E PL UR UM IB N U U S Congressional Record United States th of America PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 104 CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION

Vol. 141 WASHINGTON, WEDNESDAY, MAY 24, 1995 No. 87 Senate (Legislative day of Monday, May 15, 1995)

The Senate met at 8 a.m., on the ex- Pending: We will have to extremely limit our piration of the recess, and was called to (1) Harkin-Bumpers amendment No. 1126, time. I think that the requests—may I order by the President pro tempore to reduce unnecessary military spending, suggest that we yield 8 minutes to the holding military spending to a freeze in over- [Mr. THURMOND]. all spending over 7 years protecting readi- Senator from Massachusetts and 8 min- The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The ness and modernization activities and shift- utes to the Senator from Ohio. prayer this morning will be led by the ing the savings to education and job train- Mr. DOMENICI. And 8 minutes to the guest Chaplain, the Reverend Ralph E. ing, restoring a portion of the reductions senior Senator from Ohio. McCormack, of Danville, VA, guest of proposed for those programs in the resolu- Mr. WELLSTONE. I might ask if I Senator BYRD. tion. could have 4 minutes. (2) Feingold-Hollings amendment No. 1127, Mr. DOMENICI. Let me see how the PRAYER to strike the budget surplus allowance provi- opposition goes. I have none for myself sion (Section 204) from the resolution to The Reverend Ralph E. McCormack, at this point. Then I will see. eliminate the use of the fiscal dividend for I yield 8 minutes to Senator KEN- pastor of Burton Memorial Pres- further tax cuts. NEDY, 8 minutes to the junior Senator byterian Church, Danville, VA, offered (3) Snowe amendment No. 1128, to increase from Ohio, and 8 minutes to the senior the following prayer: funding for mandatory spending in function 500 (Education). Senator from Ohio. Let us pray: The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Gracious God, we invoke Thy pres- (4) Bumpers amendment No. 1130, to strike the proposed change in the budget process distinguished Senator from Massachu- ence with us here in this place. rules which would permit the scoring of rev- setts is recognized. We pray for these U.S. Senators. We enue derived from the sale of federal assets. Mr. KENNEDY. Thank you, Mr. pray that they may have wisdom in AMENDMENT NO. 1128 President. I yield myself 8 minutes. their deliberations. We pray that their Mr. EXON. Mr. President, I would Mr. President, one of the most impor- decisions will continue to keep our Na- ask my chairman of the committee if tant aspects of the whole budget reso- tion strong and safe for all people. it would be in order for me at this time lution is what it does in the areas of We pray for all of us here and for our to yield 10 minutes off the bill in oppo- higher education, as well as education families. If there is sickness, we pray sition to the Snowe amendment to the generally. for better health. If there is unhappi- Senator from Massachusetts? I took a few moments of the Senate’s ness, we pray for reasons for joy. If in Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, par- time just 3 days ago to outline where I our families, there is ill feeling, we liamentary inquiry. thought we were on the whole issue of pray for peace and harmony. If in our How much time remains on the education in this country. We take families there is any problem or any Snowe amendment? pride in our higher education system. cause for worry, we pray for a good res- The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Sen- Of the top 149 universities worldwide, olution of the difficulty. ator SNOWE has 67 minutes; the opposi- 127 of them are here in the United Help us to honor Thee with our lips tion has 35 minutes. States. Our system works well. We pro- and with our lives. Amen. Mr. DOMENICI. I would prefer to vide superb higher education in this f yield 10 minutes off the opposition to country. If there is a basic problem, it the amendment. Is that what the Sen- is the cost of higher education. We CONCURRENT RESOLUTION ON ator wanted? have tried to address this problem at THE BUDGET Mr. EXON. The Senator from Ohio the Federal level. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The wants 10 minutes. Our Federal education policies have Senate will resume consideration of I would start out today by saying to been worked out in a bipartisan way Senate Concurrent Resolution 13. all the Senators that we are extremely over the period of years since the early The clerk will report the pending strapped for time. Five minutes here, 1960’s when a judgment was made that business. ten minutes there, under ordinary cir- it was in the national interest to sup- The legislative clerk read as follows: cumstances would be in order. I think port higher education. A concurrent resolution (S. Con. Res. 13) we have about what—4 hours maximum Individual contributions, private sec- setting forth the congressional budget for left? How much time is remaining? tor contributions, and Federal assist- the United States Government for the fiscal The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Three ance have created the world’s best edu- years 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, and 2002. hours and 45 minutes. cation system. Together, we support The Senate resumed consideration of Mr. EXON. Mr. President, 3 hours and educational opportunities for our Na- the concurrent resolution. 45 minutes, with about 70 amendments. tion’s citizens, and at the same time,

∑ This ‘‘bullet’’ symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by a Member of the Senate on the floor.

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VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7282 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 24, 1995 we support the outstanding research We wanted to make sure that they avoid any kind of taxes. You would that is going on in places like the NIH, were not going to have to repay their have thought they could find—— the National Science Foundation, and loans for a short period of months—and The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The other research agencies. Our system is we are talking a few months—after time of the Senator has expired. working, and it is working well. they graduate, when they are trying to Mr. KENNEDY. I yield myself an- The charts we reviewed a few days find a job. That decision had the sup- other minute. ago in this Chamber show that pro- port of Republicans and Democrats The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The viding higher education to our citizens alike. Now we are finding out that this Senator has no more time. contributes to this country immeas- grace period will be gone as well. Stu- Mr. KENNEDY. I yielded myself 8 urably. The clearest example of this dents are going to be penalized again. minutes and I was given 10, I believe. was the cold war GI bill which returned I do not know how it is in other parts The PRESIDENT pro tempore. That $8 for every $1 that was invested in of the country, but I can tell you the is incorrect. The time of the Senator education. Investments in education job market in my State is not flour- has expired. continue to be an investment in our ishing for young people who are grad- Senator DEWINE. country. uating from college. They are able to Mr. DEWINE. Mr. President, I rise Now, the Budget Act that is before get jobs, but it takes them a little today in very strong opposition to the the Senate today effectively cuts $65 while and their salaries to begin are amendment of my friend, the Senator billion from education, $30 billion of it low. Now the Republicans want to pe- from Maine. This amendment, frankly, out of higher education, and the re- nalize them for that. will hurt the very people it purports to mainder out of other education support If you want to talk about a figleaf help, our young children. programs over the period of the next 7 over a problem, the Snowe amendment The Snowe amendment would sup- years. is just that. This is a 10-percent res- port programs that are, in fact, meri- That is a one-third cut in higher edu- toration from the budget cut. Some torious. But it would do so with an off- cation. The suggestion by members of will say, given the fact we have been set that would cause serious harm to the Budget Committee that these cuts voted down and voted down and voted the future of U.S. competitiveness in a are not going to touch the Pell grants, down, we ought to grab this, because it very important high-technology indus- that we are going to hold them harm- is the only thing we are going to get. try. It would do so with an offset that less, is basically hogwash. Even when The fact of the matter is, this amend- would cause serious harm to U.S. com- we hold the Pell grants harmless, we ment proposes to find offsets from petitiveness in an increasingly tough see a 40-percent reduction in what has travel, bonuses, and other agencies, but and competitive world. The offset as- been a lifeline for young people to go these are not binding instructions. The sumes a reduction of $1.124 billion in on to higher education. appropriators decide on those instruc- aeronautic research and development. Mr. President, 70 percent of all the tions. There is nothing to guarantee Let me explain the real world con- young people in my State need some that education will be off limits. sequences this cut would have, and es- kind of assistance to go to the fine So on the one hand, the Snowe pecially what it would do to some very schools and colleges, the 4-year col- amendment may restore some benefit important programs at NASA. leges and the 2-year colleges in my to those who need Stafford loans, but One of the programs has to do with State. And 75 percent of that assist- you are taking money away from the the advanced subsonic technology. This ance comes from Federal support to sons and daughters of working families program addresses future technology higher education. who need the help and assistance pro- needs covering the whole spectrum of What is amazing to me is that after vided in a title I program or a school- subsonic aviation, from commercial we have had this dramatic cut, and the to-work program. There are no guaran- jets to small aircraft. Senate has rejected the efforts by Sen- tees here that you are not going to just First of all, this program has already ator HARKIN, Senator HOLLINGS, and put it back in one part of education perfected techniques for detecting and others, to restore education funding, and sacrifice another part. evaluating corrosion and cracks in air- we now have this amendment that re- So we should be thankful for any craft. These techniques have now be- stores a meager 10 percent of the pro- kind of restoration of funds to edu- come a part of the industry. If we make posed reduction in Federal support to cation. But I must say to the parents this cut, the cut proposed in the Snowe higher education. who are watching this debate that amendment, our future ability to in- The explanation about how we are what they ought to understand is that crease air safety will be seriously im- going to avoid instructions to the we are going to see a one-third cut in paired. Labor and Human Resources Com- the area of education, a $65 billion loss Second, our ability to decrease the mittee that will be charged with going over the period of the next 7 years. The harmful environmental effects of air- ahead with these cuts is enormously effect of this amendment, if it is suc- craft will also be seriously impaired. interesting to me. cessful, will be a restoration of $6 bil- To remain globally competitive, U.S. We had a debate here on the floor of lion of those funds. aviation has to stay ahead of inter- the U.S. Senate about how we ought to The Senator from Connecticut, my- national environmental standards. eliminate home equity—farm home eq- self, the Senator from Minnesota, and Thanks in part to the advanced sub- uity and home equity of young people— others will be offering, at an appro- sonic technology program, we are in our calculations of student assist- priate time, a very modest amendment doing that today. It would be wrong to ance eligibility. Why? Because the to restore $28 billion, not the full lose our competitive edge in this area. value of the farms have gone up over amount, but just $28 billion, with off- Third, our ability to improve sat- the period of recent years. That has sets from corporate welfare and tax ellite air traffic control would also be been true in the heartland of this Na- provisions. seriously hurt by a cut in this program. tion, just as it has been true in the in- It is extraordinary to me that once All of these areas—aircraft safety, creased value of homes as a result of again we talk about educating children the environment, air traffic control— inflation that students have nothing to in this country, but the Budget Com- are legitimate concerns of the Federal do with. Including home equity in cal- mittee could only find $20 billion out of Government and have been an area culations for student aid eliminated $4 trillion reductions in tax expendi- where the Federal Government has the sons and daughters of working fam- tures to turn to this important ven- been involved for decades. In these ilies whose principal problem is the ture. We could have gotten the $60 bil- areas, NASA is engaging in high-risk value of their farm went up or their lion. You would have thought they research that individual companies home went up. could find the billionaires’ tax cuts simply cannot and will not undertake. A second debate we had here on the where you find billionaires turning Furthermore, Federal investment in floor of the U.S. Senate, supported by into Benedict Arnolds, where they this technology has important roots in Republicans as well, was to give young make fortunes, hundreds of millions the history of our country, as I will ex- people a few months after they get out and billions of dollars, and then give up plain in a few moments. NASA’s role, of college to find a job. their citizenship and go overseas and really, is to develop high-risk, high-

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7283 payoff, precompetitive technologies so America’s ascent to the role of global SNOWE, ABRAHAM, GRASSLEY, BROWN, they can then be passed along to pri- superpower was made possible in large KASSEBAUM, COHEN, LOTT, AND CHAFEE. vate industry. This is something that part by the ability of America’s avia- I support the goal of the amend- only NASA can do. And this invest- tion pioneers to invest in the future. ment—to provide increased funds for ment is essential to the future of the Education—so ably advocated by my higher education. My record is clear U.S. aircraft industry. The continuing good friend from Maine—has to do with and unequivocal on education funding. growth of U.S. market share depends preparing our children for the chal- These funds must be increased, but not on our ability to ensure that aircraft lenges of the future. This program—the in the way proposed by the proponents are safe, cost effective, and able to program that would be cut by this of this amendment. comply with ever more stringent envi- amendment—is building that future. I I do not know that there has been an ronmental regulations. think cutting this program would be a education bill which I voted against There is a long history of Govern- very shortsighted measure—and the since I have been in the Senate for over ment involvement in basic, losers would be our children. 20 years. My record is very clear in precompetitive research. Back in 1917, Tens of thousands of American chil- that regard. the United States established the Na- dren can grow up to work in high-tech- I want to speak about the offsets that tional Advisory Committee on Aero- nology aviation jobs—if we do not fore- are required here that would provide nautics to engage in basic close that option by making short- the money for this particular amend- precompetitive research. The NACA sighted decisions today. ment. I would like to speak about two was a precursor of NASA and did the In aviation, there is a truly global of the offsets that the amendment same kind of forward-looking work market. Over the next 15 to 20 years, identifies and discuss the impact which that would be cut under this amend- the global demand is expected to be be- these cuts would have on our economy ment. tween $800 billion and $1 trillion. and our Federal workers. Earlier this month we, of course, A recent study by DRI/McGraw-Hill First, the amendment would zero out celebrated the 50th anniversary of the estimates that a 1-percent gain in U.S. two important NASA programs. This end of World War II. Every single air- market share creates 9,000 new jobs— Nation has gotten to be what it is be- plane that helped win that war was and $120 million in Federal revenues— cause we put more into research, and made possible by NACA’s testing facili- each year. the inquiry into the unknown, into ties. No single corporation had enough Aviation already contributes over $25 pushing back the frontiers of science, money to be able to invest in the kind billion a year to the U.S. balance of and then we develop the industry and of wind tunnels that were used to test trade. That’s more than any other U.S. the business once that has occurred. these planes. NACA’s Ames facility did manufacturing industry. That has been the hallmark of Amer- have those resources. No single cor- And aviation already generates al- ica. We have been the envy of the world poration had the resources to do the most a million high-quality jobs in this in doing that; the envy of the world. basic research on how wings should be country. So these programs in our R&D are shaped. NACA did have the resources. If we allow this cut to go forward, we seed-corn type programs that whole in- For almost eight decades, NACA, and will fall behind in our effort to develop dustries benefit from. We have seen in its successor agency, today’s NASA, technologies that will keep America on the past money spent at NASA in aero- have been making the kind of invest- top of this global market. nautical research which in particular ment in America’s aviation knowledge I think we should continue to invest had led to the development of an air- base that no corporation could possibly in a high-technology future for this craft industry in this country that has match. Every single plane in America country. been leading in exports second only to today has NASA’s technology some- I think NASDA’s research on avia- farming, to agricultural products, in where in it. The little piece of wing tion plays a fundamental and irreplace- years past. that juts out perpendicular from the able role in that process. Dan Goldin, the Administrator of wing tip—known as a winglet—was de- That is why I will be voting ‘‘no’’ on NASA, was given aid by the adminis- signed by NASA. The winglet increases the amendment proposed by the Sen- tration, and was tasked to downsize the fuel efficiency of an airplane by 5 ator from Maine. To vote ‘‘no’’ on this some, and he went ahead and did it. He percent, and that 5 percent can make a amendment is to say ‘‘yes’’ to a high- did it, and he has a program in NASA, big difference in making U.S. planes technology future for Amercia’s chil- a 5-year budget, which was about $122 competitive. dren. billion in fiscal 1993. The 1996 request is Just this week the Boeing 777 was un- I will conclude by summarizing as now $82 billion for the next 5 years. So veiled. Major components in that plane follows: We hear a lot of talk on this they have been cut by one-third in just were designed some 15 years ago in floor about making sure our children 2 years. NASA’s laboratories, not with a view have good jobs, high-paying jobs, high- NASA has stepped up to the plate to toward the product line of any par- technology jobs, and they should not reduce bureaucracy and improve the ticular corporation, but because, over be confined, as some people on both way it does business. These programs the long run, the long term, America sides of the aisle have said, to flipping are the R&D or seed-corn type pro- needs that technology know-how. hamburgers. This type of research grams which many of my colleagues Another research project threatened gives these good high-paying jobs to have heard me speak about in the past. by this amendment is NASA’s high- our children. This amendment would zero out speed research program. Before invest- I urge, therefore, a ‘‘no’’ vote on the NASA’s High-Speed Research Program, ing the roughly $20 billion that might Snowe amendment. I urge a vote for and NASA’s Advanced Subsonic Tech- be necessary to develop a high-speed our future. nology Program. civil transport aircraft, private compa- I see my time is almost expired. I see Before I talk about these specific nies need to know whether such a plane my friend and colleague from Ohio, programs, I would like to observe that could be built in compliance with envi- who has a tremendous amount of expe- NASA has already absorbed more than ronmental and safety standards. rience in this area, has risen to speak its share of budget cuts. A couple of If we allow the United States to fall and will be speaking in just a moment. figures will illustrate what I am talk- behind in the quest for this techno- I look forward to listening to his com- ing about. In fiscal year 1993, NASA’s 5- logical breakthrough, the U.S. share of ments. year budget request was about $122 bil- the long-range global aircraft market Mr. GLENN addressed the Chair. lion. The fiscal year 1996 request is now could drop below 50 percent. It would The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The $82 billion for the next 5 years. NASA be a horrible blow to the trade deficit, Senator from Ohio is recognized. has been cut by one-third in just over 2 to high-technology jobs, and to some- Mr. GLENN. Mr. President, I regret years. thing in many respects even more im- we have such a short time here this Dan Goldin’s leadership of the agency portant, our national sense that Amer- morning to deal with this. is currently going through a painful ica is leading the world in the future of Mr. President, I rise in opposition to process of reducing its budget by $5 bil- high technology. the amendment proposed by Senators lion over the next 5 years. Mr. Goldin

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7284 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 24, 1995 believes that this can be achieved with- Here is one that ought to get the at- ables NASA to develo high-risk, high- out eliminating programs. He has a tention of every single person who is payoff, precompetitive technology to tough row to hoe to achieve this and he hearing my voice, and every single per- prove feasibility so that industry may just cannot do it if we impose another son in this Chamber: Aging aircraft. complete development and apply tech- cut like this on his budget over there. My colleague from Ohio mentioned nology to specific products; will result These programs are valuable. They that a moment ago. in accomplishments in noise prediction are not something that we just pick up Second, aging aircraft: To develop codes for quieter engines, non-destruc- and lay down as a whim. Further cuts new ways of inspecting aircraft to de- tive evaluation techniques for detect- in NASA’s budget will simply result in termine their airworthiness. ing corrosion, cracks and disbonds; an- the elimination of current programs. When you see a black storm cloud on alytical tools to understand aircraft And Mr. President, I suggest that, if the horizon the next time you are tak- wake vortices for safe landings; and as- this amendment is approved, the future ing off out of Washington National or sists in preserving 1 million U.S. high of NASA’s three aeronautic research Dulles in a 727 aircraft over 20 years quality jobs and $25 to $30 billion in an- centers—Lewis Research Center, Ames old, I think you would be interested in nual positive balance of trade for U.S. Research Center, and Langley Research this kind of research NASA wants to aviation. Center will be in jeopardy. do. How can we possibly take a chance Now, let me talk about the High- New approaches are being developed on knocking something like that Speed Research Program first. The to determine the residual strength in down? goal of this program is to help develop airframes using advanced non- The High-Speed Research Program the technologies industry needs to de- destructive technologies. It might be will: enable NASA to develop early, sign and build an environmentally worth thinking about this program the high-risk technology for future envi- compatible and economically competi- next time you are sitting in a 727 that’s ronmentally compatible, economically tive high-speed civil jet transport for 20 years old waiting to take off on a competitive high-speed civil transport the 21st century. The technology devel- cross-country flight. aircraft (technologies needed are be- opments are to reach an appropriate Third, noise reduction: This program yond state of the art); industry will stage of maturity to enable an industry is developing technologies to reduce take NASA technology and invest $20 decision on aircraft production by 2001. aircraft noise by 10 decibels or more by billion to actually develop aircraft; and Mr. President, the technologies cur- the year 2000. if the United States is first to market, rently needed to develop such a trans- Fourth, terminal area productivity: the U.S. market share could grow to 80 port are beyond the state of the art. Technologies, chiefly involving air percent, achieve $200 billion in sales, NASA estimates that industry will traffic control, that can improve the and create 140,000 new U.S. jobs. need to invest more than $20 billion to efficiency of operations on the ground Thank you Mr. President. I urge my bring such a transport to market. A $20 at busy airports. colleagues to vote against the Snowe- billion industry just with this one de- Fifth, integrated wing design: New Abraham amendment. velopment alone; $20 billion we are concepts, design methodologies, model I think, while I support the goal of talking about, and we are talking fabrication and test techniques are getting more money for education, I about cutting back the research that being developed to provide industry an certainly do not support taking it out will make that possible. integrated capability to achieve in- of these forward-looking research pro- Studies have identified a substantial creased aircraft performance at lower grams that have served us so well in market for a future supersonic airliner cost. the past, and will in the future. to meet rapidly growing demand for Sixth, propulsion: Technologies to long-haul travel, particularly across improve fuel efficiency of future com- IMPACT ON NASA LEWIS the Pacific. mercial engines by at least 8 percent NASA’s zero-based review announced Those that have been to the South- and reduce nitrogen oxides by 70 per- last week will have a significant im- east Asian area recently know how cent over current technology. pact on Lewis Research Center outside that area is really expanding economi- These are only some of the tech- of Cleveland, OH. Lewis will be given cally. Over the period from 2005 to 2015, nologies being developed under the pro- primary responsibility for aeronautics this market could support 500 to 1,000 gram which the amendment’s propents research, especially aeropropulsion re- aircraft, creating a multibillion sales would completely gut. search. Other programs would be shift- opportunity for its producers. Such an It is a truly shortsighted amendment ed away from Lewis, including work on aircraft will be essential for capturing that would eliminate these important expendable launch vehicles. the valuable long-haul Pacific rim applied technology programs. Mr. President, if the proposal by the market. Mr. President, it is no secret that Senator from Maine is accepted, I As currently envisioned an HSCT air- aerospace business is a government-pri- think it could be the death knell for craft should be designed to carry 300 vate sector partnership. Historically Lewis Research Center. I use these passengers at Mach 2.4 on transoceanic our government has funded aeronautics words carefully. But when an agency routes over distances up to 6,000 nau- R&D, and industry has taken this basic like NASA is downsizing, and the chief tical miles at fares comparable to sub- technology and developed aircraft that mission of a given facility is elimi- sonic transports. have dominated the world market. nated—and this amendment would Now let me talk about the Advanced Over the last decade or so, other gov- eliminate high-speed research and ad- Subsonic Technology Program. ernments have gotten into the act. vanced subsonic technology research, The goal of NASA’s Advanced Sub- Currently, the U.S. market share is which will be Lewis’ bread and butter— sonic Technology program is to de- about 65 percent, down from about 91 then I think my words are accurate. velop, in cooperation with the FAA and percent in the 1960’s. If Lewis closes, the impact on my the U.S. aeronautics industry, high- We had 91 percent of the world’s com- State will be significant. According to payoff technologies to enable a safe, mercial aircraft market in the 1960’s. NASA, Ohio has the second largest highly productive global air transpor- We are now being competed with more number of aeronautics jobs in the tation system that includes a new gen- vigorously than we have ever been in country, behind California. This is due eration of environmentally compatible, the past. primarily to NASA Lewis, Wright Pat- economical U.S. subsonic aircraft. Cutting these two important pro- terson, the Ohio Aerospace Institute, Some of the technologies and issues grams will not help us regain this mar- and Ohio’s university system. Anchor- being studied and developed in this pro- ket share—quite the opposite. We will ing these jobs is Lewis. It attracts gram include: be sending a signal that the U.S. air- world class scientists and engineers to First, fly-by-light/power-by-wire: a craft industry will be less competitive. world class facilities. fully digital aircraft control system I do not want to see that happen. Did the Senator from Maine and her which would be substantially lighter, In summary, the advanced subsonic cosponsors consider this impact when more reliable and efficient than cur- technology: meets future technology they put together their amendment? I rent control systems. needs for next generation aircraft; en- do not think so.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7285 Mr. President, Lewis employs di- I believe CBO is inaccurate in stating ‘‘the HSCT, some level of confidence must be es- rectly about 4,500 people. About one- benefits from the R&D supported by the tablished that it could meet noise and emis- third of these are in some way con- NASA programs in question fall almost ex- sions standards and that airlines could oper- nected to aeronautics research. But the clusively to aircraft manufacturers, their ate it profitably. The HSR program was de- suppliers, and airlines.’’ These enabling ad- signed to develop precompetitive tech- multiplier effect is significant. The vances provide the basic tools for U.S. indus- nologies to eliminate the highest technology people employed at Lewis attract other trial innovation. While NASA R&D contrib- risks for a future HSCT, ensuring U.S. lead- businesses, or help form new ventures utes to a stronger U.S. aviation industry, the ership. and stimulating the economy. Gutting benefits are broader. Terminating these im- The first to market a successful HSCT these two programs would have a seri- portant technology programs would have re- stands to gain $200 billion in sales and 140,000 ous impact on this dynamic system. percussions far beyond the short-term profit- new jobs. Mr. President, I ask unanimous con- ability of U.S. aircraft manufacturers and CBO criticizes NASA’s work in tech- sent that several relevant documents airline operators. Joint NASA-FAA efforts nologies that will allow the continued oper- ation of aging jet aircraft. be printed in the RECORD. to safely increase the capacity of the air- There being no objection, the mate- space system, eliminating costly and unpro- 25% of planes flying today are more than 20 years old, beginning to exceed their design rial was ordered to be printed in the ductive delays, would end. Technologies to ensure that the aging aircraft fleet remains life. The trend is to fly aircraft 30 years or RECORD, as follows: safe and cost-effective would not be devel- more; as airlines continue to operate on the NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE oped. U.S. efforts to develop rational posi- edge of profitability they cannot afford new ADMINISTRATION, OFFICE OF THE tions on proposed international environ- aircraft. It is essential that these aging air- ADMINISTRATOR, mental regulations governing airline oper- craft remain safe. Washington, DC, May 8, 1995. ations would be severely hampered, and new CBO contends that ‘‘the benefits from the Hon. PETE V. DOMENICI, technologies to meet increasingly stringent R&D supported by the NASA programs in Chairman, Committee on the Budget, U.S. Sen- environmental requirements would not be question fall almost exclusively to aircraft ate, Washington, DC. developed. The Nation’s only precompetitive manufacturers, their suppliers, and air- DEAR SENATOR DOMENICI: I am writing to technology development for general avia- lines.’’ express NASA’s strong objection to the rec- tion, commuter, and civil tiltrotor aircraft A recent study by DRI/McGraw-Hill esti- ommendation by the Congressional Budget would end. mates that a 1% gain in U.S. market share Office (CBO) in its February 1995 Report to NASA understands the continued budget will generate 9,000 jobs (40% in aerospace and the House and Senate Committees on the pressures facing the Nation. In fact, NASA 60% in supporting industries), $360 million in Budget, ‘‘Reducing the Deficit: Spending and has led the Federal Government by reducing sales and $120 million in Federal tax revenue Revenue Options,’’ to eliminate NASA’s Ad- its outyear budget by 30 percent since 1993 each year. vanced Subsonic Technology and High Speed and is engaged in a major effort to identify NASA’s programs address critical issues of Research programs. I request that this rec- an additional $5 billion in reductions be- safety, airspace system capacity, and envi- ommendation not be included in assumptions tween FY 1997 and FY 2000. We shall continue ronmental aspects of flight which benefit air supporting the Committee’s forthcoming FY to seek efficiencies and streamline our proc- travellers and the general public. 1996 Budget Resolution. esses to ensure that the Nation has the best CBO contends that noise and atmospheric In making its recommendation, CBO con- possible civil aeronautics and space program, pollutants generated by air travel are unpaid tends that these programs develop tech- conducting cutting-edge research and tech- ‘‘costs’’ that travellers impose on the public nologies which should be developed by the nology which will lead the United States at large and therefore air travellers should private sector, namely large aircraft compa- into the 21st century. pay the full cost, including R&D for aircraft. nies. The aeronautics program conducted by Sincerely, Air travel is global, not national, just as NASA and its predecessor, the National Ad- DANIEL S. GOLDIN, the aircraft market is global. Airline opera- visory Committee on Aeronautics, has, since Administrator. tors will buy the best aircraft at the best 1917, developed a wide range of price. If U.S. manufacturers were to incor- precompetitive technologies to address safe- porate the price of meeting international, ty, environmental, and aviation system ca- RESPONSE TO CBO RECOMMENDATION TO ELIMINATE NASA’S SUPPORT FOR PRO- government-established environmental regu- pacity issues, as well as aircraft perform- lations into their products they would quick- ance. The research and technology results, DUCERS OF COMMERCIAL AIRLINERS CBO criticizes NASA’s Advanced Subsonic ly go out of business competing against gov- used by other U.S. Government or commer- ernment-subsidized competition. cial entities, directly benefit air travellers Technology (AST) Program’s goal of main- and the general public while contributing to taining current U.S. market share in sub- ADVANCED SUBSONIC TECHNOLOGY U.S. economic strength and national secu- sonic aircraft. National investment in high-risk, high- rity. NASA’s role is to develop high-risk, Aviation generates almost one million payoff technologies will help ensure contin- high-payoff technologies to a point where high quality jobs in the U.S. and contributes ued U.S. leadership in aviation, which brings feasibility is proven and transfer those to between $25 and $30 billion annually to the significant economic and national security FAA, DOD and U.S. industry. It is up to U.S. U.S. balance of trade—the largest of any U.S. benefits to the Nation. Aviation generates companies to make the substantial invest- manufacturing industry. almost one million high quality jobs in the ments to validate the technologies and in- U.S. aircraft and engine manufacturers U.S. and contributes between $25 and $30 bil- corporate them into specific products and must compete effectively on both cost and lion annually to the U.S. balance of trade— systems. Individual companies simply can- technical capability with government-sub- the largest of any U.S. manufacturing indus- not undertake the high-risk research and sidized foreign competition. Airbus already try. technology development NASA does; invest- claims more than one-third of the commer- NASA addresses a broad range of advanced ments are unrecoverable and often beyond cial aircraft market; their goal is 50% by technology needs for both civil and military the capability of a single company. 2005. aviation. The Advanced Subsonic Tech- Estimates for global aircraft market de- The AST program addresses future tech- nology (AST) program specifically addresses mand over the next 15 to 20 years range from nology needs not only in next-generation future technology needs in next-generation $800 billion to $1 trillion. However, this mar- subsonic aircraft, including small general subsonic aircraft (from large commercial ket could be much smaller if it is con- aviation aircraft and civil tiltrotor as well as jets to small general aviation aircraft) and strained by safety and system capacity and/ large transports, but also for safety and ca- the evolving airspace system. NASA’s role is or an inability to meet more stringent envi- pacity of the evolving airspace system and to develop high-risk, high-payoff ronmental standards. Part of NASA’s aero- environmental concerns. precompetitive technologies to a point where nautics research addresses these issues, i.e., NASA’s role is to develop high-risk, high- feasibility is proven and transfer those to to ensure the largest possible market for payoff precompetitive technologies to a FAA, DOD and U.S. industry. Industry picks which U.S. companies will compete. U.S. point where feasibility is proven and transfer up the technologies, and with its own re- companies currently hold about two-thirds those to FAA, DOD and U.S. industry. Indus- sources continues development, performs of the global market; their primary compet- try picks up the technologies, and with its systems-oriented research and applies them itor, Airbus Industries, is aiming to capture own resources continues development, per- to specific products. a full half of the market in the next 10 years. forms systems-oriented research and applies Recent accomplishments in the AST pro- A recent study by DRI/McGraw-Hill esti- them to specific products. gram include: mates that a 1 percent gain in U.S. market CBO criticizes NASA’s role in High Speed The first integrated engine noise pre- share generates 9,000 jobs (40 percent in aero- Research (HSR). diction code was delivered to industry for space and 60 percent in supporting indus- The technologies required for an environ- use in designing quieter engines to meet fu- tries), $360 million in sales, and $120 million mentally compatible, economically viable ture noise standards. in Federal tax revenue each year. Aviation High Speed Civil Transport (HSCT) aircraft Nondestructive evaluation techniques for contributes between $25 and $30 billion annu- are beyond today’s state-of-the-art. Before detecting corrosion, cracks and disbonds in ally to the U.S. balance of trade, the largest industry can decide whether to invest the aircraft have been licensed to industry to of any U.S. manufacturing industry. roughly $20 billion required to develop an help keep the aging aircraft fleet safe.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7286 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 24, 1995 Tropospheric climatology data has been work by the International Civil Aviation Or- Mr. DOMENICI. I am going to get collected, to assist in understanding long- ganization (ICAO) on setting an HSCT emis- somebody to come to the floor, but I term changes in nitrogen oxides in the lower sions standard. leave this suggestion. I must attend a Engine noise reduction tests and analysis atmosphere caused by aircraft. meeting on the final wrap-up on this Analytical tools to understand aircraft to determine whether an HSCT could comply wake vortices are being developed, which with strict international noise standards bill now, but we would be willing to will contribute to revised safe aircraft land- (Annex 16, Chapter 3 set by ICAO) would be have 5 minutes on a side on the Dodd ing separation standards. stopped. amendment, which I have seen, which An experimental database is improving un- The U.S. share of the global long-range air- essentially is a change on the tax side derstanding the relative acoustic and aero- craft market could drop to under 50%, if of the equation, and spend the tax dynamic benefits of different rotor configu- technology development is stopped and Eu- money in two ways, part of it on enti- rations for future civil tiltrotors. rope is first to market with a successful tlement programs for education and FY 1995 Budget: $125.8 million. HSCT. This would result in larger trade defi- FY 1996 Budget: $188.4 million. cits and the loss of hundreds of thousands of part on discretionary, and we would Possible impact of significant reduction/ high-skill, high-wage jobs. If the U.S. is first take 5 minutes on our side on that, 10 termination: to market, the U.S. market share could grow minutes each here. Then I would au- Efforts to develop technologies to increase to nearly 80%, and crate $200 billion sales thorize somebody to enter into that the capacity of the airspace system, increas- and 140,000 new jobs. agreement in my behalf in my absence. ing safety and expanding the aircraft mar- Mr. DODD. If my colleague will yield, ket, would be severely curtailed. Weather FISCAL YEAR 1996 ESTIMATED TOTAL AERONAUTICS I wonder if I might get a couple of min- and capacity delays cost airline operators utes on the Snowe amendment itself. Is $3.5 billion a year, and cause untold hours of EMPLOYMENT BY STATE unproductive time for the travelling public. that a possibility? Of the time you Total have? Technologies to ensure that the aging air- OA rank State employ- Funding craft fleet (25% of planes flying today are ment (millions) Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I can- more than 20 years old) remains safe and not hold the Senator to this, but if the cost-effective would not be developed. 1 ...... California ...... 4,783 $382.6 2 ...... Ohio ...... 2,564 205.5 Senator will talk about the Snowe U.S. efforts to develop rational positions 3 ...... Virginia ...... 1,466 117.3 amendment and not about education in on proposed international environmental 4 ...... Washington ...... 519 41.5 general, that would be fine. The Sen- regulations would be hampered by not devel- 5 ...... Maryland ...... 356 28.5 6 ...... Texas ...... 263 21.0 ator wants to speak against that oping better understanding of aircraft noise 7 ...... Connecticut ...... 193 15.4 amendment? and pollution effects and technologies to 8 ...... Wisconsin ...... 171 13.7 minimize those effects. 9 ...... District of Columbia ...... 165 13.2 Mr. DODD. I do. 10 ...... Georgia ...... 113 9.0 Mr. DOMENICI. If I am going to give The only technology development efforts 11 ...... Massachusetts ...... 106 8.5 in the U.S. for general aviation, commuter 12 ...... New York ...... 84 6.7 the Senator time against it, I want him and civil tiltrotor aircraft would be termi- 13 ...... Pennsylvania ...... 73 5.8 to be against it. 14 ...... Florida ...... 70 5.6 nated. 15 ...... Indiana ...... 60 4.8 Mr. DODD. I intend to be against the The ability of U.S. aircraft and engine 16 ...... Missouri ...... 56 4.5 Snowe amendment. manufacturers to compete effectively on 17 ...... Colorado ...... 39 3.1 18 ...... Illinois ...... 38 3.0 Mr. DOMENICI. And the Senator will both cost and technical capability with gov- 19 ...... Tennessee ...... 28 2.2 speak against it? ernment-subsidized foreign competition 20 ...... North Carolina ...... 26 2.1 would be seriously hampered. Airbus already Other ...... 226 18.2 Mr. DODD. Absolutely. Mr. DOMENICI. All right, I yield claims more than one-third of the commer- Total ...... 11,399 911.9 cial aircraft market, and their goal is one- Senator DODD 2 minutes of my time. half by 2005. Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, how Mr. WELLSTONE. I wonder if my HIGH SPEED RESEARCH much time remains? colleague from New Mexico, upon con- NASA’s High Speed Research (HSR) Pro- The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. dition that I speak against the Snowe gram is performing the early, high-risk tech- DEWINE). The Senator from New Mex- amendment, would grant me time? nology development for an environmentally ico has 13 minutes, and the Senator Mr. DOMENICI. I will give the Sen- compatible, economically competitive high from Maine has 17 minutes. ator 2 minutes of my time. speed civil transport (HSCT) aircraft. Such a Mr. DOMENICI. Might I ask the dis- How much did I give the Senator? plane would fly at more than twice the speed tinguished Senator from Maine, does Mr. DODD. The Senator did not. of sound and carry 300 passengers over 5000 she need all 17 minutes? We are trying Mr. DOMENICI. I give the Senator 2 nautical miles at fares close to today’s sub- minutes of my time. Each Senator gets sonic aircraft (747, DC–10, etc.). Before indus- to expedite things. try can decide whether to make the roughly Ms. SNOWE. Yes. 2 minutes in opposition and that will $20 billion investment to develop an HSCT, Mr. DOMENICI. I wonder if we might keep 6 for me, and then Senator SNOWE some level of confidence must be established reach this agreement. I understand has the full 10 minutes to speak to the that it could meet international noise and there is one second-degree amendment Senator’s amendment. emissions standards, and that airline opera- contemplated. I assume that we could Mr. EXON. Is that in the form of a tors would be able to operate it profitably. enter into a unanimous-consent agree- unanimous-consent request? The technologies to achieve this are beyond ment about that. Mr. DOMENICI. The Senator said he today’s state-of-the-art. The HSR program Let me ask Senator SNOWE, could she needed some time. Is he willing to do was designed to eliminate the highest risks that? and ensure U.S. leadership in this important get by with 10 minutes? arena. Ms. SNOWE. Yes. Mr. EXON. That is agreeable to those Recent accomplishments: Mr. DOMENICI. I could use 10 min- on this side. Completed research campaign in the South utes. Then we could move to a second- Mr. DOMENICI. Let us give it a try. Pacific to characterize the stratosphere for degree amendment by Senator DODD Mr. KENNEDY. Reserving the right incorporation in atmospheric simulation for 5 minutes on a side. to object, and I do not intend to object, models which will be used to determine the Mr. EXON. First, the second-degree will the result of that proposal ensure potential impact of future HSCT aircraft. amendment by Mr. DODD, as I under- that we will have an opportunity to Achieved test goal for low-emission engine stand it, is the same second-degree vote on the Dodd amendment in a combustors (NOX level of 5g/kg fuel burned— the Concorde emissions index is 20g/kg) amendment being considered by the timely way? Demonstrated a process to fabricate up to Senator from Minnesota, and also the Mr. DOMENICI. Sure. We will not 10 feet per minute of fiber/resin composite Senator from Massachusetts. Is that amend it. We do not guarantee that material suitable for high temperature use, correct? We are talking about one sec- somebody will not table it, but we will making the essential use of these materials ond-degree amendment? have a vote on it and we will agree to for an HSCT affordable. Mr. DODD. Yes. stack it in the normal way that we are FY 1995 Budget: $221.3 million. Mr. EXON. Certainly, we would doing the others. FY 1996 Budget: $245.5 million. agree. We will need about 2 minutes for Mr. KENNEDY. So it would be treat- Possible impact of significant reduction/ termination: the negotiations that are going on. I ed as a second-degree amendment? Interim assessment of atmospheric effects think we are pretty close to making an Mr. DOMENICI. Exactly. of a supersonic aircraft fleet would not be arrangement along the lines that you Mr. KENNEDY. In that particular completed. This assessment is to support outlined. order.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00006 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7287 Mr. DOMENICI. Correct. with the Snowe-Abraham amendment, The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Let us try this, Mr. President. First offers education too little too late, I ator from Minnesota is recognized for 2 of all, I am going to yield 2 minutes in would say, Mr. President. minutes. opposition to the Snowe amendment to It is too little in that it offers stu- Mr. WELLSTONE. Mr. President, Senator DODD, 2 minutes to Senator dents an umbrella in the midst of the last year in Minnesota over 14,000 stu- WELLSTONE, and I reserve the remain- hurricane they face with this budget dents received assistance from the Fed- der for myself. proposal, even if this amendment were eral Stafford Loan Program—14,000 stu- The total amount of time that is to be adopted. It will provide some pro- dents. going to be used on the Snowe amend- tection but it is the thinnest of fig I just rise to speak in opposition to ment—and we yield back whatever leaves in that the committee will still the Snowe amendment and say that I other time we have—is 10 minutes by have to eliminate $7.5 billion from stu- am proud to be an original cosponsor of Senator SNOWE and a total of 10 min- dent loan programs. the Dodd amendment. utes in opposition, of which 4 have just I have been through a number of rec- Mr. President, this is, indeed, too lit- been allocated. onciliations on the Labor Committee tle too late. What we are faced with The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there and make no mistake about it—there is right now are some really draconian objection? Without objection, it is so only one place you can find $7.5 billion, cuts that will do irreparable harm to ordered. and that is in student loans. There is higher education in America. In the Mr. DOMENICI. Let me move on then no other place within our committee’s second-degree amendment we are going to a unanimous-consent request. There jurisdiction. And so we will be faced to introduce, we focus on corporate will only be one second-degree amend- with looking ways to cut loans for welfare or tax expenditures. ment. It shall be an amendment offered working-class families, middle-class Mr. President, I would far prefer for by Senator DODD which has been de- families many who do not qualify for some of the oil companies, some of the scribed here and presented to the Sen- Pell grants, do not have the personal large pharmaceutical or insurance ator from New Mexico. There will be 5 affluence, and yet long for the better companies or large financial institu- minutes on a side, 5 minutes by Sen- life that higher education can offer tions to be tightening their belts and ator DODD, 5 minutes in opposition, ei- their children. And these will be the to be a part of the sacrifice than I ther by myself or Senator SNOWE. We Americans who bear the brunt of these would go forward with deep cuts in fi- will then proceed to an amendment by cuts. nancial assistance for higher edu- Senator HATFIELD immediately after Now, these cuts may take many cation. that. And when the time has expired on forms. It could come from the elimi- I cannot think of a more important the second-degree amendment—there nation of the in-school interest subsidy middle-class issue as a former college shall be no other second-degree amend- which can amount to additional costs professor than this issue. ments—we will then stack the second- of as much as $4,000 for a working fam- I do not have time, but if I had time degree amendment pursuant to the pre- ily in this country; it could come I could recite story after story after vious understanding, that the leader through increased fees, through the story after story of students who have will arrange the order and there will be elimination of the 6-month grace pe- written letters to me and made phone a vote on or about the Dodd amend- riod, or an increase in the interest on calls saying for God sake, please do not ment in the stacked order. student loans or any combination of deny us the opportunity to have an af- Mr. EXON. I certainly do not object. those, again all money out of students’ fordable higher education. No matter I would just simply wish to expand this pockets. The bottom line is students how you cut it, that is what these cuts in order to move things along. We are and families are going to pay dearly as are all about. I do not even have a prepared to consider time agreements a result of what is in this budget, even chance in the 2 minutes to talk about now on both the Hatfield amendment if we adopt the Snowe-Abraham earlier education which is, of course, and the amendment following that to amendment. equally important. These cuts in higher education are be offered by Senator BOXER. This amendment is also too late, Mr. Is the Senator from New Mexico in a President, because the amendment myopic. These cuts are profoundly mis- position to talk about time agreements only addresses the end of the education taken for our country. These cuts will on the Hatfield amendment? pipeline, higher education. Our world have an accrual effect on students all Mr. DOMENICI. I am going to a class higher education sector is in no across the across the nation from Ohio meeting right now at which I think the way secure if our efforts in college to Minnesota, and the Snowe amend- Senator will be in attendance, and I preparation, elementary and secondary ment in that respect is really just a lit- will seek some relief on time. schools, Head Start and other areas are tle bit more than symbolic—too little, Mr. EXON. I thank the Senator. going to be severely undercut. too late. We can do much, much better Mr. DOMENICI. I yield the floor at This amendment is sort of the double in how we sort out our priorities. this time. whammy for these critical discre- I yield the floor. Mr. MURKOWSKI addressed the The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there tionary programs. Not only does it not Chair. objection? Without objection, it is so address the cuts proposed in these pro- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- ordered. grams, it also further cuts into discre- ator from Alaska. The Senator from Connecticut. tionary programs to offset the reduc- Mr. MURKOWSKI. How much time is Mr. DODD. Mr. President, I rise this tion it makes on the mandatory side. remaining on our side? morning to express my objection to the Mr. President, we will offer a second The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Snowe-Abraham amendment. This degree amendment as an alternative ator from Maine has 10 minutes. The amendment proposes to restore some which offsets $28 billion in cuts in edu- opposition now has 6. $6.3 billion in education, specifically to cation with very specific plugging of Mr. MURKOWSKI. I thank the Chair. reduce the Labor Committee’s instruc- corporate loopholes which we can iden- I would yield such time as the Senator tion by this amount in an effort to tify specifically, which Mr. KASICH on from Maine may need on the available stave off severe cuts in student loans. the House side identified as areas that time. Let me at the outset say I appreciate should be looked at in the effort to bal- Ms. SNOWE. I thank the Senator the fact that there is at least some rec- ance our Federal budget. from Alaska. ognition of the fact we ought to be try- So I would urge rejection of this The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- ing to restore some of these critical amendment, with all due respect. We ator from Maine. funds in education. will have a substitute that will allow Ms. SNOWE. I found quite interesting Education has always been an issue for this body to vote on truly whether the debate that has been offered here that has transcended politics in many or not they want to see these working- today on my amendment. ways. There has been a deep commit- class families in this country get a First of all, just to recap my amend- ment historically to it on both sides of break when it comes to education. ment, it is to restore $6.3 billion in the the aisle, and yet the Budget Com- Mr. WELLSTONE addressed the education account. And, yes, we do pro- mittee proposal that is before us, even Chair. vide specific offsets. That should be no

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00007 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7288 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 24, 1995 surprise if you are attempting to pro- an adequate grace period, then you say every Senator wants to balance the vide a credible alternative. support the Snowe amendment. budget. I suggest, Mr. President, that And that is why I am somewhat con- And, I should add who the cosponsors is not true. I suggest that they want fused by the debate here this morning, are of my amendment: Senator KASSE- people to think they want to balance because I heard from the Senator from BAUM, Senator LOTT, Senator COHEN, the budget, but what it gets down to is Ohio that my offsets are binding but Senator ABRAHAM, Senator BROWN, they are basically traditional big then we heard from the Senator from Senator GRASSLEY, Senator CHAFEE, spenders and big taxers and they want Massachusetts that they are not bind- and Senator KEMPTHORNE. the status quo. They want to keep Gov- ing. In fact, I ask unanimous consent to ernment going as it has been going. Well, I think we all understand the add Senator KEMPTHORNE from Idaho To demonstrate this, I am going to true nature of the budget process in as a cosponsor of this amendment. tell you, Mr. President, who is going to the Congress. No, the instructions in The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without be voting against this. The same people the budget resolution are not binding. objection, it is so ordered. who will be voting against it today are But if you are attempting to provide Ms. SNOWE. Mr. President, I reserve the ones that voted for and are the real numbers to demonstrate that they the remainder of my time. right-to-know supporters. These are are credible, then it is responsible to Mr. MURKOWSKI addressed the the ones that did not want a balanced recommend some specific offsets. Chair. budget amendment to the Constitu- It is also true the committees do not The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- tion. have to follow those instructions. I un- ator from Alaska. So during that debate, I character- derstand that and the cosponsors of Mr. MURKOWSKI. How much time is ized who these people are who do not this amendment understand that. But remaining on this side? want a balanced budget amendment to we want to make sure that everybody The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- the Constitution and today do not want understands that there is a way to ator from Alaska has 6 minutes re- a balanced budget. I suggest to you reach those numbers. That is what is maining. they are the ones that can be identified important. Mr. MURKOWSKI. I yield 6 minutes with a voting behavior of taxing and The second issue is whether or not to my friend from Oklahoma. spending. you live in a fiscal fantasy land. The Mr. INHOFE. I thank the Senator And I use as my examples the tax bill difference between the amendment from Alaska. of 1993, the tax bill that was a Clinton that I am offering here today with the Mr. President, last night, when we bill that some people are touting as the cosponsors of this amendment and were watching the discussion take great deficit reduction bill. In fact, it those who oppose it is we support a bal- place, a comment was made by the did not reduce any programs. All it did anced budget. If you support a balanced Senator from Wyoming that the debate was increase taxes, the largest tax in- budget, you have to make some is getting redundant on this budget; crease in history—$267 billion. That is choices. If you do not support a bal- that we have heard about every argu- not what the American people wanted. anced budget, you do not have to make ment there is to hear and now we are It was an increase in taxes on all seg- any choices. You can spend in an un- working on repetition to try to drive it ments of society, a Social Security tax limited fashion. in. increase for thousands of Social Secu- The amendment that they will be of- It occurred to me that it sounded rity recipients. It was a 70-percent in- fering will recommend reducing cor- very much like the debate that we had crease. Yet, these individuals who will porate welfare and tax loopholes. You on the balanced budget amendment to vote today against this balanced budg- cannot object to that. But exactly how the Constitution. At that time, people et are the ones who voted for that tax are we going to reach that goal? They were standing up and saying, ‘‘Well, increase. do not specify. No, they do not want to give us the details. Give us the details. Then along came the Clinton stim- specify, because they do not want to Where do you want to make cuts? What ulus program. It was characterized by a receive any opposition to those specific do you want to do with Medicare and Democrat in this body as the largest offsets, just as they do not support a Social Security,’’ and all the conten- single spending increase in the history balanced budget because they do not tious items that we can so easily dem- of public finance in America or any- want to make any real choices as to agog? where in the world. Such things as the how we get there. So that is the dif- I can suggest right now we have the $2.5 billion for swimming pools, park- ference. details. But I wanted to take a couple ing lots, ice rink warming huts, alpine My amendment is a credible amend- of minutes this morning to share one ski lifts, and other pork barrel ment. It restores specific funding for thing with you, and that is we know projects; $1 billion for summer jobs, specific issues with respect to student pretty much how it is going to come $1.1 billion for AIDS treatment and loan assistance. Yes, I would like to do out. We know who is going to vote for food distribution, on and on and on, all more. But there are those on my side it and who is going to vote against it. these spending increases that sup- saying, ‘‘You are doing too much,’’ and And we know why. posedly were going to stimulate the then I hear from the other side of the First of all, the argument has been economy. aisle who say, ‘‘No, you are not doing used that there are cuts. We have So I characterized those individuals enough.’’ Well, I think my amendment talked about this over and over again. who voted for those two bills and also is somewhere in the middle. Hopefully, They are not cuts in the Medicare sys- who are rated as big spenders. There we will do more in the final analysis. tem. We are talking about a growth are a number of corporations that rate The amendments that have been of- factor that is built in. And the same big spenders. The main one is the Na- fered to restore funding for education thing is true with all the other areas tional Taxpayers Union. So I looked at have used the illusory dividend. Well, that people are very much concerned those individuals who cosponsored the that is just gimmickry at this point. with. Right To Know Act which was the one That dividend may come down at the What we are trying to do is take this to demolish, to do away with, the bal- end of this process when reconciliation one last golden opportunity that we anced budget amendment and stop our is in place. That does not give adequate have—this is it, our chance to fulfill effort for a balanced budget. instructions to the committee. It is not that obligation that the American peo- I found, of all the 41 cosponsors, all 41 money that they can use right now and ple gave to us back on November 8 with voted yes on the biggest spending bill everybody knows it. a mandate. The No. 1 mandate was to in the history of this body. And all 41 So if we really want to restore fund- balance the budget. This is an oppor- of those individuals had a National ing to education, if we really want to tunity to do it. The House has already Taxpayer Union rating of D or F. address the home and farm equity issue done theirs. All we have to do is do it So, Mr. President, I think that we so that it is not used to determine here. I think the votes are here to do have had a lot of debate on this. But one’s income eligibility for student it. when it gets right down to it, the bot- loans, if we want to keep the origina- But I have heard people stand up, tom line is this: Those individuals who tion fee at 3 percent, if we want to have such as one Senator the other day, and are trying to hold on to the past, those

