VOL. XXX No. 8 August 2018 Rs. 40.00 Ambassador Luo Zhaohui and his wife Dr. Jiang Yili met Ambassador Luo Zhaohui met with Shri. Amarinder with Shri. V.P. Singh Badnore, Governor of Punjab. Singh, Chief Minister of Punjab.

Ambassador Luo Zhaohui visited Dr. Kotnis Acupuncture Ambassador Luo Zhaohui met with Shri. Ramachandran, Hospital in Ludhiana. Editor of The Tribune.

Ambassador Luo Zhaohui met with Dr. Karan Singh, an Chinese Embassy celebrated the 91st anniversary of the Indian politician, philanthropist and poet. Founding of the People's Liberation Army of China (PLA). BRICS 2018

1. Xi Urges BRICS Countries to Deepen Strategic Partnership, Open up 2nd "Golden Decade" 4 2. Full Text of Chinese President's Speech at Plenary Session of BRICS Johannesburg Summit 7 3. Chinese President Shares Thoughts on World's Next Decade at BRICS Business Forum 8 4. Full Text of Chinese President's Speech at BRICS Business Forum in South Africa 10 5. Xi Calls for Expanding "BRICS Plus" Cooperation to Address Common Challenges 14 6. Full Text of BRICS Summit Johannesburg Declaration 17 7. Xi's Speech at BRICS Summit Highly Praised by Int'l Observers 28 8. BRICS Expected to Assist in Africa's Infrastructure Boom: Expert 29

China-India Relations

1. Xi Says China to Boost Closer Development Partnership with India 30 2. Ambassador Luo Zhaohui Meets with Chairman of Prasar Bharati 31 3. Indian Banker Calls for Closer Economic Ties Between China and India 32 4. Chinese PV Company Sungrow Opens Factory in India 33

External Affairs

1. China, South Africa Agree to Carry Forward Traditional Friendship, Achieve Greater Results 34 in Ties 2. China, UAE Agree to Lift Ties to Comprehensive Strategic Partnership 37 3. China, Rwanda Vow to Write New Chapter in Bilateral Ties 39 4. Chinese, Senegalese Presidents Pledge to Create Better Future for Ties 41 5. Xi Meets Mauritian PM on Bilateral Ties 44 6. Chinese Premier Meets British Foreign Secretary 46 7. China and the (EU) Stand Together in Firmly Supporting 47

Culture & Life

1. Lotus Flowers Bloom in Slender West Lake Scenic Spot in Yangzhou City, E China's Jiangsu 48 2. Aerial View of Zhuhai State Forest Park in Chishui City, SW China's Guizhou 50 3. Farmers Harvest Grapes in Bingjiao Village, N China's Hebei 53

1. Premier Li Keqiang Makes Inspection Tour in Xizang 54 2. Premier Li Keqiang Inspects Construction Work on Lhasa-Nyincghi Railway 55 3. An Indian Pilgrim's Journey in Xizang 57 4. Annual Xizang Festival Starts with Thangka 58 Book Review - - The Governance of China-II 60 Flights Between China and India 61 BRICS Summit 2018

BRICS Summit 2018 XI URGES BRICS COUNTRIES TO DEEPEN STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP, OPEN UP 2ND "GOLDEN DECADE"

Chinese President Xi Jinping on The session, hosted by South The leaders of the five BRICS July 26 urged BRICS countries to African President , countries exchanged in-depth views deepen strategic partnership and work was also attended by Brazilian on BRICS cooperation and major to open up a second "Golden President Michel Temer, Russian international issues of common Decade" at the Plenary Session of the President , and Indian concern under the theme "BRICS in 10th BRICS summit in Johannesburg, Prime Minister . Africa: Collaboration for Inclusive South Africa.

4 News From China August 2018 BRICS Summit 2018

Growth and Shared Prosperity in the science and technology: the rise of growth with new driving forces and 4th Industrial Revolution," reaching mechanization in the 18th century, the to address the Nor th-South broad consensuses. harnessing of electricity in the 19th imbalance and other deep-seated century, and the advent of the structural problems," he told the TURN VISION INTO REALITY Information Age in the 20th century, session. Xi said. Delivering a speech titled "Turn "What's more, constant flare-ups Our Vision into a Reality," Xi pointed Such breakthroughs have greatly of geopolitical conflicts and the out the outstanding features of the unleashed social productivity and escalation of protectionism and new industrial revolution and put significantly improved people's living unilateralism are directly affecting the forward initiatives on the future standards, thus profoundly reshaping external development environment d e ve l o p m e n t o f t h e B R I C S the course of human history, he said. of emerging markets and developing cooperation. countries," he said. The world is experiencing "Let us work together with the another revolution in science, The BRICS countries "must rest of the international community technology and industry, which is therefore have a keen grasp of the for an open, inclusive, clean and greater in scope and depth. New trend of our times, deepen our beautiful world that enjoys lasting technologies, business models and strategic partnership, and consolidate peace, universal security and common industries are emerging one after o u r c o o p e r a t i o n f r a m e wo r k prosperity," said the Chinese another. Countries around the world underpinned by economic, political president. have found their interests and future and security cooperation and people- tied together like never before, Xi to-people exchanges, so as to turn The previous three industrial said. our vision of a second 'Golden revolutions were all characterized by Decade' into a reality," said the transformative advancement in "We have yet to sustain global Chinese president.

News From China August 2018 5 BRICS Summit 2018

FOUR-POINT PROPOSAL cooperation. should strengthen solidarity, jointly address the current risks and To build the new chapter in Third, the BRICS partners should challenges, align their development BRICS cooperation, Xi put forward a expand people-to-people exchanges strategies, expand cooperation fields four-point proposal. and aim at greater people-to-people and enhance science and technology connectivity and more popular competitiveness. First, he called on the BRICS support for BRICS cooperation partners to unlock the enormous through extensive exchanges in Putin said the BRICS countries potential of economic cooperation by various areas, in order to "spread the are faced with a complicated and stepping up trade, investment, BRICS story far and wide to further e ve r- ch a n g i n g i n t e r n a t i o n a l economic, financial, and connectivity enhance the mutual understanding situation, urging them to unite and cooperation to make this pie still and traditional friendship among our coordinate with each other, stick to bigger. people," Xi said. multilateralism and international nor ms, and jointly dedicate They also need to work together Fourth, according to the Chinese themselves to protecting the t o s a f e g u a r d t h e r u l e - b a s e d president, the BRICS countries economic order, promoting high- multilateral trading regime, promote should build a network of closer quality and equal development, and trade and investment liberalization partnerships. p r o p e r l y r e s o l v i n g r e g i o n a l a n d f a c i l i t a t i o n , a n d r e j e c t hotspot issues through political protectionism outright, Xi said. "We may explore 'BRICS Plus' means. cooperation within the United "It is important that we continue Nations, the , and other The BRICS countries should to pursue innovation-driven frameworks to advance the common carry out closer cooperation under development and build the BRICS interests and boost the development multilateral frameworks and boost Partnership on New Industrial space for emerging markets and their influence in international Revolution (PartNIR) to strengthen d e v e l o p i n g c o u n t r i e s , t h u s affairs, he said. coordination on macroeconomic contributing more to world peace and policies, find more complementarities development through broader Calling the BRICS countries an in our development strategies, and partnerships," he said. important engine of global growth, reinforce the competitiveness of the Modi said they should actively help BRICS countries, STRENGTHEN improve global governance, carry economies and developing countries," PARTNERSHIP & GUARD forward multilateralism, facilitate he said. MULTILATERALISM free trade and make beneficial to all, so as to better Second, Xi urged the BRICS A d d r e s s i n g t h e s e s s i o n , protect the interests of developing members to safeguard global peace Ramaphosa highlighted the rising countries. and security, and to stay committed to unilateralism and protectionism in the multilateralism, as well as the world, and their negative impact on T h e s u m m i t i s s u e d t h e purposes and principles of the UN emerging market economies and Johannesburg Declaration, in which Charter. developing countries. the BRICS countries sent a clear signal to preserve multilateralism and "We should call on all parties to South Africa supports the BRICS reject protectionism. abide by international law and basic countries in building the PartNIR, and norms governing international takes the opportunity of the fourth The BRICS countries decided to relations and to settle disputes industrial revolution to achieve initiate the PartNIR and deepen through dialogue and differences greater development in the second cooperation in areas such as through consultation," Xi said, adding "Golden Decade" of the BRICS economy and trade, finance, political that the BRICS should jointly work cooperation, Ramaphosa said. security and people-to-people and for a new type of international cultural exchanges, according to the relations featuring mutual respect, Facing similar development tasks, declaration. equality, justice and win-win Temer said the BRICS countries

6 News From China August 2018 BRICS Summit 2018 FULL TEXT OF CHINESE PRESIDENT'S SPEECH AT PLENARY SESSION OF BRICS JOHANNESBURG SUMMIT The following is the full text of the speech: Turn Our Vision into a Reality Remarks by H.E. Xi Jinping President of the People's Republic of China At the Plenary Session of the BRICS Johannesburg Summit, Johannesburg, 26 July 2018

Chinese President Xi Jinping advent of the Information Age in the independent of people's wish. We the delivered on July 26 a speech titled 20th century. Such breakthroughs BRICS countries must therefore have "Turn Our Vision into a Reality" at the have greatly unleashed social a keen grasp of the trend of our Plenary Session of the BRICS productivity and significantly times, dee pen our strategic Johannesburg Summit. improved people's living standards, partnership, and consolidate our thus profoundly reshaping the course cooperation framework underpinned Your Excellency President Cyril of human history. by economic, political and security Ramaphosa, cooperation and people-to-people Your Excellency President Michel Today, we are experiencing exchanges. This way, we will be able Temer, another revolution in science, to turn our vision of a second Your Excellency President Vladimir technology and industry, which is "Golden Decade" into a reality, and Putin, g reater in scope and de pth. together build a community with a Your Excellency Prime Minister Breakthroughs are being made in shared future for mankind. Narendra Modi, quick succession in frontier technologies like big data and artificial First, we must unlock the Let me begin by thanking intelligence. New technologies, enormous potential of our economic President Ramaphosa and the South business models and industries are cooperation. Closer economic African government for their warm emerging one after another. Countries cooperation for shared prosperity is h o s p i t a l i t y a n d t h o u g h t f u l around the world have found their the original purpose and priority of arrangements. The BRICS Summit is interests and future tied together like BRICS cooperation. It is also in the convened in Africa again after a lapse never before. economic field that we enjoy the of five years. This is an occasion to most promising, diverse and fruitful celebrate. That said, we have yet to sustain cooperation. We need to step up global growth with new driving forces trade, investment, economic, The theme of this summit - and to address the North-South f i n a n c i a l , a n d c o n n e c t i v i t y "BRICS in Africa: Collaborating for imbalance and other deep-seated cooperation to make this pie still Inclusive Growth and Shared structural problems. What's more, bigger. At the same time, we must Prosperity in the 4th Industrial constant flare-ups of geopolitical work together at the , Revolution" - is most fitting under the conflicts and the escalation of the Group of 20, and the World current circumstances. The previous protectionism and unilateralism are Trade Organization to safeguard the three industrial revolutions were all directly affecting the external rule-based multilateral trading characterized by transformative development environment of r e g i m e, p r o m o t e t r a d e a n d advancement in science and emerging markets and developing investment liberalization and technology: the rise of mechanization countries. facilitation, and reject protectionism in the 18th century, the harnessing of outright. electricity in the 19th century, and the History keeps surging forward

News From China August 2018 7 BRICS Summit 2018

It is important that we continue to national security advisers and inception of the BRICS mechanism, p u r s u e i n n o v a t i o n - d r i v e n permanent representatives to the openness and inclusiveness have development and build a Partnership United Nations, we can make our remained our abiding commitment. on New Industrial Revolution to voice heard, put forth our solutions, The "BRICS Plus" approach we s t r e n g t h e n c o o r d i n a t i o n o n and jointly work for a new type of adopted at the Xiamen Summit is macroeconomic policies, find more international relations featuring designed to strengthen the unity and c o m p l e m e n t a r i t i e s i n o u r mutual respect, equality, justice and c o o r d i n a t i o n a m o n g B R I C S development strategies, and reinforce win-win cooperation. members for greater cohesion and, at each other's efforts in renewing the same time, to keep broadening economic driving forces and Third, we must expand people- the BRICS "circle of friends" in a upgrading economic structure. In this to-people exchanges. We the BRICS joint pursuit of shared development context, China will host ten human countries boast great civilizations. and prosperity for all emerging resources development programs When it comes to cultural and people- markets and developing countries. during which experts of our five to-people exchanges, there is a lot we We may explore "BRICS Plus" countries will be invited to draw up a can do together. As a matter of fact, cooperation within the United blueprint for our cooperation in the such exchanges have notably gained Nations, the G20, and other new industrial revolution. By so momentum over the last year or two. frameworks to advance the common doing, we hope to enhance the We should aim at greater people-to- interests and boost the development competitiveness of not only BRICS people connectivity and more popular space for emerging markets and countries but also other emerging support for BRICS cooperation d e v e l o p i n g c o u n t r i e s, t h u s markets and developing countries. through extensive exchanges in contributing more to world peace cultural, educational, health, sports, and development through broader Second, we must safeguard global tourism and other areas. China would partnerships. peace and security. Political and therefore like to suggest joint touring security cooperation is an important exhibitions by the BRICS alliances of Colleagues, component of BRICS strategic museums, art museums, national par tnership. We should stay galleries, and libraries and closer The future of BRICS is in the committed to multilateralism and to cooperation in the cultural, creative hands of our people. Let us work the purposes and principles of the and tourism industries and at the sub- together with the rest of the UN Charter. We should call on all national level. This way, we can spread international community for an parties to abide by international law the BRICS story far and wide to open, inclusive, clean and beautiful a n d b a s i c n o r m s g o ve r n i n g f u r t h e r e n h a n c e t h e mu t u a l world that enjoys lasting peace, international relations and to settle understanding and traditional universal security and common disputes through dialogue and friendship among our people. prosperity. differences through consultation. By fully leveraging the role of BRICS Fourth, we must build a network Thank you. meetings of foreign ministers, of closer partnerships. Since the CHINESE PRESIDENT SHARES THOUGHTS ON WORLD'S NEXT DECADE AT BRICS BUSINESS FORUM From new global growth drivers the world is going to witness in the drivers will take the place of old ones, to the international landscape and the next decade. seeing faster changes in the global governance system, Chinese international landscape and the President Xi Jinping here on July 25 The next decade will be a crucial international alignment of forces, shared his thoughts on the changes one in which new global growth and witnessing a profound reshaping

8 News From China August 2018 BRICS Summit 2018

of the global governance system, Xi told about 1,200 government officials S p e a k i n g o f t h e g l o b a l said while addressing the BRICS and business people. governance system, Xi pointed out Business Forum in Johannesburg, that the world is moving toward South Africa. Xi continued that emerging multi-polarity and greater economic markets and developing countries globalization amid setbacks. He said that a new round of already contribute 80 percent of revolution and transformation in global economic growth, and based “Geopolitical hotspots keep science, technology and industries on exchange rate calculation, these emerging, and the dark shadow of featuring artificial intelligence, big countries account for nearly 40 terrorism and armed conflicts still data, quantum information and bio- percent of the global economic haunts us. Unilateralism and technology are gaining momentum, output. protectionism are mounting, dealing and they are giving birth to a large a severe blow to multilateralism and number of new industries and "Growing at their current rates, the multilateral trading regime," he business forms and models and will these countries will see their said. fundamentally chang e global economic output approach half of development and people's work and the global total in a decade," Xi said. "The international community lives. "The collective rise of emerging has reached a new crossroads; and we markets and developing countries is are facing a choice between "We must seize this important unstoppable, and it will make global cooperation and confrontation, opportunity to enable emerging development more balanced and between opening-up and a close- markets and developing countries to global peace more firmly based." door policy, and between mutual achieve leapfrog development," he benefit and a beggar-thy-neighbor

