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September 1997

Polyplectropus (Trichoptera: ) from China, with consideration of their phylogeny

Youwen J. Li Clemson University, SC

John C. Morse Clemson University, SC

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Li, Youwen J. and Morse, John C., "Polyplectropus species (Trichoptera: Polycentropodidae) from China, with consideration of their phylogeny" (1997). Insecta Mundi. 277. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi/277

This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for Systematic Entomology, Gainesville, Florida at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Insecta Mundi by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. 300 Volume 11, Nos. 3-4, September-December, 1997, INSECTA MUNDI

Polyplectropus species (Trichoptera: Polycentropodidae) from China, with consideration of their phylogeny

Youwen J. Li & John C. Morse Department of Entomology Department, Clemson University, SC 29634-0365, USA

Abstract: Six species of the Pol.yplectropus are recorded from the People's Republic of China. All the species are new to science. A key to the males is given. The of Polyplectropus ~lmiljir~ge~lsissp. nov. is illustrated. The phylogenetic relationships among these species and with Polyplectropz~sspecies of the New World are discussed.

Key words: male genitalia, larva, new species,

Introduction relationships. The intention of the paper is not to conduct a worldwide revision of the genus. Rather, The genus Polyplectropus was established by we are going to extend Bueno-Soria's pioneer work Ulmer (1905) based on a species from Brazil. Flint to species from China and to other close relatives (1968) transferred into it several North American from Asia. We are hoping to infer a phylogeny of the species assigned previously in Cur- world species of the genus in the future to address tis, 1835. He also synonymized with Polyplectropus Flint's suspicion. the genera CordillopsycheUlmer, 1913 (Flint, 1967) Up to now, 121 species (excluding the species and Eclzo~nodellina(= Ecnolnodes) Ulmer, 1962 described in this paper) have been placed in the (Flint, 1968). For adults, the main difference be- genus Polyplectropus, among which 62 species are tween Polyplectropus and Polycentropus is that the Oriental, 41 species Neotropical, 12 species Aus- forewing fork of R2+3 (Fork 1) is absent in Polyplec- tralasian, 3 species Nearctic, and 2 species East tropus while present in Polycel~tropus. Palearctic. Previously, no species have been report- The larva of the genus was first described by ed from China, although there are some records in Flint (1964) as Genus C and later identified by him adjacent areas, such as Far East Russia (Arefina, (Flint, 1968) as a species of this genus. The larva 1996), Japan (Ulmer, 1908) and Southeastern Asia probably is Polyplectropus charlesi (Ross, 1941), (Malicky, 1993 and 1995). All the Chinese species which is distributed in Mexico and the southwest- reported here are new to science. Five species are ern United States. In the same paper, Flint also distributed in the Oriental Biogeographic Region, described the larva of another species from Domin- one in both the Oriental and the East Palearctic ica. In these two species, each anal claw has long Biogeographic Regions. teeth on its ventral margin, quite distinctive from the untoothed condition of Polycel~tropus.Howev- Materials and Methods er, the larva of Polyplectropus gedehensis Ulmer, All specimens were collected by using 15-watt 1951, from Indonesia (Java), has no such teeth ultraviolet light traps and are preserved in 75% (Ulmer, 1957). In the current study, we find that ethyl alcohol. All genitalia used for illustrations the larva of Polyplectropus ~~al~jil~gelzsis,sp. nov., were cleared with 10% KOH and each set is now from China also lacks these teeth. kept in glycerine in a microvial in a vial of 75% Flint (1968) suspected that many Old World ethanol with the rest of the specimen. Type speci- species of "Polyplectropus" are not true congener- mens are deposited in Nan-jing Agricultural Uni- ics, not belonging to the same monophyletic group versity (NAU), PRC;and the Clemson University as the New World species. Bueno-Soria (1990) an- Collection (CUAC), South Carolina, alyzed the phylogeny of 22 species from Mexico and United States of America. The larva of Polyplectro- Central America. He confirmed that those Poly- pus i~ai~jil~gel~sis,sp. nov., was associated by rear- plectropus species from this region belong to a ing mature larvae to adults. monophyletic group and may be subdivided into The terminology for head and thorax warts is five species-groups according to their phylogenetic