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00008 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7289 who are trying with white knuckles to our goals as identified in this amend- to the Federal Aviation Administra- hold on to the status quo, those who ment. tion, the Department of Defense, and did not hear the mandate that was so I think that it is very, very impor- U.S. industry. It is estimated that the loud and clear on November 8, 1994, are tant that we restore some of the fund- first organization to market such an going to be voting for big spending, big ing in the education accounts. It is aircraft stands to gain $200 billion in government, tax increases, spending in- something that I argued within the sales and 140,000 new jobs. In short, this creases and vote against the balanced Budget Committee during the time in program accomplishes three goals that budget that we have up before us which we were assembling this resolu- are vital to the United States’ finan- today. tion. I wish it were more, but I also un- cial solvency: First, it increases new I believe it will pass, because those derstand the delicate balance in jobs, which increases the country’s tax individuals who are for the status quo crafting this budget resolution to reach base; second, it generates sales for U.S. are now in a minority. the historic goal of balancing the budg- industry, which increases the country’s Thank you, Mr. President. I yield the et by the year 2002. GNP, and, in so doing, increases the floor. I wish that we could identify other country’s tax base; and third, it insures Mrs. HUTCHISON addressed the areas and perhaps that will ultimately the United States’ continued leader- Chair. develop in the process. Maybe the divi- ship in this field, thus forecasting fu- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- dend down the road, but that dividend ture revenues. ator from Texas. is not here today, and I think every- Likewise, the Advanced Subsonic Mrs. HUTCHISON. How much time is body should understand that. The divi- Technology Program generates sub- remaining on our side? dend is not available to be used because stantial long-term revenue benefits. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Twenty- it is not there yet. We have to pass a This program is designed to protect the United States’ market share in sub- two seconds in opposition; and 61⁄2 min- balanced budget plan and reconcili- sonic aircraft, an area which generates utes for the Senator from Maine. ation has to become law for the Con- almost a million high quality jobs in Mrs. HUTCHISON. Six-and-a-half gressional Budget Office to score a po- the United States and contributes be- minutes remaining for the Senator tential dividend. That will materialize tween $25 and $30 billion annually to from Maine? over 7 years, so that is not money that the U.S. trade balance—which, inciden- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Six-and- can be used by the Appropriations tally is the largest of any U.S. manu- a-half minutes remaining. Committee or considered by the au- facturing industry. These programs are Ms. SNOWE addressed the Chair. thorization committees as they develop moneymakers, and to eliminate them The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. their programmatic changes. BURNS). The Senator from Maine. for any reason is fiscally irresponsible. So it does not make sense and it is This is particularly true under the Ms. SNOWE. Mr. President, since I gimmickry to suggest that we are have a few remaining moments on my present circumstances, where the going to use an illusory estimate. So if chairman’s budget adequately address- amendment, I think it is important to you hear about amendments, as we will restate the case of how essential it is es the concerns raised by Senator hear from others this morning, about SNOWE. Senator SNOWE’S amendment to restore funding to education, and restoring funding by using this divi- seeks to restore $6.3 billion over 7 years the difference in the amendments that dend, it means nothing because it is for undergraduate loans—$1.124 billion are being offered this morning is a dif- not available and it is not there yet. of this from the termination of the ference between being able to realisti- So if you support restoring $6.3 bil- NASA programs. cally restore funding to education or lion in education and doing it in a re- However, the chairman’s resolution not, because you will hear from the sponsible way, then I hope you will protects undergraduate student loans. other side in presenting an amendment support the Snowe amendment that is Under Chairman DOMENICI’S resolution, that there will not really be any spe- cosponsored by 10 Members of the Sen- interest on loans for undergraduate cific offsets. While it is true that my ate. education does not accrue until grad- offsets are not binding on the com- Mr. BURNS. Mr. President, the Dodd uation. So, for all students who enter mittee, at least we are being respon- second-degree amendment is, in effect, the work force immediately after col- sible in the approach that we are tak- an increase in taxes and I am opposed lege, nothing has changed. With regard ing. to any increase in tax. to individuals who choose to pursue I think this amendment is critical However, I am also opposed to the graduate or professional coursework, because it does provide $6.3 billion. It Snowe amendment. interest would not accrue on their col- will be protecting some very serious Let me begin by stating that I am a lege debt until they complete this student loan assistance programs, and strong supporter of educational fund- coursework. Chairman DOMENICI’s reso- I want to make sure that the low- and ing. I am firmly opposed to the drastic lution does change the present student middle-income families are not af- cuts in educational programs and fund- loan program with respect to deferring fected by any changes in the student ing which is outlined in the House interest payments accruing upon grad- loan programs. resolution. I believe that these cuts, uate and professional coursework. I also want to ensure that the Labor while well-intentioned, are short- However, this burden is lessened by the and Human Resources Committee has sighted. Such cuts ignore the long- chairman’s budget by preserving the the ability to protect the student loan term benefits of preparing America’s benefits of capped interest rates on stu- assistance programs in the way that we children to assume their position in dent loans, federal guarantees, oppor- have recommended in this amendment, the world market, and for that reason tunities to defer payments in case of so that they will not feel compelled to I oppose those cuts. economic hardship, and Federal fellow- include home and farm equity in deter- By the same token, however, I be- ship programs targeted specifically to- mining one’s income eligibility, they lieve that Senator SNOWE’S amendment ward graduate students. will not feel compelled to raise the is shortsighted. I believe that we, as The Snowe amendment ignores the origination fee from 3 to 5 percent, and guardians of our children’s future, are long-term impact that terminating they will not feel compelled to elimi- charged with the moral obligation to these programs would have upon the nate an adequate grace period. not only educate our children but also U.S. balance of trade, the GNP and its I know there are some who are op- to insure that there will be jobs avail- consequent U.S. Treasury implication, posed to the offsets, but the commit- able for them to assume once they have and the generation of jobs in America. tees are the ones who are ultimately been educated. To ignore either is irre- Consequently, I oppose this amend- responsible for the way in which we sponsible. ment, and urge my fellow colleagues to provide the restoration of funds. They Now let us take a look at what is on do the same. have the options to pursue other the table. The High-Speed Research Mr. President, I yield the floor. courses. Program was designed to develop AMENDMENT NO. 1128 The fact of the matter is, we have to precompetitive technologies for high- Ms. MIKULSKI. Mr. President, I rise take a responsible course by recom- speed civil transport aircraft. Once de- in opposition to the amendment offered mending ways in which we can reach veloped, the technology is transferred by Senator SNOWE and others that

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00009 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7290 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 24, 1995 would reduce funding for NASA’s Aero- loss of hundreds of thousands of high- cannot support this amendment which nautics Program by $1.1 billion over skilled, high-wage jobs. If the U.S. wins would set an unacceptable precedent the next 5 years. The $1.1 billion reduc- this race, the U.S. market share for for funding mandatory programs with tion proposed in the Snowe amendment commercial aircraft could grow to nonmilitary discretionary program for Aeronautics is in addition to the nearly 80 percent, and create $200 bil- cuts. $800 million reduction proposed for lion in sales and 140,000 new jobs. Mr. DODD. Mr. President, has all NASA’s Aeronautics Program that is Mr. President, I happen to believe time been yielded back? included in the chairman’s mark. that the best social program is a job, The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- The effect of the Snowe amendment and that job creation in America must ator from Maine has 21⁄2 minutes re- would be to eliminate NASA’s Ad- be linked to our manufacturing base. maining. vanced Subsonic Technology Develop- Manufacturing in the new economy of Mrs. HUTCHISON. Mr. President, we ment and High-Speed Research pro- a post-cold war era will require high yield back the remainder of our time. grams which make up the core of technology and competitiveness in the The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the NASA’s Aeronautics program. global marketplace. Senator from Maine yield back her Mr. President, the aeronautics indus- America’s future in manufacturing time? try contributes over 1 million high begins and ends with aeronautics. Com- Ms. SNOWE. I yield back the remain- quality jobs to the U.S. economy and mercial aviation is one of the few areas der of my time. generates $20 to $30 billion in exports of manufacturing where the U.S. con- The PRESIDING OFFICER. All time each year. But U.S. aircraft and engine tinues to export more than we import, has been yielded back. manufacturers must compete on both and where we are able to provide high- Mr. DODD addressed the Chair. cost and technical capability against skilled, high quality jobs for American The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- government-subsidized foreign com- workers. ator from Connecticut. Mr. President, I do not intend to let petition. AMENDMENT NO. 1131 TO AMENDMENT NO. 1128 The European Airbus Consortium al- our commercial aviation industry go the way of the VCR, the automobile, or (Purpose: To restore $28 billion in outlays ready claims more than one-third of over seven years to reduce by $16 billion the commercial aircraft market, a the textile industry. I intend to fight the discretionary cuts proposed in edu- market once dominated by U.S. manu- to keep the U.S. aeronautics industry cation and reduce the reconciliation in- facturers. The goal of Airbus is to con- competitive so that we preserve the structions to the Committee on Labor and trol 50 percent of the global market by jobs we have and the job opportunities Human Resources (primarily affecting stu- the year 2005. needed for the 21st century. dent loans) by $12 billion by closing cor- I do not intend to let the Europeans The Snowe amendment would reduce porate tax loopholes) accomplish their goal, Mr. President. funding for NASA’s Aeronautics Pro- Mr. DODD. Mr. President, I send a gram by two-thirds over the next 5 That is why, when I was chair of the substitute to the desk and ask for its years. The amendment is shortsighted VA–HUD Appropriations Sub- immediate consideration. and threatens our ability to develop a committee, I pushed NASA to expand The PRESIDING OFFICER. The manufacturing strategy for this Na- their research and technology efforts clerk will report. tion. The bill clerk read as follows: in aeronautics. I urge my colleagues to oppose this NASA’s Advanced Subsonic Tech- The Senator from Connecticut [Mr. DODD], amendment. I yield the floor. for himself, Mr. HARKIN, Mr. HOLLINGS, Mr. nology program specifically addresses Mr. BYRD. Mr. President, I oppose future technology needs in next-gen- KENNEDY, Mr. JEFFORDS, Mr. PELL, Mr. the amendment offered by my distin- WELLSTONE, and Mr. SIMON, proposes an eration subsonic aircraft—from large guished colleague from Maine, Senator amendment numbered 1131 to amendment commercial jets to small general avia- SNOWE. I, too, am concerned about the No. 1128. tion aircraft—and the evolving air- deep cuts—$14.6 billion over 7 years—in Mr. DODD. Mr. President, I ask unan- space system. NASA’s role is to de- the William D. Ford Federal Direct imous consent that the reading of the velop high-risk, high-payoff pre-com- Loan and Federal Family Education amendment be dispensed with. petitive technologies to prove tech- Loan Programs which make it possible The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without nical feasibility and then transfer for many of our young people to pursue objection, it is so ordered. these new technologies to the FAA, a higher education. The amendment is as follows: DOD, and U.S. industry. However, I cannot support an amend- Elimination of the Advanced Sub- Strike all after line 1 and insert: ment to restore funding for mandatory On page 3, line 10, increase the amount by sonic Technology program would ter- programs, such as the $6.3 billion for $5,100,000,000. minate NASA’s efforts to develop tech- these student loan programs, by cut- On page 3, line 11, increase the amount by nologies to increase the capacity of the ting nonmilitary discretionary pro- $3,400,000,000. airspace system, to ensure that the ex- grams by an equal amount. In other On page 3, line 12, increase the amount by isting aging aircraft fleet remains safe words, it would not cut military spend- $3,600,000,000. and cost-effective, and that the tech- ing at all, even though it is the only On page 3, line 13, increase the amount by $3,800,000,000. nologies needed for U.S. industry to area of the discretionary budget that meet international environmental, On page 3, line 14, increase the amount by will not be cut under this budget reso- $4,00,000,000. noise, and pollution regulations are lution. Not only is this robbing Peter On page 3, line 15, increase the amount by available. to pay Paul, it violates the Budget En- $4,000,000,000. Mr. President, the Snowe amendment forcement Act of 1990 which prohibits On page 3, line 16, increase the amount by would also wipe out NASA’s High offsetting tax cuts or mandatory pro- $4,100,000,000. Speed Research program which is con- gram expansions with cuts in discre- On page 3, line 20, increase the amount by ducting the early, high-risk technology tionary programs. $5,100,000,000. development needed for an environ- In addition, it is not growth in non- On page 3, line 21, increase the amount by mentally compatible and economically $3,400,000,000. military discretionary programs which On page 3, line 22, increase the amount by competitive high speed civil transport is driving up the Federal deficit. This $3,600,000,000. (HSCT). The goal of this program is de- spending has been at a hard freeze or On page 3, line 23, increase the amount by velop a plane that would fly at more below since 1993. The budget resolution $3,800,000,000. than twice the speed of sound and before us would cut nonmilitary discre- On page 3, line 24, increase the amount by carry 300 passengers over 5,000 nautical tionary programs nearly $200 billion $4,000,000,000. miles at fares competitive with exist- below a freeze over the next 7 years. On page 3, line 25, increase the amount by ing subsonic aircraft. Meanwhile, mandatory programs and $4,000,000,000. Mr. President, the stakes associated On page 4, line 1, increase the amount by tax expenditures will continue to $4,100,000,000. with the development of the HSCT are grow—the latter with no restraint at On page 4, line 18, increase the amount by enormous. If the Europeans are the all under this budget resolution. $5,100,000,000. first to market an HSCT, it will cost No one understands the value of a On page 4, line 19, increase the amount by the U.S. larger trade deficits and the higher education better than I, but I $3,400,000,000.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00010 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7291 On page 4, line 20, increase the amount by On page 65, line 18, increase the amount by U.S. firms from U.S. taxes, which $3,600,000,000. $4,000,000,000. should apply to that income. This On page 4, line 21, increase the amount by On page 65, line 24, increase the amount by change alone generates $26 billion. If $3,800,000,000. $2,400,000,000. On page 4, line 22, increase the amount by On page 65, line 25, increase the amount by you do not want to take all $26 billion, $4,000,000,000. $2,000,000,000. you can reduce that somewhat, since I On page 4, line 23, increase the amount by On page 66, line 6, increase the amount by offer a total of $65 billion in offsets. I $4,000,000,000. $2,000,000,000. understand it may be important to On page 4, line 24, increase the amount by On page 66, line 7, increase the amount by some firms, but we are making tough $4,100,000,000. $2,000,000,000. choices around here. So you have to On page 5, line 4, increase the amount by On page 66, line 13, increase the amount by ask yourself on this one: Should we $2,000,000,000. $5,100,000,000. modify that tax loophole to some de- On page 5, line 5, increase the amount by On page 66, line 14, increase the amount by $3,400,000,000. $2,000,000,000. gree to help pay for the education On page 5, line 6, increase the amount by On page 66, line 20, increase the amount by needs of America? That is my second $3,600,000,000. $2,000,000,000. tax loophole. On page 5, line 7, increase the amount by On page 66, line 21, increase the amount by My third permits U.S. exporters to $3,800,000,000. $2,000,000,000. exempt a portion of their export in- On page 5, line 8, increase the amount by On page 67, line 2, increase the amount by come from U.S. taxation—the House $4,000,000,000. $2,000,000,000. Budget Committee’s figures suggest On page 5, line 9, increase the amount by On page 67, line 3, increase the amount by $4,000,000,000. $2,000,000,000. that this would generate an additional On page 5, line 10, increase the amount by On page 67, line 9, increase the amount by $10.9 billion. Again, you do not have to $4,100,000,000. $2,000,000,000. take all of it here, since there is the On page 5, line 17, increase the amount by On page 67, line 10, increase the amount by other part of the total $65 billion. But $28,300,000,000. $2,000,000,000. can’t we take some of that money and On page 5, line 18, increase the amount by Mr. DODD. Mr. President, I offer this try and restore these funds for the edu- $3,800,000,000. substitute amendment to the Snowe- cational needs of America? On page 5, line 19, increase the amount by Abraham amendment on behalf of my- And last, Mr. President, the one that $3,600,000,000. self and Senators HARKIN, HOLLINGS, On page 5, line 20, increase the amount by provides $26.3 billion is one that inter- $3,800,000,000. KENNEDY, JEFFORDS, PELL, WELLSTONE, acts with the foreign tax credit provi- On page 5, line 21, increase the amount by and SIMON. sions in a way that can effectively ex- $4,000,000,000. As I understand it, there are now 5 empt a portion of a firm’s export in- On page 5, line 22, increase the amount by minutes to be allocated on either side? come from U.S. taxation. It is called $4,000,000,000. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- the inventory property sales source On page 5, line 23, increase the amount by ator is correct. rule exemption. The title is vague to $4,100,000,000. Mr. DODD. Mr. President, I offer this me, but there is what Mr. KASICH said On page 6, line 16, increase the amount by amendment which will restore $28 bil- $5,100,000,000. it does. On page 6, line 17, increase the amount by lion to our education programs. This is So $26.3 billion, $10.9 billion, $26.4 bil- $3,400,000,000. substantially less than the amendment lion and $2.1 billion—that is $65.7 bil- On page 6, line 18, increase the amount by that was offered yesterday by several lion. I would like to get just $28 billion $3,600,000,000. of my colleagues, but this amendment out of that $65 billion to try and shield On page 6, line 19, increase the amount by would reduce the committee’s instruc- students and families from the crush- $3,800,000,000. tion and, thereby, the cuts in student ing blow of these education cuts—and On page 6, line 20, increase the amount by loans by $12 billion and restore $16 bil- preserve their access to higher edu- $4,000,000,000. lion in discretionary cuts in education. On page 6, line 21, increase the amount by cation and continue our partnerships $4,000,000,000. This amendment is also deficit neu- with schools and communities across On page 6, line 22, increase the amount by tral. While certainly in these resolu- this country in elementary and sec- $4,100,000,000. tions it is ultimately up to the com- ondary education. On page 31, line 12, increase the amount by mittees of jurisdiction as to where spe- That is the choice: Whether you want $28,300,000,000. cifically they will make their cuts, I to keep these tax loopholes or restore On page 31, line 20, increase the amount by offset this $28 billion and suggest spe- the $28 billion. We all make tough deci- $3,800,000,000. cifically four areas within the Tax sions. On page 32, line 3, increase the amount by Code that would provide up to $65.7 bil- ASICH $3,600,000,000. Again, this is Mr. K ’s list, this On page 32, line 11, increase the amount by lion in revenues currently lost through is not my list. These are the provisions $3,800,000,000. corporate tax loopholes. he suggested that we ought to be look- On page 32, line 19, increase the amount by These areas were identified in a list ing at as a way to try to deal with def- $4,000,000,000. of corporate tax loopholes compiled by icit reduction. My amendment allows On page 33, line 2, increase the amount by the chairman of the Budget Committee us to take these steps while simulta- $4,000,000,000. on the House side, Mr. KASICH from neously making the kinds of invest- On page 33, line 10, increase the amount by Ohio. Let me identify them specifi- ments families across America need— $4,100,000,000. On page 31, line 13, increase the amount by cally. $12 billion to protect the student loan $5,100,000,000. You can pick $28 billion out of the program and $16 billion to support crit- On page 31, line 21, increase the amount by $65.7 billion they would garner. The ical discretionary programs like Pell $3,400,000,000. issue is choosing between these tax grants, title I, and Head Start. Fami- On page 32, line 4, increase the amount by loopholes or investing in the education lies and students need that kind of $3,600,000,000. of children in this country who need help. On page 32, line 12, increase the amount by higher education and count on the Fed- Mr. President, this is an investment $3,800,000,000. eral investment in critical elementary we must make in our future. Last Con- On page 32, line 20, increase the amount by $4,000,000,000. and secondary programs. gress was hailed as the education Con- On page 33, line 3, increase the amount by One is the expatriate billionaire tax gress. We passed legislation lowering $4,000,000,000. loophole. Closing this loophole gen- student loan costs, Head Start legisla- On page 33, line 11, increase the amount by erates $2.1 billion. Those are people tion that was to move us to fully fund- $4,100,000,000. who leave the country, fly out of Amer- ing all eligible children, the Goals 2000 On page 64, line 9, decrease the amount by ica to avoid their taxes. That is $2.1 legislation offering vital federal sup- $1,100,000,000. billion. So that is part of the choice: port to local efforts to improve our On page 64, line 10, decrease the amount by Helping out those people or children schools. $7,900,000,000. On page 64, line 11, decrease the amount by and students in this country who need With this budget, we back away from $12,000,000,000. an education. our commitment. At this rate we will On page 65, line 17, increase the amount by The second is $26 billion. This cur- need to rename that last act if we are $26,700,000,000. rently shields foreign source income of being honest with the American people.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00011 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7292 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 24, 1995 Why do we not call it Goals 3000 be- $28 billion. Unfortunately, that has million. It cuts services for over 5 mil- cause, obviously, if we continue with been the process, not only here on the lion disabled children served under the the cuts proposed here we are never floor of the Senate but also in the Individuals With Disabilities Edu- going to reach our goals, Goals 2000 be- Budget Committee. There were a num- cation Act by $5 billion. If it is wrong, comes an absolute mirage. It does not ber of Members who offered amend- economically, to cut student aid to exist. As this resolution is, we move ments to increase spending—the accu- provide tax cuts, as my Republican col- the goal posts further down the road mulation of spending of more than $500 leagues seem to concede, then it is cer- and make our education deficit that billion and $77 billion in tax increases tainly wrong to pass these huge cuts to much larger. —but no corresponding amendments to education for younger children. So here is the choice: Billionaire tax reduce Federal spending, which is the The means of bipartisan compromise loophole and some modification of the goal of this budget resolution, and it is is the Dodd amendment. It is a com- treatment of export income or critical also a goal to reach a balanced budget. promise that both sides can strain to investments in education. Yes, we remember offsets. But at reach. It restores a total of $28 billion. Mr. President, I strongly urge that least we are in a position to say to the It does not fully restore the cuts to my colleagues support us in this sub- committee that this is the way in children’s programs. It still reduces the stitute amendment. This gives this which you can arrive at these numbers. number of children served, while we body the opportunity to demonstrate Do you want to make a decision about know that the number of children will that the educational needs of America eliminating aircraft in the executive rise. And, it fully—not partially—re- are just as important—just as impor- branch or raising funds for education? I lieves college students of their part of tant—as the export income or the bil- think the choice is an easy one, and cuts in student loans. lionaire tax loophole. The issue is, do that is what this amendment is all Mr. President, this amendment can you want to defend these interest, or about. help us rebuild the bipartisan con- do you want to defend families who are So I hope that Members of the Senate sensus that education is a priority. We out there making investments in their will oppose the Dodd amendment be- should not cut disadvantaged and dis- children’s educations. Investments cause it is not credible, because it does abled children, and it is economically which fundamentally contribute to the not offer responsible recommendations foolish to do so. I know colleagues on economic security of this Nation in the as to how to arrive at $28 billion worth both sides of the aisle believe this, and 21st century. To turn our backs on the of changes and at the same time do I urge all Senators to support this educational needs of these children and what we think is important by raising amendment. their families I think would be a great funds for education. The Snowe-Abra- Mr. DOMENICI. Do I have 3 minutes tragedy. ham amendment reaches that goal to remaining? The health of a nation depends upon provide the much-needed, very valu- The PRESIDING OFFICER. That is many things. Fiscal responsibility is able school loan assistance programs to correct. clearly one of them, but also an edu- low- and middle-income families all Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I was cated society, a well-prepared society. across America. searching in my mind for what Yogi There are families that are out there So I urge the support of the Snowe- Berra might say about this, but I can- telling their children to stay in school Abraham amendment in opposition to not quite come up with it. ‘‘De´ja` vu all and study hard and do their homework, the Dodd amendment. over again,’’ yes; that sounds right. and go to college. We break a contract The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who See, we just got behind us, we thought, with them when those loans are not yields time? the idea that the way to balance the there or at such a high cost that they AMENDMENT NO. 1131 budget was to raise taxes. We thought cannot avoid them. Fifty percent of all Mr. HOLLINGS. Mr. President, I see we had finished that off and that students in higher education today re- a compromise. I see a way for the bi- maybe so long as we were attempting ceive some form of assistance—one out partisanship to return on education. It to balance the budget by restraining of every two. Yet, here we are slashing is a painful compromise on both sides, Government, since the first effort 2 $14 billion out of these programs while but we must pursue the art of the pos- years ago to balance the budget relied we shield expatriot billionaires from sible. heavily on tax increases and did not their taxes and protect export income. Mr. President, I tried 2 days ago, work and the deficit is still going up, We urge you to support our substitute. with my colleague from Iowa, Senator we thought we ought to restrain Gov- Mrs. HUTCHISON. Mr. President, I HARKIN, to make substantial progress ernment in a very serious way. And the yield 2 minutes to the Senator from toward restoring the cuts to education first real serious opportunity on the Maine. in this budget resolution with an other side to change this budget resolu- Ms. SNOWE. Mr. President, here we amendment to restore $40 billion. That tion significantly is to raise taxes $25 go again. I hope that Members of the amendment was narrowly defeated. billion for a good cause. Senate will oppose this amendment. It Yesterday, my colleague from Ne- Now, frankly, Mr. President, I believe is another generic amendment. You did braska, Senator EXON attempted to re- the American people understand that not hear any specifics, other than the store $30 billion to education, as part of the time has come to balance the budg- $6.3 billion and the $28 billion that a package. That amendment narrowly et by reining in Government, having would be necessary under this amend- failed. less Government, redefining it, doing it ment through corporate welfare reduc- Today, the Republican Senators from better, doing it more efficiently. All of tions and tax loopholes. While we all Maine and Ohio, Senator SNOWE and the arguments about what is happening might agree with that goal, there is no Senator DEWINE have offered a $6.3 bil- to programs that we have in existence specificity. It conveniently lacks speci- lion restoration to student loan cuts. assumes that those programs are the ficity because they do not want to of- We are making progress. Republicans only way to help Americans; that the fend anybody. But that is not the re- have admitted that there is a real prob- only way to help education is the exact sponsible budgetary approach. That is lem in this budget in that it severely array of Federal programs that we why the Snowe-Abraham amendment is cuts education. have right now. And anybody that sug- a credible approach in restoring $6.3 But Mr. President, $6.3 billion for gests you might do it for less, or do it billion in education. student loans still leaves students pay- a different way, of course, they are If you want to make sure that those ing billions more, essentially to pro- against education, or they are against funds are restored, then you must sup- vide tax cuts elsewhere. More impor- highways, or they are against whatever port the Snowe-Abraham amendment. tantly, we should not merely restore it is. The amendment that is before us part of the college student aid cuts So essentially, nobody should mis- now, offered by the Senator from Con- while accepting the 33 percent cuts in understand this amendment, regardless necticut, is illusory. It does not offer this budget resolution to the programs of the rhetoric about loopholes and the any instructions. It leaves potential in- that serve children. This budget resolu- like. The budget resolution does three structions to the appropriate commit- tion cuts the 6 million children served things with reference to taxes, it either tees to determine how they reach the under title I for the disadvantaged to 4 lowers or increases them or it leaves

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00012 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7293 them the same. Essentially, this will On page 35, line 12, increase the amount by side, and I understand there are no sec- increase taxes. I do not believe we $1,000,000,000. ond-degree amendments. Perhaps Sen- On page 35, line 13, increase the amount by should adopt it. At the appropriate ator HATFIELD would like to handle it $1,000,000,000. time, I will move to table it. I will not On page 54, line 20, increase the amount by differently if there are not going to be do it now because obviously it will be $570,000,000. any second-degree amendments. stacked. I hope we will defeat it. It On page 54, line 21, increase the amount by Mr. HATFIELD. I have no preference. clearly would be one of the amend- $172,000,000. Parliamentary inquiry. I am trying to ments that this budget resolution On page 55, line 2, increase the amount by get to the real part of the amendment, should not carry with it as we go to $80,000,000. which is to restore the money to the conference with the House. On page 55, line 3, increase the amount by NIH by offsets in all the other ac- I yield back any remaining time. $368,000,000. On page 55, line 10, increase the amount by counts, with the exception of defense. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under $400,000,000. The one I have sent to the desk in- the previous order, the Senator from On page 55, line 17, increase the amount by cludes defense. That is my personal Oregon is now recognized. $400,000,000. preference, but the votes are not there. AMENDMENT NO. 1132 On page 55, line 24, increase the amount by So I am trying to protect the essence (Purpose: To restore funds cut from the $400,000,000. of the real amendment, which I want to National Institutes of Health) On page 56, line 6, increase the amount by debate, which is my second-degree $400,000,000. amendment that excludes defense. Mr. HATFIELD. Mr. President, I send On page 56, line 13, increase the amount by an amendment to the desk and ask for $400,000,000. The PRESIDING OFFICER. I am told its immediate consideration. On page 65, line 14, decrease the amount by that a second-degree amendment is not The PRESIDING OFFICER. The $430,000,000. in order until all time has been expired clerk will report. On page 65, line 15, decrease the amount by on the first degree. The bill clerk read as follows: $258,000,000. Mr. DOMENICI. Could the Senator On page 65, line 17, increase the amount by The Senator from Oregon [Mr. HATFIELD], not withdraw the first amendment and $430,000,000. offer the second amendment at this for himself and Mr. JEFFORDS, proposes an On page 65, line 18, increase the amount by amendment numbered 1132. $258,000,000. point? Mr. HATFIELD. Mr. President, I ask On page 65, line 21, decrease the amount by The PRESIDING OFFICER. Yes. unanimous consent that reading of the $920,000,000. Mr. HATFIELD. I yield to the re- amendment be dispensed with. On page 65, line 22, decrease the amount by quest of the chairman, and I withdraw The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without $552,000,000. my first amendment on the assumption objection, it is so ordered. On page 65, line 24, increase the amount by that I will be able to debate with my $920,000,000. time allocation on the amendment that The amendment is as follows: On page 65, line 25, increase the amount by On page 11, line 7, decrease the amount by $552,000,000. I want to bring to a vote. $430,000,000. On page 66, line 3, decrease the amount by The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- On page 11, line 8, decrease the amount by $1,000,000,000. ator has that right. $258,000,000. On page 66, line 4, decrease the amount by The amendment (No. 1132) was with- On page 11, line 14, decrease the amount by $600,000,000. drawn. $920,000,000. On page 66, line 6, increase the amount by AMENDMENT NO. 1133 On page 11, line 15, decrease the amount by $1,000,000,000. $552,000,000. On page 66, line 7, increase the amount by (Purpose: To restore funds cut from the On page 11, line 21, decrease the amount by $600,000,000. National Institutes of Health) $1,000,000,000. On page 66, line 10, decrease the amount by Mr. HATFIELD. Mr. President, I send On page 11, line 22, decrease the amount by $1,000,000,000. an amendment to the desk and ask for $600,000,000. On page 66, line 11, decrease the amount by its immediate consideration. On page 12, line 3, decrease the amount by $600,000,000. $1,000,000,000. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The On page 66, line 13, increase the amount by clerk will report. On page 12, line 4, decrease the amount by $1,000,000,000. $600,000,000. On page 66, line 14, increase the amount by The bill clerk read as follows: On page 12, line 10, decrease the amount by $600,000,000. The Senator from Oregon [Mr. HATFIELD], $1,000,000,000. On page 66, line 17, decrease the amount by for himself and Mr. JEFFORDS, Mr. SPECTER, On page 12, line 11, decrease the amount by $1,000,000,000. Mrs. KASSEBAUM, and Mr. D’AMATO proposes $600,000,000. On page 66, line 18, decrease the amount by an amendment numbered 1133. On page 12, line 17, decrease the amount by $600,000,000. Mr. HATFIELD. Mr. President, I ask $1,000,000,000. On page 66, line 20, increase the amount by On page 12, line 18, decrease the amount by unanimous consent that reading of the $1,000,000,000. amendment be dispensed with. $600,000,000. On page 66, line 21, increase the amount by On page 12, line 24, decrease the amount by $600,000,000. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without $1,000,000,000. On page 66, line 24, decrease the amount by objection, it is so ordered. On page 12, line 25, decrease the amount by $1,000,000,000. The amendment is as follows: $600,000,000. On page 66, line 25, decrease the amount by On page 33, line 19, increase the amount by On page 33, line 19, increase the amount by $600,000,000. $1,000,000,000. $1,000,000,000. On page 67, line 2, increase the amount by On page 33, line 20, increase the amount by On page 33, line 20, increase the amount by $1,000,000,000. $430,000,000. $430,000,000. On page 67, line 3, increase the amount by On page 34, line 2, increase the amount by On page 34, line 2, increase the amount by $600,000,000. $1,000,000,000. $1,000,000,000. On page 67, line 6, decrease the amount by On page 34, line 3, increase the amount by On page 34, line 3, increase the amount by $1,000,000,000. $920,000,000. $920,000,000. On page 67, line 7, decrease the amount by On page 34, line 9, increase the amount by On page 34, line 9, increase the amount by $600,000,000. $1,000,000,000. $1,000,000,000. On page 67, line 9, increase the amount by On page 34, line 10, increase the amount by On page 34, line 10, increase the amount by $1,000,000,000. $1,000,000,000. $1,000,000,000. On page 34, line 16, increase the amount by On page 67, line 10, increase the amount by On page 34, line 16, increase the amount by $1,000,000,000. $600,000,000. $1,000,000,000. On page 34, line 17, increase the amount by Mr. HATFIELD. Mr. President, I ask On page 34, line 17, increase the amount by $1,000,000,000. for the yeas and nays on my amend- $1,000,000,000. On page 34, line 23, increase the amount by ment. On page 34, line 23, increase the amount by $1,000,000,000. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there a $1,000,000,000. On page 34, line 24, increase the amount by On page 34, line 24, increase the amount by sufficient second? $1,000,000,000. $1,000,000,000. On page 35, line 5, increase the amount by There is a sufficient second. On page 35, line 5, increase the amount by $1,000,000,000. The yeas and nays were ordered. $1,000,000,000. On page 35, line 6, increase the amount by Mr. DOMENICI. If the chairman will On page 35, line 6, increase the amount by $1,000,000,000. yield, I have conferred with the other $1,000,000,000.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00013 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7294 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 24, 1995 On page 35, line 12, increase the amount by at least a glimmer of hope for achiev- U.S. Senate can ignore the fact that $1,000,000,000. ing the necessary breakthroughs to the only thing the American people On page 35, line 13, increase the amount by deal with the ravages of cancer, and have said is raise our taxes if nec- $1,000,000,000. breast cancer in particular. essary, and we will tell Members by a On page 54, line 20, increase the amount by $1,000,000,000. The amendment of Senator HATFIELD 30 percent margin that dollars ex- On page 54, line 21, increase the amount by will go a long way toward holding citi- pended for medical research should be $430,000,000. zens harmless in this area. There would the top priority of our country. This is On page 55, line 2, increase the amount by be a slight reduction of about 1 per- not one politician speaking to another $1,000,000,000. cent. Far better that 1 percent reduc- politician. This is the voice of the peo- On page 55, line 3, increase the amount by tion than one that might reach as ple saying, ‘‘We want to increase med- $920,000,000. much as 15 to 16 percent. That, I be- ical research.’’ We have had polls show On page 55, line 9, increase the amount by lieve, would not be the kind of invest- $1,000,000,000. they would pay another $1 per week on On page 55, line 10, increase the amount by ment in the future that we are at- their medical premiums in order for it $1,000,000,000. tempting to bring about as we work to to be earmarked for medical research. On page 55, line 16, increase the amount by make a better future for all Americans, We have had polls show they would $1,000,000,000. those whom we are protecting now and take another $1 per week in their in- On page 55, line 17, increase the amount by future generations. come tax if it could be earmarked for $1,000,000,000. I believe that is why this amendment medical research. On page 55, line 23, increase the amount by is important and why it makes sense. I Somehow the political establishment $1,000,000,000. strongly urge its support. I thank the On page 55, line 24, increase the amount by of the executive branch, led by the $1,000,000,000. Senator for raising this very important President, and the congressional On page 56, line 5, increase the amount by issue. branches, led by the two House and $1,000,000,000. Mr. HATFIELD. I thank the Senator Senate budget resolution committees, On page 56, line 6, increase the amount by from New York. do not hear that. $1,000,000,000. Mr. President, I offer this amend- Now, I am not going to get into a lot On page 56, line 12, increase the amount by ment on behalf of Senator SPECTER of of detail except to say we are making $1,000,000,000. Pennsylvania and Senator KASSEBAUM tremendous progress in warring On page 56, line 13, increase the amount by of Kansas. There will be other cospon- against many diseases. It was only half $1,000,000,000. sors that we will add as we go along. a dozen years ago we had a handful of Mr. DOMENICI. Will the Senator Mr. President, fundamentally, what dollars dedicated to Alzheimer’s re- yield for a unanimous-consent request? we are facing here is a prelude to dis- search. Mr. HATFIELD. Yes. aster as it relates to medical research I have a personal interest in Alz- Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I ask and medical science in this country. heimer’s. I watched my father die from unanimous consent that no second-de- We are really, in this session of the Alzheimer’s. I can say it is as difficult gree amendments be in order to the Congress, being offered three possibili- for the family as it is difficult for the HATFIELD amendment that is pending. ties, three options. Each one of the victim. It is difficult for all those The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without three options has the same ending re- around him or her. I will not go into objection, it is so ordered. sult. the gory details because most people Mr. HATFIELD. Mr. President, I ask We have the President’s budget. The around here have seen that kind of unanimous consent to add Senator President’s budget, if we vote this deadly disease attack and destroy peo- D’AMATO as a cosponsor on this amend- line—my visual aid supporting chart ple. ment. for 1996—the President raises the NIH Mr. President, we could not even di- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without appropriation budget proposal by 4.1 agnose Alzheimer’s short of an autopsy objection, it is so ordered. percent. Like so many things in poli- a few years ago. Now we have built it Mr. HATFIELD. Mr. President, I now tics, it is a shell game. You see it and over the years to about $210 million of understand I have a 2-hour, equally di- then you do not see it. You think you research money dedicated to Alz- vided time allocation to consider this have it, and then you do not have it. heimer’s. We have made breakthrough amendment. After the first year of 1996 of raising after breakthrough, both in gene anal- Mr. President, I would like to yield 1 this up by 4.1 percent, then the Presi- ysis and identification, as well as minute to the Senator from New York dent’s budget says—look at that drop. treatment and diagnosis. to make a statement on this amend- By the year 2000, we will take $1 billion When we say to the medical struc- ment. away from medical research in this ture of this country, take $1 billion out Mr. D’AMATO. Mr. President, I rise country. This amendment is bipar- of the $11.3 billion—10 percent—in 1 to support and am pleased to join as a tisan. The President is offering to de- year, it is like in this country when we cosponsor of Senator HATFIELD’s molish our medical research infra- shut down the sawmill for a lack of amendment. structure on a slow-water-drip system. logs and lose our chief sawyer, that We are talking about making cuts in Then we have the House resolution. company does not reassemble that order to balance our budget and pro- The House resolution says, ‘‘Well, by team that makes that mill work a vide a better future for coming genera- 1996, next year, we want to drop it 5 month later when a supply is received, tions. Yet I believe we have to be very percent,’’ and then we steady income or 2 months later. careful about how we make those cuts out here whereby we again find the end When the company begins to build and where. result of a dramatic reduction in the the infrastructure of medical research, In the amendment that has been put budget for the NIH. and once it is there, the company does forth, Senator HATFIELD would restore Not to be outdone by the White not rebuild it because maybe 2 years $7 billion of the $7.7 billion that would House, not to be outdone by the House down the road they decided they made otherwise come out of the National In- of Representatives, the Senate budget a mistake. stitutes of Health. resolution that is pending before the We have had the decade of the brain. I have to say, representing as I do Senate today said, ‘‘Oh, we will make a Mr. President, 5 years have passed and New York, and Long Island in par- quicker death. We are going to say a major part of that 5 years is building ticular, we are being ravaged by an epi- take $1 billion out between 1995 and 130 scientists into an infrastructure in demic of cancer, breast cancer in par- 1996.’’ In fact, in excess of $1 billion. By this country. Now it at a point where ticular. Breast cancer rates in the the time we get to 2000 we will have the payoff comes, we are about ready Long Island counties of Nassau and taken $7.7 billion out of the medical re- to start dismantling. Suffolk rank first and fourth highest search of this country that leads to Now, let me get a point of contrast. respectively among the 116 largest U.S. cures and leads to better treatment of We have literally thousands of diseases counties. disease. in this country on which no research— We cannot afford to reduce the fund- That is it, simply straightforward. I no research—is being conducted, thou- ing for this vital research that provides cannot believe that the body of the sands of diseases in which there is no

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00014 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7295 national registry to even know how BORNE PELL. Do you realize we are It is the toughest series of votes which many people have the disease or where spending this year $26 million for Par- I have seen in my 141⁄2 years in the U.S. they are located. No registry. They are kinson’s research—$26 million. You say Senate. It has been very carefully called orphan diseases. Thousands of that is a lot of money—yes, it is a lot crafted by the Budget Committee, them. of money. We are spending over $1 bil- under the leadership of Senator DOMEN- The most important factor that is lion for heart; $2 billion for AIDS; an- ICI, who has great respect in this body missing is no hope. No hope. We have other $1 billion-plus for cancer, as we on all counts. We have seen a series of been trying to attack that gradually should, and I helped to fight for every amendments defeated so far on the by serendipity, meeting a young man one of those dollars, and I would defend budget resolution, many of which I in a wheelchair 15 years of age with every one of those dollars. All I am would have liked to have voted for. But EB, epidermolysis bullosa. At that saying is, for Parkinson’s, $26 million. we have to make some really ex- point, no registry. At that point, no re- Take a 16- to 20-percent decrease on tremely tough choices which I think search money. It is like leprosy. They $26 million for Parkinson’s and you we are making. I believe this is a his- lose their fingers. It is a pigmentation have a bigger impact than taking a 16- toric time for the U.S. Government to problem. Sores break out all over their to 20-percent reduction, say, on cancer balance the budget. bodies. They cannot handle even this or heart, which is in excess—almost $2 Substantial efforts were made fol- kind of artificial light, let alone sun- billion each. So it is disproportionate lowing the election of President light. And they die at a very early age. in its impact. And I think this would Reagan in 1981, when we considered a This young man was so impressive with then give us an opportunity to keep budget resolution some 14 years ago, his eloquence, we wheeled him right our commitment to the sick and those but there was not the political will at into the Committee on Appropriations who have no hope for cure. that time to balance the budget. We and we made a line item. If I ever had If my friends are not interested in did not have Republican control of the a reason to fight a line item veto, the the humanitarian aspect of reducing House of Representatives, with, can- whole concept of vetoing a line item— suffering and putting the value on didly, the political determination to this was to get a line item in the ap- human life—and quality life, not just balance the budget. propriations that year to start a reg- quantitative life—I hope we would sup- That time is now. In order to balance istry, starting a research project for port this because I am convinced it is the budget we have had to turn down EB, and giving hope for those people. the answer. If you are not impressed some requests on amendments which I That is not the way to run it, just be- with that factor, then look at the cost. think were very, very attractive. It cause I met someone like that. There We have saved billions of dollars per was very, very difficult to vote against are thousands of them out there all year in what we have been able to ac- the amendment which offered addi- over this country. complish in medical research with TB. tional funding for education because I I want to also say there is a point of Now we are having a revival of TB. We am very much concerned about the reference and comparison. This same have Zaire and the Ebola problem over cuts in this budget resolution on edu- budget resolution calls for a $800 mil- there, that is a threat to this country. cation. I am very much concerned lion increase in research in nuclear Every time we used to want to get an about the cuts in this budget on Medi- weaponry. Yes, $800 million increase increase in military spending we could care and Medicaid. And I have heard and they are calling for a $1 billion cut say, ‘‘The Russians are coming,’’ and, from constituents about the dev- in medical research. Oh, we have to boy, everybody would jack up another astating impact of what the Medicare protect our bombs but we cannot really $1 million. I want to tell you, ‘‘The vi- cuts will do in closing hospitals, and ruses are coming.’’ They are here. And protect our people. I am saying this is not marginal hospitals but hospitals we better get ready for that warfare be- a value of people over bombs. I would which are very important across this cause we need this kind of weaponry to like to have included the military re- country, providing very vital services fight it. for the people of America. search dollars. The 18 months of mili- Mr. EXON. Will the Senator yield for But it seems to me if we are going to tary research in this country leading a question? us to be more efficient—we say at de- Mr. HATFIELD. Yes. I will be very move to a balanced budget we are fending our country, but at the same happy to. But first of all may I yield to going to have to have belt tightening time, cluster bombs in order to in- my cosponsor, who has not had an op- all across the board. I personally would crease the capacity to destroy life—is portunity to make an opening state- very much have liked to have voted for the equivalent of 95 years of medical ment and then I will be happy to yield the amendment yesterday on a tax cut. research in the NIH; 18 months. That is for questions. Who would not like to have a tax cut in a real value. Mr. EXON. Certainly. America? But the difficulty with the But I do not have the votes. So we Mr. HATFIELD. I yield at this time amendment was present in the addi- still have this power of the military to Senator SPECTER, whatever time he tional cuts which would have been that says, ‘‘Do not include us in any re- needs. present for other very important items, ductions. We only can handle increases. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- and also in the direction of the tax cuts Reduce the medical research pro- ator from Pennsylvania is recognized. not being directed with sufficient depth grams.’’ Mr. SPECTER. Mr. President, I and specificity at the lower income All this does is to face reality that thank my distinguished colleague, the groups and raising the concern about we exclude the military, that sac- chairman of the Appropriations Com- too much of a tax cut for wealthier rosanct military. We are going to ex- mittee, for yielding time to me. I com- Americans at a time when we are going clude it. But at the same time we are pliment him for his leadership gen- to be cutting very many important going to reshuffle all of the other ac- erally, and especially on this amend- programs which impact across the counts and say, by putting the priority ment for his very spirited and eloquent board, and many on the poor. on medical research, the others are articulation of the reasons for this The amount offered yesterday on in- going to be reduced 5 percent. amendment. creasing national defense was a very I enjoyed a little personal therapy by I am pleased to join Senator HAT- attractive amendment. But there again those last few statements. Now we get FIELD as a cosponsor, along with Sen- the difficulty is that it would have re- back to the reality of saying we have ator KASSEBAUM, Senator MACK, and sulted in cuts in other programs and to reach this kind of agreement. I am there may be others who will join in added to the deficit. happy to say I think, even though I cosponsoring this very, very important I think that in the amendment which would like to have a broader base, I am amendment. we are now considering, to have a res- willing to settle for the narrower base Senator HATFIELD has added the toration of part of the budget cut on in order to save the medical structure, name of Senator KENNEDY to the list as the National Institutes of Health, that research structure of this country. original cosponsor here, along with we are going to have the strong bipar- I hope some of my colleagues realize Senator JEFFORDS. tisan support which was not present to we have had a colleague recently diag- The consideration of this budget res- increase funding or restore funding for nosed with Parkinson’s, Senator CLAI- olution is very important to America. education, or the bipartisan support

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00015 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7296 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 24, 1995 which was necessary to restore funding creasing the incidence by half, which this amendment. Once I fulfill that ob- for Medicare and Medicaid. I believe would mean an annual cost saving of ligation to my colleagues, I will be that we have this bipartisan support some $50 billion. very happy to consider that. because of the unique importance of Alcoholism, the No. 1 drug problem Mr. EXON. I will simply add there what the National Institutes of Health in the United States, is on the verge of have been Senators coming to me does for America. significant advances, if not a cure, with wanting 10 to 20 minutes. I have cut In the 141⁄2 years that I have been on the savings of some $100 billion a year. them most down to 1 or 2 minutes. the Appropriations Subcommittee on Osteoporosis leads to 1.5 million frac- If I might courteously suggest that if Labor, Health and Human Services, tures each year, affecting 140,000 peo- we had some time constraints, I believe and Education, which I now chair, we ple, and with the potential for saving everything good can be said about this have maintained an increasing amount of some $5 billion. amendment in a minute if people of funding year by year, notwith- I know the time is short, Mr. Presi- choose their words very carefully. standing proposed budget cuts vir- dent. Mr. HATFIELD. I thank the Senator. tually every year from the administra- So I shall not go on with the list of Mr. President, I have a list. My other tion, and it has been a bipartisan ef- really remarkable achievements which chief cosponsors are Senator KASSE- fort, once under the chairmanship of have been made and are right around BAUM, Senator BOXER, Senator KEN- Senator Weicker, then under the chair- the corner. NEDY, Senator MACK, and others. As manship of Senator Lawton Chiles, But I will say, chairing the Sub- soon as we complete those, I would be then under the chairmanship of Sen- committee on Labor, Health and very happy to consider yielding back ator TOM HARKIN, and now with my Human Services, and Education, and the time. chairmanship. having been on the Appropriations I would like at this time to yield to We had a hearing last Thursday at- Committee for 141⁄2 years, that there is the Senator from Kansas. tended by the distinguished chairman no more important funding item in the Mrs. KASSEBAUM. Mr. President, I of the full committee, where we heard budget to restore, and we are not re- would ask for a couple of minutes. I of the devastating impact of what storing it all, but to restore the certainly appreciate the time con- these budget cuts would do to medical amount proposed in the pending straints. research in the United States. amendment. I think every Senator in the Chamber There is not time enough to go I thank the Chair. I thank my col- is a supporter of the National Insti- through the entire array of very power- league. tutes of Health and recognizes the im- ful arguments and very powerful con- Mr. EXON. Will the chairman yield portance of the work done there. siderations. But let me start with a for a question? I myself am a strong supporter of the few. The question I have for my great importance of continuing basic re- At the present time, the National In- friend and colleague I want to preface search. stitutes of Health funds less than 1 in 4 by saying the chairman knows of my I think Senator HATFIELD, who has grant applications. If funding were cut fondness for him and the many years initiated this amendment, has spoken by 10 percent, that grant rate might that we have worked. I have never seen eloquently of the importance of those decrease to as much as 1 in 10. There a finer presentation, I say to my friend needs. Senator SPECTER has spoken as would be a drastic reduction in clinical from Oregon. I do not disagree with a well. trials to initiate promising new treat- single thing he has said. I think he said Mr. President, I am pleased to join ments leaving the application of re- it all very, very well. with Senators HATFIELD and SPECTER search findings for the patients on an I cannot think of a more important and eight other cosponsors in offering untested basis. amendment that will pass. I think this an amendment to the fiscal year 1996 There would be a cataclysmic con- amendment will pass. I know of no ob- budget resolution which is designed to sequence with over 80 percent of the jection to it on this side. I just checked protect funding for the National Insti- NIH budget being cut with support with Senator DOMENICI. He knows of no tutes of Health. Our amendment, which from colleges, universities, medical objection on his side of the aisle. I adds $1 billion annually to budget func- schools, and research institutes think the case has been adequately tion 550, is intended to restore the 10- throughout the country. made. percent reduction in NIH funding as- We are on the brink of having ex- I have a list of 23 Democratic Sen- sumed by the Budget Committee. In traordinary advances in medical re- ators, and heaven knows how many on order to assure the health of our citi- search on gene therapy on a whole that side of the aisle, that have other zens—through continued support of our range of very, very devastating ill- important matters, and we run out of nation’s biomedical research—I urge nesses in America. time at noon today on the amendment. my colleagues to join with us in sup- Let me name just a few. Last year I am just wondering, since I think porting this amendment. the National Institutes of Health dis- there seems to be near unanimous sup- To offset the additional NIH funding, covered a breast cancer susceptibility port for the amendment, if there is any our amendment would reduce spending gene, and the NIH is now closing in on way that we can cut down some of the in various discretionary accounts by the gene which causes breast cancer, time to allow some of these other Sen- 0.58 percent. The budget functions which would be really a remarkable ators a chance to offer their amend- which would be excluded from these re- achievement on a terrifying disease ments. Because of the time con- ductions are: defense; international af- which strikes 1 of 9 women in America. straints, because I would not want to fairs; education, training, and employ- The problems on heart disease, car- see any of our colleagues have a heart ment; income security; Medicare; So- diovascular disease, which is still the attack or apoplexy for fear that they cial Security; and net interest. number one killer of both men and are not able to talk on their amend- NIH-supported biomedical research women, causing 43 percent of all deaths ment, I am just wondering, my ques- has a proud history of scientific break- each year; delaying the onset of heart tion is can we get some time agree- throughs. Many of my colleagues will disease by 5 years, which is right ment if we would agree to yield back remember the iron lungs which once around the corner, would save almost our whole hour of the time? I know of ventilated individuals after their bod- $70 billion annually. no opposition on this side. Could we get ies had been ravaged by the polio virus. When we take a look at the kind of an agreement to cut down the remain- Because of biomedical research, we no economic savings which come from ing 50 minutes or so that the chairman longer face the threat of this disease. this research from NIH, it is really re- has? I think he has made his case very In fact, experts at the Centers for Dis- markable. well. ease Control and Prevention now pre- Alzheimer’s disease, such an over- Mr. HATFIELD. Mr. President, I dict that the polio virus could soon be whelming emotional problem in Amer- would be very happy to work out an ar- eradicated from this planet. ica today for those who suffer from rangement. I have a list here of about The vitality of these efforts is main- Alzheimer’s and their families; the a dozen Senators who have asked for a tained today. For example, through the medical research is on the brink of de- few minutes to express themselves on human genome project, scientists have

