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Friday, June 1 ,I9 25. THE HARDIN TRIBUNE-HERALD Page Five

It it it II, I 1:13EMIF— 1i1 (a111111111MBEEMERIBLINE31111111111E110-• HILGER BELIEVES SAKAKAWEA, INDIAN BIRD WOMAN, DIED AT FORT MANUEL IN 1812, AND NOT IN WYOMING IN '1884 1 11 111P- t ii .11 EiEEE3 (By W. W. MOSES) her memory and numerous monuments ONCLUSIONS and I 18113,.anil that the mobsttiutiou was made were widely reputeal to have been the no: -'1'he of Dr. Charles A. tablets proclaim her fame. A river. a peak ' his return table !tidbit's of the Fort Berthold re- very much devoted to him, but was not in glade. it is almost beyond belief servation, N. Dak.. insisted Eastman, who, in making an in- and mountains bear her name. The ser- "Luttig audoubtedly believed Charbon- that no .ilift.estion that he did haranouy with his relatives, and she again vice of the sort was enter- not pica up theme Snake wievs at C vestigation at the instance of rendered by her to civilisation and neau had been killed in the uprising. Ile ed _in the record the vill- disappeared, taking with, her her little of., Mil" age and afterwards history Justify the fame 'Medias won. liv- had been swat out to the Now marry them, but they daughter. the Bureau of Indian Affairs, recent- ilidatras 05 come Dr. Eamtinan, who appears to Waisted that he had ery contribution to knowledge of her is March 1. Luttlir evidently protected the have accepted tuaried them some- "At that time she had in her family a important. the theory of Dr. Grace Ray- where up the , either la ly announced the location of the bur- ehildren. feud eonducted them wifely to St. mond Hebaril, that the Bird among year old Mexican girl whom her soil "About the begInnine Woman died the Crow Indians or the Blackfeet, and af- had captured ial place of Sakakawea, or Sacajawea of the present eeu- Louis. Who seas the mother of -Touseiant and was buried at Fort Washable, Wyo. in war and whom she raised. tury currency was given to what appear- terwards drifted to their country and was This girl gave the information as the was not know. but I would venture Dr. Eastman is a full blood Sioux, ac- there that the name has been accepted in ed to be a well founded belief that after that only a short time when the 1•4•WIS Bird Woman took with her guess he was the sou of the other cording to the records and to Major A. and Clark a small par- , the Bird Woman of the her great exploit she returned to her shoshune girl. IC. expeditiou Came' up to their fleche bag coutaining dried betel() McFatridge, until recently clerk of the village. It is very meat, people, the Shoshoni and living to reileh "There no evident and in accord- from which it was judged Lewis and Clark expedition, at Fort is further record of Sakaka- state 'antral of examinerm. and formerly ance with that she had a the century mark. died in 1881 at the Sho- wea. Charbouneau oecasionally the customs of the Indiana' that definite purpose and point toward Washakie, Wyoming, are not con- is heard anoerintedeut of the Blackfeet Indian re- Charbonneau could which shone Mission, Wyoming. This belief was from, lie was intrepreter for the Mandau aeriation. not hate married the she was going. Major McFatridge, who spent two girls at the same time. curred in by David Hilger, secretary strotigly supported by material collected and Ilidatsa in the trade and interceuriet many years in the He must have "lien sou hunted for her everywhere. by Dr. Ilraer Raymond Ilebard, service of the Bureau married one of them at least a Ile cisited of the Montana Historical society and eon- treaties of Atkinson and ()Salton in July. of Indian Affairs, knew Dr. Eastman year, or many of the adjacent tribee, tributed to the Journal of Anierieau itt.:5; He at possibly two years , before he married the the Wichitas and Klowas, and librarian was itt Fort Pierre, tteptember the Rosebud Agency in , dur- second but she couid of the society. tory. for September, 1907, and generally itei wife. To be sure he kept both of not be found. A rumor came that she was 12 to 1-1 1100: he gave much assistance to the.aime the major was imape,aor of theut-Tonimant Mr. lifter enthusiastically sub- Dr. lIebard's dictum was accepted by his- Prince Maxutillian, at the in Haitian Charbonneau being the among the white people, but whether this toriaom mehoolia, 1001 to 11K4S. Eastman Ivas child of his first Shoshone