: No.6 MAY 17, 1969 PRICE 35 PAISE

On Other Pages EFFECTS OF AN ENORMITY 2 pURISTS may disapprove of the American variety of the English lan- om Delhi guage, but it is not wIthout its, uses. In the first week of this month, HER ARMS BONANZA the U.S. authorities announced that they had lost a total of some 2,600 M A POLITICAL CORRES- helicopters in the Vietnam war and that the losses had been the heaviest 6 in recent weeks. This, an American military spokesman said, was due to "the enormity of the operation"'- Probably he meant enormousness, but most people in the world would perhaps find "enormity" more appropriate; for in the English language the only meaning of "enormity"-to quote an authoritative dictionary-is "monstrous wickedness; crime". The crime continues, but with mounting failure. So disastrous have been the effects of the enormity that Mr Clark Clifford, the former U.S. Secretary of Defence, had recently to admit before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee that during his 11 months in office he had been increasingly disillusioned about the progress of the American war effort in Vietnam. He went further to state that at present the USA was in a hopeless military situation. It would be interesting to hear the comments of those-not only in America but also in other countries, including India-who had been claiming that the North Vietnamese and Vietcong operations had been total military failures, the dying spasms of a shattered people. It is really remarkable how much has changed. Even a few months ago, the Americans would not even look at the National Liberation Front's programme for a political settlement in South Vietnam; before the famous Tet offensive, there was even talk of the Americans and their puppets fight- ing the war to the finisb-Mr McNamara had indeed specified dates by which American troops would return home after fuUilling their mission. There is talk of troop withdrawals even tod~y, but without any suggestion of the job having been done. The American fighters for Asian freedom are getting desperate to go home before the going becomes still more pain- ful. So the latest NLF plan, only an elabor~tion of principles enunciated earlier, is no longer unworthy of attention. Naturally, Washington finds Editor: Samar Sen some NLF proposals still unacceptable, but what is impor ant is that it has also discovered in the NLF plan elements which-as Mr', . iIliam Rogers, AT MODERN INDIA PRESS. A SUBODH MULLICK SQUARE, Secretary of State in the Nixon Administration put it last ", ek-"might A·13 AND PUBLISHED WEEKLY offer a possibility for exploration". And from Saigon's representative in Ai SEN FROM 61, MOT1' LANE, CALCUTIA-13 Paris has now come the quite astounding statement "y!e do not • ~ject out

\ of hand any proposal or suggestion." The U.S. In Japan Okinawans is running out. S - , coming visit to Washington to . This is not all that the enormity has the fate of Okinawa is crucial an done to those who have perpetrated Nobody is certain what lies in Okinawa fingers are being kept eros What th it. After the Vietnam experience, store for Japan in 1970 when the fOr the day. There are, howe ill reco "the mood of the American people is U.S.-Japanese Security Treaty is reasons to expect a change in A for a s to take a hard look at the limits of scheduled to be reviewed. Only Mr can policy \O.wardsOkinawa. Itsstr tates lfin 1 U.S. military power in the world." Sato knows that the year is not going gic importance has been progres~ uestion. This is the conclusion of Louis Harris to be particularly ple.asant for him. devalued by the horizontal and ve ion.~ res who conducted, on behalf of Time The series of demonstrations that have cal breakthrough made by ICBMs 00 has magazine, a survey of American convulsed Japan since January 1968 the orbiting bomb. If the Vietn Gandhi's opinion as affected by the course of have given him ample foretaste of war ends, that would also reduce Parliament the war in Vietnam. Some of the things to come. Even on the personal importance of the B-52 base nothing is lfindings - are likely to give sleepless level he has to sneak into the airport Kadena. Washington cannot tates h nights to people in many parts of the through the backdoor while travelling overlook the danger of running a b pressure. world, not excluding India, who still abroad, not to speak of the honourable surrounded by a hostile population. ernments hope to meet the communist menace guests from Washington who have to the formid with the support of American might. be "as heavily guarded as a bullion The American attitude towards crores, OJ If North Korea continues to capture shipment": Mr Sato must have Japan-U.S. Security Treaty is, howe forced to u.s. spy-ships or shoot down U.S. noticed that the American decision to less clear. Tokyo on its part does well. Occ aircraft, no more than 21% of the re- return 50 of the 148 military bases in appear to be particularly eager to defaults, presentative sample of Americans in- Japan to the Japanese Government comp~ny with the Americans. mony; als~ terviewed by the Harris team would early this year has not abated the fury same bunch of warmongers menon of favour their country risking nuclear of the students, workers and peasants. bombed Pearl Harbour are now back wit war. If South Korea is invaded by The bluff of returning "military bases" encouraged, by a curious turn of obtained communist military forces from out- like a few rusting air-strips, golf tory, by the "heroes" of Hiros . this has side, no more than 33% would sup- courses or laundry was called. The U.S. and Nagasaki to go in for the bo Union Fi port the use of American military air force continues its marauding and Renunciation of a:few more unimpo up an force in its defence; for Taiwan~ the spying missions from Japanese bases ant bases might well form part of superiorit support would be from only 26%; for ---

2 running out. contrary, the Centre has made use of Washington to Centre As Thief th-tse funds for sorting out its own Two-Level Existence awa is crucial an ways and means position . . are being kept c at the Fifth Finance Commission Clearly, the Constituqon has been A correspondent writes : !There are ho , recommend-if anything at all flouted. At the practical level too, On May Day, Mr Dange's All In- ct a change in r a stable re-ordering of Centre- what has been the Centre's opportunity dia Trade Union Congress joined ds Okinawa. Its S lesfinancial relations is an open has meant that much of financial de- hands with the Jana Sanghites to bas been progre lion. The battle over the alloca- privation fOr the State Governments. organise a "workers" rally. Here in horizontal and ,.qfresources for the Fourth Plan The extent of the Centre's default is West Bengal, a particular former Chief made by ICBMs has only bene joined. As Mrs the extent to which the States ~have Secretary,' who had served the Con- ,b. If the Vie ndhi's statement last week in been forced to borrow additionally gress party for long years truly and ould also reduce liament shows, in her lexicon, from either the Centre or the Reserve well, is appointed Special Adviser he B-52 base hingis final. But, meanwhile, the Bank, or to look around for alterna- to the United Front Government. Igton cannot tes have continued to be under tive modes of financing. Nor is the In Parliament~ members belonging rer of running a sure. On paper, the State Gov- plea that since in any case money! col- to the different parties make a hostile populatio ents ~gether owe to the Centre lected as advance tax is to be subse- great show of being furiously anta- formidable sum of nearly Rs 5,000 quently distributed to the States gonistic towards one another and one attitude towards res, on which they have been following the finalisatipn of assess- another's point of view; come sun- Tr~aty is, howe ed to payout interest charges as ments, the latter have lost nothing down~ they are seen exchanging cama- on Its part does , Occasionally, there have been substantively, is enough of an apolo- raderie in the same clJIb or cellar. ularly eager to aults, and, in consequence, acri- gia. For the issue is in regar:d to Ideology is already reduced to be- ~ Americans. ny; also the by flOW familiar pheno- deprivat\d,R in the interim, and the ing something to be worn on only warmongers non of old Central loans being paid burden of interest Charges implicit in special occasions and not to be flaunt- our are now k with the help of fresh loans this deprivation. Besides, at the rate ed round the clock. Ideology, that rious turn of ained from, again, New Delhi. All at which New Delhi has been injecting is to say, is more for the sake of " of Hirosh' 's has been grist to the ego of the inflation into the system, all money to record, a species belonging to the in for the bo nionFinance Minister, who has kept be paid in future will be, in real terms, genre of labelling which makes it easy w more unim an abrasive attitude of moral so much less money compared to what to identify x from y. But nothing form part of against the •• periority vis-a-vis the State Govern- it will be today. more than that. Convictions need nts. Nobody has bothered to re- not be followed through, because, in " The milit , d him that the behav.}our of the None...of this, of course, condones the first place, they are perhaps not do not have ates ill relation to the Centre is no the fact that, in the majority of instan- even there. Jargon is necessary to to Governme rse or no better than the demeanour ces, the States have been managing please the crowds, to keep in trim the 'har~ the faith their finances in a scandalous fashion rank and file; they are however not for ed by Myam New Delhi itself in relation to or the fact that a big part of empirical transliteration; that would uld be thro veral of the credi~ nations, abroad: be silly, that would be akin to flouting "notice" after is all in the image of God. the problem of resources for the States ctory. That is due ~ their class-biased relucta~ce the compulsions of objective factors. : interested But is it that, till now, the story of to tax the rural rich. But moral The leadership therefore exists, e demonstr entre-States financial relatIons has superiority as aired by Mr Morarji simultanrously, at two levels: at the revision of t en told in an unduly one-sided Desai ought to be out. The founda- level of cliche-mongering, with much e frenzied p anner? For last week there was the tion of a federal financial structure is sprouting of revolutionary abracada- bile the Ja rUing revelation that in its turn, the the assumption that trus~ begets trust; bra, and at the level of bourgeois civi- DW reporte entre too owes money-and heavily the federal entity will be respected lity, where class enemies have a way ivil war ne to the States. It seems the Centre and listened to iO)llyif the federating of converting themselves into ardently : Forces' ha s defaulted on payments to the entities know that they are being dealt loyal advisers. To establish a bridge roi. With t late Governments' to the tune of al- with fairly and in a spirit of give-and- between the two levels of existence is s to learn fro ost Rs 400. crores, being the amount take. Once howev6r suspicion gains not as frightfully difficult as might irts were f advance lUcome tax GOllections. ground that the Centre is practising appear prima facie. Man being a ay upsur~ hat is worse, it has done so on the maLa fides, the federal arrangements rational animal, the awkward kinks iters the eki y. Apparently the money credited are bound to crumble. It is the be.• in a frame of logic can be easily , popul~r ve~the last sixteen years by thousands ginning of this decay that we are wit- smoothened; a few obfuscating quo" II this is f lUcome tax assessees. , as advance nessing now. From begging and tations from the scriptures, and it has fpun yment to the autho:nties has not bonplwing, the Union Government has would be established to the satisfac- lical studen en. tr~nsf~rred to the divisible pool now migrated to outright stealing. It tion of most of ~e_ rank and file that, n 1970 a r dlstnbutIon to the States under the is a new role, and, to mark the occa- once subjectivis~~ shed, ideological ed revo~ rovisions of Article 270 of the sion, on the marquee one could as adversaries are tt. , staunchest of onstituti()~. No rendering unto Caesar well inscribe; the Union Government friends. Those who eep on demur- hat belongs to 'taesar here. On tlW as Thief. ring can e ex eUed.