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00016 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7297 identified a gene linked to breast can- Mr. President, I urge my colleagues Senator from Oregon I am a realist. I cer. Using this information, health to consider this amendment carefully. am a realist, and I wish to see this care providers may one day decrease Its effect would be to improve the funding be restored to the NIH. We are the burden of this disease, which now health of our Nation’s citizens by sup- one plane ride away from a major epi- attacks one in nine women. porting funding for biomedical re- demic. We read with horror about this I am concerned about the detri- search through the NIH. The effort of Ebola virus. Anyone who has read the mental impact of the NIH reductions NIH has and will continue to create a book ‘‘The Hot Zone’’ understands the assumed by the Budget Committee. I national environment in which bio- tenuous position we are in in this very believe, that biomedical research ad- medical research and health flourish. world in which we now live. As we lose vancement—and breakthroughs—could Mr. HATFIELD. Mr. President, I the rain forests of the world, what sci- slow dramatically. would like to yield 3 minutes to the entists are discovering is that viruses The committee, in its report on this Senator from California. that live in the rain forests are looking resolution, lays out a thoughtful argu- Mr. President, in yielding to the Sen- for other hosts, and they are finding us. ment in support of this budget reduc- ator from California, she was facing So to cut back on the National Insti- tion. As noted in the report, it is true the same issue, I understand, in her tutes of Health, which is our first line that the NIH has seen a real budget committee work, and I wish to thank of defense against these diseases, would growth over the last decade. In real the Senator for laying the foundation be worse than outrageous. terms, after adjusting for biomedical at that time. I ask unanimous consent to include research inflation, the budget for 1993 Mrs. BOXER. I thank my friend very in the RECORD at this point a letter was 47 percent greater than it was a much. I will be brief because I think so from the University of California, decade earlier. It is also true that pri- much has already been said on this. Irvine, and I would close with a quote vate sector contributions to biomedical I simply want to add my voice in sup- from the dean of the college of medi- research have increased. port of the Senator from Oregon. I did, cine there, Thomas C. Cesario. He says: At the same time, I do not believe it in fact, offer a similar amendment in With Federal support, the University has is wise to propose reductions based on the Budget Committee. However, I achieved remarkable breakthroughs in med- this recent growth in NIH funding. took the funds out of the little tax ical research which prevent, control, or re- These reductions will leave many bio- cut—honey pot—that was squirreled verse disease, saving lives and millions of dollars in medical care. medical researchers and their advance- away by our chairman and there was And he just says that the UC doctors ments stranded. In many areas, sci- no support from the Republican side there with Federal funds were first to entists are on the verge of amazing dis- for using that as an offset. identify the lack of a gene as a cause of coveries. Because the average length of I truly understand the frustration ex- disease. They developed a blood test for an NIH award is nearly 4 years, cuts of pressed by the Senator from Oregon. the genetic defect that causes Tay- this magnitude will require an adjust- He wanted to cut across the board and Sachs, and it goes on and on. include in the cut to pay for this NIH ment period. We need to consider ways I see my time has run out. So again increase the military budget. I think to ensure that promising research re- let me add my voice to the Senator ceives new funding, while we honor ex- the Senator is wise not to offer that up from Oregon. I thank the Senator so isting research commitments. because there are not the votes here to much for picking up this fight in this Mr. President, the $1 billion which do that, but I wish to spend just a Chamber. I am with the Senator all the this amendment would add back to the minute talking about that and adding way. NIH allows for a smooth transition. my voice to that of the Senator from I yield the floor. Even with this add-back, real funding Oregon. There being no objection, the letter for NIH will decrease over the next 7 I think the people of this country un- was ordered to be printed in the years. In fact, if we assume a 5 percent derstand that the cold war is over, and RECORD, as follows: I think the people of this country un- annual biomedical research inflation, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, IRVINE, maintaining NIH funding at its 1995 derstand we are the only superpower, COLLEGE OF MEDICINE, level would still result in a real fund- and I think the people of this country Irvine, CA, May 22, 1995. ing reduction of nearly 5 percent in the understand that we are spending 21⁄2 Hon. BARBARA BOXER, first year and 35 percent 7 years from times more than all of the potential Hart Senate Office Building, Washington, DC. now. enemies combined in the world, and DEAR SENATOR BOXER: I am writing to ex- As chairman of the Committee on that includes on the list the potential press my deepest concern over the funding cuts to the National Institutes of Health Labor and Human Resources, I am enemies Russia and China. The fact is that have been assumed in the Committee’s committed to working with the Na- if you add the spending of the NATO Budget Resolution and to thank you for your tional Institutes of Health and our Na- countries, America and the NATO tremendous effort to restore funding during tion’s biomedical researchers to find countries are spending 51⁄2 times more the Committee’s consideration of the NIH ways to adjust to our current budget than all the potential enemies in the bill. limitations. However, accomplishing world. According to the committee report, the this goal will require thoughtful con- What are the real enemies that we Senate Budget Committee recommends a 10 sideration and careful deliberation. face on a daily basis in America? I percent cut for the NIH budget in FY 1996, and then a freeze of the NIH budget at this As the Labor Committee begins to would say the daily enemies we face lower level through 2002. This means that consider the reauthorization of the Na- are the prospect of disease striking a the NIH budget would be cut from $11.3 bil- tional Institutes of Health, I welcome loved one. Alzheimer’s has been dis- lion in FY 1995 to $10.2 billion in FY 1996, and the suggestions of my colleagues. I in- cussed, osteoporosis, breast cancer, then frozen at $10.2 billion through 2002. Cuts tend to examine organizational and AIDS, prostate cancer, lung cancer, di- of this magnitude would be devastating to structural changes at the NIH which abetes, scleroderma, something many our nation’s biomedical research enterprise. could lead to some budget savings. people do not know about, which is a The NIH is one of the country’s most re- This effort may include reexamining soft tissue disease which is disfiguring spected and revered research institutions, the need for the current 23 institutes, setting international standards for excel- and frightening and strikes young lence for basic and clinical biomedical and centers, and divisions. Another ap- women; strokes, Parkinson’s disease. behavorial research and ensuring that med- proach will be to review the amount of There are so many others. ical care in the United States is the best in research funding which the NIH cur- The fact is, I say to my colleagues, the world. Many people literally owe their rently devotes to indirect research these are the enemies that we face, and lives to NIH-funded research. costs. Finally, I also believe that we to retreat from this war would be ludi- These cuts represent a serious retreat from will need to reexamine how the NIH crous. the national support given to medical inno- makes its grants to ensure that the Now, it hurts my heart to vote to cut vation. They would be devastating to the NIH mission. NIH projects that with a 10 per- most promising areas for research ad- other domestic programs. It breaks my cent reduction in its budget the success rate vancement receive funding, while fund- heart. I think it is outrageous that we for competing research project grants would ing for basic biomedical research is do not have the votes here to include fall from its current overall level of 24 per- maintained. defense in a small cut, but like the cent in FY 1995 to between 6 percent and 12

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00017 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7298 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 24, 1995 percent in FY 1996. The potential loss in new American values and are really speak- I thank the Chair. life saving discoveries is incalculable. We ing for mankind all over the world in Mr. HATFIELD. Mr. President, I know that few, if any, new clinical trials the restoration of this funding for the could be instigated and other NIH mecha- yield 2 minutes to the Senator from National Institutes of Health. This New Mexico. nisms of support would be decimated. budget is permeated with penny-wise Cuts to NIH would certainly wreak havoc The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- and pound-foolish mentality that val- throughout the University of California’s re- ator from New Mexico. ues short-term savings today over in- search institutions. About 85 percent of the Mr. BINGAMAN. I thank the Chair. I NIH’s appropriation is expended on extra- vestments that will improve the life of mural research conducted in all 50 states. the Nation tomorrow. thank the Senator from Oregon. The University of California operates the There is no better example of these Mr. President, I support the amend- largest health science program in the na- misplaced priorities than the meat-ax ment of the Senator from Oregon. I tion—with five schools of medicine. Last cuts in the National Institutes of also want to point out that the prob- year UC received about $650 million for ex- Health. It is truly a great success in lem he identifies with medical research tramural grants university-wide. Three of terms of research, and it maintains re- funding is part of a larger problem that our five medical schools were ranked among spect throughout the world. The NIH is the top 15 institutions for receipt of extra- we are trying to address in another mural research awards for FY 1993 and all not just a source of excellence to those amendment that will come up for a fell within the top 100 institutions. of us on the floor of the Senate. It is vote later today. That is the amend- With federal support, the University has recognized throughout the world. ment related to civilian research more achieved remarkable breakthroughs in med- The NIH is the symbol of excellence generally. ical research which prevent control of re- in medical research. Its achievements The Senator from Oregon made the verse disease, saving lives and millions of are world renowned. Dollar for dollar, point that the proposed budget as it dollars in medical care; UC doctors: it is among the wisest and most pro- now stands in the area of medical re- were first to identify the lack of a gene as ductive investments the Nation has a cause of disease; search is a prelude to disaster. I would developed a blood test for the genetic de- ever made. It is the source of America’s say that the same point could be made fect that causes Tay-Sachs disease; international preeminence in indus- about civilian research generally in created the first human vaccine by genetic tries such as pharmaceuticals, bio- this country. engineering; technology, and medical devices. Talk were among the first three groups in the to any leaders of these industries, and I would address people’s attention to world to isolate the AIDS virus; they will tell you that without the this chart which shows Federal civilian found a quick method to determine if in- basic research of the NIH, progress in R&D as a percentage of the gross do- fants were infected with the AIDS virus; mestic product of this country from developed an artificial ankle to replace their industry would slow to a crawl, and America’s international competi- the period 1961 through the end of the joints damaged by arthritis; century, the last portion, of course, adapted a heart pump implant to pump in- tiveness would fail. sulin in diabetics thus eliminating the need Above all, we need NIH research be- being the projected level of funding for for daily insulin injections; cause of its indispensable role in im- civilian research and development. developed a procedure that restores hear- proving the health of the American This chart includes the figures for ing by replacing damaged middle ear bones people. In recent years, biomedical re- the National Institutes of Health, with sculpted cartilage. search supported by the NIH has led to about which the Senator from Oregon In addition, the University has been an in- is speaking. It shows that we will be cubator for the rapidly growing bio- new and more cost-effective treat- technology industry in California. California ments for cancer, heart disease, diabe- dropping to an unprecedented low in has the largest concentration of the nation’s tes, and a wide range of infectious dis- our level of support for civilian re- biotechnology companies and 28 percent of eases. More than a million premature search if we go ahead with the budget high tech medical device firms in the nation. deaths from heart disease alone were as it presently stands. The University of California at San Fran- prevented by improved cardiovascular The amendment the Senator from Or- cisco and San Diego alone account for more programs and innovative treatments egon proposes will cure the problem as than 50 new companies pursuing life saving developed by NIH research in the past it relates to the National Institutes of medical drugs and devices from AIDS, cancer quarter century. Health. The larger amendment that I and heart disease to genetic disorders like With mushrooming new discoveries cystic fibrosis and multiple sclerosis. have proposed with Senators Cuts to NIH cut the lifeline of biomedical in biotechnology, we stand on the LIEBERMAN and ROCKEFELLER and HOL- research. The devastation would be felt for threshold of even greater progress in LINGS and BIDEN deals with the larger years to come. The pace of scientific dis- the years ahead in the conquest of issue of civilian research, and it is nec- covery would slow and cures for diseases like dread diseases. There is no American essary also if we are going to avoid the AIDS and cancer would be delayed. Even family that has not lost a loved one or same kind of precipitous drop in Fed- worse, biomedical research would be essen- a close friend to the ravages of heart tially eliminated as a career track for a eral support for civilian research that disease, cancer, diabetes, or Alz- is contemplated in the present budget. whole generation of young people. heimer’s disease. Why would anyone I urge you to do all you can to restore I thank the Senator and I support his curtail the extraordinary progress that funding to the NIH during the Senate’s con- amendment strongly. is possible? sideration of the Budget Resolution. Mr. HATFIELD. I thank the Senator Sincerely, If the cuts in this budget resolution from New Mexico. THOMAS C. CESARIO, M.D., are approved, only 10 percent of meri- Dean, College of Medicine. torious research will be funded, accord- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Mr. HATFIELD. I thank the Senator ing to the NIH’s own estimates. Cur- ator from Oregon. from Oregon. rently, ninety scientists have received Mr. HATFIELD. I yield 1 minute to The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Nobel prizes for research funded in the Senator from Minnesota. ator from Oregon. whole or in part by the NIH. With these The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Mr. HATFIELD. Mr. President, again cuts, young researchers will leave the ator from Minnesota. I am going back to the list of those field because they cannot find support Mr. WELLSTONE. I thank the Chair. who have made their request to be for their investigations. Careers in bio- heard. I would yield 2 minutes to Sen- medical research will be less attractive Mr. President, I asked the Senator ator KENNEDY, 3 minutes. to the brightest minds of this genera- from Oregon only for a minute because Mr. KENNEDY. Two minutes will be tion of college students. Worst of all, it I am one of those Senators who later fine. is no exaggeration to say that because on wants to speak to other amend- Mr. HATFIELD. Two minutes to Sen- of these cuts, Americans will die who ments, and I know we are in a time ator KENNEDY from Massachusetts. would have been saved. crunch. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- These funds make such a difference I say to the Senator from Oregon I ator from Massachusetts is recognized. to the families that all of us represent. certainly want to be included as an Mr. KENNEDY. Mr. President, the I urge the Senate to adopt this amend- original cosponsor, but I do it with Senator from Oregon and the other co- ment and maintain NIH’s vital invest- some sadness because I believe that the sponsors are speaking for the best ments in medical research. military-defense part of the budget

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00018 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7299 ought to have been included in the off- Now, if Dr. Steven Rosenberg were Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I set. I understand why the Senator was here today, I do not think he would say want to propose a unanimous-consent not able to do so. to us that he has the total answer. But request that will protect the Senator Second of all, I am very worried if you read his book, you will find, for from Oregon but will advise Senators about cuts in some of the other non- example, that in 40 percent of the cases of when we will vote. defense discretionary programs. There- there was a response to ON NIH fore, later on I am going to have a immunotherapy in melanoma. Ms. MIKULSKI. Mr. President, I rise sense-of-the-Senate amendment mak- The reason I get a little bit focused to express my passionate support for ing clear it does not have to be in each on melanoma is because, as many of the National Institutes of Health. of those areas because each deserve a you know, I am a survivor of mela- The National Institutes of Health is high priority, and I am going to try to noma. In 1989, after coming to the U.S the foundation of this Nation and the point out the direction in which we Senate, I was diagnosed with mela- world’s medical research. It is an in- should be directing our priorities. But noma. Fortunately, we found it early vestment in the future health and well- it is with a sense of equity and fairness and I should not have to be concerned being of every American. I proudly support this amendment. with it at all. But in 1979, my younger Over 85 percent of the NIH funding Mr. HATFIELD. I yield 5 minutes to brother Michael died of melanoma. And goes to academic medical centers of ex- the Senator from Florida. I can tell you personally what that ex- cellence all over the United States of The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- perience is like. America. From Stanford University, ator from Florida is recognized for 5 And I could be talking about AIDS, I Johns Hopkins University, and Harvard minutes. could be talking about, as the Senator to the University of Maryland and the Mr. MACK. Thank you, Mr. Presi- from California talked about, the vi- University of Wisconsin—these are the dent. ruses, I could be talking about any one leaders in medical science research. First, let me express my deep appre- of those. But the reality is that we are What does our investment dollars ciation to Senator HATFIELD for his making great strides today because of get? Our investment in the NIH pro- leadership on this issue in bringing this the work that is being done at NIH by vides the means to find the cures and amendment to the floor of the Senate. people like Dr. Steven Rosenberg. preventions for disease. It keeps the In trying to figure out what I would So he added a fourth modality to the United States of America in the fore- confine my comments to in 5 minutes, treatment of cancer. And there is a front of biomedical science and bio- because there is so much that I feel and fifth today, and it is called gene ther- medical technology. It encourages our so much that I have learned with re- apy. And we are just beginning to global competitiveness and assures spect to what the National Institutes scratch the surface on gene therapy. economic growth through the creation of Health is involved in, again, it is One of the earlier speakers referred of jobs in Maryland and throughout the very difficult to kind of bring it down to the discovery of the breast cancer United States. It helps communities to a couple of points. gene, and there probably are several help themselves. The NIH has icon status in America A book that I read several years ago breast cancer genes. But there has also and around the world. The short- called ‘‘The Transformed Cell,’’ written been discovered a melanoma gene. It is sightedness of narrow-minded people in by Dr. Steven Rosenberg out at the called P–16. And we know, through the green eyeshades who would cut the NIH NIH National Cancer Institute, really research that has been done out at funding is deeply disturbing. I simply talks about the fundamental changes NIH, that it is relatively simple to de- that have taken place in the way we cannot understand it. fine cancer but very complicated to The American people deserve a future treat diseases in this country and, for come up with a solution. Cancer is of improved health. They understand that matter, around the world. I am re- nothing more than the uncontrolled the importance of investing in research ferring specifically to the treatment of growth of cells. But the issue is: Why and prevention. They want their Fed- cancer now. are they uncontrolled and how can we eral dollars to go to programs that will For many years, if one was diagnosed control them? And gene therapy and help them meet their day-to-day needs. with cancer, basically, surgery, radi- DNA are going to play a significant That is what the NIH does. Its research ation, or chemotherapy were the three role in making that determination. finds cures, prevents the onset of dis- choices, if you will. The physicians My last point would be this: We have ease, and helps people live not only would look at the particular disease discovered what is called P–53, which I longer but better lives. and status to make a determination believe is a protein—it may be a gene For some time, I have worked on a about which of those three alternatives as well—a protein that is involved in bipartisan basis to advocate for a wom- to pursue. sending the message to the individual en’s health agenda. I was one of those Dr. Steven Rosenberg began his prac- cells as to when they should grow and who led the fight to establish an Office tice over 20 years ago when something when they should stop growing. There of Women’s Health Research at the occurred that kind of indicated to him have been great strides made with re- NIH—the first of its kind. I worked that maybe there was something else spect to the P–53 gene. with my colleagues to expand research going on that could, in fact, be used to It would be a tragedy for us to step and address gender-specific health con- fight the disease. An individual that he back now when we are on the verge of cerns like breast cancer, cervical can- was treating was cured of, I believe, breakthroughs on all kinds of diseases cer and prostate cancer. melanoma. And 20 years ago, if a per- through gene therapy. The National Institutes of Health is son was discovered with melanoma, it So what I am saying to the Senate is the anchor for health research invest- was just a matter of time. There was there are great benefits that come from ment in this country. no cure. this investment. And now, this picky little budget But, somehow or other, this patient I will close with this quote. Pasteur wants to freeze NIH funding into the survived. Dr. Steven Rosenberg came wrote: ‘‘I am on the verge of mysteries year 2000, or worse yet, may even cut to the conclusion and a very strong and the veil is getting thinner and NIH funding by 10 percent. Let us face feeling that the answer was in the im- thinner.’’ the fact. You cannot freeze disease. mune system; that what saved that in- We want to provide the funds to You cannot freeze neurological deterio- dividual was his own immune system. make sure that that veil disappears. ration and Parkinson’s disease. And And then that raised the question: Ms. MIKULSKI. Will the Senator you cannot freeze life saving research. Well, if the immune system can defeat yield? You just cannot. the disease in one individual but yet it The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- The impact of cutting NIH will take does not in another, why does that ator’s time has expired. an incredible human toll. The major occur? And that began a long process of Several Senators addressed the killers of men and women today are over 20 years of trying to come to the Chair. lung cancer and heart disease. What discovery and understanding of what The PRESIDING OFFICER. I recog- will happen to this research when there we can do to enhance the immune sys- nize the floor manager, the Senator is not enough dollars to invest in find- tem in order to fight the disease. from New Mexico. ing a cure? How will we ever find a cure

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00019 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7300 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 24, 1995 for Alzheimers disease and for AIDS international affairs functions from Increased investment in health re- without investing the necessary dol- the across-the-board cut required by search is key to reducing health costs lars? this amendment. The cold war is over in the long run. And if we can unlock My own dear father died of Alz- and the military should bear a share of the cure for a disease like Alzheimer’s heimers disease. He died one brain cell the cuts that this budget resolution the savings would be enormous—in dol- at a time, and it did not matter that I will force the Appropriations Com- lars and human lives. Today, federally was a U.S. Senator. All I could do was mittee to make in most, if not all, non- supported funding for research on Alz- look out for him, care for him, and military programs, including the very heimer’s disease totals $300 million yet make sure that he was comfortable and worthy NIH. it is estimated that nearly $100 billion safe. In loving memory of my father, I Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, I sup- is expended annually on caring for peo- vowed to do all that I can to lead the port the amendment offered by my dis- ple with Alzheimer’s. fight for research to find a cure for Alz- tinguished colleague from Oregon, Sen- Gene therapy and treatments of cys- heimers. ator HATFIELD. We have worked to- tic fibrosis and Parkinson’s could This is what this Budget would gether in the past to increase our com- eliminate years of chronic care costs, knock out. It is a tragedy for the dedi- mitment to the National Institutes of while saving lives and improving pa- cated men and women of NIH who have Health [NIH]. Last year, during the tient’s quality of life. committed their lives to finding cures health care reform debate, Senator Past investment in research has paid to deadly diseases. And it is a tragedy HATFIELD and I introduced legislation off. for the American people who look to to ensure that any reform plan also in- Less than $1 million spent to develop NIH to meet our day-to-day health cluded increased investment in the a potassium citrate treatment to pre- needs and to get us ready for the fu- fight against disease and disability. vent the formation of kidney stones ture. But, Mr. President, I am disappointed yields over $436.2 million in annual sav- I am passionate about my commit- that this amendment once again pro- ings in treatment costs. ment to preserve this investment. We tects and preserves a bloated Pentagon $20.1 million in NIH support over a must not turn our back on NIH. There budget. The budget resolution cuts 17-year period led to the development are those who seem set on trying to over $1 trillion in Federal spending. It of an improved influenza intervention dismantle the National Institutes of cuts health, education, training, vet- for children, saving at least $346.6 mil- Health. I want to put those people on erans, and virtually everything else lion annually from a reduction in pre- notice—they will have to put up with but it does not touch defense. The Pen- mature mortality and long-term earn- me first. I will do everything I can to tagon is increased by $34.5 billion over ings losses. keep the National Institutes of Health what a hard freeze would be over the 7 Clinical trials to develop a laser an investment that saves lives, saves years. So, while I support this amend- treatment for a diabetes related eye jobs, and helps communities. ment I believe strongly that instead of condition cost $180.6 million and has Mr. HATFIELD. I thank the Senator. taking money away from discretionary resulted in a potential annual savings Mr. EXON. I applaud the Senator. programs that are below a hard freeze of over $1.2 billion. Mr. DOMENICI. I agree with the Sen- in this budget to protect NIH we should New cell therapy techniques can re- ator. have looked to the bloated Pentagon duce the costs of a bone marrow trans- Mr. BYRD. Mr. President, although I budget. plant by as much as $50,000. share the concern of my distinguished NIH, as we all know, stands for the This country invests far too little in colleague from Oregon, Senator HAT- National Institutes of Health but it medical research, less than 2 percent of FIELD, about funding for the National could just as easily stand for National the total health budget is devoted to Institutes of Health (NIH), I must op- Investment in Health. That’s what medical research. Compare that to the pose his amendment. I oppose his we’re talking about, investing in the Pentagon where 15 percent of military amendment because it fails to address health of our people and our economy. dollars are spent on research. Where the underlying defect in the Budget Unfortunately, today we are not here are our priorities? Resolution we are debating—a one- to talk about taking a small step for- It is expected that this budget pro- third reduction overall in nonmilitary ward in medical research, we’re here to posal would reduce the success rate of discretionary spending. prevent taking a giant leap back and qualified research proposals from the The amendment, in effect, simply re- cutting our commitment to research current 25 percent to as little as 15 per- arranges the deck chairs on the Titanic. that saves lives and money. cent. Just a decade ago, it was twice It cuts across-the-board from all dis- The budget resolution before us cuts that. Science and cutting edge medical cretionary functions—except for mili- NIH by 10 percent and freezes spending research are being put on hold. And tary, international affairs and the through 2002. This translates into a cut every day we wait is another day we go functions that fall largely under the ju- of over $1 billion for fiscal year 1996 without finding the cure for diabetes, risdiction of the Labor, HHS Appro- alone. Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s and countless priations Subcommittee—to restore Backing away from that commit- other diseases. the 10-percent cut in NIH assumed in ment is shortsighted and fails to recog- Mr. President, this resolution also the budget resolution. nize the important role that NIH plays further discourages our young people I emphasize the word ‘‘assumed’’ be- in improving health care and holding from pursuing careers in medical re- cause it should be clear that the fund- down health care costs in the long run. search. The number of people under the ing levels for individual programs are As former chairman of the Appro- age of 36 even applying for NIH grants not determined by the budget resolu- priations Committee, Senator Warren dropped by 54 percent between 1985 and tion. The budget resolution only deter- Magnuson, said ‘‘medical research is 1993. This is due to a host of factors but mines the amount of discretionary the first link in the chain of preven- I’m afraid that the lower success rates spending overall. The appropriations tion.’’ Without sufficient investment, among all applicants is making bio- process determines the amount of fund- we can’t build that chain. medical research less and less attrac- ing for individual programs, such as People from all over the world come tive to young people. If the perception NIH. In fact, the budget resolution does to the United States for medical care. is that funding for research is impos- not even determine the amount of total Why? Because, we lead the world in sible to obtain, young people that may funds available to the Labor, HHS Ap- quality of care. And research is key to have chosen medical research 10 years propriations Subcommittee which has this quality. ago will choose other career paths. jurisdiction over NIH funding. Section The United States has built an im- Mr. President, investing in NIH 602(b) of the Congressional Budget and pressive biomedical research enter- doesn’t just promote the health of our Impoundment Control Act of 1974 re- prise. Today, dramatic developments in people, it promotes the health of our serves that power to the Appropria- genetics and gene therapy offer hope to economy. The biotechnology and phar- tions Committee as well. many suffering from disorders such as maceutical industries contribute some In addition, I take strong objection cystic fibrosis, breast and prostate can- $100 billion annually to the economy to the exclusion of the military and cer, diabetes, and Alzheimer’s disease. and support 200,000 highly skilled jobs.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00020 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7301 In 1994, sales of biotechnology prod- If I thought that it wasn’t possible tion, that the majority of projects sub- ucts totaled close to $8 billion and the for Congress, for the appropriators, the mitted to the NIH, extremely worthy Department of Commerce estimates Health and Human Services Depart- projects which could yield scientific that biotechnology will be a $50 billion ment or the NIH itself to prioritize advances as promising as any, are not industry by the year 2000. spending for the good and necessary funded. Just look at the numbers: This Investing in medical research pro- work that the NIH does, I might be year, project grants at NIH are ex- motes healthier lives, creates jobs, and willing to support this amendment. pected to have a 24-percent success strengthens our economy and our com- However, we all know that the budg- rate; this means that only one-quarter petitive position in the global market- et resolution doesn’t require that NIH of the projects which are approved are place. It’s the right thing to do and the funding be cut, only that funding with- funded. smart thing to do. in function 550 not exceed a specified Under the President’s budget, it is Mr. President, I support this amend- level. There are ways to do that with- expected to decline to 23 percent. And ment. But, even if this amendment out adversely affecting the work that under the budget resolution, to an even passes as expected, it does not address the NIH does. For example, the growth smaller percentage. Contrast this to the underlying defect in the budget res- of Medicaid could be slowed, as Senator 1992, when the success rate was 29.6 per- olution we are debating, a one-third re- GRAMM proposed yesterday. cent, or 1986, when it was 32.1 percent. duction overall in nonmilitary, discre- I am confident that, as the author of Although I do strongly support this tionary spending. the amendment and as chairman of the amendment, I also want to express my This amendment cuts across-the- Appropriations Committee, Senator board from all discretionary functions, concern about the ‘‘offsets’’ used to HATFIELD won’t allow the NIH budget ‘‘pay for’’ the amendment, or, in other except for national defense, inter- to be cut too deeply when it comes national affairs and the functions that words, about the source of funding time to appropriate money for the NIH. which will make up the difference if fall largely under the jurisdiction of The Department of Health and Human the Labor, HHS Appropriations Sub- NIH funding were increased and the en- Services and the NIH won’t sacrifice tire budget resolution is to stay within committee, to restore the 10-percent critical research when it comes time to cut in NIH assumed in the budget reso- the same overall cap. prioritize the use of funds that are ulti- As I understand the amendment of- lution. mately appropriated. But, Mr. President, funding levels for fered by my colleague, it would restore Mr. President, I want to work with individual programs are not deter- $7 billion of the proposed $7.9 billion re- the chairman of the Appropriations mined by the budget resolution. The duction in NIH funding over the com- Committee to find a solution, but one budget resolution only determines the ing 7 fiscal years. The difference would which doesn’t adversely affect our Na- amount of discretionary spending over- be made up by an across-the-board re- tion’s veterans. duction in all budget functions except all. It is the appropriations process Mr. HATCH. Mr. President, I rise in that determines the amount of funding for the social programs, broadly speak- support of the amendment offered by for individual programs, such as NIH. ing, and defense and international af- my colleague from Oregon, long recog- So, Mr. President, despite this amend- fairs. The effect of this amendment is nized as a leader in our efforts to pro- ment, the Appropriations Committee to place the burden of making up the mote biomedical research. I can think will be faced with a one-third reduction difference on the other accounts within of no more worthy a purpose than to in nonmilitary discretionary spending the budget, many of which are already restore funding for the National Insti- and, therefore, all discretionary spend- sustaining large reductions. tutes of Health. NIH is the world’s pre- ing programs such as the NIH are going For example, under this amendment, mier biomedical research institution. to be subject to cuts because of this in order to increase NIH, decreases It is our investment in the Nation’s fu- budget resolution. would be effected in programs for vet- ture health. I have watched with pride Mr. KYL. Mr. President, I support erans, agriculture, space and science as NIH has grown during my years in what the chairman of the Appropria- research, energy, natural resources, the Congress. I have watched with tions Committee, Senator HATFIELD, is and community development. attempting to do, ensure that suffi- pride as exciting discovery after dis- covery spawned by the NIH has become I am particularly concerned about a cient funding is made available for the proposed reduction of about $1 billion work of the National Institutes of a reality. I have watched with pride as efforts at the premier research institu- over 7 years in law enforcement and Health [NIH]. I strongly support the crime prevention efforts, at a time important work that body is under- tions in Utah, such as the excellent work at the University of Utah, have when increased acts of violence and taking, particularly with respect to re- terrorism throughout the United search on breast and prostrate cancer, led to incredible discoveries helping to improve literally millions of lives. States are threatening the ability of heart disease and diabetes. peaceful, law-abiding citizens to lead However, what troubles me about As with many of my colleagues, I was their lives. this amendment is the proposition that very disappointed when the measure it isn’t possible to reorder priorities approved by committee set NIH on a In addition, I would point out to my within function 550—the health ac- such a steep downward funding path. colleagues that under the budget reso- count—to make the necessary funding While I do not believe any program or lution, funding for function 550, the available to the NIH. To make the agency should be immune from reduc- health function, comes down 12.2 per- amount of funding contemplated by the tions in our efforts to get Federal cent overall. However, several accounts amendment available to the NIH, we spending under control, the NIH may are held harmless within that function, simply have to shift $1 billion within have been hit too hard. including the Food and Drug Adminis- function 550, an account that will total Some may say that a 10-percent cut tration, which would receive $884 mil- $120 billion in fiscal year 1996, rising to in NIH does not sound like a lot, but it lion—AIDS programs at the Health Re- $150 billion by 2002. Instead, the amend- is. The President’s proposed NIH budg- sources and Services Administration— ment takes money out of other ac- et of $11.8 billion was intended to sup- $656 million—the Indian Health Serv- counts, including funding for veterans, port 23,874 research project grants, ice—$1.963 billion—the Centers for Dis- and that seriously concerns me. which includes 6,046 new and competing ease Control—$2.88 billion—the Sub- The budget resolution already con- research project grants. Maybe that stance Abuse and Mental Health Serv- templates a phase-out of construction sounds like a high level, but it is not. ices Administration—$2.197 billion— of VA facilities. Higher prescription co- The President’s proposal represented a and AIDS research at NIH—$1.336 bil- payments for certain veterans are as- decrease of 522 new and competing lion. These programs were all held sumed. Outlays for veterans programs grants from this fiscal year, and the level. would actually amount to $500 million budget resolution funding level will I urge the House and Senate budget less next year compared to this year. lead to even further reductions. conferees to take a look at the entire And the Hatfield amendment would In 1987, by comparison, we funded al- health function to see if we are allo- take another $224 million a year out of most 7,200 new and competing grants. cating funds most appropriately in re- veterans programs on top of that. It is not commonly recognized, in addi- lation to the other budget functions.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00021 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7302 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 24, 1995 Obviously, I have no interest in see- through biomedical research. Recent each year. Because of the discoveries ing very vital programs such as Indian NIH advances in the therapy of sickle made by biomedical researchers over health or AIDS sustain unwise reduc- cell disease save an estimated $350 mil- the years, we live longer, healthier, tions. At the same time, I do not wish lion annually. Recent advances against and more active lives. Today, an Amer- to see the Administration of Justice alcoholism save $125 million annually. ican’s life expectancy is 75.5 years, an account, or veterans programs, for ex- Research underway to delay the onset increase of almost 5 years since 1970. ample, sustain inappropriate reduc- of blindness in diabetics and to delay If this progress is to continue, it is tions. the onset of Alzheimer’s could save bil- imperative that the NIH budget be pre- It is my desire that conferees take all lions. Simply delaying the onset of car- served. Stable NIH funding is required these competing needs into account diovascular disease by 5 years is esti- to maintain laboratories performing and create the best possible balance. mated to potentially save $70 billion cutting edge research. Even a short hi- That being said, Mr. President, I urge yearly. And clearly, without progress atus in funding results in loss of estab- adoption of the Hatfield amendment on against AIDS, will continue to spend lished research programs that can not NIH. billions in our hospitals and in lost be readily recovered. Mr. HOLLINGS. Mr. President, I human productivity. I urge my colleagues to support this thank the distinguished Senator from So, Mr. President, we cannot respon- amendment. Oregon, Senator HATFIELD, for his lead- sibly turn away from these research UNANIMOUS-CONSENT AGREEMENT ership in providing biomedical research needs. We must provide for them in the Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I ask funding, and I strongly support his budget, and Senator HATFIELD has pro- unanimous consent that, at the conclu- amendment to restore $1 billion per vided the vehicle to do so. Again, I sion of the debate on the Hatfield year that otherwise would be cut under thank him for his leadership and urge amendment, the Senate begin voting in this Senate budget resolution. all of my colleagues to support the the following sequence: on the Harkin Most basic biomedical research in Hatfield amendment. amendment, on the Feingold amend- this Nation is supported by the Na- Mr. LEVIN. Mr. President, I rise in ment, on or in relation to the Bumpers tional Institutes of Health. Nearly strong support of the Hatfield amend- amendment, on or in relation to the every week we hear of advances against ment which adds $1 billion to the budg- Dodd substitute, on or in relation to disease supported by NIH grants. As et for the National Institutes of Health the Snowe amendment, and on the Hat- such, NIH not only reduces suffering in [NIH]. The budget proposal before us field amendment. I further ask unani- our country, it lays the groundwork for recommends a 10 percent cut for the mous consent that the first vote in this economic growth and leads the world NIH in fiscal year 1996, and then a sequence be 20 minutes and thereafter in the fight against disease. freeze at this lower level through the the remaining ones, back to back, be 10 Despite our profound responsibility year 2002. This means that the NIH minutes each. to maintain NIH funding, we currently budget would be cut from $11.3 billion The PRESIDING OFFICER. Do I hear provide funds adequate to support only in fiscal year 1995 to $10.2 billion in fis- objection? one in four research proposals. The cal year 1996, and then frozen at $10.2 Mr. LEAHY. Reserving the right to Senate budget resolution could cut billion through 2002. object, and I shall not, I missed, Mr. that current support level to 1 in 10. If the proposed cuts are permitted to President, what the distinguished man- At that level, young researchers will take place, it would damage NIH re- ager said. Did he say when these votes be strongly encouraged to seek other search at a time of unprecedented pro- would begin? careers. The steady stream of Nobel ductivity, drive talented scientists, Mr. DOMENICI. Well, they will begin Prize winners at NIH—89 so far—will both young and established, into other when Senator HATFIELD’s time has run dry up. In short, we will be cutting into careers, and cause the United States to out. the muscle and bone of an institution lose its hard-won leadership in such Mr. LEAHY. I thank the Senator. I that demonstrates the best of Amer- fields as biotechnology and pharma- have no objection. ican Government and the best of ceuticals. Mr. EXON. Reserving the right to ob- human endeavor. Mr. President, NIH has been a tre- ject, and I do not intend to object, I Furthermore, the Senate budget res- mendous investment for the American would just say, for purposes of clari- olution funding levels would effectively people. The research supported by NIH fication, two things. With regard to the forestall life-saving, cost-effective re- has saved lives, reduced suffering, and Snowe amendment, could we insert in search. NIH is currently in the middle led to lower medical costs. The NIH has the language ‘‘the Snowe amendment, of many long-term projects that revo- an impressive collection of new suc- as amended, if amended’’? lutionary implications for medicine. cesses, such as the following list of Mr. DOMENICI. I have no objection. NIH is supporting a $3 billion, 15-year some fundamental discoveries and clin- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without effort to map the human genome. This ical advances for the past year: objection, it is so ordered. project underlies the revolution in ge- A revolution in cancer risk assess- Mr. EXON. One further question. netic medicine that has implications ment, the long-sought gene for some Could we get agreement at this time to for cancer, developmental disabilities, heredity breast cancers, BRCA-1, has move things along. As the Senator Alzheimer’s disease, juvenile diabetes, been isolated, as have genes that pre- from Nebraska has continually warned, and numerous other diseases. NIH dispose some patients to colon cancer, we are running out of time. Could we began a 12-year, $68 million prostrate melanoma, and kidney cancer. get an agreement, as a part of this cancer prevention trial in 1991. It began A simple drug, hydroxyurea, alters unanimous-consent agreement, to have a $50 million, 11-year childhood asthma the composition of hemoglobin and the votes on the series of amendments management program in the same thereby reduces by half the painful cri- that have been outlined by the chair- year. In 1990, it began a 12-year test of sis that commonly hospitalize patients man of the committee to start, I am tamozifen treatments for breast cancer with sickle cell disease. suggesting, maybe at 10 minutes after among a randomized group of 16,000 Hormone replacement successfully 10 or something of that nature? women. It continues to support the controls blood lipids in post- Mr. DOMENICI. I think Senator HAT- Framingham longitudinal investiga- menopausal women and likely reduces FIELD has 17 minutes. tion of factors influencing the develop- cardiovascular disease. Mr. HATFIELD. I have 17 minutes ment of cardiovascular disease, which A new acellular vaccine for whooping and other Senators are asking to be began in 1948. Next year NIH plans to cough is safe as well as effective. heard. I would agree, say, to a quarter support six centers specializing in hy- The biomedical research supported after 10, provided this time is not pertension research over 5 years. by NIH makes vital contributions to charged against my allotment. These are just a few examples of the the Nation’s health, improving the The PRESIDING OFFICER. The time critical research underway at NIH that quality of life, advancing science, and remaining to the Senator from Oregon should not be eliminated or delayed in creating economic growth. Advances is 14 minutes 56 seconds. the name of short-term budgetary derived from NIH research save an esti- Mr. HATFIELD. Does that include gains. The truth is, we save money mated $69 billion in medical care costs this period of colloquy?

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00022 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7303 The PRESIDING OFFICER. That health care can improve as we move So I support and look forward to vot- time has come out of the time of the along. ing for the amendment offered by the Senator from New Mexico, who re- This creates many jobs through the Senator from Oregon. quested the time. biomedical research and technology I yield back the remainder of my Mr. DOMENICI. So, Mr. President, transfers and all this adds, again, reve- time to the Senator from Oregon. for the understanding of everyone, Sen- nues to our deficit. The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. JEF- ator HATFIELD has 15 minutes, and I The resulting knowledge is essential FORDS). Who yields time? will yield back the remainder of the from these entities for established in- Mr. HATFIELD. Mr. President, I time on the amendment so we will have dustries such as DNA and other areas have a number of comments I wish to more time for other amendments, and of research. close with, but if there are questions we will proceed in this order. In other areas, we have saved already pending, I would like to respond. Mr. EXON. So the vote will be in the billions of dollars with respect to Mr. BYRD. Mr. President, will the area of 10:15? psychoactive drugs that save over $70 distinguished Senator yield for a ques- Mr. DOMENICI. That is about right. billion a year in hospitalization of tion? Mr. LEAHY. Reserving the right to mental patients. Vaccines and fluorida- Mr. HATFIELD. I will be very happy object, will the distinguished manager tion save countless health care dollars to yield. be willing to amend that to the fol- and, again, help reduce the deficit. Mr. BYRD. There is some confusion lowing: that after the series of votes, The recent discovery of bacterial as to where the offsets are coming the Senator from Vermont be recog- causes of peptic ulcers will save mil- from. Will the Senator please state nized for not to exceed 4 minutes to lions in chronic care costs. As I said where he is getting these offsets for his speak on two resolutions which will be over and over again, the same is true in increase in the NIH funding? voted on. education generally, not just medical Mr. HATFIELD. Mr. President, the Mr. EXON. Mr. President, it seems to education; that if we cut those things offsets are coming from nondefense dis- me that the Senator from Vermont, which are resulting in savings, then cretionary funds and accounts. I have with all due respect, is trying to step our job to solve the deficit problem pages of tables here on each precise ac- ahead of several other Senators whom will get worse and worse instead of bet- count that would indicate where they we have made commitments to. I would ter. are coming from. We have excluded So I commend the Senator from Or- ask the Senator to withdraw that re- within that Medicare, and the health egon for this amendment and support quest. services, but they are then from all it with enthusiasm. If I have any time Mr. LEAHY. I was not aware of the other remaining of the nondefense dis- remaining, I yield it back. commitments. Mr. HATFIELD. Mr. President, I cretionary accounts. Mr. BYRD. Well, I am a strong sup- I withdraw the request. thank the Senator for his comments. I porter of adequate funding of NIH re- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there yield 2 minutes to the Senator from objection? Hearing none, so ordered. New Hampshire. search programs, but we are already Mr. HATFIELD addressed the Chair. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- suffering terrible blows to nonmilitary The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- ator from New Hampshire is recognized discretionary programs. I would like to ator from Oregon is recognized. for 2 minutes. have seen the Senator’s amendment Mr. HATFIELD. I yield 3 minutes to Mr. GREGG. Mr. President, I wish to take the funds out of military discre- the Senator from Vermont. join with many of my colleagues today tionary programs and foreign aid. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- who support the amendment of the I would like to know just what other ator from Vermont. Senator from Oregon. In the process of programs are being cut. The distin- Mr. JEFFORDS. Mr. President, I rise developing a budget, we have to set pri- guished Senator has stated that cer- in strong support as a cosponsor of the orities and, in this instance, I think tain programs are not being cut. But Hatfield amendment. I also want to the Senator from Oregon has rightly what does this leave by way of non- commend the Senator from Florida for pointed out the initial budget resolu- military discretionary programs that his very eloquent statement on why tion had some priorities that should be are going to suffer additional cuts over the NIH is so important to this Nation, adjusted, and he has certainly pointed and above those that are already in- and I do not have too much to add to out the strengths and importance of volved in the resolution? that. NIH and what it contributes to the fab- Mr. HATFIELD. Mr. President, I will But I will point out that this is a per- ric of America’s society and it should respond by saying I wholeheartedly fect example of what can happen if we be supported. I strongly commend him agree. In fact, at the beginning of my are not careful as we go forward with for that. Therefore, I will vote for this time allocation today, I sent to the the debate on the budget and agree to amendment. desk a proposal that would take these cut things without recognizing that, in NIH is a unique institution. It is a funds, offset these funds from every- many cases, those things that we seek collection of some of the most talented thing in the discretionary area, includ- to cut to try to reduce the deficit, in and brilliant individuals from around ing military. effect, will add to the deficit. That is the world, but especially from the Having shopped that proposal around certainly true when it comes to med- United States, who are working to- the Senate, I calculated we would have ical research. gether to push the envelope of improv- had about 20 votes. So we would have Time and time again, we have been ing the health of not only the Amer- ended up with the dismantling, what I able to make breakthroughs through ican people but the world in general. call this proposal, which is a prelude to the research by the NIH. Those break- It is an institution which is also fair- disaster, of the medical research infra- throughs have resulted in considerable, ly delicate. That type of talent and structure we have developed in this if not substantial, and gigantic savings ability needs to be nurtured and needs country, the greatest in the world. in the cost of health care. to be supported, and it can be affected By taking a second-degree or with- We all know that as we move for- rather considerably by changes in its drawing the first and offering the sec- ward, the most essential area that we funding structure or in its general ond proposal, which was to exclude the have to control costs in is the health structure. military, by that action, we have care area. So I would say that the NIH Therefore, I want to commend and salvaged, at the expense of a fewer is clearly an entity that must be main- support what the Senator from Oregon other agencies than my first proposal, tained because this is one area where has decided to do with this amend- but we at least have salvaged the fu- they have a role and a role that must ment, which is to assure that NIH re- ture of NIH. be maintained to not only do the re- mains a strong and vibrant institution It is a matter of robbing Peter to pay search that they do at the NIH but, in as we move into the future, and that Paul, I suppose would be the most suc- addition to that, to take care of the re- their commitment to improving the cinct way to do it. Not my preference, search that is done in the hospitals, lives of all Americans will not in any but with the political reality I face on the training schools and the training way be undermined by this budget res- this floor, it was the only way I could universities, so that our whole area of olution. find to salvage and save NIH.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00023 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7304 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 24, 1995 Mr. BYRD. In other words, if I may New Mexico. I would not trade with revenue within the limited budget win- pursue the subject a bit further, it him for all the tea in China. I think dow—will many of these proposals would mean additional cuts in VA pro- Senator DOMENICI has probably one of withstand the straight face test. Only grams? the toughest jobs in the Senate. No by railroading these proposals through Mr. HATFIELD. Yes. matter what he does and his colleagues the Senate, under the very restrictive Mr. BYRD. It would mean additional on that committee, it is a no-win situa- and controlled conditions of budget cuts in education programs? tion. It is a very, very difficult task. I reconciliation, would many of these Mr. HATFIELD. Yes. think they have carried their duties proposals ever have a chance of becom- Mr. BYRD. It would mean additional with not only great skill, great dignity ing law. cuts in various other health programs? and, above all, with remarkable pa- I have not seen the Budget Commit- Mr. HATFIELD. Yes, various others. tience. I have been in the strategy tee’s latest scoring of these asset sales Nondefense discretionary funds, with meetings, and everybody is gigging, receipts. But I note for colleagues’ ben- the exclusion of the health programs and I am happy that everybody is tak- efit that the analysis that I have shows and Medicare. ing it out on good old PETE. I want to an interesting point. In the short term, Mr. BYRD. It would mean additional come to his defense—not that he needs the committee’s proposals produce def- cuts in law enforcement? my defense—but I admire him as chair- icit reduction. In the longer term, how- Mr. HATFIELD. Yes. man of the committee. I admire what ever, and certainly by the year 2002, Mr. BYRD. Mr. President, I thank he does and his dedication and spirit. these savings disappear. In fact, selling the distinguished Senator. I applaud And I deeply admire him as one of my these assets appears to reduce future his objective. I want to support the closest personal friends. revenues sufficiently that the actual amendment, but at the same time, I Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I effect by the year 2002 is that the def- find it hard to continue to cut more think the Senator has 1 minute. If he icit increases. Asset sales are short- and more and more from these other does not mind, I will use it. I person- term and short-sighted. nonmilitary discretionary programs. ally thank Senator HATFIELD for his It would be helpful to review why we I suppose we are faced with the comments. I think it is obvious to ev- produce these budget resolutions in the choice now of either voting for or eryone that you do not have a budget first place. The reason is not to balance against the amendment. I am sorry resolution like the one pending on the the budget. If it was, I’m sure we could that other nonmilitary programs are to floor without a lot of cooperation. On create some appropriate fiction which be cut. our side, let me say that the chairman showed budgetary balance by defini- We apparently do not have the votes of the Appropriations Committee clear- tion. in here to cut military funding. As an ly could have made this more difficult, But that’s not what we were supposed example, the B–2 bomber costs some- and he chose to go with us on a bal- to be doing here. We’re supposed to be where between $740 million and $1.2 bil- anced budget. He has been a strong ad- systematic. We’re supposed to be hon- lion per copy—and I believe that we vocate on it. We are not going in a di- est. We’re supposed to be consistent. have already committed ourselves to a rection he might choose, but I think he We’re supposed to address the sub- contract for 20 additional B–2 bombers indicated to me that he is so concerned stantive, structural issues which keep to be completed by the year 2000. There about our deficit spending that he com- the Federal Government spending— are many other military programs of pliments us on what we are doing. year in, year out—more money than it like manner that I could cite, but I will Let me also say there is no doubt in takes in. not do it at this time. I thank the dis- my mind that the funding for the NIH So what do we have here, buried deep tinguished Senator for allotting me that the distinguished Senator from in this bill? We have a trick, a gim- this opportunity to ask a question. Oregon seeks could be accommodated mick. We cut spending, by redefining Mr. HATFIELD. Mr. President, I in the budget resolution by the appro- what a cut is. Now, for the first time share the agony. Believe me, one might priators, by allocating differently and since we gave this budget process think that we have cause to celebrate a leaving more for the NIH. I think the teeth—with the passage of Gramm- victory if this amendment passes— Senator has decided he wants the Sen- Rudman—we can sell off national prop- which I expect it to do, and to survive ate to speak on the issue. I gather that erty—national assets—and include the conference, which I hope it could do— is the purpose of the vote. proceeds as deficit reduction. but I do not believe that it does call for I yield the floor. Mr. President, because of these cyni- a joint celebration because we have Mr. HATFIELD. Mr. President, I ask cally clever changes, we can now pro- achieved one goal at a pretty heavy for the yeas and nays. pose—for example—to sell nearly a bil- cost to an awful lot of other programs The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there a lion dollars’ worth of oil from the stra- that I have deep interest in, as well. It sufficient second? tegic petroleum, and chalk that up to is like choosing between your children. There is a sufficient second. deficit reduction. It is very difficult. The yeas and nays were ordered. Notwithstanding the fact that both Mr. President, if I could have the at- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the Democratic and Republican adminis- tention of the chairman of the Senate Senator from Oregon yield the remain- trations have endorsed expanding the Budget Committee, I would like to ask der of his time? SPR, notwithstanding the fact that a question for the RECORD. In the re- Mr. HATFIELD. Yes. hardly a week goes by without some oil port of the Budget Committee accom- Mr. DOMENICI. I yield any time I State Senator coming to the floor to panying this resolution, where there may have had remaining, Mr. Presi- talk about rising oil imports and the were exemptions listed within the re- dent. threats to national security, notwith- port language, if this amendment is AMENDMENT NO. 1130 standing the fact that at any time we adopted, do I understand clearly that Mr. BRADLEY. Mr. President, I rise could liquidate this oil inventory for that will then, in effect, eradicate, in support of the Bumpers-Bradley cash, how can we seriously allege that eliminate, excise those conditions amendment to strike language that this particular sale has anything to do within the report language of exemp- would allow us to count the sale of with positive public policy, with put- tions? public assets—parks, powerplants, ting our fiscal house in order, with cre- Mr. DOMENICI. The Senator is abso- buildings, even oil in national storage ating a better future for our children? lutely correct. facilities—as deficit reduction. Why stop at a billion dollars of SPR Mr. HATFIELD. Thank you. This bill language will open the oil? Sell it all. And credit the $10 bil- Mr. President, in closing, I thank my floodgates for proposals to unload valu- lion raised to balancing the budget or colleagues who joined in this effort. I able Federal assets in return for the protecting our children’s future. say that it is, I believe, a step in the fast buck. Many of these proposals, in This asset sale language will lead to right direction. But, at the same time, fact, will lead to reduced revenues in all sorts of questionable proposals. It I want to take a moment, once again, the future, and higher deficits. Only by may make sense to sell the assets of to commend the chairman of the Budg- a reliance on today’s political myo- the Tennessee Valley Authority, or et Committee, Senator DOMENICI from pia—a simpleminded scoring of sales Bonneville Power, or the hydrodams in