scribes to the opinion reached by until doubt was thrown on the 130C, and he is mentioned by Larpenteur then Iii the employ wife, namely, was true or not they did not know. She the ot the Inillan bureau Otter Woman, and this wife was heads of the historical must base gone forever. After that they called of North Da- her WadziwIper, the lost woman. During kota and South Dakota and Mis- tier previous life with the she souri, that Sakakawea died and was was called Purim which meaut Wife, or buried at Fort Manuel Chief Woman. on the Mis- Granddaughter Tells aterY. souri river in what is now South Da- "Nothing was ever heard concerning her kota, more than seventy years be- ith until the Indians all were placed on re- mervatious and schools were erttablished. fore the death at Fort Washakie of The son she had left among -• the Cowan- the Indian woman whom Dr. East- -he's was called Ticannaf. lie had three man has declared to have been the or four children, now all dead except a daughter Talicutine, who gave the story Bird Woman of Lewis and Clark nreg9s-, sc, of the life • . of her grandmother, Pdivo or fame: - _ Sacajawea, the Bird Woman. ,/ 4 • 1 "The great-grandchild from the Coro- Not only does Mr. Huger contend ..,,,_:jo .r...-- • './////' anvilss i../Vi, di,I. ,,_ 1 __-* ..L‘ 4' 1 0'1 „ • • and the great grandchildren from that the Bird Woman was buried at • the Shomhones met Carlisle. •• ;,:. .. ;;A "30 „' .• at They in- Fort Manuel, but he likewise sup- .4r o' r •i: ,po iI, , - quired of each other their great grand- .'i ' fi 7. ,it •r •, I' , •,.(0 . ,., :' •,•-• -i•„' mother's desceudauts, which ports the Dakota-Missouri method il . •• '', 4.• ,. ',••-• 10, ti, , ,t,..,),.. A developed !r• ,) ,, pis ,,,,_, ,,,,,. , that there were , A.,,..0., •„., nolny living among the of spelling the name, Sakakawea, • . .,. , -; at.: . two 1 ,,,.• -77'... , , ''' tribes at the present time, and for the • 1 ittl, .,.. dA,-";;;"'it, irf:TA ,/ , m..., first which method has been followed for ..;o1;r:Pari,,,i;i:i..;;10.4_ _r...,.... .y 0 40,,,,, time it was learned that Porivo had ' reached her tribe, the years by the North Dakota, South ,ai" 1 ..,,„ ,. Shoshones, souse 50 years after she disappeared from the Co- Dakota and Missouri historiacl so- ':G•0 , 4, '/ manches. ' , , ••:; This story, as given by the cieties. The name, "Sakakawea, ap- Comaucbe descendants, confirms the testi- pears on the bronze statue of the - mony of the Shoshones; that she told them she Bird Woman erected at Bismarck, • di, came from the Comanches, al- It took her Nev.- ' years to reach N. Dak., by the women's clubs and there, school children of that state. 40t.V. ie:14"1P- •07,2-740:•_ "The story of her separation from her The Wyoming society, where the -• • husbaud and children is corroborated by :ye the statement of Andrea' Bazile, her idea has been sponsored by Dr. Grace ._ grandchild and son of Bazile, saying that Raymond Hebard, historian of the r , -*/.• •• . - his father told him that the Bird Woman •G ..••••= and her husband separated in the south- University of Wyoming, has adopted 444P 0,4 west country when he and his brother the spelling, "Sacajawea," as has _ were young men and they had never seen also been done in Oregon, where a ki A --4/ their father since. They only saw their life-size bronze statue of the Indian tnother when she came back to them at (1.1 Fort Bridger, a gray haired woman. woman erected by the women's clubs "The story of Sally Ann, who accom- bears that method of spelling. ji /X/ f , panied the Bird Woman, or l'orivo, from So also does it appear on the ".4 hfrl ///fr,;//,, Pog,tage the Sioux, was given by Edmund / , LeClair, to the effect that she reached bronze tablets erected at Three ////---ji:///4-/i 7,4" , St. Louis a year or two after she disap- Forks and Armstead by the Montana 'reared from the Comanches, then proceed- organization of the Daughters el b/40 ed up the Missouri river with some of the of d// • fur men. At this time she was THE MEETING / married the American Revolution. OF SAKAKAWEA AND HER RELATIVES, when the Lewis and to an old Ferucisman, whose name was not tinental Clark party reached the Shoshone camp just west of the Con- obtainable. James McCormick, secretary of divide. The Bird Woman found that onet of her two brothers with the Shoshoni, had become chief of the band, and she was accorded a "The testimony of Wolf Chief