Published by the Interdepartmental Office EAPC/PfPPublished by the Interdepartmental

for Peace for and theand Partnership

Switzerland and the Partnership for Peace Umschlag_RZ 30.09.2004 16:14 Uhr Seite 3 Seite Uhr 16:14 30.09.2004 Umschlag_RZ PfP_e_RZ 30.09.2004 16:26 Uhr Seite 1

Switzerland and the Partnership for Peace

Published by the Interdepartmental Office EAPC/PfP

2 THE PURPOSE TWO STATEMENTS BY THE SWISS GOVERNMENT

6 PROMOTING SECURITY AND PEACE IN THE EURO-ATLANTIC REGION

8 THE THREAT DURING THE “COLD WAR” 10 FROM CONFRONTATION TO COOPERATION

FOCUS OF THE SWISS EFFORTS 12 THE ADVANTAGE OF INTEROPERABILITY 16 WHEN QUICK HELP IS NEEDED 18 THE NEW THREAT 20 MORE SECURITY THROUGH TRANSPARENCY 22 WHAT SWITZERLAND HAS TO OFFER 24 TACKLING CURRENT PROBLEMS 26 TOGETHER DISTRIBUTION OF TASKS AND 30 RESPONSIBILITIES PfP_e_RZ 30.09.2004 16:26 Uhr Seite 2

A clear position: “Switzerland is committed to permanent and armed neutrality. It has no intention of abandoning its neutrality. It does not seek membership in NATO.” (From the Swiss government’s Partnership for Peace Presentation Document, 1996)

An active role: “Even if we comply unreservedly with the law of neutrality, there remains considerable room for manoeuvre. This shall be used more resolutely than in the past to implement a foreign and security policy in the spirit of participation.” (From the Swiss government’s Report on Security Policy 2000)

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For these reasons Switzerland is committed to the “Partnership for Peace”.

THIS BROCHUREprovides essential informa- tion about Switzerland’s participation in the partnership with NATO: the reasons behind it, the objectives, and the main focus of Switzerland’s efforts.

MORE DETAILED information on the year’s events and achievements as well as on the resources committed is contained in the annual Reports of the Swiss government, complete with up-to-date facts, figures and dates.

THE MOST COMPLETEinformation on most of the subjects and institutions mentioned will be found on the Internet. The corre- sponding Internet addresses are listed in each case.

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THE PARTNERSHIP FOR PEACE (PFP) CYPRUS brings together NATO members and MALTA

another 20 countries from the Organi- AUSTRIA zation for Security and Cooperation in FINLAND Europe (OSCE). Its aim is to foster secu- IRELAND rity and stability and fundamental SWEDEN

shared values such as democracy and BELGIUM [1949] human rights. This is to be accom- CZECH REPUBLIC [1999] plished by building mutual trust, intro- DENMARK [1949] ducing transparency in the area of ESTONIA [2004] defence, dealing effectively with new FRANCE [1949] threats, and developing the capabilities GERMANY [1954/1990] of all partners through military coopera- GREAT BRITAIN [1949]

tion to participate jointly in peace sup- EU [1952] port operations. Switzerland joined the HUNGARY [1999] Partnership in 1996. Each member state [1949] is free to determine the extent of its par- LATVIA [2004] ticipation as it sees fit, being under no LITHUANIA [2004] LUXEMBOURG [1949 ] binding obligation. www.pfp.admin.ch NETHERLANDS [1949] POLAND [1999] NATO PORTUGAL [1949] Year of joining NATO by Promoting security and peace SLOVAKIA [2004] each member’s name SLOVENIA [2004] in the Euro-Atlantic region SPAIN [1982]

BULGARIA [2004] CANADA [1949] THE EURO-ATLANTIC PARTNERSHIP (EAPC) ICELAND [1949] is the umbrella organisation in which all

PfP/EAPC NORWAY [1949] security policy matters are discussed, ROMANIA [2004] and where guidelines and strategies are TURKEY [1952] determined for implementation by the UNITED STATES [1949] PfP. The Foreign Affairs and Defence ARMENIA Ministers, the Chiefs of Defence of AZERBAÏJAN NATO countries and their partner states BELARUS attend EAPC meetings. Ambassadors of CROATIA all the EAPC member states meet every GEORGIA month at NATO headquarters in Brus- KAZAKHSTAN sels. KYRGHYZ REPUBLIC MACEDONIA FOR SWITZERLAND THE PARTNERSHIP MOLDOVA serves as an important forum where RUSSIAN FEDERATION Swiss interests, particularly in the area of SWITZERLAND security policy, can be discussed with TAJIKISTAN NATO members and other partners, and TURKMENISTAN information and experiences can be UKRAINE exchanged to mutual advantage. The UZBEKISTAN Swiss army benefits directly at the levels of training and cooperation.

