IAF Human Spaceflight

Symposium 2019

Held at the 70th International Astronautical Congress (IAC 2019)

Washington, DC, USA 21 -25 October 2019

ISBN: 978-1-7138-1484-9 Printed from e-media with permission by:

Curran Associates, Inc. 57 Morehouse Lane Red Hook, NY 12571

Some format issues inherent in the e-media version may also appear in this print version.

Copyright© (2019) by International Astronautical Federation All rights reserved.

Printed with permission by Curran Associates, Inc. (2020)

For permission requests, please contact International Astronautical Federation at the address below.

International Astronautical Federation 100 Avenue de Suffren 75015 Paris France

Phone: +33 1 45 67 42 60 Fax: +33 1 42 73 21 20 www.iafastro.org

Additional copies of this publication are available from:

Curran Associates, Inc. 57 Morehouse Lane Red Hook, NY 12571 USA Phone: 845-758-0400 Fax: 845-758-2633 Email: [email protected] Web: www.proceedings.com TABLE OF CONTENTS

GOVERNMENTAL HUMAN SPACEFLIGHT PROGRAMS (OVERVIEW)

KEYNOTE: NASA’S MOON TO MARS EXPLORATION PLANS ...... 1 Ken Bowersox

JAXA’S INITIATIVE ON HUMAN SPACEFLIGHT PROGRAM FOR ISS AND BLEO ...... 2 Fumiya Tsutsui, Yukako Kagami, Seiko Piotr Yamaguchi

CANADA AND THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION PROGRAM: OVERVIEW AND STATUS SINCE IAC 2018 ...... 15 Katia Belley, Timothy Braithwaite, Luc Lefebvre, Andrea Matte, Edward Tabarah, Ken Podwalski

BRIEF INTRODUCTION OF FACILITIES AND RESEARCH PLANNING OF CHINA SPACE STATION ...... 34 Pei Han, Wei Zhang

SELECTING THE UAE’S FIRST ASTRONAUT: CHALLENGES AND RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 38 Mariam Al Zarouni, Noora Al Rafi, Saeed Karmustaji, Fatma Al Sayyah, Noora Al Shehi

FOUNDATION OF POLISH HUMAN SPACEFLIGHT PROGRAM IN COLLABORATION BETWEEN GOVERNMENT AND COMMERCIAL COMPANIES...... 46 Matt Harasymczuk, Agata Kolodziejczyk

THE LATEST ON THE POWER AND PROPULSION ELEMENT: FIRST ELEMENT OF THE LUNAR GATEWAY ...... 47 Michele Gates, Michael Barrett, Caram Joe, Melissa McGuire, Debra Ludban, Daniel Rey, R. Marshall Smith, Ronald Ticker, Scott Tilley

NASA’S HUMAN LUNAR LANDING STRATEGY ...... 59 Greg Chavers, Nantel Suzuki, Marshall Smith, Lisa Watson-Morgan, Steve Clarke, Walt Engelund, Lindsay Aitchison, Shawn McEniry, Laura Means, Michael Deklotz, Shanessa Jackson

HUMAN LUNAR MISSION DESIGN: THEN & NOW ...... 65 Nujoud Merancy, Michael Sarafin, Jennifer Gruber

COMMERCIAL HUMAN SPACEFLIGHT PROGRAMS

HUMAN SPACEFLIGHT CONTINUITY AND THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION ...... 75 Sam Scimemi

COMMERCIAL SPACEFLIGHT BEYOND LOW EARTH ORBIT ...... 82 Alexander G. Derechin, Igor Verkhovsky, Nikolay Sevastiyanov

MISSION CONTROL CENTER TO SUPPORT COMMERCIAL SPACE MISSIONS AND PASSENGER’S ACTIVITIES INSIDE OF THE CABIN ...... 86 Taichi Yamazaki SPACE EXCURSIONIST (SE) TRAINING FOR SPACEFLIGHT ...... 92 Andrey Kuritsin, Maxim Kharlamov, Denis Yadrentsev, Igor Koreshev

DEVELOPMENT OF A NOVEL SPACE MEDICINE REVIEW FRAMEWORK TO FACILITATE SAFE PUBLIC ACCESS TO SUBORBITAL SPACEFLIGHTS ...... 97 Kwasi Nkansah, Vittorio Manfredi, Dalmir Hasic, David Green, Anna Fogtman, Quinlan Buchlak, Simon Valayer, Flora Van Leeuwen