of the the U. S. Geographic board, favors hearty welcome upon her return. She did not remain with her people but proceeded with the explorers for whom her husband was working. Hidatsa, and Mrs. Weidemaran, shows that the spelling, Sacajawea, which form she had passed up the Missouri stopping appears to have been adopted by the at various forts until she reached Fort *accuracy of her conclusion b the discov- in 1E18. In his Union, at Bureau Ethnology. thirties he was for some working on the revision of the the mouth of the Yellowstone of American ery In St. Louis of a journal kept by John years in the employ governuient Indian been his favorite for he named his eldest river. It does not C. Luttig, of the as family names. Ile resided at Flantireau, daughter clearly state how in the employ of Manuel Lisa interpreter to the Mandan until that Otter. many year she traveled up Meaning' of Name. in 1812. This tribe S. Dak., was a graduate of Dartmouth, "According to the statement the Missouri journal was edited by Miss was virtually destroped by the smallpox. of Mrs. or how many years she remained at Another authority on Indian Stella M. Drumm. and author of a boo kon Indian life, and was Weidemann, a very intelligent Fort strongly indicates In he was in St. Louts tottering under married woman, Union, but the story is clear that she pro- the death of Sakakawea at Fort to a white V1'01111111 who was for- daughter of the great chief Poor Wolf of names, Robinson, holds to the spell- Manuel, the weight of eighty winters. merly a supervisor ceeded from Fort Union up the Yellow- on the Missouri river in South Dakota, of Indian schools. the Ilidatsa Indians. Charbonneetni took ing, Sakawea. He says there are on Not Subject to Eastman's stone, Big Horn and Wind rivers In December 20, 1812. Doubt. Report. both of his wives and their children down company Dr. Eastman, In his report to with French-Indian traders who two divergpnt theories as to the gen- "Briefly, Sakakawea was a woman of the 'Ito far ac historians were concerned, or the com- to St. Louis, a year or so after Lewis and were sent out from Fort Shoshont. or popular knowledge missioner of Indian affairs, which is very Clark departed Union to trade esis of the name: one, that it is a Snake tribe, who .was cap- involved, Sakakawea long for St. Louis. with the Rocky Mountain Indians. tured in company with was off the and a dimeonnected story of his in- pure Siouan wad of the Hidatsa a girl companion, books, and to this date no re- vestigations "The people of the fort had a great "This story is that her humbandlwaw left di- by the Ilidatim, near the Three Forks cord. other than Luttig's has and of the matters upon which of la-en uueov- he bases his conclusions. deal of trouble from the Indians; of the behind for a few days at Fort Unites with alect and means "Bird Woman"; se- the Missouri river, in the autumn of 1800. ered that suggests her end and is not sub- concuudes with: region owing the "I report that Sacajawea. to the American-Eng-limb war intention of joining the party at the cond, that it is a pure Shoshoni word The girls were taken to the Hitlataa ject to doubt. after 60 of 1812, during which some niotuh of the Big Horn at years of wandering from her own tribe, of the British river, but he nev- the mouth of Knife river, No. Dak., "When preparations for the ' traders were inciting the Indians against er appeared there and it is and means "Boat Pusher." where they were returned to her own people at Fort supposed he purchased by Toussaint Purchase Exposition at St. Lotila were un- the . •During_ the winter, ac- must have ben killed by some Indian war The quarrel over the spelling of Charbonneau. a Frenchman, der way. Bridger and lived the remainder of her residing with Bruno Louis Zknin was employed life with cording to Luttigat journal. Charbouneau party. Thus she lost another husband. the Iiidatsa. who in due course, made her sons in peace until she died the name of the Bird Woman was them On April 9, and Jeciumme svete suspected seriously of Locates Sons. his wives after the Indian fashion. This 1884, at Fort Washable, being brought out during the recent ses- Wyo., which is her final involved in the hostile conduct "On this trip she succeeded in reaching was the situation when Lewis and Clark resting place." of some of the Indians. the upper reaches came Whether this Indian woman whose Luttig's