3 FRONTIER

Suppose those who are hounded women 'victims' of Rabindra Sarobar cogging. The thankless job woul second 1 out gather umbrella of a new party. were produced by the Congress. That invariably fall upon the unwillin cstant s In the beginning, it will of course be the l¥>ld of the United Front has in- college teachers. Not unnaturally Paisley declared that it is going to be a new creased is shown by the large number they take the Jine of least resistance.month p kind of party, uncompromising in of voters who went to the polls and Some are not brave enough to faceth last Nov ideology, radical to the core, and the the impressive margin of Mr Menon's music, if they try to stop the 'unfai civil ri rest of the usual auto-compliments. victory-while in the mid-term election means', out on the streets. Some ~ intervene No doubt, the younger generation, the UF secured a margin of about that unfair questions cannot but and Catli who are yet innocent of the artifice of 10,000 vptes over the Congress in the answered by less than unfair means. donderry' two-level existence, will start flocking seven Assembly constituencies, that of There is a paint in the latter rivals. to the new organisation. But we have Mr Menon is over 100,000 votes. In view. Why does a question-sette Ulster C been here before. Despite the con- the Kharagpur town constituency which set a question which can be answeredwholly co cept of dialectical progress, the fact had returned a Congress candidate, by copying from a book? Why should wooped I remains that the new party too will Mr Menon secured a majority of more the University continue a method of vice of consist of leaders with the same class than 13,000. The th;ought of what education that st!esses cramming and Ulster w background as of those manning the would happen if parliamentary elec- nothing but cramming? If the analyti-power sta parties of yester years. To have a tions were held now must be haunting cal facuIties of students are put at a ork and 1 new mould of the old organism may many Congress leaders, both here and discount, it is but natural that students ition agai be departure of a sort, but whether at the Centre. In the Corporation would try to pass the examinations er, Capta it is a revolutionary departure depends elections also, the Congress is being by cramming Or the next best method reform pr upon the particular definition of the reduced to a milflrity. But the gar- --copying. ote bega expression 'revolution', which in turn bage will remain. That is the trouble Some colleges are reported to have arty, whi depends upon the person or persons with us. The people may be wise when resorted to a novel method to ensure oved fu rendering the definition; some may they vote. But the political garbage the physical safety of their invigilating he. P~is1eyl even say it depends upon the time of remains. teachers. Members of student unions elf mflue the day. have been requested to assist the invi. ency lev Does it mean then that, once and gilators. Those students who, of late, for all, we have to abandon all hope? Watchman On Campus would not brook any threat to peace Even while we are· groping for an in the State, have gladly volunteered. answer to the query, in the interim. This is the season for Calcutta Styling themselves as examination it is impossible not to wail over the University examinations and the watchmen, they come to examination immense waste of investments involved University authorities feared trpuble. halls ten minute before the answer· in the whole process. Time after The reason is short supply of invigi- books are distributed and issue dire time, a skilled organisation is built. lators. Even in a land of unemploy- warnings to candidates to the effect cadres are trained, a certain quota of ment, no one seems eager to earn 'five that any disturbance in hall or attack enthusiasm and expectation is germi- bucks from a:pleasant saunter through on invigilators would rebound. In some nated in the system. Then, as a rows of benches for six hours. Gone notorious locales, during the last exa- breathtaking illustration of the dis- are the days when semi-educated men mination session, the threat paid' good economies of scale, the past invest- did not feel ashamed to swagger dividends and no chairs or heads were ments are mauled and dismantled, and among students sitting for higher broken. everything started afresh. Whether mathematics or Latin; the time used Whether this should be considered the setback from aborted investments to be even exciting fOr some who de- student participation in academic mat· will be more than compensated by the lighted. in detecting underhand prac- ters or sublimation of the hooligan gains through the claimed-for ideolo- tices. Not so these days. The instinct is for the Syndicate to decide. gical advance is something which only invigilators who try to stop what has the future could tell. But if the future come to be known as unfair means is going to reveal itself as the replica can do so only by· risking their limbs. Ulster of so much past history, we would Their reluctance to take up the job is, prefer to play hooky. however, differently interpreted by the The W()lfstriots for many years Syndicate members who consider that have led to political changes in five rupees as honorarium is inadequate Ulster during the past few weeks. If Midnapore and discouraging. They recommend the condition of the disenfranchised an increase. and impoverished Catholic minority The Midnapore vot~rs have proved Things have come to such a stage remains unchanged, a spark could that they are matpr'e--they had no that it is highly doubtful whether an again set off a fresh wave of violence. ho,stility toward~' a man whom the increase would induce anyone to be plunging the six counties in a full· •.•.•-C"'Ongressdescribed as an outsider and an invigilator, particularly one who scale civil war. There has been street maintained cod heads even 'en soma feels indignant when a student goes on 'fighting in Londonderry, Ulster's 17, 196 -i .4 -< FRONTIER

job largest cTIy,"between the Pro- never believed in Captain O'Neill's has been reached with the acceptance he un . t storm-troopers of the Rev. Ian promise that within two years the by all progresslve sections that the for- , unnat y (he has just served a six- principle of one-man, one-vote would matiQn of a citizens army to defend and lSt resist prison term for illegal assembly be translated into law. Moreover, the protect the people of Ulster is now an :h to face November) and Catholics and proposals still leave the Catholics in a immediate priority. The civil rights p the' rights advocates. The police hopeless minority in most of the re- leaders are no longer saying that the :So Some ened when both the Protestants drawn local authority areas. Captain changes they sought could be achieved !finot but Catholics took positions on Lon- O'Neill's failure to inspire confidence by peaceful methods. Even Miss air means. erry's historic walls to stone the among Nationalist and Labour Opposi- Bernadette Devlin, MP, who only a the la s. True to its form, the Royal tion at: Stormont led to his inevitable few months ago said "no caUSe is le.Stion-se r Constabulary-a force almost defeat in the hands of the diehards in worth the loss of one life" recently be answe y composed of the Protestants- the Unionist Party. harangued the demonstrators to build Why.sho ped on the Catholics. The ser- There is now growing realisation barricades to defend themselves from method of British troops stationed in among the minority community that police attacks. There is already an lmming a r was requisitioned to guard mere electoral reform would not auto- opposition ready to deploy all sorts of the anal r stations, communication net- matically confer the long overdue basic protest techniques, including violence. re put at and reservoirs. Meanwhile, oppo- rights of fair allocation of jobs and 1at studen against the former Prime Minis- houses. The Unionist Party which Captain O'Neill resigned the Union- raminatio Captain Terence "Marne O'Neill's controls about 90 per cent of property ist Party leadersbip and Prime Minis- est meth programme of one-man, one- . in the provinces will never run short tership on his Q.wn admission tbat he began to mount in the Unionist of means for staying in power. Its had failed to fight out the ancient ed to ha ,which in recent months has political and religious bigotry has kept hatred between reigning Protestants to ensu d further to the right following divided the working class people of and the Roman Catholic minority. invigilatin Paisleyites' success in increasing Ulster and prevented the growth of His wish that some otbers might suc- ent union influence at ward and consti- any effectiye radical movement. But, ceed where he had failed borders on t the inv' y level. The Catholic leaders according to some reports, a new stage unreality. lO, of late : to pea lunteered aminatio aminatio ~ answer Friends, face the future without fear ,SSue di the eff Start saving, open a new frontjer. or attac In some last exa- aid' good ads wete

nsidered Saving is sutprisingly easy at nic mat- National and Grindlays. 100ligan You need only Rs. sf- for a start. decide.

years ges in AND BANK LIMITED ~ks. If NATIONAL GRINDLA YS lchised (Incorporated in the United Kingdom. Liability of members i&limited) tinority could THE BANK FOR ALL BIG AND SMAL. )lence, a full· street ,. NGB-29/6I [Ister's 5 difficult to resist the demand for View fmm Delhi pulated ar election as President because t at, be it ( is a few million marginal Harija over actio votes to think of in 1972. The p Another Arms Bonanza Last week CPI Press is heading the campai his intent for Mr Jagjivan Ram which shoul FROM A POLITICAL CORRESPONDENT tion partie prove a liability for him at the about it. cial moment. No one knows h other arms bonanza. The dizzy game dhi's lettl T needed Mr S. A. Dange's inter- left Mr J agj'ivan Ram is with h I goes round after round. What t~e sometime vention, according to CPI sources, predilection for gimmicks' like pa United- States did in the early fiftIes an exerCI to bring Mr Kosygin to New Delhi tial decontrol of sugar which soun lis being re~enacted in a change,d amendme last week and to be sure, it was more something like partial chastity. context by the Soviet Union. It is ties Act t, than 4 mere protocol visit. The The Congress thought it could p cheaper to get Asians to fight Asians, do not b Soviet Prime Minister failed to con- fitably put off the coalition issue f as ye olde Dulles knew long ago. thods wa vince New Delhi that there was a the present but the Presidential el Once the arms race has been start- ment the dialeotical compulsion underlying his tion forces on it the hard choice. ed on the sub-continent (the Soviet cott of el country's arms sale to Pakistan. So candidate' acceptable to all the par to make up for his failure, he promis- Union picked up exactly where the amendinl ties, .even if he is a non-party 111a United States left off after the 1965 tion in t ed another bonanza of military hard- can be ruled ~ut safely. J ayapraka meeting ware to India. Indo-Pakistani war) there is no sense Narayan would be acceptable to t in the talk of maintaining a "parity" Chavan I New Delhi must have realised the two socialist parties an'd Mrs Gandb Yet th efficacy of its own pressure tactics, or a "balance" between the t:wo would stand to gain by agreeing t portant especially in the context of the new countries. his choice. In that case the patte CPl (M) Sino-Soviet border tension. It is in Alongside, Soviet pressure for a of the coa'tition at the Centre woul rogance Moscow's interest to give away bigger Kashmir settlement seems to have be predetermined. The Congr belligere and bigger arsenals to keep the Asian been stepped up. The formula is would have to go with the PSP an the Nax confrontation alive. This is escala- nothing new. It had been mooted 'the SSP to be able to retain its m leader 0 tion at a higher level. The Soviet on several occasions in die past, by jority in the Lok Sabha in ]97 off the] Government even seems to have arriv~ the Americans first in a slightly dif- Certainly the communists would n lites we] ed at a ratio that needs to be main- ferent form and by the Russians agree to Mr Jayaprakash Naraya and not tained between India and Pakistan in lat~r. It involves "internationalising" Even the J ana Sangh would not agr was exa the matter of arms supplies. Eve_ry- the present cease-fire line with a few to his candidature. The communis have be thing will be within the broad matrix minor modifications which means have 'no candidate to suggest and The worked out. India gets more mili- legitim ising the status quo. :Wh~t- P. B. Gajendragadkar would not fin about, t \ tary hardware and Pakistan complains ever lies across the cease-fire lme m favour with the parties of the righ is Mr l and in turn gets more arms. India Kashmir goes to Pakistan and India Mrs Gandhi retains the initiati lieving feels perfectly ju~tified in voicing keeps whatever is in its administra- in the matter but she would,have thing b muted protests and the result is an- tive control at present. decide whom she would back an to carT) But New D~lhi ,is hardly un a 'which constellation of p~rtie~ s serious position to think of any gambit in 'would carry with her-the rIghtist Chavan this direction because belligerent J ana the leftist parties. This is where h A. I. E. action Sanghi opinion has been worked up personal equation with the two com fortnigl MiS, ASSOCIATED INDIAN ENTERPRISES to a high pitch against any such munist parties matters. She can t police settlement. A Prime Minister whose them into accepting anyone PRIVATE LTD Naxalit main preoccupation is her own sur- chooses and then confront the righ soil of Are vival in office cannot afford the risk. ist parties. about i LEYLAND MAIN DEALERS The Congress High Command, by Even if a contest is forced, the \' postponing discussion on the next for ing pattern is redictable now. candidate for Presidentship, has vir- party bosses can match their streng WEST BENGAL and BIHAR tually played into Mrs Gandhi's against Mrs Gandhi and assess f CALCUTTA, SILIGURI, PATNA, hand. Everyone seems to be talking themselves to what extent they a of one candidate or the other but RANCHI, MUZAFFARPUR relevant to the situation. There is Art Mrs Gandhi has not suggested any revolt against the bosses all roun 225C Acha.jya Ja,gadish name so far which means she i~ keep- making the Presidential election pic unless ing all her options open. Mr Jag- Bc.1e Road, ture rather confused. postag jivan Ram's crash campaign is slow- ~.... . tf! . Calcutta-20 ing down but the lea~ership should Naxalites . , be realising now that it would be Consensus IS a thing to