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A FIRST GLANCE AT THE PAST

The threat during the “Cold War” NATO STANDS FOR “North Atlantic Treaty Organization”, the defensive alliance that was concluded in 1949 between twelve countries on either side of the North Atlantic. The Alliance was directed against the perceived threat to the West from the Soviet Union. The nature of this threat was made clear by such events as the Communists’ violent seizure of power in Czechoslovakia, the blockade of West Berlin, and the suppression of freedom and democracy throughout occupied Eastern Europe. In signing the North Atlantic Treaty the allies agreed that an attack against one or more of them would be considered as an attack against all. NATO thus became a military guarantor of sovereignty during the Cold War. It made a decisive contribu- tion to the security of Europe from which neutral Switzerland also benefit- At the annual commemo- ration of the October ed. It significantly encouraged Revolution as well as the formation of a community of 1 May the leadership of values that is based on the same Moscow, November 1957 the Soviet Union used to demonstrate its claim fundamental convictions as Swiss to be a global power by democracy. www..int impressive military para- des on the Red Square in Moscow.

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A SECOND GLANCE AT THE PAST

km 0 00 10

From confrontation km 00 0 to cooperation 8

AS THE COLD WARcame to an end, with the fall of the Berlin Wall 1989 and the reunification of Germany, km the Atlanitc Alliance extended the 00 0 6 CA hand of cooperation to its former 100 US

enemies. ° The North Atlantic Cooperation Council (NACC), created as the 80° vehicle for this cooperation, soon found itself swamped by the demand. km 0 90 0 0 At its summit of 1994 NATO therefore 4 ° invited all of the democratic states of Europe, together with the states of the 70° former Soviet Union, to come together in 60 IS an all-embracing “Partnership for Peace”. ° 80 FI RU SE The aim was to replace mistrust and con- ° KZ KG km NO 00 0 frontation with openness and cooperation. 2 EE This would be done by strengthening secu- LV TJ 50 rity and building peace as well as by promot- ° DK LT UZ BY IE ing stability and democracy. 70 GB ° NL PL TM DE UA In 1997 the “Partnership for Peace” was BE LU TZ SK MD joined by the Euro-Atlantic Partnership AT GE AZ 40 FR HU RO Council EAPC, a new forum for discussions ° SI AM HR 60 BG and consultation. ° IT NATO has been enlarged MK TR AL ES This platform today is one on five occasions since its PT GR of the most important ele- founding, passing from the original 12 members 50 30 ments of Europe’s security to the 26 of today (in ° ° architecture. Like other neu- grey).0 The 20 states indi- ° ° 60 cated in yellow form the . tral nations that do not belong rn Be Partnership for Peace that 40 of ° t to the NATO alliance, Switzer- in was founded in 1994. po ° n ve 50 gi land too is contributing to this e th 30 at ° d re “large building site for peace”. nt ce ° d 40 an le 20° sca to ° red 30 asu 10° me W ces ° stan 0° ° 20 ll di 10 E 04. A 10 as 20 ° d Atl N s Worl the Swis Azimuthal equidistant projection from m

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Focus of the Swiss efforts

SOUTHEAST EUROPEis of particular concern to Swiss foreign policy and is also given spe- cial attention by the Partnership for Peace. Switzerland supports international efforts to

bring lasting stability to the One of the Swiss army’s region in ways which include Super Puma transport seconding military personnel helicopters above Prizren, one of ’s principal and organising cooperation cities in which the Swiss- projects. coy contingent and other forces are fulfilling their peacekeeping mission.

