1c0le pu?eprslno snorqBlS 'epl.a urru turu ,{llqEITs / 0-90 ['9 'snorqelS0 '8uol 'a]elnuedu?r :srqr?qrÎroc 'uollo^lseql ur pappoquo tutu iaqoyx'{1ot Z S [ '8uol rliebrq loqs aqnl xlqoJ soÊellnoqll{\ srue}sJo suoluod uo .{lensn tu3 (91 'snororunu 'luo8und 171teryos 1e.ra1?lrunur po8ueJJe srrMolC luouruord lou spu?FIo tr-i'moJq?I8 'ateuoJcnu 'opl,'\ 'c'8uol 'pl8u 'lroJa 'e10r01 .{l}loqs rulu I tuc (6)9-t (g) 01lcel3-ltuos 'repuals'ellsses 'pep,lAoJc ol paJalle}ssa^DaT snolq?lS soêol puE stlrols Suno^ qBIqu Z 'poqcusJq 'poururols-oFuls'8ulp?eJds lnoq?ol qruqssnoJq?I3 qtnu .{llqBITsol Jopuols'peJg (ld) ioneqcs/ra8rn4 snuwotlplo) Jo tdlloloH I alnSrJ

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',{losolcpojolruour oq plnoqs suortelndod lueudoloôp pue solu tuo4 palsJJns3êq ol sl?odd€ 'punoJaIslluoplsel saroodsoql lorJtsrpquod oql q ,{dtu?,$ssI sttDtalq 3 .{q polnoêJlellq€q eqJ 'oau€r str lnoq8norql uorleu€ÎmrSoloqdJoru elltrl sllqlqxes{rJrJol snuwnqtoloS vaBanT ur Suol rxJ .{llsorupue sroDlDl uI Suol tuc ,{ltsour:sollds 8uu3,|\ou ot{l Jo J t'[ , 0l-/ '(llp&anq sqlSualoql ,4qpoqsm8urlsp eq oslp uet solcadso,lnt aql'plelJ aql uI J ut Buoluuog'l 'se^zol ,{ltsoru^luo) Suol ruc ^0sotu oqtJo ql8ueleq1 pue ltqeq qlto:8 .{qpeqsn8utlstp ' 0€'SZ flJeolr oq uBJlnq nnetlcgtuaganq J 01pat?lal ,4losolt sl: slt,Jalq snuluDqtolo) sluaawo) 'ZV panaDxa suaunadsto Dqu.muploJ 'poo,rsolr\eH s8 snuaDqtolm I I 86 NuytsiaVol. 6. No. 1 {19871 Derivationof name.Named after Karl AlexanderAnselm Freiherr von Hiigel (1794196l8j0), German born Austrian soldier and horticulturist, who collectedin Australasiaduring 18301837.

Habitat. Growstn sandyor gravellyclay or sandover latedte in heathor tall malleescrub. Locallycommon. Flowers mostly from April to May andsometimes to September,depending on local environmentalconditions.

Distribution.From Hyden (32028'S,118042'E), Corrigin (32025'S, 117048'E) to near Woodanilling(33035'S, 117030'E) then to areasnorth of the StirlingRange such as Ongerup, Jerramungup(33055'S, 118058' E) and the FitzgeraldRiver. Map 4.

The distributionof this speciesin the wheatbelthas most certainly been reduced through land clearing;the lack of collectionsin theseareas may be largelyattdbuted to this factor.

Specimensexamined. WESTERN AUSTRALIA: Hyden, 8 Sept. 1966,M. Barrow 80 (PERTH,KP); NW Plantagenet,June l90l,E. hitzel346 (PERTH,NSW): Avon Locations 19769,SE of Corrigin(32031'S, 117056'E), 7 April 1971,A.5.George 14433 (PERTH, CANB); sandplarnSof Pootenup(between Tambellup and Cranbrook),I I Sept.1947, N.T. Burbidge 2460 (BRI);Cranbrook, May 1901,F.L.E. Diels & E. Pritzel s.n. (PERTH); l0 milesE of Ongerup,22April 1962,A.5.George 3684 (PERTH); l4 milesE of Ongerup,2gApril 1962, K.R. Newbeys.n. (PERTH); Jerramungup, 26 Aug. 1964,F. LutlJitzL3644(KP); N of Stirling Range,March 1952,W.A. Atkins 97 (PERTH);Salt River Road,N of Stirlings,near Camel Lake,7 May 1979,G.J. Keighery 2296 (PERTH, KP); SaltRiver Road, 5 milesfrom Chesrer Pass,Stirlings, 3 April 1964,A.R. Fairall 1430IPERTH,KP); 3 milesE of Atbany Highway along road W from Woodanilling 27 April 1969,A.S. George 9307 (PERTH); W of Ravensthorye,May ),964,A. Kessell86 (PERTH); FitzgeraldRiver, 5 May 1964,C.A. Gardner 147\6 (PERTH).

Total number of specimensexamined. 19.

Comments.This specieshas beenconfused with C. lateralisLindley, C alfnis Turcz., C. crasvs (Benth.)T.J. Hawkeswoodand C. microcarpusF.Muell.to which C huegeliirs most closelyrelated. For comparisonswith C. huegeliisee comments under the respectivespecies. Schauer(1843) compared the speciesto C. gracilisR. Br. but it is not closelyrelated since C. gracilisis a 5-merousspecies.

Thereis needto examinethe biologyand conservationof this speciessince there are few collectionsand it appearslikely that therehas been significant range reduction due to clearing in the wheatbelt.

7. Calothamnuscrassus (Benth.) T.J. Hawkeswood,stat nov.

Calothamnuslaterals Lindley forma crassusBenth., Fl. Austral. 3:111(1867\: Blackall and Grieve,How to Know WesternAustral. Wildfl. ed.2,3{:152(19801. Type: Swan River,I Drummond.2nd Coll. no. 73. (lecto,here designated:K, n.v.; isolecto:NSW, Figure 8).

Erect,much branched, usually compact but sometimesstraggly, shrub to 1.5m high,often with thick, corky branches;leaf scarsprominent on olderbranches. Young shootsglabrous. Iaaves cro\rtded,at the endsof branches,sessile, slender, terete, glabrous, semi erect to erect, rigid,(5') 7-9 (-10) cm long,0.8-1.2 (-1.5) mm wide,shortly mucronate, pale green; oil glands ptominent.FIoweN in dense,+ cylindricalspikes 3 8 (-9)cmlong on portionsof stemsfrom 'ult{l '.{Jed?d'snojqslS '8uol 'elnJe 'snouEJssul3r?ur:u,rorq ol€d ol u,{{oJq'o8uelo turu €-92 'a^BcuoJ'lEcqd{lo ^\oJJBu s/rtad ulqll\\ pueoptslno mojqelS'apm utu tutu I-1 0 'uollo,\\s8 0'S0'8uol 'o^?cuocfllq8lTs 'alnc? 'plollop 'laeJesaqol xqn :slq3€ql,{{Jot eql ul poppeque 'snojqslS'8uol 'olslnuedLuec wu S'Z-Z AlMoJJeraqnl'xtlDJ UollsJ3^3q se^eol0q1 qclq,|[ '(600t n^SN) poo^\s3{i!?H f I lq}uag) snsso:,snuaDqr4o) Io adtrlolcalosl'8ernili _a .lit| fa:r\i ..,..i ':r " .- .1.:'.'::::- r.:.,r..j -.'.i.i^l.f NuytsiaVol. 6, No. 1 (1987) partially ciliate.Staminal claws equal, (22-) 25'28 (-30)mm long,0.7-1mm wide, glabrous, dark crimsonto dark purple-red,sometimes pale colouredat base;marginal filaments (6-) 1 8 \9); antherslinear oblong to oblong,0.8-l mm long, dark brown to black.Style 20 25 mm long,slender, glabrous, dark crimson to puryle-red,stigma small. Summit of ovarydensely pubescent.Fru# sessile,t depressedglobular, 3'4 ('5)mm wide,3-5 mm long(including calyx lobes),embedded in the swollencorky rhachis;two oppositelobes persistent on top of fruit, the thinner two wearingor breakingaway with age.Fertile seeds few per capsule,pyriform to almostoblong,0.7-l mm long,0.4-0.7mm wide,often truncateat oneend, glabrous; testa paleorange brown. Ovulodes numerots per capsule, linear, linear'clavate or narrow-pyriform, 0.6 1 mm long, thin, glabrous,pale buff-brown. "thick", Derirationof name.From the Latin crassus,meaning probablyreferring to the thick, swollenrhachis in which the fruits are embedded.

Habitat. Grows in sand in heath associations.Flowers October to November.

Distribution.Presently known only from Bluff Knoll in the Stirling RangeNational Park (34'23'S. I18017'E). Thereis an isolatedrecord from the ScottRiver (c.34020' S I18015' E) which appearsto belongto this species.Map 5.

Specimensexamined. WESTERN AUSTRALIA: Stirlings,22 Aug. 1952,N.H. Specks.n. (UWA); Blufi Knoll, lower part on eastside of summit, 12 Nov. 1961,A.S. George3140 (PERTH);south slope of Bluff Knoll, 28 Ocl. 1962,K.R. Newbey633 (PERTH); Bluff Knoll massif.24 Dec. 1919,H.E.M. Dobson79022 (PERTH); Scott River, 17 Jan.1945, R.D. Rovce 84 (PERTH).

Total number of specimensexamined. 7 .

Comments.Nthough thereare very few specimensavailable for assessment,I have felt justified in elevatingthis taxon to specificstatus. Calothamnus Uassrs is closelyrelatedto C. Iateralis Lindley, C huegelliSchater. and C. afjinis Turcz. with which it has beenconfused in the literature and on herbarium labels. Calothamnus c/assrs differs from C. lateralis in being usuallya morecompact, multi-stemmed shrub, with thicker,corky branches.The leavesof C crassi.rare shorter, being mostly 7-9 cm long,while thoseof C lateralisate mostly25'30 cm long.The flowersof C crassasare arrangedin dense,cylindrical spikes, while thoseof C. laterulisare anangedin unilateralspikes mostly 7 l0 cm long.The calyx-tubeof C. crassas flowersis narrowly campanulate,and the petalsare prominentlyacute. In C lateralis(and C. huegelii)the calyx-tubeis broadlycampanulate and the petalsobtuse. The staminalclaws of C cfassrshave (6 ) 7'8 (-9)marginal filaments, while thopeof C. lateralkhave 4 or 5 marginal filaments.The fertile seedsof all three speciesare similar but thoseof C crasszsare pale orange-brownwhile thoseof C lateralisand C. huegeliiare grey-brown.In leal morphology, C crassusresembles C. huegeliimore than C. lateralis,but can be easilyrecognized by the differencesoutlined above.In addition, C crassushas been confusedwith C. afJinis,but they can be clearlydistinguished on a few flower and fruit characters.In C crassas,the flowers are arrangedin uninterrupted,cylindrical spikes, while thoseof C aJfnis are arrangedin interrupted,unilateral spikes the flowersare alsoprominently clustered in threes.In C crassas,the floweringspikes are usually on portionsof the stemsfrom which the leaveshave fallen, whrle in C. ffinls they are usually situatedamongst the leaves.In C. uassus the calyx' tubeand fruit areembedded in the prominentlycorky rhachis,while thoseof C. aJfnis are only partially embeddedin the slightly corky rhachis.The fruit of C. alJinisis alsousually larser than tn C. crassus. '9 d?I I s$ccns lIAtrJo q ou Pu? oux poulJuo) 'uolnqqlsl6l JJnlg01 peor ss€d ralseqJ Jo 1s?o IJed I?uolleN33u?U EutTrtls oq1 01 'suo4lpuoc laluotuuoJIAuo pcol uo Eupuadepqcnntr s€ elq se fl?uols?cco pu? JoqolJOol lsn8nv uto4 fllsoru sjo,rold sotllun[xlxocpuqpoo,^a qruqs uI puESJo ltossllllol?l ^[e^eJAUl sttroJDlD]lqoH

's1u{ln po}PlJl^ôulu€zclnJ sJlJods qJtq,t 01 oJnslou lue I 3 'aaDu ',.o1ur{?,, ',,o1poqte,, '..3uunoqq8leu,, Suneew\tu$o ut1e1eq1ruoJC Jo uolo\lDQ 'tusoJc'snolq?[8 '8uol uru] 'utql 'snojetunu 'ruJoJI d ^\oJJBUto oleABIsJeoull ol J?eull sapoflÔ unAolq''{3J8 8 0'9 0 'apsdet ;srio:q"e1a'q1"oours elsal '3uol tutu 'uuoJl d-naoJJ?u lad a.eJqp,as aryai 6 0 / 0 'pou3{olql ?72 ua4o',tp 'urqi o[1 Sululeuelaql ,{ltuoulruordsoqol ellsoddo ql ^ .in^" but:ee^ '8uol o,|,r1'pexegur 'luosold ^llelllul saqol:slq3?ql eql uI paslauul aszqaql .{Iuo rutu t-Z 'lelnqol8 'ollsses 'epr,truru ( 'pop,r\orc,ll3suep pesserdep rrn'g luecsoqnd^lesuop iE 9-19'9 S't) 'lollecs 'snolq?lE'su]8lls ,rizao eurSrrs:es?q18 ueaJS-,Âoll3.{ Sululmoq 01 1o lrruung:piurs '8uol '3uo1qo ':epuels'3uol Illru a1,OS: uu ( s.laqiury'.(6')L \ 9) 8ur:ede1 0€-02 )celq I ) t 0-S'snorqtp0 'ap1,,i4 slueurel;purE:zru :oseq lB uaeJS-,,'\ollofSuIulmaq pel-old:nd utu I-S 0'Euol '1,ranba rlrru (Ogj + sMDIclDu,lutrrs lueuluold ulo^ Ierlua. :su6l€tu olelTlcfllel ?d iz-bz 'utqt 'u,,'lorq 'sno:qe16'8uol 'eêxum'olnce 'snor-iiis 'uiql-qr,u e8ueJo ulur S'Z'Z ^llq8lts 'etarlrx'snoua3s 'ulql ro einlqo 'ft6pdrya8uo1qo qopd sulSreu:o,tl loqlo oql ueql JoSEI 'epua '8uol fpq8rlsieuo otlsoddoo,ttl :ulq]l.ll.pue eplslnosnoJq?18 luur 3'0-9 0 luu S I I 'a^€cuoc'esnlqo ol alnce 'ptollap'].eJa saqotxqn istqceqrf,{:oc ^llqBITS3qr ut pesJolrltul 'snorq?IS'3uol urur 'otBlnuedurm^p?o Jqlro\s aqryx|lDJ so^sollsauoue sruals ,41?d Z E l 'peldnjJelul re8uno,{go iuorgod uo ,{llsnsnEuol tuc (t-) 9 t fZ) solldsplolellun uI po8uBll€ xpsoui) go s:o1sn1clueutuo:d poqs uI slar{o1J'pololl€.s Îuopu?r pue luauluoJd 19 7-7 'opuorcnul 'sno:qu[8'epllt '8uol ilurila po'esnr{oseurleruos fluoqs [[l?nsn ulur I'1 0 ulc (6-) 'prsu 'olorel'repuols 'allsses 'paloflecs pept*on satnaT 8'-9('S ;) ltaro ol lJoreIues Jo \e?e lno:{ep Sururooeq)osolld ro snoJqe[8slooqs Suno1 qBH ruq 9 l oi qnrqs snorqelS !1i,r 'pauruols'Il1nu 'pltu '8ulpeelds 'lcoJg ,tliensn'peqcue:q-qcnul :o 'aputs Jo pedruoJ

'(^ '{d 'sumld 'dn8unrJe^\ u :oloq),,qlltus uouro( Y V .{pu?s ol {oolquBrJ,, :ad,g '(0961) 'z 'p3 'oêuc z EI lJpll1( Ier$nv urolso^\,^.oux 01 ,/r\oH ry [?{cBlg :\tz6l) z6:z'rrd ,1e11 :1 1ne51ucelods o{soJ l?l)l ulse^'ulrIIoC snarrwoluBuolset xug[o snuwnqloloS 'unp4eûr '(0961) 'z.pe uauou zsl:yE 'llplr/A le:lsnv urotsaiArrou) ot ,,!a.oH'3ôtJD? Il?)tcelgsalal ret\srutlft snuulqlolo) '(6 'ueos ') 'puowaruO ornBIC qdPrEoloqd :oloq)Z8l ou lloJ qls 'I 'l?rlsnv "tltu:g :adq'(Lgg r/l:€ ld saDi te^ llrnl^trd sndnsonla snuwDqlolD) '(ueos 'r!\) 'puoawruQ '\0861\ qd€$olortd :oloq)Z8l ou IIoJ \19 I :adtJ ZSI:Yt 'Zpe 'eôu9 UplrlA lerlsny urolsel\ ,Âou)ot ,{\oH T II?Icelg :(0861)t I'ZI:l t ld l?rlsnv 'poo^\so1,r\BH:(t961) uralsold,^[ou) ol,raoH 90€ lJpllllA lerlsnY 1le{celg:(tZ6Il'llenlÎ.g Z6:Z'rrrd "tBI rJ'{neN ucalodsolseJ ulso^'uruoc:(tr8l)t8l:8 u8?rC :(ZS8l) tr I€rX ' 9yg:618:noqsratre4 lures IcS du{'petv qlBtr{s^qd lJ IIng zrrnl slugJBsnuul?qlols] 8