/ 6. had made the task of the Govern- ated and not a thing to be arrived Assam ment smoother. What the Government be it over the next President or found difficult to do even under "pro- r action against the Naxalites. A Protest March gressive" verbiage could be. done easi~y st week Mr Y. B'. Chavan declared by the missionaries from the pUl~It. intention to consult the Opposi- As the hilI people started growmg n parties abont how they should go ARUN KUMAR CHAKMA restless over many of their burning ut it. But following Mrs Gan- ECENTL y th~ t~ibal. people- of problems, the missionaries stepped up "s letter to the Home Ministry R Khasi and Jamba Hills took out their anti-communist activities, to the etime ago asking for some action, a two-mile-long procession at Shillong, great relief of the ruling class. But exercise has been going on. An the biggest ever in Shillong's history, even after so much good service, both endment to the Unlawful Activi- to protest against the Government. of the Centre and the Assam Govern- Act to cover political groups that India's decision to expel the foreIgn ment were compelled to conclude that not believe in parliamentary me- missionaries from Assam. Although it the missionaries were not the harmless ds was knocked together the mo- was a silent procession, the placards icons they were thought to be. The nt the Naxalites called for boy- they carried were eloquent: "We are first time the Government of India tt of elections in West Bengal. The hungry, who will feed us?" "We are came into a direct clash with the ending Bill is ready for introduc- sick, who will look after us?" "We are foreign missionaries was over the 11 in the monsoon session and the naked, who will clothe us?" "Retain Naga issue. Though this confrontation ting of Opposition leaders Mr the missionaries". To- many passersby did not last long, both parties found van has called is only a formality. the scene was macabre. Some <¥ them themselves facing each other again Yet the meeting will serve an im- were tempted to compare this protest from the same platform when the rtant political purpose. The march with the historic Civil Rights Naga rebels refused to play into the I (M) leadership, in its ,sheer ar- March in Washington' a few years hands of the foreign missionaries and ance of power, has been making ago, but perhaps it was not noticed preferred to follow a different line. igerent statements about crushing by many that there were thousands, It was not the displeasure of the axalites. And a United Front most of them young, amongst the Government as such but the pressure der of West Bengal went crazily marchers who were whistling gaily as from the Jana Sangh and the Ram- the rails when he said the Naxa- though unable to feel the depth of krishna Mission that compelled the es were a problem for the Centre the demonstration while others mecha- Government to take the apparently d not the State Government. This nically caught the refrain. Some drastic step against the foreign mis- as exactly what Mr Chavan must elderly potato-growers were talking sionaries. The Jana Sangh's anti- ve been waiting for. -about bazaar prospects. The rear of Muslim prejudices alone could not The justification for the urgency the procession was formed by rural make thjngs easier for its entry into ut. the proposed amending Bill folks whose all too bony faces lacked Assam politics in spite of backing Mr Chavan's contention that be- the lustre of the known faces forming by some important Cabinet members ving in armed revolution was one the .vanguard. They seemed eager to of the Assam Government. Hence the ing but forming a political party grasp the meaning of the procession. Sanghites raised the issue of' the mis- carry out such a programme was a Young girls were donning the smartest sionaries when the anti-reorganisation rious matter. In the past, Mr of their clothes, casting curious glances sentiment engulfed the Valley. There avan had talked of a political around every now and then. All the were also sinister rumours from the tion to fight the Naxalites. A bare same it was a protest march. Ramkrishna Mission maharajs as rtnight ago in Faridabad he said the For some time past there has been the prospects of Christian missionary lice force was no answer to the an undercurrent of disquiet among the activities became brighter. The rela- axalites who thrive in the fertile Christian tribes about the pretty old tion between the Ramkrishna Mission il of injustice. But he is going. topic of foreign missionaries. It now and the Christian missionaries which bOlltit with a new sense of urgency. seems to have left a trail of bitterness had never been warm deteriorated May 11, 1969 amongst a section of them, not be- and touched a new low when the cause they should be genuinely con- former successfully resisted the is cerned with it, but because the Gov- RKM's move to open a school at NOTICE ernment of India has done much to Shillong. Even the Governor and muddle the issue. Sometimes vacu- Ministers, big business magnates and Articles cannot be returned ous emotions have also been worked major-generals ,and brigadiers who nless accompanied by return up over it by the so-called hill leaders used to take ther.. valuable time off tage. in collaboration with their foreign from night clubs'. devote it to ~he masters as a smokescreen to push the RKM failed to secur·. a plot for the '.., Business Manager problems of the hilI people into the proposed~school. So \1 en the RKM Frontier background. The foreign missionaries felt the net;l:1tb get rid of the foreign missionaries, help from the Jana San- econo • gh made the Government bend to NAXALBARI: sustai their will. wealt The hill people's exasperation over Between Yesterday And Tomorrow-I Itn the Government's decision is not without reason, especially when some propo other agencies, no less dangerous, are SUMANTA BANERJEE- the la ~eeking to fish in the troubled waters. the im The question of one's religious faith THE Naxalbari movement that be- lion did not possess a strip of land for mists' apart, the Ramkrishna Mission maha- . gan as a heroic upsurge, al- supplementary occupation. About repaid rajs are no match fOr the foreign though abortive, back in May 1967,' 4.35 million were attached labourers valence missionaries so far as their modus now seems to be dominated by city- contractually tied up with prosperous But operandi is concerned. While the bred adolescents who shout the bor- peasants. the UP foreign missionaries prefer to 'serve' rowed language of popular insurrec- In spite of the appalling exploita- Or can e the destitute, the Ramkrishna Mis- tions. Some think that the rot set in tion, little has been done among agri- lem in sion prefers to serve the wealthy be- when the centre of the struggle shifted cultural labourers by the communist framew cause they are realists enough to ac- from the countryside to Calcutta, that parties compared with their trade yond wi cept that poverty is not god's glory. the revolutionary organization which it union activities in the industrial field. said ab It was the foreign missionaries who sought to create has been rapidly swal- The Kisan Sabhas remain dominated the seco came 'lirst to the hill regions to 'serve' lowed by the routine of Bengali middle- by the middle pe.asantry. The organi- that the people who were rotting in 'Poverty class political life. . zation of agricultural labourers is al- governm and disease and were being trampled Yet, if we return to the source of most non-existent. ed by " underfoot by the then feudal lords. the Naxalbari movement, we may find It goes to the credit of those among for prev They were given the Bible but they that the spring is still ready to spout. the communists, now known as "extre- tion, fix were also given food, clothes, medicine The problems that gave birth to the mists", that they had the foresight to of surplu and education, and the feudal lords movement are not only a living reality 'Iealize that any revolution in India sures wh were shown how to hold in firm grip but are fast maturing into a crisis and would have to be spearheaded by the character the exploiting machinery. may throw up a series of similar up- rural proletari_at who, more than the what has In any case, the protest march of risings in the near future. industrial urban workers, fit into the Reform the hill people is significant in the con- The United Front Government may role assigned by Marx for the revolu- mission." text of the problems they are facing congratulate the people of West Ben- tionary proletariat of 19th century of the C today. The marchers raised some gal on their rejection of the Naxalite Europe-"the workers have nothingto proaches 1 very basic questions in which we are call for the boycott of elections, but lose but their chains." How an all equally involved. We need food, it has yet to find an answer to the fun- In under-developed countries like West Ben~ clothes, medicine and education, but damental question brought to-the fore India, the rural proletariat consisting der which that we have to depend on some agen- by the Naxalbari uprising and also by of the landless and sharecroppers are ing ceiling cies for all this is the greatest tragedy its own experience during its nine- the worst exploited. The industrial only dete of our time. It is a truism, however month regime in 1967. The question proletariat, particularly in the public of the bur cruel, which the hill people cannot also is : how far can parliamentary reforms sector today, suffers less as a result of of vested' escape. The fight for food is on bring West Bengal nearer to the radical the manipulative capacity of the trade rich \peasal throughout the world. Even the mis- solution for which the country's basic unions to wring some palliatives for take the he sionary sermon, whether RMK or problems have been crying out? them from the management or the block or de Christian, which normally ends with To begin with, the Naxalbari move- State. In 1950-51, an agricultural legislation u a diatribe against communism as the ment threw a fierce light on the cob- labourer family's annual per capita in- classic case epitome of horror, could not prevent webbed, discreetly shadowed corner of come in West Bengal was Rs 160 Zamindari the Vietnamese from fighting the im- India's socia-economic life-the world against Rs 268 of an industrial la- the Bihar perialists and their lackeys on whose of the landless labourers and share- bourer's family. (Dr B. Ramamurti- successful t charity they are asked to live. And it croppers fast being reduced to one of Agricultural Labour). were in ()bs is a fight thrust on us by the course the landless. The mass of these peo- related by , of history and we all are inescapably ple, looked down upon by Leftist par- Basic Question Daniel Than involved in the agony of winning this ties, dismissed till recently as serfs be- Quite understandably, the industrial 1956 found 'light. yond redemption from the influence of workers are not so much concerned Bihar legislat the landed gentry, remained at a dis- with the acquisition of political power of the prin FRONTIER is ~ ailable from tance from the main current of politi- as with gainipg a fair share of econo- tion, the maj~ S;UNIL KU~R MAHANTA cal struggles. mic wealth. On the other hand, a Bihar were i According to a Government of India change in the lot of the agricultural Collectorate ~Compounq., lands," (D. survey, out of 16.3 million agricultural worker is bound up with the basic Prospect in 1 P.O. Balurghat, ~najpur labour hoseholds in 1?56J], 9.4 ~- question of changing the entire rural While the FRONTIER