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AUSTRIA HUNGARY

SLOVENIA ROMANIA

ITALY Zagreb CROATIA Ljubljana Venice Bucharest Belgrade Banja Luka BOSNIA- Tuzla SERBIA - HERZEGOVINA MONTENEGRO Srebrenica

Split Sarajevo BULGARIA Mostar Pristina Sofia KOSOVO Dubrovnik Prizren

Skopje MACEDONIA

Tirana Thessaloniki

ALBANIA

GREECE

Athens

THE ETHNIC CONFLICTSthat erupted in mainly provides logistical support SOUTHEAST EUROPEis not the only region Yugoslavia at the beginning of the 1990s led including water purification, special trans- in which Switzerland assists Partnership to a process of disintegration which claimed port, medical supplies and healthcare, as programmes. Due to the nature of the new more than two hundred thousand lives and well as fuel supplies. Swisscoy armoured threat to peace and security in Europe, and left three million homeless. Switzerland has vehicles provide protection and a Swiss the eastward expansion of both NATO and worked to restore peace and stability in the Super Puma helicopter is used for air trans- the EU, regions like the Southern Caucasus region for many years. port duties. Swisscoy troops, all volunteers, and Central Asia, once considered remote, Unarmed Swiss Yellow Berets, part of an are armed and entitled to protect them- have today acquired new importance. Swiss OSCE contingent serving in Bosnia- selves. They receive specialised training cooperation projects are trying to improve Herzegovina between 1996 and 2000, were before their tour of duty, and are rotated security and stability in these regions. involved in the rebuilding of the war-torn every six months. Switzerland is also involved in efforts to country. During the Kosovo crisis of 1999 Switzerland is involved in several long- integrate Southern Mediterranean countries Switzerland supported the UN with the term cooperation projects whose purpose is with which NATO has been engaged in a operation “Alba”, evacuating refugees from to help the nations of Southeast Europe to security dialogue for several years, without the area by helicopter and providing assis- modernise their defence and security capa- whose cooperation security in Europe tance. bilities with structures that are both effi- would not be possible. Switzerland participated in a NATO-led cient and democratic. Swiss assistance is The Partnership for Peace Trust Fund military peacekeeping operation for the first provided in the following areas: logistics, enables NATO members and partner states time in 1999, sending a company known as training in communications, training of to join together in more ambitious coopera- mines as well as small weapons and muni- “Swisscoy” to Kosovo. Acting under a UN mountain troops and rescue squads, medical tion projects than would otherwise be possi- tions, and the renovation and conversion of mandate, the multinational Kosovo Force care, civil defence, peace-building and the ble and at the same time to make the best former military bases. After careful review, (KFOR) is helping to rebuild Kosovo, in destruction of chemical weapons and stock- use of available resources. Examples Switzerland participates in selected Trust addition to its peacekeeping activities. piled munitions. include the destruction of anti-personnel Fund projects.

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FOCUS ON COOPERATION CAPABILITY

LIKE ITS PARTNERS, THE SWISShas ARMY had to prepare for new challenges. In the absence of a direct military threat the new challenges include the threat of natural and technological disasters, and the fallout from regional conflicts. These are the main dan- gers and risks that face Europe today, and they require a united front. The role of the Swiss army as the guar- antor of national sovereignty and security has now been adapted to these altered cir- cumstances. Its new focus lies in the sup- port of civil security forces and in contribu- tions to international crisis management. The latter in particular requires a high degree of cooperation capability, for exam- ple in the context of an operation of stabili- sation in a conflict area. This “interoperability”, the readiness and ability to work together with the armed forces of strategic partners, is the goal Switzerland has set for its army. Interopera- bility between NATO members and partner states is indispensable to peace-building The advantage of efforts and effective humanitarian aid. It can only be achieved through joint exercises interoperability and the development of common military standards and norms. Different national norms and standards NATO’s proven capability and expe- clearly stand in the rience will ensure that it remains the way of compatibility. touchstone for security in Europe. All Therefore they must either be unified – or the nations of Europe are adopting ingeniously overcome; NATO standards for the reorganisa- this holds true both in tion of their armed forces, particular- the private and the security sectors. ly at the level of interoperability. For Switzerland, which is neither a member of NATO nor of the European Union, the Partnership for Peace is a unique platform for ever greater cooperation. Close contact with the armed forces of other coun- tries is certain to provide the Swiss army with incentives for further improvement.

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FOCUS ON EMERGENCY PLANNING AND DISASTER RELIEF

THE PARTNERSHIP FORhas PEACE grown When quick help beyond its original objective, which was pri- is needed marily military in nature. Today its coopera- tive efforts include a number of civil

Catastrophes usually spheres, which are just as important. occur without warning – Indeed natural and technological whether they are natural disasters require as much of a coor- disasters like earthquakes and floodings or technologi- dinated response by civil and mili- cal incidents like radiologi- tary authorities as do terrorist cal contamination. All the attacks or the threat of the deploy- more it is important to have the capabilities to quickly ment of weapons of mass destruc- react in the right manner tion. Cross-border cooperation and to be able to help to becomes a matter of urgency at such the affected population. times. Due to the highly complex nature of all such scenarios it is absolutely essential that international responses be dis- cussed and rehearsed on a regular basis to ensure constant improvement. Civil emergency planning has therefore become a permanent feature of the Partnership. Its importance has been made clear by a number of events in recent years. Deployment in an emergency must be immediate to ensure that victims receive relief as rapidly and effectively as possible.