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00024 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7305 the West, or some small park in Lou- the rule was intended to prevent the term economic gains to be obtained by isiana or Texas or Virginia. But these use of asset sales from being used to drilling. It is not suited to considering arguments need to have a broader basis jimmy the figures, in other words to what benefits and values will be lost than the most simpleminded budget give the appearance of deficit reduc- for future generations of Americans by concerns. tion without really reducing spending. developing this pristine wildlife refuge. In fact, I doubt that any business ac- The same principle applies here The budget resolution and the subse- countant or economist would agree today. By changing the current rule quent reconciliation bill are two of the with the underlying budgetary prohibiting the scoring of Federal asset very few bills where Senate rules limit premise—that liquidating public assets sales, the budget resolution would debate and amendments. In my opin- adds to public wealth. If I sell my stock allow individual Committees to reach ion, this path does not provide an ade- portfolio and put the returns in my their deficit reduction targets by sell- quate opportunity to evaluate alter- checking account, do I become wealthi- ing off Federal properties. This is a natives, to question the assumptions er? Have I protected my children? It short-sighted strategy that sacrifices on which those projected economic may make sense to make sell my our children’s heritage for an imme- gains are based, or to fully consider the stocks, but the transaction itself pro- diate infusion of cash; we should not potential impacts of drilling on the duces no wealth—except for my broker. use their inheritance to pay our debts. fragile arctic environment. Consider the Arctic National Wildlife There are two examples where I These decisions could result in higher Refuge. We can lease the refuge to oil think this strategy is particularly mis- utility bills for middle-class Americans developers and sell any oil that might guided. The first is the sale of power across the country and significantly be underground to them. We will get marketing agencies that year after impact one of our most precious na- some money. The companies will get year provide affordable electricity to tional wildlife refuges. To ensure that the rights to oil. If they find oil, prob- people in rural communities across this these issues receive the full consider- ably it will be shipped to the Pacific country. The second is the leasing for ation and debate they deserve, I urge rim and burned completely. Have we oil and gas development of one of this my colleagues to reject the proposed done a lot for our kids? You must be Nation’s most magnificent wildlife ref- rule change that would allow the scor- joking. uges, the Arctic National Wildlife Ref- ing of federal asset sales and to vote At best, we can claim for our chil- uge in Alaska. for the Bumpers amendment. POWER MARKETING AGENCIES dren a neutral financial transaction. VOTE ON AMENDMENT NO. 1126 I’ve spoken many times before oppos- But what about the larger issues? If we The PRESIDING OFFICER. All time ing the sale of power marketing agen- go ahead with the development of has been yielded back. cies as a silly and shortsighted idea. ANWR, we damage probably irrev- According to the previous order, the It’s nonsense. We should be selling off ocably a unique, world-class eco- vote will now occur on amendment No. our infrastructure. We would be open- system. We consume utterly a non-re- 1126 offered by the Senators from Iowa ing the door to monopolies. And that newable resource. We get some cash. and Arkansas. spells higher utility bills for ratepayers If we forgo the drilling of ANWR, we Mr. EXON. Mr. President, I request in Montana and other States across the preserve intact this ecosystem. We pre- the yeas and nays. Nation. In other words, it’s nothing but serve intact any oil underground and The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there a a heavy-handed, punitive tax on the the possibility of future development. sufficient second? middle class. We do not get the cash. There is a sufficient second. I, frankly, reject any claim that our ARCTIC NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE The yeas and nays were ordered. children will thank us for using up this The budget resolution also proposes The PRESIDING OFFICER. The oil and running oil rigs and oil pipe- to lease the Arctic National Wildlife question is on agreeing to amendment lines across the Arctic Plain. Refuge, which is in the northeast cor- No. 1126. Mr. President, what the American ner of Alaska. The refuge supports a The clerk will call the roll. public expects, and what our children spectacular diversity of wildlife, in- The assistant legislative clerk called expect, is for us to get our fiscal house cluding polar bears, grizzly bears, the roll. in order. Our children are not asking us wolves, and snow geese. In addition, Mr. LOTT. I announce that the Sen- to sell off their collective inheritance. more than 150,000 caribou migrate ator from Missouri [Mr. BOND] is nec- Our children are not asking us to look through the refuge, bearing their essarily absent. narrowly at some budget window and young on the coastal plain. The car- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Are there forget that many of these assets ibou are an important source of food any other Senators in the Chamber de- produce public value—and I do not just for the native people who live near the siring to vote? mean financial value—beyond the win- refuge and continue, as their ancestors The result was announced—yeas 28, dow. have for generations, to depend on the nays 71, as follows: When one Member from the other land to sustain their way of life. In side of the aisle, Senator CRAIG, consid- 1987, the United States and Canada [Rollcall Vote No. 181 Leg.] ered this issue as a House Member, he signed an International Agreement for YEAS—28 said ‘‘asset sales are in fact blue smoke the Conservation of the Porcupine Car- Akaka Jeffords Murray and mirrors at best. If they are to hap- ibou Herd. Boxer Kennedy Pell Bradley Kerrey pen, they should be set off budget.’’ Ex- Under the Alaska National Interest Pryor Bumpers Kerry Reid actly right. Lands Conservation Act, which Con- Byrd Kohl Rockefeller Mr. BAUCUS. I rise today in support gress passed in 1980, oil and gas devel- Daschle Lautenberg Sarbanes of the amendment offered by my col- opment is prohibited in the 19 million Dorgan Leahy Simon Feingold Levin Wellstone league, Senator BUMPERS, to strike a acre refuge unless authorized by Con- Harkin Moseley-Braun provision of the budget resolution that gress. Because the 1.5 million acre Hatfield Moynihan would allow scoring of revenues from coastal plain is such an important and NAYS—71 the sale of Federal assets. Make no unique are for wildlife, I believe it Abraham Cohen Glenn mistake, I believe in reducing the Fed- should be permanently protected. I Ashcroft Conrad Gorton eral deficit. But this is simply the have cosponsored a bill (S. 428) to des- Baucus Coverdell Graham wrong way to do it. ignate that area as wilderness. Bennett Craig Gramm Biden D’Amato Grams The current rule prohibiting the However, regardless of whether you Bingaman DeWine Grassley scoring of Federal asset sales, first agree with me that this area should be Breaux Dodd Gregg adopted as part of the 1987 Gramm- permanently protected or, as the Budg- Brown Dole Hatch Rudman-Hollings Act, has been incor- et Committee proposes, it should be Bryan Domenici Heflin Burns Exon Helms porated into recent budget resolutions. opened for drilling, I believe this issue Campbell Faircloth Hollings When it was first adopted, Senator is too significant and too complex to be Chafee Feinstein Hutchison Chiles, then chairman of the Senate resolved during the budget process. The Coats Ford Inhofe Budget Committee, made it clear that budget process focuses on the short- Cochran Frist Inouye

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00025 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7306 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 24, 1995 Johnston Mikulski Simpson Specter Thomas Thurmond Mr. GLENN. I move to lay that mo- Kassebaum Murkowski Smith Stevens Thompson Warner Kempthorne Nickles tion on the table. Snowe NOT VOTING—1 Kyl Nunn Specter The motion to lay on the table was Lieberman Packwood Stevens Bond agreed to. Lott Pressler Thomas Lugar Robb So the amendment (No. 1127) was re- Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, what Thompson jected. Mack Roth Thurmond is the pending business? McCain Santorum Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I Warner VOTE ON AMENDMENT NO. 1131 McConnell Shelby move to reconsider the vote. NOT VOTING—1 Mr. COHEN. I move to lay that mo- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The question occurs with respect to amend- Bond tion on the table. The motion to lay on the table was ment No. 1131 offered by the Senator So the amendment (No. 1126) was re- agreed to. from Connecticut [Mr. DODD] to jected. VOTE ON AMENDMENT NO. 1130 amendment No. 1128, offered by the Mr. EXON. Mr. President, the Senate The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Maine [Ms. SNOWE]. is not in order. question now is on agreeing to amend- Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- ment No. 1130 of Senator BUMPERS. move to lay that amendment on the ate will be in order. Mr. DOMENICI addressed the Chair. table, and I ask for the yeas and nays. Mr. EXON. Mr. President, I ask for The PRESIDING OFFICER. The ma- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there a the yeas and nays on two amendments jority manager of the bill. sufficient second? Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I that have been previously ordered to be There is a sufficient second. voted on. I ask for the yeas and nays on move to table the Bumpers amendment the Feingold amendment and the yeas and ask for the yeas and nays. The yeas and nays were ordered. and nays on the Dodd substitute. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there a The PRESIDING OFFICER. The The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there a sufficient second? question is on agreeing to the motion sufficient second? There is a sufficient second. to lay on the table amendment No. The yeas and nays were ordered. 1131. The yeas and nays have been or- Is there objection to ordering the The PRESIDING OFFICER. The yeas and nays en bloc? dered. The clerk will call the roll. question is on agreeing to the motion The legislative clerk called the roll. Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, there to table the Bumpers amendment, No. is no motion en bloc, is there? 1130. The yeas and nays have been or- Mr. LOTT. I announce that the Sen- The PRESIDING OFFICER. There is dered. The clerk will call the roll. ator from Missouri [Mr. BOND] is nec- a sufficient second. Hearing no objec- The bill clerk called the roll. essarily absent. tion, the yeas and nays are ordered. Mr. LOTT. I announce that the Sen- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Are there The yeas and nays were ordered. ator from Missouri [Mr. BOND] is nec- any other Senators in the Chamber de- VOTE ON AMENDMENT NO. 1127 essarily absent. siring to vote? The PRESIDING OFFICER. The The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. The result was announced—yeas 51, question is on agreeing to amendment CAMPBELL). Are there any other Sen- nays 48, as follows: No. 1127. ators in the Chamber who desire to [Rollcall Vote No. 184 Leg.] The yeas and nays have been ordered. vote? The result was announced—yeas 52, YEAS—51 The clerk will call the roll. nays 47, as follows: Abraham Gorton McConnell The legislative clerk called the roll. Ashcroft Gramm Murkowski [Rollcall Vote No. 183 Leg.] Mr. LOTT. I announce that the Sen- Bennett Grams Nickles YEAS—52 Brown Grassley Packwood ator from Missouri [Mr. BOND] is nec- Abraham Gramm Murkowski Burns Gregg Pressler essarily absent. Ashcroft Grams Nickles Chafee Hatch Roth The PRESIDING OFFICER. Are there Bennett Grassley Packwood Coats Hatfield Santorum Cochran Helms Shelby any other Senators in the Chamber Brown Gregg Pressler Cohen Hutchison Simpson Burns Hatch Roth who desire to vote? Coverdell Inhofe Smith Campbell Hatfield Santorum The result was announced—yeas 44, Chafee Helms Craig Kassebaum Snowe Shelby D’Amato Kempthorne Specter nays 55, as follows: Coats Hutchison Simpson Cochran Inhofe DeWine Kyl Stevens Smith [Rollcall Vote No. 182 Leg.] Coverdell Jeffords Dole Lott Thomas Snowe YEAS—44 Craig Kassebaum Domenici Lugar Thompson Specter D’Amato Kempthorne Faircloth Mack Thurmond Akaka Feinstein Levin DeWine Kyl Stevens Frist McCain Warner Biden Ford Mikulski Dole Lott Thomas Bingaman Glenn Moseley-Braun Domenici Lugar Thompson NAYS—48 Boxer Graham Moynihan Faircloth Mack Thurmond Akaka Feingold Leahy Breaux Harkin Murray Frist McCain Warner Baucus Feinstein Levin Bryan Heflin Nunn Gorton McConnell Biden Ford Lieberman Bumpers Hollings Pell Bingaman Glenn Mikulski Byrd Inouye Pryor NAYS—47 Boxer Graham Moseley-Braun Chafee Johnston Reid Akaka Feingold Levin Bradley Harkin Moynihan Conrad Kennedy Robb Baucus Feinstein Breaux Heflin Murray Daschle Kerrey Lieberman Rockefeller Biden Ford Bryan Hollings Nunn Dodd Kerry Mikulski Bingaman Glenn Bumpers Inouye Pell Dorgan Kohl Sarbanes Moseley-Braun Boxer Graham Byrd Jeffords Pryor Exon Lautenberg Simon Moynihan Bradley Harkin Campbell Johnston Reid Feingold Leahy Wellstone Murray Breaux Heflin Nunn Conrad Kennedy Robb Daschle NAYS—55 Bryan Hollings Pell Kerrey Rockefeller Bumpers Inouye Dodd Kerry Sarbanes Pryor Abraham Faircloth Lott Byrd Johnston Dorgan Kohl Simon Reid Ashcroft Frist Lugar Cohen Kennedy Exon Lautenberg Wellstone Robb Baucus Gorton Mack Conrad Kerrey Bennett Gramm McCain Daschle Kerry Rockefeller NOT VOTING—1 Bradley Grams Sarbanes McConnell Dodd Kohl Bond Brown Grassley Murkowski Dorgan Lautenberg Simon Burns Gregg Nickles Exon Leahy Wellstone So the motion to lay on the table the Campbell Hatch Packwood Coats Hatfield NOT VOTING—1 amendment (No. 1131) was agreed to. Pressler Cochran Helms Roth Bond Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I Cohen Hutchison Santorum move to reconsider the vote. Coverdell Inhofe So the motion to table the amend- Craig Jeffords Shelby Mr. EXON. I move to lay that motion Simpson ment (No. 1130) was agreed to. D’Amato Kassebaum Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I on the table. DeWine Kempthorne Smith Dole Kyl Snowe move to reconsider the vote by which The motion to lay on the table was Domenici Lieberman the motion was agreed to. agreed to.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00026 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7307 VOTE ON AMENDMENT NO. 1128 Boxer Gramm Moseley-Braun did it was the clerk read one sentence The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Bradley Grams Moynihan explaining it and we voted. Breaux Grassley Murkowski question now occurs on Amendment Brown Gregg Murray Mrs. BOXER. Mr. President, I think I No. 1128 offered by the Senator from Bryan Harkin Nickles can enlighten my friend. It is this Sen- Maine [Ms. SNOWE]. Bumpers Hatch Nunn ator’s intention to use only about 5 or Burns Hatfield The yeas and nays have been ordered. Packwood 6 minutes, then to yield back my time Campbell Heflin Pell Chafee Helms on this amendment to my ranking The clerk will call the roll. Pressler Cohen Hollings The bill clerk called the roll. Pryor member, Senator EXON, and then he Conrad Hutchison will yield to other Senators to explain Mr. LOTT. I announce that the Sen- Coverdell Inhofe Reid ator from Missouri [Mr. BOND] is nec- D’Amato Inouye Robb their amendments. That is the plan. essarily absent. Daschle Jeffords Roth Mr. DOMENICI. That is fine. I just DeWine Kassebaum Santorum want Senators to know that even if the The PRESIDING OFFICER. Are there Sarbanes Dodd Kennedy Senator yields her time I do not have any other Senators in the Chamber de- Dole Kerrey Shelby siring to vote? Domenici Kerry Simon to yield my time. I would like to get The result was announced—yeas 39, Dorgan Kohl Simpson some understanding of how we are Exon Lautenberg Snowe nays 60, as follows: going to use the time because I will use Faircloth Leahy Specter an hour in opposition. On the other [Rollcall Vote No. 185 Leg.] Feingold Levin Stevens Feinstein Lieberman hand, we might be able to work out YEAS—39 Thomas Ford Lugar Thurmond something, if the Senator would like. Abraham Harkin Murkowski Frist Mack Warner Mr. EXON. I appreciate the attitude Akaka Hatch Pressler Glenn McConnell Wellstone Biden Helms Rockefeller Graham Mikulski expressed by the chairman of the Budg- et Committee. I appreciate the re- Bingaman Hollings Roth NAYS—14 Bradley Kassebaum Santorum marks and the agreement made by the Brown Kempthorne Simon Ashcroft Gorton McCain Senator from California. Campbell Kennedy Simpson Byrd Johnston Rockefeller What we are trying to do is give Sen- Chafee Kyl Snowe Coats Kempthorne Smith Cohen Levin Specter Cochran Kyl Thompson ators on this side 2 or 3 minutes to ex- Feingold Lott Stevens Craig Lott plain amendments that will later be of- Frist Lugar Thomas fered, and trying to use the time in Grams McCain Thurmond NOT VOTING—1 Grassley Moseley-Braun Wellstone Bond that fashion. Hopefully we can cooper- ate. NAYS—60 So the amendment (No. 1133) was Mr. DOMENICI. I wonder if the Sen- Ashcroft Dorgan Lautenberg agreed to. ator might permit me. I will depend on Baucus Exon Leahy Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I the Senator from Nebraska totally. Bennett Faircloth Lieberman move to reconsider the vote by which Boxer Feinstein Mack When she yields, if the Senator from Breaux Ford McConnell the amendment was agreed to. Nebraska would use 10 minutes or so Mr. REID. I move to lay that motion Bryan Glenn Mikulski while I am off the floor, then I will Bumpers Gorton Moynihan on the table. come back. Burns Graham Murray The motion to lay on the table was Byrd Gramm Nickles Mr. EXON. I will be able to use that, Coats Gregg Nunn agreed to. or as much time that the Senator from Mr. EXON. Mr. President, I believe Cochran Hatfield Packwood New Mexico cares to be gone. Conrad Heflin Pell now we would proceed under the pre- Mr. DOMENICI. I thank the Senator Coverdell Hutchison Pryor viously agreed to order. I yield such Craig Inhofe Reid very much. I would like to use mine in D’Amato Inouye Robb time as she may need to the Senator opposition. Daschle Jeffords Sarbanes from the State of California. AMENDMENT NO. 1134 DeWine Johnston Shelby The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Dodd Kerrey Smith (Purpose: To strengthen the sense of the ator from California [Mrs. BOXER]. Dole Kerry Thompson Congress that 90 percent of the benefits of Domenici Kohl Warner Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, will any tax cuts must go to the middle class) the Senator yield on my time? NOT VOTING—1 Mrs. BOXER. Of course. I am happy Mrs. BOXER. Mr. President, I send an Bond to yield. amendment to the desk and ask for its So the amendment (No. 1128) was re- Mr. DOMENICI. How much time re- immediate consideration. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The jected. mains on the bill? The PRESIDING OFFICER. One hour clerk will report. Mr. GLENN. Mr. President, I move to The assistant legislative clerk read forty-nine minutes. reconsider the vote. as follows: Mr. EXON. Mr. President, I move to Mr. DOMENICI. It is divided about The Senator from California [Mrs. BOXER] lay that motion on the table. equally? Mr. EXON. I believe the time rests proposes an amendment numbered 1134. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Mrs. BOXER. Mr. President, I ask objection, it is so ordered. with the minority. Is that correct? unanimous consent that reading of the VOTE ON AMENDMENT NO. 1133 The PRESIDING OFFICER. The time amendment be dispensed with. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The controlled by the Senator from Ne- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without question now occurs on amendment braska is 1 hour and 49 minutes. objection, it is so ordered. numbered 1133, offered by the Senator Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I The amendment is as follows: from Oregon [Mr. HATFIELD]. On page 89, strike line 1 through 17 and in- want to remind Senators that when sert the following: The yeas and nays have been ordered. that 1 hour and 49 minutes is up—and, The clerk will call the roll. SEC. 306. PROHIBITION OF LEGISLATION THAT obviously, if the Senator uses the full WOULD INCLUDE A TAX CUT UNLESS The legislative clerk called the roll. hour—we will use a full hour on our 90 PERCENT OF THE BENEFITS GO Mr. LOTT. I announce that the Sen- side on the amendment. Then there TO THE MIDDLE CLASS. ator from Missouri [Mr. BOND] is nec- will not be any time left. (a) FINDING.—The Congress finds that— essarily absent. (1) the incomes of middle-class families It would seem to me that we ought to have stagnated since the early 1980’s, with The PRESIDING OFFICER. Are there try to expedite things and find out how family incomes growing more slowly be- any other Senators in the Chamber de- many amendments are real. I will try tween 1979 and 1989 than in any other busi- siring to vote? to do that in the next 10 minutes; find ness cycle since World War II; and The result was announced—yeas 85, out exactly how many amendments we (2) according to the Department of the nays 14, as follows: must have on our side. I hope we will Treasury, in 1996, approximately 90 percent of American families will have incomes less [Rollcall Vote No. 186 Leg.] try because I think Senators must than $100,000. YEAS—85 know. Last year, on the budget resolu- (b) POINT OF ORDER.—It shall not be in Abraham Baucus Biden tion, there were 20 or 35 amendments, order in the Senate to consider any bill, res- Akaka Bennett Bingaman and the way the majority leader then olution, amendment, motion, or conference

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00027 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7308 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 24, 1995 report that contains a reduction in revenues break. That is what is hidden in the so- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- unless at least 90 percent of the benefits of called reserve for tax cuts. That is ator has used 5 minutes now. There that reduction goes to working families with what the House has already voted on. were 6. She has two additional min- annual incomes less than $100,000. We know that corporate subsidies are utes. (c) APPEALS.—Appeals in the Senate from protected and tax loopholes are saved. decisions of the Chair relating to this section Mrs. BOXER. I thank the Chair. shall be limited to 1 hour, to be equally di- As a matter of fact, when we tried even So every single Republican save one vided between and controlled by, the appel- to end the one that goes to the billion- voted for the sense of the Senate. Now lant and the manager of the bill or resolu- aire Benedict Arnolds who leave the we are putting some teeth into that tion, as the case may be. An affirmative vote country to avoid taxes, we could not sense-of-the-Senate resolution. Now we of three-fifths of the Members of the Senate, even get that one through. are saying if the Republicans come up duly chosen and sworn, shall be required in I think another chart by the Demo- with a tax cut that benefits the rich, it the Senate to sustain an appeal of the ruling cratic leader shown to us in this debate will take 60 votes to allow that tax cut of the Chair on a point of order raised under tells the story. Working families pay to move forward. This is a chance for this section. for GOP tax cuts for wealthy. Here is (d) CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE RE- my Republican friends to stand up and PORTS.—Whenever the Director of the Con- the family. Seniors pay $6,400 more due be counted for the middle class. gressional Budget Office shall prepare a re- to the changes in Medicare. Working Now, in the course of this debate, port pursuant to section 308 of the Congres- families pay $1,400 more because of the Senator GREGG, Senator BROWN, and sional Budget Act of 1974 in connection with changes in the earned-income tax cred- Senator DOMENICI referenced my sense- a bill, resolution, or conference report that it. Students pay $3,000 more over the of-the-Senate resolution that passed contains a reduction in revenues, the Direc- lifetime of the loans because of the and is part of the budget resolution. tor shall so state in that report, and, to the change in the cuts in student loans. extent practicable, shall include an estimate They said this Senate is on record; we So that is who is paying for the tax believe that tax cuts should go to the of the amount of the reduction in revenues cuts for the wealthy. Who? Those over and the percent of the benefits of that reduc- middle class and the middle class only. tion in revenue that will go to working fami- $350,000 will get a $20,000 tax cut. That Well, now is where the rubber meets lies with annual incomes less than $100,000. is in the contract, and that has been the road. They have a chance to cast (e) ESTIMATES.—Solely for the purposes of voted by the Republican House. their vote on the side of those earning enforcement of this section on the Senate Now, will there be tax cuts? We hear $100,000 or less. They have a chance to floor, the percentage of benefits of a reduc- the chairman of the Budget Committee say that those will be the only tax cuts tion in revenues going to working families saying there are not going to be tax that come before us. with annual incomes less than $100,000 shall cuts. ‘‘I do not have them in there. It is be determined on the basis of estimates I say to my colleagues, this is an op- going to be awhile.’’ portunity to stand with the middle made by the Congressional Budget Office. I say to my friends that there are (f) SUNSET.—This section shall expire at class, to stand with those hard-working going to be tax cuts. Look at what the the close of the 104th Congress. Americans and to say to those who majority leader says, Senator DOLE. earn over $350,000, over $250,000: Listen, Mrs. BOXER. Mr. President, I ask ‘‘We are going to have tax cuts.’’ It you are great Americans, but it is time unanimous consent that I be able to does not say ‘‘maybe.’’ It says, ‘‘We are for you to pay your fair share and it is speak for 6 minutes. going to have tax cuts.’’ He said it on The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without time for others to get some of the May 9. He said it on March 11. ‘‘I am objection, it is so ordered. breaks that you have received. certain that Senate tax cuts will be as Mrs. BOXER. Mr. President, we are I think it is important to close with big in magnitude as the House,’’ Sen- asking the question again with this a quote from Kevin Phillips, a Repub- ator DOLE. Boxer amendment: ‘‘Whose side are you lican, who said about this budget the Senator GRAMM: on?’’ And with many amendments that following: I don’t think a budget without a tax cut have come before this body which have can pass. Spending on Government programs for all been revenue neutral which have Medicare and education to home heating oil And we know that is true because not added 1 cent to the deficit, we have assistance is to be reduced in ways that hurt Senator FEINGOLD just had an amend- asked this question: ‘‘Whose side are the poor and middle class, while simulta- ment that would have taken that little you on?″ neously taxes are to be cut in ways that ben- honeypot and put it toward deficit re- efit the top 1 or 2 percent of Americans. I think that this Boxer amendment duction, and it went down because Re- gives all of us a chance to answer that Kevin Phillips closes his remarks, publicans voted against it. question one more time. and he says about this budget, with So to UPI, Senator GRAMM said in The amendment says that the only these tax cuts in it: March: tax cuts that will be in order in this It deserves to be rejected with outrage. Let me assure you that tax cuts are in Congress will be tax cuts where 90 per- order in the Republican Senate. I am for Those are his words, a Republican cent of the benefits go to those earning them. They are part of our Contract With who has looked at this budget. I think under $100,000 per year. Any other tax America. that the Boxer amendment that clearly cut plan will be subjected to a 60-vote So that really shows you the facts. points out that a point of order will lie point of order. There is going to be a tax cut, and against any tax cut that does not ben- So this is our opportunity to really what this Senator from California is efit the middle class is one which we take a stand with the middle class, not saying is, if there are going to be tax should all agree to and vote for in a bi- just in words but in actual votes. cuts, let us make sure they go to those partisan way. I thank the Chair. Why is this amendment necessary? earning under $100,000. I think it is I yield my time back to the Senator Simply because the Republican con- very important. from Nebraska. tract calls for tax cuts for the very Now, I want to say to my friends who Mr. JOHNSTON. Mr. President, will wealthy, the very top 1, 2 percent of are debating in their mind how they the Senator yield to me? the people, and I would like to point are going to vote that in the com- Mrs. BOXER. I have yielded my time this out, courtesy of Senator LAUTEN- mittee, every single Republican except back to the Senator from Nebraska. BERG. We have some facts here. one, Senator GRAMM, voted for the The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. The winners in the Republican budg- Boxer amendment that was a sense-of- INHOFE). The Senator from Nebraska. et clearly are wealthy. Nothing that the-Senate that said 90 percent of the Mr. EXON. We are now going to go has happened on this floor has changed tax cuts should go to those earning forward in an orderly fashion. I yield 2 it. Indeed, the amendments that we $100,000 or less. minutes to the Senator from Lou- had, which would have helped this bal- I ask for 1 additional minute. isiana. Following the Senator from ance tilt back toward the middle class, The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Louisiana, I had committed to yield 1 have gone down in flames because of ate will be in order. minute to the Senator from Maryland, party-line votes. Without objection, it is so ordered. 2 minutes to the other Senator from So clearly the winners are the rich, The Senator has 1 additional minute. Maryland, 2 minutes to the Senator $350,000 a year, and this Republican Mrs. BOXER. Is that the remainder from New Mexico, 4 minutes to the budget will give them a $20,000 tax of my time? Senator from Massachusetts, 2 minutes

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00028 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7309 to the Senator from Nevada, and then This I think is a breach of the con- people at the National Institutes of we will go to a main amendment of the tract with the Federal employees. I Health that we just extolled the vir- Senator from North Dakota. think it is clearly unfair to them. The tues of when we supported NIH. Mr. JOHNSTON addressed the Chair. amendment honoring our contract with We talked a great deal about a won- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Federal employees is paid for by clos- derful physician by the name of Dr. ator from Louisiana is recognized. ing the billionaires’ tax loophole that Rosenberg who has devoted his life to Mr. JOHNSTON. Mr. President, the allows very wealthy people to escape saving lives and curing cancer, and now Johnston amendment takes the $170 paying taxes by renouncing their this amendment will cut his Federal billion fund which is reserved exclu- American citizenship. pension. It is both a reality and a met- sively for tax cuts and permits such Mr. President, I regret that Federal aphor for people who gave up careers part of that as the Senate wishes to al- employees are constantly being used as that would have paid more in the pri- locate to reduce the cuts in Medicare. whipping boys in the course of these vate sector but wanted to serve their Under the Domenici proposal now be- budget deliberations. Behind the country and they thought they would fore the Senate, there is $257 billion cut phrase Federal worker are individual have an adequate health insurance plan from Medicare in the amounts shown men and women who every day go in and a reasonable retirement plan. in each of these years. What I would do and try to do a dedicated job and So, Mr. President, I really ask the is authorize that the $170 billion be re- render a service to the American peo- U.S. Senate to support the Sarbanes- stored in the manner shown here so ple. They perform critical and impor- Mikulski amendment to ensure that that net cuts in Medicare would tant functions each and every day with promises made are promises kept and amount to only one-third of those pro- a great deal of dedication and a great that we can continue to attract the posed by Senator DOMENICI. There deal of devotion, and in my judgment kind of quality work force for the Fed- would be no cuts at all in the first 2 they are entitled to be treated with eral Government that we have had. years and a minimal cut in the third dignity and respect. Mr. DOMENICI addressed the Chair. year, and overall there would be less Federal employees have already in The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- than a third the cuts which are pres- the various deficit reduction programs ator from New Mexico. ently proposed. Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I Mr. President, this amendment made very significant sacrifices. We yield myself 15 minutes in opposition places in stark contrast the fact that are talking about men and women who to the Boxer amendment. Medicare cuts are not required in order have worked hard in service to their The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- to balance the budget. At least two- country. They have earned their bene- ator from New Mexico. thirds of those cuts are not required to fits, and the rules ought not to be Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, let me balance the budget. Two-thirds of the changed on them as they are approach- suggest to my good friend if we would Medicare cuts proposed by Senator ing retirement. The existing provision, the 3-year like to build a little bit of back and DOMENICI and now backed by the Sen- forth on this, I am more than willing. ate are required to lower taxes, and to provision, has been in effect for more Otherwise, we will use the hour in op- lower taxes on the wealthy, not re- than a quarter of a century. People quired to balance the budget. have calculated their retirement and position to the Boxer amendment. I Mr. President, this does not require their ability to meet their financial ob- would very much like to know where that we spend the money to reduce ligations based on the current system, we are. Medicare cuts, but it authorizes that. and we ought not to come along at the Mr. REID addressed the Chair. And I will tell my colleagues that we very end and change the rules on them, The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- have not the foggiest notion how we by shifting the basis on which their re- ator from Nevada. are going to achieve those Medicare tirement is being calculated. Mr. REID. Mr. President, if I could cuts. We have not been told. We are The truth is that Federal workers direct a question through you to the told there might be a commission ap- give dedicated service to their country manager of the bill, to the chairman. pointed. What I am saying is the Sen- and have earned their benefits. They The Senator was off the floor. There ate ought to have the freedom to de- made a choice to serve their country are a few of us here that have only a cide whether or not, after this budget with an understanding of what that couple of minutes to explain what our resolution passes, and after we make service entailed and what they could amendments would be, and it would that $170 billion in savings, we ought to expect in return. To change the rules probably be that we will only have a have the freedom to spend that $170 bil- breaches the contract with these em- couple minutes to maybe get these out lion to reduce the impact of Medicare ployees. This is an issue of fairness and of the way. Would that be possible? cuts on our senior citizens. I urge my colleagues to join me in sup- Mr. DOMENICI. The way it is now, All the public opinion polls say 80 port of this important amendment. you have an hour, the rest of an hour, percent of the people of this country Ms. MIKULSKI addressed the Chair. and I have an hour. I would like to be are opposed to these deep Medicare The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- accommodating. cuts. Now, why does the Senate want ator from Maryland [Ms. MIKULSKI], is Mr. EXON. I simply say to my friend, to lock itself into reducing Medicare recognized for 1 minute. we want to be accommodating, too. We by that much when all we have to do is Ms. MIKULSKI. I thank the Chair. know the situation we are in. I have give ourselves the freedom to take the Mr. President, I rise in strong sup- three additional Senators which I had tax cut for the wealthy and spend it to port of the Sarbanes-Mikulski amend- assigned time, of which Senator REID is reduce the Medicare cuts? ment which strikes the provision which one of them. There is 1 minute, 2 min- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- cuts Federal employee retirement ben- utes, and 2 minutes. If we could accom- ator’s time has expired. efits. The proposed change in the budg- modate those Senators who have been The Senator from Maryland is recog- et resolution would reduce lifetime re- waiting—and I do not want to be un- nized for 2 minutes. tirement benefits for Federal employ- fair—for the next 5 minutes, at least RETIREMENT BENEFITS OF FEDERAL EMPLOYEES ees between 2 and 4 percent. we would take care of the first round of Mr. SARBANES. Mr. President, the Now, that might not sound like that the attempts that this Senator is try- amendment which I will be sending to much, but for an average Federal work- ing to make to accommodate a whole the desk at the proper time on behalf er, that could mean as much as a loss group of Senators on this side who of myself, Senator MIKULSKI, Senator of $27,000 or more over a lifetime. want to speak. WARNER, Senator ROBB, and Senator Mr. President, this is outrageous. We Could we complete the first round, in BINGAMAN goes directly at a provision are changing the rules of the game on line with the question from the Sen- that is in the budget resolution which Federal employees in the middle of ator from Nevada? is going to change the calculation of their career or near the end of their ca- Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I retirement benefits for Federal em- reer. I have Federal employees in my yield the floor and reserve my 15 min- ployees from the employee’s highest 3- State, 130,000 of them. They are the ci- utes until the Senator’s wishes as ex- year average to the highest 5-year av- vilian work force that makes your Air pressed are completed. Then I will erage. Force One keep flying. They are the speak in opposition to the amendment.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00029 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7310 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 24, 1995 The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who that is our National Park System. And Rehabilitation of park structures, seeks recognition? that will only partially do it, because roads, trails, and utility systems is Mr. BINGAMAN addressed the Chair. there is a $2 billion backlog. I will critical to the health and safety of visi- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- apply the $1 billion toward this. tors as well as employees. With in- ator from New Mexico is recognized for Mr. President, I rise today to propose creased visitation to our national park 2 minutes. an amendment to the 1996 Budget Rec- system the proposed decrease in fund- CIVILIAN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT onciliation Act that over the next 7 ing is going to limit the Park Service’s Mr. BINGAMAN. Mr. President, I years would restore $1 billion in fund- ability to serve the public. ing to the National Park Service to al- wanted to speak just briefly on an There are many examples of the ter- amendment that I will be offering, leviate its devastating maintenance backlog. These fund would be drawn rible conditions that have befallen our along with Senators LIEBERMAN, national treasures. In my own State of ROCKEFELLER, BIDEN, HOLLINGS, BYRD, from the $170 billion reserve fund. With my amendment the money can only be Nevada, the Lake Mead National and KERRY from Massachusetts for a Recreation Area has an antiquated vote later on today. used for restoration, renovation, or maintenance of our national parks. water treatment system. After State The amendment attempts to restore officials inspected the park’s various some of the funds that are proposed to As Teddy Roosevelt, the man most responsible for the conservation move- water treatment facilities they noti- be eliminated in the civilian research fied the park service that because of and development accounts. This ment involving our public lands once said and I quote, ‘‘Surely our people do surface water facility deficiencies, amendment is attempting to retain as water supplied in areas of the park much as we can of the U.S. science and not understand even yet the rich herit- age that is theirs. There can be nothing poses an acute risk to human health. technology enterprise which has The park then posted signs requesting brought such great results to our coun- in the world more beautiful than the Yosemite, the groves of giant sequoias visitors to boil their water before try and to the world. drinking. For a park that received 10 This chart, I believe, sums it up very and redwoods, the canyon of Colorado, the canyon of Yellowstone, the tetons; million visitors last year this is an out- well. This shows what has happened to rage. As a result of the current budget Federal civilian research and develop- and our people should see to it that they are preserved for their children proposals it may take as long as 10 ment as a percentage of gross domestic years before this problem is corrected. product from 1960 until the end of this and their children’s children forever, century if we were to take the budget with their majestic beauty all Here are some other examples that il- proposal that is now pending on the unmarred.’’ These words spoken by lustrate my concerns of what can be Senate floor. As you can see, under the Theodore Roosevelt in 1905 ring true expected if this budget becomes an re- today. But, the very government, this proposed GOP budget, there will be an ality. At Independence National His- Congress, that has been given the re- additional dramatic drop off in Federal torical Park there would be extensive sponsibility to protect the crown jew- support for civilian research and devel- building closures—total or partial clo- els, better known as our national parks opment. This includes the National In- sure of 11 of the 14 buildings open to and recreation areas, is abdicating that stitutes of Health funding which we the public resulting in elimination of trust. 700,000 to 800,000 park visits. earlier had a vote on, but it also in- That is why I have come to the floor cludes many other areas of funding today to highlight a matter of national At Yosemite National Park, oper- that the Federal Government supports concern. I am speaking of the out- ational oversight of concessions would in the research and development area. rageous and deplorable conditions of be reduced. Campfire programs and vis- You can see the last year we had a our national parks and recreation itor centers hours would be reduced balanced budget in this country, about areas. The spending cuts proposed by and some visitor centers would simply 1968–1969, we were spending something this budget would reverse a long- close. Preventative maintenance on fa- in the range of 0.7 of our gross domes- standing trend of committed support cilities would cease and cutbacks in tic product on civilian research and de- by the citizens of this nation to the snow removal would delay road open- velopment. If this budget is adopted, continued preservation and protection ings over mountain passes. Addition- we will be spending less than 0.3 per- of its National Park System. ally, campground seasons would be cent, less than half of that. We will be In today’s environment of fiscal re- shortened and horse and backcountry spending substantially less as a coun- sponsibility it is interesting that some patrols would be reduced. Also, visitor try than our competitors in other parts in this body and the leadership in the protection responses would be reactive of the world. House are calling for a tax cut for the only and limited to life threatening I believe our amendment is impor- wealthiest Americans. The tax breaks emergencies or criminal incidents in- tant. I know Senators LIEBERMAN and in the House-passed Contract With volving threats to persons. ROCKEFELLER intend to speak on it America tax bill will mostly benefit In Rocky Mountain National Park, later, as well. those families with incomes over the drastic reduction in seasonal park I have used my time and I yield the $100,000, the top twelve percent of in- ranger staff would cut essential per- floor. come distribution in this country. In sonnel available for search, rescue, law Mr. REID addressed the Chair. essence these cuts are going to those enforcement, and other emergency The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- who can afford to travel anywhere for services. Three of five visitor informa- ator from Nevada. vacation. tion centers would be closed. Not to RESTORING FUNDING TO NATIONAL PARKS However, millions of less affluent mention that the two remaining cen- Mr. REID. Mr. President, our na- Americans in 1994 traveled to one or ters and all campgrounds would be tional parks are in a state of embar- more of our national parks for their va- open only from Memorial Day through rassing disrepair. As an example, water cations and in many instances found Labor Day. systems in one of our busiest national these facilities in some form of dis- At Redwood National Park, all non- park areas has been closed because of repair. water not meeting minimal standards. It defies common sense to think that discretionary funds would be elimi- In short, it is not safe to drink. Congress will approve a tax cut and nated forcing severe reduction of the We will be closing visitor centers, then proceed to pass a budget that will temporary workforce, and operating closing roads and trails, closing public decimate our national parks. In es- supplies which would minimize mainte- buildings, closing campgrounds; and sence, funding for the National Park nance on buildings, grounds, trails and law enforcement reductions will occur, Service continues to be inadequate to roads due to lack of supplies and mate- to name but a few. meet public use needs. With this budg- rials and shortage of personnel to com- My amendment, which I will offer, et, the current maintenance backlog of plete the work. will seek $1 billion from the proposed over two billion dollars is simply going Mount Rainer National Park would tax cuts and instead give the money to to grow and grow causing portions of also suffer in this current and future partially restore, renovate, and main- the parks to become unavailable to the budget cycle. The park would see its tain our beautiful national heritage— public. interpretive programs eliminated and

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00030 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7311 the inventory of endangered spotted In closing, Mr. President, I would which is to balance the budget. The budget is owls and marbled murrilette would not like to leave you more sound advice hardly going to be balanced with the minus- be accomplished. This in turn would from Theodore Roosevelt: cule savings achieved by eliminating the presidential campaign fund. * * * It is going lead to the degradation of other nat- To waste, to destroy, our natural re- to be balanced by getting the snouts of spe- ural resources such as fragile alpine sources, to skin and exhaust the land instead cial interests out of the public trough. But meadows. Not to mention the scaling of using it so as to increase its usefulness, special interest snouts won’t be kept out back of ranger patrols and reduced will result in undermining in the days of our after they are invited deeper into American campground operating hours with re- children the very prosperity which we ought political campaigns.’’ ductions in maintenance and cleaning. by right to hand down to them amplified and developed. Mr. President, we must not stand by [From the Atlanta Constitution, May 22, and allow our national parks to simply Mr. KERRY addressed the Chair. 1995] rot. While in the short-term this budg- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- PRESIDENCY TO HIGHEST BIDDER? et proposal would save money, it ator from Massachusetts is recognized Tucked away in the 90-page deficit-reduc- would, over the long run lead to irre- for 4 minutes. tion blueprint of Senate budget Chairman Peter Domenici (R-N.M.) are two lines that PRESIDENTIAL CAMPAIGN FINANCE SYSTEM versible consequences, and irrevocable would make only a slight dent in federal ex- damage to the nation’s heritage and Mr. KERRY. Mr. President, I call up penses—less than $50 million a year—but legacy. I want to reemphasize the point an amendment at the desk on behalf of could drastically and perniciously alter the that all National Park Service sites, myself, Senators SIMON, FORD, FEIN- way America picks its presidents. will be affected, including the rep- GOLD, BRADLEY, BIDEN, and WELLSTONE. The two lines call for the termination, resentative symbols of our democracy. I ask unanimous consent that several starting in the year 2000, of the presidential For example, the Statue of Liberty/ campaign fund, which is financed by tax- letters and editorials supporting the payers’ check-offs on their income tax re- Ellis Island, Washington Monument, existing campaign finance law be print- turns and then made available every four Independence Hall, Jefferson Memorial, ed in the RECORD. years to qualifying candidates for president Mount Rushmore, Fort McHenry, and There being no objection, the mate- during both primary and general election Martin Luther King, Jr. National His- rial was ordered to be printed in the campaigns. torical Site. RECORD, as follows: So what’s So wrong with this particular The impact of the current budget program elimination? Plenty. STATEMENTS IN SUPPORT OF PRESIDENTIAL proposals in years one and two force Public financing of bids for the White CAMPAIGN FINANCE SYSTEM House was a reform born in the aftermath of the park service to curtail visiting The bipartisan Commission on National the Watergate scandal. Its whole purpose hours at Independence National Histor- Elections, headed by Melvin Laird, Secretary was to avoid a repeat of the corrupting ex- ical Park and many buildings would be of Defense in the Nixon Administration, and cesses of the 1972 Nixon campaign, which entirely closed. The Statue of Liberty Robert Strauss, former chair of the Demo- amassed millions of dollars more than it would be closed at least 1 day a week. cratic National Committee, recognized the knew what to do with, legally. In years three through five the impacts value and success of the presidential cam- Considering the climate of cynicism about are expected to be more extreme. For paign finance system. The Commission con- politics these days, the justification for pub- cluded: ‘‘Public financing of presidential lic campaign financing may sound hopelessly example, with staffing levels further idealistic, but it is fundamentally sound: The reduced, extensive and prolonged park elections has clearly proven its worth in opening up the process, reducing undue influ- presidency ought not be up for auction. No closures could occur. Many of the park ence of individuals and groups, and virtually contestant for the office ought to have a services resources would be subjected ending corruption in presidential election fi- wildly disproportionate funding advantage. to unacceptable levels of risk per- nance. This major reform of the 1970s should Serious candidates ought to have enough taining to loss through deterioration, be continued.’’ money to get their messages across through- theft, fire, and other factors. Former Senator Paul Laxalt (R-NV), who out the country without becoming beholden Mr. President, let us reflect for a mo- chaired the 1976, 1980 and 1984 presidential to powerful individual donors or interest groups. ment on the responsibility that has campaigns for President Reagan, also praised the presidential campaign finance system. In The budget resolution may have Domen- been delegated to the National Park ici’s name on it, but the fingerprints of Sen. Service. The Park Service is comprised discussing the campaign finance problems in Congress, Senator Laxalt said, ‘‘The problem Mitch McConnell (R-Ky.) are all over the two of 368 park units covering more than 80 is so bad we ought to start thinking about lines in question. He is an unabashed oppo- nent of public financing and delights in mis- million acres in 49 States. The physical federal financing’’ of House and Senate cam- representing it as ‘‘food stamps for politi- inventory alone consists of 15,000 build- paigns. ‘‘It was anathema to me * * * but in cians.’’ He believes that since the Repub- ings, 5,200 housing units, 1,400 bridges, my experience with the [Reagan] presi- licans, who currently are taking a king’s dential campaigns, it worked, and it was like 8,000 miles of roads, 125 sewage treat- ransom in special-interest contributions, are a breath of fresh air.’’ ment plants, and 1,300 water systems. in a position to kill public financing, they The New York Times calls the presidential Simply put, the insufficient funding should go for it. So there. campaign finance system ‘‘the best existing levels proposed by this bill, in addition Senate Majority Leader Bob Dole is hardly counterweight to the dominance of check- to new facilities and requirements as- less enthusiastic about sinking the pro- writing special interests in national politics. gram—for the campaign in 2000, that is. sociated with the addition of 12 new * * * This public financing has worked re- parks since 1991, will cause the Park Whatever principles he may have on the markably well to minimize the financial ad- matter don’t apply to his immediate situa- Service to continue to fall behind in vantage of the party in power and reduce tion. He’ll happily accept whatever millions maintaining these structures, thereby candidates’ dependence on wealthy favor- be qualified for to pay for his 1996 candidacy. contributing to a mounting backlog of seekers.’’ Democrats, who blew their change to re- deficiencies. The net result will be in- The Washington Post says the presidential form campaign financing rules for Congress creased costs in the future and the sub- campaign finance system is ‘‘hugely impor- in the last session, promise to do what they sequent loss of some irreplaceable and tant to efforts aimed at limiting the impact can to save the presidential campaign sys- of campaign fund-raising on the presidency.’’ tem, but they don’t appear to have the num- irretrievable resources. It notes that the system ‘‘has actually Let me reemphasize the point that bers. A veto may be the only recourse, and worked.’’ since the regression the McConnell cham- the effect of this action would result in According to The Wall Street Journal’s pions is so profound, President Clinton outcomes immediately visible to the columnist Gerald F. Seib, ‘‘Whatever else should be readying one. public, such as, deferred maintenance, may be said about presidential campaigns of Public financing, it must be conceded, is closures of campgrounds, and closures the last two decades, they have been largely not a widely popular notion. Only about 15 of visitor facilities. We must and can free of charges of serious financial corrup- percent of taxpayers dedicate $3 each of their find other savings offsets in our quest tion. And the elections themselves have been taxes for the presidential campaign fund. fair and competitive. * * * [T]his is one part to reduce the Federal deficit. These What that shows is that too few Americans of the system that doesn’t seem broke.’’ have considered the alternative—that absent parks are one of the great legacy’s Seib wrote of the effort to repeal the presi- public financing, our country may get the which we will leave our children. Lets dential campaign finance system, ‘‘And ulti- best president that money with strings at- not leave them underdeveloped and mately, this change would undercut what is tached ban buy. rundown. supposed to be the GOP’s very purpose, America should strive to do better.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00031 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7312 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 24, 1995 [From the Kennebec Journal, May 18, 1995] didates have been funded in the primaries by after the 1996 election cycle. That would MONEY, MONEY, AND MORE MONEY small individual givers and by federal mean current GOP senators eyeing the White As congressional Republicans work to dis- matching funds, and in the general election House—among them, Majority Leader Bob mantle the one significant campaign finance by the presidential fund alone. Bill Clinton Dole and Texan Phil Gramm—would still reform measure of our time—public funding and George Bush each received $55 million in benefit next year. But the real benefit of the checkoff goes to of presidential races—the influence of pri- 1992. It has worked. The benefits of the fund the public. That’s why, if a revision this sig- vate money upon the making of public policy have been watered down in recent years by nificant is to be examined, it should be done continues to be a national disgrace. rulings allowing the parties to collect huge According to former Senate Majority separately so that the proposal can be judged sums of ‘‘soft money’’ contributions that Leader George Mitchell, who fought hard if on its own merits. support campaigns indirectly. The Federal Once that happens, and Americans really unsuccessfully to reform the system, big Elections Commission needs to close this understand what’s at stake, it is unlikely money contributions may not actually buy gaping loophole. But far from eliminating that they will choose to forsake a system of votes but they do buy access to members of the fund, it should be expanded to include such demonstrated worth. Over two decades, Congress. ‘‘I think it obviously creates the appear- candidates for Congress so the nation’s legis- the checkoff system has shrunk the influ- ance of conflict and casts doubt on the inde- lators would not have to continue selling ence of big-money interests, helped clean up pendence of judgment,’’ says Mitchell in a themselves to special interests to raise the the process of choosing American presidents new book on the subject produced by the requisite thousands of dollars a day. The and returned that process closer to the Center for Responsive Politics. ‘‘I think it only other problem with the system—uncer- American people. reduces respect for the institution and the tain cash flow—was addressed this year when [From the New York Times, May 16, 1995] product of its work.’’ the voluntary tax checkoff to finance it was However, it is far more than simply a pub- raised from $1 to $3. A SNEAKY BLOW AT CAMPAIGN FINANCE Politicians can debate the exact message lic relations problem. Big money is a cor- Senate Republicans are proposing to elimi- from voters last November, but the people rupting influence in fact as well as in appear- nate the best existing counterweight to the surely wanted cleaner government, not cor- ance, even if it only gives the contributor dominance of check-writing special interests ruption. readier access to a member of Congress than in national politics. The budget blueprint The Budget Committee chairman, Sen. competitors or ordinary citizens may enjoy. unveiled last week by Pete Domenici, chair- Pete Domenici, characterized his proposal as It is no doubt true, as Mitchell asserts, man of the Senate Budget Committee, in- ‘‘doing something right for the future of our that most special interest groups contribute cludes a call to abolish the public campaign country and for our children.’’ He was speak- to politicians who share their views rather financing system for Presidential can- ing of deficit reduction, though eliminating than attempt to sway those who do not. didates. the campaign fund would save only $45 mil- Even so, the big contribution in that case is This 20-year-old system provides matching lion. In attempting to restore balance to the used to bind goodwill and ensure a sense of funds for candidates during the primaries budget, Domenici’s proposal could return ve- mutual loyalty. and, for the general election, identical nality to the Oval Office. Clearly the giving of money in large grants to both major party candidates. The amounts to political candidates is viewed by [From The Buffalo News, May 15, 1995] system is financed by allowing taxpayers to donors as more than simply a friendly, civic- indicate on their income tax returns whether KEEP PRESIDENTIAL CHECKOFF—ENDING IT minded gesture. And it can be used as a stick they want $3 of the tax they owe to be used WOULD STRENGTHEN SPECIAL INTERESTS as much as a carrot. for the campaign fund. This public financing Think back a year or so when a Maine Hidden among proposals that have aroused has worked remarkably well to minimize the labor leader threatened to cut off campaign loud immediate objections is an ominous financial advantage of the party in power contributions to then-1st District Rep. Senate Budget Committee plan. It would and reduce candidates’ dependence on Thomas Andrews if he failed to vote against shift the presidential selection process away wealthy favor-seekers. the North American Free Trade Agreement. from average Americans and place it even The proposal to end public financing is the Call it a form of reverse bribery. Andrews ul- more in the hands of big-money special in- brainchild of Senator Mitch McConnell of timately voted against NAFTA, but swore terests. Kentucky, who also played a big role last off labor PAC contributions. It proved cost- That’s what will happen if Congress wipes year in killing a Democratic reform measure ly; he unexpectedly ended up running for out the two-decade-old system that allows that would have repaired damaging loopholes Mitchell’s Senate seat and raised far less for partial public funding of presidential in the Presidential system while reducing money than his opponent, Sen. Olympia elections by having taxpayers check a box on the influence of big money in Congressional Snowe. their income tax returns. races as well. Most candidates prudently avoid such Approving the checkoff—currently $3—has Under the G.O.P. budget proposal, the grand gestures, and, as the cost of election absolutely no impact on the size of a tax- Presidential public financing system would campaigns continues to escalate, so does the payer’s refund or the amount of taxes owed. not end until after the 1996 election. That candidate’s dependence upon special interest When taxpayers check the box, as all should, would allow the Republicans to continue money. Last year, 35 to 40 percent of the it simply means that the contributions will using public financing in their quest to drive campaign funding for winners in U.S. Senate be used to help finance the presidential se- out the incumbent Democratic President, and House races came from political action lection process. but then block public financing after they That is one of the best investments tax- committees. Overall spending in Senate hope to have recaptured the White House. payers can make in good government. It races was up a whopping 20 percent. Abolishing public financing for Presi- The system cries out for reform, not re- means candidates will be more beholden to dential campaigns would save only about $45 trenchment. For years, the Republican mi- average Americans and less beholden to spe- million a year, while destroying a worth- nority in Congress has insisted it favors ef- cial-interest groups for their money. In fact, while effort to curb the amount of special-in- fective reform while rejecting virtually this Watergate-era reform, first employed in terest money in national politics. House and every Democratic proposal to cut the flow of the 1976 campaign when Jimmy Carter chal- Senate Republicans also want to impose a cash from special interests to policy makers. lenged President Gerald Ford, is the antidote crippling funding cut on the Federal Elec- Now that the GOP is in control, we know to the poison of special-interest funding that tion Commission, the agency charged with what it meant by reform: lowering the flood has left candidates with a taint and the pub- enforcing campaign finance laws. It begins to gates. lic with a bad taste in its mouth. look like a G.O.P. war on cleaner politics. Before allowing Congress to end this re- [From the Boston Globe, May 17, 1995] form, the public should ask a simple ques- [From the Philadelphia Inquirer, May 17, tion: Without this public funding, where else 1995] WHAT ABOUT THE FAIRNESS DEFICIT? will candidates turn for money? The changes being pushed by Republican The $45 million per year raised through the WRONG-WAY PETE—DOMENICI BUGLES budget makers are so grave they understand- checkooff is a minuscule amount in a $1.5 RETREAT ON CAMPAIGN FINANCING. ably dominate public attention, but they are trillion budget. Yet, while limiting the im- ‘‘Declare victory and retreat.’’ That was crowding out some senseless proposals that pact of lobbyists, it also puts sensible limits the tart suggestion of a senator years ago on also deserve the spotlight. on campaign spending and levels the playing how to salvage the fiasco that was Vietnam. A prime example is the Senate Budget field among candidates. That helps elevate Now, another senator, Senate Budget Com- Committee proposal to eliminate the Presi- ideas over fund-raising ability as the deter- mittee Chairman Pete Domenici of New Mex- dential Campaign Fund after the 1996 elec- mining factor in campaigns. ico, has got it into his head to declare defeat tion. Senate Republicans are hypocritical and and propose retreat in an area where there’s Created post-Watergate, the fund is the less than forthright in trying to end all of actually been a major victory: public financ- single greatest political reform of modern that by slipping this provision through amid ing of presidential campaigns. US history. It took the ‘‘For Sale’’ sign off the turmoil surrounding the rest of their This post-Watergate reform has insulted the White House, moving moneyed special budget proposals. presidential campaigns from the corrupting interests out of the driver’s seat and into the The hypocrisy can be seen in the fact that influence of special-interest money. For spectator stands with the rest of us. Can- the proposal would end the checkoff system some strange reason, the budget proposal