that of Ivanov (1990). Terms for male genitalia and INSECTA MUNDI, Vol. 11, Nos. 3-4, September-December, 1997 301 wing venation are from the dissertation of Hamil- 8), sometimes divided dorsoventrally or with mesal ton (1986). dent; ventral branches of inferior appendages occa- sionally fused mesally at base (Bueno-Soria 1990). Polyplectropus Ulmer Phallus (pha.) simple tube (Fig. 10) or with pair of Polyplectropus Ulmer, 1905: 103. Type species: Poly- internal spines (parameres) inside membrane (Bue- plectropr~sflavicornis Ulmer, monobasic. no-Soria 1990). Subphallic sclerite (subph.sc.) Ec~aornodesUlmer, 1911: 17. (Flint 1968: 21; preoccu- pied by Turner, 1903, in Lepidoptera). present inmany Asianspecies, below phallus, square Type species: Ec7zolnodes buchwaldi Ulmer, 1911, or triangular, with mesal incision on posterior monobasic. margin in most cases and with ventrolateral pro- Cordillopsyche Banks, 1913: 238. (Flint 1967: 6). Type cesses in some species (Fig. 11). species: Cordillopsyche costalis Banks, 1913, Larva (Figs. 29-33). Larva of this genus with monobasic. typical characteristics of polycentropodids. Species Ecizo~nodelli~zaUlmer, 1962: 5, replacement for ECILO- from Asia with anal claws obtusely curved and modes Ulmer 1911. (Flint 1968: 21). Type species: without ventral teeth (Fig. 31; Ulmer, 1957). Spe- Ec7~017aodesbz~chwaldi Ulmer, 1911, monobasic. cies from America with anal claws each curved at Genus C Flint, 1964: 467. (Flint, 196821). right angle and with long ventral teeth (Wiggins, Adults. Length of body with folded wings 1996). about 5-7 mm. Body color in alcohol brown, forew- Polyplectropus species from China: ings brown with numerous white spots and darker anterior margins, hind wings paler. Forewings Polyplectropz~sacuini~zatr~s, sp. nov., Dong-zhi and Jin- (Fig. 2) each with Forks 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 (f.1, f.2, f.3, xian, An-hui Province. f.4, f.5) and with discoidal cell (DC) and median cell Polyplectropz~sacl~tz~s, sp. nov., Ma-cheng, Hu-bei Prov- (MC) closed. Hindwings (Fig. 3) with Forks 2,5 and ince. with DC and MC open. Tibia1 formula 3-4-4. Polyplectrop~~scrsrvatr~s, sp. nov., Cong-an, Fu-jian Prov- Head (Fig. 1). Frontal warts (fron.) fused with ince. antennal warts (ant.), forming "\-/"-shape in fron- Polyplectropr~sexplaizatz~s, sp. nov., Wu-yi Mountain area of Jiang-xi Province, Yu-shan and Wu-yuan, tal view. Preocellar warts (pre.) round, without Jiang-xi Province. distinctive edges, located closely behind angles of Polyplectropus involutz~s,sp. nov., Wu-yi Mountain area frontal and antennal warts on each side. Ocellar of Jiang-xi Province. warts (oce.) long ovoid, each with anterolateral end Polyplectrop~~s1za1zji7zge7zsis, sp. nov., Nan-jing, Jiang- more acute than posteriomesal corner. Occipital su Province; Huan-shan, Shaan-xi Province. (occ.) warts kidney-shaped, each with posterior end enlarged, anterior end extended almost to base of Key to Polyplectropus species from China antenna. Pronotum with medial pronotal warts (males) (med.pro.) large, almost covering tergum; lateral pronotal warts (1at.pro.) smaller. Mesonotum with 1.Superior appendages forked (Fig. 7) ...... 2 ll.Superior appendages not forked (Fig. 18) ...... 4 pair of round scutal warts (scu.) and a bigger ovoid scutellar wart (scutl.). 2(1).Inferior appendages each with dorsal process curved Male genitalia (Figs. 7-11). Sternum IX (s.IX) mesad (Figs. 12, 14) ...... largest component of male genitalia, saddle-shaped, ...... Polyplectropus i7~uolutus,sp. nov. tapering dorsad in lateral view (Fig. 7), variably 2'.Inferior appendages without dorsal processes (Figs. concave on posterior and anterior margins in ven- 7, 8) ...... 3 tral view (Fig. 8). Terga IX and X (t.IX+X) fused, much smaller than sternum IX, square or triangu- 3(Bt).Inferior appendages each with apex narrower than ...... lar, with or without pair of processes (Fig. 9). base in ventral view (Fig. 5) ...... Polyplectropr~si.za7zji7age1zsis, sp. nov. Superior appendages (sup.app.) simple or forked; S1.Inferior appendages each with apex broader than with vertical acute process in some American spe- base in ventral view (Fig. 8) ...... cies (Bueno-Soria 1990); with dorsobasal process ...... Polyplectropz~sexplaizatus, sp. nov. (d.b.sup.app.) projecting above tergum IX+X in most American species (Bueno-Soria 1990), under 4(li).Inferior appendages slender and without processes tergum IX+X in most Asia species (Fig. 7). Inferior or teeth (Fig. 26), subphallic sclerite without appendages (inf.app.) each single-segmented (Fig. ventral processes (Fig. 28) ...... Polyplectropus curvatus, sp. nov. 302 Volume 11. Nos. 3-4. Se~tember-December.1997. INSECTA MUNDI