'gt6[ ocurspolcollm ueoqsEq ou ocursu,roulun sr P3l? JeAr{ leuol?rx 'pelnss? llocs eql ur snlelslueserd sll l?erql puors€ocou€ oq ,{?u saJrJqSnoqlle suroos{J€d I€uoqBNaBU?U SullJnS eql ur I?AIAJnSsll sonodspozlT8col pua ol8J ? sI.sr?ssrlJJ q8noqlv snuuroqlolo) poo.rsal,rBH f I 90 NuytsiaVol. 6, No. I (1987)

. .,{. rq:- Figure 9. Synlypesof Cdlathamnutmicrccarpus F. Mucll. var. teresBenth. (KJ Specimensexamined. WESTERN AUSTRALIA: Stirlings,22 Aug. 1952,N.H. Specks.n. (UWA); Stirling Range,5 Aug. 1968,G. Byrne s.n. (UWA); ChesterPass'Stirling Range, \l Oct.1911, Anon (UWA);Stirling Range Drive, l5 km E of RedGum Pass,5 Oct. 1976, B.G. Briggs6648 (PERTH, NSW); Bluff Knoll, 16 Au'g.1964, F. LullftzL338l (KP);3 miles ') 'J1lptanq, SuIlJIlSoqt ur e?d/, onnu pu.snsson sarcadspeleler aqt Utr^ J;fdtJ:d f,eu11 uut{lo , Jouorte^Jesuoc pue fSoloce eqt ^pnls 01 s}druall? ou uogqe^?q aJaqJ eser{ruaeûeqsa3u",.r'',u.o,nlfffiR#':$#i':i.ir:l'1lifffj"1il.ffi,Tj::33:$; qorq,{\poo^\so{^\BH f'I ( qlueS) snssDn J oi pol?loj ,{lesolcoqe st stug[{osnuutoqlolo3 '/ d€I,{ aBUBUEurtrns oqt Jo quou uorlnqutslpJopl,r ? oêqol srBadd?sndmot a J q8noqtl?{led leuorlBNsEueu aullJrls 'l€ctluopr .(6J eql uI,{fieculedui^sJncco ,{eqJ oJ?sercods o,r1 eql sJoloeJ?q3laqlo IIe uI , ro S t€) sluoluelrJIeur8J?lu qlr,{\ snaelcleurur?ls pu?'apt,{r utru S Z,S I saâol}eU sassessod sorcodsrellel aql lnq [enIN' gsnd]oJo.trut J ol peleloJ,{losolc oqe s srt4p snuraagop)

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'fiJUAd 'u's uostr.tow !206t '{oorJ '9961 '{r?d t/ 'p?odlco E slloJ:(HJUAd) 9 #DtdSy g r?l\ IBuort?NoBu?U SurTJtS ss?drolsoqJ uo ,{rlunosIIIo^?JB :(HJUgdl notas 'v r?t{ 'Ired o8ue{ Surrrls 'peou 'puel 9I n'9961 '8(,61l?uorleN'tco 'eAu?U ro^rdtles dpu€suo :(HIUg,d.) (Z) Strc buptDD vJ g 3uI4S '{?eds,uellg'qlqlooJ ^uols:(HJdgdl u's g '{?sd IIDlrDtg ll n.raupro) VJ'8Z6l'sse3cns lro'eAuEX Surtrris s.uellgJo lool :(HJUAd)BBS taqKaN A X'Z96l tro 8Z lI trJo N 'poo,rsolMeH I6 snuutDqlolo) f I 92 NuytsiaVol.6, No. I (1987) 9. Calothamnusmicrocarpus F. Muell.,Fragm.3:ll3 (1862); B€nth., Fl. Austral.3:l17(1867); Blackall,How to Know WesternAustral. Wildfl. 306 (1954)tBeard, Descr. Cat. Western " Austral.Pl. 72 (1967).Type: Ad fltnen KalganAustraliae occidentalis. Aug. Oldfield"(n.v.)

Erect, compactor spreading,rigid, single or multi-stemmed,much-branched, usually glabrousshrub to 1.5 m high. Young shootsdensely appressed pilose, becoming glabrous wilh age.Leaves sessile, linear, thick, flat, rigid, semierect to erect,(4 ) 5 9 (-10)cm long, 1.5'2.5mm wide,glabrous, shortly mucronateor sometimesobtuse, twice channelled above andbelow, tapering slightly at base,dark green; oil glandsprominent and randomly distributed. F/owersin short,prominent clusten of 2 3 (mostly3) arranged in interupted,unilateral spikes (3 ) 4-6f7) cm long,usually on portionsof youngerstems amongst leaves. Calyxlube short, broadlycampanulate, L5 2.5mm long,glabrous, rhachis prominently dilated at baseof calyx tube;cnlyx-lobes erect, deltoid, acute to obtuse,I 1.5mm long,0.6'0.8 m wide,g.labrous outside and within; marginsthin, scarious,ciliate. Perals oblong elliptical, obtuse or slightly acute, concave,(1.5-) 2-2.5 mm long, glabrous,orange-brown, thin, with thin, scarious,partially ciliatemargins; central vein prominent. Staminal claws t equal,20-25('28) mm 1ong,0.3-0.8 ( l) mm wide, glabrous,dark red, becomingyellow-green towards base; marginal filaments (3 ) 5 or 7 l9), antherslinear-oblong, 0.5 0.7 mm long,dark brown to black.SrI/e 20-30mm long,slender, tapering to stigma,glabrous, dark red, becomingyellow green at base;stigma small.Summit of ovary denselypubescent. Fruir sessile,depressed globular, densely crowded, (2-)3-4 (-5)mm long, 4-6 mm wide, only the baseimmersed in the rhachisilobes initially present,inflexed, two oppositelobes prominently thickened, the remainingtwo thin, dry, usuallywearing away with age;orifice c. 1.5 mm diameter.Fertile seedsfew per capsule, narrow-pyriform,0.7 0.9 mm long,glabrous;testa grey-brown. Ovulodes numerous, thin,linear to linearclavate or narrow pyriform, 0.6-0.8mm long, glabrous,cream. "small", "fruit", Derivationof name.Frcm the Greekmicros, meaning andcarpos, meaning refering to the small capsules.However, its closestrelatives, C. affinis C. schaueri,C. lehmannii, C. planifolius, C. lateralis anrJC. huegelii and C prerssll all possesssimilar fruits which are the smallesttype in the genus.

Habitat.Grows inlateritic clay soil in Erlcalyplusscrub or sandysoil in malleeheaths. Flowers mostlyfrom Septemberto November.

Disttibution.Cranbrook area (c. 34020'S, I17035'E) and the StirlingRange National Park to an areabetween Napier and Mt Many Peaks(c. 34052'S, 118'05'E). Map 7.

This specieshas been poorly collectedbetween the Stirling RangeNational Park and the Napier-MtMany Peaksarea. This may bedue to lackof collecting,but morelikely is a result of land clearing.

Specimensexamined. WESTERN AUSTRALIA: 15 milesE of Cranbrook,26 Sept.1965, K.R. Newbey1870 (PERTH); Albany Highway, Cranbrook turnoff, ll Nov. 1961,,4.^S. George3090 (PERTH); near Cranbrook, l0 Nov. 1927,C.T. White s.n. (PERTH);Stirling Range,9Oct. 1902,A. Monison s.n.(2) (PERTH); Stirling Range, l0Nov.1921,C.T. White 5439(BRI)I Red Gum Pass,9 Oct. 1902,A. Morrisons.n. (PERTH)I E from Solomon'sWell, 28 Sept.1902,,4. Morrison s.n. (2) (PERTH); Peak Donnelly, Ocr. 1956, C.A. Gardners.n. (PERTH);Stirling Range, Sept. 1921,E.H. Pelloe s.n. (PERTH); Stirling Range,Oct. 1951, A.M. Baird s.n. (UwA); StirlingRange, Oct. 1930,E ,4sftbyNSW 144001(NSW); Stirling Ranges,Oct. 1901,E Prlael NSW 144002(NSW); Mt Hamilla,Stirling Range, on Hancock property,9 milesalong Salt River road from Cranbrook,9 Oct. 1968,E.M. CanningCBG 031863 (NSW); BetweenNapier and Mt Many Peaks,5 Oct. 1961,A.R. Fairall 2245 (PERTH);Stirling Range,9 Oct. 1902,A. Morison s.n. (2) (PERTH). -,rorrBu'opr,ruru ruru(l-) led,{u€urol x|e!spaas aluDl'lnJJ r'0 9 0'8uol 8 0-9 0'olnsder'Jouuqt 'lues3Jd ur luelsrsroduauo,sal&S o8e qlr,$ Ê,rBSurJBo,r ue o soqololsoddo o,rl ^[?rllul saqol:êr8{l?p'popluu^\ seurlourosro r{loous'opriau[II (SJt-€'(soqol Sulpnlcul) 'Euol 'l?OupurJ,{r 'pep,rorr ruur (S') (-[) lsouF 01 lecruor-et?cunrt ^lesuop'elrssos 'tuecseqndt-S'€ 'll8rxs 'snorq?lt'tuol 'repuals r?./dr ,4losuop,&ro lruruns ?ru8rls ruur '8uolJo 'Euolqo 0Z'S af$ ro u,r{orq urur snquD'.stuear!.q Jo I qll,r 'apl,r \Jelq {rep 6 0-r'0 I?ur8JsurZ ruru ruru (ZI-) (-/) s,t{elco,Âl re,{{ol :stuouelrJ leur8reu, ro I qtl{{ 8'0 S 0'8uol'8uol 0l-8 'por epl& ruur (l-) ruru (0d 9I-Zl t0l) s,rBlcoal roddn:os?q oql t? olBduouo 8 0-90 'snoJq?JB'Fnboun -lolorôl lelJ?cs{Jep sx'BItlouluois suraJ€ruol?rTrc'epd'uqt qllr u,rolq -e8u?ro'^rad"d 'snorqelS'8uol ruu (Z-) 'aêcuoc'osnlqo,{llq8rts ot otnc€'l?crldllo 9 l-Z I 'esnlqo-al"urunce lsourlaqDpd ot?rrqrxrJfllBrued sul8l?u:aprsurpuB eprslnosnoJq?I3 'plollop'6uol 'snorqBlS'3uol urur saqotxqr, :as?qlE al"lp ^llq8llssrqrBqr ruru 'otelnu?du?c8 0-9'0'IBnbe 'troqs ,{lpeoJq aqru xtloJ'seqru?rq aql pue eql t? sa^m[ls8uorue Z-g l tl) 'osuep '}uo8undJo 'owutrunc? ,{[pnsn'8uolruo 9 g sa{rdsI?Jupult^c uI s.raMo1d, ^llq8rts ,{luoqs 'osolrd 'snornel8 'epr,r 'Euol ^llq8lls ro snorq€lE ol uoer8oled uur I-r'0 u]r (t I-) 0l-, (-9) 'oloJol'ropuols 'olrssas 'sFoq,!\ asool ur pe8u?re ro paJellsJssa^ra7 asolrduauo stooqsSuno^ 'sruols 's1e4so:d 'luoqurnrop',rAoT urql qlr.Âq8rq u € 0 01 qnJqssnorq?lE ,{llsoru uouo '(poôrlsap 'g 'srsuoulloro8 0d,41 :oloq) rqrec lq llpop ,,9t81 'ozun)IDxq euruou onbsqeerpu?lloH ?ôN 9,, :adtJ L|SI) 8S :02 Bo?uur-I snuaDqlop) '(C'I :pot?u8r$pareq'opeD (602 oN'ssrard qraH),,issrord Ir'tr8ol 0t8l B uquaôN uopJo0 unr^nu sn oe^lrsosoJleL8 olos ul:rlE]uoprJco-rleuoprJoru ?llejlsnv ur 'Z'pe'I]plrld 'oêuC lEllqEH,,:adKJ(0861) ulolsotv\,{\ou) ot ,r\oH 0SI:v€ '.pooiasal.&BH ]er]snv 'l?rlsny ry Il?{cqfl :(0861) :(/961) Id uratsal[ ]?J csac'preeg tI'8:II Id l?rlsnv Z,'ll?Irqg 'rud-leN :(tS6t) 909 tlptud terlsny urotsoi[,\{oux ot ,roH :([Z6l) Z6:Z rJ IneN 'ucolodso)tsoJ ulse^ 'uruo( :(r981) ssrord ' I€rX 'qto1e3 ,fl:€ 'eqa8eglErlsny'ron€qoslCr'qluag:(tt8l)tSI:l ld uqe'I ur raneqcs:(ett l) t e ry erpogneeg F,sslerdsnuuu qlol?J 0l 'uorlsu?^ Er uo lq8rTpoqs ol EaJBsrql uI ue{sueprm eq pFoqs sepnls l?,JrSolmapu? suo4cellm Joq nd eel? oAu?UEurlJrls oql ur SuuJncrosq ,{eu serJodspsleloJ q1r.r uorlezrpuq,{q ',{Soloqdrour yolduroJpue JBoluI ^[?nodso'senadselqBuBA E s sndmon!ru snuruDqlol') 'zcsn1 nu\,{lo 3 pue snlottuold , Jopunuorssncsrp oos slueurxosroqunJ rod ^llerx?pepue ^lFrxeq?pollouueqc-oa} ^llecrlsuolc?r?qc eJ? qcrq,{\ 'reneqcg '[ se^?elt?U aql ^q paqsm8urtsp^lrp?er aq uec lnq rna&anq puBpoo,rso{,r?H ' ? 'siuauao)I fqtuog) snssrrr , uqa'I myoluo1d 2 ol pot?lerflesolc lsorusr sarredssrqJ 'g pdurwDb sDwtJddsJb Dqanu plof 'fiJuad) 't961 p1 uostaSoy ItO's8urlrrls pu? sdnro8uoroduoo.rtoq :(Vrl\ (Zl 'us pllDg 'W ,+1 1cO'sdnro8uorodpu? ro^r{ ueEle) uoo,rioqureld 8ur{oo!oô ,{?^\Dl?orq V'196t '03ued Jo dor (Hldgd) us Dup.tDt V J'V961 1cO8 SurtrrrS:HJdgd) VL08nKo[ 't961 'peox 'pamwoxa O'A lco S ssBdrunD pod uo {JBdI?uortEN o8u8d EurTJrlS Jo S suawnads 'lueu?^ e ,{luo oq Jo puq[q ? ]uasaJdeJ,4Bru 'possess? lecol lI ,{Feolcoq 01 luerj€^ sFll JoJluesord l? olq?lreêI€uoleu q8noua}ou sr eJoql 'JeAe,roHapl,r rurug g'l pue Suolruc (8 (g Suuns?ausa^?el ueerS-,{er8 el€d'lroro 'pr8u Z ) t t Z) eJourSurABq ur uroJ l?crdft eql ruoq sJoJJrppu? ?orEoBu?U EurTJrlS eql ur sJncco ',{Jo8ol€o U crJrcodsqnslueJJ?,r,,(eu qcrq,r sercedsslql Jo lu?u€^ ImrSoloqdroruB srereqJ '91 pauruoxasuaw0aos Jo Jaqunu loloJ 'poo^\s3l^\eH e6 snuaoq1olo) I J 94 NuyrsiaVol.6, No. I (1987) pyriformto pyriform,usually truncate, glabrous; testa dark grey-brown.Owrlodes numerous per capsule,0.5-0.8 mm long, linear or linear-cuneate,glabrous, pale yellow.

Derivation of name.Named after Dr JohannAugustus Ludwig Preiss(l8ll 1883),who collectedplants in WesternAustralia during 1839-1841.

Habitat.Grows rnwell-drained gravelly sand or gravefclayin closedheath with Xanthorrhoea reflem, Banksiasphaerocarpa, Calothamnus quadriJidus etc., or in open heathwith Eucalypttts marginata,Banksia, Melaleuca etc.Flowemmostly from July to Octoberand early November.

Distribution.From TutanningReserve, east of Pingelly(c. 32032'S,11'1025'E), to Kojonup (33050'S, 117010'E), Tambellup (34003' S, I17038'E) andCranbrook (34018' S, 117032'E). The mostsoutherly limit of thespecies'range occurs near Albany (34059'S,117'58'E). Map 8.

Specimensexamined. WESTERN AUSTRALIA: TutanningReserve, l7 milesE of Pingelly, l9 Sept.1962, R.D. Royce 7597(PERTH); Tutanning Reserve, 17 milesE of Pingelly,l0 Ocr. 1967,G. Heinsohn4l (PERTH);Yornaning Reserve 18952, c. l9 km E of Yornaning Siding,35 km SE of Pingelly, 12 Sept. 1975,B.G. Muir 489 (4.2\ (21(PERTH); Albany Highway, 144km, 20 July 1967,F. LullJitz 1122(KP); Near HaddletonSprings, between BoyupBrook and Darkan (33038'S, 116034'E), 3 Oct. 1911,A.5.George 11135 (PERTH); 142mile pegAlbany Highway,(near Kojonup), 20 July 1962,F. Lullfitz 648/6212(PERTH); 147mile peg, Albany Highway Kojonup), 9 Aug. 1958,.4.S.George l7 5 (PERTH);Tambellup lmdated\,F. LullJirzs.n. (PERTH); l0 milesNW of Cranbrook,20 Oct. 1963,K.R. Newbey I 162(PERTH); 49 km SW of Kojonupon Franklandroad (Towerlup Road), (34010'S, 116059' E), 3 Oct. 1978,A.S. George15243 (PERTH); Ledge Point Road,(34059'S, I 17058'E) (near Albany),9 Nov. 1974, D.J.E. Whibley517 | (PERTH);Denmark,9 Dec, 1962,A.S. George 4288 (PERTH).