set-up which is at present rian legislation through popular com- structure of the rural society will re-' tall1lOg the growth of economic mittees as envisaged by the UF Gov- main the same, marked by the age-old alth in the urban pockets. ernment might eliminate to some ex- exploitation by traders, moneylenders It may be argued that the UF Gov- tent the distorting control of the bu- and monopoly capital in the form of -1 ment, on' assuming power in 1967, reaucracy, what can effectively cripple unequal exchange between town and roposed to alleviate the sufferings of the recalcitrant group of rural vested country. e land-hungry cultivators, but that interests, who can always fall back in The measures of the UF Govem- e impatience of the N axalbari 'extre- cas~ of any emergency on the sacro- ment therefore, however benevolent its' compromised those plans; they sant legal system, riddled with lacunae they might be, will not change the basis paid with black ingratitude the bene- and moth-eaten by time? of the social structure of the Bengali Icnce of the Government. As for the law on ceiling, it needs village, which alone can guarantee the But let us here pause to ask what reconsideration. (The Jpresent law success of any land reforms. e UF Government could have done presupposes a ceiling on existing hold- exploita- can even do now, to solve the prob- ings that would preserve the small and Seizure of Power ong agri- m in the existing administrative middle landholders and rich peasants. It is in this perspective that the lmmunist amework? Its aims will not go be- Since more than 60% of the land- Naxalbari uprising assumes import- ir trade nd what E. M. S. Namboodiripad holdings in India are under five acres, ance. It was no a movement for the :ial field. id about land reforms on the eve of the fixation of the ceiling at 25 acres occupation of land as made out to be )rninated e second general elections. He hoped in West Bengal might lead to further by some of its friendly critics, but ~ organi- t the installation of an alternative concentration of the land in the hands went beyond the limited aim of land rs is al- vemment in Kerala would be follow- of landlords and the rich peasantry redistribution by giving the call for the by "legislative measures providing through the bankruptcy of small pea- seizure of power. The plan, according ~ among r prevention of evictions, rent reduc- sants forced to sell their lands. / to its leader, Mr Kanu Sanyal, was to ; "extre- on, fixation of ceilings, distribution The UF Government, therefore, smash once for all the village feudal Isight to f surplus and waste lands, etc.-mea- would be required to carry out a law society and create peasants' bases to 1 India res which are so modest in their inherited from its predecessor-a run the administration. No wonder, by the baracter that they do not go beyond landlord-bourgeois ruling clique. The one of the main aims of the move- han the hat has been agreed to in the Land real purpose of the law was to convert ment's 1O-point programme was to oto the eform Panel of the Planning Com- the landlords and rich peasants into cancel the hypothecary debt, lying like revolu- ission." (Agrarian Reform-a study landowning farmers of the' capitalist an incubus upon the landless labourer century f the Con!?ress and Communist ap- type. and daily growing upon him. (Kanu hing to roaches 1956). In spite of a ceiling granting ade- Sanyal's Report on the peasant move- How are these to be implemented in quate breathing space to the rich pea- ment in Terai, November 1968). ~s like West Bengal? The conditions un- santry, the latter lost no chance to This task the UF Government would Ilsisting er which agrarian legislation, inc1ud- cheat the Government of the surplus have found difficult to accomplish, ~rs are g ceiling laws, are enforced, are not land it owed to the West Bengal State clogged as it was by constitutional and lustrial nly determined by the omnipotence under the Estates Acquisition Act. legal inhibitions. Since it accepted the public f the bureaucracy, but the opposition According to a study undertaken at premises of the bourgeois State-- suIt of f vested interests, the jotedars and the instance of the Research Pro- order, constitutional limits, parliamen- : trade ·ch \peasantry, who at every stage grammes Committee of the Planning tary procedure, etc-to wrest power, ~s for ake the help of some law or other to Commission, about 105,000 acres it now finds itself difficult to bypass )r the lock or delay the implementation of might be estimated to have been trans- them. llltural egislation unfavourable to them. The ferred mala fide during 1952-54 for In this context, the next important ita in- classic case is that of the fate of the evading ceiling restrictions. (Land question raised by the Naxalites de- s 160 Zamindari Abolition Bill enacted by Reforms in West Bengal by S. J.{. serves notice-the problem of work- 11 la- e Bihar Assembly in 1948. How Basu and S. K. Bhattacharya). ing with an administration which is a llrti- successful the zamindars of Bihar As a result, till 1965, the State legacy from the past, which assures a were in obstructing its enforcement is Government was able to secure only very perfect conservation of anti-peo- related by the American scholar, Mr 7.76 lakh acres as surplus, out of ple, outmoded ideas. With its enor- Daniel Thorner who, visiting Bihar in' which 4.35 lakh acres were leased out mous bureaucratic and police organiza- [strial 1956 found: "Eight years after the on a year to year basis to the peasan- tion, with a host of officials, this ap- ~rned ihar legislature voted its acceptance try. This would hardly be enough to palling parasitic machine enmeshes the lower of the principle of zamindari aboli- satisfy the West Bengal peasants' land body of Indian.. society like a net and :ono- ion, the majority of the zamindars of hunger. chokes all its p~ es. d, a iliar were in legal possession of their Even after they become owners of During the nine .months of its stay tural ands," (D. Thorner-The Agrarian tiny, uneconomic holdings, the condi- in office in 1967, thti UF Government basic Prospect in India.) tion of the peasantry will not improve found it£elf being f ped into the tural While the decision to enforce agra- perceptibly, because the ~ld feudal morass uf,G,~ present administrative .I system. This time it may atone for The Student Lefti'st doesn't bother him one bit. One they its past mistakes of not removing no- could speculate endlessly .... there ley mana, forious officials, by overhauling the are types and types. inded an administration, particularly the disre- .DILIP SIMEON As a student, he is a parasite, and, ear them putable police force. But its powers while his father finances his bourgeois 11 youth are limited by the Constitution, drawn . THIS begins bravely but dete· education, he reflects on the rotten- e'll grow up under the duress of the British im- riorates into 'l sop. Like 'ness of society. It starts with anger e grows t perialists. We have seen already how most middle-class student leftists. . ... why should the productive pro. (the noti( the position of the Governor was used Pity the species. Their fathers, cess, with the .sapacity to produce verybody by the Centre to subvert the United income goes against them. But if enough for everyone, deprive the o how Cal Front Government. they weren't middle class, they majority of food and the basic neces- a underst;: Thus a pathetic paradox becomes in- would most probably not be stu- sities while the opulence of the mino- tand and evitable in the actions of the UF Gov- dents, either;- Nor would they be rity leads them to fritter away their easserts i1 ernment. It has to swear allegiance leftists. An amusing paradox. time devising means of spending their eftist till to the holy Constitution at every breath While he is a student, our middle- money? Full of indignation, our e fails to to gain permission from the Centre to class leftist can afford to ruminate. student leftist thinks of ways to elimi- pproachin rule West Bengal. At the same time, The more he learns, the further left nate the cocktail swilling socialites, is days. it has to demand amendments to the he goes. The more he learns, the the uncouth nouveaue-riche, the pom- isappear provisions of the Constitution to bring closer he gets' to that haven of pous bureaucr~ts, and the potbellied eaction. about radical changes in favour of the middle-class status-seekess, the bure- landlords .that make up the i'uling vhere he people. aucratic limbo that is the lAS. Or classes. He is still young and his re- ive up, As a result, we are entertained at the glamour-now-curses-Iater IFS. volutionary ire is not dampened by is ardou intervals ,with hair-splitting debates The future promises ennui, platitu- the realization, yet to come, that he aining bil about the powers of the Speaker and dinous mouthings in public, pointless will one day augment) t~~ir ranks. incendiary the Governor and exchanges of idle drawing~room conveI1sations, endless The system is all wrong I Capital is very mon phrases interpreting the contradictions pen-pushing: What has become of sick I The chorus inspires him. Gra- lessly plun of the Constitution-all quite far away our well-meaning hero? Where is dually his emotional commitment is .... the In lrom the problem of starvation. hi~ leftism'? Hundreds of millions replaced by a sober rationality-does trength The other stumbling block is the of people still walk in -hunger, not a study of economics vindicate oreign rea legal system. The I'tock-pile of archaic poverty, disease, ignorance the socialism? Does not history con~ defeat. ... ] laws is still exploited by the ruling rich get richer, the poor poorer . tain a movement generated by class middle-cIas class in defence of anti-people mea- the State is obviously an instrument struggles? Is not capitalism totally detach his sures. An anti-democratic judgment of class oppression .... but then, outdated and doomed to ultimate des- ttraction becomes sacrosanct once it is delivered, dammit, our hero is part of the truction? More middle-class leftists- he arduOl. it is immune to public protests. How State. Can he go further than coffee house Marxists and other The re can the UF Government hope to pro- sporadic sanctimonious outbursts of variegated armchair revolutionaries- ops. Dis~ vide the minimum relief to the people, radicalism--even as a student? Or encourage his beliefs. He looks to ops, stuck without first smashing up ~his holy can he ever shake off the tenacious leftist ,organizations, for he ,must f middle- o~~? I hold that 'cash' has on his brain? have the steady rock of a Party f their lh (To be concluded) Some of his species are already prepar- Which is Always Right. Bourgeois I still , ing to enter the ferocious tat race of socialism deludes him for a while, and eftisf ... '. perquisite-seeking called the Private if he is lucky, he will stay deluded. FRONTIER is available from Sector. Does his conscience say- But sometimes he sees through the CENTRAL NEWS AGENCY. declass yourself and join the Revolu- facade of incessant rationalizations or FRO tion on the side of the oppressed; and the plea-parliament is an ins- . P. ell 23/90 Connau?:ht ,Place or does it say-fool, give up your trument of the ruling classes,but you New Delhi-l leftism, or you won't be able to enjoy - might as well vote communist while Statesrnar your cash, that is, if you get any, at you're about it-infuriates him. All Steel Ma thi~ rate? Or does he shrug his politicians are the same I All politi- DurgapUl For FRONTIER readers in - shoulders and sink helplessly into cal parties, Swatantra to CPI (M) , are the mire of petty-bourgeois existence, working to preserve the status quo West India can contact muttering all the while, "It was true, But he is helpless. The parliamen. or FRO S. D. CHANDAVARKAR then, that matter has an influence on tary cretins are firmly entrenched. It ri PAB 10, Kanara Hotd mind?" Perhaps he tries to c~vince IQ.oks as though their clueless chan· himself that he is undergoing mental ting will go on forev~r. ssam T Mogal Lane, • ahim torture, that his conscience is pricking He cannot stand the naivete of his auhati-3 ~". .. him, while in reality revolution relatives, his friends. Why the hell Bombay-l 6 ."-> .. 't they understand? How do , manage to be so utterly shut Calcutta Diary deel and stupid? He can almost ;ite. and, r them say of him, "Never mind. lourgeoi youth is idealistic, anyway. • : rotten- 11grow out of it."Then, suddenly, PERSPIRATION. The odour of it. installed with air-conditioners. Beg- th anger grows up. I am mature, says he A dilapidated CSTC bus emit- gars, pickpockets, p91icemen in worn- tive pro- e notion is abstract enough; ting a morbid trail of black smoke. out uniforms, a hydrant leaking since produce ryboely is some sort of a neurotic. Burnt-out grass, dead grass, butts of morning. A sharp nor'wester. flood- rive the how can they tell?). He begins crushed cigarettes, rags, pieces of ing of streets, a couple of tired trees ;IC neces· understand why they can't under- paper, a quiet coexistence inside the come down on top of the power line. he mino· nel and anywaY--ID~s arrogance two parallel lines of the tram track. Talk of over-utilisation of capacity. ray their sserts itself-he shall remain a A three-and-a-half-storey building the civic facilities originally intended ing their ist till the end of his days. But which perhaps had got a coat of for eight hundred thousand now ex- on, our fails to see that the end is fast paint on the outside the last time in tended to eight million. Anti-thesis, to elimi- roaching, of his leftism, not of 1938, a, building which cannot quite human beings who are under-utilised, ocialites. days. If this is the case, he will decide whether it should crumble on- small engineering firms, retrenched the pom- ppear silently into the ranks of to the pavement right now or three- labour, unabsorbed young engineers. otbellied tion. If he realizes, however. quarters of an hour later. Revolu- Political parties who couldn't care le ruling re he is going, he ~ might just tionary truth on the wall. Or at less, incapable of caring more, the d his reo up, or try and re-invigorate least a version of iit. TIeggars. A books speak of situations in Russia 'ened by ardour .... The Americans are leper and his comely wife. SudiJenly or China or Cuba, no clue to Cal- that he ing billions of dollars worth of a tree, about twenty feet tall, thin cutta 1969. Clenched fists, Mao's r ranks. ndiary destruction on Vietnam branches all over, blushing with Red Book, violence in the air, to :apital is y month .... imperialism is ruth- flowers. Home-bound schoolboys, be met by matching violence, vapour, im. Gra- ly plundering the Third World pelting stones at one another. Market- the meaning of meaning. Teachers tment is .the Indian revolution is' gaining place, the blended odour of fish and in a procession, women with high fat ty-does ngth daily.... domestic and vegetables and unwashed human content addressing shrill meetings, ,indicate ign reaction will inevitably suffer species. Some counter-revolutionary society for the protection of ersatz ,ry con· eat .... Perhaps one in a thousand truth, this time. plastered across a uteruses. Clerks eqmilly incapable of by class ddle-class leftists shall successfuny film hoarding. Hindi make-believes, maintaining the ledger or manning 1 totally ach his mind from the magnetic possibly of Madras vintage, mini- the barricade, lack of nutrition, yet nate des- action of a fat salary and take on cholis and mini-saris, breasts sugges- th'e sprouting of spitfire vocabulary. leftists- arduous tasks of a revolutionary. tive of infinite elasticity. Crows, Wives alternating :between 1k\itchen I other he rest shall deteriorate into statutes with negative aesthetic quo- and lying-in, several who die before maries- s. Disgusting, bourgeois, liberal, tient, statues which cry out for Lohia- reaching thirty, children who go looks to , stuck with the "secure boredom esque removals. More poets per as,!ray. Lack .of nutrition, but ner- le ,must middle-class routine" for the rest square kilometre than even football vous energy comes ,marching !in, a Party heir lives. fans. A newspaper kiosk, poetry nervous energy expended in a}:mndon. ,ourgeois still am a middle-class student magazines by the dozen, more revo- Gang fights, chasing uncertalin-look- hile, and ist .... lutionary truth. Revolution in the ing, unsure girls, lack of food, but deluded. tropics, love in the tropics, writing tea-stalls abound, some migrate to ugh the insipid poetry in the tropics. The local liquor. The youth have to be Ilizations FRONTIER contact red triangle, the vulgar society, ethos revolutionised, pocketful of Lin Piao, an ins· P. CHATTERJEE travelling down from New Delhi. A revolution in the revolution, other but you tesman Office ration shop, the Law of the Green voices, other interpretations of insur .. st while Revolution, a morsel of another kind rectionary truth. A bank gets looted, im. All el ~farket of revolutionary truth-the more the unscrupulous journa;lists, journalists II politi- rgapur-4 success of the Revolution, the high- parading as philosophers, journalists (M). are er the price of wheat. Aspects of parading as statesmen, journalists us quo dialectics, facades, speeches at the who assume that between Tagore and .rliamen. FRONTIER contact Maidan and negotiations over lunch at them the history was a vacuum. The lched. It the Calcutta Club. Painted women law of revolutiona~'i' exposure, the ss chan- iPABITRA KUMAR DEKA, whom history has not yet caught up more uncompromising a revolution- m Tribune, with, golf, Saturday nights, the oasis ary, the greater the ha'}..kering for hati-3 of shopping during the indolent after- space in t'h~ haute bo~eois news- noon hours around Park Street, cars papers. The? other law, regarding FRONTIER