News From China August 2018 9 BRICS Summit 2018

approach," Xi said. markets and developing countries, seize development opportunities, and indeed on the prosperity and jointly meet challenges, and play a Thus, the evolution of global stability of the whole world, he said. constructive role in building a new governance system will have a type of international relations and a profound impact on the development "We BRICS countries should community with a shared future for of all countries, particularly emerging keep abreast of the historical trend, mankind," Xi said. FULL TEXT OF CHINESE PRESIDENT'S SPEECH AT BRICS BUSINESS FORUM IN SOUTH AFRICA Speech by H.E. Xi Jinping, President of the People's Republic of China At the BRICS Business Forum, Johannesburg, 25 July 2018

Chinese President Xi Jinping Forum in Johannesburg, South Your Excellency President Cyril delivered on July 25 a speech titled Africa. Ramaphosa of South Africa, "Keeping Abreast of the Trend of the Your Excellency President Faure T i m e s t o A c h i e ve C o m m o n The following is the full text of Gnassingbe of Togo, Development" at the BRICS Business the speech: Your Excellency Deputy President

10 News From China August 2018 BRICS Summit 2018

David Mabuza of South Africa, Ladies and gentlemen, lives. We must seize this important Ministers, Friends, opportunity to enable emerging F r i e n d s f r o m t h e b u s i n e s s markets and developing countries to community, The BRICS mechanism owes its achieve leapfrog development. Ladies and gentlemen, birth and growth to evolution of both Friends, the global economy and the -- The next decade will see faster international landscape. In its first changes in the international Good afternoon! I am delighted decade, BRICS cooperation got off landscape and the international to visit South Africa, the "rainbow the ground and bore rich fruit. We five alignment of forces. Emerging nation," once again and meet you here BRICS countries, guided by the markets and developing countries in the beautiful city of Johannesburg. B R I C S s p i r i t o f o p e n n e s s , already contribute 80 percent of The first international summit I i n c l u s i v e n e s s a n d w i n - w i n global economic growth. Based on attended after taking office as Chinese cooperation, have deepened our exchange rate calculation, these president five years ago was the fifth cooperation, enhanced our solidarity countries account for nearly 40 BRICS Summit held in Durban. and mutual trust, improved the lives percent of the global economic Three years ago, right here in this of our peoples, and made our bond of output. Growing at their current convention center, I attended the interests and friendship even closer. rates, these countries will see their FOCAC Johannesburg Summit with Indeed, our cooperation has economic output approach half of African leaders. contributed much to global economic the global total in a decade. The recovery and growth. collective rise of emerging markets Nearly three years on, as I once and developing countries is again set foot on the African We are witnessing major changes unstoppable, and it will make global continent, I am struck by its robust unfolding in our world, something development more balanced and growth and strong vitality. unseen in a century. This is a world of global peace more firmly based. both opportunities and challenges for Thanks to the strong support of us emerging markets and developing -- The next decade will see a all participating parties, China countries. We should pursue BRICS profound reshaping of the global successfully hosted the BRICS cooperation in the historical process governance system. The world is Xiamen Summit last September. We of global transformation, and we moving toward multi-polarity and as BRICS leaders unanimously agreed should promote the development of greater economic globalization amid t o s t r e n g t h e n o u r s t r a t e g i c our own countries in the historical setbacks. Geopolitical hotspots keep par tnership, consolidate the course of promoting the common emerging, and the dark shadow of cooperation architecture with its three development of both BRICS terrorism and armed conflicts still main drivers, namely, economic countries and other countries in the haunts us. Unilateralism and cooperation, political and security world, thus making new advances in protectionism are mounting, dealing cooperation, and people-to-people the next Golden Decade. a severe blow to multilateralism and exchanges. We thus laid out a vision of the multilateral trading regime. The BRICS+ cooperation and jointly -- The next decade will be a international community has reached ushered in the second Golden Decade crucial one in which new global a new crossroads; and we are facing a of BRICS cooperation. growth drivers will take the place of choice between cooperation and old ones. A new round of revolution confrontation, between opening-up I understand that in the Nguni and transformation in science, and a close-door policy, and between language, Johannesburg means the technology and industries featuring mutual benefit and a beggar-thy- "Place of Gold." We cannot find a artificial intelligence, big data, neighbor approach. Thus, the better place to chart the course for our quantum information and bio- evolution of global governance Golden Decade than in this city of technology are gaining momentum. system will have a profound impact gold. Here in Johannesburg, I look They are giving birth to a large on the development of all countries, forward to working with other BRICS number of new industries and particularly emerging markets and leaders to embark on a new journey of business forms and models and will developing countries, and indeed on BRICS cooperation and fulfill our fundamentally chang e global the prosperity and stability of the new mission. development and people's work and whole world.

News From China August 2018 11 BRICS Summit 2018

We BRICS countries should keep o p p o r t u n i t i e s. S c i e n c e a n d technology on traditional industries abreast of the historical trend, seize technology, as the primary production and create new job opportunities in development opportunities, jointly forces, have provided inexhaustible the process of fostering new m e e t ch a l l e n g e s, a n d p l ay a power driving progress of human industries. constructive role in building a new civilization. Humanity had made giant type of international relations and a leaps forward as it progressed from an T hird, we should pursue community with a shared future for agricultural civilization to an inclusive growth to deliver benefits to mankind. industrial civilization, a process which people of all countries. Uneven and created both huge gains in social insufficient development is a First, we should pursue win-win productivity and growing pains. The common challenge facing all cooperation to build an open world today has once again reached a countries. The North-South gap, economy. Openness and cooperation critical historic juncture. In the namely, the gap between developed are the sure way to achieve progress in unfolding new round of scientific and countries and emerging markets and science and technology and growth of technological revolution and developing countries, remains huge. productivity. A trade war should be industrial transformation, new things And there are also development gaps rejected, because there will be no will inevitably emerge and take the of varying degrees within countries. winner. Economic hegemony is even place of old ones. Indeed, this will be a more objectionable, as it will difficult and painful process. But if T h e 2 0 3 0 A g e n d a f o r undermine the collective interests of countries succeed in seizing Sustainable Development provides a the international community; those opportunities that have presented comprehensive action plan for the who pursue this course will only end themselves, they will be able to international community. We BRICS up hurting themselves. achieve new dynamic growth and countries should, basing ourselves on deliver better lives to their people. our actual national conditions, follow As the world economy is going the guidance of the 2030 Agenda as through profound transition and In the face of new opportunities we pursue our own development changes, only by opening themselves brought by new science and strategies. We should put people first, can different countries achieve mutual technology, every country has an ensure coordinated economic and benefit, shared prosperity and equal right to development. Those social development and protect the sustainable development. This should who fail to keep abreast of the trend environment, thus giving our people be the right choice for all countries. of the times will fall behind and a stronger sense of fulfillment and We BRICS countries should firmly become irrelevant. What we can and happiness. We should ensure promote an open world economy, be should do is to seize opportunities, harmony between man and nature resolute in rejecting unilateralism and increase input in innovation, focus on and encourage the international protectionism, promote trade and creating new areas of growth and community to fully implement the investment liberalization and replace old growth drivers with new Paris Agreement. We should treat facilitation, and jointly steer the global ones. We should endeavor to advance nature with awe and do more to economy toward greater openness, structural refor m, remove all foster an ecological system inclusiveness, balanced growth and institutional barriers to innovation conducive to green development. It is win-win outcomes for all. We should and fully unlock innovation potential necessary to promote international ensure that economic globalization and energize the market. We should development cooperation, urge will deliver more benefits. We should develop a global perspective, boost developed countries to fulfill their h e l p e m e r g i n g m a r k e t s a n d inter national exchang es and promises on official development developing countries, African cooperation in innovation, and fully assistance and increase support to countries and the least developed leverage each other's comparative developing countries. countries in particular, fully involve strengths and resource endowment, themselves in international division so as to enable more countries and Home to more developing of labor and share in the benefits of people to benefit from scientific and countries than any other continent, economic globalization. technological advances. At the same Africa has more development time, we should ease the impact of potential than any other region in the Second, we should pursue a p p l i c a t i o n o f i n f o r m a t i o n world. We should strengthen innovation and seize development technology, automation and smart cooperation with Africa, support its

12 News From China August 2018 BRICS Summit 2018 development and make BRICS-Africa When new rules are made on such China will continue to develop cooperation a model for South-South issues as innovation, trade and itself with its door wide open. At the cooperation. We should actively carry investment and intellectual property annual conference of the Boao out cooperation with African protection or on new frontiers Forum for Asia held last April, I countries in such areas as poverty including cyberspace, outer space or announced a number of new reduction, food security, innovation, the polar regions, we should make initiatives to open China further, and infrastructure development and sure that the views of emerging these initiatives are being speedily industrialization in a way compatible markets and developing countries are pursued. China will build a more with their national conditions. We heeded, their interests and demands investment-friendly environment should help African countries develop are taken into consideration, and there that is aligned with international their economic structure, contribute are sufficient opportunities for their standards, more transparent and law- to the implementation of Agenda development. based and encourages competition 2063 of the and thus and opposes monopoly. China will enable Africa, an ancient continent, to Ladies and gentlemen, take tough law enforcement steps to gain strong vitality. Friends, strengthen protection of intellectual property rights and make IPR Fourth, we should uphold This year marks the 40th infringement even more costly. We multilateralism and improve global anniversary of China's reform and encourage companies to maintain governance. An enabling and stable opening-up. Success only comes normal technological exchanges and external environment is crucial for the through hard work. During the past cooperation, and will see to it that development of all countries, 40 years, China has come a long way. their lawful intellectual property especially emerging markets and With strenuous efforts, China has rights are protected. China will also developing countries. Obviously, the blazed a path of building socialism increase imports to promote balance current international order is not a with distinctive Chinese features. of payment under the current perfect one. But as long as it is rule- Proceeding from China's realities and account. based, aims to be equitable and developing a global vision, we in pursues win-win outcomes as its goal, China have both drawn strength from China will host the first China such an international order should not the wisdom of the time-honored International Import Expo in be discarded at will, still less should it Chinese civilization and learned from Shanghai this November, a major be dismantled and rebuilt all over other countries, both east and west. move to firmly support trade again. We have embraced the world and liberalization and open its market. integrated our country fully into it. The Expo will serve as a new We BRICS countries must uphold While pursuing its own development, platform for the world to access the multilateralism. We should urge all China has also made important Chinese market. By now, over 130 parties to fully observe collectively c o n t r i b u t i o n t o p e a c e a n d countries and regions and more than adopted international rules, and we development of mankind. 2,800 companies have confirmed should treat all countries as equals participation and over 150,000 regardless of their size, address issues As the world's biggest developing buyers in and outside China are that matter to all through consultation country, China will ride the trend of expected to attend this fair. I and oppose hegemony and power the times and pursue innovation- welcome business leaders from other politics. We should promote driven, coordinated, green and open BRICS and African countries to c o m m o n , c o m p r e h e n s i v e , development for all. We will step up attend the Expo. cooperative and sustainable security, efforts to pursue innovation-driven get actively involved in mediation development and fully engage in China will continue to vigorously efforts for resolving geopolitical inter national cooperation on pursue the to hotspot issues. It is important for us to innovation and technologies. We will create new opportunities of social firmly support the multilateral trading take an active part in South-South and economic development for regime, advance global economic cooperation to foster greater participating countries and for them governance reform and increase the o p p o r t u n i t i e s f o r c o m m o n to implement the UN 2030 Agenda. representation and voice of emerging development of emerging markets The Belt and Road Initiative, guided markets and developing countries. and developing countries. by the principle of seeking shared

News From China August 2018 13 BRICS Summit 2018 b e n e f i t s t h r o u g h e x t e n s i v e Ladies and gentlemen, development between our five consultation and joint contribution, Friends, countries. As business leaders, you originated in China but belongs to the should take bold steps to explore new world. It is our sincere hope that other Business cooperation is the most ground in pursuing reform and BRICS countries, African countries important and fruitful aspect of innovation. And working together, and other emerging markets and BRICS cooperation. Thanks to our you can surely open up new horizon developing countries will forge strong joint efforts, new advances have been for the development of our five partnerships with this initiative so that made in this cooperation this year. We countries and other emerging its benefits will reach more countries BRICS countries will forge a markets and developing countries. I and their peoples. partnership on the new industrial also hope you will keep in mind the revolution, which involves more needs of the people and pursue both China and African countries are coordination of macro economic economic and social returns, so as to destined to be good friends, good policies, closer cooperation on increase public support for BRICS brothers and good partners, and innovation and industrialization and cooperation. China-Africa cooperation stands as a joint efforts to accelerate economic fine example of South-South upgrading and the replacement of Ladies and gentlemen, cooperation. This coming September growth drivers. Our five BRICS Friends, will see a reunion of China and countries have also made good African countries at the Summit of progress in cooperation on trade This year marks the centenary of t h e Fo r u m o n C h i n a - A f r i c a facilitation, ser vice trade, e- the birth of Nelson Mandela. Let me Cooperation in Beijing. Themed on commerce, intellectual property rights quote one of his famous sayings, "China and Africa: Toward an Even and in other fields. These steps will "After climbing a great hill, one only Stronger Community with a Shared enable us to seize opportunities and finds that there are many more hills F u t u r e t h r o u g h W i n - W i n meet challenges in a changing world to climb." Indeed, the history of Cooperation," the Beijing Summit and enrich the BRICS Economic BRICS cooperation is a journey of aims to enhance complementarity Partnership Strategy. our five countries climbing great hills between China-Africa joint efforts to only to reach new heights. I am pursue the Belt and Road Initiative, The business community is the convinced that when our five the 2030 Agenda and the 2063 mainstay of BRICS economic countries forge ahead together, we Agenda on the one hand and the cooperation and a dynamic force will scale new peaks, reach new development strategies of African driving it. As business leaders, you heights, and make even greater countries on the other. This will have a great role to play in shaping the c o n t r i b u t i o n t o p e a c e a n d enable China and Africa to pursue second Golden Decade of BRICS development of mankind. high quality and high standard cooperation. I hope that you will fully cooperation for mutual benefit and leverage your strengths to enhance Thank you. common development. win-win cooperation for common XI CALLS FOR EXPANDING "BRICS PLUS" COOPERATION TO ADDRESS COMMON CHALLENGES Chinese President Xi Jinping on Xi made the remarks in a speech T h e l e a d e r s d i s c u s s e d July 27 called on emerging market to an outreach dialogue grouping international development and economies and developing countries leaders from the BRICS, the "BRICS cooperation, as well as the important to enhance cooperation in addressing Plus" and African countries at the cause of South-South cooperation, common challenges. 10th BRICS summit here. and reached broad consensuses.