Total number of specimensexamined. 15.

Comments.Thetype of this specieswas collected from nearthe GordonRiver in 1840,west from the presentsite of Cranbrook.However, there appear to be no recentcollections from the Gordon River, although one has been made north west of Cranbrook.Most of the remainingpopulations are now confinedto roadverges, particularly in the southernpart of the speciesrange. Land clearing for agriculturehas eliminated most of the originaloccurrence of the species.The future of the roadsidepopulations seems tenuous in view of future roadworks, road maintenanceand the invasion of weeds.Only a few plants of C. preissii are known to occur in reserves,i.e. at Tutanning and Yornaning,and a combinationof increasedfire frequencyand droughtappears to be placingthe speciesunder stress in these areas.Recommendations for the consenation of this rare specieshave been provided by lrigh, Boden& Briggs(1984).

It is interestingto note the differencesin the type descriptionsand the redescriptionsof C. preissii regardingthe numberof marginalfilaments (anthers)of the staminalclaws. Schauer (1843)and Schauerin Lehmann(1844) noted that the largeststaminal claws had 5 anthers, while the smallerones had 3 each.On the otherhand, Bentham (1867) stated that the largest staminalclaws had 5-9 marginalfilaments each, while the otherspossessed I or 2. Ktnze (1847),in his descriptionof C. Iaxa (whichundoubtedly is a synonymof C. prerisli despite the destructionof the type specimenduring World War II), statedthat the stamenseach have 7 anthers.In the materialI had availablefor dissectionin 1980,the largerstaminal clawspossessed 5 or 7 anthers(in undamagedmaterial) and the lowerones 1 or 2. It therefore appearsthat Benthamwas the most accuratein regardsto the descriptionof thesefloral structures.Following Schauer's early diagnosis, I erroneously stated (Hawkeswood 1980) that '(C'I) r.nerlcs /rd{doraaqrs snuwo\lolDJ Jo ad,{lo}ca'I0l ern?ri

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'(01 em8rC'CJ :Polsr8lsaporoq 'olcol) 'laue8Elueld (l0Z oN sslordqreH) ,,isslerd lc ll8eluejoJqonlJ 0t8l € ru llquessc rtoulsrp 'fueqlv unpplddo edord uraqtulld pe eeÎs,saann4 osouoJ?osoJ:nlqns 'ltt8l) .Jalul ' olosur :rT?lueplsoo-ollsn??IpuelloH eôN ul l?llqeH,,:adtJ ?EI :l sslord Id uqo'l '?tla3eu'len€qJs ur rensqrs :(€t8l) st qlolBJ T sqloJneog DllKqdouaoqrssnuwoqplDJ '(C'I :Poleu8lsaPoreq 'olce ',,sslald 'I -lleuolpuau (Z0Z oN ssrord qroH) I) rlSollooslleluoplcco o?rJ?Jlsnvsnqlluals snquou3lursnqluolSel uI',:adq (0861)ESI:Yt'Z p0 ld lellsnv uralse^\,^{ou) ol ,,'{oH 'oôuC 'poo,|{s0l,t\eH urelse^\ T lle{t?lg:(0861)tt :ll Id l?llsnY :l.L96I)ZL Id IBrlsnV 'leJ 'pr?eg:(tS6l)90t 'llu OsoC UplIlAIsrlsnv urelsol[,^[ou) ol ,^{oH {celg:(/981J 8ll :t 'F.nsnv Id'qrueg:(tf8l) tSI :l ssrordld' ulqol uI reneqcs:(tt8l)Z€ qlol€JT €nroJn?og 'prte8au'JonEq3S "uq3-I :(Zt8l) / qurEH log lloH utos IeC lranBqrssnuursqloleJ I I

'sorcodso,rl sseql ropun uotssncslpoos s,,!^EI3leuluels oql Jo (sleqlue)slueuellJ Jo :equrnueq1 pue qfuol J?alJo uoll€ulquoJ eql ^q poqsm8ullqpeq,4?uI lnq lsnellastluuDulqal popuotu? I pu? uqo'I yanDqJSJ ol pel€loJ,{lasolc $ //s,valdsnuuDqlol')'/ lo S ol oq plnoqssql :sluotu?llJl?ul8l?tu S ol t peq l[sqtd , ]o s,,t\BI3lBuluels loddn o,^(leql 'poo,^\selAeH'I snuuD4Ialo) J 96 NuylsiaVol. 6, No. I (1987) Low, often prostrate,spreading shrub to 30 cm high,with thin stems.Young shootsusually glabrousbut sometimespilose. leaves, scatteredor arrangedin loosewhorls, sessile, Iinear, tereteor slightlyflattened, (10-) 12-20 ('25) cm long,0.6-l mm wide,pale green, glabrous or slightly pilose,finely acuminate,not pungent.Flowers in densecylindrical spikes 2-3.5 cm long,usually on portionsof stemswithout leaves.Calyx'tube short.broadly campanulate, 1.5-2mm long,glabrous, rhachis slightly dilate at base;calyx lobesequal, deltoid, acuminate obtuse,0.5-0.8 mm long,0.5 0.8 mm wide,slightly concave, erect or slightlyspreading, glabrous outsideand inside,margins slightly fimbriate. Petals almost elliptical, concave, acute, I 1.5 t2) mm long, glabrous,papery, pale brown with thin, pale,ciliate margins. Staminal claws equal,(4 ) 5 6 mm long,0.3'0.5 mm wide,glabrous, deep red brown; marginal filaments 2 4; anthersoblong elliptical, 0.6-0.7 mm long,dark brown.Sry/e slender, 5-8 mm long,glabrous; stigmasmall. Summit ol orary denselypubescent. Fr,lt sessile,densely crowded, truncate conicalto almostcylindrical, {2.5-) 3-4 mm diameterat base,(2.5') 3 4 mm Iong(including calyxlobes), smooth or sometimeswrinkled, dark grey;calyx'lobes initially persistentithinner two oppositelobes wearing with age.Sry/es often persistentin fruit. Fertileseeds lew to many percapsule, narrow-pyriform to pyriform,0.6'0.8 mm long,0.5-0.7mm wide,usually truncate at oneend, glabrous, testa dark grey brown. Ovulodes numerous per capsule, linear or linear- cuneate,0.5 0.8 mm long,glabrous, pale yellow.

Derivationof name.Named after J.C. Schauer(1813-1848), who publishedon Myrtaceae (Beaufortiaand Calothamnus) ftom WesternA ustraliaduring 18431845 and who provided the first comprehensivetreatment of the genusCalothamnus.

Habitat. Growsin sandover literite in the Albany areaand in sandon edgesof swamps nearMt Barkerand nearthe StirlingRange. Flowers mostly from Octoberto December.

Distribution.From ChesterPass in the StirlingRange (34022' S, I18008'E) to Mt Barker (34'37'S, 117038'E) and areasin the vicinityof Albany (35002'S, I17053'E). Map 9.

Specimenseramined. WESTERN AUSTRALIA: 3 km S of Mt Barker,20 Oct. 1914.K.F. Kenneally2315 (PERTH); 3 km S of Mt Barker,25 Oct. 1911,K.F. Kenneally6416 (PERTH), 4 miles(6.4 km) S of Mt Barker,I I Dec.1973, K.F. Kenneallt1223 (PERTH); 4.1 miles S from ChesterPass Road, l4 Sept.1966, E.M. Bennett1019 (PERTH); Chester Pass, 10 Oc1.1962,A.R. Fairall556IPERTH,KP); l0 milesN of Albany,29Aug. 1966. K.R. Newbey 2503(PERTH); Albany Denmark road, April 1943,C.A. Gardner s.n. (PERTH); Denmark, 9 Dec. 1962,A.S. George4288 (PERTH);King GeorgeSound, {undated), W. Baxter s.n. (PERTH);Gull RockRoad, E of Albany,22Oct. l9'75,A.S. George14187 (PERTH); 2.5 milesWofNarrikup, junction of HayandLakeBarns Roads, l0Sept. 197l, K.F. Kenneally 1U255A&B(UWA).

Total number of specimensexamined. 13.

Comments.The typeol C. schaueriand ol its synonymC. schoenophyllawere both collected from King GeorgeSound (Albany) by (J.A.)Ludwig Preiss in 1840.Later collectors have not significantlyextended the rangeof thisspecies. It isapparently rare and localized, occurring in small populations.Most of the recordsare from road verges,with the remainderfrom pivate property.Land clearing for agriculturalpurposes has eliminated much of the original habitatof this speciesbetween Albany and the StirlingRange. There is only onerecord from the StirlingRange National Park,but the presentstatus of C. schauetiat this locality is not known. Recommendationsfor the conservationof this rare, distinctivespecies have been providedby Leigh,Boden & Briggs(1984). 'sSuuds /t un0 pou :(HIUAd) S}II taq]i.aNy)'t961 lco 0Z'dnlloqueJJo S selluZ :(HJdAd) usuroqllrlJ tW'656t 8nV'8ufle,|{ogJo S ssllulI:(i[SN) t00tiI /r\SN?aztld i 1oe t ra"s 1"tlr$c reuoaetueld,4I\ N :VI'IVursnY Nuarsa,t paulwoxasualunads '01 's 'S dBI,{ (a t ,0g0tt)oSued SurTrrrs oql 01(g ,€tol.lI ,zZot€)uapreluoJ ol (g 'S ,0€,1.t '(g 'S ,00ol.ll ,8Z0iEc) puelluerd ,Ztljgll ,Ztot€ c) Sulllo,{\ogreau uord uounqvlsl1 'raqol30 ol lsn8nv sJo,rolC spuelqlesqaelle.lJl Dlsluog sntdllrJrA uodour olualel uo IIos,{pues u s,^,\.oJDlDllqDH '(lon?qrs 'sry1olr8uo1 4laBanq2 Jo Luûou,{se Suroqtsel aqt 3 puu ') 'sry1oluo1d 'zrt\) uanDqJS 3 snuwDqlop) lo selsodsoolql pequcsapoq,^^ lslu?loq uEuloD e '\09gl'26 Ll uu?uqo'I rensuqJ SrooDuu€qof Jo lnouoqur peweN'aw'uJo uotlDtuaQ ',rolla,{ ol?d 'snorqElS'Suolqo ol Suolqo 'u^\olq -lBaurl'8uolurul c'snojeunu saporyto polluu,^..,{loulJ olelocoqoelse} :snojqel8 I '3pl|{ '8uol 'turoJu,{d 'puo euo atecunrt ,{llensn uru lutu (l-) 9 ,^{oll?uol tB / 0-9 0 8 0 0 'e proôqo,roJjeu 'elnsdetJed h\2J spaas allua! WIJJuI luelslsJeduouo sel,{ls (luo! o,^{l 'peP,t\olJ souqeruos)luelslsJed ,{llensn seqolx,{le3'snolq€I8'8uol tutu Z 3'opr,^\ulul I S Z 'ollsses ,{losuop'ftlnqol8 psssaJdep+ t/nu luocseqnd,{losuep,&r,1o Jo lruruns lFtus 'Buued?l '8uol 'Suolqo Eru8rls:8uol ruu \p!41 afls 01 u,{\orq uru 9 0 c 0l-Z )celq '8uollr€p s/aryJi.i,:sluoul8lrJ Jo t{lrÂ'apl^,\luLU € 0'2 0 tuur 9-9 2 s,^d.Blcla,\\ol o,^ll IzurBJeuIZ 'epl^^.I '3uo1 :sluou?l{ lo t{lt,/r\ tuurg c uru (Z -) s,,r{?13reddn o,^^l :per eldlnd I?ulSreulS t 6 I 8'9 '.ftoded deap'sno:qe13 'lmbeun sMDp sul8lBruol€tllt qll^( u^\olq 01u,tolq 33u?lo lDutwols 'snou?3s 'snorq?I8'3uol ultu 'oÊcuoo,{ltq8lls 'esnlqo 'eleôqo s/rlad el?lllc sulSleu Z I 'a.tecuoc 'plollop'8uol :oprsupue eprslnosnolq?I3 'tcota IUqBIls'esnlqo^llq8lTs Jo aln3e 'l?nbe 'srtolqelS'8uol 'o]?lnu€duet 'uotls uru I -g 0 saqotxtlDJ'uaeJ1 ulul S I [ lsolxlB rgl?] x,{1rJ sro.^\ouq}Eeuoq olslp .{ltueututold,{llensn srqcPqJ' saqcu?Jq Jo spueaqt l? soêel '8uol '(lsJelEllun ls8uoru?,{ll?nsn uc (/J t'Z + soruuotuos)so{lds I?3upull,{, osuap uI s/2Mo1C 'luou[roJd '8up?alds 'luo8und ueuospuEIS IIo :ueeJ8elsd ,{llq8llsJo ]ceJo lou lnq oleuoJ3nu 'tue3saqnd 'e10l0l ,4luoqs ,4loulJsarulleruos ro snolq8lS'ept,l[tuu I-S 0'8uol tuc (S[ ) g Z I 'ropuals'olrssos 'pap,^[oJc ,4losuop lo peJellecs'sr,1rr7 esolld,{llensn slooqs Suno^ stuolsulql 'peqcu?lq-,^{eJ'elsrsold 'luaquncop'.^ô'l q1r.n'q8rqruc A7 ol qnrqssnorqelS ,{llsotu uouo '(ZI ernSrg') :oslluoos qdPl8otoqd'lA) :oloq) (lloJ plt) u runlc ?rpuelloHBôN,, :adKr. \6n8 ez :zz nmsor{ *]fi ,,6S "' :::I.Jil;:,,:::,::;:: : ":::# 1,,K:

'(ll orn8rC'C'I :peteu8rsaparoq'otcal) (glz oN ssrerdqreH) ,,issrord lrtl8al'0f81 ? ur ollenlqeC'I.toIunlnplddo peIII rlSloeD sr8aI nurs € oJourlrur 'srleluoplcco-Il?tlolpllstxeell?llsnV snqllouelul snqluo6eJ ull,:adq '(0861) ISI:v€'Zpe UpIIA\l?rlsnv ur01s0l[,^Aou) ol ,^{oH'e^orrDryIIelrEIg:(086I)SI:lI 'Id 'poo.rsaI,r?H 'preofl lerlsnv l\1961)zL ld lBrrsnv urelsol[ leJ rcsec :(t96T)90t 'lJplri[ 'll€l3el8 '.(EZ6\J leJlsnv ure]selA,rou)I ot ,'!\oH 6:Z llld lshtr lJ lnBN usolods 3)s3J ulso^'uruloc:(r981)8:t Ic'tllu3g:(ttSl)t9l:l ssrordId'uqe'I l3r) l?rlsnv'?IloSod 'lanBq3s ur raneqcs:(€i8l) IS qroleJT €IuoJneeg lluuEulqalsnuuBqlolE] Zl 'poo,rsel^\DH snuaDqtolD) I J ys NuyrliaVol. 6. No. I {1987} Sept.1965, F.W. Humphreyss.n. (PERTH); 2 milesN of RedGum Pass,Stirling Range, lOSept.1960, BG. BriggsNSW l,+4005(NSW); Stirling Range, 8 Oct. 1964,C A. Gardner F3a0(PERTH): Westein Stirlings,27 Sept. 1963,-E Witth,et 294 \PERTH, KP); 49 km SW ol Kojonupon FranklandRoad (Towerlup Road), (34010'S, Il6'59'E),3 Oct 1978,'1..S. Georse15238 {PERTH); Sof Tenterden,25Sept. 1902,,4. Morrison s.n. (2) (PERTH): south borderol StirlingRange National Park, 8 Oct. 1962,A R. Fairall430 (KP).

Total number of specimensexamined. 12.

Comments.Calothamnus lehmannii is closelyrelated to C. schaueriLehm and C. preissii Schauer.It differsfrom the former speciesin having the staminalclaws unequal (the two upperclaws are largerwith moreanthers than the lowerones). InC schaueri,Ihestamtnal clawsare more or lessequal with 2 4 anthers.In C. preissii,the upperstaminal claws have 5 or ? anthers.while the two lower oneshave I or 2. In C. lehmannii,the upperstaminal clawshave 4 or 5 antherswhile the lower oneshave I or 2. In the field, C. lehmanniican be easilydistinguished from theseother two speciesin havingshorter leaves mostly 1.5-2 5 mm longand shorter staminal claws usually less rhan I cm long.ln theoriginal description ol Schauer(18,131 {and also that ol Schauerin Lehmann,1844), the upperstaminal claws aredescribed as having 7 anthersonly. with theIower ones being sterile (without anthers) This is clearlyerroneous. Likewise, the descriptionof Bentham(1867) is somewhat misleading "one He claimedthat the staminalclaws are natrow, with 5 to 7 filaments,one with 3 to 5, the two othen taperinginto a singlefilament with oneanther". Turczaninow (18'19) in his descriptionof C plumosusnoted the upperstaminalclaws possessed 3 anthers only while the lowerones were reduced to oneanther. It shouldbe noted that the anthersol Calothamnus haveweak connectives and in driedspecimens they breakoff with the slightestdisturbance

,'*.1 ll.,.^n.,"-',* o'

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'Z ro pessassodsouo Jo,,r{ol eql elq,{\ sjoqluBg lo 'Je^o,,t{oqI 'peutru?xo t possassods,,l\elJ I?u[u"ls Joddnoql 0^€I{I lBua}?txeq1 uI sJoqlu? pmnperoAEq lsql oJe,/tsunIx? I qclq,,r,!Jo selcedsoql Jo suollslndod3q ,{€tualeq} qSnoqllB 'sjoqln? .{lJ?oeql ^q pelou (slunoJal?Jft}ceul 3 D sJeq}ueJo sJoqunu,t\ol aql urc1dxe.4eru sq1 'poo^\sa)i.4\?H .nuwDtltolD) t I r

100 NuytsiaVol.6. No. I (1987) "flat", "leaf". Derivation of name. From the Latin planus, meaning andfolium. meaning

Habitat. Growsin gravellyclay soil in malleeheath communities. Near Nyabingthe species growsin clay in malleeMelaleuca scrub. Flowers September to November.