the immutability of energy: the more definition is superior to yours. More merrier. If so many try, never mi you expend on fulmination, the l~ss revolutionary posters, more than half- even if severally, we are bound r you have for the culmination. N 0- hidden by others invoking votes for arrive somewhere. Let la thousan torial body really worries about the culmi- the Corporation election. Power thoughts contend, each thought wil vem nation, the United Front is in Writ- grows, power grows in Writers' have a representation on West Ben utio ers' Buildings at least for five years, Buildings, po.wer grows at Durgapur, gal's United Front, or on the anti all's right with the world. The power grows as the bargadars get United Front, if only somebody gleam of 1972, from Hinelusthan Park settled on disputed [and not-soJdis- to set up one such. The worke ne to South Block, from Siligur.i to puted land. Power grows out of the couldn't care less, the students n t Srikakulam, young men in terylene barrel of a gun, whose gun, what couldn't care less, the clerks couldn' ng .• trousers, the Red Flag, the hammer barrel? Power grows as a Hindu pea- care less, the boxwallahs coulcln' aid and "the sickle, how many hammers sant refuses to break bread with his care less, the housewives couldn't ca 's su and how many sickles, the emancipa- Muslim neighbour, it grows as a less. The housewives care for chea nen tion of the peasantry, workers to Hindu worker joins the rogues and novelettes and cheaper-looking m down tools, workers hankering for the ragamuffins to demolish a mos- rons who appear in films. Yet th transistor 'radios, workers;' ;Who que, power grows as a Communist bulk of them will vote for a versio couldn't be bothered about whether Corporation Councillor presides over of communism, they cannot wait fa economism is the opium of tired the neighbourly Durga Puja Celebra- the Revolution to commence; lik souls. Students who have scored tion Committee, it grows as a party the namby-pamby of an Almighty i seventy per cent or more to have got comrade draws up the battle plan for the more atrocious of Tagore's poem admission to Presidency· College, the capture of the Cricket Association the revolution is all things to al some join the Baker Laboratory, of Bengal. Power grows in a zigzag Bengalis. Dust. Heat. Asphalt some sit for the lAS. Books, book- ambivalence, power also had grown in melting under: the feet. Roads in shops, the coffee house agog with Indonesia, at least till October 1965. horrible state of disrepair. Unite conspiratorial sounding gossip, girls Remember Mao Tse-tung's conversa- Front or no, Kanu Sanyal clutchin who combine poetry-writing with pro- tion piece, excellent, Comrade Aidit, the Red Book or no, some people in ing cessing of plastic bombs, girls from you have now so many men in Parlia- Jorasanko - Jorabagan - Burrabazar - Com refugee homes, boys on an uncertain ment and in the army, mais oui) but Bowbazar-Chowringhee continue t by M equipoise between sincerity and un- when are you going to the moun- mint money, they will offer you a rally 0

scrupulousness. Dusk, whining drizzle tains? Moun~ins of files, mountains kerb quotation even for the revolu- Most I of rain slush, mud and, smoke. Is it of revolutionary literature, moun- tion. It doesn't add up. Nothing that tli hopele;sness, o~ the lull before the in- tains of poetry. Poetry and drama does in Calcutta. South of Park erge a surrection, may be again an equi- and song and dance. Ah; where are the Street, here and there, residual but th poise. Dusk, Tagore songs amenable heroes of the Indian People's Thea- blotches of that peculiar cross a on tti to many interpretations, a crowd tre movement, they have not gone Victorian colonialism and Eisenhowe bari, t~ returning from a football match, a to the mountains, they have entered America, Chinese manufacturing sad. activitil minor riot, the hallmark of normalcy. the jungle, the jungle of careerism, looking shoes for years on end, pimp fined A free fight, a bus overturned, some the jungle of money. You need money splitting the takes with worm-ridde will be urchin run over, please, do not set for a revolution, a revolution is for Bhutani prostitutes, of all things, a Front fire to the bus or the approaching the even distribution of cash, money Hindi version of Ionesco before cor- ment. streetcar, Mr Jyoti Basu has been in- is life-soul. Another bank is looted, pulent 'upcountry' ladies in aircon have h formed, he is coming, he is going to the ripple reaches the women of easy ditioned splendour. Suddenly, a pro- and wa address you, he would urge you to be virtue, there are too many virtues at cession. Suddenly the splinters fly. more fj calm. Revolutionary calmness, dis\ work, an excess of virtuous definitions. Suddenly, some blood-letting. You China. cipline above all, the cadres must be It is the interchangeability of virtues ask the hawkers, two people got ed witli taught to be still and how not to be which should stop the crowd, enthral killed on this very spot in the ment a~ still. But too many red flags, ego the crowd, one never knew about this early afternoon, the hawkers couldn't from t~ colliding wi th ego, Bengalils---some- rich proliferation of non-antagonistic be more indifferent. Nothing leasing body points out-are three-quarters contradictions. Anything goes, every- adds up in Calcutta. Neithe failed t mongoloid. Eighty million of them thing goes into anything else: com- revolution nor rivisionism. Teither vising across the border, robust peasant stock, -munism, a government job, revolu- Satyajit Ray's alleged pretensions no party three-quarters :mongoloid. Never tionary speech-making, employment his acclaimed genius. Neither the b's ' . lIre mind the tropical- indolence, if the in an American advertising firm, poetry nor th e expenmental pays. I Vietnamese could achieve what Jhey producing a Bombay-type film, the Neither the potholes nor the glorious afwban : have done, hy not you, three-quar- Reel Book, forming yet another Com- 1 d 'h . 0 t e o ea~ er trees.. Nett er the slum-. rna d e ters mongo~;jd? Meanwbile, cadres munist Party. Like proposals for a dwe ler's listlessness nor the reputa- t must be t'.tught m.)' verS.ion of revo- new bridge across the Hooghly, every tion of the social butterflies. It is a back to lutionary truth, my revolution by day a fresh new party, the more the fearful, disturbing coexistence. Every. At leas FRONTIER