journal of the Snake river, sion of the Montana legislature when to the Mandan late in the autumn grave stopped suddenly in March, when she learned from of 1804. Dr. Eastman located in Wyoming is that 1813. It is some of her tribe a bill was pending to change to the of the Bird well known among the Indians, Sioux and %stitch she met that her two sons were at "Soon after Charbonneau was employed Woman of the Lewis and Clark 'Rees, name Sakakawea, the little stream expedition, or whether that the fort was attacked during Fort Bridger. She then worked her way as interpreter to the Hidataa, and brought she is the other that Owe and killed south to Fort Shoshoni woman with whom many of Lisa's men. Bridger, where she found known as Crooked creek flowing his family to the post to reside, lie pos- the Bird It appears during that the two sons. The family Woman shared her husband, Charbonneau, time that Charbon- reunion was a easterly through northern Fergus sibly had a third wife, older than the neau bad departed to the Gros barmy one. Bazile, the oldest Shoshoni the story of Eastman gives to the public a Ventre one, or and Petroleum counties and empty- girls. On February 11, 1806, a most country. rather her step-son whom elle had raised son Sakakawea. interesting and almost incredulous was born to In the narrative Guardians Appointed. and called her own, was exceptionally de- ing into the Musselshell river a spring Charbonneau and Sakakawea of the wanderings of this wo- were man through the In August. 1813, Luttig made application voted to her; it was in his family that short distance above its confluence employed as interpreters to accompany western wildreness for a she lived period of almost a century. at the Orphan Court in St. Louis to have and died. Lewis and Clark to the Pacific and they guardians appointed for the children "The Shosnone woman who died with the Missouri. It was due to went away Dr. Eastman's report to the Indian com- of at Fort with the other voyageurs, tak- Touisatit Chatbonnean, deceased to wit: Manuel was Otter Woman, the other Sho- the opposition of members of the ing the infant with missioner with some deletions for the sake them. Charbonneau of brevity, Tonimast Charbonneau, a boy 10 years of shone wife of Charbouneau who was Ba- Daughters of the American Revolu- left his other wife or wives at the Ilidatsa follows: "In pursuance of your instructions. age, Lisette Charbouneau, a girl, one year site's mother. The girl, Lizette, does not village. of of age. appear anywhere after the tion over the spelling of the name Find December 13, 1924, relative to investigation court proced- Her Relatives. "It appears, or can be inferred that when ure. It is likely she died in childhood. that it was defeated by the legisla- "When Lewis and Clark reached the and locating the final burial place or Sa- rajawea or Bird Woman, the trouble arose at Fort Manuel. Char- The child that Porivo carried away from • ture. great divide about the middle of August. I entered upon bonneau the investigation by the first of had left his children, persumably the tribe had reached woman- 1805, they came upon a band of Shoshont, January, in the care of the Indian wives hood among the Shoahone people Doane Robinson, secretary of the who proved to 1925. As by instructions, I proceeded from of the other and mar- be the relatives of Sakaka- employes of the fort. When his wife ried a Frenchman by the name of Ely State Historical society of South Da- wea. Her father who had been chief of l'awhuska, Okla., to Fort Wm-Maisie. Wyo. I fully realized the importance died December 20, and as he disappeared Mayer, who left and went to California; kota and superintendent of the state the band, was dead-and her brother. Cam- and deli- during eacy of the investigation, therefore the attack there, the children were then she married Shade Large. She died eahwait, had come to rule in his place. An I se- brought down soon after. department of history, writes that: elder sister cured special interpreters before I enter( with the remainder of the had died, leaving a son, whom party to St. Louis. • • • be evidence gathered by Dr. Grace "We have no suggestion of why the Hid- It is said Sakakawea adopt ed upon the work. James E. Compton, ."r but if It be who the three points Dr. Robinson holds Raymond Iletaard was authentic because atsa called her Bird Woman, but they cer- true, she