Distribution.From Boyagin Rock Reserve (32030' S, I 16055'E) andPingelly Reserve (3203 1' S,117'25'E) to theKukerin-Tarin Rock area (33006'S 3301I'S, I l8'00'E I l8'13'E) and theNyabing-Pingrup area 133030'S, I18005'E 118035'E)with an isolatedrecord from near Kojonup(33038' S, 117005'E). Map 9.

Specimensexamined WESTERN AUSTRALIA: 1844,Drummond.2nd Coll. No. 58.NSW 144014(NSW); Narrogin, l8 Oct. 1957,W.H. Butler s.n. (PERTH); Tuttaning Reserve, 17 milesEofPingelly, l9Sept. 1962,R.D. Roycel512 (PERTH)t Tarin Rock,29 Oct. 1961, C.A. Gardner13648 (PERTH); l6 milesW of LakeGrace, ll Nov. 1931,W.E. Blackall 1319(3) (PERTH); 20 milesW of LakeGrace, l2 Oct. 1960,,4.SGeorge 1532 (PERTH)I 5 mifesW of Kukerin,29Oct.1962,J.5. Beard 2140 (PERTH, KP)l 4 milesNW of Nyabing, 29 Sept.1963, K.R. Newbey992 (PERTH);15 milesW of Pingrup,14 Sept,1961, R.D Royce6696 (PERTH); Boyagin Rock Reserve,6 Nov. 1969,H. Demarz1845 (KP); I mile SEof Nyabing,l4 Nov. 1969,V. Mann andA.S. George 153 (PERTH)l Nyabing, Oct. 1956, V.F. McDougall 6182(PERTH); 16 miles N of Kojonupon Albany Highway,26 Oct. 1977, J.S.Beard 8197 (PERTH).

Total number oJ specimensexamined. 16.

Comments.Calothamnus planifolius has beenconfused with C. microcarpasF. Muell. in herbaria.Although the leavesof both taxaare flat andsimilar in othermorphological features, the leavesof C microcarpusarc mostly5 9 cm long, 1.5- 2.5 mm wide,with two, prominent longitudinalfurrows both adaxiallyand abaxially.ln C. planifolius,the leavesare mostly 4-5 cm long, 3 5 mm wide and without furrowsi however,the midrib is prominenton the abaxialsurface and in driedspecimens becomes even more so due to shrinkageof tissueeither sideof the central vein. The fruit of C. microcarpusare usuallylarger (4-6mm diameter) than thoseof C planifolius(3 5 mm diameter).The flowersol C. microcarpusare arranged in groupsof 2 4 (mostly3) in interruptedspikes, whereas those of C planifoliusare uowded into moreor lessuninterrupted spikes. Calothamnus microcd4pls occuls in theStirling Range and associatedareas to the south, while C. planifoliushas a more northerlydistribution.

Thereare no publishedstudies on the ecologyof this speciesand land clearingthroughout the wheatbeltnorth of the Stirling Rangehas undoubtedlyreduced its populations.Studies shouldbe undertakento monitor populationsin theseareas as further threatsof fire and more clearingmay lead to its extinction.lts statusin Tuttaning Reserve(east ol Pingelly) and BoyaginRock Reserveshould be examinedin the near future sincefire, droughtand humandisturbance may be threatsto its survivalin theseareas.

14. Calothamnuspallidifolius (Benth.) T.J. Hawkeswood,stat. nov.

Calothamnusplanifollzis Lehm. var.pallidifolius Benth., Fl. Austral. 3:177(1867); Blackall & Grieve,How to Know WesternAustral. Wildfl. ed.2, 3A:l5l (1980).Zype: "J. Drummond n.40,and 2ndColl. n. 72" (lecto,here designated: Drummond 2nd Coll n. 12 (.1844)? K. n.v.;iso: NSW 144015,Fieure 13). 'uoel8 'snocn8lS'snoJqBIS 'snosseuoc 'qtoous '3plnA lo dll ot?urunc8 'lloqs 3 qllna oled '8uot 'elsloe3uelqo'leu 'elsses'soqruerq spuoeql uur (EI-)0l'S 9 t9) luc (/') 9-9 tS t) Jo leplo 0q] lz pe:a ecssa^ra7 snoJqelSslooqs Suno^ ,4lloc ^llq€ls Sulurmequouo souo ;seqrue:q 'peqcu€rq-qtnu otql qt1,o'q8!qlu (l ) ,0-9'0 ol qnrqssnorq€I8 "{l88Brs'lcorg nBll (SIon ,{\SM poo,rsal^\eH f J, fqtuog) snlpllpltlDdsnuwotltot J Jo od,{iolcaloslI I

snuaDqlolo) IOI Poorr\sol^\sH f J 102 NuytsiaVol. 6, No. I 11987) sometimesobtuse, not pungent;veins prominent in dried specimens;oil glandsprominent. F/owersmostly in threes,in dense,unilateral to almostcylindrical, usually uninterupted spikes,(3-) 4-6 (71 cm long, embeddedin the swollen,corky rhachis.Calyxtube shortly campanulate,2-2.5mm long,glabrousi' calyx lobest equal,deltoid, acute to slightlyobtuse, concave,erect,0.8-1.2 (-1.4) mm long,glabrous outside and inside; margins thin, scarious, ciliate.Petals narow'elliptical to elliptical,acute to slightlyobtuse, (1.5 ) 2 2.5( 2.8)mm long, glabrous,orange-brown, papery, with thin, scarious,partially ciliate margins. Staminal claws + equal,(20-) 22-25 ('30) mm long. 0.7-l mm wide,glabrous, dark pink to crimsonin upper half to two{hirds,yellow-green in lowerportion; marginal filaments (5-) 7 l-9):anthers oblong, 0.7-l mm long, dark brown or black.Sry/e 20-35 mm 1ong,slender, stigma small. Summit of ovary denselypubescent. F/rll sessile,t depressedglobular, 4-5 (-6)mm diameter,2-3 mm long, denselycrowded, almost covered by the prominentlydilate and slightly swolien rhachis;two oppositelobes prominently thickened and deflexedover orifice; orifice c. 2 mm diameter.Fefiile seedsfew per capsule,linear-clavate to broadlypyriform, 0.7-0.9 mm long, usuallytruncate at one end, glabrous,testa dark brown. Ovulodesnumerous per capsule, linear to linearclavate, 0.7 I mm long, often obliquelytruncate at one end,glabrous, pale buff'brown.

Ikrivation of name.From the Latin pallidus,meaning"pale",andfolium, meaning"a leaf", referringto the pale greenleaves possessed by this species.

Habitat.In lateriticsoil in openwoodland of Eucalyptusmarginata and E. haematoxylon. FlowersNovember.

Distribution.Presently known only from the WhicherRange (33047'S, I 15031'E) south-west of Busselton.Map 9.

Specimensexamined WESTERN AUSTRALIA: WhicherRoad, Whicher Range, (+ 33047' S, 115031'E),23Nov.1975,,4.S George 14218 (PERTH); Whicher Road, Whicher Range, l5 May 1980,T.J. Hawkeswood 290, 291, 292, 293,294, 295 (PERTH);Whicher Road, Whicher Range,l5 May 1980,T.J. Hawkeswood & D.G. Knowles 1 (PERTH);Hill Road, Whicher Range,15 May 1980,T.J. Hawkswood 296 (PERTH).

Total number of specimensexamined. 10.

Comments.This is a rare species,probably endemic to the Whicher Range.At the time of wdting (1980)the specieswas not representedin any Reserveor NationalPark. The specimens collectedby the author and D.G. Knowlesduring May 1980were growing in sandysoil in disturbedsituations by the roadside.These populations were found to be small(i.e. < 100 plants)at eachlocality. Due to the smallpopulation sizes and exposedhabitats by the roadsides, the plants would appear vulnerableto the effectsof roadwork extensionsand similar "new disturbances.The flora of the Whicher Rangehas been listed by Hussey(1977). The species"of Calothamnuslisted in that report is C pallidifolius.It would seemvital that protectionshould be givento this rareand vulnerable endemic by settingup a National Park in the Whicher Rangeto conservethis and many other rare taxa (Husey 1977).

Calothamnuspallidifollm is closelyrelated Io C. planifoliusLehm. and to a lesserdegree, C. microcarpusF. Muell. It is clearly distinguishedftom C. microcarpasby having oblanceolate,mostly glaucous, somewhat coriaceous, smooth leaves mostly 4-6 cm long and 6.5'10mm wide. In C miuocarpus,the leavesare linear,dark green,mostly 5-9 cm long and 1.5-2.5mm wide, with two distinct furrows adaxiallyand abaxially.It was Bentham (1867)who first noticedthe closerelationship between C. pallidifolius and C. planifolius,but he only recognizedthe former as a varietyof the latter, statingthat pdllidifoliusdiffered rn 'ulql 'peoJq 'fuedEd'u,{\oJq + sMDp surBJ?Lusnou?cs qil,^[ a8uBro01 tgz)'lenbo 'snorqel8IDU\uDIS'eêcuoc '3uoy '?uol u,rorq,roflof urur €-Z ,rEIr uoqs B Surpnl3ur tutu (9 8-) 8-/ 'esntqo'el€ôqo (-S9) ^p?olq s/Dpd Sutpeerds.{pqEqso1 1ce:a'o^Bcum ^pq8lls'elnt? + 'epra ruu '3uol ulu 'protlop,rorr?usoqol rol?tus o,|.\t:pojo-Iruos ot pejo 'oêJuoc E-EZ tZ) S-t t€) 'plorlap fllq8rTs'alnce+ opr,rnrur g-t'8uol uur (9-) {g) ^p?orq'ro8r?lseqol '{3rql 'splsulS-t ollsoddoo,rl:su€reru al?uqruu'uql qtm lnq puEaplslno luocseqnd ,{lssuep '8uol lsnbo lsoul? saqol'r.,qr,:eqnl-x,{l?r Jo eseq 1e pelqp ,{llq8qssrqc?qJ :iuetsoqnd ,{losuop ruur (8') (t) 'at"Inueduec^lpeorq aqru xKlo) 'uel[EIeAEq se^sal eql q3lq,lruorJ lxols ,9 'so) 'osool aql;o suorgoduo ,{llensn ds + ul ro sjolsnlc + osuoput IBcupurT^J leJol€llun 'luo8und poEuerJero paJolt?xs'01I eaMoU lueulruojdspu€l3llo'uool8 {rup ol ueoJ8.{s$ 'el?uorcnu'snoJqelE 'opr,r '8uoJ 'olssos'soqJu?rq uru I S 0 ruo(S tJ SZ-Z 19' il'olorot ropuols Je8unoûo pap,roJcsa,lral' oA?qll^{ snotq€I83u[uoceq'sJ?q cldmsolcltu'osJeds',$oJ ? t{ltnA soqcuBJqSuno^ sjecsJeol luouluord qtl.r ^llensnseqJu€rq rJplo s{unrl oqlJooseqeqlle Surtlrldsueuo pJ?q qtr^\'(ll?r u ol eorl B sotxltotuos)qglq uru 9 l ol qnrqs U?q 'poruurols-qlnuE IIeuIs '8urp?erds 'lcoJg snorqElS.{llsoru 'poqJueJq qrnu ro elSurs lo lcpdruo -(C'1 ransqrs s?.qsadnsnuuDqlol,) lo odtrrot.e'I iJ ern*{

'(t ern8rl 'Cl :pal?u8rsapareq 'otcal) (l oN ssrardqreH) eur l 'oBueU'EurTreC IZ ,,issraJdT lclrSol'6t81 uquroôN urnrluou erolelpe s€urzrenbsodnr retrL,:adtJ (0g61)t9l:Vt'Z pe 'Uplrld urelsoi[,/t\ou)ol ,roH'eâuO '91:lI 'ld 'poo,{\sa{,{\eHl?rlsny 'aqurmerot{T IIE{c?lg:(0861) /l 'aBrooD'uoslcua lerlsnv :(€t6l) urolsel\(\ }uBqcr€t{ 'lJnl ld I?r}sny 'llErIBC T :(0161)8 urld oÎr?N l?rtsnv urolsad! :(1961)Z, ld lerlsnv urelso/(\'leJ 'rcsoc'prpog :(tS6l urotsoi[,rou) ol ,aAoH'll?{rBlg:(t061) '6S ) 90€ uplr/A I?nsnv 906r'l Ael,^l1og'ra1ooH prlsnv IC'qlueg:(tt8t) ssrord [:(198t)6fi:f 'elle8ex 'roneqcs Z9l:l ld'uqa'l ur ron?qcs:ltrg:|, gZ qtol?J T enroJn?eg srrlsadnrsnuur?qtoluJ SI

'6d,(tottol '(sro,^[ou s? srql uosoq, oêq I tnoqll,Âsr (0861)tueserd le,{pnts roJ alqelr€^s snuofip111od l?uol?ru eql) seÊolpue slrnJJ'sJa,{oJJsessossod uourrcsds oql J Jo Jo,{luofEtu 'l]p) ocurs (SIOt? t ,t[SN) l1[SN qroq ur Z/ u puz puoawrue Jo elP-rrldnpE aoso] alqe uaoq,{luo at,€q1 smlottpnpd j€tt snyo/uo1d, Jo sad,{lu^so,û pelrJ (/981) ueqtuog 'uosuIllS01 'pemoloo Iurd {r?p Sureqrepu?ruoJ eql el?dal? s,rEIOl?ulru?ts oql Jo uor od ro,rol oqt fluo peuru?xoe^pq I I€rJoleuoql q ,,,rolle^-qsruael3,{lluoJ?ddB,, ero,r sntolp111nd mtt sru1oluo1d sueuBlseql teqt paletsosF (1981)unLpueg snuottuold, esoqlot ore J Jo 'sJe,rou Jo leJrtuopr snuolpu1od, Jo spoospue strn4 oqJ snlpttuDtd, ur ueql ,{{rm arour,{ll?nsn (srqc?qr)soqcuBrq oqt 3ur^Bqu snuoluo1d ruorJsreJJrp osp sn11o!p111odsnuruoqpp) 'sanads J o,rl eqt seqsm8urlsrp^lalBrpauur sa^?elaql Jo,{8oloqfuoluoql'plerJ oql uI ..,{Jp ueq,rpe^rauruuod ssol Jo oJorrr,, oJo,r qclq,r so^?olesnlqoojour 'Icrql 'snoJqel8'JoBJel Suheq snuuDq|olDJ'poo^\sel,{\eH '[ t0t J NuytsiaVoL' 6, No l (1987)

30'35(.40)mmlong.{2)2.53'5(.4)mmwide,glabrous,pinktodarkpink;marginalfilaments (20 ('35) iiOl'2Z Zo tZZi oithers \near,2-2.5mm long,vellow brown Stvleslender )25-32 [* f""g, gf^rt.ir"i, stigmasmall. Summit of olary denselypubescent Frllt sessile'ovoid' pubescentbut is-ii-rn"mtng tinciudilngthe thickenedcalyxlobes), I l-15mm wide, densely remaining becomingglab,-rous with age;two oppositelobes prominently thickened, reflexed; seeds i*" i"U.i,t in"*, ,ometi;ei wrinkl;d, deflexed,often wearingaway with age.Fertile oneend' ;;;;il;;;;dJ i,tinear, z'z'.smm lons, 0.3'0 6 mm wide, usuallvtruncate at fertile ungulur,gl'uU-ui; tesiachocolate-brown Ovulodes numerous per capsule,similar to seeds.c. 2 mm long,Yellow brown "rock habitat Derivationof name.From the Latin rapes,meaning or cliff', referringto the of thisspecies.

Habital. Grows amongstrocks or in rocky' skeletalgranitic soil in heathor semi-woodland' Dryandra nivea' ;r;;lf "1""g *;"rco"urses with Grevillia pinnatifda. Pe-trophile.biloba' (Darling and iiiiiltii p"&iroto, Hibbertia hvpericoidesand Xanthotrhoea preissll Range) August iw"iit ii oryorai, Metateucaind Casuarina(Boyagin Rock) Flowersmostly from to October.