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00032 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7313 made by Mr. Domenici last week would end paign spending. And the Democrats have candidates who are serious but without huge it. only themselves to blame for not passing interest group backing have a chance to Of all the Republican ideas for balancing more comprehensive campaign finance re- make their case. the budget, this may be the worst. By giving form while they had control of Congress. If There are problems with the system that special interests carte blanche to start sub- the GOP gets its way, the Democrats will be need to be addressed. The campaign fund has sidizing presidential candidates again, Mr. sorely punished for their own complacency. been running low, and the checkoff amount Domenici would drop White House wannabes needs to be increased. But at a time when back into the pigsty of special-interest fi- [From the San Francisco Chronicle, May 17, Congress’s emphasis should be on finding nancing where Congress still wallows. 1995] ways to reduce the impact of money on poli- Not only is the system that pays for presi- UNREFORMING CAMPAIGN FINANCE tics, this proposal moves in entirely the dential races not broken, it works quite well. When the Republicans took over Congress, wrong direction. It is also interesting that If you want to put $3 of your tax bill toward they vowed to clean up Washington and give the budget proposal would leave the current presidential campaigns, you check that op- government back to the people. So what are system in place long enough to allow Repub- tion. If you feel that public financing is sin- they doing with this hypocritical proposal in lican presidential candidates (such as Sens. ister or socialistic, you don’t. the Senate budget plan to eliminate the Dole, Gramm, Specter and Lugar) to take ad- In the primary season, the system’s match- presidential campaign-finance tax checkoff? vantage of it while the GOP is out of the ing money helps underdogs get their ideas The Watergate-inspired public-campaign- White House, and only abolish it after the across to the voters. In the general election, financing law has somewhat limited the cor- next election. it helps ensure a fair battle. rupting influence of special interests on If Mr. McConnell wants an open debate on The elimination of public financing may be presidential elections by providing each can- the merits of the public financing system, he just a sop to Sen. Mitch McConnell (R., Ky.), didate in the general election with around can encourage one. But a change this large the Senate’s leading obstructionist on cam- $60 million in voluntarily contributed tax should not happen covertly as part of the paign-financing reform; maybe Senate lead- dollars, about the same amount Richard budget process. ers will quietly drop the idea later on. Nixon spent in 1970. The use of public funds, Instead of scrapping the checkoff, Repub- [From the Valley News, May 17, 1995] licans ought to be acting to get special-inter- under a landmark Supreme Court ruling, al- est money out of congressional campaigns. lows an overall spending cap to be imposed. CASH FOR CAMPAIGNS Of course, their reforming zeal might be Without it, a run for the presidency would Hold your tears for those Republicans who muted because the majority of that money is cost an estimated $200 million. complain that special-interest groups are now flowing to them. When campaigns cost $200 million we all preparing to lay waste to the balanced-budg- It’s sad to see the Senate even toying with lose, because special interests will be free to et proposals they’re now championing. If spe- this ill-advised retreat on campaign financ- flood the presidential election process with cial-interest groups exercise undue influence ing. And it is a discredit to Mr. Domenici’s money. The fragile integrity of the demo- over the federal government, why are Repub- otherwise bold budget-balancing plan. cratic process will be the first victim. licans proposing that their influence be ex- Instead of reversing public financing, the panded? [From the Rutland Herald & the Times Republicans should join with Democrats in That is exactly what would happen if the Argus, May 21, 1995] finding ways to bring equally effective re- budget plan proposed last week by Sen. Pete form to congressional elections. GOP AND CAMPAIGN FINANCE Domenici, R–N.M., is passed intact. It con- tains a provision that calls for elimination of Over the next few weeks almost every [From The Washington Post, May 11, 1995] budget cut that the Republicans in Congress public financing of presidential campaigns. A BAD IDEA, WELL-HIDDEN have proposed will be opposed by some spe- That item would save the federal govern- cial interest group or other. But there is one Tucked away in the middle of Senate ment $45 million a year but would exact a intended cut that would harm the very fabric Budget Chairman Pete Domenici’s 97-page much greater cost in the damage it would do of our democratic process—by changing the budget blueprint are two lines describing a to the national political system. way we elect our presidents. proposal with a minuscule impact on federal Few would argue that presidential politics The GOP Senate budget resolution would spending but enormous meaning for the na- are squeaky clean. But they are far better abolish the presidential campaign financing tion’s political process. Mr. Domenici, fol- than they were before the Watergate scandal system, beginning in 1996. Eliminating public lowing a suggestion by Sen. Mitch McCon- prompted Congress to reform the system. financing of presidential campaigns would nell (R–Ky.), proposes the elimination of Presidential candidates still must raise save from $100 million and $300 million by public financing for presidential campaigns bucketfuls of money to be considered serious 2002, the date the Republicans have targeted after the 1996 election. contenders. But the prospect of matching for balancing the federal budget. This is not only a terrible idea; it also has federal contributions encourages primary The GOP wants to abolish the public cam- no place in the budget debate. A change this candidates to concentrate their fund-raising paign finance law to help provide about $350 large in the electoral system should be de- on contributions that qualify them for fed- billion in tax cuts that would benefit many bated on its own, independent of the great eral funds—relatively small donations from of their favorite corporate benefactors. It’s confrontation that is about to occur on the individuals. During the primary season, can- not hard to imagine the generosity of such deficit. The amount of money involved is didates who accept public financing agree to companies when it comes time to replenish trivial in a budgetary sense—roughly $45 abide by spending limits established for each the campaign coffers of worthy Republicans. million a year in a $1.5 trillion budget—but state. In the general election, each major Why do we use tax dollars to fund presi- hugely important to efforts aimed at lim- party nominee draws an equal amount from dential campaigns? The practice began in iting the impact of campaign fund-raising on the campaign fund (the 1992 candidates each 1974, after Watergate, which showed the na- the presidency. received $55.2 million)—placing them on tion how dramatically money can change the Public financing of presidential campaigns equal footing and reducing the need for can- political equation. Since the cost of national has actually worked. It was instituted after didates to go hat in hand to potential con- campaigns has risen so drastically, politi- the Watergate scandal revealed all sorts of tributors. cians find they must budget a larger and unsavory fund-raising shenanigans in the Problems remain. Both parties continue to larger share of their time to fund-raising— 1972 campaign. The idea is simple: The presi- abuse so-called soft-money contributions, and currying favor with potential contribu- dency ought not be put up for bid, the major donations that are made to parties and spent tors. party candidates ought to compete on a level for generic campaign purposes rather than Shouldn’t private financing of elections playing field, and the party in power should directly for candidates. But the system is far benefit Democrats as well as Republicans? In not enjoy a prohibitive financial advantage. better than the one that existed before 1973, the past, many wealthy contributors realized Existing law provides for a Presidential when candidates accepted lots of cash from that since Democrats controlled Congress, Election Campaign Fund that is financed deep-pocketed donors, many with a direct in- any Democratic candidate might become a through a voluntary $1 checkoff on income terest in federal policy. powerful committee chairman. So the tax returns. For the general election, each If public financing is abolished, the cor- moneyed interests have traditionally cov- major-party candidate draws the same rupting cancer that has severely undermined ered their bases by contributing to both can- amount from the fund—George Bush and Bill the integrity of Congress will spread to the didates in many elections. Clinton got $55.2 million each in 1992. The White House and similarly compromise its But now that the Republicans control both law also includes provisions for future public integrity. All those things we have come to houses of Congress, a fundraising gap favor- financing for any third party that makes a know and detest about the influence of able to the GOP is likely to grow even wider, substantial electoral showing (as did the money on federal legislators will afflict the as the party of big business calls in its chips independent movements of John Anderson in White House—political action committees, for the constituent service it’s currently per- 1980 and Ross Perot in 1992). And it provides nonstop fund-raising, the amassing of cam- forming. The Republicans already have for a system of matching funds in the pri- paign war chests. claimed an edge in fund-raising for 1996 cam- maries, whereby candidates who raise a cer- Few Americans are enthusiastic about pro- paigns. tain amount in private contributions qualify posals to pay for campaigns with taxpayers’ The Republicans may be able to brush for a share of the federal funds. The formula money. The notion of bankrolling some of aside the few limits that now exist on cam- puts a premium on smaller contributions, so the behavior that passes for campaigning

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00033 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7314 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 24, 1995 these days is enough to make the most ear- [Common Cause, May 23, 1995] That’s why Common Cause urges Congress nest goo-goo blanch. But it is strictly a de- STATEMENT OF FORMER WATERGATE SPECIAL to eliminate this provision from the Senate fensive strategy: The public picks up the tab PROSECUTOR ARCHIBALD COX budget proposal and to act to save the presi- to ensure that no one else does—and that no I call upon Congress to reject the tricky dential campaign finance system. A vote to kill the presidential campaign fi- one lays a greater claim on the loyalty of attempt to repeal the post-Watergate reform nance system is a vote for corruption and a the people elected to conduct the public’s of our presidential election campaigns under return to the campaign finance scandals of business. Public campaign financing needs to the pretense of budget balancing. Maintain- be expanded, not rolled back. Watergate. ing the reform costs .003 percent of the budg- The responsibility to save the presidential et. campaign finance system lies not only with MAY 23, 1995. Watergate dramatized the three-step rela- Congress, but with President Clinton as well. DEAR SENATOR ——— ———: tionship between large political contribu- If President Clinton is serious about pre- We strongly oppose the Senate Budget tions, the outcome of elections, and the gov- serving the presidential campaign finance Committee’s 1996 budget recommendation to ernmental decisions of those who win. We system, he must make clear that he will veto abolish the presidential campaign finance should never forget the acceptance of a $2- any legislation that includes a provision to system. We urge you to reject the Budget million pledge from the Milk Producers As- repeal the system. Committee’s proposal and vote to retain this sociation to the Nixon Administration, Killing the presidential campaign finance fundamental Watergate reform. which concurrently granted an increase in system would do more than eliminate the the support price of milk; the approval of The presidential public financing system is public funds available to presidential can- American Airlines’ route applications short- an essential mechanism for controlling cam- didates. Killing the presidential campaign fi- ly after a large corporate contribution to the nance system completely repeals campaign paign spending, restricting special-interest party in power; or the settlement of anti- spending limits in presidential races. The re- influence and allowing challengers to com- trust litigation against ITT Corporation, sult would be a campaign fundraising—and pete successfully with incumbents. shortly after an ITT subsidiary agreed to un- campaign spending—free-for-all, and a ‘‘For To repeal presidential public financing derwrite a large proportion of the cost of the Sale’’ sign back on the White House. would be to dismantle a vital reform that Republican National Convention. The public financing system has worked. goes to the heart of the integrity of the elec- Spurred by this corruption, Congress in Spending has been limited. Richard Nixon’s toral system for our country’s highest office. 1974 enacted the presidential campaign fi- 1972 reelection campaign raised and spent $60 Such an action would further undermine al- nance system as a vital means to restore million—the equivalent of more than $200 ready low public confidence in government public confidence in government. Through million today. That’s less than both major and the political process. this system, small individual contributions party candidates combined spent in the 1992 We strongly urge you to vote against any are matched by public funds in the primary campaigns. effort to abolish the presidential public fi- elections. The major party candidates re- Elections have been competitive. Under nancing system. ceive a grant of public funds with which to this system, four incumbents have sought re- Sincerely, conduct their general election campaigns. election—three challengers have won. And Ann McBride, President, Common Cause; Importantly, spending limits are imposed in special-interest contributions have been re- Becky Cain, President, League of both the primary and general elections. placed by dollars designated by millions of Women Voters of the United States; The system has worked. Presidential elec- taxpayers. Joan Claybrook, President, Public Cit- tions were largely cleansed of the corrupting As The Washington Post has noted, ‘‘Pub- izen; Richard Foltin, Legislative Direc- influence of special-interest money. Spend- lic financing of presidential campaigns has tor and Counsel, American Jewish ing in presidential campaigns was brought actually worked. . . . The idea is simple: The Committee; Larry Hobart, Executive under control. Candidates in the general presidency ought not be put up for bid, the Director, American Public Power Asso- election were freed from the burdens of fund- major party candidates ought to compete on ciation; Paul Mauer, Executive Direc- raising. And presidential elections, unlike a level playing field, and the party in power tor, Blue Grass Community Action congressional campaigns, became more com- should not enjoy a prohibitive financial ad- Agency; Michael F. Jacobson, Execu- petitive. Exploitation of a soft money loop- vantage.’’ tive Director, Center for Science in the hole has reduced the gains. But the system is Instead of destroying a system that has Public Interest; Stephen Brobeck, Ex- fundamentally sound. The remedy is to close worked, and worked well, for two decades, ecutive Director, Consumer Federation the soft money loophole. the Senate should instead be shutting down of America; Dixie Horning, Executive We are told that political candidates the soft money system that has emerged in Director, Gray Panthers; Leland should not campaign with taxpayers’ money. recent years. This issue is not a budget issue. The presi- Swenson, President, National Farmers The money goes to protect ourselves by dential public financing system is not a sim- Union; John Adams, Executive Direc- keeping the system honest. The alternative ple piece of a budget puzzle that can be tor, Natural Resources Defense Coun- is for candidates to campaign with special- turned off and on at will. In fact, from a fed- cil; Karen L. Hicks, Executive Direc- interest money to be repaid with much larg- eral budgetary perspective, the $45-million tor, New Hampshire Citizen Action; er government favors after the election—in program is a small amount. Fiscal responsi- Caswell A. Evans, Jr., President, Amer- short, to go back to the days of Watergate. bility comes from a Congress that will stop ican Public Health Association; Amy I urge the Congress not to repeal the cen- the financial drain that special interests im- Isaacs, National Director, Americans terpiece of the Watergate reforms. The presi- pose on the federal budget through access- for Democratic Action; Robert C. Por- dential campaign finance system must be seeking campaign contributions. Ending the ter, Executive Director, Cenla Commu- preserved. presidential campaign finance system simply nity Action Committee, Inc.; Rodney will open the budget to even more big-money E. Leonard, Executive Director, Com- [Common Cause, May 23, 1995] investments from special interests. STATEMENT OF COMMON CAUSE PRESIDENT munity Nutrition Institute; Joe Volk, This issue should not be a partisan issue. ANN MCBRIDE Executive Secretary, Friends Com- The presidential public financing system was mittee on National Legislation; Susan We are very pleased to join today with passed with bipartisan support and signed Katz, President, National Council of Senators John Kerry (D–MA) and Bill Brad- into law by President Gerald Ford. All but Jewish Women; Harriet Woods, Presi- ley (D–NJ), and with the League of Women one major party candidate have voluntarily dent, National Women’s Political Cau- Voters and Public Citizen, to launch an all- chosen to use public funds to wage their cus; Kathy Thornton, RSM, National out effort to preserve the presidential cam- campaigns. In the five presidential races Coordinator, NETWORK: A National paign finance system. conducted under this new system, the Repub- Catholic Social Justice Lobby; Jay Today we face a deadly serious attempt in lican candidate has won three times, the Lintner, Director, Washington Office, the Senate to destroy the most important Democrat twice. Office for Church in Society, United political reform in nearly a century. This issue is a matter of integrity. Church of Christ; Gerald Meral, Execu- By burying a simple two-line provision to More than 20 years ago, Common Cause tive Director, Planning and Conserva- kill the presidential campaign finance sys- members pressed their Members of Congress tion League; Rabbi David Saperstein, tem deep in their proposed budget, the Sen- to create a campaign finance system that Director, Religious Action Center of ate Republican leadership has conducted a would restore the integrity of a presidency Reform, Judaism, Union of American stealth attack on our democracy—an attack that had been devastated by the scandals of Hebrew Congregations; Gene that would turn back the clock two decades Watergate. Congress did. Karpinski, Executive Director, U.S. to the dark days of Watergate and its influ- Today, Common Cause, along with a broad Public Interest Research Group; Rev. ence money scandals, a time when the integ- coalition of other organizations, is launching Elenora Giddings Ivory, Director, rity of the Presidency hit rock bottom. a nationwide campaign to protect the presi- Washington Office, Presbyterian The stakes in the outcome are enormous. dential campaign finance system. Church (U.S.A.), Washington Office; If this attack were to prevail, the winners Common Cause members and other con- Robert Z. Alpern, Director, Washington would be Washington lobbyists and monied cerned citizens will work just as tirelessly Office, Unitarian Universalist Associa- special interests. The losers would be the av- now to ensure that the presidential cam- tion of Congregations. erage taxpayers. paign finance system is not destroyed.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00034 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7315 Mr. KERRY. Mr. President, there is tizes the Presidential races of this sion was enacted with bipartisan sup- in this budget an unfortunate effort to country. It distances Presidential can- port to address the campaign finance try to take away the current system of didates from the fundraising process. It abuses of Watergate. a—— liberates our entire system from the This is voluntary program. The The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- influence of big money, as Watergate American taxpayer voluntarily funds it ator will suspend, while I ask the clerk prosecutor Archibald Cox said. and candidates voluntarily accept to report the amendment. In 1972, when Richard Nixon ran for funds from it. It is the only Federal The legislative clerk read as follows: President, he spent $60 million in that program that the American public di- The Senator from Massachusetts [Mr. race, the equivalent of $200 million rectly votes to fund each year. And as KERRY] proposes an amendment numbered today. That is more than President long as the American taxpayer votes 1135. Bush and Bill Clinton spent together in for campaign spending limits, then we The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there 1992. If this amendment were to fail, if should not eliminate it. objection to consideration of the we proceed on the assumption that What is interesting to this Senator, amendment at this time? that campaign system will be taken is that the Republican budget resolu- Mr. EXON. The Senator was not rec- away, all voluntary limits on campaign tion does not affect the 1996 Presi- ognized to offer an amendment. I want spending in Presidential races are dential election cycle. It would allow to make that clear to the Senator. You gone. No voluntary limit will remain, candidates to continue to take tax- can reserve the right to offer an and it is only that volunteerism in the payer money to fund their primary amendment. system that keeps accord with the Con- campaigns next year. That means up to Mr. KERRY. I ask unanimous con- stitution on Buckley versus Valeo that approximately $15 million in taxpayer sent—— allows us to have a limit in Presi- dollars to each Republican and Demo- Mr. EXON. Have you done that? dential races. cratic primary candidate, with a poten- Mr. KERRY. I did ask unanimous So we will have gone back to the sys- tial $62 million more to the nominee in consent. tem of 1972 when there was unlimited the general election. Perhaps a different amendment The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there funding from sources in Presidential would have been to eliminate this pro- objection? races. I cannot imagine anything that gram immediately. That would give Mr. DOMENICI. Reserving the right runs more contrary to the vote of 1994 our distinguished Republican col- to object. and to the grassroots statement of leagues here in the Senate who have Mr. EXON. I object. Americans in the 1994 election. They do announced their candidacy for Presi- The Senator from Nebraska yielded not want this country going back to dent an opportunity to vote to give to the Senator from Massachusetts big money, large corporate interests. back their potential $77 million in tax- with certain instructions and under- They want people liberated to partici- payer funds to the Treasury and the standings that the Senator from Ne- pate. In fact, Mr. President, more peo- American taxpayer in order to help braska is going to insist upon. There- ple participate through the checkoff eliminate the deficit. Let me respect- fore, I yielded to the Senator from than contribute voluntarily to cam- fully suggest that it seems a little self- Massachusetts not to offer an amend- paigns in this country. One out of serving to take the money next year ment, but to make such remarks as he seven Americans participate in the checkoff, whereas only one in 22 Ameri- but deny it to future candidates. sees fit. American taxpayers support this pro- cans contributed to campaigns in 1994. Mr. KERRY. Mr. President, I cer- gram and vote on how much to fund it The checkoff could, in fact, be stronger tainly apologize. I had no idea. I each year. It is the only Federal pro- than it is today. But, everybody should thought the procedure was to call the gram which serves to limit the money understand, no American is coerced to amendment up. There was no intention chase to the White House. Until we do this. It is a voluntary system where to try to go outside of the Senator’s de- come up with a better system, I urge $3 from an individual has as much im- sires. my colleagues to leave this program in pact as tens of thousands of dollars I ask unanimous consent that the place and support the amendment. past exchange not come out of this from the rich or from corporate inter- The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. ests. Senator’s time. COVERDELL). The Senator’s time. has Mr. President, it would be an enor- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without expired. objection, it is so ordered. The Senator mous setback in our efforts to gain Mr. DOMENICI addressed the Chair. is recognized for 4 minutes. control of our political process if, now, The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Mr. KERRY. I thank the Chair, and I we choose to go backward. ator from New Mexico. thank the distinguished managers. Some people say, ‘‘Well, we’re not Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I real- Mr. President, there is in this budget controlling all the money in the sys- ly want to use a little bit of my time. resolution an effort to do away with tem; you still have soft money and we I am on my 15 minutes in opposition, the Presidential checkoff finance sys- should be closing that loophole.’’ The but I just want to talk to the Senate a tem. I would like to share with my col- solution is not to take the hard money minute. leagues what Archibald Cox, the Water- restriction in the voluntary system Frankly, to my knowledge, there is gate prosecutor, said with respect to and make it like soft money. The solu- only one law that controls the U.S. this particular effort. tion is to make the soft money like the Senate in terms of debates and amend- Watergate dramatized the three-step rela- hard money or outlaw it altogether, ments and the like, and it is the Budg- tionship between large political contribu- Mr. President. et Act, which includes impoundments. tions, the outcome of elections, and the gov- So it is my hope that colleagues who Essentially, it says in law, it sets ernmental decisions of those who win. We have supported this in the past will not down the detailed rules of how you pro- should never forget the acceptance of a $2 now go counter to the very grassroots ceed on a budget resolution and how million pledge from the Milk Producers As- effort that is supposedly being rep- you proceed on a reconciliation bill. It sociation to the Nixon administration which resented on the floor. This system has is not my rule. It is not Senator EXON’s concurrently granted an increase in the sup- worked. It costs $45 million on the port price of milk; the approval of American rule. It says 50 hours equally divided. Airlines’ route application shortly after a year, Mr. President, but to lose it Frankly, maybe we will ask so the large corporate contribution to the party in would be tens of millions of dollars in RECORD will be clear, how much time power; or the settlement of antitrust litiga- campaign contributions. I hope we will remains now on the entire budget reso- tion against ITT Corp. shortly after an ITT support the system. lution, under 50 hours that we are allo- subsidiary agreed to underwrite a large por- Mr. FORD. Mr. President, the budget cated by law? tion of the cost of the Republican National resolution includes a provision that The PRESIDING OFFICER. Approxi- Convention. will have a far reaching consequence mately 1 hour 20 minutes. Mr. President, this campaign system for this Nation. It assumes elimination Mr. DOMENICI. Approximately 1 has worked. Some 63 primary can- of the program that provides for spend- hour 20 minutes. Essentially, I will say didates since 1976 have used the check- ing limits and public funding in Presi- to the Senate, if 1 hour is used on Sen- off fund. The checkoff fund democra- dential election campaigns. This provi- ator BOXER’s amendment and 1 hour

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00035 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7316 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 24, 1995 used in opposition to it, there will be an understandable manner where the Let us be very careful. Whenever we no time left. No time left. Senate then understands what the start talking about this budget and What I would like everybody to un- amendments are, how many there are, what it does, all at once we start offer- derstand—and this is not my rule; I and then maybe we may be in business ing the amendments and it starts to wish it were different—but I do not to try to make some overall agree- come unraveled. When it was first put know if there is going to be very much ment. together in the Budget Committee, ev- time to debate very many amendments I hope everybody understands, I am erybody just about knew where we had in that remaining time. not trying to be harsh. I am not trying to go and what we had to do. Some I have been expressing to the Senator to take time away from anybody. That would increase taxes, as has been pro- from Nebraska, based on this reality— is just the reality. posed by some, really, on both sides of this is just real—when the 50 hours Mr. FORD. Mr. President, will the the aisle. I am firmly opposed to that. comes, any Senator can say ‘‘regular Senator yield for a question? Right now, most folks in America order’’ and, obviously, there is no more Mr. DOMENICI. I yield on my time. have a marginal tax rate over 45 per- time for debate. Mr. FORD. I thank the Senator for cent—almost one-half of their yearly I want to make sure everybody what he is trying to do and for his com- salary. So what is there left to tax? It knows, under a unanimous-consent ity. It is kind of unusual, and I am glad makes no sense to bankrupt American agreement, the majority leader and the to see it. citizens in the name of keeping the If we have 20 amendments that will minority leader, after all the votes are American Federal Government solvent. be offered at the end of the 50 hours, we finished, including those that may be So I think when you look at the over- handed to the desk, there will be one- have two options, as I hear you: One is to offer the amendment, or call it up all budget, we have to come up with half hour allotted to the Democrat the word responsible. And that is what leadership and one-half hour to our and we can vote up or down or to table; we can do that. Or on the other side, if I would like to emphasize through this leadership, to recap the budget situa- recap of not how I look at the amend- tion. So that is there and that is all it we have a minute, you offer a minute or 2 minutes on each side, pro and con, ment but the entire package of the bill. can be used for. We have slowed the rate of spending. We will soon be out of time. Maybe on how many amendments? Do you have any figure if they are less than Back in 1990, I offered a bill that was a Senators on my side and Senators on 4 percent solution—I called it—to allow that side of the aisle do not understand that or more than that? Mr. DOMENICI. I very much would in the budget process the Federal Gov- that we cannot help very much, but we ernment expenditures to only grow 4 would like to be helpful. So what I like you all to come up with some pro- posal. percent based on the previous year’s would like to do, and I am urging that expenditures and do away with baseline we find a way to decide, is for you all Mr. FORD. When you say you all, who do you mean? budgeting. Unfortunately, that did not to decide on your side through your pass. But with the assumptions that we ranking member what are all the Mr. DOMENICI. The Democratic side. Mr. FORD. How many will be on your made then, by 1995 and 1996, we would amendments that you intend to offer. side? have balanced the Federal budget. But Some will be debated for a couple of Mr. DOMENICI. We probably, in I have to say there are hints of my minutes; some are just going to be of- short order, can establish the fact that ideas that I had back in 1990 in this fered at the end. there would only be four or five. bill. Why would I like to know? Because I Mr. FORD. You will have four or five Everyone would agree, maybe, that would like to help. I would like to say amendments to come after the 50 maybe everybody ought to have a the Government has gotten too big to hours? operate efficiently. This bill freezes minute before they have to vote on Mr. DOMENICI. I will give that to their amendment, even beyond the 50 pay for Senators, Representatives, Fed- Senator EXON shortly. eral judges, and political appointees for hours. I have no such authority from Mr. FORD. I thank the Senator for the majority leader. But I cannot do a period of 7 years. As far as I am con- his courtesy. cerned, I can accept that. I am not real that if there are 50, 60 amendments be- Mr. DOMENICI. Let me correct the cause we will be here until midnight, sure if my wife can. But nonetheless I record. You said there are only two think she will. It cuts Senate staff by and the whole purpose was to have 50 things that can happen. I do not want hours. 15 percent and Senate support staff by anybody to misunderstand. An amend- 12.5 percent. And we have cut a little We are getting close to that 50 right ment pending at the desk can be sec- now. So if there is any way that Sen- already. It reduces the spending of the ond-degreed even if there is no time. Executive Office of the President by ators on that side could accommodate There is a series where we understand so that we might sit down here soon in around 25 percent. Those cuts save us somebody wants to exercise that. They almost $7 billion. a room and say what process could we understand it is pending. They would I take the budget another step fur- agree to to give everybody a little bit not have any time either. of time. Mr. FORD. They would still offer it ther. I would consolidate the Surgeon Again, I want to say the majority and then you move to table. General’s office with the Assistant Sec- leader has told me on our side, if there Mr. DOMENICI. Yes. Mr. President, retary of Health. The office of the Sur- are 20 or 30 such amendments, or 40, we how much time do I have left? geon General was originally created to are not going to agree to any time be- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Approxi- function as a spokesperson for public cause you add all that up and the time mately 10 minutes. health and has been used as a political to vote and we will be here 6 hours to Mr. DOMENICI. I will yield 10 min- football. I advocate putting an end to 7 hours. utes to Senator BURNS. that political grandstanding by elimi- So I am asking for some reason, some Mr. BURNS. Mr. President, I will re- nating this unnecessary position and reasonableness. When the 50 hours is spond to the amendment offered by the consolidating its duties with those of up—and I am not using anybody’s time Senator from California and just point the office of the Assistant Secretary of so nobody has to worry about that. I out some things about that amendment Health. That is the way it used to be. am entitled to this time under the law, that I think are flawed. The Senator’s During the Carter administration, Dr. and when that time is up, there is no amendment would create another point Julius Richmond served as both the opportunity to talk about an amend- of order against how a tax cut should Surgeon General and the Assistant ment, unless we, as a Senate, agree to be constructed, and I think that is very Secretary of Health. I see no reason that. So if you have an amendment at important with this body because we why the American taxpayer should the end left over and you want to insist already have enough points of order on have to pay for staffing both offices. on it, and the statute says you can do the rest of this bill. Rather than a When we look at what it does—a that, the statute also says no debate. point of order against tax cuts, I think while ago we talked about the NIH, Na- We are not going to agree to give ev- we should have a point of order against tional Institutes of Health. I voted to erybody time when we have already raising taxes, if you want to do it on restore some of those funds because I used up all the time unless we do it in both sides. believe that this Government should be

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00036 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7317 actively involved in research and de- whatever order they are entitled to the coordination of Federal, State, and velopment, especially in the line of floor from the time allotted to me local law enforcement efforts to deal health. But the chairman’s budget also most generously by my colleague from with these threats. calls for the transformation of NASA’s California. First is Senator LEAHY for 2 Today, my purpose is a related one: I management structure, contracting minutes, and then Senator BAUCUS for ask my colleagues to join with me to procedures, and the reduction of Gov- 2 minutes, Senator CONRAD for 6 min- pass this resolution reaffirming our ernment involvement in scientific re- utes, and fourth, Senator GRAHAM for 2 commitment and appreciation for Fed- search, infrastructure and equipment. I minutes. eral, State, and local law enforcement have to say that I voted against the Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, Sen- and the outstanding job that they do Snowe amendment a while ago for the ator EXON, could we take a couple under the most difficult and dangerous simple reason that it called for another names at a time instead of the whole circumstances and to reject House at- billion-dollar reduction in NASA, when list? Who are the first two? tempts drastically to cut our financial they have already shown their good Mr. EXON. The first two I have are support for their efforts. faith, without any cajoling from this Senator LEAHY for 2 minutes and then Since the bombing there has been a Congress to come to the bar, and cut $5 Senator BAUCUS for 2 minutes. lot of public debate and comment billion over 5 years. And there are Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I have about the activities of law enforcement some within the NASA organization a Senator on the floor who would like and the rhetoric that has been used that say now we have to start looking to speak in opposition for up to 10 min- over the past few years to disparage at safety when we start thinking about utes on my time. Maybe we could move and malign these dedicated public serv- our space programs. back and forth after the Senator from ants and the law enforcement agencies So we are glad to see that baseline Vermont. in which they serve. budgeting is out. The chairman’s budg- Mr. EXON. Since we are limiting— I submit that law enforcement de- et proposed the elimination of spending may I suggest we take care of the two serves better. We owe these men and on the National Biological Service. I Senators that I have mentioned—this women our respect, appreciation, and have long said that is not needed. We is 4 minutes—and then go to 10 min- public, moral, and financial support. have enough biologists in the Forest utes. Is that reasonable? Even had we not recently noted the Service, in the U.S. Fish and Wildlife, Mr. DOMENICI. Can we have the two increasing threats against the safety and BLM to do what they want to do Senators for 4 minutes and then the and lives of law enforcement officers, and what Interior wants to do. They Senator from Kentucky for 10? the Oklahoma bombing and the reports have to do it within the confines of The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. of attacks against park rangers, Forest that. Why another layer of bureauc- INHOFE). The Senator from Vermont. Service employees, Treasury employ- racy? I generally support that. VIOLENT CRIME REDUCTION TRUST FUND ees, and others all make the gruesome As I explained last week, I have con- Mr. LEAHY. Mr. President, I will point too well. cerns with the provision that cuts the have two resolutions that we will be Moreover, there has been a lot of re- Agricultural Research Service. I find it voting on at the appropriate time. One cent discussion about the way respon- ironic that we are cutting back on is expressing the sense of the Senate sible citizens converse about law en- R&D in the very area that is very im- that the violent crime reduction trust forcement and other public officials. I portant to us in the production of food fund not be cut. Notwithstanding the certainly understand President Bush’s and fiber for this country. To reduce tremendous violence we have seen in reaction when those with whom he the ARS at this time is appealing in New York, Oklahoma, and elsewhere, served and who have made the ultimate the short run, but it would have a dev- the House of Representatives voted on sacrifice in the service of public safety astating long-term negative impact on April 5 to cut $5 billion from the vio- are being criticized unfairly. farming and ranching in the United lent crime reduction trust fund and to I commend our colleagues, from both States and, consequently, on the Fed- give it for a tax cut. sides of the aisle, who have tried to eral Treasury. I believe our first pri- They congratulated themselves on tone down the rhetoric and to turn the ority should be a commitment to the this, but have not explained to the focus of debate to responsible efforts to production of food and fiber. I find that American people that they are cutting assist law enforcement to do its job. many folks are surprised when you tell out money in a trust fund set aside to Likewise, I appreciate the apology them that for the first time in the his- fight violent crime. recently issued by the National Rifle tory of this country, wheat yields have Frankly, I think that is more impor- Association of the intemperate tone of actually leveled off in some areas and tant than to give a tax break to the certain remarks. were declining because of our research wealthiest. We will be voting on that. I have spoken about my revulsion work in developing new strains of Earlier this year, on April 7, 1995, the with celebrities talking about how to wheat that are disease resistant. Senate passed a resolution reaffirming shoot Federal agents and their using So I am opposed to a reduction in our support for State and local law en- representations of our President for ARS funding. Furthermore, agriculture forcement when their integrity was target practice. This is vile and rep- has taken its fair share of cuts; if you challenged. rehensible. look at the last 8 years, about a 45 per- When we passed Senate Joint Resolu- If we are to preserve freedom of cent cut. tion 32 we were responding to remarks, speech in this increasingly violent and So with that, it is a good package. by a well-known attorney in connec- confrontational society, we need to use When we start picking away at it, it tion with a high-profile criminal case, our freedoms to reject violent extre- starts to come unraveled. I want to that unfairly and inaccurately ma- mism and hatemongering. We need to congratulate my friends from New ligned the integrity of the Nation’s law remind ourselves that we live in the Mexico and Nebraska. They have enforcement officers. freest nation on Earth because the rule worked very hard together on this. And On April 19, 1995, a bomb exploded of law is respected, as are people’s it should be presented and they should outside a Federal building in Okla- rights to speak, associate and petition be given the guidelines for the rest of homa City killing scores of Americans, the government. us to complete our work. including a number of Federal law en- We need to speak out ourselves I yield the floor. forcement employees. There is reason against those who would portray the Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, are to believe the bomb was directed at the President, the Congress, the Govern- my 15 minutes used? Federal Government and its law en- ment or law enforcement as conspira- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- forcement officers. tors intent on taking away people’s ator has 41⁄2 minutes remaining. This bombing has served to focus our rights. To the contrary, the dedicated Mr. DOMENICI. I reserve that. attention on the real threats of violent men and women in Federal, State, and Mr. EXON. Mr. President, I have four extremism here at home and foreign local government and law enforcement more relatively short speakers that I terrorism. We will soon have an oppor- work long hours for limited financial would like to yield to at this time. I tunity to consider legislative efforts to reward in order to serve the public, would like to yield at this time in provide additional resources and better protect us, and preserve our freedom.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00037 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7318 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 24, 1995 It is in this context that I was con- From our Attorney General to the by the WIC Program under competitive cerned when the House of Representa- Fraternal Order of Police, Inter- bidding. It says that school lunches tives voted on April 5 to offset certain national Brotherhood of Police Offi- should meet minimal nutrition re- tax reduction proposals by cutting $5 cers, National Association of Police Or- quirements and that the content of billion from the violent crime reduc- ganizations, National Sheriffs Associa- WIC food packages be based on sci- tion trust fund. tion, and the Police Foundation, dedi- entific evidence. As it congratulated itself on its first cated law enforcement officers are jus- That has been the case for years and 100 days and adjourned for its April re- tifiably outraged by this arbitrary ac- should continue. I am offering this cess, the House majority did not ex- tion. amendment because the House-passed plain to the American people that it Funding for important programs im- welfare reform bill does not follow that was invading the violent crime reduc- plementing the Violence Against longstanding approach to child nutri- tion trust fund and making it impos- Women Act and our rural crime initia- tion programs. sible to pay for the law enforcement tives should not have been cut by one- I am very pleased that the Senate and crime prevention programs of the sixth or at all, let alone without debate Budget Committee majority report Violent Crime Control Act of 1994, and justification. does not assume that the Senate wants which the President signed into law I will work with the Attorney Gen- to eliminate those protections for chil- only last summer. eral and my Senate colleagues to reject dren. Although this major crime bill was 6 the ill-advised House action and pre- The Contract With America, as years in the making, the House is ap- serve the violent crime reduction trust passed by the House, would allow parently prepared to gut it. I hope and fund so that we can fulfill the promise States to serve junk foods with lunch. trust that our Senate colleagues will of the Violent Crime Control Act and The Senate should stand up to that reject this $5 billion cut in funding to our commitment to all that we can to challenge and say ‘‘no.’’ Federal law enforcement and Federal reduce violent crime in our local com- It would allow States to waste Fed- assistance to State and local efforts. munities. eral taxpayer dollars on needlessly ex- When we passed the crime bill last I have noted that this is not the time pensive foods for the WIC Program. year we paid for its program. A trust to undercut our support for Federal I have spent 8 years protecting the fund was established from the saving of law enforcement or the assistance pro- WIC Program from drug companies. the downsizing of the Federal Govern- vided State and local law enforcement. Now the House Contract With America ment by some 250,000 jobs. The violent After the tragedy in Oklahoma City, I changes that. A few years ago, I called crime reduction trust fund contains was certain that the House would aban- on the Federal Trade Commission to funds dedicated to law enforcement and don this ill-conceived plan. investigate price-fixing and bid-rigging crime prevention programs, and is in- Yet, in spite of all that has happened, regarding infant formula companies tended in large part to provide Federal the House chose to reaffirm its inten- and the WIC Program. financial assistance to critical Federal, tion to proceed with this $5 billion cut I introduced bills, which all my Sen- State, and local needs. in law enforcement funding, which it ate colleagues supported, to require On April 5, the House invaded that included in the House-passed budget that WIC buy infant formula under trust fund without debate and slashed resolution last week. competitive bidding rules similar to our anticrime funding by $5 billion to Accordingly, I offer this amendment rules used by the Federal Government, help offset the budget deficit the House as an embodiment of the Senate’s re- and most State governments, to pur- tax bill would create. This is wrong. solve against the House-passed cuts to chase goods. Since passage of the Violent Crime the violent crime reduction trust fund These WIC procedures save $1 billion Control Act, the U.S. Department of and reductions in funding of Federal, a year. That money keeps 1.6 million Justice has been doing a tremendous State, and local law enforcement. pregnant women, infants, and children job getting these resources to the field. Now is not the time to cut law en- on WIC at no additional cost to tax- I commend the Associate Attorney forcement funding and this is not the payers. General John Schmidt and Chief Joe way to show our support for those The House bill does not require com- Brann, who directs the community po- whom we ask to protect public safety petitive bidding. Instead it includes licing programs for their quick work. and preserve our precious freedoms. paltry cost containment requirements I know that funding to assist local PROTECTING FEDERAL NUTRITION PROGRAMS that are a sham. law enforcement hire additional offi- My other resolution is very simple. It It is hard to imagine a provision that cers went out almost immediately says that the infant formula that is better symbolizes what is wrong with based on simple, one-page applications. purchased by the WIC Program be done the Contract With America. Vermont received commitments of under competitive bidding. The contract could give up to $1 bil- over $2 million toward 35 new officers The House of Representatives gave in lion to four corporate giants and take in 34 jurisdictions, for example. The to some very powerful lobbyists and 1.6 million low-income women, infants, House action would cost Vermont, for very powerful drug companies, and re- and children off the WIC Program. example, the equivalent of 50 State and moved the amendment which requires For 8 years as chair of the Agri- local law enforcement officers over the competitive bidding for WIC. That culture Committee, I tried to make our next 5 years. meant the taxpayers will give a $1 bil- work on nutrition programs bipartisan. The House would have us turn our lion windfall to four drug companies, And I am pleased that the Senate backs on law enforcement and preven- and they will take 1.5 million pregnant Budget Committee report is supportive tion programs and the commitments women and newborn infants off the of the WIC Program. we made in the Violent Crime Control WIC Program. Last year both the Senate and the Act. Law enforcement and community- This sense of the Senate says we House passed the child nutrition reau- based programs cannot be kept on a ought to take care of the women and thorization by unanimous agreement. string like a yo-yo if they are to plan the infants before we do the drug com- That reauthorization act maintained and implement crime control and pre- panies, especially at taxpayers’ ex- the principle that school lunches pro- vention programs. pense. vide one-third of the nutritional re- What we need to do is to follow It also says we ought to have real nu- quirements for each day. It maintained through on our commitments, not to tritional standards in school lunch. strong competitive bidding procedures breach them and violate our pledge to Not what the fast food industry would for the WIC Program. law enforcement, State, and local gov- like, but perhaps what mothers, fa- And it ensured that foods of min- ernment, and the American people. In- thers, and children should like and imum nutritional value may not be vading trust funds dedicated to crime should have. sold with school lunches. It passed the control purposes is simply no way to Mr. President, this amendment is Senate without objection last year. justify the elimination of the corporate very simple. The House bill eliminates minimum alternative minimum tax or capital It says that it is the sense of the Sen- nutritional requirements for school gains taxes. ate that infant formula be purchased lunches. I fought Coca-Cola and the

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00038 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7319 fast food companies last year to make ther be block-granted nor cashed out. And many of my colleagues on both school lunches healthier. In rejecting block grants, the House sides of the isle won’t stand for it. Congress reduced the saturated fat used some of the same points made Let me tell you what this would content of school meals, and clarified years ago by President Nixon. mean to Montana. Montana, like much that schools have the right to say ‘‘no’’ In closing, I urge my colleagues to of the west, was built on hydroelectric to Coca-Cola and Pepsi-Cola. support my amendment. power. By harnessing the Missouri Under the House Contract With Mr. President, I thank the managers River at Fort Peck Reservoir, Mon- America, soft drinks can be sold to for their courtesy. tanans bring water to arid lands for school children during lunch instead of PRIVATIZING PMA’S IS BACKDOOR TAX farming and ranching. Small industries milk. Candy companies, fast food gi- Mr. BAUCUS. Mr. President, I have use the affordable power to create jobs ants, and junk food purveyors are the an amendment, joined with Senator and build communities. And folks in big winners. Children and dairy farm- PRESSLER, Senator DORGAN, Senator rural areas get affordable power to ers are the big losers. ROBB, Senator WARNER, and others, No. heat and light their homes. The House-passed Contract With 1120, to oppose the sale of the public This is an essential service. It is America could hurt child nutrition pro- power marketing administrations. something that works. And it has grams by eliminating what we put into Very simply, Mr. President, this is worked ever since Franklin Roosevelt law last year. the situation: The budget resolution came out to break ground at the Fort I hope the Senate tells the lobbyists proposes the sale of public power mar- Peck Dam and bring public power to for the soft drink bottlers that Coke or keting administration, the PMA’s. rural Montana. Public power meant Pepsi should not be part of a school What is the effect of that sale? Two- electricity that an ordinary farm fam- lunch or breakfast. fold. No. 1, to dramatically increase ily could afford. It helped create Mon- I hope the Senate tells the lobbyists the rates of consumers, utility con- tana communities like Glasgow, Sid- for drug companies that make infant sumers, in most States of our country, ney, and Shelby. It keeps towns like formula that the Senate wants to con- because public power is sold at a lower these strong and healthy today. tinue to save taxpayers $1 billion a rate than power from other sources As my friends George and Barbara year in the WIC Program by mandating that is sold to consumers. DenBoer of Dupuyer, MT, recently told strong competitive bidding procedures. The estimate is between a 20- and a me: Remember, before the Congress re- 60-percent increase in utility rates for Our electric bills are high enough. We are quired competitive bidding, many farmers, for ranchers, for homeowners, barely making a living on the ranch now and States did not use those procedures for small business, for anybody who is with all the new taxes and increases in ex- that now put 1.6 million more pregnant in a rural co-op, or anyone who buys penses it is all but impossible to continue. Please stop and consider how many rural women, infants, and children on the public power. No. 1, the effect is very people will be affected with higher rates. . . . WIC Program at no additional cost to much to increase the rate. It is a hid- We need the Power Marketing Administra- taxpayers. den tax, Mr. President. It is a hidden tion. Please do not make it impossible for I hope the Senate rejects the House tax because in effect people will have those who make their living in the country. approach that repeals scientific stand- to pay more. One hundred thousand Montana fami- ards for the WIC food package. These The second major consequence of the lies—nearly one in three Montana men, standards make WIC a success. sale of the PMA’s: Increase the budget women, and children—share George I want to make one additional point deficit. That is a consequence. Why? and Barbara’s feelings. not directly related to the amendment Very simply, because the PMA’s cur- All of them use WAPA power in Mon- I am offering. I believe it is a mistake rently make money. They make about tana today. And they stand to see their to block grant food stamps. $240 million a year. When the PMA’s electric bills increase by at least 30 On December 2, 1969, President Nixon loan is retired, in about, I think, 14 or percent if this proposal goes forward. said in a speech that relying on local 16 years, Uncle Sam will make $5 bil- You are talking about a real, tangible governments meant that ‘‘our Nation’s lion on the investment. cut in the living standards for people in food programs have been shot through So the sale of PMA’s has two effects. rural America. And that is why I so with inequities.’’ No. 1, big increase in utility rates; No. strongly oppose the sale of WAPA and Chairman GOODLING put it another 2, increase in the budget deficit. the PMA’s. way when he opposed block grants a My amendment says, ‘‘No, let’s not A second point is that WAPA and the few years ago—he said that a ‘‘child’s sell the PMA’s; therefore, let’s not other power marketing programs take basic nutrition needs do not vary from raise utility rates; and let’s also reduce not one tax dollar. In fact, the Federal State to State.’’ the budget deficit by keeping the Government makes money off of these I joined with Senator DOLE in oppos- PMA’s alive.’’ programs. ing block granting some years ago. He Please add Senators FORD, HARKIN, WAPA is a good example. The Fed- said, and I agreed with him, that the HEFLIN, and HOLLINGS as cosponsors. eral Government has invested a total ‘‘Federal Government should retain Webster defines a ‘‘tax’’ as follows: ‘‘to of $5.6 billion in WAPA. And each year, primary responsibility for nutrition require to pay a percentage of income, WAPA pays the Federal Government programs in order to guarantee some property or value for support of the approximately $380 million for this standardization of benefits.’’ government.’’ loan with interest. So far, the Federal We have to recognize that food So a tax can come in many forms—a Treasury has gotten back $4.1 billion stamps are America’s best and largest direct levy, or a hidden fee that sneaks on its initial loan. And by the time this child nutrition program. up on taxpayers under a cover name. debt is retired in 24 years, the Federal Over 80 percent of food stamp bene- And that is precisely what this budget Treasury will have made $14 billion on fits go to families with children; and resolution contemplates for ratepayers its initial investment of $5.6 billion. over 90 percent of food stamp benefits across rural America. Second, even now the PMA’s run a go to families with children, or the el- Privatizing the power marketing ad- profit for the Government. A recently derly or disabled. ministrations is a bad idea. It is short- released CRS report on the PMA’s I am pleased to report that as the sighted and it hurts rural America. found that the Federal Treasury actu- economy has grown over the last year, Privatization cannot work when its re- ally earns a profit of $244 million a participation in food stamps has sult is simply to create four huge mo- year on the PMA’s. You have to look dropped by 1 million persons. nopolies, which will gouge their cap- long and hard to find a Federal pro- It is crucial to me that food stamps tive market like any other monopoly. gram that provides a good service to not be block-granted—I agree with the So at its core, the proposal to sell off the public and makes a profit. House of Representatives and Chair- PMA’s is no more than a backdoor tax I find it incredibly shortsighted that man ROBERTS, Chairman EMERSON and increase on the rural middle class. A the Congress would want to sell Amer- Chairman GUNDERSON on this issue. tax hidden in a utility bill is every bit ica’s infrastructure for a quick, one Their view is that food stamps is the as much a tax as a gas tax, income tax time shot of cash. What is next? Our final safety net and that it should nei- or anything else. I won’t stand for it. highways? Our bridges? Our national

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00039 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7320 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 24, 1995 parks? The principle is just the same. used to be $1, and now $3—of taxes they very significantly, this amendment America’s infrastructure up for sale. It already owe—it does not add to their would prevent the ARC from being to- doesn’t make any sense to me, and I tax bill—to divert that away from tally phased out, and it would pay for will not stand by and let it proceed whatever else may be funded by the it largely by diverting funds from the without a fight. Federal Government into this fund. Office of Surface Mining and from And I urge my colleagues—particu- Now the checkoff participation has other regulatory activities. larly those Republicans and Democrats dropped down last year to 14.5 percent, So, essentially what this amendment from the 32 rural States served by the and is still falling. Two years ago, the is about is to take money away from PMA’s—to join me. Senators will find a majority, for fear that the taxpayers regulators and give it to those involved comprehensive list of all electric utili- would totally revolt and there would be in economic development. It is simply ties in their States who are served by no money in the fund at all, raised the a question of priorities. Do we want to the PMAs on their desks. checkoff from $1 to $3. Now the net ef- give the money to the Office of Surface Let me read for the RECORD, States fect of that is that fewer and fewer peo- Mining and others engaged in regu- who are served by the PMA’s: ple could divert more and more money. lating in this and other fields? Or do we Alabama, Arkansas, Arizona, Cali- Eighty-five percent of the American want the money to go directly into fornia, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, people choose not to check off, even economic development activities in Iowa, Idaho, Illinois, Kansas, Ken- though it does not add to their tax parts of our country that are economi- tucky, Louisiana, Minnesota, Missouri, bills, $3 to go into this fund. cally deprived? This ARC covers such Mississippi, Montana, North Carolina, Everyone, in effect, ends up paying States as West Virginia, Kentucky, North Dakota, Nebraska, New Mexico, for the checkoff because the money is Tennessee, Mississippi and Alabama, Nevada, Oklahoma, Oregon, South diverted away from other topics. and it has been useful in providing Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, If there is any system that has been roads and other economic development Texas, Utah, Virginia, Washington, thoroughly discredited, Mr. President, tools for the most poverty stricken Wisconsin, and Wyoming. it is this one. It has not stopped spend- parts of that part of America. I urge Senators to take a moment be- ing. It has not stopped soft money, and I am somebody who is going to sup- fore they vote on my amendment to it has eaten up about $1 billion of the port the final budget resolution. I am consider the consequences elimination tax money of the people of the United in favor of ending a lot of programs and of the PMA’s will have on the people in States over the last 20 years. intend to so vote. But I believe here in their States—the small businesses, If we cannot kill this program, Mr. this particular amendment we will farmers, ranchers, homeowners, and President, then what program can we school districts. Say no to this back- simply be choosing between whether kill? Now, at the appropriate time I we want to fund more and more Gov- door tax and support my amendment. will be offering a second-degree amend- I ask for the yeas and nays on my ernment regulators on the one hand or ment to the Kerry amendment. I would amendment. economic development in poverty- Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I like to briefly describe what that is stricken areas on the other. want to yield 7 minutes to the Senator about. So I hope the MCCONNELL amendment from Kentucky. Among the things, Mr. President, on ARC, supported by Senators WAR- that taxpayers funding has been used NO TAXPAYER FUNDING OF ELECTIONS NER, COCHRAN, ROCKEFELLER, and HEF- for during these years was to settle a Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I LIN, will be approved when it is offered listened with great interest to my sexual harassment case. My amend- at the end of the time. ment would prevent, assuming the friend and colleague, Senator KERRY Mr. President, I have actually done from Massachusetts, decry the effort of Presidential fund survives—which I an astonishing thing. I believe I have the Budget Committee to get rid of the hope it will not, but assuming it sur- finished before Senator DOMENICI had Presidential checkoff. Let me say, my vives—my second-degree amendment to ring the bell. So I will yield any re- good friend could not be more wrong. to the Kerry amendment would be a maining time. In looking back at the Watergate sense of the Senate that the Presi- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- scandal, it is interesting to note that dential election campaign fund, if it ator’s time has expired. the Select Committee on Watergate in survives, could not pay for or augment Mr. DOMENICI. How much time did the mid-1970’s in recommendation No. damage awards or settlements arising he give back? 7, said the committee recommends from a civil or criminal action, or the The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- against the adoption of any form of threat thereof, related to sexual har- ator has 26 minutes and 45 seconds. taxpayer funding of elections—against assment. The Senator from Nebraska. any form of it. The Congress proceeded Now, I will be offering that second- Mr. EXON. Mr. President, I yield 6 to establish the Presidential fund in degree amendment to make a point, minutes to the Senator from North Da- spite of that. Mr. President, as to how taxpayers’ kota, followed by 2 minutes for the During the last 20 years, Mr. Presi- money has been used: $37,500 was used Senator from Florida. dent, such eminent persons as Lyndon to settle a sexual harassment case Mr. CONRAD. Mr. President, today LaRouche has gotten a $12 million in against a top aide of the current Presi- we are engaged in a historic debate on taxpayers funds to run for President of dent in his campaign back in 1992. The our economic future. There are many the United States. He even got, inter- taxpayers paid for the settlement. of us on both sides of the aisle who are estingly enough, $200,000 from the tax- At the appropriate time, I will be of- committed to balancing our budget. payers to run for President while he fering a second-degree amendment But a group of us have worked for a was in jail. My assumption is he would which I hope will be approved. I hope number of weeks on producing a plan not even be able to vote for himself as that the underlying amendment will be that we call the Fair Share plan, be- a resident of the jail. disapproved. This is a program that cause we believe the Republican alter- In addition, that outstanding Amer- ought to end up on the ash heap of his- native that has been presented does not ican, Lenora Fulani, has gotten $3.5 tory. call on all of our citizens on a fair basis million from the taxpayers of America In addition to that, Mr. President, I to contribute to this effort. to run for President. will offer an amendment with regard to Perhaps the conservative commen- Now, Mr. President, the taxpayers of the Appalachian Regional Commission, tator Kevin Phillips said it best when America have an opportunity every a Commission that is extremely impor- he said, ‘‘If the budget deficit were April 15 to vote on how they feel about tant to my own State of Kentucky, and really a national crisis we would be using taxpayers’ money for the Presi- will be cosponsored by Senator WAR- talking about shared sacrifice, with dential election. As a matter of fact, it NER, Senator COCHRAN, Senator ROCKE- business, Wall Street and the rich, the could be argued it is the most complete FELLER, and Senator HEFLIN. people who have the big money, mak- survey ever taken in America on any Essentially, Mr. President, even ing the biggest sacrifice. Instead, the subject. though the Appalachian Regional Com- richest one or two percent, far from Every April 15, voters get to decide mission would be taken down in its making sacrifices, actually get new whether they want to check off—it funding over a period of 7 years, very, benefits and tax reductions.’’