14 News From China August 2018 BRICS Summit 2018

The world is undergoing great We should together seize the toward a more just and rational developments and transformation, o p p o r t u n i t y o f t h e B R I C S direction and implement the 2030 during which emerging markets and Partnership on New Industrial A g e n d a f o r S u s t a i n a b l e developing countries are faced with Revolution set up at this summit to Development, Xi said. shared opportunities and challenges, take the high ground of development, Xi said, stressing that it is increasingly and release our potential in We s h o u l d s t i c k t o t h e important for them to enhance complementarities and coordination, international development and solidarity and cooperation. so as to achieve innovative, cooperation model of regarding interconnected and inclusive North-South cooperation as the First, he said, the BRICS development, he said. main channel, and South-South countries and their partners should cooperation as a complement, he jointly deepen their mutually Third, the Chinese president said. beneficial partnership. urged the BRICS partners to jointly c r e a t e a p o s i t i v e e x t e r n a l President Xi stressed that it is We should understand, support, environment, protect the multilateral significant that the BRICS summit stay forever with and help each other, trade regime, build an open world was once again held in Africa, noting taking "BRICS Plus" cooperation as economy, continue to promote global that we should take it as an an opportunity to build an open, economic governance reform, and opportunity to comprehensively inclusive, cooperative and win-win strengthen the representation and deepen the partnership between partnership and create a platform for voice of emerging market economies BRICS and African countries. deepening South-South cooperation, and developing countries. said the Chinese president. China and Africa have been good Fourth, we should build a new friends, good partners and good Second, the BRICS countries and type of international relations brothers, said Xi, adding that with their partners should jointly explore t o g e t h e r , f i r m l y s a f e g u a r d joint efforts, the China-Africa new driving forces for development, m u l t i l a t e r a l i s m , p u s h t h e comprehensive strategic cooperative Xi said. development of international order partnership has developed rapidly,

News From China August 2018 15 BRICS Summit 2018 having formed a pattern of all-round, He also pointed out that the reflects the inclusiveness of the multi-level and wide-ranging development of socialism with BRICS cooperation. cooperation that benefits billions of Chinese characteristics has entered a people. new era, with China still being the They pledged support to world's largest . institutionalize the dialogue and build R e g a r d l e s s o f h o w t h e extensive development partnerships international order changes, China China will stay as a developing in a bid to advance South-South will continue to maintain the policy country no matter how it develops, cooperation. of sincerity, real results, affinity and staunchly support the development good faith and uphold justice and of developing countries and be Under the current circumstances shared interests to continuously committed to building close with the challenges of rising s u p p o r t A f r i c a i n a ch i e v i n g partnerships, according to the unilateralism and protectionism, all prosperity, he said. Chinese president. parties believe in the need to s t r e n g t h e n s o l i d a r i t y a n d China and Africa will jointly hold We should pull together and work cooperation between emerging the Beijing Summit of the Forum on hand in hand to strive ahead markets and developing countries, China-Africa Cooperation in advancing greater development for p r o m o t e d e v e l o p m e n t o f September. emerging markets and developing cooperative partnership between the countries, he noted. BRICS countries and Africa, enhance Xi said he is looking forward to practical cooperation in various fields meeting African leaders in the Beijing Leaders invited for the dialogue and jointly oppose unilateralism and summit and called for injecting new commended the BRICS leaders for protectionism, so as to gain inclusive impetus into the China-Africa carrying forward the practices from growth, sustainable development and comprehensive strategic cooperative last year's Xiamen Summit by benefits to all. partnership. conducting such a dialogue, saying it

16 News From China August 2018 BRICS Summit 2018

Besides Xi, other BRICS leaders, leaders or representatives of the Seychelles, Tanzania, Togo, Turkey, including South African President leaders from Angola, Argentina, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe and Cyril Ramaphosa, Brazilian President Botswana, the Democratic Republic Jamaica, as well as heads of regional Michel Temer, Russian President of Congo, Egypt, Gabon, Lesotho, organizations in Africa attended the Vladimir Putin and Indian Prime Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique, dialogue. Minister Narendra Modi, and the N a m i b i a , R w a n d a , S e n e g a l , FULL TEXT OF BRICS SUMMIT JOHANNESBURG DECLARATION BRICS in Africa: Collaboration for Inclusive Growth and Shared Prosperity in the 4th Industrial Revolution Sandton Convention Centre, Johannesberg, South Africa, 25 to 27 July 2018 10th BRICS Summit Johannesberg Declaration

Following is the full text of the the Johannesburg Summit thrust on 6. We recommit ourselves to a 10th BRICS Summit Johannesburg development, inclusivity and mutual world of peace and stability, and Declaration released on July 26: prosperity in the context of support the central role of the United technology driven industrialisation Nations, the purposes and principles I. PREAMBLE and growth. enshrined in the UN Charter and respect for international law, 1. We, the Heads of State and 4. We, the Heads of State and promoting democracy and the rule Government of the Federative Government, express satisfaction o f l a w. We r e i n f o r c e o u r Republic of Brazil, the Russian regarding the achievements of BRICS c o m m i t m e n t t o u p h o l d i n g Federation, the Republic of India, the over the last ten years as a strong multilateralism and to working People's Republic of China and the d e m o n s t r a t i o n o f B R I C S together on the implementation of Republic of South Africa, met from cooperation toward the attainment of the 2030 Sustainable Development 25 - 27 July 2018 in Johannesburg, at p e a c e, h a r m o n y a n d s h a r e d G o a l s a s we f o s t e r a m o r e the 10th BRICS Summit. The 10th development and prosperity, and representative, democratic, equitable, BRICS Summit, as a milestone in the deliberated on ways to consolidate fair and just international political history of BRICS, was held under the them further. and economic order. t h e m e " B R I C S i n A f r i c a : Collaboration for Inclusive Growth 5. We reaffirm our commitment 7. We reiterate our determination and Shared Prosperity in the 4th to the principles of mutual respect, to work together to strengthen Industrial Revolution". sovereign equality, democracy, multilateralism and the rule of law in inclusiveness and strengthened international relations, and to 2. We are meeting on the occasion collaboration. As we build upon the promote a fair, just, equitable, of the centenary of the birth of successive BRICS Summits, we democratic and representative Nelson Mandela and we recognise his fur ther commit ourselves to international order. values, principles and dedication to enhancing our strategic partnership the ser vice of humanity and for the benefit of our people through 8. We recommit our support for acknowledge his contribution to the the promotion of peace, a fairer multilateralism and the central role s t r u g g l e f o r d e m o c r a c y international order, sustainable o f t h e U n i t e d N a t i o n s i n internationally and the promotion of development and inclusive growth, international affairs and uphold fair, the culture of peace throughout the and to strengthening the three-pillar- just and equitable international order world. driven cooperation in the areas of based on the purposes and principles economy, peace and security and enshrined in the Charter of the 3. We commend South Africa for people-to-people exchanges. United Nations, respect for

News From China August 2018 17 BRICS Summit 2018 inter national law, promoting institutions of global governance to the representation of the developing democracy and the rule of law in ensure that they are able to countries so that it can adequately international relations, and to address comprehensively address global respond to global challenges. China common traditional and non- challenges. and Russia reiterate the importance traditional security challenges. they attach to the status and role of 14. We also recognise the inherent Brazil, India and South Africa in 9. We welcome the hosting of the strength of regional initiatives in international affairs and support their BRICS-Africa Outreach and second support of the objectives of the aspiration to play a greater role in the BRICS Plus Cooperation with broader multilateral system. UN. Emerging Markets and Developing Countries (EMDCs) during the 15. We further reaffirm our 1 8 . We u n d e r s c o r e t h e Johannesburg Summit. commitment to the centrality of the importance of sustained efforts universal collective security system aimed at making the United Nations 10. We express satisfaction at the enshrined in the UN Charter. We more effective and efficient in outcomes of Ministerial Meetings recognize the importance of working implementing its mandates. We that have been held (Annex 1) and towards an international system based encourage further collaboration look forward to the remainder of on international law, with the UN amongst the BRICS countries on a meetings to be held under the 2018 C h a r t e r a s i t s f u n d a m e n t a l better resourced UN, on its BRICS Calendar of Events. c o r n e r s t o n e , w h i c h f o s t e r s administration and budget, on cooperation and stability in a preserving the UN's Member State- II. STRENGTHENING multipolar order. We note the long driven character and ensuring better MULTILATERALISM, overdue outstanding task of ensuring oversight of and strengthening the REFORMING GLOBAL the adequate representation of Organisation. GOVERNANCE AND African States in the UN, especially in ADDRESSING COMMON peace and security matters. 19. We express our support for CHALLENGES continued cooperation of BRICS 16. Faced with international members in areas of mutual interest 11. We reaffirm our commitment challenges requiring our cooperative including through regular exchanges to the United Nations, as the universal efforts, we reiterate our commitment amongst their multilateral Missions. multilateral organisation entrusted to shaping a more fair, just and with the mandate for maintaining r e p r e s e n t a t i v e m u l t i p o l a r 20. We reaffirm our commitment international peace and security, international order to the shared to fully implementing the 2030 advancing global development and benefit of humanity, in which the A g e n d a f o r S u s t a i n a b l e promoting and protecting human general prohibition of the use of Development and the Sustainable rights. force is fully upheld and which Development Goals (SDGs), to excludes the imposition of unilateral provide equitable, inclusive, open, all- 12. We reaffirm our commitment coercive measures outside the round innovation-driven and to the purposes and principles framework of the UN Charter. We sustainable development, in its three enshrined in the Charter of the emphasise the indivisible nature of dimensions - economic, social and United Nations, and support for the peace and security and reiterate that environmental - in a balanced and United Nations as the universal no country should enhance its integrated manner, towards the intergovernmental organisation security at the expense of the security ultimate goal of eradicating poverty entrusted with the responsibility for of others. by 2030. We pledge our support for maintaining international peace and the important role of the United security, advancing sustainable 17. We recall the 2005 World Nations, including the High Level development as well as ensuring the Summit Outcome document and Political Forum on Sustainable promotion, and protection of human r e a f f i r m t h e n e e d f o r a D e v e l o p m e n t ( H L P F ) , i n rights and fundamental freedoms. comprehensive reform of the UN, coordinating and reviewing global including its Security Council, with a implementation of the 2030 Agenda, 13. We reiterate our commitment view to making it more representative, to reform the UN Development to the strengthening of multilateral effective and efficient, and to increase System with a view to enhancing its

18 News From China August 2018 BRICS Summit 2018 capability in supporting member e n e r g y i n d u s t r y a n d m a r ke t outcomes of the 4th BRICS States in implementing the 2030 development and intra-BRICS Environment Ministers Meeting Agenda. We urge developed countries collaboration for access to primary which was held under the theme to honour their Official Development energy sources will continue to "Strengthening cooperation amongst Assistance (ODA) commitments fully underpin our energy security. We BRICS on Circular Economy in the in time and to provide additional recognise the need to accelerate c o n t e x t o f t h e S u s t a i n a b l e development resources to developing energy transition including in Consumption and Production countries. transportation, heating and industry (SCP)". We note that the circular uses. economy approach represents 21. Regarding Climate Change, enormous potential to reduce waste, we welcome the progress towards 2 3 . We a c k n o w l e d g e t h e to forge more environmentally finalizing the Work Programme under importance of energy efficiency and sustainable processes, diversify our the Paris Agreement and express our the popularisation of an energy economies whilst contributing to willingness to continue working efficient life style in virtue of its economic growth and job creation. constructively with other Parties to potential contributions to energy conclude its related negotiations at the security, industrial competitiveness, 27. We acknowledg e the U n i t e d N a t i o n s F r a m e wo r k emissions reduction, economic outcomes of the successive BRICS Convention on Climate Change growth, job creation and other areas Environment Ministers' Meetings (UNFCCC) towards the 24th when introduced. including the implementation of the Conference of the Parties (UNFCCC E n v i r o n m e n t a l l y F r i e n d l y COP24) to be held in Katowice, 24. We acknowledge that the Technology Platform, Clean Rivers Poland in December 2018. We call BRICS Ministers of Energy agreed to Umbrella Programme and the upon all countries to fully implement establish the BRICS Energy Research Partnership for Urban Environment the Paris Agreement adopted under Cooperation Platform and to develop Sustainability Initiative. The progress the principles of the UNFCCC its Terms of Reference, and note the in the establishment of the BRICS including the principles of common ongoing discussions for that purpose. Environmentally Sound Technology but differentiated responsibilities and (BEST) Cooperation Platform is respective capabilities, and urge 25. We reaffirm and support the acknowledged, which is intended to developed countries to provide establishment of the BRICS be practical and results orientated, financial, technological and capacity- Agricultural Research Platform and would include partners, science building support to developing (ARP) initiated by India in 2016. We organisations, civil society, private countries to enhance their capability a p p r e c i a t e t h e f u n d a m e n t a l sector and financial institutions. in mitigation and adaptation. importance of research, development and innovation in global sustainability 2 8 . W e w e l c o m e t h e 22. We undertake to strengthen and competitiveness. We endeavour commitment to enhance cooperation BRICS cooperation in energy, to strengthen the agricultural research in the field of water on the basis of especially in transitioning to more collaborative networks among the sustainable development in an environmentally sustainable energy BRICS countries to enhance the integrated way, addressing the systems supportive of the global resilience of the collective agricultural themes of water access flood sustainable development agenda, and food systems in the face of the protection, drought management, balanced economic growth and the changing climate. We recognise the water supply and sanitation, water collective socio-economic wellbeing need for follow-up ste ps in and climate, systematically facilitating of our citizens. We continue to strive implementing the aims and objectives water pollution prevention and toward universal energy access, of the ARP. We commit to step up control, river and lake ecosystem energy security, energy affordability, intra-BRICS collaboration including restoration and preser vation, reduced pollution and environmental within the frame of the Agriculture ecosystem conservation, and water conservation. We reaffirm that the Research Platform and the Basic resources management. diversification of energy supply Agriculture Information Exchange sources, including renewable and low System (BAIES). 29. We acknowledge the BRICS carbon energy sources, investments in Meeting of Heads of Disaster energy and energy infrastructure, 2 6 . We a c k n o w l e d g e t h e Management in Buffalo City, wherein

News From China August 2018 19 BRICS Summit 2018 the Action Plan 2018-2020, was 33. We deplore the continued Conference on Disarmament. adopted and the first meeting of the terrorist attacks, including in some BRICS Joint Task Force was held to BRICS countries. We condemn 36. We firmly believe that those further enhance our cooperation in terrorism in all its forms and responsible for committing, this field. manifestations wherever committed organising, or supporting terrorist and by whomsoever. We urge acts must be held accountable. We 30. We reaffirm the intention to concer ted effor ts to counter call upon all nations to adopt a e n h a n c e c o o p e r a t i o n a n d terrorism under the UN auspices on c o m p r e h e n s ive a p p r o a ch i n collaboration amongst BRICS a firm international legal basis and combating terrorism, which should countries in the field of biodiversity express our conviction that a include countering radicalisation, conservation, sustainable use and c o m p r e h e n s i v e a p p r o a c h i s recruitment, travel of Foreign equitable access and benefit sharing necessary to ensure an effective fight Terrorist Fighters, blocking sources of biological resources, and also against terrorism. We recall the and channels of terrorist financing u n d e r t a k e t o p r o m o t e o u r responsibility of all States to prevent including, for instance, through cooperation in biodiversity-related financing of terrorist networks and organised crime by means of money- international conventions and fora t e r r o r i s t a c t i o n s f r o m t h e i r laundering, supply of weapons, drug including on endangered species and territories. trafficking and other criminal amongst our National Parks activities, dismantling terrorist bases, authorities. 34. We call upon the international and countering misuse of the community to establish a genuinely Internet by terrorist entities through 31. We recognise the vast broad international counter-terrorism misuse of the latest Information and potential in cooperation and coalition and support the UN's central Communication Technologies collaboration in advancing the coordinating role in this regard. We (ICTs). Oceans Economy amongst BRICS stress that the fight against terrorism countries, which encompasses must be conducted in accordance 37. We reaffirm the importance multiple sectors, including the with international law, including the of the elaboration under the UN strategic areas of maritime transport, Charter of the United Nations, auspices of rules, norms and shipbuilding, offshore oil and i n t e r n a t i o n a l r e f u g e e a n d principles of responsible behaviour exploration, aquaculture, port humanitarian law, human rights and of States in ensuring security in the d e v e l o p m e n t , r e s e a r c h a n d fundamental freedoms. We reaffirm use of ICTs. technolog y, conser vation and our commitment on increasing the sustainable use of marine resources, effectiveness of the UN counter- 38. We embrace the undeniable marine and coastal tourism, financial terrorism framework, including in the benefits and new opportunities and insurance services, as well as a r e a s o f c o o p e r a t i o n a n d brought about by the advances in coastal industrial zone development. coordination among the relevant UN ICTs, especially in the context of the entities, designation of terrorists and 4th industrial revolution. However, 32. We remain committed to the terrorist groups and technical these advances also bring with them continued implementation of the assistance to Members States. We call new challenges and threats resultant Agenda for BRICS cooperation on for expeditious finalisation and from the growing misuse of ICTs for population matters 2015-2020, adoption of the Comprehensive criminal activities, the increasing which was agreed to by the Ministers Convention on Inter national malicious use of ICTs by state and responsible for Population Matters Terrorism (CCIT) by the United non-state actors. In this regard, we in 2014, because the dynamics of Nations General Assembly. s t r e s s t h e i m p o r t a n c e o f population age structure changes in international cooperation against BRICS countries pose challenges 35. To address the threat of terrorist and criminal use of ICTs a n d p r e s e n t o p p o r t u n i t i e s , chemical and biological terrorism, we and therefore reiterate the need to particularly with regard to gender support and emphasise the need for develop a universal regulatory inequality and women's rights, youth launching multilateral negotiations on binding instrument on combating the development, employment and the an international convention for the criminal use of ICTs within the UN. future of work, urbanisation, suppression of acts of chemical and We acknowledge the progress made migration and ageing. biological terrorism, including at the in promoting cooperation according