Distribution.This specieshas a restricteddisfibution, the nolthern limit is in the Red Hill area(on road to Toodyay)north'east of Perth,along the Darling-Scarpto the Gosnellsarea (eastof Perth).A disjunctpopulation occun at BoyaginRock (32"30' S, 116054' E) which is the most eastetnand southernrecord for the species.Map l1

Selectetispecimens examinecl. WESTERN AUSTRALIA: O'BrienRoad, off 2f m O{o-o{11l Road,"on graniterocks in gravellysand", l4 Sept.1964, R.A. Saffrey129 (2) (PERIII); O'Brien Ro-ad,t 3 miles N of Toodyay Road, I Oct. 1963,,4S. George5921 IP-ERTH); towardstop oi n"o Hilt, ToodyayRd., l6 Aug. 1961'A.S George2660 (2) (PERTH); c' 16 km from Albany Hiihway iurnoff on BrooktonRoad' 3 Dec. 1968'H' DemarzD833 (PERTH,KP); near'Canning Dam, l6Nov. 1977,R.Tlneffl s.n (UWA);Red Hillon Toodvav iA., at f,artingScarp, 5 Sept.1969, K.R Newbev2971 \PERTH); Gosnells, I Sept l957 (l),2 Dec.l95t (3),i oct. 1958(2), McLachlan s.n. (PERTH); Pages Wav, Gosnells, 1 Sept' isis, n.f Cranfeld 52lC \2)(PERTH); Pages Wav, Gosnells, 20 June1919, T J Hawkswood & R.J. Cranjl;ld I (PERTH); PagesWav, Gosnells,Darling-!.1nge, 4 Aug- l2AI! (PERTH); Hawkeswood82 \3) (PERTH);Banington Quarrv, 1l Sept.1979,HDemarzDl4ll BoyaginRock (32030'S, 'M.E.I16054'E),21 Ocr. 1972, E. l|/ittwerW.81'l (PERTH' KP); Bovagin noiti zs July 1976, Trudgen1690 (PERTH); Bovagin Rock, I Mav 1980,Zl Hawkeswoods.n. (PERTH).

Total numberof specimensexamined.26.

Comments.This is a rare but distinctivespecies related closely only to C graniticusT J Hawkeswood(see comments under this species). "Mouse'ears" This speciesis commonlycalled becausethe fruiting capsulesbear thickened calyx-lobes(Figures 15, 16),of which the two thinner oppositeones are curledbackwards and resemblethe earsof a mouse.The fruit is usuallycovered in short, dense,silver hairs addingto thisappearance (Figures 15, l6). Sometimesonly onelobe becomes thickened (Figure t6)l this rarely occursin other Calothamnusspecies.

Bentham(1867) related C rupestrisIo C ylllosasR.Br. but thereis no closerelationship becauseC villosusis a 5-merousspecies. Schauer {1843) and Schauer in Lehmann(1844) '(er86 t) poo,rse{,reHoos senedsqns s1t pu? solceds oql Jo uollduJsopaloldruoJ olotx E JoC u,{olq }qBIT :sno:qe1'8'eteeunc '8uol ElsJl 'snolqulS r?aull ol ftaull tuur 9 Z 9 I sapolnÔ ]r.ltolq IlEp 'elecun:l 'aleeunc-l?aull'8uol tutu g (Zspaasary)al poHuu,,d.,illq8lls lo qloorus'aplÂultu '8uol 'ploô '?uoI gt'01 urtu ZZ-SI lsotul€qnq ulur € 9 Z sraqiuo'72'02^llsotlt sluauellJ 'riosruui 'opltt '8uol or ruu S-t tru 0t Z€-sMDlrlDnaus Buoluru L-9 fzua:eur lurd lrep 'ol?ô ,rneice qtr,r,rSuol uru ,9 fllsoru lIpEoJqquad sollds JzlnSs:rtJo sJelsnltuI EZ-Z ;DMOII sJnqolrq,{\uoqs qlld. poqlolclo snolqBlS'lu38und'eleuolsnul^luoqs'opl,,i4 tulu :3uo1ruc 'elolel 'rtr8lnI:ul g'1 1 8-t ,{llsou sa^Da1 Z ol qnlqspetlttuots-lllntu lo ol8uls'13eJA '(HJUAd '1(SN 'IAI I 'eerc 'gNyJ :osr:HJugd:oloq)01I pooMsal MoH tz olsrlErnl€NJdEJ'qreog 'poo,tlso{,lt€Ht J'6161eunf't on1ie6 aplrj :adiJ lVB6;1LZ I:S ?IS nN J sntllluurEsnuustllolcJ 9l

'(t861) s88r.rgT uepog 'qBr6'I^q peprôJduoeq e,tuq setceds sJel slql Jo uoll?Ilesuocoql JoJsuollupueuuossu 'oJrJ pue somssoJd osnessq{slJ otuos w 0q,lllls ol poloplsuoceq IEuoll?oJcol'IcoU Jo ilueto oseqttnq ul8?ôgte e^roseleql uI slnrco slu?ld0€ lnoqe Jo uollelndod rsniu '8ulu[u 'luorudoleôp prus y sernssa:dleuotlue:Ce: pue sa:IJ ollxnsqpue SudJJ?nb u?q]n^q peualsejqlsr lr lculsrpqlJed oql uI snuoEsql u solcodslseJeJ €ql flqeqojd st1I ,4lDlaJssll ol inp'u',,roiry 1i,tr lou ,{llsraue8sl lnq suopleaquod uI ul oJ8,{ll€uolsecco sI selsodsoqJ

pup.:qorprurrJrqr'lrsoddoo{r8url\oq. rrnpqrs erlsrdrr inuwoqtor!))," ,,nl, .i:i"l]'fr i;l:ttj l;i:,*:j

'l?uotEu pa8euruppeulu?xa ,{lpolqnopunJoneqss:82-02 ruo4 flq€Joptsuocsou€^ roqunu lEnlceoql lnq'S I uEqlssol peJequtnu su$adw Jo slueulellJleutSfftx eql leql polou poo,{\sal,\{eH s0l snuw,tllop) tl a

Vol. No. I (1987) 106 Nuytsia 6, Distribution. Map 11; seealso Hawkeswood(1984a).

During early 1984Mr W.M. Molyneux of Victoria sent me specimensof C. graniticus ssp.Ieptophyllus (Benth.) T.J. Hawkeswoodthat he had collectedfrom the StirlingRanges This cblectionrepresents a considerable range extension from the Dwellingupand Wellington Dam areasto which I stated(Hawkeswood 1984a) it wasconfined. This disjunctdistribution is somewhatsimilar to that of the relatedspecies C. rupestris(Map l1) The conservation of subspeciesleptophyllus is rather tenuousin the Dwellingupand WellingtonDam ateas due to its smallpopulation sizes (less than 40 plantsat eachsite) and the heavyindustrial developmentin theseareas. However, Mr Molyneux informs me (pers.comm. 1984)that the su6speciesis commonbut locallydistributed in the StirlingRange and its survivalthere seemsassured at leastfor the short term.

The closestrelative of C. graniticusis C. rupestrisSchauer, but the two speciescan be clearlydistinguished in leaf morphologyand pubescenceon the calyx-tube.The leavesof C. priniticus measuremostly 4-8 cm long, whereasthose of C. rupestrisare mostly 2 2.5 cm"long.The calyx-tubeoI C. rupestrisis denselypubescent, while that ol C. graniticusis usuallvelabrous and verrucose.

FiEure16. Close.up of malvef it ol Calothamrrsruper,r.t Schauer, showing one thickenedlobe, (the small one is ihin and will wiar away with age),an unusualfeature of CdlothamnusIr]JlI

17. Calothamnusasper Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. NaturalistesMoscou 22: 25 (1849);Benth., Fl. Austral.3: 180(1867): Beard, Descr. Cat. Western Austral. Pl. 72 (1967);Hawkeswood, Austral.Pl. I l:19 (1980);Blackall & Grieve,How to Know WesternAustral. Wildfl. ed 2, 3,A:154(1980). Type'. Drummond 4th Coll. no. 60 (holo:KW, photographseen, Figure 17; iso:LE, photographseen, Figure 18).

Erect,single-trunked, much branched, tall shrubmostly to 3.5m high,branches often with leaf scars;trunks with thick bark often splittingat the base.Young shootssparsely pilose. leauesdensely crowded at endsof branches,sessile, erect, broadly linear, attenuate towards '\Mt) z.JnL )ads, !;nuaoqrcloJlo ed,ttoloH LI eJntuI

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'soêolsnoJqsss ',.qJnol aql ol SuureJor aql ol q8noj,,Auue)u'Ddso url?l aql aroJJ'aaDuto uollo^lta1l 'u,roJq'puo 'snorqelS'8uol 'oleeunc,Jeauq'snoJournu lsopr,r1? ol€cunJl ruur Z-SI 'snolqBlS'8uol 'eleounc sapolnÔ udorq ot€locoqcBlsal'pue lsepr,{4. le olmunJl rutu Z-g l r"ourT'elnsd?cJod ne! spaasaHDl'peuelrlr{l ^l}ueuruordsoqololrsoddo o,r1 'oso8nJ'êl8 'opr,/r{ '8uol ruru0l-8'3uol ultu ZI 6'prosdrJlaol proô + l/ndlll?tus eru8qs:snoJqel8 ruul '8uol 'Suolqo '.0t 9Z-02aNS u,roJq,rollo,{ ruru I-l rBourlsDLltuD sluaruep;purS.leru 'snorqelS'epl& Z '3uol 'Vnbe LZ :per-poolq ruru(t ) S Z Z uru (0€,)8Z-ZZ sM'lr lDutut ,rS u^\olq 'sur8Jerusnou?Js ulql qll?\r.{Jod?d:snonproop'snolqeF'e^Bcuor'asnlqo'l€crldllle'8uol turn (D et8rTrc^lleru?d 'snorl?os'urql sur8rBu:aprsurpu? oprslnosnoJqelS 'a^Bcuoc 'esnlqo9-SEuad'prollop '8uo[ ,(p?orq turu g + saqotxtloJ:snotqelS 'osocnJJo^ '8uol ru{u 'alBlnu?dru€r Z Z'pnbe (D 9'9 \ il ilpaorq aqnfxKpJ soqcu?lq spuolE soêolls8uolu? ^ll?nsn 'sJolsnlr Jo 'surEJ?u olrssos'tJoqsul (8-)S-€ s.raMoljr lua8und lou lnq ol?urrunce,{llJoqs oql uo 'snorqecs'opr,r '8uol 'as?q ^llercedseosolrd,{lesleds pu€ ,{luoqs ul,u Z-t l ruc (Z-)g'l-Z I (-l) pool\sol,reH LOI snuwotllolDJ tf NuytsiaVol. 6. No. I (19871 lu8 Total number of specimensexamined 6' (1867) his redescriptionol C aspernoted that the specieswas closely Comments.Bentham in "foliage R.Br.but differedin the andin the largefruits". Calothamnus ,rl^tii-tV.-ii"arnai, justify cioselyallied to C. quadriJidus,but ieveral characten the retention ,rr"ilt".ituinfv (especiallvpilose ;? ,;t;. ;'duiui. ip..i.t Calothamnusasper has flat,.pilose Ieaves calvxtube is broadly "ir trr.'."igi"tj, ."tity't.z-t s mm long, 1 4 2 mm wide, the 27 30 marginal ;;;;;;;i;t.. ;;rttv s-o *. long, glabroui,and the staminalclaws have ischocolate iif""i""ir-ifri fr"it ii q t Z mm tong.8l l0 mm wideanrl the testa of thefertile seeds piloseto hirsute tr*n in.otor.. CalothamnusqiadrAdus has blightly flattened.to terete' calyx{ubeis usually Ieaves(sometimes glabrous), mostly I 5-2cm tong,0 8't 5 mm widelthe staminalclaws have "rrr"* ar*pa"rfite, 3-4 mm long, glabrousor shortl) pubesc-ent;the and 7-8 mm wide' rilrtrv iazfi"rctnuifitu..ntr. ihi fruit measuresmostly 7 9 mm long chocolatebrown. ;;;ir.,;" oi ifie fertile seedsvaries in colour from grey to lighr FowlersGully' Kenneally(1977, p. 66)records C- aspertn red soil at Monl'sWetl Gully and from Mortlock o.l-rr. otrrJriu"o, in the wongan Hiils areaC quadrifidusis_recorcled only therein Ciiet in tne Mortiock Reserve(no. 23313)on yillow sand.My own observations and it.seems 1980verified that therewas no overlapin distributionbetween the two species' with pioUuti. tftut no genellow occursbetween them C' asperi:s restricted to closedscrub Well Gully Tiiiiriro ,o*pirtrir, Melaleucarariula ar'd Acacii acuminataat Monks Acacia ligustrina'Casuarina ';;;;;t;it.(K;;.;iiy tili, p. l'81andon the alluvial gullv floor with M. riiula andDotlotraea species (Kenneallv 1911'p 20\' In the Mortlock Flora and Persooniaspectes F(riirc i.' ii"iiiiiirs ir restrictedto shrublandwith lla kea' Acacia (Kenneally1917, P. 16). but differs in Calothamnusasper is alsoclosely related Io C honatoph)'ltusF Muell ' scabrous.and fr""i"e f.u"it .otily 1.2-1.8cm long,1.4'2 cm wide,pilose.on the margins' of branJhes,and the marginalfilaments on the staminalclaws ;;;;it ;;";;;;i ile.nos u il#,;;10. i; c iiiiLpnvm, theleares are mo'tl1 2 &5cm long' l 5 l0 mm ide' glabrous,smooth, conaceous, scattered while the marginalfilaments number 20-25' to be under Calothamnusasper. while protectedin the WonganHills area'wou!d still seem due to tfrr""'iii". ili.t "'ra droughi.The populationsshould be monitored1br any decline theselactors.

(1867); 18. Calothamnuspinifolius F. Muell',Fragm' 3:153 (1862); Benth.. Fl. Austral.3:179: i,i;"ilii i{o; ;"'inow westernAustral wildfl 306(1954); Beard, Descr- c-at western & Grieve'How A.tii"f.'pi. 12 (1967l;Hawkeswood. Austral. Pl l1:16 19{1980);Blackall "ln aridismontium io ir"* W"rt"i" euitrul.WitOtt. "0.2, 3A:1 53 (1980). Tlpe: locissaxosis juxta rivum PhillipsRiver' Maxw." (holo:MEL, Figurel9)' and.lea\es Erect,much-branched, prickly shrub to 2 m high Youngshoots pilose; stemb densely often Uecominggtabrous with age,mature leaves often piloseon lower half leaves pungent' cio*aeO,r.ssi6,it.nder, terete,(1.2 ) 1.82.5 ( 3)cm long,_l-1.4 mm wide,mucronatei (sometimes spike J.'ril;;;;ili;lils-oi'piiose.'Flowers in a short,cylindricat t unilateral) somewhat oi S-z"Ono*"'tt, att"osthidden by densefoliage. Calyx tube t-campanulate,tapering lobesatmost ;i L;,';.";;ii;;tit"ent, +-j mm long,rhachis sliehtlv dilate at base;calvx slightlvconcave' ;;ui,i;;pp;.ii" Iobesslightlv larger th;n other.two..narrow deltoid, acute' narrow obovate, :1,i.: nt- foru, denselypu6escint 6uside, shortly pubescentinside. Pelr/s thin' scarious'often partially ""..r".,-orttr1., Z S-j t:: Si mm long, glabrous,'pipery-with wide'glabrous' ;ili;;;;;gil,;"i; brown staminaliiaws + equal,20'25mm long 1-l 4 mm 'ZI dehtr'(a 'S,0t0t€o) sor? odror{lsua^?U 's,9lotg) ,t0o0Zl -puorxsocllli\ 3qlol (a,92061I dnlenorEou o8u?u uorreg lt{ eqturou uo!fiqu$lcl

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'u,roJq-^\ollof 'pue 01 ,rollaf repl,r tE et?runrl ,{lonbrlqofll8nsn 'reln8u?'snorq?IS '8uol IJ?p'ale^elc-Suolqo 'olnsdec ruruS I-Z I rodsnojounu ot [ueljJ sapolnno 'u,ro.lq-JJnq 'puo 'rqn8uB'snorqElS '8uol elset euolB ol€iurut ^lanbrTqouauo urul S I I 'Suolqo-JeeullIJep'olnsdex Z JedMeJ spaas alutal eB?qll,r fs'' e Suusa,rtnq lln4 8uno,{uo tuoserd 'olnce 'pouo)crql seqolSururBuar o,,r] :luolsrsred soqolollsoddo o.rl:opr,r ruu 0l-/'(soqol pouolclql SurpnlJur)Suol ruu 'J?lnqoFtsoule ol plo^o relrssoslltl./lr 'tuocsoqnd,4losuop ZL '?u8rls '8uol &r,1o Jo llruuns Ileus eu8rls :snoJqelS spre,rot Suusdel'{rqt ruu SZ-tl 4fis lcelq ot u,rorq {r?p'8uol r urt I I'BuoIqosnqtuD:9l-ZI sluourelrJl?ur8l?u:uosuru3 snuu/otllolo) poo,rsol,rPH 601 tf I 110 NuytsiaVol. 6, No. I (1987) Specimensexamined. WESTERN AUSTRALIA: 0.25 miles N of Qualup Hcrnestead,l-3 June1969, H. DemarzDll0g (PERTH,KP); Hill behindQualup Homestead,28 Nov 1960, A.S. George1755 (PERTH); Hill behindElverdton Coppermine, 12Sept. 1952, A S Gmrge 293 (2) (PERTH)iWest Mt Barren,29 Nov l960, '4.S George1800 (PERTH); Fitzgerald Reserve,summit'of Woolberup Range, 4 Aug. 1970,K.M. Allan 341(PERTH); Thumb Peak Range,jl Oct. 1965,,4.^S.George 7158 (PERTH); Middle Mt Baren, south of Ravensthorpe, septl ilzs, C.A. Gardner and-W.E.Btackalt s.n. (PERTH);Middle Mt Barren,Nov 193l, C.7. Corir", and ll.E. Btackatts.n. (PERTH);Whoogarup Range, Hamersley River, 28 Nov. 1931,C.A. Gardner2915 (2) (PERTH); East Mt Barren,Alg. l924,A Johnson850a (PERTH);iootof EastMt Barren,3l Oct.1962,J.S.Beald2194(PERTH,KP);Eof Banens, It Oct.l'SAl, 'a.a. Fairalt 2384(PERTH, KP); EastMt BarrenRange, 23 Sept l22!'CA Gar(lnet188i \PERTH);East Mt Barren,1 1 Oct 1967, YoungY289 (KP);East Mt Banen, 17Nov. 1979,R.l Cranfrcld1324 (PERTH); No TreeHill area,r.rcar Fitzgerald River Reservg 2 Ocr. 1970,B.R. Ma;lin 963 (PERTH);No Tree Hill near Hopetoun,20 Aug. 1964'F' Lulllitz L3534 (PERTH, KP)l Hopetoun Road, off EsperanceRoad, c. 9 miles E-of Raienithorpe,3i Au.g.1968, E.M. Scrvmgeour2410 (PERTH); Ravensthorpe, 4g t2?2' H. Steetima'ni.n. (pE'nfU);2milesSof Kundip,2l Oct 1962'K. Newbev571(PERTH): 25 km S of Ravensthrope,12 Nov. 1974,D.J.E Whiblev5401 (PERTH); 15 milesN of Hopetoun,l3Aug. 195i,NH. Brittans.n. (UWA); l5milesNof Hopetoun, l3Aug 195,1; A.b. Royie 3670(2) (PERTH); Mt Desmond,20 Oct. 1961,C A. Gardner13700 (PERTH); Ravensthorpearea, just belowsummit of Mt Desmond,9 lan. 1979'Barnsley 465 (PERTH, CBG);Mt Desmond,l9 July 1979,R.J. Hnatiuk 790022(PERTH).