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00040 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7321 That does not strike some of us as overall Federal spending. Our plan lim- Mr. DOMENICI. I am using my time. fair. We believe everyone in this coun- its the growth in tax entitlements to I hope Senators understand that is try ought to be asked to contribute to inflation plus 1 percent, producing $228 literal. There are 26 minutes left on our solving this budget problem. So we billion in savings over 7 years. side, 18 minutes left on Senator EXON’s have created an alternative that we We are simply saying, as the Repub- side. I intend to make that where it call the fair share balanced budget licans have argued, that entitlement comes out even. plan. It balances the budget by the growth ought to be limited. We agree. I yield 3 minutes to Senator But we do not think we should forget year 2004 without counting the Social SANTORUM in opposition to the amend- Security trust fund surpluses. The Re- the biggest entitlement of them all, ment. the tax preferences, tax benefits, tax publican plan claims to achieve bal- The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. ance by the year 2002, but they do that loopholes that go to those who have the most in our society. Let us ask ev- FAIRCLOTH). The Senator from Pennsyl- by counting Social Security trust fund vania is recognized for 3 minutes. surpluses. In fact, if you look at the eryone in our country to contribute to an effort to reduce the deficit and let Mr. SANTORUM. I thank the Sen- Republican budget resolution you will ator. find that they have a $113 billion budg- us ask them to contribute on a fair Mr. President, I wanted to talk about et deficit, when it is fairly stated, in basis. I reserve the remainder of my time. the Conrad amendment and just sug- the year 2002. We understand they do The PRESIDING OFFICER. The time gest that this is more of the same, not achieve a balanced budget without of the Senator has expired. The Sen- again smoke and mirrors, no defined counting Social Security surpluses ator from Florida is recognized for 2 plan of how you are going to get there, until the year 2006. minutes. more taxes, $230 billion is what they Our plan offers even more deficit re- Mr. GRAHAM. Mr. President, I wish tell you about, but go ahead and spend duction in the year 2002 than their to add my voice in support of the $170 billion in the reserve fund. We do plan. Without counting the Social Se- amendment to be offered by the Sen- not know how that necessarily will curity surpluses, the Republicans have ator from North Dakota. I believe it work and whether that is really there. a $113 billion deficit in 2002, while the speaks to two important principles in I ask the Senator from North Da- Fair Share plan has a $97 billion def- this debate. One, there has been an as- icit, $16 billion less in deficit than the kota. Has that been scored by the Con- sumption that there is a single path to gressional Budget Office that your Republican plan. the heaven of a balanced budget; if we We freeze defense spending, like the budget gets a bonus of $170 billion? Do did not ride on the chariot that has you get that bonus? Republican plan does. been provided to us by the Republican We freeze nondefense discretionary leadership that we could not get to Mr. CONRAD. Am I to respond? spending while the Republicans cut it that destination. Senator CONRAD has Mr. SANTORUM. Yes. $190 billion below a freeze. In other clearly outlined that there are alter- Mr. CONRAD. We have treated the words, we have frozen both defense native means of reaching the goal of a $170 billion in the same way that the spending and nondefense discretionary balanced budget. And we stand second Republican resolution has treated it. In spending for 7 years in our plan. In the to no Member of this body in terms of other words, only that money— Republican plan, they have cut, on do- our commitment and the length of our Mr. SANTORUM. Has the CBO scored mestic discretionary spending, $190 bil- commitment toward the goal of a bal- $170 billion in savings in your budget as lion below freeze. That means the high- anced budget. a result of it going to balance as it did priority areas of the budget are dev- Second, I believe we will not reach a the Domenici budget? astated under the Republican plan: balanced budget with the Republican Mr. CONRAD. We do have CBO scor- Education, infrastructure, research and plan, and we will not because it fails to ing for the 7 years that indicate we will development, technology. We add back meet a fundamental requirement and save $1.250 trillion. We will balance $47 billion to education. We add back that is the requirement of fairness; the without using Social Security sur- $54 billion to infrastructure, and some requirement that all Americans be pluses. $13 billion to R&D and technology be- asked to contribute to the balancing of Mr. SANTORUM. I am running out of the budget in an evenhanded manner. cause those are the keys to America’s time. The wheels and wings of this chariot future. Mr. CONRAD. We have more deficit We also cut other important prior- of the Republican leadership for a bal- reduction in the year 2002 than the Re- ities less than the Republican plan. We anced budget will fall off before we publicans. restore $100 billion of the $256 billion reach the year 2002 because the Amer- Republicans cut in Medicaid. We have ican people will object. They will reject Mr. SANTORUM. If I can reclaim my full funding for student loans, some $14 the proposal to reach that balanced time, I am not getting an answer to the billion. We restore $24 billion of the $46 budget which attempts to do so pri- question. I guess the answer is the CBO billion the Republicans cut in nutrition marily by reducing the already meager has not scored $170 billion in bonus sav- and agriculture. We restore $60 billion capability of the poorest and the oldest ings as a result of getting to balance in of the $86 billion cut in income assist- of Americans. 9 years. So they are using money that The most dramatic example of that is ance in the Republican plan. And we they do not even have. So it is already in the area of health care. We have restore $5 billion of the $10 billion Re- potentially $170 billion out of balance. beaten upon our respective breasts publicans cut in veterans benefits. They have $230 billion in tax in- about how we are holding down entitle- To fund these changes we reject the creases. They do not solve the Medi- ments. Here is what we are doing. Ac- Republican tax cuts targeted at the care problem because they add money cording to the Congressional Budget wealthy. The fair share plan eliminates back which does not take care of the Office, overall health care expenditures $170 billion reserved in the Republican problem with the insolvency of the are projected to increase by over 7 per- plans for tax cuts targeted primarily trust fund. They have $443 billion in cent per capita between now and the new spending, but only $398 billion in for the wealthy. year 2002. This budget would restrain We also ask the wealthiest among us offset. So that falls short. Medicare, the program for our oldest This plan looks remarkably like a 10- to contribute to a balanced budget by Americans, by less than 6 percent, and limiting the growth of tax breaks, tax year plan that the President sup- 1.5 percent for our poorest Americans. posedly is eyeing over at the White loopholes and tax benefits, tax pref- That is unfair. That plan will not House of how to get to a balanced erences that benefit the wealthy and reach the year 2002. Senator CONRAD’s budget in 10 years, which this budget the big corporations. Tax entitlements plan will. are the largest entitlement in dollar I urge its adoption. does in 9 years. terms and the third fastest growing Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, how Mr. GRAHAM. Will the Senator from major area of the Federal budget. The much time remains on each side? Pennsylvania yield for a question? Republican budget plan lets these tax The PRESIDING OFFICER. There Mr. SANTORUM. Let me finish my loopholes and tax preferences grow are 261⁄2 minutes for your side, and 181⁄2 time. Then I be would happy to yield, if without discipline, at twice the rate of minutes for the other side. I have any time left.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00041 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7322 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 24, 1995 I did a little homework. I found the The budget resolution says when we counting Social Security trust funds. Chief of Staff at the White House, Leon have tax cuts, if we do, they will not go It is a significant breakthrough. We do Panetta, who was Budget Committee to the rich. I do not know how many it by less draconian cuts on the high- chairman when I was on the Budget times I can say it, but that is the priority programs of education, Medi- Committee and offered a budget resolu- truth. Read the resolution. care, Medicaid, veterans, and many tion. ‘‘The Story of America’s Future, In addition, that $170 billion which others. Preparing the Nation For the 21st Cen- the Republicans say give back to We are able to do that because we re- tury,’’ which was a 10-year balanced Americans, they spend that. Of course, ject the tax reduction aimed and tar- budget, just being produced over at the $230 billion and $170 billion is $400 bil- geted primarily at the wealthiest White House, basically presented here lion. It seems to me, if you have $400 among us, and we say there is no need today, and they are remarkably simi- billion to spend, you can save a lot of to defend every tax preference, every lar—big cuts in defense, cuts in entitle- programs. tax loophole, every tax break that is in ments, which the Conrad budget does, I yield 1 additional minute. the current code. and up to a $400 billion in tax in- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- This chart shows it—$4 trillion of tax creases. ator from New Mexico is recognized for preferences over the next 7 years. We It is the same old song. 1 additional minute. say let us limit the growth to inflation Mr. GRAHAM. Will the Senator from Mr. DOMENICI. The question is, plus 1 percent. That saves us $228 bil- Pennsylvania yield for a question? should the American people be taxed lion. Mr. FAIRCLOTH. The time of the $230 billion more at this time in his- Now, my friends may be able to de- Senator from Pennsylvania has ex- tory, and should they not be entitled to fend every tax preference, every tax pired. at least take a look at whether they break, every tax loophole. I am not. I Who yields time? should get a tax cut when we get things do not understand the practice of al- Mr. DOMENICI. I yield myself 3 min- in balance, or should we spend it all? lowing 73 percent of the foreign cor- utes. That is the issue, plain and simple. All porations doing business in this coun- Mr. President, let me say to Senator the rest is an interesting discussion try to get by without paying one dime CONRAD and those who joined him, that which nobody has enough time to ana- of tax. Those are not U.S. taxpayers. we are— lyze. But I still commend the Senator. They are foreign taxpayers doing busi- Mr. GRAHAM. Will the Senator from It is better than nothing. We did not ness here, and we allow 73 percent of New Mexico yield for a question? have anything until now. them to get by without paying a penny. Mr. DOMENICI. No, I will not. I have So I thank him for doing something It makes no sense. not had a chance to speak yet. Let me better than having nothing to offer. I do not understand the practice of do this. I am not shying away from Frankly, it is a false gesture. There having a section 936 in the code that questions. Let me say to Senator will be a lot of people who will vote for costs $57,000 for every job created in CONRAD that it is very good that you it. They will say they voted for a bal- Puerto Rico under that section of the would bring a balanced budget to the anced budget also. Frankly, I think it code. I think we could do away with floor at 1 o’clock when there is 30 min- is a little too late. Nonetheless, we will that loophole, and overwhelmingly the utes left to debate. probably vote on it later today. people of this country would agree. I do The President sent a budget up about I yield the floor at this point and re- not see any reason we should not say to 4 months ago. The Republicans sent a serve the remainder of the time. the billionaires who renounce their budget to the Budget Committee about Mr. GRAHAM. Will the Senator from U.S. citizenship to avoid taxes, that 21⁄2 to 3 weeks ago. We have been on the New Mexico yield for a question or loophole should now be closed. floor a little more than a week. Frank- yield time to the Senator from Penn- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The time ly, there is no way to analyze the budg- sylvania? of the Senator has expired. et. But, frankly, I am absolutely posi- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who Mr. CONRAD. I thank the Chair. tive that it does contain a couple of yields time? The PRESIDING OFFICER. The things that everybody should under- Mr. DOMENICI. I do not have any Chair recognizes the Senator from Illi- stand. time. nois. The Senator would say he is just tak- Mr. EXON addressed the Chair. Mr. SIMON. Mr. President, I rise in ing care of loopholes, just not letting The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- strong support of the Conrad amend- those grow as much, not letting the tax ator from Nebraska. ment. In response to my colleague from credits and other things grow. He is Mr. EXON. Mr. President, unfortu- Pennsylvania, who said this is smoke freezing them at 1-percent growth. nately, the Senator from Nebraska is and mirrors, it took about 10 of us The truth of the matter is that placed in the position where I have a about six meetings to put this to- equals a number. That is a dollar num- great number of Senators who want to gether, plus our staffs. It is substan- ber. My estimate is that it is $230 bil- address this. If I have any time left for tial. I do not suggest that the budget lion in new taxes no matter how you myself at all, I would like to answer offered by the Senator from New Mex- cut it, because in this resolution, if it some of the statements that have been ico is smoke and mirrors. This is not is done right, they tell the Finance made. But in view of the fact that I smoke and mirrors. The question is, Committee to raise revenues in the have Members on this side who are which is more equitable? And I think amount of $230 billion. Obviously, if very vitally involved in this whole clearly the Conrad amendment is. you raise revenues $230 billion, you can matter at this time, I would like to The second question is the growth of spend a lot of money. You can spend yield 2 additional minutes for whatever tax loopholes or tax entitlements. I $230 billion of the taxpayers’ money. purposes he sees proper to my col- have heard the Senator from New Mex- We did not do that. Americans should league from North Dakota. I would like ico speak often about entitlements and understand that. to yield, following that 2 minutes, to the need to get hold of them. He is ab- In addition, the Senate budget reso- my colleague from the State of Illinois solutely correct. But that also applies lution said when you balance, there is and 2 minutes to my colleague from to tax entitlements, and what the a dividend. We do not know if they the State of New Jersey, 6 minutes in Conrad amendment does is say on tax have a dividend on that side. But we total. loopholes, they can grow at the rate of said when that dividend accrues we cut The PRESIDING OFFICER. The inflation plus 1 percent. Americans’ taxes by $170 billion. It is Chair recognizes the Senator from Finally, I would say I am a pessimist very easy to sit up here and say we are North Dakota. that any of these things will stand only going to cut for the rich. It is not Mr. CONRAD. I thank the Senator without the teeth of a constitutional true. If they did not have that in their from Nebraska. amendment. Our history is after 2 vocabulary on that side, they would In answer to my colleague from years they blow up. But I believe the not have anything to talk that about. Pennsylvania, this is not the same old Conrad plan has a greater chance of Every time they get up, they talk song. This is a balanced budget and one standing up through the test of time about taxing the rich. that does it without using or without because it is more fair. The burden is

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00042 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7323 spread more evenly. I strongly support this budget resolution is use the top 5 ference. But I offered this particular the Conrad amendment. instead of the top 3 for your averages. proposal because I am very concerned The PRESIDING OFFICER. The And we hope to do some grandfathering about people having the retirement Chair recognizes the Senator from New in the committee so that it has the rules changed on them along the way Jersey. least damaging effect. On the other in their working career. Mr. BRADLEY. Mr. President, the hand, I would like to do more but I am Mr. EXON. Mr. President, how much issue of whether there will be a tax in- also hopeful that when we go to con- time do I have remaining? crease in the budget resolution, of ference I can hold what we have done, The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- course, is yesterday’s story. There al- and from what I understand from most ator has 12 minutes 9 seconds. ready is a tax increase in the Repub- senior groups, most Federal employee Mr. EXON. I yield 2 minutes to the lican budget proposal. It is the elimi- groups, with some grandfathering this Senator from Michigan and following nation of the earned-income tax credit. is much more palatable than what the that 2 minutes to the Senator from It is a tax increase of $20 billion on House did. Minnesota. families that earn under $28,000 a year. Second, I would like to talk about The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- So make no mistake, the issue is not WIC. Some people have talked about ator from Michigan has 2 minutes. whether or not there will be a tax in- the Women, Infants and Children Pro- Mr. LEVIN. Mr. President, I thank crease. The issue is who is going to pay gram. I think it was Senator LEAHY. the Senator from Nebraska. the tax. And I believe that this meas- We accommodated an increase in the The budget resolution before us as- ure is appropriate. It says that cor- WIC Program. There is no argument sumes a 15 percent reduction in over- porations and wealthy individuals who that other programs should be re- head for programs in nondefense agen- use tax loopholes should lose them or strained, but we said we think that cies. It assumes no reduction in over- have them limited. The Senator from should be increased; that is very impor- head for the Defense Department. I South Dakota and I might disagree on tant, nutrition. In fact, it is a $1.6 bil- think that is the wrong signal to send which tax loopholes should be elimi- lion increase. to the Defense Department, particu- nated, but there is no question that we With reference to the power mar- larly given the fact that we know there should tell the Finance Committee to keting, there is and there will be an has been remaining waste in the de- work to achieve that amount of deficit amendment and discussion about it. fense budget. We have identified lit- reduction through the elimination of Let me just suggest we understood erally hundreds of millions of dollars the tax loopholes. from Members on our side and the that the GAO has pointed out could be If this amendment does not succeed, Democrat side that the PMA’s as pro- saved by improved efficiency in travel when we get to the end and we are of- posed by the House was too tough; it management. We know of the billions fering amendments that will not be would raise utility rates very high in of dollars of expenditures where they able to be debated, I will be offering some areas of the country. We scaled it cannot even identify authority for the another alternative budget that will back tremendously in this budget reso- expenditures. cut discretionary spending more, Med- lution. For those who are interested, We can reduce somewhat the over- icaid and Medicare less, tax expendi- we reduced the savings in the Presi- head in the Defense Department. My tures less, have a tobacco tax, cut de- dent’s budget by two-thirds, or $2.9 bil- amendment which I will send to the fense more, and cut agriculture more. lion, the assumption of savings. desk says it is the sense of the Senate That will be an alternative budget to We also assumed that existing cus- that the Armed Services Committee the one that is being offered now by tomers get preferential rights to pur- and the Appropriations Committee the distinguished Senator from North chase the PMA’s. I think we did a very should reduce the overhead in the De- Dakota. So that, indeed, we will have credible and good job in that area, and fense Department by 3 percent—just 3 two Democratic amendments that I hope that the Senate would not fur- percent. And again the contrast here is would produce a balanced budget—not ther change that during the waning very clear. We have in this budget as- one but two. And I hope that this moments. sumed a 15-percent reduction in over- amendment is seriously addressed by In addition, I repeat one more time, head of nondefense agencies, but the the Senate and passed, because it is this budget resolution says by adoption budget makes no cut, no assumption clearly better than the current budget of a sense-of-the-Senate resolution, if about the reduction in overhead in the proposal. taxes are granted to the American peo- Defense Department. And given the The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who ple, 90 percent of them shall go to fact there has been identification of ex- yields time? Americans earning $100,000 or less. cess and waste in overhead in the De- Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, how If I did not use all of my time, I will fense Department, we ought to at least much time remains? reserve the remainder of it and yield at ask the Appropriations Committee and The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- this time. the authorizing committee to cut over- ator has 19 minutes 2 seconds. Mr. SARBANES. Will the Senator head—and I emphasize the word ‘‘over- Mr. DOMENICI. That is all that is re- yield? head’’—by 3 percent. This does not re- maining? Mr. DOMENICI. I will be pleased to duce the programmatic activities of The PRESIDING OFFICER. The yield. the agency. Democratic side has 12 minutes 9 sec- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who Just the way the 15-percent reduc- onds. yields time? tion in overhead was directed to be Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I have Mr. DOMENICI. I yield. taken out of things like travel and rent a number of comments I wish to make. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The and not out of the programs of the I yield myself 5 minutes. Chair recognizes the Senator from agencies, so this minimum 3 percent Mr. President, on Federal workers, Maryland. reduction in defense is directed not to there will be an amendment called up Mr. SARBANES. I will be very brief. come out of the programmatic activi- that Senator SARBANES offered, and, That this resolution is more sensitive ties of the defense agencies. frankly, I want the body to know that toward the Federal employees than the The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- I worked very hard with Federal em- House-passed resolution is correct. I ator’s time has expired. ployees representative groups. We did a think we have done better than the Mr. EXON. As I understand it, the lot better in this budget resolution for House. I offered the amendment on the Senator will send the amendment to Federal workers than the House did. retirement provision because I feel the desk for later consideration. First of all, we did not freeze their strongly we ought not to change the Mr. LEVIN. That is correct. pay. They get their regular pay in- rules on people who have given long The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- creases. We provided sufficient money. service and planned this retirement. ator from Minnesota is recognized for 2 The House provided a freeze. Unlike But the overall package in the Senate minutes. the House approach, we did not put a resolution is better than what the AGRICULTURE AND NUTRITION PROGRAMS tax on them to put in the pension fund House has done, and I am hopeful that Mr. WELLSTONE. I thank you, Mr. of 2.4 percent. The only thing that is in we can do even better in the con- President.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00043 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7324 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 24, 1995 Later on, we will be voting on an heads of future generations. There is It is an area of intense wildlife activ- amendment offered by Senator EXON an environmental debt, as well. We ity. Animals give birth, nurse and feed and, I believe, Senators DASCHLE and have a moral duty to give them a world their young, and set about the critical DORGAN, and I am an original cospon- that has clean water and clean air, and business of fueling up for winters of un- sor. This amendment would restore $15 open vistas where wildlife runs free. speakable severity. billion from the tax cuts to agriculture One of the great birthrights of every Addressing my second concern—that and nutrition programs. American citizen is the wealth of su- the revenue raised from drilling in this Mr. President, I will tell you, a perlative public lands. wilderness area will not result in such minute and a half is not enough time Unfortunately, the budget resolution a significant amount of money that it to talk about nutrition programs, but I before us today jeopardizes one of the couldn’t be found elsewhere—let me want to just remind my colleagues that most spectacular places in America: say that the estimated revenue is only some 13 million children received food the coastal plain of the Arctic National two-tenths of 1 percent of the total stamp benefits in 1992. Families with Wildlife Refuge. There is a provision in savings. children receive 1.9 percent of food the budget that provides for oil and gas And that’s why I’m here today, to stamp benefits. lease sales in this sanctuary. Located offer an amendment that will prohibit In addition, we are talking about the in the northeastern corner of Alaska, the leasing of the coastal plain of child and adult care food program this unique piece of our natural herit- ANWR to pay for deficit reduction and which is nutritional assistance for chil- age is bordered on the north by the to recommend that we pay for the loss dren at child care centers—and I have Arctic Ocean and Beaufort Sea, and on in revenue with an offset that would visited those centers—we are talking the south by the snow-capped Brooks come from taxing millionaire ex-patri- about $20 billion-plus of cuts in the Range. ots. I don’t think there’s any question Food Stamp Program. And I say to my As a lead sponsor of S. 428, the bill that the small number of wealthy indi- colleagues, not that long ago, the Sen- that designates the coastal plain of the viduals who choose to renounce or re- ate unanimously supported an amend- Arctic National Wildlife Refuge as wil- linquish their citizenship for the pur- ment that I offered that we would take derness area, I am concerned by the pose of avoiding taxes—or any other no action that would increase hunger provision in the budget proposal that reason—are still responsible to pay among children in America. Three uses revenues taken from sales of taxes on the estate, income, trust and times I tried to get a vote on that and leases to drill the coastal plain. gift revenue they received while still lost. The fourth time we went on My concern arises on two levels: Americans. record supporting it. first, that the budget is assuming rev- My amendment to prohibit the sale I just simply want to say that these enue from a pristine wilderness area; of leases for oil and gas development in cuts in these nutrition programs will and second, that the revenue raised the coastal plain of ANWR is revenue lead to increased hunger among chil- from drilling in this wilderness area neutral. The revenue loss of $2.3 billion dren. The food stamp program in the will not amount to such an insignifi- over 7 years is fully offset by closing United States of America is not per- cant amount of money that it could tax loopholes that have been used by fect, but, given the tremendous dispari- easily be found elsewhere. wealthy Americans who renounce their ties of welfare benefits, very low bene- Mr. President, as I’ve said before, the citizenship. My amendment is consistent with fits, way below poverty level in many best thing we have learned from nearly the current law—with the dictates of States, it is the true safety net for 500 years of contact with the American Congress—law that prohibits oil and children. wilderness is restraint, the need to gas drilling in the coastal plain of To have these kinds of reductions in stay our hand and preserve our pre- ANWR. It is also consistent with agree- this food assistance program is one of cious environment and future resources ments that we have made with Canada the cruelest things we could do. And rather than destroy them for momen- to preserve and protect this wilderness this summer, well before that final rec- tary gain. area, especially the habitat and culture onciliation bill, I am going to be on the For this reason, I have been active in of the native people who live in the floor over and over and over again re- the effort to designate the refuge area. minding my colleagues of the con- coastal plain of Alaska as a wilderness sequences of what we are doing with My amendment prevents oil and gas area. And I am not alone. Only 4 years leasing in the coastal plain of ANWR these cuts. These are real children, real ago, Congress rejected the idea of sac- faces, real people, in our country. They without hearings in Congress. It does rificing a prime part of our national not preclude future development of this do not have the political clout but they heritage, the Arctic National Wildlife deserve much more of our support. area, but only prevents Congress from Refuge, for what would be a minimal using these savings from oil and gas The PRESIDING OFFICER. The time supply of oil. The Arctic National of the Senator from Minnesota has ex- leasing in the current budget process. Wildlife Refuge is an invaluable region The coastal plain—where the oil and pired. with wildlife diversity that has been Who yields time? gas leasing would occur is the biologi- Mr. EXON. Mr. President, I have an compared to Africa’s Serengeti. cal heart and the center of wildlife ac- As I’ve said in earlier statements, the additional speaker that I would be glad tivity in the refuge. It is a critical part Alaskan wilderness area is not only a to yield to at this time. of our Nation’s preeminent wilderness Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I say critical part of our Earth’s ecosystem— and would be destroyed by oil develop- to Senator ROTH, do you want to dis- the last remaining region where the ment. cuss an amendment you were going to complete spectrum of arctic and sub- There are those who may think the offer? arctic ecosystems comes together—but northern coast of Alaska is too remote Mr. ROTH. Yes. it is a vital part of our national con- for us to worry about. I urge them to Mr. DOMENICI. I yield 2 minutes to sciousness. It is a place we can cherish read the CONGRESSIONAL RECORDS from Senator ROTH and 1 minute to Senator and visit for our soul’s good. It offers the 1870’s. The men who initially urged STEVENS. us a sense of well-being and promises the Congress to protect a place called The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- that not all dreams have been dreamt. Yellowstone were subject to ridicule. ator from New Mexico yields 2 minutes The Alaskan wilderness is a place of Why, critics asked, should we forgo the to the Senator from Delaware. outstanding wildlife, wilderness, and opportunity to dig up minerals from PREVENTING OIL AND GAS LEASES IN THE recreation, a land dotted by beautiful the area? It’s a remote place, and few ARCTIC NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE forests, dramatic peaks and glaciers, Americans will ever venture there. Mr. ROTH. Mr. President, when the gentle foothills, and undulating tun- Today, as we wrestle with America’s time has expired, I intend to offer an dra. It is untamed—rich with Caribou, future, let’s be as far-sighted as that amendment to prevent oil and gas polar bear, grizzly, wolves, musk oxen, Congress eventually proved to be. Let’s leases to be made in the Arctic Na- Dall sheep, moose, and hundreds of not cash in a unique piece of America tional Wildlife Refuge. thousands of birds—snow geese, tundra for a brief, hoped-for rush of oil. Let’s Mr. President, a financial debt is not swans, black brant, and more. In all, protect the coastal plain of the Arctic the only threat that hangs over the about 165 species use the coastal plain. National Wildlife Refuge—forever.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00044 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7325 Mr. President, this amendment will of wilderness, an area larger than the need to do it today for the future of not allow revenues to be used in this States of Vermont, New Hampshire, this country’s needs for energy and budget that are supposed to come from Connecticut, and Rhode Island. jobs. doing something that Congress has not In 1991, Alaska had over 57.5 million Mr. GLENN addressed the Chair. allowed. acres of wilderness. Compare this with The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who This is how it should be done. My the State with the next greatest yields time? amendment accomplishes this purpose. amount of wilderness—California— Mr. EXON. Mr. President, at this And I encourage my colleagues to sup- which had, in 1991, less than 6 million time, I yield 2 minutes to the Senator port this important effort. acres of wilderness. Compare this also from Ohio, followed by 2 minutes to the Mr. DOMENICI. I yield one 1 minute with the fact that Connecticut, Dela- Senator from Virginia, followed by 2 to the Senator from Alaska. ware, Iowa, Kansas, Maryland, Rhode minutes to the Senator from Con- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Island, and the District of Columbia necticut. Chair recognizes the Senator from have no wilderness. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Alaska. Within Alaska, we have individual Chair recognizes the Senator from Mr. STEVENS. Mr. President, the wilderness areas larger than some Ohio. basic concept of this resolution is that other States. For example, Gates of the Mr. GLENN. Mr. President, I thank it assumes no increase in revenue. Sen- Arctic National Park, which at 8.4 mil- the floor manager of the bill. Mr. President, do I have a bargain for ator ROTH’s amendment is one of the lion acres, is twice the size of New Jer- the U.S. Senate. This is the best deal first to assume increased taxes. It is a sey, contains 7.1 million acres of wil- you are going to get all day, I think. tax increase. His amendment will re- derness—an area 6 times the size of For every dollar spent, you are going quire an increase in revenue because it Delaware. Within the Arctic National to get $5 back and no new taxes. How takes out the revenue that would be Wildlife Refuge, too, there are 8 mil- do we do that? Sounds like blue smoke generated by leasing 1.5 million acres lion acres of wilderness, an area the and mirrors, but it is not. of the North Slope. It is not wilderness. size of Massachusetts and Delaware Mr. President, this amendment It has never been wilderness. It is the combined. makes sure that we do not jeopardize largest potential area of oil and gas But this area should not be confused more than $9 billion in deficit reduc- production in the United States. with the 1.5 million acres that we are tion. I am pleased to be joined in this I oppose this amendment. The audac- discussing today for development of its amendment by my good friend from Il- ity of those that would keep that oil potential. In section 1002 of the linois, Senator SIMON. blocked up. They are leading to the Alaska National Interest Lands Con- Let me stress that there are a num- concept where we are now purchasing servation Act of 1980, Congress set this ber of things about this budget resolu- 55 percent of our oil from overseas, area aside and required Interior to re- tion I support, not the least of which is roughly $70 billion a year, because we port on the resources and oil potential its strong approach to reducing the def- are not producing oil from our own in this area for the future. icit and controlling the costs of Gov- public lands. Interior conducted seismic studies of ernment. And while I disagree with I want to respond to suggestions that the area and concluded that there is a many of the priorities chosen by the the coastal plain Congress set aside in 46-percent chance of discovering com- chairman of the Budget Committee, I 1980 within the Arctic National Wildlife mercial quantities of oil. It estimated commend his commitment and perse- Refuge for a study of its oil and gas po- that there may be as much as 9.2 bil- verance in seeking to balance the budg- tential is wilderness. This land is not lion barrels of oil in the coastal plain— et so that we can leave our children wilderness. Congress has not declared which would make it the largest re- and grandchildren a legacy of hope, it wilderness. Congress set this area maining oil reserve in North America. rather than debt. aside to study the oil potential of this To give some perspective of how much Mr. President, I believe the amend- area, the potential which we now wish oil that is, 10 billion barrels have been ment I am offering today furthers that to develop. pumped out of the Prudhoe Bay field— goal by preserving the antifraud com- Mr. President, in 1980, Congress with- and it has been supplying 25 percent of pliance initiative of the Internal Rev- drew 19 million acres in northeast this country’s domestic oil need since enue Service which will bring in al- Alaska to establish the Arctic National the late 70’s. most $5 for every $1 we spend. Wildlife Refuge, an acreage that equals Some have argued that oil and gas Currently $164.3 billion in unpaid the entire State of Maine. Of that, Con- development would destroy the wildlife taxes are owed to the Government. gress designated as wilderness 8 million in the area. The same arguments were Much of that is not collectible because acres, an acreage exceeding the com- made when Congress considered the of defunct corporations, bankruptcy, bined area of the States of New Jersey Trans Alaska Pipeline Authorization death or loss of employment. But $30.1 and Connecticut. Congress designated bill in 1973. But the facts prove other- billion of that total is collectible right the other 11 million acres non-wilder- wise. Since oil and gas was developed now. I think that bears repeating: $30.1 ness refuge lands. At that time, Con- at Prudhoe Bay, the caribou population billion is rightfully owed to the Gov- gress also set aside 1.5 million acres in the area has skyrocketed, increasing ernment and is collectible right now. within the non-wilderness area of the by a whopping 600 percent. Likewise, That is where the compliance initia- Arctic National Wildlife Refuge to populations of musk oxen, waterfowl, tive comes in. Last year, with bipar- study them for oil potential. It is this and polar bear have either remained tisan support, the Congress approved area which we want to develop, not wil- stable or increased. In fact, with mod- and funded the compliance initiative to derness within the Refuge. ern drilling technology, only 5,000 to collect this debt and it is projected I also want to respond to the sugges- 7,000 acres—roughly one-half of one that $9.2 billion will be collected over tion of some Members and people out- percent—of the 1.5 million acres in the the next 5 years. I think that is a con- side this body continue to argue that coastal plain area would be impacted servative estimate, I am happy to re- this 1.5 million acre set-aside rep- by roads, structures, or other develop- port that collections are ahead of resents the only, or the last, great wil- ment activities. schedule. In the first quarter of the ini- derness. This is just not so. Alaska, I urge you to let Alaska’s oil re- tiative alone, $101 million has been col- which has been singled out among all sources go to work to reduce the budg- lected—money that will reduce the def- the states, is full of lands that have et deficit, increase domestic oil produc- icit which is what the budget resolu- been given a wilderness designation by tion, and create jobs. I urge you not to tion before us is all about. Congress. Alaska, in fact, with over 56 be swayed by inaccurate statements Mr. President, the first quarter re- million acres of wilderness, has 64 per- about the ‘‘1002 area’’ on the Arctic sults are laid out for all to see in this cent of all wilderness acreage in the coastal plain—inaccurate statements report which I ask unanimous consent United States. This is an area larger about its wilderness designation or its to be printed in the RECORD. than the States of North Carolina and importance as the last great wilder- There being no objection, the mate- South Carolina combined. In the Arctic ness. Congress set aside this area to be rial was ordered to be printed in the of Alaska, there are 21.2 million acres studied for development of oil, and we RECORD, as follows:

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00045 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7326 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 24, 1995 STATUS OF ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE ing their taxes while others are getting initiative but insist on placing it under Currently, gross accounts receivable are off scot-free. the caps are perhaps the ones engaging $164.3 billion. Included in that amount are an I have talked with countless Ohioans in smoke and mirrors. These Senators active accounts receivable inventory and a who tell me that they diligently fill get to say that they support compli- currently uncollectible portion. out their tax forms, go through all of As of March 1995 the active portion of the ance, while knowing full well that accounts receivable inventory was $81.4 bil- the hassles with our all-to-complicated under the caps there is no money to lion; $30.1 billion of the $81.4 is the net col- Tax Code, send in their payments, only pay for it. Unfortunately, the only ones lectible portion of these receivables—this is to then hear about those who are get- who stand to gain are dishonest people the part we can collect right now. ting away with falsifying their returns and corporations who are not willing to The remaining $51.1 billion of the $81.1 is or submitting none at all. Or corpora- pay their fair share. They mock the the allowance for doubtful accounts (ADA) of tions that have developed tax schemes honest American taxpayer. And who the uncollectible portion—the part most to walk away from their liability while likely to be written off. are the losers, the American taxpayer Some of the reasons why these receivables everyone else picks up the tab. It is in- who has to pick up the tab, the Federal will not be collected are: defunct corpora- furiating. Alot of people may not like treasury which will lose more than $9 tions; taxpayers who have died, or suffered the IRS, but I will guarantee you they billion, and the big loser—deficit re- such other personal hardship as serious ill- like tax cheats a lot less. duction. ness or loss of employment; bankrupt busi- Well, if our amendment fails tax Senator SIMON and I want no part of nesses; inability to locate taxpayers, and cheats everywhere can rest easy. Quite an effort that so flies in the face of ra- abatements due to IRS and taxpayer errors. simply, by putting the compliance ini- The portion of our receivables in currently tionality. The amendment that we uncollectible status is $82.9 billion. A large tiative under the spending caps, the have introduced strikes that part of portion of this amount is accrued penalties budget resolution could force the IRS the budget resolution which requires and interest. This category represents ac- to abandon this important initiative that the compliance initiative be fund- counts not included in the active portion be- which not only generates revenue, but ed on budget. The affect of the amend- cause a collection employee has determined also assures honest Americans that ment would simply be to return the a taxpayer cannot currently pay owed taxes. others are also going to be paying their compliance initiative to its off-budget There is a likelihood that some portion of fair share. This notion of fairness is the status, where the Congress put it last the amount owed could still be collected in underlying principle behind the Tax the future. year, and where it has been working to In FY 94 alone, the IRS collected $1.2 tril- Code. bring in delinquent taxes ever since. lion in net tax receipts. Also in FY 94, the Eliminating the compliance initia- Mr. President, I would urge by col- active accounts receivables increased 7 per- tive not only cuts revenue to the leagues to support this amendment, so cent ($5.1 billion), the smallest growth in ac- Treasury by more than $9 billion, even that we can get on with the task of def- tive accounts receivable in 4 years. worse, it undermines confidence in our icit reduction. Mr. GLENN. Mr. President, this bi- Tax Code by signalling to Americans I ask unanimous consent that a sum- partisan antifraud program was placed that the Senate believes in double mary of the IRS compliance initiative outside the discretionary spending caps standards, that there are rules for be printed in the RECORD. for a very simple reason: the Budget hard-working Americans who pay their There being no objection, the mate- Enforcement Act precludes scoring rev- taxes, and no rules for people who rial was ordered to be printed in the enue gains from these kinds of compli- don’t. More effective compliance sends RECORD, as follows: ance activities. the right message: that there are no IRS COMPLIANCE INITIATIVE Unfortunately, language placed in double standards when it comes to tax NEED FOR COMPLIANCE INITIATIVE this year’s budget resolution shifts the fairness. Everyone must pay their fair Last year, Congress approved a $405 million initiative back within the caps. That share, and we will enforce the laws annual investment to collect an additional will have the effect of penalizing the against those who don’t. $9.2 billion to reduce the deficit over five initiative—and its substantial revenue Mr. President, I would urge my col- years. gains—in the appropriations process, leagues to recall that this entire issue The structure under which the Compliance since it forces appropriators to con- was settled last year. The Senate and Initiative was originally approved has pro- sider the initiative’s costs without al- the House both approved and funded vided the Congress and the IRS the flexi- lowing them to account for its much the IRS compliance initiative, and the bility to meet budgetary objectives, while at the same time strengthen compliance. greater revenue gains. IRS has since done its part. The IRS is This would likely lead to deep cuts, already ahead of schedule in collecting IRS COMPLIANCE INITIATIVE IS WORKING or even the abandonment, of an initia- the taxes targeted for this year, and Early results show that IRS will meet or tive that brings almost five times what that’s before most of the new compli- exceed the goal of generating the additional we spend on it. Those cuts would show ance employees are even fully trained. $9.2 billion. Through the first quarter of FY 1995, the initiative has generated an addi- up as short-term savings of $2 billion to Now, I have heard that some Sen- tional $101 million, 31% of the FY 1995 com- the Treasury. But it would ultimately ators share my view that the compli- mitment. The payoff in later years will be lead to a net loss of at lest $9.2 billion ance initiative makes a lot of sense, higher when the new people become fully over 5 years. This is shortsighted, and but think that, to avoid smoke and productive. it’s bad business. mirrors, it belongs on budget. In other Initiative results are being tracked. A new Mr. President, that is why members words, they say that if the IRS and the system for tracking this initiative and re- of both parties chose to remove the administration think this is so impor- lated revenues raised by it was developed by compliance initiative from the caps tant, they should fund the Initiative the IRS and accepted by GAO. The First Quarter Report was delivered to Congress, on last year. It is why the House budget within the caps. That is a reasonable schedule, on March 31. resolution continues that structure. notion that in years past might have CUTTING THE INITIATIVE WOULD INCREASE THE This is not a partisan issue. When it worked, and I probably would have DEFICIT came up before the Senate Budget agreed with them. Congress is working hard to shrink govern- Committee, my colleague from Mis- However, as we all know, our efforts ment costs. With regard to the initiative, souri, Senator BOND, voted to keep the to eliminate the deficit have neces- however, for every appropriated dollar initiative outside the caps. It is a sitated that funds available in previous ‘‘saved’’, tax revenues are reduced by nearly sound business investment. years simply don’t exist any longer. five dollars. Elimination of the five-year ini- But Mr. President, the compliance But this initiative was developed to as- tiative commitment for FY 1996 and beyond initiative is not only about bringing in sist in that effort—to help reduce the would dramatically hinder the IRS’ ability revenue properly owed the Govern- deficit. That is why the current struc- to address significant areas of noncompli- ment, it is also about fairness. I know ture was established. We all want to ance that the Congress has urged it to focus that some view the IRS as an easy tar- on—boosting examination coverage, reduc- collect delinquent taxes, and a $5 re- ing accounts receivable, and curbing filing get because of public animosity toward turn for every dollar spent is a wise in- fraud. the agency. Of course, no one enjoys vestment by any standard. Further, only $300 million in additional paying taxes. But what really burns I would argue, in fact, that those revenues will have been realized, sacrificing people up is to feel that they are pay- Senators who support the compliance $8.9 billion that will be achieved in FY 1996–

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00046 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7327 1999, and an additional $2.1 billion in years the proposed language on the Compliance ment offered by the Senator from past FY 1999. Initiative budget structure, so that we can North Dakota [Mr. CONRAD], the one on And this revenue loss relates only to direct continue to reduce the deficit as Congress in- the fair share budget; and the one of- revenues—the Service’s enforcement activi- tended last year. We urge you to support his fered by the Senator from Delaware ties also encourage voluntary compliance. amendment. Please have your staff contact Every one percent increase in voluntary John Haseley with Senator Glenn (4–1519) or [Mr. ROTH] on the Arctic National compliance increases tax revenues by $10 bil- Aaron Rappaport with Senator Simon (4– Wildlife Refuge. lion annually. 5573), with any questions. ARCTIC NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE ELIMINATING THE INITIATIVE SERIOUSLY Sincerely, AMENDMENT DAMAGES COLLECTIONS JOHN GLENN. Mr. LIEBERMAN. Mr. President, I IRS has put in place a long range hiring PAUL SIMON. am pleased to be an original cosponsor and training plan. By the end of May, over I urge support for this amendment. I of Senator ROTH’s amendment to pro- 5,000 people will have been hired or rede- will submit it at the appropriate time. tect the Arctic National Wildlife Ref- ployed to compliance jobs as part of this ini- I thank the Chair. uge from oil and gas development. The tiative. These employees are collecting taxes The PRESIDING OFFICER. The time budget resolution before us directs the already due, which if not collected, increase of the Senator has expired. The Sen- Energy Committee to authorize the the burden on those taxpayers who volun- ator from Virginia is recognized for 2 lease of 1.5 million acres of this inter- tarily meet their tax obligations. minutes. Elimination of the Initiative would require nationally significant refuge to oil IRS to immediately institute a hiring freeze Mr. ROBB. Thank you, Mr. President. companies. If this happens, it will vir- and in FY 1996 furlough the approximately I thank the managers of the bill. tually destroy one of the world’s crown 70,000 Compliance employees for up to 17 Mr. DOMENICI. Did I yield the Sen- jewels of nature for a small supply of days to reduce expenditures by $405 million. ator time, or did the Senator from Ne- oil. Yet, only last week in Senate de- In FY 1997, either further furloughs or a re- braska yield time? bate, oil from wilderness areas of Alas- duction in force would be necessary to re- Mr. ROBB. The time was yielded by ka’s North Slope was characterized as duce employment. Attrition alone would not the Senator from Nebraska. a surplus that should be made available be sufficient to get to lower staffing levels. Mr. DOMENICI. Can I yield it so the for export. Clearly, oil from the Arctic SAFEGUARDING TAXPAYER RIGHTS Senator from Nebraska has time left? National Wildlife Refuge is not a vital As tax administrators, one of the IRS’ How much time does the Senator from energy need for the United States. most important responsibilities is to ensure Virginia want, 3 or 4 minutes? The social and environmental cost of that taxpayers are treated fairly, cour- Mr. ROBB. Two minutes will be ade- teously and with respect. The IRS is com- quate. developing the refuge would be huge. It mitted to respecting the rights of all tax- Mr. DOMENICI. I yield 2 minutes to would severely impact major calving payers. Senator ROBB. grounds and disrupt migration for one In the last several years, the IRS has taken FAIR SHARE of the largest caribou herds on Earth. many steps administratively to safeguard The Porcupine herd, estimated re- taxpayer rights. And IRS is working with the Mr. ROBB. Mr. President, I rise in support of the fair share amendment cently at over 152,000 caribou, uses the Congress on proposed legislative changes coastal plain of this refuge where de- that would further enhance safeguards. that was offered by the Senator from The commitment to taxpayer rights will North Dakota, Senator CONRAD. I, with velopment is targeted, to raise their continue to drive IRS’ work with regard to a number of other Senators, worked calves and prepare for the incredibly the compliance initiative and, in fact, all of with him to try to develop an alter- harsh winter migration. It is one of the the IRS’ efforts. native to the budget resolution that is few areas hospitable enough for calving on the floor. I continue to accord to and summer habitation. The Canadian U.S. SENATE, Senator DOMENICI and others credit for government provided permanent pro- Washington, DC, May 22, 1995. tection for their portion of this habitat DEAR COLLEAGUE: We are writing to inform moving us in the right direction. you about an important issue in the Senate Their amendment, if you include the in recognition of its importance and Budget Resolution which, if left unchanged, $113 billion of Social Security trust highly threatened status. could cost the government and the American funds, would come to balance under Development of this refuge will people more than $9 billion in deficit reduc- that math by the year 2002. This eliminate a significant amount of habi- tion. amendment comes by the year 2004 and tat for other wildlife, including den- Last year, with bipartisan support, the ning and feeding areas for polar bears Congress approved and funded the IRS Com- gives us true balance without using the trust funds. and Arctic wolves. Forty three percent pliance Initiative to collect over $9.2 billion of all polar bear dens in and around the in unpaid taxes to reduce the deficit. And it There are some very difficult choices has been a real success—for every dollar we still ahead of us. We are talking about refuge occur in this area. It will de- invest in this program we will receive nearly budget resolutions and not budgets. stroy a major habitat of musk oxen, five dollars in return. When we get down to the hard work of and threaten staging grounds for mil- Last year’s budget resolution placed the the authorizing and appropriating, we lions of migratory birds. It has the po- Compliance Initiative outside the discre- are going to have to be making some tential to contaminate water supplies tionary caps for a very simple reason: The for vast areas of wilderness so pristine Budget Enforcement Act precludes scoring very, very painful and difficult choices. This particular approach, in my judg- that they define the very term itself. It revenue gains resulting from these kinds of will degrade one of the last scrapes of compliance activities. However, language ment, spreads that burden more equi- placed in this year’s budget resolution shifts tably and more fairly. Hence, I am very Arctic wilderness with each of the ele- the initiative back within the discretionary much in favor of it. ments of the Arctic North Slope eco- caps. That will have the effect of penalizing I, again, commend the Senator from system preserved intact. Ninety per- the initiative in the appropriations process, New Mexico for his leadership and I, cent of this system is already open to since it will force appropriators to consider like some of the other folks on this oil and gas development. Without ques- the initiative’s costs without allowing them side of the aisle, may end up even vot- tion, oil development will result in to account for its much greater revenue major environmental damages to this gains. ing for the final version, even if this As a result, this year’s budget resolution particular distribution fails, because I unique wilderness. will likely lead to deep cuts in the Compli- think it is important that we make the It also has the potential to destroy ance Initiative, or even force the IRS to statement about the seriousness of our the economic and social basis for In- abandon the initiative entirely. Those cuts intent to move toward true deficit re- dian cultures that have depended on would show up as a short-term savings of $2 duction, and we can continue to dis- these herds for thousands of years. We billion to the Treasury. But it would ulti- agree about some of the details. know them as the Gwich’in, the mately result in a net loss of $9.2 billion over With that, I thank the Chair, and I Inuvialuit, the Aklavik and others. We 5 years (and up to $11.3 billion including the yield the floor. have heard their songs of the caribou. out years). Such short-sightedness would not They remind us of Native Americans be tolerated in the private sector, and it The PRESIDING OFFICER. The should be rejected by the U.S. Senate, as Chair recognizes the Senator from Con- who once followed vast herds of bison well. necticut for 2 minutes. on the Great Plains, and sang to their During floor debate on the Budget Resolu- Mr. LIEBERMAN. Mr. President, I future as well. In the words of these tion, we will offer an amendment to strike rise to speak in favor of the amend- Alaskan Natives, ‘‘Our Arctic way of