Iver min y mingling with everybody else, they are unemployed. I am a revolu- NaxaIites and confine them to the und running down Y in a morning edi- tionary, you an~ a neo-revisionist, darkness of neglect and isolation. thou an iaI, X going to Y's cocktail in the they are with me, they have been WhetUbe new party begins to act on .ught WI ning. Altogether, too many revo- temporarily hoodwinked by you. 1 its revolutionary beliefs and tries to Vest Be 'ons in the revolution. Nobody quote the Red Book, you quote the take the law into its own hands, Mr the an understand Calcutta, the incorri- Red Book, they couldn't care less. Jyoti Basu would be well advised to )ody car Ie, the impossible. Summertime. Yet they are the stuff of which revolu- do his duty. It is' the job of the worke e hundred nine degrees Fahrenheit tions are made. The blood is three- police to maintain law and order, and studcn the shade. A procession. A meet- quarters mongoloid. You are con- if Mr Basu entrusts it to his followers s couldn , The lnternationale. What Lenin fessing to your social-fascist instincts among the people at large, the Centre couldn d when. And why. My quotation by referring to the blood count. But will be failing in its duty if it does not lldn't ca superior to your quotation. I am I can counter you, revolutions in the intervene directly to meet the challenge for chca employed, you are unemployed, revolution .•.• to lay and order. The threat posed by Dking m the Naxalites cannot be treated as a Yet t private feud between Mr Basu and Mr a versio Kanu Sanyal or Mr Charu Mazumdar t wait fo to be settled in the streets by rival Ice; lik mobs. What happened on May Day Imighty i on the Calcutta Maidan should alert ~e'spoem Third Party Risks the Centre and indeed the country as a gs to a whole to the dangers ahead. Aspha COMMENTATOR Writing in a similar vein The Times ~oads in of India says Mr Kanu - Sanyal does Unite OST of the national _newspapers Basu does not take these ste'ps, the not feel beholden to Mr Basu because dutchin have been prompt in comment- Centre should intervene. he released him and his colleagues. people i on the formation of the third Noting that Mr Kanu Sanyal was The Naxalites regard the CPI(M) lrrabazar mmunist Party in India, announced largely, silent on the programme of the leadership as their worst enemy be- ntinue t Mr Kanu Sanyal at the Maidan new party The Indian Express com- cause; in their view it has betrayed the fer you Iy of the N axalites on May Day. ments sarcastically that it will cause <.Ji revolution and because it he rcyolu st of the papers do not concede perhaps be revealed on Chairman challenges their claim that they are Tothin t the Naxalites are going to em- Mao's birthday. Meanwhile, the paper the only true revolutionaries. The of Par e as a big force in the near future, says, it is possible to guess the action, battle is joined as far as the extremists rc idu t they all agree that the CPI (M) is programme, and tactics of the new are concerned. They neither seek nor , cross trial. Maybe because of Naxal- party. The revolution has been betray- will they give any quarter to their Eisenhowe i, they seem to presume that the ed by the tw~ communist parties and opponents. They have the blessings ivities of toe new party will be con- now Chairman Charubabu and Com- of China which will continue to .egg ed ma'inly to West Bengal and it rade Kanu Sanyal intend to set matters them on to greater and greater vio- t be more a problem to the United right and keep faith with the workers lence in the name of revolution and nt than any other State Govern- and peasants. The bourgeois institu- the thought of Mao Tse-tung. It is nt. For the Maidall clashes they tion of parliamentary democracy is not for the other side, principally the e held the new party responsible for them, and the only reliable vehicle CPI (M), to decide whether it is inter- warned that such clashes would be of revolutionary change is the armed ested in survival and how it proposes re frequent at the instigation of strength of workers and peasants, par- to fight back. But the CPI (M) leader- 'oa, Some papers have sympathis- ticularly the latter in a country where ship will be naive if it takes the roman- with Mr Jyoti Basu for his predica- the peasants form, an overwhelming tic view that the issue is wholly politi- nt and asked him to draw a lesson majority of the people. All this might cal and can be settled through a debate. m the fact that his gesture in re- sound a little mad but it would be a The Naxalites do not believe in the effi- mistake to ignore the signi'ficance of cacy of political debates. Power for sing the Naxalbari prisoners has the new Maoist party. Their capacity them grows out of the barrel of a gun. ed to mollify the extremists. Ad- to recreate N axalbari in rural pockets The activities of the N axalites consti 'ng him to be firm with the new in various parts of the country should tute a serious threat ~ law and order. It ty, they have reminded him of not be under-estimated. Mr Jyoti is the duty of Mr Jyoti Basu, the Home. responsibility for maintaining Basu talks nonsense when he says that Minister, to see that peace of th.,e State and order as the Home Minister his Government can curb the N axa- is not disrupted. 11

nct. It is their uncertainty and patriotic adventurers of the Left and Ehrenreichs point out that the Fren "Naxalites Communist Party played a reactionary cal'acity to see things as they are and the agents of foreign and Indian mono- ally led t realise what the people expect of poly on the Right to create the kind of role in the May 1968 events, that citizens, m that gives opportunity to anti- .confusion they :are able to today_ the German Social Democratic Party osters tha hounded out the radical SDS from its ared in cer ranks in the late 1950s, that Italian the mock- students do not identify with any of "revolut~n , the three left-wing parties, and that amboodiri· STUDENT REBELLION British student activism is sparked in the forma- I & Th U· . - part by disillusionment with the rul- ,st party b onfrontation : Student Revo t e niversitIes ing Labour Party. Confrontation is a balanced analysis DaYBatre ditors: Daniel Bell and Irving Kri~tol. New York, Basic Books, 1969. $5.95 ".t u un- of student activism, in the United ~varnings b ng March Short Spring : The Student States, from what has come to be les and th ' known as the "liberal Establishment" bec.ome. t Home And Abroad point of view. Most of the essays are JS actIOn 10 balanced and thoughtful, and the vo- This is so,ByBarbara and John Ehrenreich, New York. Monthly Review Press, 1969. lume provide~ perhaps one of the best 'ef-mongers, 1.95 sources of analysis of the crisis of the the desper. American university. Most of the misfits who THESE two excellent volumes ap- revolts to appear to date. critical issues in the area are discussed e of gaining proach the always exciting issue The Ehrenreichs make no pretence by well-known academics. Seymour ture. Theyof s!udent revolt from opposite points of "objectivity"-they are committed Martin Upset summarizes available lse they wi of view, yet are surprisingly comple- to the' values and politics of the Euro- research on the student activists. 1 and ex mentary. The Bell and Kristol book, pean student militants. They make Talcott Parsons, in a rather rambling ld conserva an expanded special issue of The the unique contribution of actually essay, discusses some of the sociologi- read alannPublic Interest, is basically critical of describing the substances of the stu- cal aspects of the American univer- engthen th tudent activism, while the Ehrenreichs, dent demands in the various Euro- sity, while Nathan Glazer takes a at any de- themselves student activists, write pean countries-a factor which many throughout after-view of the Berkeley d economic from a sympathetic viewpoint. Each scholarly analysts often ignore in their revolutions, and Daniel Bell and d to defend volume is looking at different aspects efforts to be "sociological." The crisis Roger Starr discuss the Columbia ,ducted by of the question. The essays in Con- in European higher education, created situation. Irving Kristol's proposal has to be frontation seek to understand and by the need for technological man- to restructure the university by giving the Left in analyse, mostly from the point of view power and the inability of the univer- grants to individual students rather ~y belong at of outside social scientists, the pheno- sities to make significant reforms in than to institutions is one of the most tic trends in menan of the student revolt-its the face of expansion of enrolments, thought-provoking essays in the book. ast and com- causes, the types of students who be- is a common theme in Western Europe. John Bunzel's chapter on "Black progressive come involved, and some specific case Long March, Short Spring links the Studies at San Francisco State" ex- ith any of studies. Long March, Short Spring, qniversity cQsis with the perceived presses the liberal's dilemma. Bunzel, le so-called on the other hand, is valuable pre- breakdown of parliamentary opposi- one of the earliest supporters of a politics of cisely because it describes-some of tions in West Germany, France, and black studies programme at the col- f the same the major student disturbances from Italy, and with internal development lege, later found himself attacked by :ialist, anti- the viewpoint of the movement itself. of radical student movements. The the militant black students and the IDd secretly It is strange, and highly significant ideological orientations of such groups white left for not going far enough. each othel:. as well, that there is a tremendous gap as the German SDS, the French Bound by traditional notions of the It be difIicluL between the analyses, as well as the March 22 Movement, and the British university. Professor Bunzel could not can be e ..- style, of these two books. Radical Student Alliance are described accept some of the implications of >urged anI Barbara and John Ehrenreich's short clearly, if a bit too simply._ student participation in decision mak- urn nation~ ~olume, which might have been titled Catalysis ing, and the increased politicalisation . Student Movements We Have Seen," The Ehrenreichs have no illusions of the university. democratIc' . .,. f h dd prOVIes an activIst s VIew 0 t e stu- labout the revolutionary potential of The contributors to Confrontation e op?os.e dent revolts in France, Germany, the student movements they discuss. analyse the -student revolt fr~m a that wIll m~ Italy, England, and the Columbia Uni- Students may be a catalyst for social variety of approaches-seeking to ~ the .core versity crisis of last year. The Ehren- change, but are usually unable to im- look at student- opinion, the ins~itu. c natIOnal reichs had an opportunity to speak to plement ..change tl}emselves. A good tional factors, backgrounds of activists, transform a-. European student leaders, and have deal of the revolutionary activism in and other factors. They give only day wastin' put together one of the most readable Europe has been stimulated, at least scant t~eatment to . e demands of . ". soteric con- and at the same time reasonably ana- in part, by the conservatism of the the activfsts, and sei IT. to accept ~ not under- lytic accounts of the European student traditional leftist political parties. The "given" the' criSis in which the society FRONTIER