Total number of specimensexamined. 33.

Comments.Calothamnus pinifollus F. Muell.is relatedto C valdusS Mooreand C. tobustus Schauerbut it is a distinctivespecies and is clearlydistinguished by the denselycrowded, mucronate,pungent leaves on mostof the plant, measuringmostly 1 8-25 cm long,and the staminalclaws which have l2-15 marginalfilaments.In C. robuslus'the leavesare obliquely acuminate,shortly mucronatebut not pungent,and are crowdedat the endsof branches only;the leavesare mostly 1.3 1.5cm longand marginal filaments number 18-20. In C validus, the leavesare mostly 2-2.8 cm long,shortly mucronate and slightly pungent; marginal tilaments numberl2-20. In thesecharacters, C. validusis perhapsintermediate between the two species. C.pinifolius canbeclearly distinguished in the field from C validusbythe smallerfruit (7-12 mm long) (12 15 mm long in C validus)and the pungent,densely crowded leaves

The conservationol C. pinifotiusin the FitzgeraldRiver National Park seemsassured at this stage,but fires may 6e a constantthreat. The populationsoutside the National Park arethreatened due to clearingfor agriculturalpurposes. It is recommendedthat populations of C. pinifolius are monitoredin the face of decline.

19. Calothamnusrobustus Schauer, Regelia, Beaufortia & Caloth.26 (1843);Schauer in Lehm., Pl. Preiss.l:152 (1844);Beard, Descr. Cat. WesternAustral. PI.72 (1961); "Habitat Hawkeswood,Austral. PI. I l:18, 20 (1980).Ilpe: in Australiameridionali-occidentali. In glareosissterilibus ad radicescollium Konkoberuppromontorii Cape-Riche, Novembri a. 1840defloratam legit cl. Preiss!(v.s. cult. ex Horto Berol.)"(Herb. Preiss. no. 213)(lecto, here designated:LD Figure 20).

Calothamnusknightii Hort. ex Schauer,Regelia, Beaufortia & Caloth. 27 (1843).No type desienated. 'lcoje 'o^?cuo3 elrsoddoo.r1 :uqlr,ri.pue oprslnoluecseqnd ^losuep'8uol tutu E-92 ,{FqAIIS 'protlap '8uol 'otnre aorJ€u saqol:os?q 1? poie[p ^ltqBITSsu{c?qJ :luocsoqnd .{lssuep ulu.I€ c 'otelnu?drumfllJo\s aqu xKlDJ uelleJo^?q s3^?al aql qalq,\{uo{ suro}s suoltloduo ro 'tuo8und }o se^eells?uoue relsnla osool Jo lq8ll E ur I Z staMoll ueeJ?epd lou lnq oleuolsnlx 'oteururnce 'snoJq?l8'epl,i\ 'stuo}s ^luoqs flenbrTqo rutu I c'8uol uc (8 1)S I t l (l) otll ol os 'pr8u 'olalal 'J3puals'ellsses 'soqcuelq lsorul?Jo JElnjrpuedrod ,{llsou Jo spueeqt 1?pap,{\ojo salqa'I 'snoJqelaso^eol emlBlx puu stuolsloplo :luocseqnd^losuop slooqs Suno^ sl?3s 'lcelE ;zsl lusurruo:dqll,tt saqouBJq:q8rqur 8 0 ol qnJqsp?dtuoo 1l€uls'peqcu?lq qcnru 166ls0l lgt,l) |lent[ J snplud sna,rryJolrJ Jo adtrloloH 6l .rnili

snuuDqlolDJ poo,\\se)i,{\€H ['L '2 NuyrsiaVol.6, No. I (1987) slightlylarger than theremaining two. Pela/sobovate, concave, obtuse, 4 5 mm long,glabrous, orangebrown, papery,margins scarious, oil glandsprominent in the centre.Staminal claws t equal,free, glabrous, 25 28 mm long, L2 1.5mm wide,dark crimson;marginal filaments 18'20.anthers Iinear, c. 1.5mm long.,Stt /e 1220 mm long,slender, glabrous, crimson; stigma small.-Frull almost ovoid but roundedand widest in the middle,sessile, 9-1 I mm long(including thickenedcalyx lobes), 8- l0 mm wide,pubescent but becomingglabrous with age;two Iarger lobesthickened on top oi fruit, remainingtwo breakingoff with age;style often persistent Fertile seedsfew per capsule,linear, 1.5 1.8 mm long, glabrous,variously angular, angles smoothor sharp;tesla dark brown. Ovulodes few to manyper capsule, Iinear to linearsubulate, I.5 L8 mm long, glabrous,yellow'brown, often obliquelytruncate at wider end, variously angular,angles sharp. "strong","robust", Derivationof name.From the Latin /obrstrs, meaning probablyreferring to the growth form of this speciesor perhapsto the branchesand leaves

Habitat. G(ows on rocky quartziteor granitic soilsin heath lands.Only locally common FlowersOctober to November.

Distibution.Confined to the CapeRiche area (34'36' S, I18047'E). Map 12.

Specimensexamined. WESTERN AUSTRALIA: CapeRiche, on coastNE of Albany, Oct. 1928,C.A. Gardnerand W.E.Blackall s.n. (PERTH); Cape Riche, Oct. 1928,C.A. Gardner s.n.(2) (PERTH); Cape Riche, 2'l OcL 1961,C.A. Gardner13806 (PERTH): Mt Melville, (CapeRiche), 22 Nov. 1964,KR. Newbey1716 (PERTH); distdct West Plantagenet, July 1901,E. Pritzels.n. (NSW).

Total number of specimensexamined. J .

Comments.Bentham (l 867)included C robuslasSchauer, as a synonymof C villosls R.Br. "Schauer stating(p. 178)that appearsto haveexamined a flower accidentally4 merous,in the specimenof Preiss's,which I haveseen, they are mostly at least5-merous". However, Schauer(l 843)did not makean error in his determinationof the species.Bentham may have examineddamaged material or incorrectlylabelled specimens of C v//osas.Apart from being 4-merous,C. robustuscanbe easilydistinguished from C ul1losasby the characteristicshort leaves,mostly perpendicularto the stemsand having obliquelyacuminate tips.

The closestrelative of C. robustusis C. validusS. Moore; for a comparison,see comments underthe latter.

Figure 20. Lecrotypeol Calothamnusrobustus Schauer (LD) '(V,\\n) 'H 'uorreg u s \rads N'(petepun) lW $dols :(HIUgd) '0961 'uerBg Jo ,S96l 96LI a8toaD S ', ôN 6Z tIAtrtsoA :(HJUEi,J a;ltoa) 'lro tL69 '(E,ln,6lS.U 'S 8Z'uerregttr^llsei[ Jor[utuns:(HJUgd) u s atloag 'uoreg 'S96tS V'0L61.{lnf9l I .t00tt) tt\ etpplht:(HJUAd) tro qrrnqJJo '0161601La8naD 'Ir?dS U I€'aBuEU{Bad puoN :(HJUEd)I nfoy lco re^rupl?reS4rC :(HJdgd) LZ6 e 'uorregA €Z l?uorleN 106uusDw A fl'0L61 ldes lli\l tseg pu? la^ru ,{olsloru€Huaa,Âleg :(HJUAd) 'V '0L6l 0€'uerftg 0t6,ullsDw g lco [ ]trÎlseg oprsqtnos uo ao€rlal ,{Icod :(HJUAd) Jo 'uar:eg \d'u's rauprDg rdeg tru ts?E :(HJdgdJ tau 'VllblrDl&'g'j[ '926t T '.uar€g VJ'SZ6l I0gI prDg J lOaS8l tl^trlseg :VI.IydJSnv NdAJ|S1M'pa|.//,7xasuaalrads 'El dPl,\lsEo]tr SuunoqqBreu pue1r€d IeuonENJa^rU plpJe8ztrC eqt ur oSupduollEg t l,Aloql ol pourJuoJuo4nqy$!e 'raqolco ol ,{ln[ sre,rolg qleeq ul slllq alrztJ€nb,{{oo] u st(ol!\'tulqDH 'selJeds srqtlo ' '3uorls,, 's/?prr,1 rqzq eqt ot SuureJar ,tnots Surupeu urtp'I eql luclJ aaDuJo uouotuae

'dJeqs ',{ulqs 'u,roJq,rolle,{ 'etmunJt 'snorq€I8'8uoy selSup l?q,reulos uru 7 c, 'etaeun3r?eurl seurlauos 'r€oull 'olnsdec rod snoraunusrpolrTrO u,lAorq-olEloroqc '.ulql else1 '(os :dreqsro pepunolsalSuE ,{lenbrlqoualJo) otEounrl'3uol ruru S Z'Z'snoJq?I8'letBeunJ rBeurlseunouos) Suolqo-lmurl 'alnsd?J lod snoraunuspras ,/r,?lrdr 'luelsrsred ua{o el,{ls:$qol 'poqoft tuetsrsJado.{\t qlr,r'pel{urJ^\',{poo,Â'ôr8 8u[uocoq JJTEI ]srrJlE'u,roJq-qsrppor 'opr,r '(seqol '8uol 'proô lllru t I 0l tuelsrsJadSurpnlcur) uru Sl-Z I ,{F?euol J?lnqolStsolul€ 'elrssos t1ruC luef,seqnd,{Jesuep &r,1o lluruns IIBrus€lu8r}s :as€q lB ssslJnoloJSurruooaq 'por '8uol 'snorq?I8'ropuols Jo '8uol 'Suolqo-resull uru gZ-02(-Z I) ,1{iS' u.Âorq{rep uru Z c ol teellll sJaqluD:02 stuau8lrJl?ul8r€ru :aseq aql le a8u?JoJo pal a8u€Jo'uosruucrl3u 'snorqelS'opr^\ ZI '8uol urrr (-g ) urrr gZ \ + sMDp tuauuord spupF ',{JededE-Z 'snorqelSl '8uol Zt ZZ)'Wnbe lDutLurrs'3uol 'o^B3uoc Iro :u,rorq,rolle,{ urur €-Z,\\?lJ lroqs e q ,r rxru g-f 'esnlqo'lecudrlle alEAoqo slrtad atBlIJ 'snouBas',ldoJreu sulSJ€ul :urqlrt\ luoasoqnd,{louu 'aprstno 'oêruoc '8uol 'eêcum 'lcera'esnlqo 'Suolqo snorqelS ,{llq8rls urul (S)t € .{llq8rJs prollep'Jmbessel ro eJous"go1 :s[la?ql eql ur posrorurur,{tlq8lls eseq oql 'lu?Jsoqnd,{louu ro snorqslS'asoonJle^ '8uol ruru ( 'el8lnu€duBJaqnrxtlDJ seêelts8uoru? (l€ral€llull I t €) 'lueuluord uauo)Jetsnlc olrssos'lroqs p ul reqlaffol(t,{llsou) 9 t s.lai14olrr spuel8lro:tuo8[nd 'et?uorcnu 'apr,,'r ,{ltq8rls .{It:oqs urur uro(S )8 (S l)'ueel3oled'pr8u'olrssos 'etaJat'repuals 'loeje 'soqau?Jqt-90'8uol t Z e ,4ll?nsn Jo spuooql le pop,lAojcsa\oaT eAEqtr,r snoJqelS SuruooeqseqJuerq :lumseqnd ,{lesJ€ds pu? ,4lelnuruJo snorqelSslooqs Suno^ sr?Js 'tceJgJEel tuaunuoJdqlr,r soqau?rq:q8rqu Z ot qnrqssnorq?13.{llsorll'poqcu?Jq-qcnu'pr8rJ

'(lZ 'uoos '1,\lg aln8rC qdEr8otoqd :oloq).illo,{\xEl{ :uorrBg lr\ 1s3A\r?eu )oerc,{lcor p ur'prlprtsnVl\\,,:adfi (096I)i9l UplrlA lerlsnyulatsel[ ^\ou) 'e^err0 '02:l lpooi .ld ot ,^AoH T IIE{oelg:(0861) 0t 8lJ I Id lprlsnv sal,reH :(t/61) 'Zgl 'equocrol,\ ,o8loe0,uoslcug 092 l?rlsnv ulalsai[ sla,roTC lu?r{crpt{ :(Zt6J) 'uosn8raj:(0/61)?8Jo ld T T f19 I SelN tog tlnJ u|ld e^rleN l?.rlsnvurotsoiA,ll€rreC:(/961) z/ ld l?rlsnv urolsoid ]?J rssac'preag:(ts6l) gOt uplrli|lerlsnv urelsei[ ,l\ou) 01 .\\oH'llelc?lg:(iZ6l)JI I 8lJ'S0Z: tog cos uurl ['oroow Ssnprts^ snuuBq]ols] 0Z

'pepoou el8 uo4nqutsrppue,{SoloJe slr uo ,la^e,roH.)lpd suorte^resqopup suorl3ollm lequnJ IEuoDeNaqJrd edef 6ql ul pelnssesuaes o8etsslql te l€^r^rnsstJ u,\\oulun q snt,-nqojJ Jo snt?lsuorte,r:esuoc pue k8oloceeql 'II snuwDlllolD) poo,rsclr\DH I I 114 NuytsiaVol.6, No. I (1987)

Figure 21. Holotypeol CalothamnusydrTrs S. Moore (BM).

Total number of specimensexamined. 12.