20 News From China August 2018 BRICS Summit 2018 to the BRICS Roadmap of Practical North Africa should not be used to the necessary assistance. We urge all Cooperation on Ensuring Security in delay resolution of long-standing parties to fully respect international the Use of ICTs or any other mutually conflicts, in particular the Palestinian- law, to cease hostilities and to return a g r e e d m e ch a n i s m . We a l s o Israeli conflict. We reiterate the need to the UN brokered peace talks, acknowledge the importance to for renewed diplomatic efforts to leading to an inclusive Yemeni-led establish a framework of cooperation a c h i e v e a j u s t , l a s t i n g a n d dialogue towards the achievement of among BRICS member States on comprehensive settlement of the a political solution to the conflict. ensuring security in the Use of ICTs Israeli-Palestinian conflict in order to and, in this regard, BRICS member achieve peace and stability in the 44. We also call on all parties S t a t e s w i l l w o r k t o w a r d s Middle East on the basis of relevant directly involved in the current consideration and elaboration of a United Nations resolutions, the diplomatic crisis in the Gulf region to BRICS intergovernmental agreement Madrid Principles, the Arab Peace overcome their dissensions through on cooperation on this matter. Initiative and previous agreements dialogue and welcome the efforts of between the parties, through Kuwait in this regard. III. STRENGTHENING AND negotiations with a view to creating an CONSOLIDATING BRICS independent, viable, territorially 45. We reaffirm our support for C O O P E R A T I O N I N contiguous Palestinian State living the process of an "Afghan-led, INTERNATIONAL PEACE side by side in peace and security with Afghan-owned" national peace and AND SECURITY Israel. We reiterate that the status of reconciliation process. We express Jerusalem is one of the final status our concern over the deteriorating 39. We reaffirm our commitment issues to be defined in the context of situation in Afghanistan particularly to collective efforts for peaceful negotiations between Israel and the increase in the number and settlement of disputes through Palestine. With regard to the situation intensity of terrorist-related attacks political and diplomatic means, and in Gaza, we reiterate our support to on the Afghan National Security recognise the role of the UN Security the UN General Assembly Resolution Forces, the Government and Council as bearing the primary ( A / R E S / E S - 1 0 / 2 0 ) o n t h e civilians. We call on the international responsibility for maintaining protection of the Palestinian community to assist the government international peace and security. population and call for its full and the people of Afghanistan with implementation. the objective of working towards the 40. We express our concern over realisation of peace. We also the ongoing conflict and heightened 42. We reiterate our support for welcome the Parliamentary elections tensions in the Middle-East region the United Nations Relief and Works that are scheduled to be held in and our conviction that there is no Agency for Palestine Refugees in the October 2018 and the Presidential place for unlawful resorting to force Near East (UNRWA). We commend elections in 2019. or external interference in any conflict its vital role in providing health, and that, ultimately, lasting peace can education and other basic services for 46. We reaffirm our commitment only be established through broad- almost 5.3 million Palestinian refugees for a political resolution of the based, inclusive national dialogue with and underscore its relevance to conflict in Syria, through an inclusive due respect for the independence, bringing stability to the region and the "Syrian-led, Syrian-owned" political territorial integrity and sovereignty of need for ensuring a more adequate, process that safeguards the state each of the countries of the region. sufficient, predictable and sustained sovereignty, independence and We agree that, in each of the countries funding for the Agency. territorial integrity of Syria, in in the region, citizens have legitimate pursuance of United Nations aspirations to fully enjoy civil, 43. The ongoing conflict and Security Council Resolution 2254 political, economic, social and cultural major humanitarian crisis in the (2015) and taking into account the rights and fundamental freedoms, Republic of Yemen are also causes for result of the Congress of the Syrian especially with regard to the Israeli- fur ther concer n. We call for National Dialogue in Sochi. We Palestinian situation. unhindered access for the provision reiterate our support for the Geneva of humanitarian assistance to all parts process and the mediation offered by 41. We agree that the conflicts of Yemen and urge the international the UN, as well as the Astana process elsewhere in the Middle East and community to expeditiously provide which has been showing signs of

News From China August 2018 21 BRICS Summit 2018 positive developments on the ground, military confrontation. We reaffirm for Security held on 28 and 29 June and stress the complementarity that the prevention of an arms race, 2018 in Durban, and commend them between the two initiatives. We including of the placement of for enriching BRICS' dialogue on the reaffirm our commitment to a weapons in outer space, would avert a global security environment, peaceful resolution in Syria and our grave danger for international peace counter-terrorism, security in the use opposition to measures that run and security. We emphasise the of ICTs, major international and contrary to the UN Charter and the paramount importance of strict regional hotspots, transnational authority of the United Nations compliance with the existing legal organised crime, peacekeeping, as Security Council (UNSC) and that do regime providing for the peaceful use well as the linkage between national not contribute to advancing the of outer space. We also reaffirm that security and development issues. political process. We also highlighted there is a need to consolidate and the importance of unity in the fight reinforce this regime. We welcome the 52. We emphasise the important against terrorist organisations in Syria newly established Group of role of United Nations peacekeeping in full observance of the relevant Governmental Experts to discuss to international peace and security, UNSC Resolutions. We reiterate our possible elements for a legally binding and the contribution of BRICS strong condemnation of the use of instrument on the prevention of an countries in this regard. We recognise chemical weapons by any party, for arms race in outer space including the need for BRICS countries to a n y p u r p o s e a n d u n d e r a n y inter alia, on the prevention of the f u r t h e r e n h a n c e m u t u a l circumstances and renew calls for placement of weapons in outer space. communication and cooperation on c o m p r e h e n s i v e , o b j e c t i v e , We stress that practical transparency peacekeeping matters at the United independent, and transparent and confidence building measures Nations and the South African investigations of all alleged incidents. may also contribute towards non- initiative for a BRICS working group We call for enhanced efforts to placement of weapons in outer space. on peacekeeping in this regard. provide necessary humanitarian We reiterate that the Conference on assistance to the Syrian people, D i s a r m a m e n t , a s t h e s i n g l e 53. We commend the African bearing in mind urgent reconstruction multilateral disarmament negotiating Union for its efforts aimed at needs. forum, has the primary role in the resolving and managing conflicts on neg otiation of a multilateral the continent and welcome the 4 7 . R e c a l l i n g t h e J o i n t ag reement or ag reements, as strengthening of the cooperation Comprehensive Plan of Action appropriate, on the prevention of an between the United Nations Security (JCPOA) on the Iranian nuclear arms race in outer space in all its Council and the African Union Peace programme we call upon all parties to aspects. and Security Council. We commend fully comply with their obligations the African Union's commitment to and ensure full and effective 50. We welcome South Africa's the "Silencing of the Guns by 2020" implementation of the JCPOA to hosting of the Meeting of BRICS and support efforts to strengthen the promote international and regional Ministers of Foreign Affairs/ A f r i c a n Pe a c e a n d S e c u r i t y peace and security. International Relations in Pretoria on Architecture. 4 June 2018. The Ministers exchanged 4 8 . We w e l c o m e r e c e n t views on major global political, IV. BRICS PARTNERSHIP FOR developments to achieve the security, economic and financial issues G L O B A L E C O N O M I C complete denuclearisation of the of common concer n and on RECOVERY, REFORM OF Korean Peninsula and maintain peace strengthening BRICS cooperation. FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC and stability in North East Asia. We We look forward to the forthcoming G L O B A L G OV E R NA N C E reaffirm the commitment for a Meeting of the BRICS Ministers of INSTITUTIONS, AND THE peaceful, diplomatic and political Foreign Affairs/International F O U R T H I N D U S T R I A L solution to the situation. Relations on the margins of the 73rd REVOLUTION Session of the United Nations 49. We express our serious General Assembly. 54. We welcome that the global concern about the possibility of an economy has continued to improve, arms race in outer space and of outer 51. We welcome the 8th Meeting while noting that growth has been space turning into an arena for of the BRICS High Representatives less synchronised and that downside

22 News From China August 2018 BRICS Summit 2018 risks still remain. This is reflected in a submitted to the BRICS Chair. The area. We affirm the value of variety of challenges including rising PartNIR aims at deepening BRICS implementing coordinated BRICS trade conflicts, geopolitical risks, cooperation in digitalisation, scientific projects aimed at commodity price volatility, high industrialisation, innovation, p r o m o t i n g B R I C S s c i e n c e , private and public indebtedness, inclusiveness and investment, to technology and innovation potential inequality and not sufficiently maximise the opportunities and as a contribution to our combined inclusive growth. We understand the address the challenges arising from efforts in addressing the challenges critical importance of ensuring that the 4th Industrial Revolution. It of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. the benefits from growth are shared in should enhance comparative a more inclusive manner. We further advantages, boost economic growth, 59. We commend the progress stress the importance of a favourable promote economic transformation of of ongoing BRICS IPR cooperation. external environment for sustained BRICS countries, strengthen We recognise the importance of the growth of global trade. sustainable industrial production development and transfer of capacity, create networks of science technologies, including to developing 55. BRICS economies continue parks and technology business countries, contributing to long-term to sup p o r t g l o b a l eco n o m i c incubators, and support small and sustainable and balanced global expansion and outlook. We advocate medium-sized enter prises in growth, and in this regard stress the continued use of fiscal, monetary and technology intensive areas. We believe importance of strengthening structural policies in concert, to forge that the initiative to establish the cooperation in intellectual property strong, sustainable, balanced and BRICS Networks of Science Parks, rights which contributes to inclusive growth. We express concern Technology Business Incubators and innovation and the advent of new at the spill-over effects of macro- Small and Medium-sized Enterprises technologies to the benefit of society economic policy measures in some is a promising step in that direction. as a whole. major advanced economies that may cause economic and financial 57. We recognise the critical and 60. We are convinced that trade volatility in emerging economies and positive role the internet plays globally and technology are vital sources of impact their growth prospects in promoting economic, social and inclusive growth, including through adversely. We call on major advanced cultural development. In this regard, e c o n o m i c i n t e g r a t i o n a n d and emerging market economies to we commit to continue to work consolidation of global value chains continue policy dialogue and together through the existing in sustainable and equitable ways. coordination in the context of the mechanisms to contribute to the Technological progress will have G20, FSB and other fora to address secure, open, peaceful, cooperative wide ranging implications for these potential risks. and orderly use of ICTs on the basis production of goods and services as of participation by all states on an wel l a s i n co m es o f p eo p l e. 56. Recalling the Johannesburg equal footing in the evolution and Appropriate policies and measures Summit's focus on the 4th Industrial functioning of the internet and its need to be taken to ensure that the Revolution and the outcomes of the governance, bearing in mind the need developing countries benefit from BRICS Meetings of Science and to involve the relevant stakeholders in the advantages of technological Technology and Industry Ministers, t h e i r r e s p e c t i v e r o l e s a n d progress and do not suffer from lack we commend the establishment of responsibilities. of its early adoption. It is essential to the BRICS Partnership on New develop effective policies to bridge Industrial Revolution (PartNIR). To 58. We recognise the importance the digital divides, including through commence the full operationalisation of BRICS scientific, technical, supporting people to learn and by of PartNIR, an Advisory Group will innovation and entrepreneurship adopting new technologies and be set up, comprising of respective c o o p e r a t i o n f o r s u s t a i n a b l e ensure effective mechanisms for representatives of BRICS Ministries development and to enhance inclusive transfer of relevant technologies. of Industry, in consultation with growth. We welcome the dynamic appropriate Ministries, to develop, as a development of BRICS cooperation 61. We strongly acknowledge first step, the Terms of Reference and in science, technology and innovation that skills development is critical to a Work Plan aligned with the 4th and attach special importance to the addressing the emerging mismatch Industrial Revolution priorities, to be advancement of our joint work in this

News From China August 2018 23 BRICS Summit 2018 between the new skills demanded by trading system and is designed to Africa's industrialisation and the an increasingly technology-and enhance security and predictability in realisation of the African Union's knowledge-driven global economy international trade. We note with Agenda 2063, we commend African and the older skill set of many concern the impasse in the selection countries and the African Union on workers. The pace, scale and scope of process for new Appellate Body t h e s i g n i n g o f t h e A f r i c a n present-day economic change make it Members that can paralyse the dispute Continental Free Trade Area that more challenging. In this regard, settlement system and undermine the (AfCFTA). The AfCFTA is an we support measures including policy rights and obligations of all Members. impor tant step to economic recommendations proposed in the We, therefore, urge all Members to integration on the continent and the G20 Initiative to Promote Quality engage constructively to address this unlocking of the tremendous Apprenticeship and the BRICS challenge as a matter of priority. potential of intra-African trade and Action Plan for Poverty Alleviation in addressing its socio-economic and Reduction through Skills, to 65. We acknowledge the need to challenges. In this regard, we reiterate further facilitate vocational training, upkeep WTO's negotiating function. our support for Agenda 2063 and lifelong learning and the training that We, therefore, agree to constructively efforts to promote continental is relevant to the fast-changing engage in further developing the integration and development. demand of growing economies and current legal framework of the world of work. multilateral trading system within the 68. We advocate for a strong WTO, taking into consideration the Global Financial Safety Net with an 62. We reaffirm the centrality of concerns and interests of all WTO adequately resourced, quota-based the rules-based, transparent, non- members, including in particular the International Monetary Fund (IMF) discriminatory, open and inclusive developing members. at its centre. To this effect, we multilateral trading system, as reaffir m our commitment to embodied in the World Trade 6 6 . We a c k n o w l e d g e t h e conclude the IMF's 15th General Organisation (WTO), that promotes a importance of infrastr ucture Review of Quotas, including a new predictable trade environment and development and connectivity in quota formula while protecting the the centrality of the WTO, and Africa and recognise the strides made voice of the poorest countries by the recognise the importance of the by the African Union to identify and 2019 Spring Meetings and no later development dimension, and will address the continent's infrastructure than the 2019 Annual Meetings. make all efforts to strengthen the challenges, inter alia, through the New Governance reform of the IMF multilateral trading system. Partnership for Africa's Development should strengthen the voice and (NEPAD) and the Programme for representation of the poorest 63. We recognise that the Infrastructure Development in Africa members of the IMF, including Sub- multilateral trading system is facing (PIDA). We support the importance Saharan Africa. unprecedented challenges. We of stimulating infrastr ucture underscore the importance of an investment on the basis of mutual 6 9 . W e w e l c o m e a n d open world economy, enabling all benefit to support industrial congratulate Governor Lesetja countries and peoples to share the development, job-creation, skills Kganyago of the South African benefits of globalisation, which development, food and nutrition Reserve Bank on his appointment as should be inclusive and support security and poverty eradication and the Chair of the International sustainable development and sustainable development in Africa. Monetary and Financial Committee. prosperity of all countries. We call on We therefore reaffirm our support for all WTO members to abide by WTO s u s t a i n a b l e i n f r a s t r u c t u r e 70. We note the steps undertaken rules and honour their commitments development in Africa, including on strengthening and ensuring the in the multilateral trading system. addressing the infrastr ucture operational readiness of the BRICS financing deficit. Contingent Reserve Arrangement 64. We recall that the WTO (CRA) and welcome the completion Dispute Settlement System is a 67. Keenly aware of the need for of a successful test run of the de- cornerstone of the multilateral