did not take the child with her understopd not only the Shoehne RR the proof that the woman who it came from the Bird Woman at the air tainly gave her that appellation. If that to the coast, and she saw lateguage but the Bannacks, and is a well- died on none of her re- Deeember 20 is the time, although she was an old woman fact is known' here there can be no ques- latives. or nation educated Carlyle man and well versed in Bird Woman, I find on her return. no place in this connection then, and she told of incidents of the tion about the proper spelling and pro- "The explorers were back the modern history of his people. where her at the Ilidat- name, Sacajawea, was mentioned nor Lewis and Clark expedition. According to nunciation. sa village August 15, 1806. Before leaving "R. I'. Haas, the local superintendent, di- "That she was knoarn as the Bird Wo- gave every help possible rectly referred to, except in Mr. Brecken- tnis one of the striking characteristics of the Charbouneaus, Captain Clark arranged to find and meet ridge's man, and not as the Boat Pusher, is clear wkh such persons as I thought would observations on the boat that Char- the Bird Woman was that she was very them to bring their little boy to him give any bonneau was modest claiming from Captain Clark's entry of May '20, the next year, material evidence concerning 'Basile pointed out as a guide for in any of the honors as after he had been weaned, a Lewis and Clark. guide to the Lewis and Clark 1806, in referring to a stream in Montana and he agreed to raise mother as she was commonly known in That he had a Shoshone party. On. the boy as his own wife with him whenu he reason- for that is that the Indian women (Crooked creek, to which they gave her child_ Three days later. when her later days, although she was also naturally suppos- Clark wan known ed was the one who accompanied ptit their husbands at the head lir 111111V name: near the Ankara he wrote back to them, as Perieo. Chief Woman. She was Charbon- — "'This stream we called fitalicagerweah carefully also known by the name of neau across the continent with the Lewis ter of that kind. reciting the arrangements he had Wadziwiper, and Clark "Saeaiaweii never or Bird Woman's river, after our Inter- made, and in his and Pollen's, or Grass Woman. expedition. It was apparent considered herself as letter called the boy by Wadzi- that the Bird Woman a guide or interpreter. She evidently preter, the Snake woman.'" his name, Baptiste. wiper means Lost Woman, who claims to was not called Sac- as- • The name was spelled phonetically by be, or others claitu for ajawea at that time. sumed that the great duties performed by "Charbonneau and Sakakawea did go to her, that she is "Up to her Lewis and by Clark in their journals and St. Louis. Stiotalswea, or Bird Woman, the this time. Sergeant Patrick Gags' were the consequences of the expedi- The date is not precisely interpre- journal was the tion; she received at the same time with several different known. IAA they ter and guide for the Lewis and Clark only one published in no salary and did not were there in 1810, and ea- 1407. Nowhere in his comaider ,herself, important to combinations of letters. Clark's entries 1811 returned to the upper river, t report was she called the under- evidently -I rateajawea-she was only taking. In fact she seems to have had no showed the name as "Sab-kah-gar-weet.' leaving the child with Clark, for thereaf- will use the Shoshone or Comanche referred to as "Sah•cah-gag-weah" finale Porivo the squaw, or Charbonneau's wife. choice in auythiug until her marriage to and "Sar-cah-gag- ter he Was in St. Louis aud educated un- for convenience. The state- yveah," while Lewis called it five differ- der the uient of her grandson, Andrew After the revision of the Lewis and the Comanche tuau. She Was then a real directikm of Clark. Charbouneau Basile, es- wife anti happy ent ways: "Rah -ca- ger- weah," "Sah-cah- and Sakakawea returned tablishes fully that Porta° is the Clark journals no one, outside of Lewis with her hueband. There- up the river in of mother and fore. when he was killed, she was gab- weft." "841h-ca-gar-weah,' Sah-cah-gar- 1511 on one of Manuel Lisa boats, Bazile and Baptiste. two well known Clark and Charbonneau. knew that heart- under Shoshone this woman was called broken and dissatisfied with the tribe %yeah' and "Sah-ca-ja-wea." Lisa's personal