Comments.This speciesis most closely related to C. robustus Schauerbut can be readily separatedfrom the latter by usually having a glabrousor sometimesfinely pubescentcalyx- tube. In C. robustuslhe calyx"tubeis denselypubescent. The leavesof C. robustusare almosl '( d€1,^[)(B,SIo9tt 'S,0?o6Z)uotptBraD 'e,rollnhtr 's Jo lsEo ol (a ,0l0tt t ,TtaLl lred I?uoll?N rrrBqpx aql urori uounqwsr1 'raqotco 'ollnqqlH 'as\uDg 'Drnalqaw 'otrDrv ot tsnSnv uo{ ^ltsou sro,\\old ole optolnoag Io serJodsqlr,r uoq?l'oss?ur qlpoq ,rol ur Iros.{pues u,rorq-,rolle,{ Jo elrq,,!a. ul s,roJ3 :lrlrqrl? 'sol'eds 'qloours eql soAeolsnoocelJoc 1?lJ oql ol ',J?el 'rolltrqd Jo SuuaJer e,, pu!-',,ueê,,',.pêl,'sopnoq\6aJC oqt uold awnuto uoylntuag 'u,rorq-,rolle^ lqBrl'reln8ue ',4urqs'pue 'snoJqelS'8uol 'oteeun3,Jeaurl'alnsd?J auol? slmunrt ,{lenbrlqo^lensn rutuZ c Jodsnojounu ol f,uew sapoln(tou,rorq-,{eJ8 ]qBII ersat:pepunoJ salSus'rpln8u?'snolq€I8 '8uol ruru 'SuolqoJeeurl 'elnsdm rad ,{uBruol 11.a|spaas alural opr,r luru c ecurJo Z'g l 'tuelsrsred 'urql Z :e3€qtr,r Ê,rBSuuBo,r ^lpnsn ,{lpuorsuiJo soqolo,rt Surur?ruoJ:xad? le pouolcrql^lluouruojd soqol olrsoddo o,rl :ruolsuo pop,&oJc,{lasuep ,{llBnsn'epl,r ruru 'EuoJ ',{drunq'rEInqoF 'olrssos 6,9 ruu 0l 8 lsorul€ lln.U' luocsoqnd,{losuop ,'f"ir,1o luuuns IFrxs '8uol 'snorqelS'repuols Jo erugrls:poJ-o8ueJo ruu (g€-)gZ-02 tgl) a1,(./SuliLorq ?p'8uol ruur -8 (-9 'Suolqo-reoulls./ar1luo '.92 sluau€lrJ :perpoolq ot uosurJc'snolqElS 'apr,rI 0 0) '8uol 0Z 'yenbe IBurBrEru rurn \Sd Z 9 I ( I) ruur 79-67 + st]1'eploulaDls u,rorq-o8u?loot {urd 'sur8r?ursnouE3s'urqt qlr.r tuod?d'snonprrep 'Auol ruur (9 'oÊ.uoc'asnlqo 'Suolqo-eleôqo 'snouEcs S-)9-t fg t) qrlad el?rlrc,{llBltr?d leq,&eruos'ulqlsurBrEu'eprsur pu€ oprslno 'o^?ruor 'osntqo 'plollop snoJqBIS ,{nq8rTs 01olncE'8uolruu (8 1-)g l-l (-g ,&orr?uot prollap 'pore'uoqs 0) 'JIBq srgolx{/rr:oseq tE pet?lrp,{ltq8rTs srqceqJ :osocnrro^ ,4lluourruord re/ ol uo 'snorqelS 'lecupult^c tuecsoqnddlourJ pue,4llroqs seurloruos ^lsoru'8uol ruu (t ) S t t ("gZ) tsorul?ot ol?Inu€dru?oilpBoJq aquxtlD) sJe,rolJ tururstuor Suol uc se]rds 'snonurluoJ 0[,0] /-t IpJel?lrun+ ro poldnrJelu esoolUI ,{lluonboJJoJotu Jo uell4 eêq seêeleql rlcrq,ruoJJ sruolsJo suorljoduo sJolsnlclJoqs u tZ snMoltr I?rJet?upaup uo lueuruoJd uelJo'so^?elo^rT uo oJnosqo^lpnsn sure^pu? spuBIS 'xedeelnJe'lJoqs 'luourulold e olul 'snoecBuoc'snorqBlS'opl,r lro '8uol 'oteloocuelqo pe,rorr?u ruu (tl )01 9 (9 t) ruo(9-) g-8 2 tZ) ,roJJEU'lelJ'olrssss'seqcu?Jq JaEuno.{ uo pop,roJcro peJellecssatDa'I aBBqll,r snorqB[8 'esolrd Suluoceq ^lesuap,4lFnsn slooqs puE seêel Suno^ s{unJlJeplo uo es?qeql }e Surllrlds uauo'UEq alBd'qloorusqll,\{'q8lq ru'S I ot qnrqssnorqep'[133e11s Jopeduoc'loorg .lEûnuou ,(?s6t) .upllnA.l?Jl 90t -snv u.rotsoiA,rou) ot ,roH ' e\xelg sn {qdotouoq rE^ tga snpg,AqnnbsnuanltolDJ '(ZZ '1g1,1 orn8rd :o1oq),.plorJplo re ocl?lA .{Eg uordruBrlJrxalalotll unuls odorduou .ou 'snsre,{uosrqrrntrAl ueung sruala uL, :adnJ 'eêrr0 6g6IJ 99l:vt'Zpo ld lerlsny uralso^\ ,rou) ol ,roH ?g :(0961) :l ,poo,rsel,r?H roquororot{Ilulrslg IZ'02'6'g I ld l?rlsnv :(El,6l)ld lerlsnvulolselA T lu?qor€trî'e8rooD'uosl.ug:(0161)g tlnl ur.ld 'llerred 'preeg e^rteN I?rlsnv urslselA :\1961)ZL Id lertsnvuletseld tBJ liso0 :(L9gl) "utuag ' .lz 081:€ l?rlsnv Ic :(z9gl)I I I:[ ru8e]g llonl,{ c snll,tqdolBuoqsnuu8qlolsJ

'luonrdoloêp lsunol q8notql smuBq -rnlsrppu? sarrJ slceJJoerlt JoJpolotluorx oq plnoqsssrrods eql suort?lndodeq1 'e8els Jo Jo lnq srrlll? peJnssBsuaas lred leuorl?NJe^rd pleJo8ztld erll u snpllD^J Jole^r^lns oqJ 'eq'lu odBJ ruo{ u,roul ,{luo fl 'd?lJaô 'luosoJdsr srlsnqol J lou op sorcodso,rt aql so8u?lcrqdelSoa8 aqJl (spr,Âujru '3uol Jo '3uol 0t-g ruru II 6) srusnqot, Jo esoqluEql (apr/ turu €I-01 turu !l ZI) leEr?loqe srsr?p -rrx , Jo lrn{ oqI tcorerrxas 01 lJore ssoJlo JJoru pl3q \IIEnsneJe snpuD^, Jo soÊoloql s?orsq,rdrl oleurunc?enbrlqo up o^?qfll?nsn pu?uals eqt ol Jelncpuefuadpleq ,{lqeueûr 'poo,rsel^\PH 9n snuw04lolD) I I l16 NuylsiaVol.6. No. I (1987)

Figure 22. HolotypeoI Calothamnushomaloprll1rs F. Mucll. (MEL 105185). "South The specimenlabelled of Hamelin", probably representsthe most northerly "Between occuffenceof the species.Likewise, the specimenlabelled Arrino and Dongara" appearsto representthe most southerlyrecord. However neither record providesprecise locality.

Selectedspecimens examined. WESTERN AUSTRALIA: Southol Hamelin(Homestead?), 24 Sept. 1953,N.H. Specks.n. (UWA); 255 milesS of Carnarvon,5 A'tg. 1967, I. Olsen 586 (NSW);35 milesN of Galenaon CarnarvonRoad, 15 Sept.1940, W.E. Blackall 4110 (PERTH); Red Bluff, Kalbarri National Park, 18 Sept. 1.968,M.E. Phillips CBG 036050 (NSW);Red Bluff, 27 Sept. 1962,J.S. Beard 2023 (PERTH, KP); Rosscraham Lookout, Kalbarri National Park, 8 May 1968,PG llilson 6635(PERTH); Kalbarri, 8 Oct. 1912. J.N. Hutchinson 186 (PERTH);Murchison River mouth, 27 Sept. 1962,J.S. Beard 20"11, 2072(PERTH, KP); Kalbarri National Park,4 Aug. 1979,M. Petersons.n. (PERTH); Pot Alley Gorge,5 milesS of Kalbarri,Oct. 1963,W. Rogerson7 (PERTH);0.5 milesfrom Kalbarri,3 Sept.1963, A.R. Fairall I177 (KP);5 milesinland from MurchisonRiver, 27 Sept.1962, M.E. PhillipsCBG 022736 (NSW)lMurchison River, 18Sept. 1968, M.E. Phillips CBG 027255(BRI); Murchison River, 3l Aug. 1966,A.C. Burns 102'l(PERTH); Murchison Rivergorge, a 15miles W of Ajana, 13May l96l,l.S. George2376 (PERTH); 25 miles '(t^lS) rfl U snpLfupnnbsnuaD|tolo) Jo .d,{]u,{S €a ornBll \ _d ffi A$ :

'suer? %'uolplEleD eupfv pu€ e,rollnntr oql uI elnllncu8e JoJSuuBels pu?l ol onp uorlculseJa8ueJ olqeJoplsum pora]Jns o^sq ol srcedde1l'loê,^d.oH )l?d l?uolleNlllBqle) oql urqlt,r pol€nllsa:z suouelndodoql ]o lsou.rJJurs pelnsse slxoos s:lJJds slql Jo I?AI,l.lns3qJ 'salJodso,\\l oql uaa,t\loqsolPlpelxlslul SultuloJ eole uolpJ€JeD eq) u snptltryDnbJ qtl,^ ezlpuq.{q.{Btu U ecuecsalolJullod sje,\{olJJo Joqunu oql uI pue lq8raq'se^?oloql Jo ad?qsoqt ur sobadsslqeue^ P s sry$qdolowollsnuuDlllolDJ 'saroeds e^rlcodsalaql Jopunslueuuloc oososeql qll,|l sryfqdolDaoq , Jo suosu?duof, rod Jg { snpglltponb'J puz'zxr I DdsDJ ol polelol ,{lasolssl solcodssnll sluawuo) 'Zg pdutal\):uatutud' lo Dqunu lDlof 'Zt6l 'ErBBuoC 'HJdAil) rdos pue ZZTZtlupDtg S ,+1 'P,{{elInI{9l ourrrv uo3,!\leq:(HJUAdXZ) 0S L7 ttDtrDtg J ,44 (.tbl rdrs [Z pu? uolpleroD uoo.^teq:(HJXgd) lnoaBwilrs'I I fI'9961 lco t'p?or ?,,r{olFIAiuolpl?roD sollul It 'us L}gl 't061 'uolpl8]aD '8nY :HJUAd) plotaBzltgA W ldes :(HJ{Ad) 113uo7 1'0961 I 'uolplerao 'uotpl?roC Jog sellur0€:(HJUAd) Lg|ua 14 l'U6l ]drs 8 JogN sollui0l :(,,\\SN'HJXAd) Kuaô) Y'0161 8nY 9Z'p?ou elAollnlÎuolpleroD uo uolpleroD '?rrE{?tn:L\\sN)tt\t g salru qSnoqsaa\)JH',1961 u?f'uolplErec Jo € 886€tl 7149p'uo1ppreg :UdS$ DSa 3u1uuo3W g'896t 1de517 ruorJsellur 6 ZI :(HJUAd /8ZA ,9ErZ0'vt1L6ltr"o '(uolpl?roD noiitiig tt JoN selu ZI)e^resouoofe)po:(Hlxgd) u s ztliftfl7 'd '6E61 'uolduruqlroN 'u's 'V2'8261 pueryoquaats T ôN tl :(HJ{Ad)(Z) raup.to) 'tdas'uotduequoN :(,4[SNS86€tI t\\SN uaplow Ht'6061 lco'uoldueq oN:(HJUAd) g}f.LpDag Itrdv 9'uoldru?quoNJo i[N salttuZI :HJX!IdXZ)lISZl DuplD9 ST'S16t'euetv '1961 'y3'0961 :(HJUSd) taup.tDDY J 8nY tZ roÎUuo$t{crntrAl ldes \TZEI'33ro8 :(HJdSd) 9n98uosltJ N'9961 ldos , roÎ{ uoslt{3rnjtr Jo S solltu92 0 :(HJUgd) u s tjia,uag'7 g'gp6l ldos'roÎUuosulclnt{ :(HJUAdXZ) uslrads HN'6161 ldos9'raÎd 'HJXSd) '7 'qlnoru uosrqcrnw:(d) Lg\ZprDaB S t 161ld:S 1Z re^rUuostqornt{ oôq? 'poo,\\sel^\eH LII snuao4|oloJ I I 118 NLtltsiaVoi o. No. | (la87l 22. Calothamnusquadrifrdus R.Br. in Sims,Bot. Mag.t. 1506(Nov. 1812);R.Br. in W.T. Aiton,Hort. Kew.ed.2,4:418 (Dec. 1812); Reichb., Icon et Descr.Pl. T. 9 (1822);G. Lodd., Bot.Cab. t.131 (1823\; DC., Prod. 3:21I (1828); Schauer, Regelia, Beaufortia & Caloth.29 (1843);Schauer in Lehmann,Pl. Preiss.l:153 (1844); Benth., Fl. Austral.3:179(1867); F. Muell.,Fragm. l0;31 (1876);Diels & Pritzel,Bot. Jahrb. 35:433 (1904); Blackall, How to Know WesternAustral. Wildfl. 306 (1954);Beard, Descr. Cat. WesternAustral. PL 72i1961)l Hawkeswood,Austral. Pl. ll.5,21.22(1980); Blackall & Grieve,How to Know Western Austral.Wildfl. ed.2,3A:154 (1980). Calothamnus quadrifidus f . normalisBenth.,Fl. Austral. 3:180(1867), nom. tlleg.Type. Ltcky Bay,Robert Brown \syn:BM, photographseen, Figure 23; isosyn.:NSW, Figure24). Calothamnuslaevigata Schauer, Regelia, Beaufortia & Caloth.3l (1843);Schauer in Lehm., "In Pl. Preiss.1: 153(1844). ryp€: Australiameridionali occidentali, inter Sinum Regis Georgii et vicumPerth. Februario 1840 (Herb. Preiss. No. 215)"(lecto, here designated: LD). "In Calothamnuspurpurea Endl. in Endl. et al., Enum. Pl. Hueg.48 (1837).Tlpe: collibus littoris prope Freemantle/SwanRiver (Huegel)"(holo: W, photographseen, Figure 25).

Calothamnusclavala Mackay ex Schauer,Regelia, Beaufoftia & Caloth.28 (1843);Schauer in Lehm..Pl. Preiss.1:152 (1844); G. Lodd.,Bot. Cab. t. 1447(1829), without analysis. Ztpe: "In solosublimoso ad ripam fl. Avon, propepraedium rusticum cl. Whitfield, Martio 1840, fructifera.Fructileran legit cl. Preiss!Florentum, a cl. l. Drummondmissam, vidi in Herb. Caes.Vindob. (v.v. cult.)" (lecto, here designated: Preiss 210, LD).

Billotiaacerosa Colla, Hort. Ripul.20. t.23 11824).Calothamnus quadrifidus f. acerosilsBenth. Fl. Austral.3:180 (1867). Type: Cult. Rivoli,n.v.

Calothamnusquadrifitlus f. obtirsirsBenth., Fl. Austral.3:119 (1861J. Iype: MurchisonRiver, OldJield.\holo: ? K, n.v.).

Calothamnusquadri/idus var. hirsutusRegel, Index Sem.quae Hort. Bot. Imp. Petro.39 ll856J. Type:not cited. Erect,compact or spreading,multi stemmed,much'branched, usually pilose shrub to 2.5 m high.Young shoots usually pilose. k veserect or spreading,densely crowded, sessile, linear, flat to almostterete, (1-) 1.5-2 (3.5) cm long,0.8-1.5 mm wide,shortly acuminate but not pungent,sometimes glabrous but usuallysparsely pilose to hirsute,dark or light green;oil glandsprominent and randomlydistributed. F/owers mostly in denseunilateral spikes 2-8 cmlong(sometimes3l0flowersinadensecluster),amongstleavesoronportionsofbranches from whichleaves h avefal\en. Calyxtube narrow campanulate, (2.5 ) 3 4 ( 5)mm long,usually glabrousor sometimesfinely pubescent,especially at the base,verrucose;calyr lobes + equal (or sometimestwo oppositeones larger),deltoid, acute to obtuse, 1-2mm long, erect or spreading,verrucose and usually glabrous outside, smooth and glabrous within; marginsthin, scadous,often partiallyciliate. Peld1s obovate elliptical, broadly elliptical or elliptical,3 5 ( 6.5) mm long,deciduous, glabrous, pink-green to palebrown, papery, margins thin, scarious;oil glandsprominent in centre.Staminal claws + equal,(20-) 25'30 (35)mm long, I 1.5mm wide,glabrous, scarlet; marginal filaments (17-) 18'20 ('22), anthers oblong to linearoblong, 0.7-l mm long,yellow, yellow brown or darkbrown. S/l1e 20 35 mm long,slender, glabrous, scarletbecoming pale yellow-green at base;stigma small. F/ilil sessile,almost ovoid, 7 9 mm long,7-8mm wide (widestin the centre),usually smooth or with wide,smooth undulations; two oppositelobes penistent and prominentlythickened at apex;odfice 1.5-2.5 mm wide. Fertile seedsfew per capsule,linear to linear-cuneate,1.2-1.5 mm long, angular,truncate, glabrous;testa grey to light chocolatebrown. Ovulodesnumerous, linear to linearcuneate, l-1.5mm long,angular, truncate, dark orange brown. slsarorq?Jref ur ,{llBuorseccopu? elua}EI l0^o puEsuI spuBlqleoq-oolpu s{3oJ }sbuotu€s|os 'puEs Juualel ur sqteoq uleldpuBslets?oc uIo4 sl8tlqPq Jo ,{loue^ epl\l. € ul s,l\olC /rllqrll

'(ctqdJouloS.{zeJB sle.^{olJ sll lnq'u,\\oul sen snautn8uos 'snotaru-t ,) orurl oql la u,rou{ serJadsclqdrouroultf,€ ,{luo eql JoJ snplJ?lponblo eljJ?:d 'snoJo[I oql aJueq Suleq qloq (sutJo.t82 pue snso IA J zI^) sorsodsl3qlo o,{\] paqlJcsop E 'snpTlitpn u,rorg d ,,slJedrnoJ olul lllds,, Ewueau ?b urls'I eql uoJC awDulo uotlo^uaQ

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\nuurDqlolD) poor\sal,reH 6l r I J 120 NuylsiaVot. 6. No. I (1987) in gravellylateritic soil. Usually a dominantspecies in all thesehabitats. Flowers mostly from August to October.

Distribution.From SharkBay (25'45'S, I 13035'E) down the westemcoast to just south of Perth,inland throughout the wheatbelt,then south to Albany andeast to CapeArid (33'30' S, 123'55'E). Appears to beabsent from the deep south-west of WesternAustralia. Map 14.