24 News From China August 2018 BRICS Summit 2018 l i n k e d p o r t i o n o f t h e C R A progress made by the NDB in including cooperation within m e c h a n i s m . We e n c o u r a g e providing resources to contribute to Financial Actions Task Force (FATF) cooperation between the CRA and t h e s o c i a l , e c o n o m i c a n d and World Customs Organisation. In the IMF. environmental prospects of our this regard, we underscore the countries and expect the Project importance of increasing mutual 71. We note with satisfaction the Preparation Fund to be put into exchanges and data sharing. We progress achieved on establishing the operation soon. We welcome the emphasise the importance of BRICS Local Currency Bond Fund, upcoming establishment of the upholding and supporting the and look forward to starting its Americas Regional Office in Sao objectives of FATF and to intensify operation. Paulo, Brazil, which, alongside the our cooperation to implement and Africa Regional Centre, will help the improve its Standards on Combating 7 2 . We a g r e e t o f u r t h e r NDB consolidate its presence in M o n e y L a u n d e r i n g a n d t h e s t r e n g t h e n c o o p e r a t i o n o n those continents. We note the NDB's Financing of Ter rorism and convergence of accounting standards Board of Governors' discussions on Proliferation in FATF. and auditing oversight of BRICS I n n o v a t i v e A p p r o a c h e s f o r countries in the area of bond issuance, Development Finance at its 3rd 79. Corruption remains a global and to further cooperation in these Annual Meeting on 28-29 May in challenge with long-lasting impact, areas. Shanghai, China, that deliberated on including the undermining of legal the NDB's future development in the systems of states. It also presents a 73. We welcome the signing of changing global environment. threat to economic growth by the Memorandum of Understanding discouraging the necessary local and on Collaborative Research on 77. We stress the importance of foreign investment in a country. We Distributed Ledger and Blockchain e n h a n c i n g B R I C S f i n a n c i a l reaffir m our commitment to Technology in the Context of the cooperation to better serve the real international cooperation as Development of the Digital economy and meet the development envisaged in Chapter IV of the Economy. We believe that this work needs of BRICS countries. In the United Nations Convention against will contribute to our cooperation in regard, we reaffirm our commitment Corruption. In that context, we adapting to the evolving internet to facilitate financial market c o m m i t t o s t r e n g t h e n i n g economy. integration through promoting the international cooperation within the network of financial institutions and context of the BRICS Working 74. Infrastructure, investment the coverage of financial services G r o u p o n A n t i c o r r u p t i o n and international development within BRICS countries, subject to Cooperation. Subject to our assistance projects are the bedrock for each country's existing regulatory domestic legal systems we will sustainable economic development f r a m e wo r k a n d W T O G AT S cooperate in anti-corruption law and growth; boosting productivity obligations, and to ensure greater enforcement, extradition of and enhancing integration. We stress communication and cooperation fugitives, economic and corruption the significance of infrastructure between financial sector regulators. offenders and repatriation in matters development and integration to foster We will continue to enhance currency relating to assets recovery and other closer economic ties. cooperation, consistent with each related criminal and non-criminal central bank's legal mandate, and to matters involving corruption and call 75. We underscore the role that explore more modalities of the on the International community to Multilateral Development Banks cooperation. We will also further deny safe haven to corrupt persons (MDBs), in particular, the New expand green financing, so as to and proceeds of corruption. We Development Bank (NDB), are promote sustainable development in regard experience sharing and playing in catalysing private sector BRICS countries. exchange as key to increasing mutual financing for public infrastructure understanding and enhancing BRICS and investment. 78. We reaffirm our commitment anti-corruption cooperation and will to support international cooperation continue our efforts in this aspect as 76. We draw satisfaction from the in combating illicit financial flows, we have done in previous years. We

News From China August 2018 25 BRICS Summit 2018 will further offer each other support 81. We welcome the signing of e n s u r e t h e f a i r n e s s o f t h e in the implementation of the UNCAC the BRICS Memorandum of international tax system particularly by creating platforms for exchanging Understanding on Regional Aviation. towards the prevention of base i n f o r m a t i o n a n d e x p l o r i n g We believe it is an important erosion and shifting of profits, convergences in multi-lateral milestone in strengthening BRICS exchange of tax information, both platforms. We commend the African cooperation in the fields of on request and automatically, and Union on choosing 2018 as the year connectivity and infrastructure. needs-based capacity building for of combating corruption. developing countries. We commit to 82. We appreciate the outcomes deepen exchanges, sharing of 80. In operationalising the of cooperation between BRICS experiences, best practices, mutual Strategy for BRICS Economic Customs Administrations in learning and exchanges of personnel Partnership, we welcome the positive i m p l e m e n t i n g t h e S t r a t e g i c in taxation matters. We welcome the outcomes of the 8th BRICS Trade Framework of BRICS Customs establishment of the Capacity Ministers Meeting as supported by the Cooperation, and welcome its long- Building Mechanism between BRICS ongoing activities of the BRICS term objectives, including the early Revenue Authorities. Contact Group on Economic and conclusion and entry into force of the Trade Issues (CGETI). We also B R I C S C u s t o m s M u t u a l 84. We acknowledg e the welcome the good progress made in Administrative Assistance Agreement contributions of the BRICS Business the implementation of the BRICS so that the BRICS Authorised Council and its 5th Annual Report, as Action Agenda on Economic and Economic Operator Programme is well as of the BRICS Business Trade Cooperation. We encourage functional by the end of 2022, Forum, to enhancing trade and measures that support greater including mutual recognition of b u s i n e s s c o o p e r a t i o n i n participation, value addition and controls and economic operators. In infrastructure, manufacturing, upward mobility in Global Value this regard, we further welcome the energy, agribusiness, financial Chains for our firms, particularly in BRICS Customs Action Plan, which services, regional aviation, alignment industry and agriculture, especially identifies actions that will be taken of technical standards and skills Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises collectively by the BRICS Customs development. We welcome the (MSMEs), including through the Administrations in the short, medium establishment of Digital Economy preservation of policy space to and long term to achieve the stated Wo r k i n g G r o u p w i t h i n t h e promote industrial development. In goals and the establishment of BRICS framework of BRICS Business recognising the importance of Custom Training Centres. We Council. increased value-added trade amongst recognise the potential of the BRICS BRICS countries, we commend the Customs Cooperation Committee 85. Recognizing tourism's great Ministers of Trade for reconvening and call for enhanced intra-BRICS potential to contribute to sustainable CGETI's Trade Promotion Working co o p era ti o n a n d a t rel eva n t economic and social development, Group as well as the BRICS E- multilateral fora, including in trade we welcome the initiative to establish Commerce Working Group. We facilitation, law enforcement, use of a BRICS Working Group on welcome the commissioning of the advanced information technologies To u r i s m , t o f o s t e r g r e a t e r review of the BRICS Joint Trade and capacity building. cooperation between the BRICS Study on promoting intra-BRICS countries and increase economic Value Added Trade. We welcome the 8 3 . We a c k n o w l e d g e t h e development and people-to-people positive outcomes of the 8th BRICS continued support provided by the relations. The BRICS Tourism work Tra de Ministers Meeting on BRICS Revenue Authorities for all the stream will exchange knowledge, cooperation on the IPR, e-commerce, international initiatives towards experience and best practices in the trade in ser vice, and further reaching a globally fair and universally areas of travel trade, air connectivity, enhancement of cooperation in E- transparent tax system. We will tourism infrastructure, culture and commerce, on standards and technical continue our commitment to deal medical tourism, barriers to tourism regulations, MSMEs and model e- with the implications of the digital marketing, tourism safety and port. economy and, within that context, to support - financial, insurance and

26 News From China August 2018 BRICS Summit 2018 medical. We note with satisfaction High-Level Meeting of the UN towards strengthening cooperation that Intra-BRICS Tourism has grown General Assembly on Ending and interaction amongst our people, despite the global economic Tuberculosis and the 3rd High-Level through exchanges including the downturn. Meeting of the UN General Think-Tank Council, the Academic Assembly on the Prevention and Forum, the Civil BRICS Forum, the V. P E O P L E - T O - P E O P L E Control of non-communicable Young Diplomats Forum, the Youth COOPERATION diseases, to be held in September Summit and the Young Scientists 2018. Forum. 86. Emphasising the centrality of people in BRICS and its programmes, 92. We recognise the importance 97. We acknowledge the South we commend the steady progress and and role of culture as one of the African initiative regarding a BRICS exchanges in the fields of sports, drivers of the 4th Industrial Foreign Affairs Spokespersons youth, films, culture, education and Revolution and acknowledge the Engagement. tourism. economic opportunities that it presents. 98. We welcome the successful 87. We reaffirm our commitment hosting of the 3rd BRICS Games by to a people-centred approach to 9 3 . W e c o m m e n d t h e South Africa and we further note the development that is inclusive of all organisation of the 3rd BRICS Film progress that has been made in sectors of our people. Festival and recognise the need to establishing the BRICS Sports 88. We acknowledge the 8th further deepen cooperation in this Council. World Water Forum held in Brasilia, field. We acknowledge South Africa's the world's major water-related event, proposal regarding a draft BRICS 99. Emphasising the importance held in the Southern Hemisphere for Treaty on Co-Production of Films to of BRICS parliamentary exchanges, the first time, which contributed to further promote cooperation in this i n c l u d i n g o f W o m e n establishing water as a priority at the sphere and to showcase the diversity Parliamentarians, we look forward to global level. of BRICS cultures. further strengthening of BRICS exchanges in this regard. 89. We stress the importance for 94. We emphasise the guiding role the BRICS countries to cooperate in o f t h e A c t i o n P l a n f o r t h e 100. Emphasising the role played matters related to outer space and we Implementation of the Agreement by women in promoting inclusive confirm our support to strengthening between the Governments of the development, we note the work being current initiatives in this field. BRICS States on Cooperation in the done to consider the establishment Field of Culture (2017-2021) for of the BRICS Women's Forum and 90. We commit to strengthening creative and sustainable cultural the BRICS Women's Business the coordination and cooperation on cooperation, and we note the various Alliance. vaccine research and development ongoing activities and initiatives of within BRICS countries, and welcome the BRICS culture experts. 101. Brazil, Russia, India, and the proposal to establish a BRICS China commend South Africa's vaccine research and development 95. We acknowledge the 2nd BRICS Chairship in 2018 and express centre. BRICS Seminar on Governance 2018 their sincere gratitude to the in Johannesburg, while recognising Government and people of South 91. We welcome the 1st WHO the intention of Brazil to hold the 3rd Africa for hosting the 10th BRICS Global Ministerial Conference on meeting in 2019 with greater and Summit in Johannesburg. E n d i n g Tu b e r c u l o s i s i n t h e more diverse participation of Sustainable Development Era: A academia and think tanks of all 102. Russia, India, China and Multisectoral response, in Moscow in BRICS countries. South Africa extend full support to 2017, and the resulting Moscow Brazil for its BRICS Chairship in declaration to End TB and stressed 96. We acknowledge with 2019 and the hosting of the 11th the importance of the upcoming 1st satisfaction the progress made BRICS Summit.

News From China August 2018 27 BRICS Summit 2018 XI'S SPEECH AT BRICS SUMMIT HIGHLY PRAISED BY INT'L OBSERVERS Beijing, July 27 (Xinhua) -- Mpofu said that development and Chinese President Xi Jinping's speech prosperity can be possible only when In his speech, President Xi at the 10th BRICS summit in security is guaranteed. proposed to explore BRICS Plus Johannesburg is highly praised by cooperation within the United scholars and observers of BRICS P r e s i d e n t X i " h a s b e e n Nations, the G20 and other members and other countries. consistently advocating the 'BRICS frameworks to advance the common Spirit' of cooperation and partnership interests and boost the development The summit of the bloc of with values such as mutual trust, space for emerging markets and emerging market economies on July mutual respect, equality at its core," d e v e l o p i n g c o u n t r i e s, t h u s 25-27 gathered leaders from its said B.R. Deepak, a professor with the contributing more to world peace members -- Brazil, Russia, India, Center for Chinese and Southeast and development through broader China and South Africa -- to discuss Asian Studies at the Jawaharlal Nehru partnerships. w a y s i n s e e k i n g c o m m o n University. development and prosperity amid His view is agreed by some new global challenges. In the opinion of Ronnie Lins, experts, who believe that the BRICS director of the China-Brazil Center Plus model will help unite more Macharia Munene, a professor of f o r Re s e a r c h a n d B u s i n e s s, developing countries and build a international relations at the United multilateralism, dialogue and fairer and more reasonable global States International University- coordination are the key notes for the order. Kenya, said President Xi's proposal to BRICS countries to advance their strengthen economic cooperation relations. Vasily Kashin, a researcher at the among the bloc's five members, such Institute of Far Eastern Studies, as in areas of trade, investment, Currently, the five BRICS Russian Academy of Sciences, said financing and interconnectivity, will members have worked out a President Xi's initiative is very help forge a fairer global economic multilayer and wide-ranging dialogue important, and that China is making order. mechanism, Lins said, which has efforts to explore multilateral enabled them to use various dialogue mechanisms, including the BRICS Political security cooperation, he platforms to seek solutions and tackle Plus. added, is an important part of the disputes, showcasing an international BRICS cooperation. In this regard, relationship of win-win cooperation Oliver Stuenkel, an expert of President Xi's call for a strong and mutual benefits. international relations at Brazil's commitment is of great significance Getulio Vargas Foundation, said the for promoting world peace. wide-ranging friendship will allow In the opinion of Ronnie developing countries to cooperate President Xi's appeal for firmly Lins, director of the China- more broadly. Expanding the BRICS safeguarding international peace and Brazil Center for Research Plus cooperation is conducive to security as well as resolving disputes a n d B u s i n e s s , m u l t i - promoting the dialogue between through dialogue are inspiring amid lateralism, dialogue and emerging market economies. increasing security challenges coordination are the key worldwide, said Shepherd Mpofu, a n o t e s f o r t h e B R I C S In his speech, Xi stressed that the senior lecturer at the University of countries to advance their BRICS should aim at greater people- Limpopo in South Africa. relations. to-people connectivity and more popular suppor t for BRICS

28 News From China August 2018 BRICS Summit 2018 cooperation through extensive in ter ms of people-to-people other's cultural achievements for the exchanges in cultural, educational, exchanges.” world to see. The idea of a health, sports, tourism and other areas. community of shared destiny implies William Jones, Washington also the universality of human "This way, we can spread the Bureau chief of the U.S. publication culture, although this may be BRICS story far and wide to further Executive Intelligence Review, expressed in different languages and enhance the mutual understanding highlighted President Xi's call for in different art-forms," Jones said. and traditional friendship among our more cultural exchanges among people," Xi said. BRICS members. " T h e p r o p o s a l f o r t h e construction of BRICS museums to Stuenkel said "with joint efforts, "President Xi has placed a highlight the cultures of each of the intra-BRICS cooperation has premium on the dialogue of cultures, members is an important aspect of flourished in various fields, especially emphasizing a greater spread of each the BRICS exchanges," he added. BRICS EXPECTED TO ASSIST IN AFRICA'S INFRASTRUCTURE BOOM: EXPERT Addis Ababa, July 27 (Xinhua) -- 10th BRICS summit concluded in on China-Africa Cooperation The emerging market bloc of Brazil, Johannesburg, South Africa. (FOCAC) and other bilateral and Russia, India, China and South Africa multilateral forums can be an even (BRICS) can act as the key financial Jalata said with Ethiopia, Africa's more key developmental partner to arm to planned infrastructure projects second most populous nation at Ethiopia," he said. in African countries, an Ethiopian around 100 million people, engaging expert said on Friday. in ambitious infrastructure projects, Jalata mentioned China's help in the role of emerging blocs like BRICS E t h i o p i a ' s i n d u s t r i a l p a r k Speaking to Xinhua, Gedion in financial and other sectors is development as one area the Asian Jalata, CEO of the Center of invaluable. economic powerhouse can further Excellence International Consult, an assist Ethiopia either through Ethiopian consulting firm, said with "China has a promising economic bilateral means or multilateral South Africa being a member of relationship with Ethiopia based on institutions like BRICS. BRICS group, there are bound to be mutual benefits. The interest of some commitments to support Ethiopian government is about He said BRICS could help African countries, while the increasing structural transformation of the developing African economies like strength of BRICS bloc means an economy, through an effective and Ethiopia in future projects like ICT extended infrastructure commitment inclusive growth and development. development, space exploration and for African countries. China through BRICS or the Forum aerospace engineering.