THE EURO-ATLANTIC DISASTER RESPONSE COORDINATION CENTRE (EADRCC)is the lynchpin of all such efforts. Switzerland has played a part in its development and will continue to work for its improvement. The Centre, which holds regular training exercis- es, coordinates the offers for assistance made available by NATO and partner nations in case of an emergency. In the past these have included floods, earthquakes and major forest fires. Switzerland’s participa- tion is coordinated by the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC).

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THE NEW FOCUS: INTERNATIONAL TERRORISM

NATO HAS BEEN UNDERGOING A This approach, which combines PROCESS of transformation for several efforts to prevent and combat ter- years. Although the Alliance’s original pur- rorism with relief operations in The new pose has ceased to exist, new threats and cases of natural catastrophes, corre- threat dangers have emerged. Since the new en- sponds perfectly to Switzerland’s securi- emies are less easy to identify and pinpoint, ty policy concept which considers interna- a new strategy is needed to mount an effec- tional measures against terrorism to be tive defence. much more effective than unilateral efforts. NATO has therefore been transformed from Switzerland participates in international a purely defensive pact to an organi- efforts to provide assistance in the event of sation concerned with security in acts of terrorism with emphasis on the effi- all its aspects. cient coordination of cross-border This transformation was acceler- civil and military cooperation. ated following the events of 11 September 2001. As a sign of unquali- NUCLEAR, BIOLOGICAL AND CHEM- fied solidarity, NATO members activated ICAL WEAPONS are among the the collective mutual assistance clause for threats which require preventive the first time in the organisation’s history and protective measures. Although and officially declared the “fight Switzerland has considerable expert- against terrorism” a priority concern ise in these areas, here too it accepts the of the Alliance. Modern terrorism need for international cooperation to com- reaches well beyond national pensate for its own shortcomings and ensure

boundaries and potentially into the best possible defence. Smallpox viruses are every home. Its global nature and NATO’s Switzerland also organises microscopically small. efforts to combat it have inevitably influ- meetings of experts on relat- In the hands of terrorists these and similar “invisi- enced the Partnership for Peace (PfP). In ed matters such as the fi- ble” substances like the 2002, NATO and the PfP states adopted a nancing of terrorism and the anthrax bacillus become joint plan of action and committed them- protection of infrastructure potentially devastating biological, chemical or selves to closer cooperation in the fight from terrorist attacks. nuclear weapons. against terrorism.

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FOCUS ON REFORM IN THE SECURITY AND DEFENCE SECTORS

THE END OF THE COLD WARin Europe led to a complete reassessment of security and defence policies, and to fundamental changes. The nations of the West have engaged in a continuous process of rescaling and mod- ernising their armed forces, making them increasingly professional. Armies originally conceived for territorial defence are giving way to flexible, multi-functional forces. The countries of the former Eastern Bloc have at the same time been clearing away the obstacles inherited from commu- nism, remodelling their oversized and out- dated security apparatus and bringing them under democratic control. This has meant reorganising the military in accordance with democratic principles and integrating security-related sectors including border guards, intelligence servic- es and police forces into the new structure. The reforms will also result in increased supervision by parliament, more exposure to media coverage and the training of experts in civil defence policies. More security The reorganisation of security structures and the introduction through of democratic controls requires an enormous effort on the part of transparency the former communist countries.

Efficient border controls NATO and some of its partners improve security in the including Switzerland are there- Euro-Atlantic area. Only fore providing support. well trained and highly motivated units can stop Switzerland’s foreign and securi- the smuggling of weapons ty policies are above all con- and drugs, and trafficking cerned with the promotion of in human beings. transparency and democracy in the international arena, particularly in the area of defence policy. The underlying con- cept is “security through cooperation”. The Geneva-based Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces (DCAF) is partic- ularly important in this context as a centre of expertise that has monitored and supported reform processes in various “countries in transition” over many years (see page 28).