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00047 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7328 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 24, 1995 life has endured for 20,000 years. Why site, as has every national poll since Inuvialuit of Aklavik, Northwest Territories should it die now for 6 months of oil?’’ the election. Seventy percent of Ameri- are among those whose lifestyle and culture As a result of Senate action to lift cans feel the Federal Government has would be at risk. the oil export ban last week, it is no not done enough to protect the envi- President Jimmy Carter, op-ed to the longer clear whose 6-month supply of ronment. In the case of the Arctic Na- New York Times, wrote: oil this might be. Repeatedly, we were tional Wildlife Refuge and many other The new Congress must be reawakened to told during Senate debate that a glut treasured public lands across this Na- protecting the interests of all Americans by of North Slope oil exists. So much so, tion, I can only agree. We should not protecting public lands in Alaska. For what that we need to export this surplus to transfer public refuges, parks, forests is at stake is an unparalleled system of Fed- more profitable locations, such as eral reserves protecting wildlife, fish and or energy reserves without extensive wilderness. Polar bears, musk ox, wolves and Japan. Oil from the refuge, in all prob- hearings, informed testimony, and de- a herd of 150,000 caribou roam the remote ability, will not fill American gas bate, particularly when they are so Coastal Plain of the Arctic National Wildlife pumps. Therefore, the whole energy near and dear to the American people. Refuge in the far north—a place often called independence rationale for drilling in I want read a few words from some of ‘‘America’s Serengeti... the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge is the many letters I have received urging November’s election was not a mandate to now clearly without any foundation. me to protect the Arctic National damage Alaska’s environmental treasures. We would be drilling for oil company Wildlife Refuge: Poll after poll has shown that the American profits, not energy independence. In people remain fully committed to the protec- The Ambassador of Canada, Mr. Ray- tion that makes the unspoiled reaches of our the process, we will deplete our domes- mond Chretien, wrote: Nation the envy of the world. tic oil reserves and destroy one of our Canada believes that opening the Arctic Mr. President, I believe it is essential most valuable environmental assets. I Refuge to oil and gas development will lead for this Nation to balance its budget. I think this is a very bad tradeoff, and I to major disruptions in the sensitive calving salute the budget committee for taking think most Americans will agree. grounds and will affect migratory patterns of The plan to develop the refuge is a the Porcupine Caribou Herd on which thou- bold and concrete steps to reach this bad idea for another very big reason: it sands of Canadian and American Aboriginal goal. This is a very difficult, com- doesn’t make budget sense. Senator people depend. plicated task that requires sacrifice by In signing the 1987 Canada-United States all of us. I believe Senator ROTH’s ROTH offers a replacement offset that Agreement on the Conservation of the Por- amendment provides a better way to more than covers the projected reve- cupine Caribou Herd, the United States and nues from oil leases, the closure of the reach this goal than the proposed de- Canada both recognized the transboundary velopment of the Arctic National Wild- tax break for expatriate millionaires. nature of these wildlife resources and our This tax break is for people who re- joint responsibility for protecting them. life Refuge. It trades something we do nounce their U.S. citizenship to shield In 1984, Canada gave wilderness protection not need, a tax break for rich people their enormous wealth from the taxes to its portion of the caribou calving grounds who do not care about our country every hard-working American must by creating the Northern Yukon National enough to maintain their citizenship, Park. The critical calving grounds in the pay. It should not be preserved at the for something we do need and are will- United States, however, do not have formal ing to take care of, one of or most pre- expense of the Arctic National Wildlife protection and remain vulnerable to develop- Refuge or any other significant re- cious natural resources. ment, as evidenced by the recent budgetary In 1991, I was 1 of 44 Senators who source of this Nation. proposals. The deficit reduction value of the Canada believes that the best way to en- voted against a motion to proceed with proposed Arctic National Wildlife Ref- sure the future of the shared wildlife popu- an energy bill that contained a plan to uge lease is clouded by several unre- lation of the Arctic Coastal Plain is to des- develop oil on this refuge. Today, we solved issues. First, the $1.4 billion fig- ignate the ‘‘1002’’ lands as wilderness, there- must renew this commitment to safe- ure scored by CBO assumes a 50-percent by providing equal protection on both sides guarding this national treasure. We of this border to this irreplaceable living re- must continue our stewardship of our State share, even though State law source. calls for a 90-percent share. Second, natural resources and natural heritage. there are uncertainties about the own- Gwich’in Tribe, Renewable Resource I ask all my colleagues on both sides of ership of submerged lands within the Board, Mr. Robert Charlie, wrote: the aisle to join Senator ROTH, me and refuge. If it is determined that these Opening up the Arctic Refuge to (oil and the many other Senators supporting lands belong to Alaska, it reduces the gas) development would have a drastic nega- this amendment today. We may not tive impact on the Porcupine Caribou Herd have a second chance. lease value of the refuge further. Third, which calves in the area. In turn, the decline TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH AND TRAINING the most recent offshore State lease of the herd would devastate the aboriginal near the refuge yielded only $48.41 per cultures in Yukon and Northwest Territories Mr. LIEBERMAN. Mr. President, I acre, compared to the estimated which rely on caribou for cultural and eco- wanted to speak briefly on the amend- $1,533.00 per acre assumed by CBO—a nomic survival... ment I am pleased to cosponsor with huge discrepancy. Finally, the budget Both President Clinton and Prime Minister Senators BINGAMAN and ROCKEFELLER process itself is simply the wrong place Chretien oppose drilling in the refuge. on technology research and training. to authorize major, irreversible actions Oil development is opposed by all First Na- The Federal Government, since the tions in Canada and Alaska, with exception of this kind because it limits normal Second World War, by its investments of the Inupiat who have financial interests in research and support of technology, debate, testimony, and public input. there. The current budget rule on public The calving grounds in the ‘‘1002’’ lands are has really driven this economy. This asset sales, which this budget resolu- recognized by the International Porcupine budget begins to dismantle the appa- tion seeks to change, prohibits the Caribou Board as the most sensitive habitat ratus that has created so much wealth, scoring of these sales for deficit reduc- of the herd. growth, and jobs, and we desperately tion for good reason. It was created in A study released last week by the Alaska need to compete in the world today. It 1985 during the Gramm-Rudman-Hol- Department of Fish and Game links the drop is the beginning of kind of an economic lings Act to avoid bogus, shortsighted in growth rate of the Central Arctic Herd at disarmament as the world becomes Prudhoe Bay to eviction of cows and calves more competitive. In this budget, while asset sales in the name of deficit reduc- by oil development. tion. Nothing has changed to reduce Other department reports in preparation other nations are increasing their rel- the need for this rule today as we de- collaborate on the negative impacts of devel- ative investment in research and devel- bate the fate of the Arctic National opment on caribou calving. opment and training and technology, Wildlife Refuge. Wildlife Management Advisory Coun- we actually decrease the investment Much has been said since last Novem- cil of the North Slope, Mr. Lindsay that America is making. ber about the views of the American Staples, wrote: In Japan and Germany, and other in- people on protecting the environment. dustrialized nations, the investments Allowing oil development in the Arctic So often we hear the presumption that Refuge would severely impact on the Porcu- that are made in research and training Americans care less. But, this past pine Caribou herd. A decline in the herd and technology are beyond partisan week a national poll by ABC and the would mean social and economic ruin for the and political debate. They stand up Washington Post found quite the oppo- indigenous peoples who rely on the herd. The there with national defense. Those

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00048 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7329 folks in Japan and Germany are prob- of other industrialized nations. Today, ment has invested. These technology ably the ones who will not only find we are behind Japan and Germany in programs account for less than 2 per- this debate shocking but will get a big this critical factor. This historic pat- cent of total Federal R&D investment laugh out of the fact that we are cut- tern relative to Japan and Germany but are critical to our ability to cap- ting some of these programs. has had a direct impact on our econo- italize on our innovations. We must The Commerce Department, the mies. Since the 1950’s, our per capita not cede to other nations the economic agency that has finally brought to- GDP has risen an average of 1.8 percent benefits of American ingenuity. Along gether our effort to take the research per year, while in Japan the rate has with the elimination of the Depart- from the laboratories, convert it into been 5.2 percent per year, and in Ger- ment of Commerce, these programs are technologies that create jobs and then many, 3.1 percent per year. R&D means either slated for deep cuts or elimi- have an aggressive export promotion new products and new technologies. nation. program that sells those products The correlation between R&D invest- Getting our products into markets abroad is actually being dismantled in ment and economic growth is real. around the world has been one of the the budget before us. While other nations are increasing real achievements of the Department While I support the bottom line that their relative investment in R&D, the of Commerce in recent years. The De- the budget achieves, these are the current budget resolution would de- partment of Commerce has worked ag- wrong priorities, and I hope through crease our R&D investment. It marks a gressively to increase exports. In the the sense of the Senate that we will ex- historic reversal in U.S. policy toward last 18 months, the Commerce Depart- press our support for different prior- science and R&D. By the year 2002, the ment successfully advocated, on behalf ities. budget resolution would decrease our of U.S. companies, contracts with a I find it ironic that the budget reso- Federal investment in R&D by approxi- total U.S. export content of $25 billion. lution, by cutting critical investments mately 40 percent. The result would be In other words, for every dollar spent in science, technology and trade, de- to decrease our national investment in on the Department of Commerce, $6 pletes future sources of revenues for R&D from 1.1 percent of GDP to 0.68 have been generated in the economy. the national budget, and ultimately percent of GDP. Even if other nation’s Commerce has eliminated unnecessary weakens our economy rather than R&D investments remain constant, and and outmoded regulations on more strengthens it. In trying to save dollars do not grow, as is the trend, we fall be- than $32 billion in exports, allowing do- today, we are throwing away the in- hind countries like France and the mestic companies the freedom to suc- vestments with the biggest payoffs to- United Kingdom. The lead that Japan ceed in overseas markets. And, these morrow. We are stealing from our own and Germany have over us grows sub- accomplishments have been made with pockets tomorrow, and from our chil- stantially. This graph does not con- the smallest Cabinet budget. The advo- dren to pay for budget cuts today. The sider the multitude of rapidly growing cacy for U.S. trade will be even more strategy simply makes no sense. emerging nations, who are rapidly be- critical in coming years as the global Research and development, applied coming fierce competitors in the global marketplace becomes a larger and larg- research, export promotion, and trade marketplace. er component of our economy. law enforcement. These efforts are the These conservative estimates of the There are new international competi- fuel of our economy. Traditionally, the results of the decrease is investment in tiveness issues on our horizon and we Government has played an important R&D have major implications for our will need to be effective and efficient in role in stoking our economic furnace ability to compete in the global mar- our responsiveness to the rapidly with selected, well-defined R&D pro- ketplace with products that incor- changing global economy. New mar- grams that stimulate the economy and porate the innovations conceived by kets are emerging in developing coun- protect and promote our interests our R&D efforts. It is not sufficient to tries. Conservative estimates suggest abroad. They have been a critical en- just conceive of good ideas. These ideas that 60 percent of the growth in world gine for economic growth in the United must become products and then be trade will be with these developing States and are one of its major com- brought to market, at home and countries over the next two decades. petitive advantages. The budget resolu- abroad. Our success in the global mar- During a time when we will need in- tion’s deep cuts into research and de- ketplace is directly reflected in our creased emphasis on international velopment have the potential to dev- standard of living and our quality of trade we are contemplating elimi- astate our research institutions, insti- life. The budget resolution completely nating the only agency that advocates tutions that have international reputa- dissolves the agency that has been the for American business, in the Cabinet tions for excellence. These institutions most effective in technology develop- and abroad. spawn the new ideas that form the ment and trade promotion, the Depart- The United States has a large share basis for innovation in the market- ment of Commerce, ending its pro- of imports in big emerging markets. place. No major research institution is grams in these areas up front. We are doing well, but much of our left unscathed—the Department of The effort to get our creative ideas to edge is due to our large share in Latin Commerce trade and technology pro- market, to feed our economy, has had a America. Vigorous efforts are nec- grams, the National Institutes of bipartisan history. Landmark legisla- essary in other parts of the world, par- Health, the Department of Energy tion by Senator DOLE and then Senator ticularly Asia, where Japan heavily Labs, NASA, and even the premiere Bayh led to a Federal initiative in out-invests the United States. These basic research institution, the National technology transfer from the federal markets combined, make up the larg- Science Foundation. The lack of judg- laboratory bench to industry. I applaud est component of United States ex- ment in cutting these programs is obvi- the forward-looking, innovative think- ports, and these markets are growing ous when one notes that the direct re- ing that was pioneered by our current rapidly. But, with the cuts in the budg- turn on investment to our economy, majority leader. The Advanced Tech- et resolution, we cannot maintain from research and development is 30 nology Program was crafted by con- these efforts. We will forfeit the money percent. This figure does not even take gressional leaders on both sides of the they bring into our country. We will into account indirect social benefits aisle during the Bush administration. lose their impetus to our economy. In- from research and development. These programs are leading us into the stead, we are cutting the most critical Currently, our Federal investment is 21st century, with significant potential programs in the smallest Cabinet budg- research and development is 1.1 percent for enormous returns on investment. et, in the name of decreasing the def- of GDP, split almost evenly between For example, the Manufacturing Ex- icit. It just does not make sense to cut defense and civilian R&D. If we remove tension Program, out of the Depart- these revenue producing functions. the defense component and add on the ment of Commerce, was designed to Cutting these trade functions, and the investment by the private sector, we help some 370,000 small- and medium- Department of Commerce, will ulti- find that our investment, as a nation, sized manufacturers, raise their per- mately increase the deficit, not de- in civilian R&D is 2.1 percent of GDP. formance to world standards. This pro- crease it. I often lament the near- We can compare the R&D investment gram has returned $8 to the economy sightedness of a corporate America trends in the United States with those for every dollar the Federal Govern- forced to focus on the next quarter’s

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00049 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7330 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 24, 1995 profits. I hate to see my Senate col- Anton of the Washington staff for further in- company in their State such as Preci- leagues succumb to a similar narrow formation or support at 202–785–0017. sion Samplers, that want to see the De- focus. Sincerely, partment of Commerce eliminated. As JOEL B. SNYDER, P.E., a result of our trade mission, and with In conclusion, I support this amend- Vice President, Professional Activities the help of the Department of Com- ment in order to assure that when we and Chair, U.S. Activities Board. merce, Precision Samplers has already cut government spending, which I I thank the Chair, and I yield the signed contracts worth half a million strongly support, we cut wisely, and we floor. dollars. And the list doesn’t end there, do not cut government investments Mr. ROCKEFELLER. Mr. President, I West Virginia companies such as the that build our economy. We must rise to, in the strongest terms, support Dean Co., and FCX Systems and Preci- maintain our investments in research, this amendment which I am pleased to sion Coil have all signed lucrative con- technology and trade promotion to en- cosponsor. I congratulate the Senator tracts since our trade mission, and a sure our future economic strength and from New Mexico, Mr. BINGAMAN, for big thanks goes to the experts at the international competitiveness. This his continued leadership on behalf of Department of Commerce who helped amendment stands for exactly that the Nation’s economic needs and poten- make these deals happen. Small com- point. tial, and join Senator LIEBERMAN in panies such as these owe a great deal helping to make this case to our col- Mr. President, I ask unanimous con- to Department of Commerce export leagues. sent to print in the RECORD a letter to promotion programs, and I doubt they The proposal to eliminate the U.S. Senator BINGAMAN from the Institute would want to see that support net- Department of Commerce is incredibly of Electrical and Electronics Engi- work eliminated. short-sighted and will be extremely neers. I also want to make a special note of harmful to the competitive position of the role played by the Bureau of Ex- There being no objection, the letter the United States. The Commerce De- port Administration [BXA]. BXA eval- was ordered to be printed in the partment’s responsibility for trade en- uates national security interests when RECORD, as follows: forcement, export promotion, manufac- American companies seek applications INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL AND turing, and technology is a focused for the export of dual use goods and ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS, INC., mission for American jobs and growth, technology; those are products that Washington, DC, May 24, 1995. and quite simply, its elimination is could have military applications. Hon. JEFF BINGAMAN, tantamount to economic surrender. There are a lot of things that need to U.S. Senate, Senate Hart Building, Washington, To begin with, the Commerce Depart- be considered in these applications, but DC. ment acts as the cop on the beat, en- as a Commerce entity, BXA has long- DEAR SENATOR BINGAMAN: As a representa- forcing U.S. trade laws against inter- standing close relations with exporters tive of the Institute of Electrical and Elec- nationally recognized unfair trading and the business community that other tronics Engineers, Inc., an organization that practices. Domestic industry is a huge agencies simply don’t have. However, promotes the career and policy interests of fan of the Department’s Import Admin- BXA has to work with all those other 240,000 U.S. electrical engineers (IEEE–USA), istration, and a move to eliminate it, I am compelled to alert you to our unwaver- agencies in making its evaluations. Ex- ing support for the U.S. research and devel- or roll it into another agency with a port licensing has foreign policy impli- opment base. We have become increasingly very different mandate, is only going cations, so involves the State Depart- alarmed at the pace and scope of the rescis- to be red meat for our competitors. I ment; it has national security implica- sions and proposed funding reductions and know this from painful experience. tions, so works with DOD; it has to eliminations of R&D programs that we see as Those of us who represent industries clear the sale of nuclear equipment vital to U.S. industry, the economy and our such as steel have seen what unfair that DOE is expert in, or other things global competitiveness. Estimates of a 30– trade, dumping and subsidized imports, that the Arms Control and Disar- 40% reduction over the next 5 years in Fed- can mean to local economies and our mament Agency has a role to play. And eral support for research and technology de- Nation’s overall economy. The Import BXA coordinates all this while always velopment will have a lingering and delete- rious effect on our economy. Administration does yeomen’s work looking out for the needs of American enforcing our domestic trade laws— businesses. In the budget resolution recently passed by which look out for American busi- We need to maintain an umbrella or- the House and in the pending Senate coun- nesses and American jobs—and to move ganization that looks out for America’s terpart, drastic reductions to R&D programs across the board are assumed. No one will it somewhere else is not only thought- business interests at home and across argue against the merits of deficit reduction. less, it is dangerous. the globe. Creating a Department of A widening national debt has a very draining Mr. President, I will not sit by while Trade would be better than breaking effect on our economy and our ability to in- the one agency that is looking out for up all the trade functions of the De- vest wisely for the future. But in our zeal to American business, at home and partment of Commerce and moving find ways to cut government spending, pro- abroad, is dismantled for political gain. them all over the Government, to Jus- grams which are designed to boost our econ- The Department of Commerce’s trade tice, DOD, Treasury, the ITC, USTR, omy and, in turn revenues, are being sac- promotion arm is the matchmaker for wherever. But why reinvent the wheel? rificed. This short sightedness needs to be thousands of businesses promoting The Department of Commerce works. short lived before irrevocable harm is done to the U.S. R&D base and jobs are lost. products made in the United States— This idea of making a Department of by American workers—in markets all Trade or expanding USTR is merely We at IEEE–USA are very glad to learn of over the world. I speak from experience moving around the deck chairs. And your intention to offer an amendment to S. here. In January, I led a trade mission maybe it is even worse. This particular Con. Res. 13, the Senate Budget Resolution, to express a sense of the Senate that re- of West Virginia businesses to Japan ship is standing tall and sailing true. search, technology and trade promotion are and Taiwan, we called it Project Har- Breaking it down and moving it around vital to the future of the U.S. economy. Re- vest because that is what we were try- is a bad idea. search programs are vulnerable because they ing to do, sow the seeds of relation- I also want to discuss a related set of do not always have the visibility of many ships that would reap tangible benefits proposed cuts—support for new break- other government programs and therefore for small and large West Virginia com- through technologies. It is an astound- are easy targets for budget cutters. Your panies and their workers. In all this we ing proposal, and one that shows how amendment reminds the whole Congress of worked closely with the Department of soon some forget what it takes for the importance of research and technology and hopefully will urge the budget cutters Commerce’s Foreign Commercial Serv- America to win in the new global econ- and appropriators to use extreme caution be- ice, and in less than 6 months, these omy. fore haphazardly cutting or eliminating companies have already secured mil- We should remember the lessons of needed programs. lions of dollars’ worth of contracts. the 1970’s and early 1980’s. During those The IEEE–USA supports your amendment I know what my friends across the years, America led in science and new and commends you for your leadership on aisle are saying about their so-called ideas, only to see American inventions this issue and stands ready to assist you and mandate, but I challenge any one of such as the VCR commercialized first your staff in this effort. Please contact Jim them to tell me that they have one by other countries. Other governments

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00050 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7331 have long used research consortia and lead. But we now combine government The Senator from New Mexico [Mr. DOMEN- other aid to help their firms overcome cutbacks with ever increasing Wall ICI] proposes an amendment numbered 1145. the technical hurdles associated with Street pressures for companies to focus Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I ask critical but risky new ideas. And time their own funds only on the short term, unanimous consent that the reading of after time, we found our competitors then we will most certainly fall behind the amendment be dispensed with. taking our ideas and sending them again. And the American worker and The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without back to us in the form of VCRs and the American dream will be the losers. objection, it is so ordered. other new products. Killing Federal technology programs, The amendment is as follows: Over the past 10 years, both Amer- including those of the Commerce De- On page 4, line 19, strike ‘‘$937,800,000,000’’ ican industry and the U.S. Government partment, will send our companies into and insert ‘‘$973,800,000,000’’. have taken steps to make sure Ameri- economic battle with second-rate sup- On page 5, line 12 strike ‘‘comparison with cans profit more from our new inven- port and one arm tied behind their the maximum deficit amount under section tions and discoveries. Industry and the backs. It is a prescription for economic 601(a)(1) and 606 of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974 and for purposes of’’. venture capital industry have focused retreat and economic stagnation. In On page 6, line 8, strike ‘‘$1,324,400,000,000’’ their attention sharply on getting the the name of some ideology, we risk de- and insert ‘‘$1,342,400,000,000’’. next generation of products out the stroying key foundations of future On page 6, line 10 strike ‘‘comparison with door. Both competitive pressures and prosperity. And future generations will the maximum deficit amount under section Wall Street’s push for short-term re- wonder why the Nation that used in- 601(a)(1) and 606 of the Congressional Budget sults have led our firms to focus their dustry-government R&D cooperation Act of 1974 and for purposes of’’. limited R&D dollars on developing new to create the modern agriculture, air- On page 7, line 10 strike ‘‘comparison with the maximum deficit amount under section products. That is good in the short craft, and biotechnology sectors aban- 601(a)(1) and 606 of the Congressional Budget term, but it also means that even our doned a proven formula and let other Act of 1974 and for purposes of’’. largest firms have been forced to cut nations walk all over us. On page 10, line 3, strike ‘‘$347,700,000,000’’ longer-term research that is essential Which brings me back to the amend- and insert ‘‘$374,700,000,000’’. for the future but which will not pay ment and the Department of Com- On page 11, line 2, strike ‘‘2000’’ and insert off for 10 years. merce. This amendment is quite sim- ‘‘2002’’. In the real world, as opposed to some ple, it states that ‘‘the public welfare, On page 40, line 3, strike ‘‘$1,000,000,000’’ theoretical world, American compa- and insert ‘‘$100,000,000’’. economy, and national security of the On page 40, line 10, strike ‘‘$1,000,000,000’’ nies—both large and small—increas- United States have benefitted enor- and insert ‘‘$100,000,000’’. ingly have turned to cost-shared mously from the investment the Fed- On page 40, line 17, strike $1,000,000,000’’ projects with the Government and each eral Government has made over the and insert ‘‘$100,000,000’’. other to develop these risky but vital past fifty years in research, tech- On page 40, line 24, strike $1,000,000,000’’ longer-term technologies. These are nology, and trade promotion and trade and insert ‘‘$100,000,000’’. the breakthrough technologies that law enforcement,’’ and that these On page 41, line 6, strike $1,000,000,000’’ and will create new industries and jobs in insert ‘‘$100,000,000’’. should remain a national priority for On page 41, line 13, strike $1,000,000,000’’ the future—technologies such as next- the 21st century. and insert ‘‘$100,000,000’’. generation electronics, low-cost com- Again, Mr. President, the elimination On page 41, line 20, strike $1,000,000,000’’ posite materials for bridges and other of an agency of Government so vital to and insert ‘‘$100,000,000’’. structures, low-cost but highly reliable our Nation’s interests is tantamount to On page 64, line 14, strike ‘‘Foreign Rela- processes for making biotechnology economic surrender. I think our inter- tions’’ and insert ‘‘Rules and Administra- products, and advanced techniques for national competitors will see it as just tion’’. computer-aided manufacturing. Cost- that. In my view, proposals to elimi- Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I have shared projects in such areas create the nate the Department of Commerce nothing further to say. new seed corn for a new generation of amount to unilateral disarmament, Mr. EXON. It has been agreed to on American industry. and I will fight against those who are both sides. At the Federal level, these cost- determined to raise this white flag. The PRESIDING OFFICER. If there shared technology partnerships with The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who is no further debate, the question is on industry now constitute less than 3 yields time? agreeing to the amendment. percent of the Government’s $72 billion Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I have The amendment (No. 1145) was agreed annual R&D budget. The entire budget no one seeking time on my side. I need to. of the Government’s civilian tech- some time, but does the Senator from Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I nology agency—the Commerce Depart- Nebraska want another 2 or 3 minutes move to reconsider the vote by which ment’s National Institute of Standards of my time, if he needs it? the amendment was agreed to. and Technology, NIST—constitutes lit- Mr. EXON. I will simply advise the Mr. EXON. I move to lay that motion tle more than 1 percent of Federal Senator, possibly could we take care of on the table. R&D. With the cold war over and the the matters that have been agreed to The motion to lay on the table was world economic race in full swing, this now? I have one Senator who asked to agreed to. is hardly overspending. have 31⁄2 minutes. I have the 31⁄2 min- AMENDMENT NO. 1146 And mark my words, other nations utes remaining, but now I do not have (Purpose: To express the sense of the Senate will not drop out of the world economic the Senator. I would like to give the regarding the establishment of a non- race just because Congress has thrown remainder to him. partisan advisory commission on budg- in the towel in the fight to help de- Maybe the Senator from New Mexico eting and accounting) velop and market leading edge tech- has some time to give me for closing Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I ask nologies. Along with Japan and Eu- matters. If not, may we take care of unanimous consent that it be in order rope, we now see major new industry- those matters agreed to? to offer a Bingaman amendment on ac- government technology investments in AMENDMENT NO. 1145 counting. It has been agreed to on both South Korea, Taiwan, and even smaller Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I ask sides. I send it to the desk. states such as Singapore. In the real unanimous consent that it be in order The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without world, these countries are out to clean to send to the desk and the Senate objection, it is so ordered. The clerk our clocks—and they want to use adopt, if they see fit, a technical will report the amendment. America’s own university discoveries amendment which has been agreed to The assistant legislative clerk read and entrepreneurial ideas to do it. on the other side. I send that to the as follows: The United States has just now desk. The Senator from New Mexico [Mr. DOMEN- climbed back to a solid, but fragile, The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without ICI], for Mr. BINGAMAN, proposes an amend- lead in most key technologies. Well- objection, it is so ordered. The clerk ment numbered 1146. run, cost-shared Government programs will report the amendment. Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I ask have played an important role in help- The assistant legislative clerk read unanimous consent that reading of the ing American industry regain that as follows: amendment be dispensed with.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00051 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7332 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 24, 1995 The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without ment of capital expenditures under a uni- Commission members, to be ap- objection, it is so ordered. form Federal accounting system that is con- pointed on a nonpartisan basis, would The amendment is as follows: sistent with generally accepted accounting include public and private experts in principles. On page 86, strike line 11 through line 25 on (B) The Commission should be appointed the fields of finance, economics, ac- page 87 and insert the following: on a nonpartisan basis, and should be com- counting, and related professions. SEC. 305. SENSE OF THE CONGRESS ON A UNI- posed of public and private experts in the By August 1, 1995, the Commission FORM ACCOUNTING SYSTEM IN THE fields of finance, economics, accounting, and would report its recommendations to FEDERAL GOVERNMENT AND NON- other related professions. the President and the Congress. In the PARTISAN COMMISSION ON AC- (C) The Commission should report to the COUNTING AND BUDGETING. report, Commission members would set President and the Congress by August 1, 1995, forth a detailed plan for implementa- (a) FINDING.—The Congress finds the fol- on its recommendations, and should include lowing: in its report a detailed plan for imple- tion of their recommendations. It is (1) Much effort has been devoted to menting such recommendations. my hope that if the Commission in- strengthening Federal internal accounting cludes a recommendation on the use of controls in the past. Although progress has Mr. BINGAMAN. Mr. President, I would like to thank the very distin- a capital budget, its report will specify been made in recent years, there still exists the components of such a budget in the no uniform Federal accounting system for guished floor managers of the budget Federal Government entities and institu- resolution, Senator DOMENICI and Sen- context of a unified, balanced Federal tions. ator EXON, for their willingness to budget. I understand many of my col- (2) As a result, Federal financial manage- work with me on this amendment, leagues currently oppose the use of a ment continues to be seriously deficient, and which would establish a temporary, Federal capital budget. I believe that Federal financial management and fiscal nonpartisan advisory commission on as we take steps to streamline the Fed- practices have failed to identify costs, failed accounting and budgeting. I appreciate eral Government, improve efficiency, to reflect the total liabilities of congres- their support for the amendment, and I and operate Federal systems in a man- sional actions, and failed to accurately re- ner more consistent with the private port the financial condition of the Federal am grateful to their staff, Austin Government. Smythe and Jodi Grant, who have been sector, all options should be reexam- (3) Current Federal accounting practices do extremely helpful and pleasant to work ined and given a fresh analysis. In my not adequately report financial problems of with. view, this is particularly relevant in the Federal Government or the full cost of The amendment I am proposing the context of section 305 of the budget programs and activities. The continued use modifies section 305 of the resolution resolution, which as I stated earlier, of these practices undermines the Govern- currently before the Senate. Section calls for a uniform Federal accounting ment’s ability to provide credible and reli- 305 recognizes that unlike most private system consistent with generally ac- able financial data, contributes to waste and cepted accounting principles. inefficiency, and will not assist in achieving business and state governments, no a balanced budget. uniform Federal accounting system ex- Mr. President, the commission I am (4) Waste and inefficiency in Federal Gov- ists for Federal entities and institu- advocating can serve a very important ernment undermine the confidence of the tions. This lack of uniformity contrib- service to the Nation. The Commission American people in the Government and re- utes to the difficulty of accurately re- will examine, in an objective, non- duces the Federal Government’s ability to porting the financial condition of the partisan forum, the treatment of cap- address adequately vital public needs. Federal Government and achieving a ital expenditures and long-term invest- (5) To rebuild the accountability and credi- balanced Federal budget. ments in the context of a uniform Fed- bility of the Federal Government and restore To help rebuild accountability and eral accounting system. By reporting public confidence in the Federal Govern- credibility in the Federal Government ment, a uniform Federal accounting system, on this work to the President and the that fully meets the accounting standards and advance the trend toward a ‘‘pri- Congress within the time frame speci- and reporting objectives for the Federal Gov- vate sector’’ type financial manage- fied in the amendment, which I cal- ernment, must be immediately established ment policy, section 305 calls for a uni- culate to be before final reconciliation so that all assets and liabilities, revenues form Federal accounting system that is of the fiscal year 1996 Federal budget, and expenditures or expenses, and the full consistent with generally accepted ac- the Commission’s recommendations cost of programs and activities of the Fed- counting principles and proposed Fed- could serve as the basis for resolution eral Government can be consistently and ac- eral accounting standards rec- of some the serious and divisive prob- curately recorded, monitored, and uniformly ommended by the Federal Accounting reported throughout all government entities lems we in the Congress have encoun- for budgeting and control and management Standards Advisory Board. Once in tered, and will continue to encounter, evaluation purposes. place, a uniform accounting system as we work through the budget process. (b) SENSE OF THE SENATE.—It is the sense should enable us to better assess the I look forward to the results of the of the Congress that the assumptions under- full cost of Federal programs and ac- Commission’s work, and again, I thank lying the functional totals in this resolution tivities. Actual costs will be consist- the distinguished floor managers of the include the following assumptions: ently and accurately recorded, mon- resolution for their assistance with (1) UNIFORM FEDERAL ACCOUNTING SYS- itored, and uniformly reported by all this amendment. TEM.—(A) A uniform Federal accounting sys- government entities for budgeting and tem should be established to consistently The PRESIDING OFFICER. The compile financial data across the Federal control and management evaluation. question is on agreeing to the amend- Government, and to make full disclosure of Mr. President, I believe to achieve ment. Federal financial data, including the full the commendable goals set forth in The amendment (No. 1146) was agreed cost of Federal programs and activities, to section 305, we first must address the to. the citizens, the Congress, the President, and issue of the treatment of capital ex- Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I agency management. penditures for Federal accounting and move to reconsider the vote by which (B) Beginning with fiscal year 1997, the budgeting purposes. Private businesses the amendment was agreed to. President should require the heads of agen- throughout the country and many Mr. EXON. I move to lay that motion cies to— States already have in place account- (i) implement and maintain a uniform Fed- on the table. eral accounting system; and ing systems and budgets that deal with The motion to lay on the table was (ii) provide financial statements; in ac- capital expenditures in realistic terms. agreed to. cordance with generally accepted accounting I believe we in the Federal Government Mr. EXON. Mr. President, I yield the principles applied on a consistent basis and can learn from their experiences. remaining 31⁄2 minutes of the time to established in accordance with proposed Fed- I am proposing the establishment of the final Senator to debate the issue, eral accounting standards and interpreta- a temporary advisory commission on as of now at least, my colleague from tions recommended by the Federal Account- accounting and budgeting that would New Jersey. ing Standards Advisory Board and other ap- study and make recommendations on The PRESIDING OFFICER. The plicable law. the appropriate treatment of capital Chair recognizes the distinguished Sen- (2) NONPARTISAN ADVISORY COMMISSION ON ACCOUNTING AND BUDGETING.—(A) A tem- expenditures under a uniform Federal ator from New Jersey. porary advisory commission should be estab- accounting system that is consistent Mr. LAUTENBERG. I thank the lished to make objective and nonpartisan with generally accepted accounting Chair, and I thank my colleague from recommendations for the appropriate treat- principles. Nebraska.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00052 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7333 Mr. President, in the fairly short AMENDMENT NO. 1147 own budget gives the Department of time that I have available—and I am (Purpose: To express the sense of the Senate Veterans Affairs $339 million less for pleased to have the precious time of the United States that the reforms and discretionary medical spending than it taken for these couple of moments—I proposals contained within the Inde- would receive under a hard freeze. would like to describe several amend- pendent Budget for Veterans Affairs, Fis- However, a coalition of veterans’ ments that I have prepared which will cal Year 1996, should be given careful con- groups has put together a plan called sideration in an effort to ensure the Na- be voted on this afternoon. tion’s commitment to its veterans) the Independent Budget for Veterans First, Senator ROCKEFELLER and I Affairs: Fiscal Year 1996. The coalition Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I send will offer an amendment to close the claims that the recommendations set an amendment to the desk and ask for so-called Benedict Arnold billionaires’ forth in the this document will help to its immediate consideration. tax loophole. We would transfer the improve the Department of Veterans The PRESIDING OFFICER. The savings to veterans programs. I call Affairs’ health care system while sav- clerk will report. this the ‘‘from expatriates to patriots’’ The assistant legislative clerk read ing taxpayer dollars. The coalition— amendment. Then I will be offering as follows: Which includes AMVETS, Disabled four amendments that would create ex- American Veterans, Paralyzed Vet- ceptions to the so-called firewall that The Senator from New Mexico [Mr. DOMEN- erans of America, and Veterans of For- ICI], for Mr. DOLE and Mr. SIMPSON, proposes prohibits transfers between the mili- an amendment numbered 1147. eign Wars—submitted its plan to Con- tary and domestic programs. gress and to the Clinton administra- Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I ask The amendment would allow the Sen- tion earlier this year. ate, by a majority vote, as opposed to unanimous consent that reading of the The amendment I offer today simply 60 votes, to transfer funds from the amendment be dispensed with. states that Congress should give this The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without wasteful bureaucratic overhead and proposal careful consideration. It is a objection, it is so ordered. procurement in the military budget for nonpartisan document, crafted by the The amendment is as follows: specific and compelling reasons. The people who know the system best—the purposes would be up to $2 billion to At the appropriate place insert the fol- veterans themselves. Let us consider address the problem of domestic vio- lowing new section: their expertise and rise above partisan SEC. . CONSIDERATION OF THE INDEPENDENT lence; up to $1 billion to strengthen re- BUDGET FOR VETERANS AFFAIRS, accusations as we work to improve the inforcement of immigration laws; up to FISCAL YEAR 1996. efficiency and quality of service to vet- $5 billion to hire police officers for (a) FINDINGS.—Congress finds as follows: erans. community policing and to do prison (1) Whereas over 26,000,000 veterans are eli- Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, this building; and up to $100 million for re- gible for veterans health care; amendment has been cleared on both search on breast cancer. (2) Whereas the Veterans Health Adminis- sides. My final amendment would create a tration of the Department of Veterans Af- I yield back any time I may have on 60-vote point of order against cutting fairs operates the largest Federal medical the amendment. care delivery system in the United States, Medicare or Medicaid to pay for any providing for the medical care needs of our The PRESIDING OFFICER. The tax cuts for the rich. Nation’s veterans; question is on agreeing to the amend- Some of my Republican friends have (3) Whereas the veterans’ service organiza- ment. claimed that that is not their intent, tions have provided a plan, known as the The amendment (No. 1147) was agreed and I say, well, then let us put it in Independent Budget for Veterans Affairs, to to. writing and make it enforceable. Cer- reform the Veterans’ health care delivery Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I tainly, the intent was challenged when system to adapt it to the modern health care move to reconsider the vote. we saw the chart go up at an earlier environment and improve its ability to meet Mr. EXON. I move to lay that motion the health care needs of veterans in a cost- time in this debate when the Senator on the table. effective manner; The motion to lay on the table was from Texas proposed tax cuts amount- (4) Whereas current budget proposals as- ing to over $300 billion. sume a change in the definition of service- agreed to. So, Mr. President, when I look and connected veterans; Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, let me see those who have made their fortunes (5) Whereas proposals contained within the state the way I understand things. in this country and decide to renounce Independent Budget may provide improved When the 31⁄2 minutes that I have are their citizenship so they do not have to service to veterans; used up, all time will have expired on pay a State tax, they do not have to (6) Whereas current budget proposals may the bill. pay capital gains taxes; they move out not have fully considered the measures pro- I will pose a parliamentary inquiry. posed by the veterans’ service organizations When that event occurs and there is no of here, give up their American citizen- in the Independent Budget more time, what would the pending ship, leave this place where their for- (b) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the Sense of tunes were made, where their families Congress: the reforms and proposals con- business be? were raised just to avoid some taxes, to tained within the Independent Budget for The PRESIDING OFFICER. The take something out of these huge for- Veterans Affairs, Fiscal Year 1996 should be pending business is the Boxer amend- tunes that went abroad, I want to give given careful consideration in an effort to ment No. 1134. it to the patriots, those who served ensure the nation’s commitment to its vet- Mr. DOMENICI. I say to the distin- their country, those who need help, erans. guished majority leader, the Boxer those who are turning to the VA for Mr. DOLE. Mr. President, I rise this amendment has been debated. Many hospital care, those who are turning to afternoon to offer a Sense-of-the-Sen- other amendments will be offered that the VA for prostheses, those who are ate amendment regarding the Nations have not been debated. I think I am turning to the VA for counseling. I 26 million veterans. going to yield back my 21⁄2 minutes. I want to take it from the Benedict Over the past few days, some have ar- do not know that anybody wishes to Arnolds and give it to those who served gued that the budget resolution before speak, unless the majority leader does. their country. us is mean-spirited in its treatment of Mr. EXON. May I inquire at this par- With that—I do not see the ranking veterans—that it does not take into ticular time, if we have a little time Member—is there any time left on our consideration the real needs of those left. We have been having various dis- side? who served and sacrificed on behalf of cussions. Has there been an agreement The PRESIDING OFFICER. The time our country. Well, I would like to set reached on how we are likely to handle of the Senator from New Jersey has ex- the record straight on this matter. a whole series of amendments, espe- pired. Before the White House or those on cially those not debated, with regard to The Senator from New Mexico has 7 the other side of the aisle start attack- brief statements from the Senators—30 minutes 52 seconds. ing Republicans on this issue, they had seconds or a minute? Has there been a Mr. DOMENICI. The Democrats have better take a hard look at the Congres- determination on that, I ask my col- how much? sional Budget Office’s reestimate of the league? The PRESIDING OFFICER. The time President’s fiscal year 1996 budget re- Mr. DOLE. Mr. President, we have has expired on the Democratic side. quest. Over 5 years, the President’s discussed it briefly with the Senator

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00053 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7334 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 24, 1995 from New Mexico. I hope there will not would enter into a unanimous-consent on each vote, unless the Senate agrees be many amendments. We have had 50 agreement on this side that the reading later on, which I am sure when we get hours of debate and a lot of votes. of the amendments would not be in 15 or 20 of these votes in, we will agree. There may be one or two on this side. order. We are not going to be dilatory There will be no reading of the Is there a specific number on that side? about this. We think that for every- amendment. We have no agreement on Mr. EXON. Yes. I will tell you now body that wants a vote on their amend- any comments on the amendment. So that we have 31 sure amendments. And, ment—and it has been customary to there will be no comments on the as the Senator knows, other Senators have that in this body—there would be amendment. That is the way it is now. may reserve their rights by appearing no reason to do that. Mr. DOLE. Mr. President, let me say and offering their amendments. But Mr. DOLE. I ask unanimous consent that for the first vote we will add the there will be 31 amendments filed to be that there not be a requirement that customary 5 minutes, so there will be voted on from this side of the aisle. amendments be read. 15 plus 5; after that it will be 15 min- Mr. DOLE. So we are talking about 5, The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there utes, period. No additional 5 minutes. I 6, 7 hours of votes, right, which we will objection? do not need consent for that. do today. We will save final passage Without objection, it is so ordered. AMENDMENT NO. 1134 until tomorrow sometime. Mr. DOLE. So the clerk can state the The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Mr. EXON. Of course, that is up to purpose if we have the purpose. question occurs on agreeing to the the leader. I certainly say that I have Mr. BYRD. If the leader will yield, I amendment No. 1134, offered by the suggested to Senator DASCHLE and to am not sure the clerk can state the Senator from California. the chairman of the Budget Com- purpose in a way that we can under- Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, the mittee—and maybe it has not reached stand what we are voting on. pending amendment is not germane to you—that possibly we can cut down Mr. DOLE. The last time we did this, the provisions of the budget resolution some of those at some time. I hope we I think we had an agreement that the pursuant to section 305(b)(2) of the can work out something to cut down staff would put ‘‘purpose’’ and they Budget Act. I raise a point of order the time that has to be taken for all would read the purpose, such as tax re- against the pending amendment. those votes. lief, economic growth, or whatever. At Mr. EXON. Mr. President, pursuant Mr. DOLE. I am going to ask unani- least you had some idea what you were to section 904 of the Congressional mous consent that after the first vote, voting on. And it would be agreed upon Budget Act of 1974, I move to waive the all votes be 10 minutes in length. by the two managers. act for the consideration of the pending Mr. BYRD. Will the majority leader Mr. DOMENICI. With your permis- amendment. yield? sion, I will talk to the senior Senator Mr. President, I ask for the yeas and Mr. DOLE. Yes. from West Virginia. I was accommo- nays. Mr. BYRD. Would it be possible to dating today in what we did for your The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there a side, I think 10, 12, maybe even 14 of get consent that each vote go for 71⁄2 sufficient second? minutes? I believe that can be done. I your amendments. Does anybody have There is a sufficient second. have seen it done in here. And possibly a number of how many were already The yeas and nays were ordered. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The we can have a minute or half a minute discussed? Senators took the floor and question is on agreeing to the motion. on a side, so as to have some expla- somewhere between 10 and 12 of those have had anywhere from 2 minutes to 6 The yeas and nays have been ordered. nation. By cutting it back to 71⁄2 min- minutes which might not have oc- The clerk will call the roll. utes for the vote, perhaps that will ac- The bill clerk called the roll. commodate both sides’ concerns. curred otherwise. So I think we have given a pretty good opportunity—— The PRESIDING OFFICER. Are there Mr. EXON. I had made a suggestion any other Senators in the Chamber de- along those lines that I think Senator Mr. EXON. I appreciate the accom- modation, and I think there has been siring to vote? BYRD outlined, and maybe even to The yeas and nays resulted—yeas 46, speed things up, we can cut the votes accommodation on both sides. Mr. DOLE. I ask unanimous consent nays 54, as follows: to 5 minutes. [Rollcall Vote No. 187 Leg.] Mr. DOLE. They are concerned about that after the first vote, all other votes be limited to 8 minutes in length. YEAS—46 doing it in 71⁄2 minutes, unless we re- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there Akaka Feinstein Mikulski main in our seats. But I think the bot- objection? Baucus Ford Moseley-Braun tom line is that we are actually going Biden Glenn Moynihan Mr. EXON. Reserving the right to ob- Bingaman Graham to have to vote on 31 amendments on ject. The minority leader is here. Are Murray the other side. If that is the bottom Boxer Harkin Nunn you also going to agree that with an 8- Bradley Heflin line, and people—ordinarily, you would Pell minute vote, there will be an expla- Breaux Hollings Pryor have a right to have your amendment Bryan Inouye Reid nation of some type before each vote, Bumpers Johnston read. If it is a delaying tactic, we can Robb or not? Byrd Kennedy Rockefeller be here a couple more days. The last Conrad Kerrey Mr. DOLE. The clerk can state the Sarbanes time around, I recall that Senator Daschle Kerry purpose, to be agreed upon by the two Simon Mitchell advised the Chair that if we Dodd Kohl managers. Dorgan Lautenberg Snowe insisted on having the amendment Mr. EXON. I would like our leader to Exon Leahy Wellstone read, the ruling of the Chair would be give you his feelings. Feingold Levin appealed. Mr. DOLE. We have had 50 hours. I do NAYS—54 So we then decided that when the not think we need another 50. Abraham Frist Mack clerk called up the amendment, they Mr. DASCHLE. Mr. President, I hope Ashcroft Gorton McCain would state the purpose, period, and that we could have just a short descrip- Bennett Gramm McConnell that is it—you know, economic growth, tion of what the amendment is prior to Bond Grams Murkowski tax relief, or whatever. That was all Brown Grassley Nickles the time we are called upon to vote. In Burns Gregg Packwood the explanation there was. If we start some cases, Senators in good faith have Campbell Hatch Pressler giving everybody 30 seconds, or 1, 2, 3 been waiting for an opportunity to Chafee Hatfield Roth minutes, we are looking at another 2 or offer their amendments and have been Coats Helms Santorum Cochran Hutchison Shelby 3 hours, and we will never finish action precluded from doing so. Cohen Inhofe Simpson on this budget resolution. We will be in If we can accommodate each author Coverdell Jeffords Smith recess this afternoon for at least 40 of an amendment with a very short Craig Kassebaum Specter minutes, from 4:20 until 5 p.m. I will D’Amato Kempthorne Stevens two-sentence explanation, I think it DeWine Kyl Thomas suggest the absence of a quorum brief- would be in the interest of everybody Dole Lieberman Thompson ly—— so that we do not make mistakes on Domenici Lott Thurmond Mr. EXON. Mr. President, before what these votes may be. Faircloth Lugar Warner that, I will make one statement that I Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, where The PRESIDING OFFICER. On this think may be helpful. Certainly, we we are now is there will be 15 minutes vote, the yeas are 46, and the nays are

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00054 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7335 54. Three-fifths of the Senators duly yield; that is, that assumes that the he lose the opportunity to call up the chosen and sworn not having voted in sponsor of the amendment is going to amendment. the affirmative, the motion is rejected. be on the floor right at the time the Mr. DOLE addressed the Chair. The point of order is sustained, and amendment is to be called up. In many The PRESIDING OFFICER. The ma- the motion falls. cases, we will not be able to guarantee jority leader. Mr. DOLE addressed the Chair. that. So if we are assured that the Mr. DOLE. I think it is fair to say we The PRESIDING OFFICER. The ma- manager has the description, we will are trying to find some middle ground. jority leader. know there will be an explanation. We do not have to do anything. We do ORDER OF PROCEDURE I hope we can accommodate this not have to let anybody explain them; Mr. DOLE. Mr. President, I have had process. I think all Senators will have just say nothing. We already have con- a discussion with the distinguished the opportunity to have this amend- sent that the amendment cannot be Democratic leader and the managers of ment at least explained prior to the read. So you will not have any debate. the bill. I now ask unanimous consent time we have our vote. We are trying to accommodate every- that votes be limited from here on to 9 Mr. SARBANES. Reserving the right body by going to the managers. If you minutes, and that the manager have 1 to object, Mr. President. have a 1-minute statement, let the minute to explain the purpose of any The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- manager read it. We are just trying to amendment that has not been debated. ator from Maryland. accommodate everybody at the same Mr. DASCHLE addressed the Chair. Mr. SARBANES. Mr. President, I time to hopefully save some time. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The mi- would like to put a question to the two If Senator EXON, for example, had a nority leader. leaders. Some of the amendments have statement that Senator DOMENICI dis- Mr. DASCHLE. This is a very work- been debated. Will they be called up agreed with, then we have to under- able agreement, Mr. President. The first, the ones on which there has been stand the other manager, or whoever, only way it can work, however, is that debate? would have the same rights. we anticipate the order in which these Mr. DOMENICI. The order is going to Mr. EXON. Mr. President, reserving amendments can be brought for a vote. be worked out between Senators who the right to object. We have that order. have amendments and staff, Senator The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- So I encourage all the sponsors of EXON’s staff and Senator DOMENICI’s. ator from Nebraska. these amendments to give the man- We are starting to put that in some Mr. EXON. I shall not object. It agers their descriptions so that these kind of sequence right now. seems that we cannot agree on any- descriptions can be read and put in the Was that the question? thing around here. Let me set the order in which the amendments will be Mr. SARBANES. The question was stage. We are making a change here brought up. there are some amendments that have under unanimous consent, or attempt- But the managers will have 1 minute been debated, and some amendments ing to, to change the rules. Now, for to describe the amendment, and that that have not been debated. The ones good reason, we set a 50-hour limit for description can be anything the spon- that have not been debated, I take it debate on the budget resolution and sors may suggest they want it to be. the managers will make a statement you cannot filibuster. But I think it will work out well. And about them. I was wondering whether it will allow us to cut back substan- the ones that have been debated by the Now, we have been here through a tially the degree of time. sponsors of them could be called up. very difficult process, as we always do I urge everyone’s cooperation. Mr. DOLE. No; we have already had go through. I would simply say that I Mr. DOLE. Mr. President, I want to debate. happen to feel in this particular case make it clear we are talking only Mr. SARBANES. Not for debate. We the majority has come a long way to about those amendments that will not have had debate on some amendments. make some changes which benefit us. be debated. Those already debated we I have an amendment that we had a de- The fact is we have far more amend- will not take another minute on. They bate on. I was here to sort of send it to ments that can be offered under the have had plenty of time. This will the desk and get a vote on it. We have rules and it turns out there is not time apply to amendments that have not had debate on that amendment which to have debate. been debated because of the time con- just recently occurred. Now, certainly I feel we should recog- straints, and they will be explained Mr. DOLE. What would be your re- nize that we have gone through a lot of briefly by the manager on either side. quest? effort, give and take, trying to work Mr. DASCHLE. That is our under- Mr. SARBANES. That that amend- out something that is reasonable. It standing. ment be up near the top, the front of has been agreed to by the minority The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there the list, since we have had the debate leader. It has been agreed to by the ma- objection? recently. jority leader. Mr. HARKIN. Reserving the right to Mr. DOLE. I agree with that. I would simply say that any Demo- object, I understand that what is being Mr. BAUCUS addressed the Chair. cratic Senator who has an amendment, propounded is that we have 9 minutes The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there if he wants to write out what he wants to vote, and we have 1 minute to ex- objection? The Senator from Montana. to say on his amendment, he can give plain it by the manager. If you are Mr. BAUCUS. Mr. President, reserv- it to me, and I can read it just as well going to take 1 minute, why not let the ing the right to object, might I renew as he or she can without going through proponent of the amendment take 1 the request of Senator HARKIN from the folderol that we are going to find minute? You are going to take a Iowa? It seems to me that the man- ourselves in, as we always do, to start minute anyway. agers know the amendments best. They recognizing people back and forth— Mr. DOLE. We are just trying to cut can still be confined to the same length where are they? Are they not here? down the time. If we have to stop and of time, the proponents of the amend- It would seem to me that we have a recognize everybody up and down—it ment, the same time as the managers. reasonable process which people can seems to me you can tell the manager It would be my suggestion that the pick to pieces but can we agree after a what it says, and they can read it. We amendment is called up, and if the au- lot of effort to come to an under- will have the vote. We are trying to ac- thor of the amendment is not here, he standing that I think should be accept- commodate Senators, particularly on loses the right to offer the amendment. able to our side? that side, because you have all the I just think a better explanation The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without amendments, I understand. If you will would be given of what the amend- objection, the unanimous-consent re- just give the manager a one-sentence ments are if the proponents of the quest is agreed to. Who seeks recogni- or two-sentence statement, we are just amendment describe them during the 1 tion? trying to save time. We thought it minute, then the other side offers their Mr. MCCONNELL addressed the might save time. description during that same period. Chair. Mr. DASCHLE. There is another And if the author of the amendment is The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- practical concern, if the Senator will not here when it is called up, I suggest ator from Kentucky.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00055 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7336 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 24, 1995 AMENDMENT NO. 1148 passion and concern for those who will fluctuations but are the result of years (Purpose: Continue funding for economic necessarily be impacted by this resolu- of unremitting underdevelopment, iso- development in Appalachian region) tion. lation, and out-migration. Mr. MCCONNELL. I send an amend- But of course, on an issue as complex That is the bad news. The good news ment to the desk and ask for its imme- and multifaceted as the Federal budg- is that ARC has worked hand in hand diate consideration. et, there are bound to be honest dif- with each of the 13 States in its juris- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The ferences of opinion. And it is in that diction to develop flexible and effective clerk will report the amendment by spirit that I am offering my amend- programs, tailored to the specific needs number. ment to save the Appalachian Regional of each community or region. The assistant legislative clerk read Commission from the budget ax. And there is more good news. ARC is as follows: Let me also point out, however, that unusually lean, as Federal agencies go, The Senator from Kentucky [Mr. MCCON- this amendment hardly preserves the with respect to administrative and per- NELL], for himself, Mr. WARNER, Mr. ROCKE- status quo. I do not think anyone from sonnel expenses. Total overhead ac- FELLER, Mr. HEFLIN, and Mr. COCHRAN, pro- this side of the aisle would contend counts for less than 4 percent of all ex- poses an amendment numbered 1148: that business as usual is going to penditures. That is largely achieved On page 29, line 10, increase the amount by achieve a balanced budget by the year through cooperation with the States. $100,000,000. 2002. State Governors contribute 50 per- On page 29, line 18, increase the amount by $200,000,000. Every Federal program and agency is cent of the administrative costs as well On page 30, line 2, increase the amount by going to have to adapt, and cut costs, as the full cost of their own regional $200,000,000. and become more efficient in response ARC offices. On page 30, line 3, increase the amount by to the country’s fiscal pressures. Every In fact, Mr. President, I would urge $100,000,000. program and agency will need to do my colleagues to look to the ARC as a On page 30, line 10, increase the amount by more with less, or face total extinc- model of efficiency, cost sharing, and $200,000,000. tion. State cooperation for other Federal On page 30, line 11, increase the amount by $100,000,000. That is what my amendment envi- programs. On page 30, line 18, increase the amount by sions: An Appalachian Regional Com- Some people have said that ARC rep- $100,000,000. mission of the future that continues to resents a special windfall for a single On page 30, line 19, increase the amount by provide excellent services and pro- area of the country. That is simply not $100,000,000. grams in distressed areas, but with a true. The stark reality is that Appa- On page 31, line 2, increase the amount by more targeted approach and, frankly, lachia receives 14 percent less per cap- $100,000,000. ital spending from the Federal Govern- On page 31, line 3, increase the amount by with less funding. $100,000,000. I should add that the people in my ment than the rest of the country, and On page 20, line 7, decrease the amount by State, and many who work for ARC, that includes the amount it receives $100,000,000. are more than willing to make the through ARC. If anything, Appalachia On page 20, line 15, decrease the amount by changes necessary to preserve the is an underserved area. $200,000,000. agency as a vital and active force in The ARC’s mission has been to pro- On page 20, line 23, decrease the amount by the region. But all of them also believe, vide the assistance needed to make Ap- $200,000,000. palachian areas economically self-sus- On page 20, line 24, decrease the amount by as I do, that the mission of the ARC $100,000,000. has not yet been completed; and we taining, rather than to simply hand out On page 21, line 7, decrease the amount by need to continue to support its positive government largess. $200,000,000. efforts. This is an important distinction. On page 21, line 8, decrease the amount by Although ARC has made a dramatic The ARC is not a traditional poverty $100,000,000. impact in improving the economic op- program but an economic development On page 21, line 15, decrease the amount by portunities and quality of life for peo- program, with a lot of work still ahead $100,000,000. ple living in Appalachia, there con- of it. If we were to ax the ARC out- On page 21, line 16, decrease the amount by $100,000,000. tinues to be a real need for assistance right, the fact is that much of the in- On page 21, line 23, decrease the amount by in this region. Poverty, out-migration, vestment we have made up to now $100,000,000. and high levels of unemployment are would have been for naught. On page 21, line 24, decrease the amount by especially prevalent in central Appa- It would be like laying the founda- $100,000,000. lachia, which includes some of the tion of a building, putting in the beams Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I poorest counties in the Nation. and supports, and then deciding to stop rise today to offer an amendment that In all, the ARC serves parts of 13 before putting on the roof and the will continue a program that is very States, totaling 399 counties from New walls. Unless the work is seen to com- important, not only to Kentucky, but York to Mississippi. This is a region pletion, much of what has been done to also to a great number of other States. that lags behind the Nation in most, if this point will have been in vain. Unlike a lot of other Government not all, major economic measures. It At the same time, because of the tre- programs, this one is targeted to assist experiences chronically higher unem- mendous fiscal pressures we are facing, those who are in greatest need; and it ployment levels, substantially lower my amendment would not restore fund- has had a tremendous, positive impact income levels, and perniciously high ing for ARC to its current level. In- over the years. poverty rates. In eastern Kentucky, for stead, it puts the ARC on a glidepath of Unlike a lot of other Government example, the poverty rate stood at 29 reduced spending through the year programs, this one spends most of its percent in 1990—16 percent higher than 2002. The partially restored funding is funds making a difference in people’s the national average. entirely offset and will fully comply lives—rather than wasting taxpayer Of the 399 counties served by ARC, with guidelines established by the dollars on administrative expenses. 115 of these counties are considered se- Budget Committee to reach a balanced The program I am speaking of is the verely distressed. budget by the year 2002. Appalachian Regional Commission, This means that these counties suffer The way we achieve these goals is commonly known as ARC. from unemployment levels and poverty quite simple. First, we start with a 35- Before I discuss the substance of my rates that are 150 percent of the na- percent reduction from the current amendment, I would like to commend tional average and receive per capita funding level for ARC. There is no the authors of this budget resolution, incomes that are only two-thirds of the question that this is a considerable especially the chairman of the Budget national average. cut, and it will have an impact on the Committee, Senator DOMENICI, for The ARC was designed to address the ARC’s ability to fully serve its target making literally thousands of tough unique problems of this region which areas. But I think it underscores how but intelligent choices with regard to has been afflicted by over a century of serious we are about preserving this this Nation’s spending priorities. exploitation, neglect, geographic bar- agency. They have done a superb job, and riers, and economic distress. These are From the 35-percent-reduction level they have done it with care and com- not problems born of cyclical economic in 1996, my amendment will continue