MEDICAL GUIDELINES FOR COMMERCIAL HUMAN SPACEFLIGHT: A REVIEW ...... 110 Shawna Pandya, Starr Schroeder, Jessica Clark, Michael Gallagher

FUTURE COMMERCIAL HUMAN SPACE PROGRAM FOR PEOPLE WITH LOWER LIMB DISABILITIES ...... 123 Shunsuke Miyazaki

HUMAN SPACEFLIGHT MISSION ASSURANCE IN AN EVOLVING COMMERCIAL LANDSCAPE ...... 124 Timothy Riley

PREPARING THE ATLAS V ROCKET FOR HUMAN SPACEFLIGHT ...... 125 Daniel Adams, Caleb Weiss

THE INTERACTION OF INDUSTRY AND SCIENCE IN ANALOG AND ON-BOARD EXPERIMENTS AS A POTENTIAL FOR CREATING COMMERCIAL INNOVATIONS ...... 130 Anna Kussmaul, Nikolay Burdeyniy, Usef Hesuani, Mark Belakovskiy, Oleg Orlov

SPACESHIPTWO: A SUBORBITAL VEHICLE FOR HUMAN SPACEFLIGHT AND MICROGRAVITY RESEARCH ...... 133 Sirisha Bandla, Richard Dalbello

INVESTMENT DECISION MODEL FOR A COMMERCIALLY OWNED AND OPERATED SPACE STATION IN LOW EARTH ORBIT ...... 137 George Lordos, Matthew Moraguez, Alejandro Trujillo, Samuel Wald, Richard De Neufville, Olivier De Weck

UTILIZATION & EXPLOITATION OF HUMAN SPACEFLIGHT SYSTEMS

IMPACT OF THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION RESEARCH RESULTS ...... 151 Ousmane Diallo, Tara Ruttley, Kirt Costello, Judy Tate-Brown, Luchino Cohen, Isabelle Marcil, Andreas Schoen, Jennifer Ngo-Anh, Masaki Shirakawa, Sakiko Kamesaki, Georgy Karabadzhak, Vasily Savinkov, Igor V. Sorokin, Vittorio Cotronei, Giovanni Valentini

THE UNITED NATIONS, DELIVERING ‘ACCESS TO SPACE FOR ALL’: ACTIVITY STATUS IN 2019 ...... 161 Aimin Niu, Simonetta Di Pippo, Jorge Del Rio Vera, Ian Freeman, Ayami Kojima, Luc St- Pierre

PRELIMINARY PLANNING AND POLICY PROPOSALS OF SCIENCE AND APPLICATION FOR THE CHINA’S SPACE STATION OPERATION ...... 170 Jin Ba, Wei Zhang

COLUMBUS INFRASTRUCTURE UTILIZATION BEYOND 2020 STEFAN PETSCHELT ...... 175 Stefan Petschelt MAJOR ENGINEERING ACHIEVEMENTS AT EXECUTION OF RUSSIAN RESEARCH PROGRAM ABOARD THE ISS TO SUPPORT FUTURE EXPLORATION MISSIONS ...... 183 Igor V. Sorokin, Alexander Markov, Nikolay Sevastiyanov

FIRST RESULTS FROM THE GERMAN-RUSSIAN ICARUS SYSTEM FOR ANIMAL TRACKING FROM ISS ...... 197 Johannes Weppler

LESSONS LEARNED FROM DEVELOPING AND OPERATING MISSE - THE FIRST EXTERNAL, COMMERCIAL TESTING FACILITY IN SPACE ...... 198 Mark Gittleman

SPACEQUEST – CURRENT STATUS OF THE EXPERIMENT ON TESTING GRAVITATION EFFECT ON QUANTUM ENTANGLEMENT ON THE ISS ...... 210 Norbert M. K. Lemke, Bettina Heim, Thomas Jennewein, Elena Gubbini, Andreas Neuzner

NASA’S GATEWAY: A DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF SCIENTIFIC CAPABILITIES AND POTENTIAL ...... 214 Alexander Burg

INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION, DEEP SPACE GATEWAY AND FUTURE COMMERCIAL STATIONS AS PLATFORMS FOR MICRO AND SMALL SAT ASSEMBLY, FUELING AND REFUELING ...... 229 James Bultitude, Jeremy Schiel, Daniel Faber

CREWED SERVICING MISSIONS TO SPACE OBSERVATORIES IN LAGRANGIAN POINT ORBITS ...... 234 Irina Kovalenko, Natan Eismont

BARTOLOMEO EXTERNAL PLATFORM ENTERING INTO COMMERCIAL SERVICE ...... 235 Christian Steimle, Carl Walz, Christian Fuchs, Don Pedersen, Chiara Lombardi

EXTENSION OF MULTIPLE ARTIFICIAL-GRAVITY RESEARCH SYSTEM ...... 244 Yukako Kagami, Fumiya Tsutsui, Seiko Piotr Yamaguchi

INNOVATIVE APPROACHES TO USING THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION AS A MARS TRANSIT HABITAT ANALOG ...... 248 Julie A. Robinson, Michael C. Waid, David Korth, Michelle Rucker, Royce Renfrew

FLIGHT & GROUND OPERATIONS OF HSF SYSTEMS - JOINT SESSION OF THE IAF HUMAN SPACEFLIGHT AND IAF SPACE OPERATIONS SYMPOSIA

FAST RENDEZVOUS PROFILES’ EVOLUTION: FROM THE ISS TO THE LUNAR STATION ...... 260 Rafail Murtazin, Nikolay Sevastiyanov, Nikita Chudinov

NASA SEXTANT MISSION OPERATIONS ARCHITECTURE ...... 267 Wayne Yu, Sean Semper, Jason Mitchell, Luke Winternitz, Munther Hassouneh, Samuel Price, Paul Ray, Kent Wood, Zaven Arzoumanian, Keith Gendreau

AVIONICS ON THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION: AN UPDATE ...... 276 Paul Muri

DATA MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF THE RUSSIAN COMPUTER: 20 YEARS OF FAULT TOLERANT COMPUTER OPERATION, CONTINUOUS SUSTAINING MAINTENANCE AND OVERCOME OF OBSOLESCENCE ISSUES ...... 283 Kai Burmeister, Jens Hartmann STATUS OF THE ADVANCED LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEM ACLS - INSTALLATION, COMMISSIONING AND OPERATION ON ISS ...... 293 Carlos Redondo, Klaus Bockstahler, Carsten Matthias, Daniele Laurini, Scott Hovland, Johannes Witt, Carlo Mirra

EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS OF CONTROLLING AN ANTHROPOMORPHOUS ROBOT WITH PARTICIPATION OF COSMONAUTS IN THE INTERESTS OF DEEP SPACE EXPLORATION ...... 298 Andrey Kuritsin, Vladimir Sorokin, Yuriy Chebotarev, Sergei Kud-Sverchkov, Vladimir Dmitriev, Vladimir Dovzenko, Pavel Vlasov, Maksim Kharlamov

INCREMENT 56/57 ISS EVENTS PUT FOCUS ON SAFETY ROLE OF THE COLUMBUS FLIGHT DIRECTOR...... 303 Jérôme Campan, Dieter Sabath, Gerd Söllner

SPACE STATION EMERGENCY PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT UNDER TYPICAL RESUPPLY FAILURES ...... 312 Chenglan Liu, Gongling Sun, Volker Damann, Taiwo Raphael Tejumola

LUNA 2.0 - CONSIDERATIONS FOR AN EUROPEAN GROUND SEGMENT FOR ESA’S AND DLR’S TEST BED FOR EXPLORATION ...... 326 Thomas Mueller, Petra Mittler

CONCEPT OF OPERATIONS FOR SUSTAINING A LONG TERM LARGE CREW MISSION PERFORMING ISRU AND EXPERIMENTS ON THE LUNAR SURFACE ...... 336 Lorenzo Marchino, Matteo Devecchi, Erwan Beauvois

LOGISTICS IN HUMAN SPACEFLIGHT SYSTEMS ...... 337 Christoph Pott, Aswin Karthik Ramachandran Venkatapathy, Michael Ten Hompel

ROLE OF NASA HEADQUARTERS SPACE OPERATIONS CENTER IN MISSION AWARENESS, CONTINGENCIES, AND EXTERNAL ENGAGEMENT ...... 348 Kevin Metrocavage