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What Switzerland has to offer

IN THE CONTEXT OF THE PART- Switzerland’s areas of expertise, the basis for Switzerland supports these efforts to adapt NERSHIP for Peace Switzerland these programmes, have changed little since to the new threats. In this context it regular- offers its partners a whole the Partnership began: ly organises events and expert meetings on A member of the task force series of training pro- • International humanitarian law and the related topics including: against nuclear and chemical weapons demonstrates its grammes in several fields Law of Armed Conflict • Combating terrorism and the financing chemical weapon verification and also organises a number • Humanitarian demining of terrorism device. With regard to protec- of events. The courses and • Arms control and disarmament • Protecting of the civilian population tion measures against nucle- ar, biological and chemical training programmes are • Healthcare services and medical training from attacks involving weapons of mass weapons Switzerland pro- reviewed and updated each • Information and communication destruction vides expert know-how in year, presented in an indi- technology • Protecting critical infrastructure theory and in practice. vidual programme and • Winter and summer mountaineering (information and communications submitted to NATO techniques infrastructure, power supply etc.) and the partner • Civil defence • Border security and control for states. • Training of military observers “countries in transition” • Training in security policy and the use of modern information technology SWITZERLAND ALSO BENEFITS:As well as offering training and expertise, Switzerland Switzerland offers its partners courses and takes advantage of the courses and seminars seminars in the above areas each year. In offered by its partners, when these touch on turn it benefits from exchanges of informa- its own security policy interests. tion and experience with these partners. Switzerland also participates in small- The emergence of new threats in recent scale and large-scale multinational exercises years has been reflected in the activities of in an effort to improve through training its the Partnership. Cooperation has been ability to engage in military cooperation extended into new areas in recognition of with partner states. The aim is to be ready the diversity of the threat from internation- for possible participation in both peace sup- al terrorism. port operations, and multinational relief efforts in the event of natural catastrophes or terrorist attacks.

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FOCUS ON SWISS SECURITY POLICY CENTRES OF EXPERTISE

Tackling current problems together

ONE OF THE BASIC TENETSof the Partner- ship for Peace is to move away from the “Cold War” between East and West with its decades of mutual suspicion. This requires open dialogue on such highly-sensitive issues such as defence planning, the size of the armed forces and defence budgets. Switzerland is strongly committed to free access to information, the exchange of knowledge, and mutual training and instruc- tion opportunities. It therefore provides both financial support and staff to the fol- lowing centres of expertise in the area of security.

The Geneva International Centre for Humanitarian Demining (GICHD) – helps to reduce the number of mine victims around the world and is the most important partner of the United Nations in this area. Through studies and conferences, meet-

ings of experts and courses, it In more than sixty strives to improve internation- countries mines are al cooperation and promote a killing and mutilating coherent anti-mine strategy. It thousands of people every year. The clearance of lobbies for implementation of this malicious weapon is the Ottawa Convention, call- expensive and dangerous ing for a total ban on the use of and its victims will need support for decades. anti-personnel land mines. The “Information Management System for Mine Action” (IMSMA), developed by the Centre in collaboration with the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETHZ), has set a new international stan- dard for data processing in this field. It has been adopted in more than 25 nations con- taminated by mines. www.gichd.ch

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The Geneva Centre for Security Policy The Centre for the Democratic Control of The International Relations and Security The PfP Consortium – or “PfP Consortium (GCSP) – offers training programmes to for- the Armed Forces (DCAF) – also located in Network (ISN) receives support from the of Defense Academies and Security Studies eign military officers, mid-career diplomats Geneva, is concerned with efforts to reform Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Institutes” to give it its full name, was and civil servants. Outstanding among these security-related sectors in the so-called Zurich. It is primarily concerned with the launched in 1998 to strengthen internation- is the nine-month “International Training “countries in transition” and war-torn soci- use of the Internet for establishing greater al cooperation for training and research in Course in Security Policy” focusing on eties – their armies, intelligence services, transparency in the area of security policy the areas of security and defence. This international security policy, preventive border guards, and similar forces. The and for encouraging dialogue between gov- umbrella organisation, in which the GCSP, diplomacy and arms control. DCAF has three main tasks: ernment offices, international organisations, DCAF and ISN are leading members, The GCSP also organises conferences 1. To systematically record and evaluate and scientific institutions as well as between brings together as many actors as possible and seminars, and both carries out and coor- existing knowledge and experience in this private organisations and individuals with a from the entire EAPC area who are involved dinates research in this field. It is one of the area and make it accessible particular interest in security. in security – both military and civilian, gov- first institutions of its kind to be certified as 2. To develop norms, standards and pro- The ISN organises meetings and confer- ernment and non-government – and encour- an official “PfP Training Centre“. cedures for assessing the democratisation ences, develops computer-assisted learning ages an exchange of experiences. Working Annual meetings of former participants process in the security sector and publish units, and offers courses and scientific groups on security-related matters publish help to maintain and deepen existing con- this information expertise. their results at regular intervals. tacts. The GCSP’s network of countries, 3. To initiate, support and implement The ISN gives Switzerland a leading Switzerland has been one of the most institutions and experts is important to its cooperation programmes in these areas with role in the exchange of information and active participants in the Consortium right work. www.gcsp.ch local and international partners. www.dcaf.ch Internet-based instruction in the security from the start. www.pfpconsortium.org field. www.isn.ethz.ch