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00056 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7337 to lower funding levels each year So what you have here is a smaller redesign the focus and size of the agen- through 2002. Overall, if we use as a industry—smaller by half—being regu- cy. It is my view that ARC should baseline a hard freeze at 1995 funding lated by 50 percent more bureaucrats. eliminate those functions that are be- levels for ARC, my amendment would That is the kind of anomaly that our yond the central mission of economic achieve a 47-percent reduction in constituents want us to change. development. Voters believe that 52 cents on every spending. This amounts to $925 million We also need to critically assess tax dollar is waste by the Federal Gov- in savings over 7 years. which areas that are currently under Mr. President, I would ask that a ernment. If there is any program that the jurisdiction of ARC no longer need table reflecting the savings proposed suggests this might be true, it is the its support, due to the success of ARC’s by my amendment appear in the regulation account at OSM which programs. RECORD at the conclusion of my re- serves a smaller and smaller industry, marks. and whose activities are being dupli- There are a number of counties that The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without cated by more and more States. have achieved the goal of economic objection, it is so ordered. Further, I am told that OSM has ac- self-sufficiency and therefore have out- (See exhibit 1.) tually become a burden on State regu- grown the need for ARC funding. Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, no- latory agencies, making excessive re- My amendment would enable the body can charge that this amendment quests for data collection and studies ARC to focus its resources on those is an attempt to preserve the status that divert valuable resources from counties that struggle with the most quo. Instead, it is an effort to preserve their own regulatory activities. severe economic hardships. an essential Federal program by mak- The proposed reduction in OSM’s ing some very tough but necessary title V program should come out of the Let me conclude. If my colleagues be- choices. agency’s inspection and regulatory ac- lieve that eliminating ARC will save In order to provide the necessary tivities which duplicate State pro- money, they are sadly mistaken. The budget offset, I have proposed a reason- grams. Adequate funding for State reg- poverty and economic distress of cen- able reduction in the regulation and ulatory grants should be maintained, tral Appalachia will only deepen, im- technology account of the Office of and my amendment is in no way in- posing higher costs on other Federal Surface Mining. The regulatory arm of tended to affect such grants. programs. On the other hand, if we OSM has served its statutory purposes Mr. President, in these tight budg- keep ARC alive, and help this region to well over the years, but the fact is that etary times, a 28-percent reduction in help itself, we will be saving a lot more much of its current activities are now the OSM regulatory budget is entirely money in the long run. being handled effectively at the State reasonable. This cut will actually force Of course, all programs must make level. OSM to streamline operations and every effort to revaluate their mission In fact, primary responsibility for eliminate many duplicative services and eliminate those functions that are regulation in this area has been passed that are a burden to State regulatory no longer needed. I have proposed on to 23 of the 26 coal-producing agencies. eliminating certain authorities of the States. I would suggest that the remaining ARC that are no longer needed, and re- Further, the size of the industry cuts be from other Federal programs forming the eligibility criteria to take being regulated by OSM has shrunk that duplicate State regulatory or certain economically stabilized coun- dramatically over the last decade and a oversight functions within function ties off the rolls. These reforms are as- half. While the number of active coal 300. If we intend to streamline the Fed- sumed in the lower spending levels con- mines has dropped from over 6,000 in eral Government, we can start with tained in my amendment. 1979 to barely 3,000 in 1993, OSM staff Federal activities that overlap with has increased by more than 50 percent. State agencies and programs. Overall, In sum, this is a creative and com- Even since 1983, when the last of the 23 my amendment would cut three- monsense way to save one of the few States assumed primary regulatory au- fourths of 1 percent from this function. Federal programs that has actually thority, OSM staff grew by a quarter. This small cut will provide substantial worked: the ARC. Just as important, About half of the OSM budget for benefit to severely distressed regions of my proposal is consistent with the goal regulation and technology funds activi- Appalachia. of balancing the budget which all of us ties that duplicate existing state re- In drafting this amendment, I have want to achieve. I urge my colleagues sources. consulted with officials at ARC to help to support the amendment. McCONNELL AMENDMENT—HARDLY KEEPING THE STATUS QUO [In billions of dollars]

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Total

McConnell Amendment: 1 Annual budget authority ...... 183 .177 .173 .166 .150 .100 .100 1.049 Freeze at 1995 levels: Annual budget authority ...... 282 .282 .282 .282 .282 .282 .282 1.974 Current funding adjusted for inflation: Annual budget authority ...... 291 .301 .312 .323 .334 ...... 1.561 1 The McConnell amendment saves more than $900 million over a 7 year freeze at 1995 ARC funding levels. The McConnell amendment saves more than $500 million over 5 year—inflation adjusted—ARC funding levels.

Mr. FORD. Mr. President, I would FEC may only require repayment of tial services provided by the Appa- like to clarify the RECORD. I believe the disallowed campaign expenses to the lachian Regional Commission are con- distinguished junior Senator from Ken- extent Federal funds were used. tinued for some of this Nation’s most tucky may have misspoke earlier with In this instance, the FEC determined destitute areas. regard to the need for this amendment that of the $37,500 in disallowed cam- At a time when we are correctly ter- to address payments made by the Fed- paign expenses, $9,675 were paid with minating or scaling back outdated Fed- eral Election Commission [FEC] from Federal matching funds. Consequently, eral programs, I believe the Appa- the Presidential Election Campaign the campaign repaid the Presidential lachian Regional Commission is the Fund for settlement of alleged sexual Election Campaign Fund that amount. type of Federal initiative we should be harassment claims. Therefore, no taxpayer funds were encouraging. It is important to recog- The entire $37,500 payment referred used to pay this settlement. nize that the ARC uses its limited Fed- to by the Senator was disallowed by But I agree that taxpayer funds eral dollars to leverage additional the FEC as a qualified campaign ex- should not be used for this purpose and State and local funds. This successful pense and the FEC required repayment I support the amendment. partnership enables communities in of all Federal matching funds used to Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, I rise Virginia to have tailored programs pay this expense. As my colleague today in support of the McConnell which help them respond to a variety knows, the courts have held that the amendment to ensure that the essen- of grassroots needs.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00057 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7338 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 24, 1995 In the Commonwealth of Virginia, 21 ing, subdivision, and other land use or- partnership with West Virginia and the counties rely heavily on the assistance dinances. In addition, funds are used to Appalachian region to finish the foun- they receive from the Appalachian Re- prepare labor force studies or mar- dation we need for more growth, more gional Commission. Income levels for keting plans in guiding industrial de- jobs, and more hope for our people. this region of Virginia further indicate velopment sites. To that end, I accept the idea that Mr. President, the mission of the Ap- that, on average, my constituents who the Office of Surface Mining should re- palachian Regional Commission is as reside in this region have incomes duce its bureaucracy and excessive reg- relevant today as it was when the pro- which are $6,000 below the average per ulatory activity in order to finish gram was created. This rural region of capita income for the rest of the Na- ARC’s work for families and businesses the Nation remains beset with many tion. in Appalachia. This amendment will In 1960, when the ARC was created, geographic obstacles that have kept it isolated from industrial expansion. It not add to the deficit or prevent us the poverty rate in Virginia’s Appa- from reaching a balanced budget in lachian region was 24.4. In 1990, the is a region that has been attempting to diversify its economy from its depend- 2002—it will simply redirect funding poverty rate statistics of 17.6 show im- from certain activities at OSM so that provement which can be attributed to ency on one industry—coal mining—to other stable employment opportuni- the ARC can continue its mission for the effectiveness of the ARC. However, the people of Appalachia. we are still a long way from achieving ties. It is a program that provides es- the U.S. average poverty level of 13.1 sential services and stimulates the con- This amendment accepts a fair share and also the regional poverty level of tributions of state and local funds. of responsibility for deficit reduction. I thank Senator MCCONNELL for his other ARC-member States of 15.2. But instead of saying wipe out the With these statistics in mind, I would leadership on this issue and I urge the ARC, it charts a course of gradual re- like to offer some specific points one amendment’s adoption. ductions, starting with a 35 percent cut should keep in mind regarding the ef- AMENDMENT NO. 1148 in ARC funding for 1996, with continued fectiveness of ARC programs, its rela- Mr. ROCKEFELLER. Mr. President, I reductions through 2002. Overall, it tionship with the Commonwealth of rise in strong support of this amend- would be a 47 percent cut in ARC fund- Virginia, and the direct impact that ment to preserve funding for the Appa- ing if the commission were frozen at its this relationship has on the private lachian Regional Commission, and I 1995 level. This is going to require sector. thank the Senator from Kentucky for changes and further streamlining at In recent years, a significant portion offering it. Without his amendment, the ARC, which should be tough but do- of ARC funds have been dedicated to the budget proposal before us includes able. Under the McConnell amendment, local economic development efforts. a plan to wipe out a very small and val- ARC is still contributing its fair share Were it not for this assistance, the uable agency over the next 5 years. to deficit reduction. Without it, one re- LENOWISCO Planning District and This amendment is the Senate’s chance gion of the country is asked to suffer Wise County would not have been able to reject the idea of eliminating the more than is fair and to a point that to complete construction of the water tools dedicated to the economic devel- will hurt the region. opment and future of 13 Appalachian and sewage lines to provide utility As a former Governor, and now as a States, including West Virginia. services to the Wise County Industrial U.S. Senator from West Virginia, I Senators listening to this debate may Park at Blackwood. These lines were think this is an amendment that only know—vividly—the value of the ARC financed by a $500,000 grant from the deserves the votes of those of us rep- and how it improves the lives of many ARC and a $600,000 grant from the U.S. resenting those States. I hope our case hard-working citizens. Whether the Economic Development Administra- will be heard so that won’t be the con- funding is used for new water and tion. The construction of these utili- clusion of our colleagues. The people of sewer systems, physician recruitment, ties to serve a new industrial park has every State have a stake in the eco- adult literacy programs or the Appa- attracted a major wood products manu- nomic strength of the rest of the coun- lachian corridor highways, it has made facturing facility which has created 175 try. When floods ravage the Mid-West the difference in West Virginia, Ken- new jobs for the community. or the Gulf States; when a major de- tucky, and the other Appalachian The Fifth Planning District serving fense installation or space center is lo- States. the Alleghany Highlands of Virginia is cated in a State like Texas or Ala- The highways are the most visible a prominent example of leveraging bama; when payments are made to and best known investments made by other State and local funds and stimu- farmers for crop losses; when billions the ARC for the people of Appalachia. lating economic development with par- are spent to shore up S&L institutions As of today, over two-thirds of the ARC tial funding from the ARC. For fiscal in certain States; when special aid is highway system has been completed. year 1995, with $350,000 from the ARC, given to cities or to California after its But if the ARC is simply abolished, the the Alleghany Regional Commerce riots or earthquakes; when research job will not be completed. What a Center in Clifton Forge, VA was estab- labs get special funds in New Mexico or waste of money to pull out before a lished. This new industrial center al- Massachusetts—when any of this sup- road system is finished. ready has a commitment from two in- port and assistance is extended, it is dustries, providing new employment At this very moment, some of these the country’s way of investing in each highways are called highways halfway opportunities for over 220 persons. region and in the futures of Americans The ARC funds for this project have to nowhere, because they are just everywhere. that—half built, and only halfway to generated an additional $500,000 in The Appalachian Regional Commis- State funds, $450,000 from the Virginia their destination. The job has to be sion is the Nation’s effort to help a completed, so these highways become Department of Transportation, $145,000 part of this country overcome tremen- from Alleghany County, and $168,173 highways the whole way to somewhere. dous barriers. In many parts of the re- And that somewhere is called jobs and from the Alleghany Highlands Eco- gion, major progress has been achieved. prosperity that will benefit the rest of nomic Development Authority. As a re- But the ARC’s job is not finished, and the country, too. sult of a limited Federal commitment, the agency should not be abolished there is almost a 4 to 1 ratio of non- until it is. Appalachia simply wants to be con- Federal dollars compared to Federal Like so much else in this budget de- nected to our national grid of high- funds. bate, this amendment is about prior- ways. Parts of the region weren’t lucky In many cases, these funds have been ities. For me, this represents a choice enough to come out as flat land, so the the sole source of funding for local between two programs that affect the job takes longer and costs more. But it planning efforts for appropriate com- people of West Virginia. It calls for a is essential in giving the people and munity development. For example, little less support for the Office of Sur- families in this part of the United such funds have been used to prepare face Mining, in order to put more into States of America a shot—a chance to and update comprehensive plans which the ARC. be rewarded for a work ethic and com- are required by Virginia State law to The key message in this amendment mitment with real economic oppor- be updated every 5 years in revise zon- is its call for continuing the ARC’s tunity and a decent quality of life.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00058 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7339 I won’t speak for my colleagues from Rockefeller Shelby Stevens On page 4, line 19, increase the amount by Santorum Snowe Thurmond $144,000,000. other Appalachian States, but West Sarbanes Specter Warner Virginia was not exactly the winner in On page 4, line 20, increase the amount by the original Interstate Highway Sys- NAYS—49 $197,000,000. Ashcroft Feingold Mack On page 4, line 21, increase the amount by tem. And Senators here represent $257,000,000. many States that were. As a result, Baucus Gorton McCain Bennett Graham Moynihan On page 4, line 22, increase the amount by areas of my State have suffered, eco- Bingaman Gramm Murkowski $322,000,000. nomically and in human terms. With- Bond Grams Murray On page 4, line 23, increase the amount by out roads, people are shut off from Boxer Grassley Nickles $392,000,000. Bradley Gregg jobs. That’s obvious. But without Packwood On page 4, line 24, increase the amount by Brown Hatfield Pressler $412,000,000. Bumpers Inhofe roads, people also cannot get decent Roth Campbell Jeffords On page 5, line 4, increase the amount by health care. Dropping out of school is Simon Chafee Kassebaum $47,000,000. Simpson easier sometimes than taking a 2-hour Cohen Kempthorne On page 5, line 5, increase the amount by bus ride because the roads are not Conrad Kennedy Smith $144,000,000. there. D’Amato Kerry Thomas On page 5, line 6, increase the amount by Domenici Kohl Thompson $197,000,000. The structure of the ARC makes it Wellstone Dorgan Kyl On page 5, line 7, increase the amount by more efficient and effective than many Faircloth Lautenberg other agencies. The ARC is a working, $257,000,000. So the amendment (No. 1148) was On page 5, line 8, increase the amount by true partnership between Federal, agreed to. $322,000,000. State, and local governments. Mr. FORD. Mr. President, I move to On page 5, line 9, increase the amount by This structure expects responsibility reconsider the vote by which the $392,000,000. from citizens and local leaders, Federal amendment was agreed to. On page 5, line 10, increase the amount by funding is designed to leverage State $412,000,000. Mr. BYRD. I move to lay that motion On page 5, line 17, increase the amount by and local money for any activity. Ac- on the table. cordingly to the ARC, throughout its $47,000,000. The motion to lay on the table was On page 5, line 18, increase the amount by lifetime, it has contributed less than agreed to. $144,000,000. half of the total amount of project AMENDMENT NO. 1149 On page 5, line 19, increase the amount by funds. Administrative costs have ac- (Purpose: To restore the cuts to Federal Re- $197,000,000. counted for less than 4 percent of total tirement Programs by providing that the On page 5, line 20, increase the amount by costs over ARC’s lifetime. Federal Retirement programs will con- $257,000,000. Long before it was fashionable, ARC tinue to calculate retirement benefits from On page 5, line 21, increase the amount by used a from the bottom up approach to the average of an employee’s high 3 years $322,000,000. On page 5, line 22, increase the amount by addressing local needs, rather than a of service. The restoration of these cuts will be paid for by closing tax loopholes re- $392,000,000. top down, one-size-fits-all mandate of On page 5, line 23, increase the amount by the type that has become all too famil- garding billionaires who renounce their citizenship) $412,000,000. iar to citizens dealing with Federal On page 6, line 16, increase the amount by agencies. It works, too. Mr. SARBANES. Mr. President, I $47,000,000. I urge everyone in this body to keep send an amendment to the desk and On page 6, line 17, increase the amount by a promise made to a region that has ask for its immediate consideration. $144,000,000. been short shrifted. Each region is The PRESIDING OFFICER. The On page 6, line 18, increase the amount by $197,000,000. unique. Solutions have to differ, de- clerk will report. The legislative clerk read as follows: On page 6, line 19, increase the amount by pending on our circumstances. When it $257,000,000. comes to Appalachia, a small agency The Senator from Maryland [Mr. SAR- On page 6, line 20, increase the amount by called the Appalachian Regional Com- BANES], for himself, Ms. MIKULSKI, Mr. WAR- $322,000,000. mission should finish its work. Abol- NER, Mr. ROBB and Mr. BINGAMAN, proposes On page 6, line 21, increase the amount by an amendment numbered 1149. ishing it overnight will only create $392,000,000. more problems and more costs that can Mr. SARBANES. Mr. President, I ask On page 6, line 22, increase the amount by unanimous consent that the reading of $412,000,000. be avoided. I urge my colleagues to On page 39, line 24, increase the amount by vote in favor of the McConnell amend- the amendment be dispensed with. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without $47,000,000. ment. objection, it is so ordered. On page 39, line 25, increase the amount by The PRESIDING OFFICER. The $47,000,000. The amendment is as follows: On page 40, line 6, increase the amount by question is on agreeing to the amend- On page 3, line 10, increase the amount by $144,000,000. ment. $47,000,000. On page 40, line 7, increase the amount by Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I On page 3, line 11, increase the amount by $144,000,000. $144,000,000. ask for a rollcall vote. On page 40, line 13, increase the amount by On page 3, line 12, increase the amount by The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there a $197,000,000. sufficient second? $197,000,000. On page 3, line 13, increase the amount by On page 40, line 14, increase the amount by There is a sufficient second. $257,000,000. $197,000,000. The yeas and nays were ordered. On page 3, line 14, increase the amount by On page 40, line 20, increase the amount by The PRESIDING OFFICER. The $322,000,000. $257,000,000. clerk will call the roll. On page 3, line 15, increase the amount by On page 40, line 21, increase the amount by The legislative clerk called the roll. $392,000,000. $257,000,000. On page 3, line 16, increase the amount by On page 41, line 2, increase the amount by The result was announced—yeas 51, $322,000,000. nays 49, as follows: $412,000,000. On page 3, line 20, increase the amount by On page 41, line 3, increase the amount by [Rollcall Vote No. 188 Leg.] $47,000,000. $322,000,000. YEAS—51 On page 3, line 21, increase the amount by On page 41, line 9, increase the amount by $144,000,000. $392,000,000. Abraham Dole Kerrey On page 41, line 10, increase the amount by Akaka Exon Leahy On page 3, line 22, increase the amount by Biden Feinstein Levin $197,000,000. $392,000,000. Breaux Ford Lieberman On page 3, line 23, increase the amount by On page 41, line 16, increase the amount by Bryan Frist Lott $257,000,000. $412,000,000. Burns Glenn Lugar On page 3, line 24, increase the amount by On page 41, line 17, increase the amount by Byrd Harkin McConnell $322,000,000. $412,000,000. Coats Hatch Mikulski On page 3, line 25, increase the amount by On page 63, line 19, decrease the amount by Cochran Heflin Moseley-Braun $392,000,000. $47,000,000. Coverdell Helms Nunn Craig Hollings Pell On page 4, line 1, increase the amount by On page 63, line 20, decrease the amount by Daschle Hutchison Pryor $412,000,000. $967,000,000. DeWine Inouye Reid On page 4, line 18, increase the amount by On page 63, line 21, decrease the amount by Dodd Johnston Robb $47,000,000. $1,771,000,000.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00059 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7340 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 24, 1995 At the appropriate place in the resolution Kerrey Moseley-Braun Robb On page 4, line 20 increase the amount by insert the following: Kerry Moynihan Rockefeller $300,000,000. Kohl Murray Sarbanes SEC. . FEDERAL RETIREMENT. On page 4, line 21 increase the amount by Lautenberg Nunn Shelby $300,000,000. It is the sense of the Senate that— Leahy Pell Simon (a) the assumptions underlying the revenue Levin Pressler On page 4, line 22 increase the amount by Warner $400,000,000. and functional totals in this resolution as- Lieberman Pryor Wellstone sume that the Federal Retirement programs Mikulski Reid On page 4, line 23 increase the amount by $400,000,000. will continue to calculate retirement bene- NAYS—50 fits from the average of an employee’s high On page 4, line 24 increase the amount by Abraham Faircloth Mack $500,000,000. 3 years of service; and (b) the restoration of Ashcroft Frist McCain Federal Retirement benefits will be restored On page 5, line 4 decrease the amount by Bennett Gorton McConnell $200,000,000. by closing the tax loophole which allows bil- Bond Gramm Murkowski On page 5, line 5 decrease the amount by lionaires to escape taxes by renouncing their Brown Grams Nickles $200,000,000. citizenship. Burns Grassley Packwood Chafee Gregg On page 5, line 6 decrease the amount by Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, I would Roth Coats Hatch Santorum $300,000,000. Cochran Hatfield like to speak for a few minutes regard- Simpson On page 5, line 7 increase the amount by Cohen Helms ing the Sarbanes amendment, of which Smith $300,000,000. Coverdell Hutchison I am an original cosponsor. This Snowe On page 5, line 8 increase the amount by Craig Inhofe $400,000,000. amendment eliminates the provision in D’Amato Kassebaum Specter On page 5, line 9 increase the amount by the budget resolution which changes DeWine Kempthorne Stevens Thomas $400,000,000. the basis for calculating retirement Dole Kyl Domenici Lott Thompson On page 5, line 10 decrease the amount by benefits for Federal employees from Exon Lugar Thurmond $500,000,000. the average of an employee’s highest 3 So the amendment (No. 1149) was re- On page 5, line 19 increase the amount by years to the average of the highest 5 $1,400,000,000. jected. years. On page 5, line 22 increase the amount by Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I $900,000,000. The Government cannot change the move to reconsider the vote. rules in the middle of the game for On page 6, line 5 increase the amount by Mr. EXON. I move to lay that motion $1,400,000,000. these loyal public servants who are re- on the table. On page 6, line 8 increase the amount by lying on and planning for retirement The motion to lay on the table was $900,000,000. using longstanding practices. Govern- agreed to. On page 6, line 18 increase the amount by ment personnel, civilian or military, $1,400,000,0000. AMENDMENT NO. 1150 active or retirees, should not be singled On page 6, line 21 increase the amount by out to bear the burden of balancing the (Purpose: Deficit neutral amendment that $900,000,000. would prohibit including revenues in the budget. On page 7, line 5 increase the amount by budget resolution based on oil and gas leas- $1,400,000,000. While I am a strong advocate of bal- ing within the Arctic National Wildlife On page 7, line 8 increase the amount by ancing the budget, I do not believe that Refuge) $900,000,000. a disproportionate share of the budget Mr. ROTH. Mr. President, I send an On page 7, line 15 decrease the amount by cuts should fall on Federal employees. amendment to the desk and ask for its $200,000,000. I strongly agree with the mandate immediate consideration. On page 7, line 16 decrease the amount by which American people delivered in the The PRESIDING OFFICER. The $200,000,000. On page 7, line 17 increase the amount by 1994 elections. I am committed to clerk will report. working to cut spending and reduce big $1,100,000,000. The legislative clerk read as follows: On page 7, line 18 decrease the amount by government, while striving to see that The Senator from Delaware [Mr. ROTH] $300,000,000. benefits to the truly needy are not un- proposes an amendment numbered 1150. On page 7, line 19 decrease the amount by fairly affected. Mr. ROTH. Mr. President, I ask unan- $400,000,000. We cannot and must not allow those imous consent that reading of the On page 7, line 20 increase the amount by who have given years of service to the $500,000,000. amendment be dispensed with. On page 7, line 21 decrease the amount by Federal Government to be uncertain The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without about their retirement decisions and $500,000,000. objection, it is so ordered. On page 8, line 1 decrease the amount by their future financial well-being. The amendment is as follows: $200,000,000. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The On page 3, line 10 increase the amount by On page 8, line 2, decrease the amount by question is on agreeing to the amend- $200,000,000. $200,000,000. ment. On page 3, line 11 increase the amount by On page 8, line 3, increase the amount by Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I ask $200,000,000. $1,100,000,000. for the yeas and nays. On page 3, line 12 increase the amount by On page 8, line 4, decrease the amount by The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there a $300,000,000. $300,000,000. On page 3, line 13 increase the amount by sufficient second? On page 8, line 5, decrease the amount by $300,000,000. $400,000,000. There is a sufficient second. On page 3, line 14 increase the amount by On page 8, line 6, increase the amount by The yeas and nays were ordered. $400,000,000. $500,000,000. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The On page 3, line 15 increase the amount by On page 8, line 7, decrease the amount by question is on agreeing to the amend- $400,000,000. $500,000,000. ment No. 1149 offered by the Senator On page 3, line 16 increase the amount by On page 20, line 15, increase the amount by from Maryland [Mr. SARBANES]. The $500,000,000. $1,400,000,000. yeas and nays have been ordered. The On page 3, line 20 decrease the amount by On page 20, line 16, increase the amount by $200,000,000. $1,400,000,000. clerk will call the roll. On page 3, line 21 decrease the amount by On page 21, line 15, increase the amount by The assistant legislative clerk called $200,000,000. $900,000,000. the roll. On page 3, line 22 decrease the amount by On page 21, line 16, increase the amount by The result was announced—yeas 50, $300,000,000. $900,000,000. nays 50, as follows: On page 3, line 23 increase the amount by On page 62, line 14, decrease the amount by [Rollcall Vote No. 189 Leg.] $300,000,000. $1,400,000,000. On page 3, line 24 increase the amount by On page 62, line 15, decrease the amount by YEAS—50 $400,000,000. $2,300,000,000. Akaka Byrd Glenn On page 3, line 25 increase the amount by Mr. BAUCUS. I rise today in support Baucus Campbell Graham $400,000,000. of the amendment offered by my col- Biden Conrad Harkin On page 4, line 1 increase the amount by league, Senator ROTH, to protect the Bingaman Daschle Heflin $500,000,000. Boxer Dodd Hollings On page 4, line 18 increase the amount by Arctic National Wildlife Refuge in Bradley Dorgan Inouye Alaska from oil and gas development. Breaux Feingold Jeffords $200,000,000. Bryan Feinstein Johnston On page 4, line 19 increase the amount by The proposed budget resolution as- Bumpers Ford Kennedy $200,000,000. sumes that the Committee on Energy

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00060 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7341 and Natural Resources will reach its tion—strong opposition—to opening up open market, cannot be quantified. The budget target by opening up this mag- ANWR to oil and gas drilling. My posi- budget resolution concerns itself pri- nificent wildlife refuge to oil and gas tion has not changed one bit, for those marily with identifying revenues and development. By striking $2.3 billion of my colleagues who have not heard directing spending. It is not the place over 7 years from that committee’s re- me address this issue before, I want to to develop Federal policy on land use quired reduction in budget outlays, and take this opportunity to again state or natural resources. The ecological adding that amount to the reduction the reasons why I am so opposed to values of the coastal plain, many of required by the Finance Committee, drilling. which are intangible, will lose out Senator ROTH’s amendment would pro- Mr. President, opening up the Arctic when compared to the CBO scoring of tect the refuge, while preserving the National Wildlife Refuge is not an en- potential revenues of barrels of oil. budget resolution’s bottom line. ergy policy, it is a non-energy policy. Mr. President, I oppose the budget To ensure that this amendment is Even if—and this is a big ‘‘if’’—even if committee proposal because it con- deficit neutral and therefore does not the big oil companies were to tap the tinues, and even strengthens, the exist- impair our progress toward a balanced 3.2 billion barrels of oil the Department ing misplaced energy priorities that budget, a goal I strongly support, Sen- of Interior has estimated may lie under have yet to reduce our need for foreign ator ROTH has suggested that those ANWR, the United States would be no oil. The language in the resolution em- funds instead be obtained by elimi- more energy secure than it is now. The phasizes environmentally destructive nating the ability of persons to avoid oil reserves under ANWR would com- energy development when what we taxes by relinquishing their U.S. citi- pose only a fraction of this country’s need to do is develop cleaner, nonpetro- zenship. As a result, this amendment huge appetite for oil for a short period leum-based fuels and seek important would allow us to continue to protect a of time, and at a tremendous, perhaps energy conservation opportunities. national treasure for future genera- catastrophic ecological cost. We will be If we allow drilling in the coastal tions by closing a tax loophole for no less dependent on foreign oil, and plain, we are destroying what the Fish wealthy expatriates who choose to give perhaps more so, now that the Senate and Wildlife Service calls the biologi- up their American citizenship to avoid has apparently expressed its willing- cal heart of the only complete Arctic paying taxes. ness to see Alaskan oil exported over- ecosystem protected in North America. A word about the refuge. It is a truly seas to the highest bidder. We will have We will be destroying that resource for special place. Located in the northeast gained nothing except the experience a one in five chance of finding any eco- corner of Alaska, the Arctic National of witnessing, once again, the grand ex- nomically recoverable oil in the coast- Wildlife Refuge has been referred to, ercise of greed. al plain. And, even worse, we will de- for good reason, as ‘‘America’s And at what cost, Mr. President? I stroy that biological heart in an effort Serengeti.’’ The refuge supports a spec- will tell you what cost. We will have to recover what many experts suggest tacular array of wildlife, including squandered one of the last remaining, will be only 200 days worth of oil for polar bears, grizzly bears, wolves, and irreplaceable treasures that belong not the Nation. snow geese. In addition, the porcupine to us, not to the oil companies, not to In addition, Mr. President, we cannot caribou herd, numbering over 150,000 this Government, but to our children, be sure that the revenues the com- animals, bear their young on the coast- and their children and their children’s mittee assumes from the leasing are al plain and provide an important children. The Arctic National Wildlife real. First, the leasing revenues are source of food for the native people Refuge is the biological heart of the speculative in light of what has been that live near the refuge. Arctic; and once it is gone, Mr. Presi- bid on other highly prospective leases Oil and gas development is now pro- dent, it is gone forever. near the Arctic Refuge. The State of hibited in the refuge, unless authorized Let us not continue any further down Alaska’s most recent onshore lease sale by Congress. Senator ROTH’s amend- this path of foolishness. I urge my col- located west of the Refuge brought in ment is therefore consistent with cur- leagues to vote for their children’s an average of $48.41 per acre, and leases rent law. However, regardless of wheth- sake to accept the Roth amendment. er you believe, as I do, that the coastal Mr. LAUTENBERG. Mr. President, I immediately offshore the refuge in the plain should be permanently protected rise today to strongly support the Beaufort Sea only gained an average of $33–$153 per acre, versus the estimated as a wilderness area or, as the Budget amendment by Senator ROTH to re- Committee proposes, that the law move language in the budget resolution $1,533 per acre the committee assumes should be changed to authorize leasing which might allow drilling in the would be paid if the entire coastal for oil and gas, the budget process is coastal plain of the Arctic National plain were leased. not the time or the place to settle this Wildlife Refuge. Second, the Federal treasury may important issue. It should be fully and A provision in the budget resolution take in as little as ten percent of all objectively debated, taking into con- assumes leasing revenues of $1.4 billion leasing revenues, not a split of 50 per- sideration not only the immediate eco- from leasing rights in the coastal cent as it appears that the Budget nomic return of leasing but the poten- plain. It is, in reality, nothing more Committee currently assumes. The tial loss to future generations of devel- than a yard sale to special interests of State of Alaska can be expected to sue oping this pristine wilderness. the resources in this critical Arctic to get 90 percent of the leasing reve- The Roth amendment will remove wilderness. Additionally, the $1.4 bil- nues, as it does currently for other the budget incentive to develop the ref- lion revenue estimate is highly specu- leases on Federal lands in Alaska. uge while maintaining the deficit re- lative, at best. All and all, the provi- Mr. President, after the Exxon Valdez duction totals. I urge my colleagues to sion is misplaced and misguided. spill, I visited the tragic spill site, the support it. The issue of whether to drill in the industrial complex at Prudhoe Bay, Mr. WELLSTONE. Mr. President, I coastal plain in the Arctic Refuge de- and the coastal plain of the Arctic Ref- rise to speak in support of the amend- serves full, open and deliberative de- uge. What I saw was the best of nature ment proposed by the distinguished bate. This is an embarrassing back- and the failings of humanity. I saw the Senator from Delaware. It is my belief door attempt to allow development of best of nature in the Arctic Refuge, an that this amendment would accomplish our last remaining wilderness. We area that the renowned biologist two very important goals with one sim- should not consider a decision of major George Shaller calls ‘‘unique and irre- ple action, namely, closing an out- importance to be made under the time placeable, not just on a national basis, rageous tax loophole for the super-rich, restrictions required by the budget res- but also on an international basis.’’ He and preserving one of this continent’s olution—we should pursue this discus- notes, ‘‘most remote ecosystem, both most fragile treasures, the Arctic Na- sion through separate legislation. inside and outside reserves, are rapidly tional Wildlife Refuge. That’s the responsible thing to do. being modified. The refuge has re- Now as some of my colleagues are no Including this discussion in the con- mained a rare exception. The refuge doubt well aware, as long as I have text of the budget resolution deni- was established not for economic value, been coming down to this floor to grates the natural values of the coastal but as a statement of our nation’s vi- speak, I have been speaking in opposi- plain which, unlike barrels of oil on the sion.’’

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00061 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7342 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 24, 1995 Beauty, wilderness, pristine—these ago, the first Americans could hunt them to change their calving grounds words simply fail to capture what I saw bison and elk in the open forests on the and migratory routes. This, in turn, and what is at stake if we allow oil and banks of the Potomac. I wonder how will affect other wildlife and impact gas drilling to proceed. The infrastruc- many people remember that outside the lifestyle and culture of the ture alone will severely impact the this building passenger pigeons used to Gwich’in people. ecosystem. The oil rigs, roads, pipe- roost in American chestnut trees, Proponents of development claim lines, airstrips, production facilities, sometimes in flocks of thousands. that only 13,000 acres of the Refuge will seismic testing and air and water pol- Today the bison and elk are gone, the be impacted. While this may be true, lution associated with the development passenger pigeon is extinct, and the that development will take place in the will have dramatic negative impacts on American chestnut has been wiped out biological heart of ANWR and have a the fragile coastal plain ecosystem. in this region by an exotic disease. The devastating impact on the wilderness We also threaten the food and culture first Americans wouldn’t recognize this values of the area. In this biological of one of the most traditional subsist- place. heart, developers will create a major ence peoples in the world, the Gwich’in Now we turn to a remote corner of industrial complex. They will build indians who depend on the healthy and our country, the last expanse of true hundreds of miles of roads and pipe- undisturbed porcupine caribou herd wildness left, and Congress is saying lines, erect housing for thousands of which gives birth and raises its young ‘‘we need that too—to balance the workers, and construct two sea ports in the coastal plain. budget.’’ On behalf of the children, I and one airport. These developments Unfortunately, in seeing the spill in object. will lead to mining of enormous Prince William Sound, I saw how Drilling for oil in the Alaska Wildlife amounts of gravel, will require diver- empty promises and humanity’s care- Refuge has been a controversial issue sion of streams and will result in pollu- lessness despoiled a rich ecosystem. for almost ten years. This is not a rea- tion of fragile tundra. Dead wildlife, oil-coated beaches, fish- son to sneak it into the budget resolu- In addition to harming this precious ing towns and villages of native Alas- tion. This is an issue for the light of piece of our heritage, I am skeptical kans turned upside down with the de- day, not for legislative tricks. about the revenue assumptions made in struction. Today, seabird, seal, sea Drilling for oil in Alaska is not even the budget resolution. The resolution otter, and herring populations still going to be a major contribution to our assumes an intake of $1.4 billion from have not recovered, and the social dis- deficit—the leasing revenues are only ANWR oil leases. This assumption is ruption still is felt by the villagers. one-fifth of one percent of the budget based on a split between the Federal Most natural resources injured by the gap. Government and the State of Alaska of spill still show little or no sign of re- Finally, Alaska, the State that gets 60/40. While the Federal Government covery, according to the Exxon Valdez more Federal dollars per person than may push for this division, the state of Trustee Council. any other State in the Union, will get Alaska has historically received 90 per- If we drill in the refuge, we threaten at least 50 percent of the revenues, and cent of the money from Arctic leases. the unique wilderness system. And if the State wants to take 90 percent ac- It is likely that Alaska would file law- we destroy the wilderness values in the cording to previous arrangements. suits to ensure that 10/90 split con- Arctic Refuge, we also threaten an un- The Alaska National Wildlife Refuge tinues. disturbed ecosystem with its polar is American treasure that does not be- Leasing ANWR will not result in a bears, snow geese and international long to us—it is the heritage of our balanced budget. Leasing ANWR will porcupine caribou. country. Just like the bald eagle, the result in an imbalanced ecosystem in The very nature of the budget proc- grand canyon, and a good trout one of our greatest wilderness areas. I ess will denigrate the values of the stream—ANWR exists for our enjoy- urge this body to protect the Refuge coastal plain which the public and pre- ment today and for the enjoyment of for future generations of Americans. vious Congresses have sought to pro- Support the Roth amendment. generations to come. It should not be tect. The debate will not be about Mrs. BOXER. Mr. President, I rise in laced with roads and drilled for oil. whether wildlife and wilderness are strong support of the Roth-Lautenberg I urge support of this bipartisan worth more than the chance of finding amendment. This is a deficit neutral amendment. oil—the debate will hinge on what amendment that will correct a mis- Mrs. MURRAY. Mr. President, I am scores for budget deficit purposes. How guided policy assumption in the cur- in strong support of the Roth amend- do you score polar bears, musk oxen rent budget resolution. ment. and caribou? How do you measure the Mr. President, the 1996 budget resolu- We cannot sacrifice the incomparable loss of an intact, undisturbed eco- tion assumes 2.3 billion dollars in rev- wilderness of the Arctic National Wild- system to science? How will the Budget enue over 7 years from leases to oil life Refuge to support our bad spending Committee account for the wilderness companies for oil exploration and de- habits. This refuge is one of the only values which will be gone forever? velopment in the Arctic National Wild- For all these reasons, Mr. President, remaining complete and undisturbed life Refuge. It assumes the opening up I strongly object to the provision as- arctic ecosystems in the world. It is of a unique wildlife refuge for the sake suming leasing revenues from the home to an abundance of wildlife, in- of oil development. coastal plain in the budget resolution. cluding grizzly and polar bears, musk- Mr. President, the 1980 passage of the I strongly urge my colleagues to vote oxen, wolves, and a host of migratory Alaska National Interest Lands Con- in favor of the Roth amendment. bird species. It is also home to the servation Act opened up 95 percent of Mr. LEAHY. Mr. President, this Con- magnificent porcupine caribou herd, Alaskan lands with high or favorable gress should not have a yard sale to whose 160,000 members rely on this oil and gas potential to exploration and balance the budget. coastal plain for their calving grounds. development. A yard sale is an opportunity to ANWR also provides essential habitat That same act did NOT allow oil and clean house, to clear out things that for people. The Gwich’in people have gas exploration in an area of the coast- have outgrown their usefulness, and to inhabited this arctic ecosystem for al plain designated ‘‘section 1002’’ be- get rid of junk you don’t need. The more than 20,000 years. They are de- cause of its uniqueness as a natural re- Alaska National Wildlife Refuge is not pendent upon the caribou herd for their source. junk. It should not be drilled for oil to food source, clothing supply and cul- This ‘‘Section 1002’’ of the Arctic balance the budget. ture. coastal plain is precisely the land area The refuge is one of a kind—in fact, Mr. President, this body could, that the budget resolution assumes it’s the last of its kind. The Alaska Na- today, begin a process that will signal will be leased to oil companies for oil tional Wildlife Refuge is the only place the beginning of the end for many of exploration activities. we have left that resembles the kind of the people and wildlife of ANWR. With Mr. President, in other words, the land that gave birth to our Nation cen- this budget resolution, the doors will budget resolution assumes that explo- turies ago. be opened wide for oil development in ration will occur in an area where in I wonder how many people realize the Refuge. Oil development will likely current law, it is explicitly illegal to that outside this chamber, 500 years disrupt the porcupine caribou and force do so.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:09 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00062 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S24MY5.REC S24MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7343 What would the consequences be of The PRESIDING OFFICER. The leasing of this area considered in con- opening up the Arctic plain to develop- question is on agreeing to the amend- text of the budget deficit reduction ef- ment? ment. fort. I would like to quote to you from a Mr. DOMENICI. The Senator assumes Together with the other members of passage written by Peter Matthiessen this would be ANWR. I add that to my the Alaska delegation I opposed this in his forward to the Natural Resources explanation. amendment. The amendment was also Defense Council report Tracking Arctic Mr. President, I move to table the opposed by the Inupiat Eskimo people Oil: amendment and I ask for the yeas and who live on the North Slope; by the Today the oil companies have set their nays. local government for this region, the sights on the last undeveloped lands to the The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there a North Slope Borough; by the Eskimo- eastward, pressuring Congress for permission sufficient second? owned Arctic Slope Regional Corp.; by to exploit the 125 mile-long coastal plain of There is a sufficient second. the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, the very the State of Alaska; by our Governor last protected stretch of our arctic coastline, The yeas and nays were ordered. Tony Knowles, and by an over- where polar bears still hunt over the ice and The PRESIDING OFFICER. The whelming majority of Alaskans. come ashore, where a mighty herd of 180,000 question is on agreeing to the motion Mr. President, I want to review the caribou, with its attendant wolves, migrates to table. history and the potentially huge bene- each year from Canada to give birth to its The yeas and nays have been ordered. fits that opening the coastal plain to young.... The danger posed by destructive The clerk will call the roll. oil and gas leasing can provide to the and inefficient drilling in the Arctic with ir- The legislative clerk called the roll. remediable loss to wilderness and wildlife, is Nation. The result was announced—yeas 56, In the 1980 Alaska National Interest not an Alaskan problem. It is a national nays 44, as follows: problem, a world problem. Lands Conservation Act Congress with- Mr. President, the first step toward [Rollcall Vote No. 190 Leg.] drew more than 19 million acres in victory for those hungry oil companies YEAS—56 northeast Alaska, 8 million acres were occurred last week in the Senate, with Abraham Ford Lugar designated wilderness and another 11 the passage of a bill that would lift the Akaka Frist Mack million acres nonwilderness refuge Ashcroft Gorton McCain lands. However, under section 1002 of ban on the export of Alaska North Bennett Gramm McConnell Slope Oil. Bond Grams Murkowski that act Congress set aside about 1.5 The lifting of the ban goes against all Breaux Grassley Nickles million acres to study for oil potential. the principles on which Congress based Brown Gregg Packwood The purpose of the study was to evalu- Burns Hatch Pressler its controversial and expensive deci- Campbell Hatfield ate the oil and gas values and the fish Santorum Coats Heflin and wildlife values of this area. sion to construct the Trans-Alaska Shelby Cochran Helms Pipeline. Simpson In April 1987 the Department of the Conrad Hollings Today, we face step two: a budget Coverdell Hutchison Smith Interior released the legislative envi- resolution that assumes 2.3 billion dol- Craig Inhofe Specter ronmental impact statement and lars in revenue from oil exploration D’Amato Inouye Stevens coastal plain report to the Congress. DeWine Johnston Thomas This led to the recommendation of and development leases along the pris- Dole Kempthorne Thompson tine coastal plane of the Arctic Na- Domenici Kyl Thurmond the Secretary of the Interior to open tional Wildlife Refuge. Faircloth Lott Warner the 1002 area to oil and gas leasing. Let Republicans in the budget committee NAYS—44 me quote from the report: say that they are ‘‘only leasing 8 per- Baucus Feinstein Moseley-Braun The 1002 area is the Nation’s best single op- cent of the 19 million acres of the Arc- Biden Glenn Moynihan portunity to increase significantly domestic tic Wildlife Refuge’’, and that ‘‘The de- Bingaman Graham Murray oil production. It is rated by geologists as velopment of the Arctic National Wild- Boxer Harkin Nunn the most outstanding petroleum exploration Bradley Jeffords Pell target in the onshore United States. Data life Refuge would only affect 13,000 Bryan Kassebaum acres’’. Pryor from nearby wells in the Prudhoe Bay area Bumpers Kennedy Reid and in the Canadian Beaufort Sea and Mac- Those 13,000 acres are on the last Byrd Kerrey Robb Chafee Kerry kenzie Delta, combined with promising seis- pristine arctic coastal plain—and are Rockefeller Cohen Kohl mic data gathered on the 1002 area, indicate Roth part of the original wildlife range es- Daschle Lautenberg extensions of producing trends and other Sarbanes tablished by President Eisenhower in Dodd Leahy geologic conditions exceptionally favorable Simon 1960. Those 13,000 acres are in an area Dorgan Levin for discovery of one or more supergiant fields Snowe that the House of Representatives has Exon Lieberman (larger than 500 million barrels). Feingold Mikulski Wellstone twice voted to designate as wilderness There is a 19-percent chance that economi- in order to give it permanent protec- So the motion to lay on the table the cally recoverable oil occurs in the 1002 area. tion from any development. amendment (No. 1150) was agreed to. The average of all estimates of conditional The fact is, Mr. President, that what Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I economically recoverable oil resources (the ‘‘mean’’) is 3.2 billion barrels. Based on this we are talking about here is turning move to reconsider the vote. Mr. EXON. I move to lay that motion estimate, 1002 area production by the year the only remaining protected stretch of 2005 could provide 4 percent of total U.S. de- our arctic coastline into an immense on the table. mand; provide 8 percent of U.S. production industrial desert. The motion to lay on the table was (about 660,000 barrels/day); and reduce im- Mr. President, leadership is about agreed to. ports by nearly 9 percent. This production finding long term solutions to prob- f could provide net national economic benefits of $79.4 billion, including Federal revenues of lems—not temporary solutions. ARCTIC OIL RESERVE The proposal to open the Alaska Na- $38.0 billion. tional Wildlife Refuge demonstrates Mr. MURKOWSKI. Mr. President, I The report continues: lack of long term vision and a lack of am glad to see that amendment offered Discovery of 9.2 billion barrels of oil could leadership—I firmly believe this is not by the Senator from Delaware to strike yield production of more than 1.5 million where the citizens of this Nation want a major source of new Federal revenues barrels per day. Estimates of net national to go. from the budget resolution was re- economic benefits based on 9.2 billion barrels The PRESIDING OFFICER. The jected by my colleagues. This source of of oil production, and other economic as- question now occurs on agreeing to the new revenue is $2.3 billion from com- sumptions, are as high as $325 billion. amendment offered by the Senator petitive bonus bids from leasing the oil On April 8, 1991, the Department of from Delaware. and gas resources of an area in the the Interior issued a formal update of Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, the northeast part of my State. This is an the recoverable petroleum reserves 1987 Roth amendment would reduce the in- issue that is important to my State study and report. The major finding structions to the Energy Committee by and to our Nation. This vote to keep from the update was that the prob- $2.3 billion over 7 years and offset that those funds in the budget resolution is ability of economic success of finding reduction by increasing revenues $2.3 a clear indication that my colleagues commercial oil in the 1002 area was in- billion over the same period of time. would like to see the revenues from the creased from 19 percent to 46 percent.

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