"I foresee possible commitments Jalata said with Ethiopia, "The ongoing BRICS summit in i n t e r m s o f s o f t a n d h a r d Africa's second most populous Johannesburg is discussing the bloc's infrastructure development like nation at around 100 million National Development Bank (NDB), education, health, ICT and to which is expected to be an alternative people, engaging in ambitious confront rising challenges such as financial development partner to infrastructure projects, the how to mitigate and adapt to climate developing countries, helping create change," he said. role of emerging blocs like an economic setting for efforts to BRICS in financial and other create an inclusive, multipolar Jalata's comment comes as the sectors is invaluable. international relations," said Jalata.

News From China August 2018 29 China-India Relations

China India Relations XI SAYS CHINA TO BOOST CLOSER DEVELOPMENT PARTNERSHIP WITH INDIA

Chinese President Xi Jinping South Africa. It is their third meeting the two countries, so as to form a said on July 26 that China is willing to in three months. force that would push bilateral ties consolidate and develop a closer into the future," he said. development partnership with "We have provided a top-level India. design for bilateral ties in a Xi said the Chinese side is ready macroscopic perspective and a timely to work with the Indian side to carry Xi made the remarks while fashion, which is conducive to forward the fresh impetus of bilateral meeting with Indian Prime Minister mobilizing the positive elements of all relations since their informal meeting Narendra Modi on the sidelines of the sectors in both countries and uniting in China's central city of Wuhan in 10th BRICS summit in Johannesburg, the wills of the 2.6 billion people of April.

30 News From China August 2018 China India Relations

The Chinese leader called on the economies, as well as vindicators and greatly increased their mutual trust, two sides to implement the important c o n t r i b u t o r s o f t h e c u r r e n t and will bring new impetus and consensus reached by the two leaders international order, China and India opportunities to the long-term at the Wuhan meeting. s h o u l d s t r e n g t h e n b i l a t e r a l development of bilateral relations, he cooperation, while exploring a new said. He called on the two sides to model for regional cooperation, strengthen strategic communication, u p h o l d i n g m u l t i l a t e r a l i s m , The Indian side is ready to keep increase mutual trust, promote championing economic globalization close dialogue and communication practical cooperation, as well as and striving for a more just and with the Chinese side, deepen cultural and people-to-people rational international order. cooperation in various fields, exchanges, strengthen dialogue and properly address differences, properly manage differences. Modi said he and Xi had met strengthen cooperation within a three times in three months, and that multilateral framework, and jointly Both China and India are can fully display the two countries handle such challenges facing countries of ancient civilizations, and e n j oy a h i g h - l e ve l b i l a t e r a l developing countries and emerging have made important contributions to relationship. market countries as protectionism t h e a d va n c e m e n t o f h u m a n and global market fluctuations to civilization, said Xi. The Wuhan meeting is of advance their closer development milestone significance in the history partnership, Modi said. Today, as major emerging market of India-China relations, which has AMBASSADOR LUO ZHAOHUI MEETS WITH CHAIRMAN OF PRASAR BHARATI

News From China August 2018 31 China-India Relations

On July 27th, Ambassador Luo Zhaohui met with Dr. A. Surya Prakash, Chairman of Prasar Bharati. They shared views on enhancing exchanges and cooperation in the fields of culture, films, television and media between China and India. Mr. Zhang Jianxin, Cultural & Educational Counselor and Ms.Ji Rong, Press Counselor were present. INDIAN BANKER CALLS FOR CLOSER ECONOMIC TIES BETWEEN CHINA AND INDIA

Shanghai- China and India, both investment from Chinese companies. collaboration between them in among the BRICS countries, should creating green economies will also go enhance cooperation in trade and "India has 18 percent of the a long way in lowering carbon investment, an Indian banker said. world's working population and is emissions globally," Dave said. expected to have 550 million middle "India and China are the two class by 2025, which makes the Moreover, he saw great potential most populous countries in the world. opportunity for Chinese investments for China and India to cooperate on We can be strong trading partners," in India quite clear," Dave said. infrastructure. Hitendra Dave, head of Global Banking and Markets for HSBC India, The Indian bank also expected "China is highly experienced in said here in an interview with Xinhua. that the shared vision of clean energy infrastructure construction such as will provide more trade opportunities airports, highways and subways. India D a v e b e l i e v e d t h a t t h e between India and China. will need that capital as well as the consumption power of India's technology and should learn from population will attract more "Greater cooperation and China's execution capability to

32 News From China August 2018 China India Relations

HSBC Holdings Plc signage is displayed at a branch in Mumbai, India, Jan 27, 2018. [Photo/VCG] a d v a n c e i t s i n f r a s t r u c t u r e billion, while overall bilateral trade hit "Bilateral trade will keep strong development," Dave said. a historic high of $84.4 billion, up 20.3 growth. I won't be surprised if the percent year-on-year, according to volume is above $100 billion this Last year, Indian exports to China statistics from China's Ministry of year," said Dave. went up by nearly 40 percent to $16.34 Commerce. CHINESE PV COMPANY SUNGROW OPENS FACTORY IN INDIA Beijing, Aug. 9 (Xinhua) -- Chinese renewable energy power. On the other hand, the Indian government has company Sungrow recently opened its photovoltaic inverter introduced a plan for the development of clean energy, manufacturing factory in Bangalore, India. and investing in PV industry is in line with the country's industrial development policy. With a total investment of 5.5 million U.S. dollars, the factory is designed with an annual production capacity of 3 Insiders point out that Chinese PV companies are gigawatt. exploring the Indian market, and currently they mainly adopt the way of importing related products from It's learned that the company attaches great importance to China. As the Indian market develops further, opening a the development of the Indian market. On the one hand, India local factory will become a new trend. has favorable natural conditions for the development of solar

News From China August 2018 33 External Affairs

External Affairs CHINA, SOUTH AFRICA AGREE TO CARRY FORWARD TRADITIONAL FRIENDSHIP, ACHIEVE GREATER RESULTS IN TIES China and South Africa on July 24 people-to-people exchanges, thus countries and emerging-market pledged to carry forward their enabling the two peoples to enjoy countries with important influence, traditional friendly relations and more fr uits of the bilateral Xi said that since the forging of advance their comprehensive strategic cooperation. diplomatic relations 20 years ago, the partnership in the new era. two sides have been committed to Xi expressed appreciation to mutually-beneficial cooperation and During the talks between visiting Ramaphosa for his important common development, stood Chinese President Xi Jinping and his contributions to the establishment of together through thick and thin, South African counterpart Cyril diplomatic ties between the two shared weal and woe, and established Ramaphosa, the two leaders agreed to countries and to the development of a " c o m r a d e p l u s b r o t h e r " strengthen high-level exchanges, bilateral relations. relationship featuring sincere deepen political mutual trust, align friendship, mutual trust and close their development strategies, promote Noting that China and South bond. practical cooperation and increase Africa are both major developing

34 News From China August 2018 External Affairs

He said that China-South Africa two peoples," Xi said. exchanges and cooperation. r e l a t i o n s h ave l e a p t f r o m a partnership to a strategic partnership Noting that China-South Africa -- The two sides should enhance and then to a comprehensive strategic relations are now standing at a new cooperation within the frameworks partnership over the past years, historical point, the Chinese president of the Belt and Road Initiative and bringing tangible benefits to the two proposed the two sides to focus on the the FOCAC, align their development peoples. following areas to advance the strategies, deepen exchanges and bilateral relations: cooperation in new economy sectors "Taking the opportunity of the and sunrise industries, and share the 20th anniversary of diplomatic ties, - - T h e t wo s i d e s s h o u l d development opportunities brought China stands ready to work with strengthen high-level exchanges, by the fourth industrial revolution. South Africa on supporting each deepen political mutual trust, support The Chinese side is willing to focus other in hosting this year's BRICS each other in independently choosing on promoting cooperation in such summit in Johannesburg and the the development path that suits their areas as infrastructure construction, Beijing summit of the Forum on own national conditions, continue to trade and investment, scientific and China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC), understand and support each other on technological innovation, and inheriting the past and ushering in the issues involving respective core finance, and supports the endeavors future, and pushing for more interests and major concerns, increase m a d e by t h e S o u t h A f r i c a n outcomes from the bilateral exchanges between the governments, government to develop the economy, comprehensive strategic partnership, legislative bodies and various other create jobs, improve people's so as to bring greater benefits to our areas, and deepen the inter-party livelihood and promote social

News From China August 2018 35 External Affairs transformation. South Africa and China), jointly Ramaphosa said that it is in the safeguard multilateralism, oppose fundamental and long-term interests -- The two sides should deepen unilateralism and protectionism, and of South Africa to continue to people-to-people bonds, implement promote a more just and equitable strengthen political mutual trust, the consensus the two sides have international order. expand practical cooperation, reached on facilitating personnel enhance scientific, technological and exchanges and strengthening For his part, Ramaphosa said that people-to-people exchanges with cultural and educational exchanges, South African and Chinese peoples C h i n a , a n d p r o m o t e t h e i r and consolidate cooperation in enjoy traditional friendship, and the c o m p r e h e n s i v e s t r a t e g i c human resources development and two countries have constantly partnership. tourism. consolidated and developed their relations since the establishment of He pledged that South Africa -- The two sides should promote diplomatic ties 20 years ago. will continue to firmly adhere to the security and law-enforcement one-China policy, push for positive cooperation. The Chinese side is The relations have gone beyond progress in cooperation within the willing to strengthen cooperation with the bilateral scope with important framework of the Belt and Road South Africa on law-enforcement strategic significance, and the two Initiative, increase communication capacity building. countries have carried out fruitful and coordination with China on cooperation on regional and major international and regional -- The two sides should increase multilateral levels, he said, noting that issues, oppose unilateralism, coordination within multilateral the special friendly ties have brought strengthen multilateralism, and frameworks including the UN, G20, substantial benefits to the two safeguard the common interests of BRICS and BASIC (Brazil, India, peoples. developing countries.

36 News From China August 2018 External Affairs

On the 10th BRICS summit in the FOCAC Beijing summit in FOCAC Beijing summit and will Johannesburg on July 25-27, Xi said September. Hailing the contributions coordinate with China to ensure the that it is the first one to be held in the that South Africa has made for the success of the two major events. second "golden decade" of BRICS institutionalization of the FOCAC cooperation and has a special and friendly cooperation between After the talks, the two heads of significance. China and Africa as co-chair of the state witnessed the signing of a series forum, Xi said that China looks of bilateral cooperation documents BRICS gathers the world's five forward to discussing with African and met with the press. major emerging economies -- Brazil, countries on plans to promote China- Ramaphosa held a g rand Russia, India, China and South Africa. Africa friendly cooperation in the new welcome ceremony for Xi prior to era and jointly build a closer China- the talks. "We should bear in mind the big Africa community with a shared picture of BRICS cooperation, future. Xi arrived in Pretoria on Monday constantly cement our strategic to pay his third state visit to the partnerships, make a loud and clear "It is China's long-term and firm "rainbow nation." voice on upholding multilateralism, strategic choice to strengthen and jointly build an open world solidarity and cooperation with South Africa is the fourth stop economy," Xi said, while pledging to African countries," he said. of Xi's five-nation Middle East and coordinate with and support South Africa tour, which has taken him to Africa for a successful BRICS Ramaphosa expressed gratitude the United Arab Emirates, Senegal summit. for China's support in the 10th BRICS and Rwanda. He will also visit summit in Johannesburg. He told Xi Mauritius during a stopover. Xi and Ramaphosa will co-chair that he looks forward to attending the CHINA, UAE AGREE TO LIFT TIES TO COMPREHENSIVE STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP China and the United Arab development of bilateral ties on the two sides reached many Emirates (UAE) on July 20 decided to higher levels, in broader areas and at i m p o r t a n t c o n s e n s u s e s o n upgrade their bilateral relations to a greater depths. promoting bilateral friendly comprehensive strategic partnership. cooperation, saying that bilateral Xi arrived here for a state visit to relations have since entered a new The decision was made as visiting the UAE on Thursday, the first by a stage of development that is Chinese President Xi Jinping held Chinese head of state in 29 years to comprehensive, fast and in-depth. talks here with UAE Vice President the Arab state. a n d P r i m e M i n i s t e r S h e i k h China-UAE cooperation has a Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum Xi expressed his gratefulness to bright prospect and great potentials, and Crown Prince of Abu Dhabi the UAE for its grand welcome of his stressed the Chinese leader. Sheikh Mohammed bin Zayed Al visit, which shows the friendliness of Nahyan. the UAE toward the Chinese people, T h e e s t a b l i s h m e n t o f a as well as the great importance it comprehensive strategic partnership By lifting their ties, China and the attaches to its ties with China. will be conducive to deepening UAE will strengthen their bilateral in- strategic mutual trust and lifting the depth cooperation in various fields, Xi recalled his meeting with the level of mutually beneficial a n d p r o m o t e c o n t i n u o u s Crown Prince in Beijing in 2015 when cooperation, Xi said.

News From China August 2018 37 External Affairs

He said he is confident that China and the UAE can become good friends and good partners who learn from and help each other, and achieve c o m m o n d e v e l o p m e n t a n d prosperity.

The Chinese president conveyed his warm regards to UAE President Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan, and wished him an early recovery.

Xi called on the two countries to t r a n s l a t e t h e C h i n a - U A E comprehensive strategic partnership into concrete achievements, cement political mutual trust, continue to take care of each other's core interests and major concerns, and support each other's pursuit of development path that suits themselves.

China and the UAE, Xi said, are natural partners for jointly building the Belt and Road. China regards the UAE as a key pivot in implementing the Belt and Road Initiative and appreciates the Crown Prince's vision of revitalizing the ancient Silk Road.

The two sides need to create strong er links between their development strategies, strengthen and fight against all forms of Chinese leader, adding that peace, communications on industrial policies terrorism. reform and development are today's and plan and manage well the flagship irresistible trend. projects within the framework of the People-to-people exchanges Belt and Road Initiative, so as to boost s h o u l d b e e n h a n c e d w h i l e China stands ready to work with the economic development of the inclusiveness and mutual learning the UAE to deepen strategic Middle East region and the Gulf between different regions and cooperation, explore ways of region. c u l t u r e s s h o u l d b e f u r t h e r a c h i e v i n g p e a c e t h r o u g h encouraged, noted the Chinese development in the Middle East, China is willing to work with the president. address hotspot issues via political UAE to build an all-round and all channels, so as to jointly promote the dimensional energy cooperation China is willing to share its security and stability of the region, Xi pattern, deepen investment and experience with the UAE to make the said. financial cooperation, and promote World Expo 2020 in Dubai an cooperation in the area of innovation, impressive event, Xi said. During his talks with Xi, UAE Xi said. Vice President and Prime Minister At present, the majority of people Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al He also urged the two countries in West Asia and North Africa are Maktoum said he hopes President Xi to strengthen security cooperation longing for social stability, said the will feel at home during the visit.

38 News From China August 2018 External Affairs

The UAE admires China's delighted to host President Xi for this important role in international d e ve l o p m e n t m o d e l a n d i t s historic visit. affairs, and will strengthen achievements, appreciates its pursuit communication and coordination of an opening-up development The UAE fully agrees with Xi's with China on major issues like strategy, said the UAE vice president foresight and concept in governance, development and counter-terrorism, and prime minister, adding that his he said, adding that he believes that said the Crown Prince. country is willing to carry out closer China will have a bright future and cooperation with China in a wide make greater contributions to world After the talks, the two sides range of areas and stay as a reliable peace and human progress. issued a joint declaration on friend of China. establishing a comprehensive The Crown Prince pointed to the strategic partnership. Leaders from He said he is confident that Xi's g r e a t p o t e n t i a l s i n b i l a t e r a l both sides witnessed the signing of v i s i t w i l l b r i n g UA E - C h i n a cooperation in such areas as politics, the cooperative document on the partnership to a new height, and economy, finance, science and Belt and Road Initiative. pledged that his country will continue technology, energy and people-to- its active participation in the Belt and people exchanges, saying that it is President Xi was conferred with Road Initiative. always the priority in the UAE's the Order of Zayed, the UAE's diplomacy to deepen its traditional, highest civil decoration, by the Crown Prince of Abu Dhabi strategic and friendly ties with China, Crown Prince, who also gave Xi an Sheikh Mohammed bin Zayed Al which the UAE sees as a brother. Arabian horse as present. Arabian Nahyan, for his part, said that his visit horses are given as diplomatic gifts to to China in 2015 remains fresh in his The UAE firmly sticks to the one distinguished guests by the UAE's memory, and that his country is China policy, appreciates China's royal family. CHINA, RWANDA VOW TO WRITE NEW CHAPTER IN BILATERAL TIES Visiting Chinese President Xi Jinping and his Rwandan counterpart, Paul Kagame, agreed here on July 23 to fur ther promote bilateral cooperation in a bid to bring more benefits to the Chinese, Rwandan and African people.