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Distribution of tasks

and responsabilities ABBREVIATIONS

THE PARTNERSHIP WITH NATOinvolves two THE DDPS on the other hand focuses mainly DCAF Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces Federal Departments: Foreign Affairs on improving the army’s capability for mili- DDPS Federal Department of Defence, Civil Protection and Sports (DFA) and Defence, Civil Protection and tary cooperation with other partner states, DFA Federal Department of Foreign Affairs Sports (DDPS). The strategic guidelines for and making Switzerland’s military know- EADRCC Euro-Atlantic Disaster Response Coordination Centre Swiss policy are formulated by an interde- how available. EAPC Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council partmental coordination commitee which, At a time when the threat of terrorism GCSP Geneva Centre for Security Policy once these have been approved by the and alarm over weapons of mass destruction Federal Council, is also responsible for their are of major concern, the services of the GICHD Geneva International Centre for Humanitarian Demining implementation. A permanent interdepart- civilian wing of the DDPS are increasingly ISN International Relations and Security Network mental office EAPC/PfP supervises the in demand. This is especially true of the KFOR Kosovo Force affairs of the Partnership for Peace on a day- section for civil defence, which contributes NACC North Atlantic Cooperation Council to-day basis. its expertise to international efforts to offer NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organisation better protection from disasters. OSCE Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe THE DFA’S main concerns include areas PFP Partnership for Peace requiring civil know-how such as the A PERMANENT MISSION AT NATO HEAD- SWISSCOY Swiss Company strengthening of international humanitarian QUARTERS in Brussels ensures that Swiss law, small arms questions, the democratic views are made known to NATO members UN United Nations control of security structures and efforts to and other partner nations through direct combat terrorism. It also deals with the coor- contacts. Switzerland is also represented in dination of crisis management and in partic- various committees and takes part actively ular with civil emergency planning, in which in the shaping of the Partnership. The cooperation between civilian and military Mission ensures that the Swiss authorities authorities is an important aspect. are kept informed on developments and trends in the area of security policy. This is especially important in times of crisis when a rapid response is essential. The Mission is headed by the Ambassador to Belgium. Military experts are on hand to deal with questions of military cooperation.

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PUBLISHED BY: Federal Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA), www.eda.admin.ch Federal Department of Defence, Civil Protection and Sports (DDPS), www.vbs-ddps.ch

CONTACT AND FURTHER INFORMATION: Interdepartmental Office EAPC/PfP c/o Directorate for Security Policy Bundeshaus Ost, 3003 Bern Telephone +41 31 324 50 05 Fax +41 31 323 20 57 www.pfp.admin.ch

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PHOTO CREDITS AND COPYRIGHTS: Cover, page 7 and 15: Jeanmaire & Michel Page 8/9: Magnum Photos / Elliot Erwitt Page 10/11: Swiss World Atlas / © CDIP Page 12/13: DDPS / Page 16: J&M / Simon Opladen Page 18/19: Laif / Ursula Meissner Page 20/21: Keystone / Science Photo Library / Dr. Klaus Boller Page 22/23: J&M / Simon Opladen Page 24: DDPS / Centre for Electronic Media Page 26/27: Magnum Photos / Peter Marlow

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September 2004 Umschlag_RZ 30.09.2004 16:14 Uhr Seite 1

Die Schweiz und die Partnerschaft für den Frieden ü e Frieden den für Partnerschaft die und Schweiz Die iePbiaindsitreatmnae üo AC PfP Eine Publikation des interdepartementalen Büros EAPC/