ASTRONAUT TRAINING, ACCOMMODATION, AND OPERATIONS IN SPACE

ASTRONAUT ROUNDTABLE ...... 363 Alan T. Deluna

LESSONS FROM THE SPACE STATIONS ...... 364 Gary Kitmacher, Igor V. Sorokin

ASSESSING ISS ASTRONAUT HABITABILITY TRAINING: A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE ...... 379 Tiffany Swarmer, Gisela Muñoz, Susan Schuh

EXPERIENCE IN TRAINING COSMONAUTS FOR VISUAL INSTRUMENTAL OBSERVATIONS FROM THE ISS USING THE FLYING LABORATORY ...... 391 Andrey Kuritsin, Pavel Vlasov, Maksim Kharlamov, Valeriy Vasiliev, Valeriy Fokin, Sergei Kud-Sverchkov

ENHANCING CREW TRAINING FOR EXPLORATION MISSIONS: THE WEKIT EXPERIENCE ...... 396 Liliana Ravagnolo, Kaj Helin, Ivano Musso, Rosa Sapone, Carlo Vizzi, Fridolin Wild, Alla Vovk, Mark Ransley, Bibeg Limbu, Carl Smith, Jazz Rasool ENABLING ASTRONAUT AUTONOMY THROUGH AUGMENTED REALITY ...... 406 Eswar Anandapadmanaban, Nicholas Anastas, Philip Ebben, Eric Hinterman, Christine Joseph, Steven Link, Julia Milton, Barret Schlegelmilch, Jessica Todd

IMMERSIVE MIXED REALITY CAPABILITIES FOR PLANNING AND EXECUTING EXPLORATION EXTRAVEHICULAR ACTIVITY ...... 414 Kara Beaton, Alexander Menzies, So Young Kim-Castet, Dava J. Newman, Stewart Abercrombie, Victor Luo, Steve Chappell, Andrew Abercromby, Darlene Lim

USE OF VIRTUAL REALITY FOR ASTRONAUT TRAINING IN FUTURE SPACE MISSIONS - SPACECRAFT PILOTING FOR THE LUNAR ORBITAL PLATFORM - GATEWAY (LOP-G) ...... 427 Miquel Bosch Bruguera, Valentin Ilk, Simon Ruber, Reinhold Ewald

HUMAN AND ROBOTIC PARTNERSHIPS IN EXPLORATION - JOINT SESSION OF THE IAF HUMAN SPACEFLIGHT AND IAF EXPLORATION SYMPOSIA

SEEKER ROBOTIC FREE FLYER EVOLUTIONARY DEVELOPMENT APPROACH ...... 437 Brian Banker

DEPLOYMENT OF THE SOLEX ENVIRONMENT FOR ANALOG SPACE TELEROBOTICS VALIDATION ...... 438 Ralph Bayer, Peter Schmaus, Martin Pfau, Benedikt Pleintinger, Daniel Leidner, Fabian Wappler, Annika Maier, Thomas Krueger, Neal Lii

POTENTIAL LIFE CYCLE BENEFITS OF INTELLIGENT TOOLS FOR GROUND CONTROL OF SPACE ROBOTICS ...... 449 Christopher S. Langley, Kieran Kneisel, Richard Rembala, Paul Fulford, Philipe Bellefeuille, Bardia Bina

BENEFITS OF ROBUST INTRAVEHICULAR ROBOTIC SYSTEMS FOR DEEP SPACE EXPLORATION ...... 459 Kyle Davidson

EVALUATION OF A HIGHLY DEXTEROUS ROBOTIC MANIPULATOR FOR UTILIZATION OF ON-ORBIT SERVICING...... 467 Caitlin King, Thomas Low, John Troll, Antonio Ortiz, Brand Griffin, Matthew Stephens

A REINFORCEMENT LEARNING APPROACH FOR THE AUTONOMOUS ASSEMBLY OF IN-SPACE HABITATS AND INFRASTRUCTURES IN UNCERTAIN ENVIRONMENTS ...... 478 Joshua Moser, John Cooper, James Neilan, William Chapin, Samantha Glassner, Erik Komendera