In their talks, the two leaders also spoke highly of the growth of bilateral ties over the past 47 years since their countries established diplomatic relations.

Xi recalled his meeting with Kagame in Beijing in March 2017, during which they reached extensive consensus on promoting bilateral relations and friendly cooperation and brought China-Rwanda ties to a fast track of development.

News From China August 2018 39 External Affairs

Beijing is willing to work with give full play to their complementary of their friendship. Kigali to translate their traditional advantages, and carry out pragmatic friendship into concrete benefits for cooperation in more areas and at The two sides, he suggested, also the two countries and the two peoples, deeper levels. need to deepen law enforcement and and open a new chapter in their security cooperation, maintain close friendly cooperative relations, Xi said. China welcomes Rwanda's coordination on international and participation in the international regional issues, and strengthen China and Rwanda, Xi stressed, cooperation within the framework of collaboration on issues of global should view their ties from a strategic the Belt and Road Initiative, and significance, so as to safeguard the height and long-term perspective, encourages more Chinese investment common interests of African f i r m l y s u p p o r t e a c h o t h e r in Rwanda to help advance the countries and developing countries. independently choosing their own African country's industrialization Over the past several decades, development paths, and keep mutual and modernization, Xi said. China-Africa relations have always understanding and support on issues been defined by sincere friendship, related to each other's core interests Xi asked the two sides to unity and cooperation, Xi noted, and major concerns. strengthen people-to-people pointing out that the two sides have exchanges, so as to bring closer the become a community with a shared Xi called on the two countries to hearts of the two peoples and future going through thick and thin strengthen the link between their consolidate the social and public together as well as a community with respective development strategies, support for the future development shared interests dedicated to win-win

40 News From China August 2018 External Affairs cooperation. such areas as infrastr ucture push forward the development of constr uction, agriculture and FOCAC, so as to generate more S t r e n g t h e n i n g u n i t y a n d education, adding that China's helping benefits for the people of both sides. cooperation with African countries is hand has made positive contributions an important foundation for China's to his country's reconstruction and After their talks, the two heads foreign policy and a long-term livelihood improvement. of state witnessed the signing of steadfast strategic choice of Beijing, multiple agreements on bilateral Xi said. The Rwandan president also cooperation in the Belt and Road expressed his hope to strengthen Initiative and other areas. They also He compared Africa to a exchanges with China on state met the press together. galloping lion, saying that China is governance and deepen win-win glad to see a stronger Africa that is cooperation on bilateral as well as Prior to the meeting, the increasingly integrated. multilateral platforms. Rwandan president held a grand welcome ceremony for Xi, who Calling the African Union (AU) a Rwanda is willing to enhance arrived in Kigali on Sunday for the banner guiding African countries to cooperation with China within the first state visit to the African country solidarity and cooperation, Xi said framework of the Belt and Road by a Chinese head of state. China always supports the AU playing Initiative, which offers a significant a leading role in promoting peace and opportunity for both Rwanda and Xi inspected the guard of honor development of Africa and playing a Africa, Kagame said. in the company of Kagame. A group bigger role in regional and global of Rwandan well-wishers, dressed in affairs. As the AU's rotating chairman, traditional clothes, staged a dancing Kagame stressed that China's long- and drumming performance to China, he added, is willing to standing firm support is of great value express their joy and excitement. elevate the strategic significance of its to Africa's development. relationship with the AU, set it as an Later in the day, Xi and his wife, example and make it more effective, Africa places great importance on Peng Liyuan, visited the Kigali so as to bring more benefits to the China's role in international affairs Genocide Memorial. Chinese and African people. and is committed to fur ther deepening their friendship and Rwanda is the third leg of Xi's Kagame, for his part, called China mutually beneficial cooperation, he first overseas visit after he was re- a reliable friend who shares weal and added. elected Chinese president in March. woe with Africa. He said it is of great The trip has already taken him to the importance for Rwanda and Africa to The African side, he said, looks United Arab Emirates and Senegal, develop friendly ties with China. forward to attending the Beijing and will also take him to South Africa summit of the Forum on China- for a state visit and the 10th BRICS He spoke highly of China's Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) in summit, and to Mauritius during a valuable assistance for Rwanda in September, and stands ready to jointly stopover. CHINESE, SENEGALESE PRESIDENTS PLEDGE TO CREATE BETTER FUTURE FOR TIES Chinese President Xi Jinping and a better future for China-Senegal ties. the development of bilateral ties in Senegalese President Macky Sall held recent years, and agreed to continue talks here on 21 July, vowing to create The two leaders spoke highly of to make joint efforts and promote

News From China August 2018 41 External Affairs

m o r e f r u i t f u l r e s u l t s f r o m sides, China-Senegal relations have closer high-level exchanges and cooperation in various fields. entered a fast track with growing support each other on issues political mutual trust and concrete concerning their core interests and Xi arrived here earlier on Saturday economic and trade cooperation. major concern, said Xi. for the first state visit to Senegal by a Chinese head of state in nine years. China is willing to join hands with Noting that the two countries Senegal to lift bilateral ties and should strengthen the alignment of During the meeting with his host, cooperation to a higher level, so as to development strategies and policy the Chinese president thanked the bring more benefits to both peoples, communication, Xi welcomed government and people of Senegal Xi said. Senegal to be the first West African for their warm hospitality and country to sign a Belt and Road welcome, saying it fully demonstrated cooperation document with China. that China-Senegal friendship has The Chinese president expressed gained broad support. appreciation to Sall for viewing their We hope to take this opportunity ties from a strategic perspective, to comprehensively upgrade China- Recalling their joint decision to positively responding to the Belt and Senegal cooperation, he said. forge a comprehensive strategic Road Initiative and strongly cooperative partnership between the supporting China-Africa cooperation. China will continue to uphold two countries in 2016, Xi said that the spirit of "teaching a man to fish," thanks to joint efforts from both The two sides should carry out expand and deepen cooperation with

42 News From China August 2018 External Affairs

Senegal, and enhance its ability in common development, Xi said. countr y appreciates China's independent development, Xi said. contribution in Africa's peace and In September, we will hold a development cause. He called on the two countries to summit of the Forum on China- boost people-to-people exchanges Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) in The FOCAC is a cooperative and promote mutual understanding Beijing, said Xi, adding that he is framework featuring inclusiveness, between the two peoples. looking forward to meeting African effectiveness and solidarity, leaders including President Sall in established on the basis of practical The two sides should enhance law Beijing and discussing the important cooperation, Sall said, vowing e n f o r c e m e n t a n d s e c u r i t y agenda on China-Africa cooperation. S e n e g a l ' s f u l l s u p p o r t i n cooperation, Xi said, adding that s t r e n g t h e n i n g t h e F O C AC, China supports Senegal in building For his part, Sall thanked deepening cooperation between capability in counter-terrorism, President Xi for visiting Senegal in his China and Africa, and establishing peacekeeping and safeguarding first overseas trip since being re- the China-Africa community with a stability. elected as Chinese president, saying shared future. that it is Senegalese people's honor. China supports Senegal in playing Senegal is ready to strengthen a greater role in global and regional H a i l i n g t h a t C h i n a m a d e communication and coordination affairs, and is willing to strengthen s i g n i f i c a n t c o n t r i b u t i o n s t o with China in multilateral affairs, and communication and coordination humanity's progress in history, Sall work with China to build a more with Senegal in major international said today's China is playing an even balanced, just and inclusive global and regional issues such as peace and more important role in international governance system, safeguard security in Africa, the United Nations affairs. mu l t i l a t e r a l i s m a n d o p p o s e and climate change, so as to protect protectionism, Sall said. the common interests of Africa and Senegal, Sall said, admires China's developing countries, said the Chinese d e v e l o p m e n t a c h i e v e m e n t s, After their talks, Xi received president. appreciates China's precious support Senegal's top medal of honor from for Senegalese economic and social Sall, and the two leaders witnessed Noting that he attaches great development and its implementation the signing of multiple cooperation importance to China-Africa ties, Xi of revitalization plan. documents, including the one on said he feels strongly about the long- jointly building the Belt and Road. term friendship between China and The bilateral ties, based on Africa, and their common future in solidarity, mutual trust, mutual Before the talks, the Senegalese sharing weal and woe. respect, win-win and mutual benefit, president and people held a grand are strong and satisfactory, said the welcoming ceremony for Xi, with The two sides are sincere partners Senegalese president. thousands of locals dressed in festive on their path of development and attire, cheering, singing and dancing. natural allies in international affairs, Senegal firmly adheres to the one- Xi said, adding that China's China policy, is committed to Senegal's official guards of the development will bring more deepening the comprehensive presidency also put on a magnificent opportunities to Africa, while Africa's strategic cooperative partnership with parade on the streets of Dakar development will add momentum to China, stands ready to enhance escorting the Chinese president. China's development. cooperation in areas such as infrastructure construction, water Senegal is the second stop in Xi's China will continue to uphold its conservation, industrialization, first overseas trip after being re- African policy and concept of agricultural product processing, elected Chinese president in March. sincerity, concrete results, affinity and tourism, culture and sports, said Sall. He has already visited the United good faith, uphold justice and pursue Arab Emirates and will pay state visits shared interests, promote the Senegal supports China's Belt and to Rwanda and South Africa, attend construction of a closer China-Africa Road Initiative and stands ready to t h e 1 0 t h B R I C S s u m m i t i n community with a shared future, so as vigorously participate in connectivity Johannesburg, and visit Mauritius to realize win-win cooperation and construction, Sall said, adding that his during a stopover.

News From China August 2018 43 External Affairs XI MEETS MAURITIAN PM ON BILATERAL TIES

Chinese President Xi Jinping said independence 50 years ago, and increasingly deepened political on July 28 that China is willing to expressed appreciation for the mutual trust and fruitful results in always be a good friend and a good friendly policy the successive exchanges and cooperation in various partner of Mauritius and promote the Mauritian governments have followed areas, Xi said. bilateral friendly cooperative ties to toward China. continuously reach new heights. Both as developing countries, He pointed out that the two China and Mauritius have similar Xi made the remarks when countries and two peoples enjoy development processes and tasks, he meeting with Mauritian Prime profound friendship and cherish a said. Minister Pravind Jugnauth during his close bond of affection for each friendly visit to the country. other. The two countries now face new important opportunities for the Xi spoke positively about the Since China and Mauritius development of their relations, Xi remarkable achievements Mauritius established diplomatic ties 46 years pointed out. h a s m a d e s i n c e i t g a i n e d ago, the two sides have witnessed

44 News From China August 2018 External Affairs

The Chinese president said that The two countries should also in development, China will always the two countries should maintain the enhance people-to-people exchanges stand together with Africa and other momentum of high-level exchanges, and mutual understanding, he said. developing countries, and will be a strengthen exchanges between sincere friend and reliable partner of government departments, legislative China stands ready to strengthen Africa forever, Xi said. bodies and at sub-national level, and South-South cooperation on climate continue to understand and support change with Mauritius, increase He said that China and Africa each other on issues involving coordination in international affairs have decided to hold the Beijing respective core interests and major and safeguard the common interests Summit of the Forum on China- concern. of developing countries, he said. Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) in September, and he looks forward to The two sides should explore the On China-Africa relations, Xi discussing the China-Africa potential for practical cooperation, said that China and Africa are a cooperation plan in the new era with improve the standard of bilateral community with a shared future in African leaders including Prime trade and investment liberalization which the two sides go through thick Minister Jugnauth. and facilitation, negotiate about and and thin together, and are also a sign a bilateral free trade agreement at community of shared interests in Jugnauth again extended his an early date, leverage the unique which the two sides carry out win-win warm welcome for President Xi's geographical advantage of Mauritius cooperation. stopover in and historic friendly visit in participating in the Belt and Road to Mauritius, saying that the two Initiative, strengthen communication No matter how the international countries enjoy a long history of and aligning, and deepen cooperation landscape changes, and no matter friendship based on historical in a wide range of areas, Xi said. how much progress China has made inheritance and people-to-people

News From China August 2018 45 External Affairs bond. achievements, and speaks positively eagerly looks forward to attending of President Xi's proposal to build a the FOCAC Beijing Summit to He said that since the two community with a shared future for jointly build an even closer Africa- countries established diplomatic ties, mankind, he said. China partnership. the two sides have developed a close and vigorous relationship on the basis Mauritius will continue to firmly Mauritius is the last stop of Xi's of mutual trust and mutual respect. uphold the one China policy, five-nation Middle East and Africa welcomes the Belt and Road Initiative, tour. He has visited the United Arab Mauritius thanks China for its and is willing to deepen mutually Emirates, Senegal, Rwanda and long-term strong support and beneficial and friendly cooperation South Africa, and attended the 10th assistance, pays high attention to with China, Jugnauth said. BRICS summit in Johannesburg. China's development in the new era, admires China's tremendous The prime minister said that he CHINESE PREMIER MEETS BRITISH FOREIGN SECRETARY

46 News From China August 2018 External Affairs

Chinese Premier Li Keqiang met round development of bilateral visit as British foreign secretary, with British Foreign Secretary Jeremy relations and cooperation with hailed the development of "Golden Hunt in Beijing on July 30, hailing the Britain, in a principle of mutual Era" of bilateral relations. positive progress in China-UK ties respect and equal treatment, Li and substantial cooperation in all stressed. Britain looks forward to the areas. annual meeting of the two heads of He called on the two sides to government next year, and is Li said that as per manent make a good use of each other's willing to continue cementing members of the UN Security Council advantages and expand cooperation political trust with China and and two of the world's major in various areas, and take the s y n e r g i z i n g d e v e l o p m e n t economies, China and Britain have opportunity of the launch of the strategies, said Hunt. the responsibility to uphold the Shanghai-London Stock Connect international order and systems based within the year to cultivate new Given the international situation on the purposes and principles of the growth points for cooperation and stands at a critical point, Britain and UN Charter, and the multilateral achieve win-win results. C h i n a s h o u l d e n h a n c e trading system with the World Trade communication and coordination, Organization (WTO) at its core. "China will work to create a better jointly uphold multilateralism, free business environment for foreign trade, and safeguard the international "China and Britain should jointly companies in the country, including order based on rules, he said. adhere to multilateralism, safeguard those from Britain," Li said, hoping an open world economy, and add Britain to provide a sound system Hunt co-chaired the ninth constructive forces for stability in the guarantee for Chinese companies to China-UK Strategic Dialogue with world," Li said during the meeting. invest in the United Kingdom. Chinese State Councilor and Foreign Minister Wang Yi Monday. China expects to advance all- Hunt, who was on his first China CHINA AND THE EUROPEAN UNION (EU) STAND TOGETHER IN FIRMLY SUPPORTING MULTILATERALISM On August 3, 2018 local time, based multilateral trading system and expressed that the EU side is pleased State Councilor and Foreign Minister r e s i s t i n g p r o t e c t i o n i s m a n d with the recent successful EU-China Wang Yi held a bilateral meeting with unilateralism. Facing the current Summit. The EU and China are High Representative of the European international situation which is full long-term friends. Regarding China Union (EU) for Foreign Affairs and of uncertainty and instability, it is as a major and key strategic partner, Security Policy Federica Mogherini on very important for China and the EU, the EU has no intention to adopt any the sidelines of the Foreign Ministers' two forces for stabilization, to policy or take any action against Meetings on East Asia Cooperation in enhance strategic communication China. The EU stands together with Singapore. and cooperation in a timely manner, China in supporting multilateralism and firmly support multilateralism as and free trade. The EU side is willing Wang Yi noted that the China- well as international rules, which not to fur ther enhance strategic EU Summit was successfully held in only conforms to the interests of the communication and cooperation Beijing not long ago, during which two sides, but also is conducive to with the Chinese side. the two sides reached important maintaining world peace and consensus on safeguarding the rules- s t a b i l i t y. Fe d e r i c a M o g h e r i n i The two sides exchanged views

News From China August 2018 47 Culture & Life on the Iranian nuclear issue, and both agreed to continue to well safeguard a n d i m p l e m e n t t h e J o i n t Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) on the Iranian nuclear issue, maintain the seriousness and authority of international agreements, and safeguard the basic norms of international law. Both sides expressed the objection to any unilateral sanction, and agreed to strengthen coordination and strive to maintain the rights of various parties under the JCPOA.