Selectedspecimens examined. WESTERN AUSTRALIA: PeronPeninsula, 27 Aug. 1931, C.A. Gardner2553 (PERTH); 5 milesE of TamalaHomestead, 23 Aue. 1979,M. Peterson s.n.(PERTH); 25milesSof Shark Bay,27 Aug. 1931,W.E. Blackall55 I (PERTH);22miles (35.2km) W of HamelinHomestead, (26035'S, I13055'E), 17 April 1919,7.J.Hawkeswood 57, 57a,58, (PERTH);Tamala Road, on NangaStation, Shark Bay, 26 Aug. 1973,E.C. NelsonANU 17300(PERTH); 46 and 60 milesS of BillabongRoadhouse, off North West CoastalHighway, 17 April 1979,T.J. Hawkeswood33, 34 (PERTH);Dewar Creek, Badgingarra,8 Oct. 19'7'7, J.Dodd s.n. (UWA);between Moora and Watheroo, l3 Sept.1932, l/L/.C.Blackall 2549 (PERTH);E of Mingenew,2l Sept.1904, L Morison s.n. (PERTH); WonganHills ResearchStation, 3 Oct. 1962,F.J. LullftzLl64l (PERTH);between Arrino andDongara, l5 Sept.1932, W.E. Blackall 2622 (PERTH); Watheroo, 4 Nov. 1954,R.D. Royce 4939 (PERTH); c. 8 km W of Lake lndoon, 4 Aug. 1976,R..1. Hnatiuk 160224 (PERTH);Watheroo National Park,7 Oct. 1971,R.D. Rolce 9689(PERTH); Moore River StateForest, 22 Sept. 1965,J.J. Havel l l4 (PERTH); Mingenew,20 Aug. 1977, B. Jack 2 (PERTH);50 miles N of Moora,6Sepr.1962,F.W. Went 20'7 (PERTH); Nof Wanneroo, 16Oc| 1962,F.G. Smith 1583(PERTH); Gingin LancelinRoad, I Dec. l9'74,A.E. Orchard 4270(PERTH); Coomallo Creek, 19 April 1979,T.J. Hawkeswood 1,2,3,4,5,6 (PERTH); I km N of Badgingarraby Hill River, I Nov. 1965,P.G. l(ilson 3'788 (PERTH); 1 mile N of Eneabba,l9 Aue. 1971, H. Demarz3390 {PERTH); 16 miles W of Winchesteron road to Eneabba,30Sept.1966, E.M. Bennett139'l IPERTH);6miles N of ThreeSprings, 3 Sept. 1966,R. Filson8509 (PERTH); Yanchep National Park, l8 Nov. 1963,A.M. James92 (PERTH);W of Wanneroo,28 Aug. 1961,T.E.H. Aplin 939 (PERTH);Mt Misery- Dandaragan,22 Sept.1951, N.H. Specks.n. (2) (UWA); Yanchep, 32 milesN of Perth,3 Nov. 1965,F.G. Smith 1881 (PERTH);Red Hill,6 Nov. 1958,T.E.H.,4plin (PERTH); Red Hill, ToodyayRoad, 5 Sept.1969, K.R. Newbey297 6 IPERTH);Cottesloe, Aw. 1895,A.M. lea s.n.(PERTH); Cottesloe, June 1902, C.R Andrewss.n. (PERTH); l5 mi. E of Perth, 21 Oct. 1964,R.A. Salfrey143 (PERTH); Welshpool, 5 Nov. 1918,F.M.C. Schock 42'7 (PERTH);Cottesloe, 1l Aug. 1897,R.Helms s.n. (PERTH); Greenmount, Darling Range, 25 Aug. 1897,R. Helmss.n. (PERTH); Reabold Hill, 26 Nov. 1971,B.R. Maslin 2306 (PERTH);Helena Valley, 11Sept. 191'7. J. Seabrook 187 (PERTH); Forestfield, 17Oct. 1978, R.J. Cran"fiekl89l(PERTH); Claremont, 30 Nov. 1907,A. Mortisons.n. (PERTH); N of Brookton,March1910, M.D. Tinclale129 and B.R. Maslin \PERTH),5 miles E of Piawaning, 9 Sept.1959, T.E.H. Aplin s.n.(PERTH); Tuttaning Reserve, l7 mi. E of Pingelly,17 Oct. 1961,G.Heinsohn 49 (PERTH);Nyabing, Oct. 1956,V.F. McDougall KO56l82 (PERTH); betweenCorrigin and Quairading,4 Oct. 1933, II.E. Blackall 3239 (PERTH); 3 km E of Woodanilling,3 Nov. 1978,R.J. CranJields.n. (PERTH);Yornaning Reserve,35 km SE of Pingelly,12 Sept. 1975, B.G. Mub 473(PERTH); Bonnie Rock, Wialki, I I Sept.1957, A.R.Mains.n. (PERTH): l5 km SWof Newdegate,16Jan. 1979,J.M. KochN 134 (PERTH): PallarupRocks, SE of LakeKing, l3 Oct. 1960,,4.S. George 1552 (PERTH); Muntagin, Sept.1947, T.W. Stove 847 (PERTH); Cranbrook,22 Sept. l9'71,F. Stoward s.n. (PERTH); TrayningReserve, 5 Nov. 1972,,4.Chapman 6 (PERTH);Stirling Range(?), 25 Oct. 1902, G. Berthouds.n. (PERTH); 1 mi. NE of King Rocks, 13 Oct. 1963,K.R. Newbey 1089 (PERTH);Oldfield River, l3 Oct. I 968,N.N. Donner3007 (PERTH); Ravensthorpe, Nov. 1944,C.A.Gardner s.n. (PERTH); Stokes Inlet, l8 Oct. 1968,A.8. Orchard1658 (PERTH); 25 km S of Ravensthorpe,l2 Nov. 1974,D.J.E. Whibley5399 (PERTH);N of ThistleCove, 2l lan. 1966,A.S. George 7 524 (PERTH); Lucky Bay, E of Esperance,10 Sept. 1966, E.M. f I

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'|H-LUJdl ,J.{oU 6986'0961, 'A 'I '{red prrv edsl :(HJNgd) tauptDD }rO V L6I ôN 6Z leuort?N 096ZI'{r?d }'J gJ ip"f i1i-1jxg;fgg ar,tov 13o leuoll€NroÎ{ pl€roazllc ii"3 16 a a'0161'po338U lZ :(tffUSa) 1197aZrcag S t''0961 co0 9 ll trJo ,4[S solru 6l + :(HJUgd)298 ,tlsoW'a 'uerreg ls?gpuu roÎd ,4alsreureH uoo,trlafl :(HJuEd 6tZI9l s'OtSt rdos0€ ',{eg u{ ttifutbii'f'y''i'n 1dig17 ellleerslJo AN lur I :(HJUgd)gtZS ptDag S'I'L96t PO 'paaaug lauuoQ '8961lco gNN ru) 0S t i7 U{ :iHJdAJ n/82 N'N '8961 t'aousrodsg'eruuredsaJo 'lllH ts11rgruooue11t16 l(HJdSd) gg00zratLlrlg 11 lco [ Jo g tul 0ll onre,aog:(HfUia\ zSZgZulldv'H gZ'f961 lro 9Z'lllH{cL {oH :(HJ{3 d) Yt 68uauuag snauoq|oln) pooasa{,$PHI J IZI NuytsiaVol. 6, No. 1 (1987) Total numberof specimensexamined. 526.

CommentsCalothamnus quadrifdus is the most variableand widely distributedspecies in the genus.This has resultedin the rather complexsynonomy. The type specimenswere collectedfrom Bay I (Lucky Bay, easrof Esperance)andvery briefly describedby Robert Brownin 1812.Subsequent authors described new species and vadeties based mainiy on leaf "forms". size(e.g. Bentham, 1867). Bentham (1867) recognized three distinct The first of these. ..sometimes lorma acerosuswas circumscribedby having slender,terete leaves above I in long"(Bentham 1867, p. 180).This is the typicalvariant from districtsaround perth and to Eneabba(Figure 26). The secondform, normalis,encompassed the typicaland common short-leavedvariant from the south westcoastal areas of WesternAustialia rangingfrom Albany to CapeArid in the wet coastalmallee heath and heathassociations (Figures 13 and 24). Bentham(1867) stated that this form had leavesunder I inch (2.5 cm) long, more or lessflattened and mostlyacute. The leavesof this va ant are more or lesserectlv held and its flowersare mostly in leafyspikes. Bentham's third form, obtusus,tsthe variantiommonlv encounteredin the Murchison River area where C. quadrifdus overlapsthe rangeof C homalophyllusF.Muell. to whichit is veryclosely related. It is possiblethat somehybridization hasoccurred in this overlaparea but at the presenttime this vadant with flat, thick. linear- clavateleaves will be includedwithin the rangeof variationol C. quadriJidus.Bentham does not give form statusto any of the arid adaptedvariants of C. quadrifiriuswhich often have slightlylarger flowers in lessdense spikes, denseJy pilose Jeaves and siightly larger, pubescent fruit (becomingglabrous with age).Such variants occur from SharkBay through the semi aridareas of south'westWestern Australia to Norseman,Zanthus and Cape Arid. Throughout this range,C. quadrifidusolten grows sympatdcally with C gllesllF. Muell.and C tuberosus T.J. Hawkeswood(at PeakCharles and associatedgranite outcropsl.

From Shark Bay to Perth,along the coast,C. quaclri,fidusgrows sympatrically with C formosusT.J.Hawkeswood subsp./arnosm (Shark Bay area), C. sanguineusLabill.(Kalbarrj National Park to Perth),C. asperTucz. (WonganHills) and C. homalophyl/asF. Muell. (MurchisonRiver areain the Kalbarri National Park).At presentthere are no substantiated recordsof C. quadrifdus from the peaksof the Stirling Rangewhere other species,e.g. C c/assrs(Benth.) T.J. Hawkeswood,C. affnis Turcz. and C. schaueriLehm., appearto be endemic.There is one record,Berthoud s.n. (PERTH) from the Stirling Range,but there is no specificlocality and the specimenmay have been collectedat the baseor in the surroundingwoodland or heathlandsareas.

Calothamnusquadrifdus may be regardedas a very variablespecies which hasadapted to a wide rangeof habitatswhich differ in climate,soil type and topography.It is one of the mostwidely dist butedof all WesternAustralian plants and hasthe largestdist bution for a Calothamnusspecies. It appearslikely that it has given rise to C. homalophyllusF. Muell. and C. asperTucz. (theonly two speciesto which C. quadrifidusis closelyrelated). It alsoappears likely that interbreedingoccurs between C. quadrifidusand C. homalophyllus in the KalbarriNational Park resulting in the smallerleavedvadant (i.e. C. quadrifidusforna obtususoI Bentham).

CalothamnusquadriJidus can be distinguishedfrom C homalophyllusby the following characters:leaves (l-) 1.52 (3) cm long,0.8-1.5 mm wide,almost terete to sometimesflat, usuallypilose or hirsute,flowers usually in denseunilateral spikes 2 8 cm long,staminal claws wtth l'l 22 marginalfilaments, testa of fertile seedslight chocola@-brown,and fertile seeds andovulodes 1-1.5 mm long.C. homalophrl/ashas leaves (2-) 2.8-5 (6) cm long,(3.5 ) 5 8 (-12)mm wide,glabrous, flowers usually in clustersof 2 to 4 (or occasionallyin a unilateral spikeof up to 30 flowers),staminal claws with 20-25marginal filaments, testa of fertile seeds light grey-brown,and fertile seedsand ovulodesc. 2 mm long. .C.N suorssncspInJo[oq JoJ (txnuBqJoH v l[) tueqJrew l(I :6t61 qo]eJAIur peouotlrruo3 qoreeseJsrql eculsSlee,4 leJo^es oql Jo^o ocuepuodseJjocpenurluoc sltl loJ osp ,sesouS?rp ,saq3J?os InJel?JB uB J:suollrsrnbc?ad,{l pue suorl?lsuejl urle.I oJnlBJolrTur,{llEOJA out 'ujnuBqtoH 'uoslli\ .D.d patsrss€seq (HJUgd v,\\) lI,^{:elqlssod snuu7qlopJ uo \trottr srql ep"u oleq oq^\ pu? oJu€lsrss?snorJe^ JoJ eldoad Eur,rolloJ eql lueql ol olrl plnoa I sluauaBpalou)lry

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(1987) t24 NuytsiaVol. 6, No. I on Myrtaceaeand for much neededassistance while I was ill during the latter half of 1979 in Perth:Dr J.W. Greenfor facilitiesenabling the examinationof preservedplant rnaterial and working space,discussions on Calothamnusand encouragement;Dr N.H. B ttan (Universityof WesternAustralia) and Mr M. Trudgen(W.A. Herbarium)provided helpful discussionsand assistedme in a numberof other ways during my stay in Perth, Mr A.S. Georgeassisted with photography;other assistancehas been provided by MessrsK.F Kenneallyand R.J. Cranfield,Mrs J.W. Lee'Framptonand Miss V. Hamley(all W.A Herbarium).Assistance in field work has beenprovided by MessrsP. Johnson,S. Wilson, D. Knowlesand M. Peterson,Miss M. Brady and Ms A. Kreger.Mr W.M Molyneux of Victodasent me specimens ol Calothammrduring I984. I amalso very grateful to thecurators of the followingherbaria who sent photographsof typesor specimens:CBG, W, KW, LD, K, FI, MEL andNSW. During 1982 85, assistance in the preparationof thispaper has been obtainedat the QueenslandHerbarium, Brisbane, and I thank JuneSawyer of that institution for encouragementand assistancewith type photographsand library acquisitions.Mr P I. Forster,of the Botany Department,University of Queensland,Brisbane, has providedme with enormousassistance and encouragementto proceedwith the completionof this work This researchwas commencedwhile I was a student in receipt of a Comrnonwealth PostgraduateResearch Award at the BotanyDepartment, University of WestemAustralia duringApril to October1979 and February to June1980. Since then, the majorityof this researchhas been undertaken on privatefunds in Brisbane,Queensland, and finally I express my thanksto my mother,Mrs D.E. Hawkeswoodfor facilitiesand financial support, without which this paperwould not be possible.

References

"Flora Bentham.G. {1867). Australiensjs".vol. 3. (Reeve& Co: London) "Aiton. Brown.R. 11812).ln HortusKewensis." Edn.2. (London)- Hawkesrvood,T.J. (1980).The genosCaloLhamnus- Pan L Austral.Plants I l: 5 23. Hawkeswood.T.J- (1984a)-Nine newspecics ol CalolhamnusLabllllMyrtaceae: Lcptospermoideae) from Wcstern Australia.Nuytsia 5i 123153. Hawkeswood.T.J. (1984b1.Calothamnus accedens T.J. Hawkeswood (Myrtaccac), a rare and endangcrcd new species from WesteinAuslralia. Nuytsia 5: 310I15. "lndex ' Holmgren,P.K., Kcuken,W. and Schofield,E.K. (1981). HerbariorumPar! [. The herbariaof the world Ed.7. (Bohn,Scheltema and Holkema:Utrecht and W. Junk: The Hague.l Hnatiuk. R-J. (1979).Tuberous rooB in Calathamnut(Myrtaceae) Westem Australia Searchl0l 281-282 Hussey.B.J.M. (1977). Whicher Range'Donlybrook sunklands. Western Austral. Naturalist l3:211-216 "The Kcnneally,K.F. 11977).The flora.In: Natural Hislory of thc WonganHills." (Wesrcrn Austfalian Naturalists Club Pe h.l Kunze,O. (l8,{7).Linnaea 20r 58. "Novae "Histofiae tabillardiere.J.J.H. de 11806). HollandiaePlantarurn Specimen." (D Huzard:Paris), Reprinted in NaturalisClasica" series (1966). "Extinc! Leigh,J.H., Boden,R. & Briggs,J. (1984). and EndangeredPlants of Australia."(Macmillan Australia: Melbourne.) "Tuberous. Pate,J.S. & Dixon. K.W. (1982). cormousand Bulbous Planrs." (University of WesternAustralia Press Nedlands.l "Dissertatio Schauer.LC. 11845l. phytographicade Regelia.Beaufortia et Calothamnus,generibus plantarum (Vratislaviaeet Bonnae, 1845.) (Being Nov. Act. Acad.Caes. Leop-Carol. Nat. Cur' 21, 1845. Myrtacearum-" "De pp. I 32, pl- I L Also issuedas a preprint: Schauer,J.C. ( I 843) Regelia,Beaufortia et Calothamno dissertatio gralulatoria."(Bratislava, typ. univorstatis,l8'13, Universitati litterarum erlangensi secularia prina, A-D 10kal Sept.1843.) "PlanIae ' Schauer.J.C. (1844: In Lehmann.J.C.C. Pressianae.Vol. l. (Meissnef:Hamburg ) 'IlanlN reneqcs ,ss?ald J snd/DoDta '/ snuuoll)olo) Jo uorlnqulsrcl 8 dsw snauDqlolDS Jo uotnqulsrc d€l^l

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snuw,qtolD) lo uolnqulsro Z dElr'\tr (a). entr^,tr9 snulss!8uol J puelV) qluog stt,ltpDlsttlJodsnuuDqlolrJ Jo uo[nqu]slc I det\l

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Map 9. Distributionof Cdlothamnusschaue Map 10. Distributionol Calothamnus Lehm.(*),C.plandolirs L€hm. (.) lehmannii SchaLtet. arLdC. pallidifolius lBenth.)T .J. Hawkeswood(A). -., 1r r '#' 1111 ti lL I ;l iil_! l+ FIl r. fJ -.--fl,----t^ i--E Fr , t 7

Map 11.Distribution of Calothamnusrupestis Schaueriai, C g/dnlaicus T.J. Hawkeswoodsubsp. \y'ap12. Di.rriburion ol Calorhamnu:asper ganiticus (LJ, C 8/drltrcussubsp. Trtcz. \d), C.pinifolius F.Moell. leptophyllus lBenth.) T.J. (a) and C ,'orrst s Schauer( ). Hawkeswood(*). -,'i- -l ,--\rli-flr rri i . -'j"5f- i-^.L11-. t l .- -l F-.r-.ilr : i r I -r1 *,$6rrir1a!*r lt -+";fl iil;."F.1:l^nj-ij; -- i;

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Map 13. Distributionol Calothamnusvalidus Map 14. Distributionof Calothamnus S. Moore (a) and C. homalophyllus quadri/idus R.Br. F. Muell.(l.).

Map 15. Distributionol Calothamnustubetosus T. I Hawkeswood.