DEVELOPING GENERAL AI, BLOCKCHAIN, & AR/MR FOR EMERGENCY MEDICAL TRIAGE, DISASTER RELIEF AND REMOTE MEDICAL RESCUE FOR ANALOG ASTRONAUTS LIVING IN I.C.E ...... 489 John Hanacek Ma, Susan Ip-Jewell, Romulo Velasco III

ETHICAL IMPLICATIONS OF THE USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HUMAN SPACE OPERATIONS...... 490 Michael Pope, Cristina Viana, Ryan Kressler, Kirsti Wattles, Trenton Druesedow, Alyssa Hodum, Kirsten Bauernschmidt ROBOTIC CONSTRUCTION & PROTOTYPING OF A 3D-PRINTED MARS SURFACE HABITAT ...... 503 Melodie Yashar, Nikita Cheniuntai, Sergey Nefedov, Christina Ciardullo, Michael Morris, Rebeccah Pailes-Friedman

HEXHAB 3D CONSTRUCTION-PRINTED PLANETARY HABITAT FOR EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS ...... 517 Samuel Ximenes, Dallas Bienhoff, Serdar Baycan, Prashant Rao, Subramanian Sankaran, Suzana Bianco, Zachary Taylor, Allison Shaffer

ADVANCED SYSTEMS, TECHNOLOGIES, AND INNOVATIONS FOR HUMAN SPACEFLIGHT

KEYNOTE: FROM LEO TO THE MOON, MARS, AND BEYOND: SHAPING CAPABILITY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES FOR NASA’S HUMAN EXPLORATION CAMPAIGN ...... 528 Kathleen Boggs, Kandyce Goodliff, Alexander Burg, Robyn Gatens

ARCHITECTURAL ANALYSIS OF THE GATEWAY ...... 543 Daniel Pütz, Dieter Sabath, Gerd Söllner, Andreas Feigel, Andreas Garhammer, Niklas Lindig

NEXTSTEP HABITAT RISK REDUCTION FOR GATEWAY ...... 554 Tracy Gill, Michael Ching, James Clawson, Alexandra Cross, Elisabeth Moore, Mark Dillard, Paul Kessler, Douglas Craig

ESPRIT XENON REFUELING SYSTEM: A VITAL TECHNOLOGY BUILDING BLOCK FOR THE GATEWAY AND FUTURE MISSIONS...... 566 Mathias Rohrbeck, Matthias Boehme, Xavier Roser, Albane Lorieau, Philippe Schoonejans, Sarmad Aziz

LUNAR LANDER INTEGRATION WITH GATEWAY ...... 567 Xavier Simon, Amber Rist, Matthew Duggan, Travis Moseman

PRECISION REAL TIME LOCATION SYSTEM FOR ASTRONAUTS: A SMART SYSTEM TO LOCATE ASSETS IN SPACE HABITATS ...... 576 Bryan Pérez Ramírez, Ricardo Palacios López

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF CARBON NANOTUBE DUST MITIGATION SYSTEM FOR HABITAT STRUCTURES ...... 584 Kavya K. Manyapu, Pablo De Leon, Leora Peltz

WASTE FOR ENERGY AND VOLUME RECOVERY (WEVR) USING INDUCTIVELY HEATED PLASMA GENERATOR ...... 585 Samuel Anih, Adam S. Pagan, Helmut Koch, Peter Martinez, Rene Laufer, Georg Herdrich

SIRONA: SUSTAINABLE INTEGRATION OF REGENERATIVE OUTER-SPACE NATURE AND AGRICULTURE. PART 2 – DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND PROJECTED PERFORMANCE ...... 599 Heather Hava, H. Larissa Zhou, Abby King, Chad Mehlenbeck, Elizabeth Lombardi

DEVELOPMENT AND TESTING OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL AND LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEMS FOR DEEP SPACE HABITATS ...... 614 Stefan Tomovic, Pablo De Leon

A COMMERCIAL EXTRA-VEHICULAR ACTIVITY SPACE SUIT SYSTEM ...... 619 Theodore Southern, Nikolay Moiseev ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES FOR MORE EFFICIENT AND SAFE EXTRAVEHICULAR ACTIVITIES ON ROCKY PLANETARY SURFACES ...... 626 Hady Ghassabian Gilan