~nds itself. The students on the per~onal freedom in China. In this shades of black and white and ake why does h 'other band, are unable to look be- film, it is useless to dwell on the other tones on photographic paper was ill' go over th yond the Vietnam war and the racial technical qualities. Everything is evident in almost everyone of the 48 oney, and then ra crisis to the abiding positive aspects muck-anly it is a pity to find or so luminos on view. Bakshi's ifine ved. They know of the university. To the activists, Waheeda rotting in Isu~ a guttar. sense of abstraction was also similarly re not wanted. the social crisis is everything, and if One thing still baffles me. How could seen in almost all the luminos and a dea of settling in the university must be disrupted or the censors, who are touchy on some few were of a superiOr order. Among ace it, in spite of -perhaps even destroyed in order to minor points, allow such a vile pro- those in which recognisable forms could f Indians are settli bring a solution, then this is an ac- paganda against a friendly country? be seen, the best were the face of a ands more clamou ceptable price for social change. The While Shatranj carries the Indian girl with flowers in her hair, the figure nity. authors of Confrontation place great morons into far-off China, Bhai of a woman, done in nervous calligra- It is ugly, this c emphasis on the university as an im- Bahen) Tumse Acchha Kaun Hai phic lines, and another which lqoked s obnoxious, this 'portant and posifi;ve -institution in, (directed by Promod Chakravarty)' like a sad moon against a jet black greed. Down American life. and Pitaputra (directed by Arabinda background. Bakshi's aluminos were own with all th These two volumes, each from its - Mukherjee) have their protagonists coloured designs printed on the eating the India own point of view, sheds a good feeling around inside the country. anodised surface of aluminium sheets. ore they can stand deal of light on the crisis of the uni- Bhai Bahen has Sunil Dutt as a wast- It is no use describing the technique eople. they must versity and the student activists who er reformed by the mother-image of which involves, among other things, ndia is one of the helped to focus national attention on Nutan, after a whole yarn of incre- giving the sheets baths in tanks con- ious countries in t this crisis. dulities spun out for the benefit of tainiilg various colour solutions. In e wise to remembl PHILIP G, ALTBACH the audience. Shammi Kapoor in compari~n with the lurninos, the tudents in India f~ Tumse Acchha Kaun Hai is a clown- aluminos suffered: But there was at f not more, diSCI Varied Fare ing Samaritan hired by millionaires least one which could hold its own in ndians might in the to reform her wayward grand- good company-an ul1'finished build- Those Indians w] daughters, which he does very efficient- ing in a delightful shade of pink ettle in the U.K. 1 MRIGANKA SEKHAR RAY ly and wins the most ravishing of against a background of oqpper and a ion with that oounl them. Here and there good bits of rather unusual shade of green. rhey do not theref( . AMONG all the spy-nonsense national integration are sprinkled in f loyalty or duty to churned out from Bombay and the-jorm of songs and speeches. Pita A Group Show hey have shunned Madras, Shatranj (directed by the re- Putra is a poor comedy of errors in A group of seven young artists from y, and as a result, doubtable S. S. Vasan of Gemini which Tanuja and Swaroop Dutta as Uttarpara, all members of the Chai- nderneath their s fame) must be the limit. It spells the romancing couple fail to lend tanya Kala Bijnan Kendra, held mootlr skins one thrill. entertainment and patriotism, any life and grace to their roles. I their fourth annual show :at the Aca- ouls without moor verything with a vengeance. The demy last week. To be quite candid, se, without prid ,tory is the pretty run-pf-Ithe-mill Luminos And Aluminos but for a few exceptid.ns, the paintings ether in bunches, theme of the Indian spy pitted against on display had nothing much to re- rate with the peopl the Chinese and the eventual triumph commend themselves. The exceptions ep themselves ali" f the Bond-hero, with a beautiful By AN ART CRITIC were some dark-toned paintIngs of us activities like S irl thrown in as a bonus. This Kali and other subjects, a couple of urga Puja in 1 ime stupidity is boundless as the N interesting and unusual exhibi- miniatures by Tripti Mukherjee, ough they brag a ain action takes place on the main. A tion, Dilip Bakshi's 'Luminos Suprio Raha's oil 'Composition 1', and dian culture etc. an'd of China and the Indian agent and Aluminos', was held at the Aca- two or three small sketches by Sukdeb e Europeans, theJ Rajendrakumar smashes the enemy demy last week. Bakshi, who comes Chattopadhyaya. Ives superior to Imost singlehanded. Mehmood and from Gujarat and now lives in Delhi, ctually happen to ~ elen are of course there to help him, dpes not use brush, canvas or paper, Letters 1, when they, if eve ut their time is mostly devoted to and in the case of luminos, even ey will have the amming and belly-dancing. Waheeda pigments to do his paintings. Luminos amp 'England-retu ehman as the Indian dancer held are prints on photographic paper of 'Our Commonwealth turned' on their fj y the Chinese, wriggles out a couple abstract designs and sometimes re- f hip-swinging feats, may be just to presentational shapes in black and I do not know what Mr A. Thakur elieve Rajendrakumar of the wor- white and various tonal shades. He (letter 3.5.]969) is fuming (or weep- ing ?) over. Three young Englishmen ies of his tough routine. The Chin- executes these designs with scratches CO se, of course, painted not only as on the emulsion of unexposed nega- spat on his face. Another time rotten rch.villains but also as blundering tives, then developing and subjecting eggs thrown at him spoiled his clothes. "The most proOl oo]s and the ease with which Rajen- them to a process of complicated And he tells us that Indians in Britain ho follows Samsur rakumar moves about in the enemy and multiple printing. That the in- are being treated badly, humiliated or column 3 of last ntres might ,.,dp to dispel all the tensity of the light, properly mani- beaten up, and the police do not care. Ataur Rahaman, revalent no Is about th~ lack of pulated, can bring out fascinating 1£ that is how it is, for heaven's ted as "After R • • MAY 17, 1969 FRONTIER