direction. On this boat men. All died within three Sacajawea. Se- Biddle, in 1811, spelled it "Sa-ca-ja- was henry years, namely, Porivo condly, the court records show that Bap- with whotu she lived and the recollec- M. Breckeuridyre, the noted died In 1884; Bailie tions traveler and journalist, died hi 1886: Baptiste died in 18145. tiste, the ehild of Sacajawea, was con- of her nativity took a strong hold who left us the At the upon her, anal she departed The Ilidatsa pronunciation, regular, is last undisputed at-count best information I have she svas nearly spletmaly absent. This means that Bap- with her of Sakakawea. SAKAKAWEA, the famous Sho- 100 tiste had youngest on her back. 'Tsa-ka-kawea.' while the .proper pronun- Breckluridge says: years of age. If she is Sactsjawea or been retained in St. Louis when ciation is "Saaya-ka-wea, according to shone Indian "Bird Woman," the Iliad Woman, she must Charbonnean and his other Snake wife "Within the short time that I was al- ""'We had on board Frenchman have been born in lotted Dr. Matthews. a guide for the Lewis and 1788. and according to Lewis and child had gone back to the Indian to locate the burial place of this named Charbonneau, with his vife, an Clark expe- and Ciark country woman, it was difficult Grave Not Marked. dition, who, it is said .1ournals she would be 96 years old when as stated by Breckenridge. Bap- for me to go into Indian woman of the Snake nation, both by Dr. Doane she died. tiste was too young to be separated the important points a-here she actually l'aesing by the quarrel over the spell- of whom accompanied from Lewity and Clark Robinson, died and was buried at Essential him mother, and in my knowledge of lived and when the traditions exist of her ing of the name of the Bird Woman for to the Pacific and were Points. the of great service. the site of old Fort Manuel "If Baptiste, the son Indian mother's traits and habits, she having been there, and have followed her the more important question of the loca- The woman, a good creature, of a mild in 1812. of Porivo, is the back to tion same Baptiste. the sou of could not have permitted herself to be se- her nation. She died April 9, of her grave, it appears that if tWe and gentle disposition, greatly attached Discredits the Eastman Report. Sacajawea, he parated 1894. and was buried theory of her • would have been 80 years old when from her child at that age, es- by Missionary HO- death and burial at Fait to the whites, whose manners and dress he perially those herb; at Fort Washable, Manuel in to be accepted the physical lo- died for he was born on February 11. times, Wyo. she tries to imitate, but she had become 1805, "It would have been "Not only the identity of cation of the grave will never be marked to make at-cording to thN,Lewis and Clark impossible for Sacajawea, sickly and longed to visit her native a heroic statue of Sakakawea Journals: Clark to retain Baptiste without the Bird Wound'. is proven by the tes- for the reason that the spot where it and country. and in his desire and if Basile, the eon of l'or- his moth- to secure a type for Ivo, is the same as er. but AS he determined to either adopt mony taken in the %side parts of the coun- Fort Mannel stood halt years ago bees Toulateq_Cli,arbonnean. or try- washed -“TISF` rtiiibonneilus went Willi' "freliiiii-"h* "H"let "1"4" 4516--""" -MP-eh-1141 of • Chartsttnneilu -voinrate the buy, the--yunnireat member of to-eueb mamma, that -the; could, oat- away by the waters of the MIR- Rev. John Roberts. then" for* ". wore4444" ." s :snake wife the have known sourl river. as far as the Ankara. and prehape went then a whose name is Otter Woman, according expedition across the continent, he had what other tribes knew, and on to the Mandan quarter of a century Episcopalian mismam- to to provide for the still they corroborated the Fort Manuel was located by Manuel that fall. While at the ary to the Gros Ventres' testimony, he would Bird Woman in order to truth of her Ankara. Manuel arranged the Shoshoni at the kliserlen in Wy- Si years be keep Baptiste in St, traievIm. Lisa at a "beautiful prairie bluff with se- to come back oming. The old, since in Luttig's application Louis. That is why the next fall and, build a permanent correspondence revived a for guardianship Bnatiette is not mentioned in Thinks Identity veral bottoms of fine timber arounug" ac- trad- rumor that had for him