A FEASIBILITY STUDY OF AN ARTIFICIAL GRAVITY SYSTEM CONCEPT ...... 627 Christopher Andrea Paissoni, Pier Carlo Berri, Dario Riccobono, Laura Mainini

HUMAN SPACEFLIGHT GLOBAL TECHNICAL SESSION

COMPREHENSIVE SYSTEM SIMULATION OF EXTRAVEHICULAR ACTIVITIES IN SUPPORT OF EXPLORATION SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT ...... 637 Claas Olthoff

OPERATING A SPACE GREENHOUSE FOR 12 MONTHS IN ANTARCTICA...... 648 Paul Zabel

DESIGNING A MARTIAN GREENHOUSE AS A HABITABLE SPACE: FEASIBILITY STUDIES AND DESIGN APPROACH ...... 649 Mahsa Moghimi Esfandabadi, Olga Bannova

DMF: DEPLOYABLE MODULAR FRAME FOR INFLATABLE SPACE HABITATS ...... 656 Vittorio Netti

HUMAN SPACEFLIGHT PERFORMANCE: BOOTSTRAPPING THE INTERSECTION OF BIOMETRICS AND ARTISTIC EXPRESSION THROUGH PLANETARY MISSION ANALOGUE EVAS ...... 670 Sarah Jane Pell, Ryan Kobrick, David G. Barnes

TECHNOLOGY-MEDIATED HUMAN-PLANT INTERACTION AS A PSYCHOLOGICAL COUNTERMEASURE IN MANNED SPACE MISSIONS ...... 685 Georgios Profitiliotis, Georgios Kallergis, Avgoustos Pantazidis, Eleni Digalaki, Maria Kondoyanni, Konstantinos Anastasakis, Marianthi Liapi, Konstantinos-Alketas Oungrinis, Thomas Bartzanas

DELIVERING MORE HUMAN INTO SPACE: UAE HUMAN SPACE FLIGHT REGULATIONS ...... 687 Sumaya Alhajeri, Fatheya Al Shareji, Naser Alrashedi

ARCHITECTURE AND SPACE SYSTEMS DESIGN OF MARINA: AN ORBITAL SPACE HOTEL ...... 693 Matthew Moraguez, Valentina Sumini, Alejandro Trujillo, George Lordos

CRADLE- CALIFORNIA RESEARCH ANALOG FOR DEEPSPACE AND LUNAR ENVIRONMENTS ...... 694 Poonampreet Kaur Josan, Chrishma Singh-Derewa, Michael Lally

INTERACTIVE PRESENTATIONS - IAF HUMAN SPACEFLIGHT SYMPOSIUM

ADJUSTABLE IVA SPACESUIT ERGONOMICS – UPPER BODY MOTION ENVELOPE REFERENCE MODEL ...... 707 Ondrej Doule, Keith Crisman, Ryan Kobrick, Nicholas Lopac, Benjamin Banner, Michael Fornito II, Chase Covello AN EYE ON THE HORIZON: ANALOG MARS ROVER LOCALIZATION AND ASTRONAUT DETECTION...... 708 Bradley Hoffmann, Pablo De Leon, Jeremiah Neubert

ASTRONAUT RESILIENCE TRAINING FOR THE FUTURE MANNED SPACE MISSION ...... 715 Yumi Ohama

LUNAR LABS FOR A MINIMUM VIABLE HABITAT. STRATEGIC DE-RISKING BY DESIGN, FOR COMPLEX INNOVATION, CO-CREATION AND STARTUP PROGRAMS, BY THE EXAMPLE OF A GLOBAL TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM FOR LUNAR HABITATION IN COOPERATION WITH NASA...... 716 Marc C Lange

EXPERIENCE FROM A FOUR CREW MARS SIMULATION MISSION:A POSSIBLE INVESTIGATION FOR FUTURE SPACEFLIGHT MISSION ...... 717 Sonal Baberwal, Kunal Naik, Parmesh Saini, Avishek Ghosh

RESEARCH ON THE APPLICATION AND EXPANSION OF TIANZHOU CARGO SPACECRAFT ...... 718 Zhang Zhenhua

THE COMMERCIAL SPACE INVOICE: HOW DOES THE GENERAL PUBLIC AFFORD FUTURE SPACE PARTICIPATION? ...... 719 Yvette Marie Gonzalez, Fatoumata Kebe

Author Index