finds itself. The students on the penonal freedom in China. In this shades of black and white and ake why doe~ 'pther hand, are unable to look be- film, it is useless to dwell on the other tones on photographic paper was ill' go over yond the Vietnam war and the racial technical qualities. Everything i.s evident in almost everyone of the 48 oney, and then crisis to the abiding positive aspects muck-Only -it is a pity to find or so luminos Qn view. Bakshi's fine ved. They kn( I of the university. To the activists, Waheeda rotting in Isuqh a guttar. sense of abstraction was also similarly re not wante the social crisis is everything, and if One thing still baffles me. How could seen in almost all the luminos and a dea of settling the university must be disrupted or the censors, who are touchy on some few were of a superior order. Among ace it, in spite perhaps even destroyed in order to minor points, allow such a vile pro- those in which recognisable forms could f Indians are s bring a solution, then this is an ac~ paganda against a friendly country? be seen, the best were the face of a ands more clan ceptable price for social change. The While Shatranj carries the Indian girl with flowers in her hair, the figure unity. authors of Confrontation place great morons into far-off China, Bhai of a woman, done in nervous calligra- It is ugl)', thi emphasis on the university as an im- BahenJ Tumse Acchha Kaun Rai phic lines, and another which lqoked s obnoxious, 'portant and positi;ve -institution in, (directed by Promod Chakravarty)' like a sad moon against a jet black greed. Down American life. and Pitaputra (directed by Arabinda background. Bakshi's aluminos were own with all These two volumes, each from its - Mukherjee) have their protagonists coloured designs printed on the eating the In( own point of view, sheds a good feeling arou_nd inside the country. anodised surface of aluminium sheets. ore they can st; deal' of light on the crisis of the uni- Bhai Bahen has Sunil Dutt as a wast- It is no use describing th~ technique eople. they n versity and the student activists who er reformed by the mother-image of which involves, among other things, ndia is one of helped to focus national attention on Nutan, ,after a whole yarn of incre- giving the sheets baths in tanks con- ious countries this crisis. dulities spun out for the benefit of tainiilg various colour solutions. In e wise to reme PHILIP G. ALTBACH the audience. Shammi Kapoor in comparir>n with the luminos, the tudents in Indi Tumse' Acchha Kaun Hai is a down- aluminos suffered: But there was at f not more, I Varied Fare ing Samaritan hired by millionaires least one which could hold its own in ndians might in to reform her wayward grand- good company-an un'Iinished build- Those Indian daughters, which he does very efficient- MRIGANKA SEKHAR RAY ing in a delightful shade of pink ettle in the U. ly and wins the most ravishing of against a background of cqpper and a ion with that c them. Here and there good bits of rather unusual shade of green. they do not the . AMONG all the spy-nonsense national integration are sprinkled in churned out from Bombay and f loyalty or duJ the-.iorm of songs and speeches. Pita A Group Show hey have shur Madras, Shatranj (directed by the re- Putra is a poor comedy of errors in A group of seven young artists from doubtable S. S. Vasan of Gemini ry, and as a re which TanuJa and Swaroop Dutta as Uttarpara, all members of the Chai- nderneath thf fame) must be the limit. It spells the romancing couple fail to lend tanya Kala Bijnan Kendra, held thrill. entertainment and patriotism, mootlr skins any life and grac~ to their roles. I their fourth annual show :at the Aca- ouls without n everything with a vengeance. The demy last week. To be quite candid, se, without story is the pretty run-pf-Ithe-mill but for a few exceptiOlns,the paintings ether in bund theme of the Indian spy pitted against Luminos And Aluminos on display had nothing much to re- rate with the p the Ohinese and the eventual triumph commend themselves. The exceptions eep themselves of the Bond-hero, with a beautiful By AN ART CRITIC were some dark-toned paintings of us activities IiI girl thrown in as a bonus. This Kali and other subjects, a couple of urga Puja il time stupidity is boundless as the A N interesting and unusual exhibi- miniatures by Tripti· Mukherjee, ough they bra main action takes place on the main- tion, Dilip Bakshi's 'Luminos Suprio Raha's oil 'Composition 1', and dian culture e lan'd of China and the Indian agent and Aluminos', was held at the Aca- two or three small sketches by Sukdeb e Europeans, Rajendrakumar smashes the enemy demy last week. Bakshi, who comes Chattopadhyaya. lelves superior almost singlehanded. Mehmood and from Gujarat and now lives in Delhi, ctually happen Helen are of course there to help him, dpes not use brush, canvas or paper, Letters 11,when they, i but their time is mostly devoted to and in the case of luminos, even ey will have hamming and belly-dancing. Waheeda pigments to do his paintings. Luminos tamp 'England, Rehman as the Indian dancer held 'Our Commonwealth are prints on photographic paper of turned' on the by the Chinese, wriggles 'out a couple abstract designs and sometimes re- of hip-swinging feats, may be just to presentational shapes in black and I do not know what Mr A. Thakur relieve Rajendrakumar of the wor- white and various tonal shades. He (letter 3.5.1969) is fuming (or weep- ries of his tough routine. The Chin- executes these designs with scratches ing ?) over. Three young Englishmen ese, of course, painted not only as on the emulsion of unexposed nega- spat on his face. Another time rotten COl arch-villains but also as blundering tives, then developing and subjecting eggs thrown at him spoiled his clothes. "The most ] fools and the ease with which Rajen- them to a process of complicated And he tells us that Indians in Britain ho follows Sar drakumar moves about in the enemy and multiple printing. That the in- are being treated badly, humiliated or column 3 of centres might ••.dp to dispel all the tensity of the light, properly mani- beaten up, and the police do not care. . Ataur Rahan prevalent no~)s about th~ lack of pulated, can bring out fascinating If that is how it is, for heaven's rinted as "Afte , .. MAY 17, 1969 196~ white an e, why does he stay there? They A Pathetic Show the race to outshine one another i~ ' c paper wa 1\ go over there for the extra awarding more marks to their students.' Ie of the 4 ney,and then rant that they are not Mr C. K. Arora is very right to If some tea~;ber or institution regis- Baks~i'~ fin ed. They know very well· that they advise tbe so-called "Muslim leaders" tered failure, the University itself de- l~o SlIllilarly not wanted. What's the big to give up their babit of isolating their clared the detained as baving passed mos and a a of settling in that country? Let's community on real or imaginary issues in its eagerness to show tbat the sys· er. Among e it, in spite of all this, thousands (April 19). These upper strata Mus- tern was a success. However, the • forms could Indians are settling there and thou- lim leaders have done the greatest sysems had to be withdrawn by ano- .e face of a IIIdsmore clamouring for the oppor- disservice to their community from ther Vice-Chancellor, who has intro- If, the fi.gure ity. the very dawn of the independence duced English (meant for college ro~s calligra- It is ugly, this colour problem. It movement. The audacity of the Pre- examinations only) in the degree hlch looked obnoxious this racial problem. 'siding Officer in not allowing them to science courses. This English receives a jet black reed. D~wn with the racialist. take the oath in one of the 15 langu- lip service only. Some fake marks are minos were wn with all those there who are ages on the Eighth Schedule can only sent to the University after what the . on the ting the Indians badly. But, be- be compared with the stupidity and heads of institutions- still love to term mum sheets. e they can stand up to accuse those callousness of those who do not have annual examinations. I~ technique pIe they must not forget that the guts to fight for a cause. The Indeed, every thing is rotten in the :her things, ia is one of the most colour cons- greatest danger to secularism is not academic sphere. A school grows ta.nks con- . us countries in the world. It might only the Hindu fanatics of the Jana on deceit and falsehood: false rolls ,lutlOns. In wise to remember that the African Sangh, Congress, SSP etc. but also are shown, false accounts are preserv- ~nos, the dents in India face just as much, these self-styled Muslim leaders. ed, full pay is not given (a teacher here was at not more discrimination as the Urdu is one of the richest languages has to state that he receives Rs 160 J its ow~ in 'ans might'in the U.K. of India and it is an asset to the Or so, while he actually receives Rs ;hed buIld- Those Indians who have chosen to development of Indian literature. In 60 or 70). Over ninety per cent of de of pink tie in the U.K. have no identifica- years to come, Urdu will form a forum even those who are entitled to full pay ~per and a n with that oountry and its people. for cultural and literal exchange bet- do not get the full pay packet. ·een. ey do not therefore have any sense ween the vivisected, tragically and - As regards the curriculum, it is an loyalty or duty towa~ds that society. artificially partitioned parts of the excellent archaism. It neither forms 'heyhave shunned their own coun- subcontinent-India and Pakistan. The character (personality) nor informs .artists from ry, and as a result, after some years, time is not far off when a radical and one _of the world around. And of : the Chai- nderneath their shiny clothes and revolutionary c4ange in the socio-eco- late, it does not ever ensure livelihood. dra, held nooth- skins one sees dead souls, nomic structure of both India and What worth is it then? Why make It the Aca- luIs without moorings, without pur- Pakistan will usher in an era of under- such ado about it? Do it whole or uite candid, ose, without pride. They cling to- standing and friendship in this sub- leave it. Ie paintings etherin bunches, hardly ever inte- continent. At that auspicious hour, CHANDRAPRASAD !luch to re- ratewith the people of the land, and Urdu in the west and Bengali in MaIda : exceptions :ep themselves alive through gregari- the east wilI take their due place as a >aintlngs of as activities like Saraswati Puja and link and as a language of conciliation The US8uri Clash . couple of \lrga Puja in London. And al- and compromise. Mukherjee, lOUghthey brag about India, and SISIRK. MAJUMDAR(DR.) Your readers must have appreciated tion 1', and ldian culture etc. to the British and Jamnagar Mr N. R. Kalpathi's "The Sino- by Sukdeb r Europeans, they consider them- Soviet Frontier" (April 19 and 26) :Ivessuperior to the Indians who Exams. And All That and the documentary letter, "The cluallyhappen to live in India. After Ussuri' Clash" (April 26). But I want , when they, if ever, return to India, The recent deliberations of the to clarify one point which Mr Kalpathi 'ty will have the special rubber Vice-Chancellors about the need t'O just mentioned in passing. Why did ~ealth amp 'England-returned' or 'Europe- change the examination system once Peoples' China not press her rightful ~rned' on their foreheads. again showed how, unreal the whole claims on the territories under dis- MOHIM ROODRO thing is. Reforming the examination pute when Stalin was alive? A. Thakur Calcutta system without thoroughly reorganis- Lenin did declare after the birth of (or weep- ing education is to put the cart before the Soviet State that all unequal Snglishmen the horse. Such attempts have been treaties forcibly imposed on neigh- ~ime rotten CORRECTION made, not infrequently, by the newer bouring countries by the Tsarist Gov- his clothes. "The most promising young poet universities and they all have met ernment would be annulled and such in Britain follows Samsur Rahaman" (Page with failure. For instance, when treaties with Persia, Turkey, etc. were miliated or .I column 3 of last week's Frontier) North Bengal University introduced annulled but the treaty o~ 1860 with D not care. taur Rahaman, whose name was viva voce, the colleges, eager to show China remain~d. Why? lJ use in the heaven's ted as "After Rahaman" .• a higher pass percentage, soon entered middle twenties, the- Chiang Kai-shek 17, 1969 17 FRONTIER.

- (oupists were not in contro,l of the them only when, along with the contends that the method of schooling \vhole. cQuntry)...there was no authori- Dalai Lama's escape to India and advocated by Naxa1ites is long over. tative Central Government in China the political asylum given to hiro here, That reminds me. Two months ag and the armed revolutionary struggle the Sino-Indian border lost its friend- I met one of my friends in Calcutta, for liberation was already under way. ly and peaceful character. a wholetime worker of the CPI (M),! The situation was fluid, with the T. C. At the first sight he gave me the news Japanese domination over Manchuria Calcutta that he has joined a school as a and the imminent threat of Japanese teacher only a month back. The aggression. In such a situation what- other friend commented, they have usdul purpose would have been May Day Rally just completed a revolution and are servea by handing over some terri- now enjoying a retired life. I under, tories witb their population to the I congratulate you on your suc- stand, the schooling is over. Chiang group? Chiang too did not cess in splitting the communists. I N. K. PAUL (DR.) raise any territorial claims. do not know how much you get from Midnapore The situation altered radically after the CIA for your excellent service. the defeat of Japan in World War II Dear comrade, I did not find even which liberated Manchuria for China; a single peasant in the May Day Andhra Women there was tbe ultimate countrywide vic- Tally 'of the so-called 'brilliant' re~ tory of the Peoples' Liberation Army volutionaries, but saw a good num- 'Will those champions of Indian, as well as the rebuff meted out to the ber of upper middle class boys (who womanhood who are vilifying the UF\ U.S. invaders in Korea by the Korean never ,know what poverty is); nor Government in' West Bengal over the Peoples' Army with ~ fraternal assist- did I find any representative of the alleged atrocities against women at..- ance of the Chinese volunteers equip- working class, though a large Rabindra Sarobar on April 6 visit ped . with Soviet . arms. The Sino- number IOf ,petty~bo'urgeois intellec. ~ndhra Pradesh where the 'democra· t Soviet border became a border of tuals were there. I was shocked tic' Congress is in power, and enquire peace between two- socialist countries to realise that these typical counter- about the atrocities committed agains!)r following identical policies. The revolutionary elements had so long Andhra women under the C01,erof theJf Chinese gave precedence to recons- been .associated with' the Marxists. Telengana agitation and read the most truction of the economy and did not And 'yqU,'once our beloved poet and obscene writings on the walls again,: allow themselves to be distracted by favourite with the Bengali intelli- Andhra women in the twin cities of.. the border question. ' gentsia, feel 'no :qualms of conscience Hyderabad and Secunderabad an' , In the early fifties, on the eve of i'n crYIng 'thief, thief' like the thieves. elsewhere in Telengana ? Stalin's death, the Boundary Com- JAYANTA KUMAR CHAUDHURJ ELKA\ • mission was \formed to settle the Calcutta Hyderabadl matter. After a few preliminary ses- sions of the Commission Stalin died. New Party A Raid After the 20th Congress the Commis- sion was put in cold storage more or The leaders of the extreme left It looks from your paper as if Indir' less except for a few occasional for- p'arties seem tot have ,forgotten ~he C;0mprises cities alone. While you. mal sessfons. Everybody knows the maxim that 'united we stand, divided contributors roam in and around march of events after that. The Krem- we fall', and are bent upon spoiling ~arliament or the State Assemblies, 1m in its bac~ward march has reached the broth of revolution by instituting the -atrocities committed by Mr Cha- the stage of social imperialism. And ~oo many ~ommunist parties Intent van's police on communist revolution- imperialism is synonymous with ex- more on slinging mud at one another, aries go unnoticed. pansionism and hostility towards than furthering the' cause of revolu- FOr instance, on March 24, in genuine socialist countries. As a re- tion. They are cau§ing confusion Banskhera, a vWage' near Kashipur in sult tbe Sino-Soviet barder cannot but among the maSses and m.aking it Nainital distriot, a group of 340 armed turn from a peaceful to a hostile virtually impossible for the workers policemen headed by an SP raided the border. That is precisely why time is to unite under one banner. houses of two communists, Mahinder now ripe to settle the border accounts AKAYGEE Singh and Bhagat Singh, in their ab- with the Kremlin. The problem is . Calcutta sence without giving any reason. Al~ now mature. . the members of the family, including! One c.an draw an analogy between Schooling Is Over a child of 8, were beaten up, orna-I the Sino-Soviet and Sino-Indian bor- ments snatched, clothes torn off, and der questions. As long as the Sino- Mr Abheek Dasgbpta likes his even the milk and food meant for tJ, Indian bor r was a friendly, peace- path to Moscow via Delhi rather than children w~re destroyed. ful one, C~; did not prc.;ssher claims Peking via Naxalbari (April 19). He to the disputed areas.. . She pressed has got every right to do so. He also

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