In August, 1813, the Orphan Certain. ing post for their couveuleucer It is a been in vogue a generation he svas declared 10 Court when Luttig implied for a guardian "Porte°, or Chief Woman, and Sacaja- cording to the journal of Johu C. Luttig, earlier about the mission, years old. This would reaeonable assumplou that he at the time that an old make him 1% to 2 years for the children of Charbonneau. wea, the Bird Wonsan, are one and the clerk to Lisa during the time Fort Man - woman named Saeajawea, but commonly older than his employed Charbonmatu as his interpreter. brother, Baptiste. These were Had Three Wives. same person. !lel was maintained in 1812. At called Mother,.." was in fact Sa- the essen- "The The determined any rate Mamie' went down to St. tial notate' set down to guide me es111Pliee given tly Wolf Chief of "Bazile and Baptiste, the sons of Porivo spot has been to have bents that kti kawea. - in my the Iiiiietsa. been at mile 538.6, as shown on thee fnap autumn and in the summer of investigation. and .114Irs. Viedenuctin obeses .1,a2 For it all there Is but one scrap of mitt •MarboullPall Charbotineati'm ja the Missouri river commission, one mile returned up the river, arriving at the Is very well known in history did have two Shoishone lfe,e thSeactiajnalmwe(a'f. Iuisaor the of Ankara on written record and that scrap is signifi- that wives and Bird Wonsan August 7. Ile proceeded to when Lewis and Clark a Mandan wife Lapides. They of the Lewis aud Clark ex - ie south -of litinkpapa creek, in the north- cantly upposeal to the theory returned from the clearly build stroll-- post a few Mlles distant at that the an- western coast they lingered for stated tlifit ellarb011tlefill took peditlon, namely, Touts-ant Charbonneau, eastern corner of Corson county, So. Dak., a cient Shoshont a-as a woman ef diettinetion. a short both his below the-North point calculated to aceommodate the time in the Gros Ventrea village of Shoshone wives with him a- hen Jr., and Baptiste Cbarbouneau. Tilts Is ami ten miles by river Ankara She died and was buried by the Mistsion Is and It he visited St. proven Dakota line. and several other tribes. well known that Chartionneau and his bouts some time in 1807 and by the statement of Mrs. Weide- tiergyrnan. who entered in his record on- two Snake Dalta and it Is evident that mann as to the story of The site was located on September 21. "Soon after the name of Charbonneau ly; •rtaetil•ta wires remained there when the he returend Ettple's trip with Mother.' Shoshone, one hundred Lewis and with but one Shoshone Charbonneau to 1923. by ft commission directed by Luttig's appears iucidentally in the record; elark's expeditiou alto, who died St. Louis. his yearm, residence Shoshone Ageuey.' If she damn proceeded December 20, 1812. "Charbouneau journel and the map of the Missouri riv- name also appears ilan0111; the employees of, the river to St. Louis, Was absseut from that "Although part of the country er commission. Speaking of this, Doane the post and it is quite pomeible that he Charbonneau was supposed between 181:0 and 1RI6, to beer after which he 5% as Robinson. who Was a member of this wan etneloyed from the date of Mannels been killed in the Sioux attack on seen lif that part of searching arrival. John C. Luttig 'Fort Manuel. be turned up suddenly in the country by government officials. At- party, wrote: was ?danuel's kinson "General conditions have changed chief clerk and be kept a daily journal St. Louis with another wife. Eagle. a Iii• and O'Falicin. From there on he of dats. maiden, a-as said to have little Since Lewis and Clark mapped the events at the post. On December 20, whom he had married in been seen by Prince Max- 1812, tuillian, Mr. election the river in 1/1114. The chan- Luttig wrote: 1819 or 1R2(I. and takes again his wife Larpenture and others up to of Bird Woman, 1839. when essentially Was 120 Tithe evening the wife and the two boys, Baptiste be appeared in St. Louis awl nel today is where it of Charbon- he has ago save point the neau. a Suake mina's, died of and Basile. the name Ilazile having at" never been meen silica-. veers that the of a putrid fe- "By the bluff has gradually washed away, so ver she a as a good and the beat woman parently been taken by the boy, Touleant testimony gathered by Dr. Grace Iii the fort. Rued about "Remaining in St. Louie" a year or so, Raymond Hebert!. Baptiste