Culture & Life LOTUS FLOWERS BLOOM IN SLENDER WEST LAKE SCENIC SPOT IN YANGZHOU CITY, E CHINA'S JIANGSU

Aerial photo taken on Aug. 14, 2018 shows lotus flowers blooming in the Slender West Lake scenic spot in Yangzhou City, east China's Jiangsu Province. (Xinhua/Meng Delong)

48 News From China August 2018 Culture & Life

Aerial photo taken on Aug. 14, 2018 shows lotus flowers blooming in the Slender West Lake scenic spot in Yangzhou City, east China's Jiangsu Province. (Xinhua/Meng Delong)

A dragonfly rests on a lotus stem in the Slender West Lake scenic spot in Yangzhou City, east China's Jiangsu Province, Aug. 14, 2018. (Xinhua/Meng Delong)

News From China August 2018 49 Culture & Life

Lotus flowers bloom in the Slender West Lake scenic spot in Yangzhou City, east China's Jiangsu Province, Aug. 14, 2018. (Xinhua/Meng Delong) AERIAL VIEW OF ZHUHAI STATE FOREST PARK IN CHISHUI CITY, SW CHINA'S GUIZHOU

Aerial photo taken on Aug. 13, 2018 shows a view of the Zhuhai state forest park in Chishui City, southwest China's Guizhou Province. (Xinhua/Wang Changyu)

50 News From China August 2018 Culture & Life

Tourists visit the Zhuhai state forest park in Chishui City, southwest China's Guizhou Province, Aug. 13, 2018. (Xinhua/Wang Changyu)

Tourists visit the Zhuhai state forest park in Chishui City, southwest China's Guizhou Province, Aug. 13, 2018. (Xinhua/Wang Changyu)

News From China August 2018 51 Culture & Life

Aerial photo taken on Aug. 13, 2018 shows a view of the Zhuhai state forest park in Chishui City, southwest China's Guizhou Province. (Xinhua/Wang Changyu)

52 News From China August 2018 Culture & Life FARMERS HARVEST GRAPES IN BINGJIAO VILLAGE, N CHINA'S HEBEI

A visitor picks grapes in Bingjiao Village, Yongqing County of north China's Hebei Province, Aug. 14, 2018. Bingjiao, a well-known village for grape planting in Yongqing County, has introduced new species and technologies for the growing of grapes in recent years. There are now over 5,000 Mu (about 333 hectares) of grape fields in the village which can yield a total value of 30 million yuan (about 4.37 million U.S.dollars) every year. (Xinhua/Li Xiaoguo)

A farmer carries grapes for visitors in Bingjiao Village, Yongqing County of north China's Hebei Province, Aug. 14, 2018. Bingjiao, a well-known village for grape planting in Yongqing County, has introduced new species and technologies for the growing of grapes in recent years. There are now over 5,000 Mu (about 333 hectares) of grape fields in the village which can yield a total value of 30 million yuan (about 4.37 million U.S.dollars) every year. (Xinhua/Li Xiaoguo)

News From China August 2018 53 Xizang Today

Xizang Today PREMIER LI KEQIANG MAKES INSPECTION TOUR IN XIZANG

Chinese Premier Li Keqiang made an inspection tour in southwest China's Xizang Autonomous Region on July 25. Li first came to Nyingchi prefecture in southeast Xizang and went straight to the Shiga Moinba village in Qangna Township, Mailing County after getting off the plane.

The Moinba village is an immigrant village of relocated residents from impoverished areas. Premier Li came into villager Kunsang's new house, sitting in their sofa, and talked with the six of them about their daily life. "What is the main source of income?""How much could you make in a year? ""What about your health care and children's education? ""What kind of difficulties do you still have now?"Premier Li asked patiently.

Kunsang said that his family moved here from Medog County, where road travel is fairly difficult. Now, they can make an income of 150,000 yuan a year through farming and providing tourism service; they have ensured health care service and children's education programme. He said that there are a total of 72 life. Li sent his wish that they could him, the girl wrote her name both in households in his village, of which live a more prosperous life in future. Chinese and Xizangan earnestly on a 90% of them made an income as When talking with the six-year- paper and then gave it to the Premier much as his. old Yeshe Drolma, Kunsang's as a present. "Wish you could learn daughter, Premier Li asked whether hard and grow to be as intelligent and After hearing these, Li said that he she had gone to school. The girls beautiful as your name says", Li said was so pleased to see they have cast answered she was in the senior class after learning that Yeshe Drolma off poverty though the relocation of kindergarten. When the Premier means "intellgent fairy" in Xizangan. programme and lived a prosperous asked her to write a few words to show

54 News From China August 2018 Xizang Today PREMIER LI KEQIANG INSPECTS CONSTRUCTION WORK ON LHASA-NYINCGHI RAILWAY

On July 26, after flying into Lhasa Premier Li Keqiang inspects the engineering project and one under Gonggar Airport, Chinese Premier Li construction site on the Lhasa- constraints of a time limit. It has a Keqiang traveled directly to a Nyingchi section of the Sichuan- total length of 4,373 meters, a construction site on the Lhasa- Xizang Railway on July 26. Image maximum buried depth of 674 Nyingchi section of the Sichuan- source: Chinese Government Online. meters, and lies at an average Xizang Railway in order to investigate elevation of 3,600 meters above sea t h e d e s i g n a n d p r o g r e s s o f The Kala Mountain Tunnel was level, so construction conditions here construction. Premier Li visited the officially connected on April 7 of this are complicated and difficult. 3,500-meter-high Kala Mountain year. It is located within Chushur Tunnel, where he got down twice to County, Lhasa Prefecture and According to reports, the tunnel carefully inspect the quality of Gonggar County, Lhoka Prefecture passes through a layer of Aeolian construction, demanding that and is the first tunnel on the Lhasa- sand, an area susceptible to dangers everything should be fit together Nyingchi section of the Sichuan- of falling rock, and a section of a perfectly and keep improving it. Xizang Railway. It is also a difficult f r a c t u r e d f a u l t , w h e r e t h e

News From China August 2018 55 Xizang Today

After the Kala Mountain Tunnel on the Lhasa-Nyingchi section of the Sichuan-Xizang Railway was connected, construction staff cheer for a group photo in the tunnel. Image source: Shangyou News. surrounding rock changes frequently begin in 2021. Xizang Railway, and Gansu-Xizang and inrush of water is a serious issue. Railway lines. To deal with this, the China Railway The Lhasa-Nyingchi Railway is 11th Bureau Lhasa-Nyingchi Railway Xizang's first electric railway line. It The Lhasa-Nyingchi section is an Engineering Command Post actively will start in Lhasa and end in important part of the Sichuan- carried out technical, strategic, and Nyingchi, with a total length of 435 Xizang Railway. Construction began special research to tackle the problem, kilometers and a design speed of 160 on December 19, 2014, and the total for mulating special technical kilometers per hour. The line spans length of the main line is 402 programs and measures to strengthen the southern valley between Mt. kilometers. The total construction management and control of the Gangdise and Nyenchen-Tanglha period is seven years. After it is construction process. Through hard Mountain in the Himalayas, and it completed, southeastern Xizang will work and joint efforts of all parties crosses the Yarlung Tsangpo River 16 finally be connected by railway, and involved, the tunnel was connected times. More than 90 percent of the the line will become an important safely and smoothly. line is located at 3,000 meters above transportation installation for foreign sea level on the plateau. It currently exchange with southeastern Xizang. On June 9, the first sleeper train has the most complicated geological It has great practical significance and for the Lhasa-Nyingchi section came conditions and is the most difficult profound historical significance for off the assembly line. It is expected to project in China's construction of a promoting economic development be officially laid on the railway track in railway on the plateau. It will also be a and interconnection along the line. September, and passenger operations common section shared by the on the whole line are expected to Sichuan-Xizang Railway, Yunnan- At the same time, the route from

56 News From China August 2018 Xizang Today

Lhasa to Nyingchi is rich in tourism Through the railway, the resources of eight to eight volts, and the resources. After the Lhasa-Nyingchi National Highway 318 will be further cumulative climb height exceeds Railway is completed, it will form a developed and become more effective. 1,400 meters. The line will begin in world-class landscape corridor, The Sichuan-Xizang Railway will Chengdu, Sichuan Province and promoting the development of become another landscape avenue for pass through Pujiang, Ya'an, tourism resources along the route and China," Kelsang Tsewang, deputy Kangding, Litang, Baiyu, Jomdo, extending tourism resources outside to director of Development and Reform Chamdo, Bangda Township in Baxoi attract more tourists from the Central Commission Railway Office of County, Nyingchi, Lhoka, and finally Plains region and Yangtze River Delta Xizang, said. arrive in Lhasa. It will have a total to visit western China, which will length of 1,600 kilometers. Once the cultivate new economic growth points The Sichuan-Xizang Railway is S i c h u a n - X i z a n g R a i l w a y i s for the areas along the route. "The known as "the most difficult railway completed, it will only take 13 hours Lhasa-Nyingchi Railway will relieve to build". The line was surveyed in to travel to Lhasa from Chengdu, some of the transportation pressure the 1950s but construction did not Chongqing, or Xi'an on China on the Qinghai-Xizang Railway. begin until 2014. The line steps are Railway Highspeed (CRH) trains. AN INDIAN PILGRIM'S JOURNEY IN XIZANG Lhasa, July 5 (Xinhua) -- Anuj Ali Prefecture for a pilgrimage around first day, Gupta started out early in Gupta was one of the first Indian Mount Kangrinboqe, 6,656 meters the morning and aimed to finish 15 pilgrims to travel to this sacred above sea level, and Mapam Yumco kilometers in a single day. mountain and lake for this year's Lake, both sacred Hindu and annual pilgrimage in southwest Buddhist sites. A round trip covers At the foot of the glacier near China's Xizang Autonomous Region. 2,874 kilometers. Mount Drolmala, Gupta and others challenged the limits of their Donning sports clothes and a Gupta r uns a jewelry and strength. Steep slopes forced them to windbreaker to keep him warm in the traditional garment shop in Lucknow rest every few steps and a lot of severe high-altitude weather, Gupta of India. people gasped for breath due to the arrived at Nathu La Pass along the high altitude. China-India border on June 24. He "Before coming to Xizang, we traveled to Xizang along with his spent four days in New Delhi for a "I thought we could pass the mother. medical examination to see if we were mountain without much difficulty, fit or not. After that, we were sent to but if my porter were not there, I The two were among 38 people in three higher altitude places including would not have made it," he said. the first group of officially organized Gantok, and then to China," he said. pilgrims from India this year. A total Residents from Gangca Village at of 500 people are scheduled to arrive Gupta's mother, 66, finished the the foot of Mount Kangrinboqe from India to Xizang from June to pilgrimage with the help of porters and worked as porters and guides during August, said Yang Zhigang, deputy yaks. For younger pilgrims, the route is the pilgrimage season from June to director of the office of foreign 52 kilometers of walking around August. affairs and overseas Chinese affairs in Mount Kangrinboqe and 70 kilometers Xigaze City. around Mapam Yumco Lake. The number of pilgrims was only a few dozen in the 1980s. In 2017, Each group of pilgrims spends The pilgrims walked wide roads, tourists and pilgrims exceeded around 12 days on their journey, across meadows and climbed up steep 100,000, according to villagers. traveling from the Nathu La Pass to slopes covered with pebbles. On the Working in the tourism sector has

News From China August 2018 57 Xizang Today helped boost the income of the "The journey I enjoyed the most in 2015. villagers. Last year, the village was not the final destination. I made a cooperative, which rents out horses few friends. It made me a stronger In the last three years, 509 such and yaks, earned about 10 million man," Gupta said. pilgrims entered Xizang through the yuan (about 1.56 million U.S. dollars). pass. Gupta began heading home after Wang Junhua, director of Baga circling Mapam Yumco Lake, about "Every year, making arrangements Township, which administers the 4,588 meters above sea level. for the pilgrimages takes two months. village, said they are developing We have made arrangements for food, sustainable tourism and offered China agreed to let India officially accommodations and transportation information online to meet the organize pilgrims to enter Xizang for the people. We also have medical demands of travelers around the through Nathu La Pass in the Sikkim staff on standby to help them," Yang world. section of the China-India boundary said. ANNUAL XIZANG FESTIVAL STARTS WITH THANGKA

Thousands of Xizangans and of the annual shoton, the Xizangan unrolled at the Drepung and Sera tourists celebrated an exhibition of word for yogurt festival, on Saturday. monasteries in Lhasa, Xizang giant thangk--religious images autonomous region, at 8:30 am on embroidered in silk--to mark the start The thangka images were Saturday.

58 News From China August 2018 Xizang Today

Accompanied by the sound of annual weeklong shoton, the attend every year, although lining up horns and religious chanting Xizangan word for yogurt festival, in to wait for hours is not easy. reverberating through the valley, Lhasa, Xizang autonomous region, on monks slowly unrolled the thangka on Saturday. Unrolled, the religious "I wish all living beings a stage on the mountainside behind image is 40 meters long and 37 meters happiness, peace and less harm to the monasteries. wide. (PHURBU TASHI/XINHUA) each other, and I also wish for my own safety and health every day," Shoton is a religious festival that Monks at Drepung Monastery Dechen Wangmo said. originated in the 11th century and carry a rolled thangka to celebrate the later turned into a weeklong annual weeklong shoton, the The 30-year-old said she would celebration incorporating both Xizangan word for yogurt festival, in go for a picnic in the next few days in secular and religious events. Lhasa, Xizang autonomous region, on Lhasa's Norbu Lingka Park with her Saturday. Unrolled, the religious family and friends. The 40-meter-long, 37-meter- image is 40 meters long and 37 meters wide thangka displayed at Drepung wide. (PHURBU TASHI/XINHUA) The festival was included in the Monastery is an image of the Buddha national intangible culture heritage Shakyamuni. It is more than 500 years Dechen Wangmo and Dekyi list in 2006. This year it includes old, according to locals. Drolma set out for the event with activities such as Xizangan opera butter tea and other Xizangan performances, horse races, an ethnic Monks at Drepung Monastery delicacies at 4 a.m. The two women costume show, hiking and a trade fair. carry a rolled thangka to celebrate the said it is a mustsee event that they

News From China August 2018 59 Book Review

Xi Jinping - The Governance of China-II

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) held in 2012, the Central Committee with Xi Jinping as general secretary has led the whole party and the people of China in the drive to realize the Two Centenary Goals and the Chinese Dream of national rejuvenation. In pursuit of these goals the country has upheld and developed socialism with Chinese characteristics, advanced the Five- point Strategy and the Four-pronged Strategy in a coordinated and integrated manner, and achieved historic progress in reform and opening up and socialist modernization. We have braved new challenges, blazed new trails, resolved long- standing and complex problems, realized long sought objectives, championed the causes of the CPC and the country, and brought Chinese socialism to the threshold of a new era.

60 News From China August 2018 News From China August 2018 61 62 News From China August 2018 63