Was seen that the whiole bottom is essentially 600 25 years' she left among feet wider. Thc point where the fort a fine infant girl.' Charbonmatii obtained egnployment with the trappers in the Lentiii coun- away. one of the fur coinpanies anti he took the try in DOI. Faris speaks of him as hav- stood has washed Indians who 'It was the discovery of this Htstement ing have 'went their lives nearby say the whole fatally into the southwest, where been Jost on a trapping trip for two I.v Miss Drumm that first cast doubt upon they worked am guides anal or three days, but he appeared bank has gone into the river at the rate Miss IleberCe Wyoming interpreters at later. Wil- theory. one or two forts In the neighaborhood liam Clark Kernley spoke of meeting of two edema a year and the appearance of -Manuel did not get on with of him the In- Neon's() and Washlte rivers. While In 1843 in the vicinity of Fort Laramie, the earth confirms this judgement. (thins with his usual facility end before they V. • Therefore, site of Fort Manuel were, in that part of the country, appar- as a guide, amid Freemout, in his the has spring there were malls evidences of ently exploring gone ifito the Missouri and with it the In wesstern' Oklahoma or Kansas, trip to the Pacific, met a body trouble. The,,,,journal close,' abruptly on Charbonnean took another of the employes of the Karr* of Sakakawes. March 5, wife, a Ute fur trailers, Bent Film other !warren we learn woman, which act caused trouble and St. Vrain on the south The story of Sakakawea. with particular that all the neighboring tribes with Se- fork of the were at war cajawen with the result that after Platte in a cutup which was relation to the perioda prior to and fol- with the Americana,- and that Fort Char- managed by Lewis Man- tionneati bad whipped Sacajawea. Ch.. }.1:abrorteeal lus. lowing e and Clark expedition, uel Was demtroped and 15 of Mantielai In the toldconcisely men Materna- of their two SOON, she of a trapping panty was and interestingly by killed. Manuel was back in St. Louis diaappeareil at BenCir Doane Robinson in an address before be- and afterward. drifted among the Coman- forts on some of the branches of the the fore June IS and on Aligned 11, John C. CAP14. kansas Ar- Academy of Sciences and Letters at Sioux The Commit-hem were originally it river in which were Basile Char- Luttig a•-aeared In the Orphan's Court nart of the Shoshone hulloes,. sod Ws - City, Iowa, January 10, 1924. and publish- of nation and spoke the brother as employes of St. Louis and was appointed guardian 'tame language, although Bent -and Itobideau. Bent ed in the South Dakota historical work.. to the children of Tonmsant with a different and St. Vrain Charbonneau, dialect. later on opened forts on the In it he put forth reasons for the belief deceased, to wit. Tototsant Charboaneau. month forks that Sakakawea died and was "The evidence of the Comanche, bear of the and ment their buried at %bout the age of ten years and Lisette the out to men in- Fort Manuel. It follow.: fart that there kr no one now the reeves's; of the mountable for Charbonifeau, a girl about one year. old. who knew living ping trap- subject of Kple. Istst how anal When ahe appear- and gathering furs truin various lu- "After Luttig's 11011IP had been written ed among them, but trm1 a "Set-kaitn•wert Is taut becoming the sub- In iim due time she mar- bess• ject the reword as such guardian. It watt ried one Jirk• Meat quite of ahe great national epic. Perhaps! stricken (towing with whom ahe hall natural that Haase two eat,,, sty a pen through it Jive rhildrolt." three of whom men -being employed' nolYther* Arrietlean *main- of any race has andrthe nSifle of was FORT MANITEL, erected on the Missouri riiier in Masa lh lb• by that fur com- ben so honored. Three life inter- Routh ThiC•ta, by tory. She lived among thel Com pany wandered tip into that sited statues lined. Miss Dttimin explains that Captain Manuel Lista in the early the last '211 ansche country which by artists ryf note have been part of century. Its site has been'sashed or 27 years until her linaband Jirk wits approximately adjacent to 'erected to Clark was out of the city on August 11, Rutty by the was Meat, the coon- river, and viith it the graves of those burled there. killed in ',stile.. lie aaa the first husband of her it'estlissed own choice and she was *a Airldeultperal Page/ 0 I / .11 •