4'.Inferior appendages forked (Fig. 18), subphallic scler- Li and Lu (from among which 3 larvae reared to ite with ventral processes(Fig. 19) ...... 5 adult males) (12 larvae and reared adults NAU, 2 larvae CUAC). 5(4').Inferior appendages deeply forked, each with dor- Diagnosis. The male genitalia of the new spe- sal branch half as long as body of appendage cies are very similar to those of Polyplectropus (Fig. 18) .. Polyplectropus acurninatus, sp. nov. 5'. Inferior appendages shallowly forked, each with 7tocturltus Arefina, 1996, and Polyplectropus ex- dorsal branch much shorter than body of ap- plattatus, sp. nov., in unforked inferior appendages pendage (Fig. 20) ...... each with truncated apex and acute posteroventral ...... Polyplectropus acutus, sp. nov. corner and in superior appendages each divided into a short slender dorsal branch and a broader ventral branch. However, this species and P. ex- Polyplectropus nanjingensis, sp. nov. pla7tatus are different from P. 1~octur7~usin that the (Figs. 1-6, 29-33) dorsal branch of each superior appendage is acute (truncated in lateral view in P. noctur~tus),each Adult. Length of body with folded wings: 6.57- superior appendage is without a ventrobasal pro- 7.30 mm (N = 21). cess (with this process in P. ILOC~U~ILUS),and the Male genitalia (Figs. 4-6). Sternum IX with apicoventral corner of each inferior appendage is posterior margin with pentagonal excision, anteri- more acute than in P. 7~octur7tus.The difference or margin with V-shaped excision. Tergum IX+X between this species and P. expla~tatus,sp. nov., is short, triangular, with posterior corner round. Su- also obvious: The dorsal branch of each superior perior appendages forked, each with dorsal branch appendage is about 'I, as long as the ventral branch short and sharp, about 11, as long as ventral branch; in this species (more than V3as long as the ventral ventral branch broad and round at apex, with small branch in P. expla~tatus)and the apex of each tooth on mesal side; with dorsobasal process nee- inferior appendage is narrower than the base in dle-like and recurved under tergum IX, reaching this species in ventral view (apex broader than the apices of inferior appendages. Inferior appendages base in P. expla7tatus). each compressed at base, narrowing from middle to Etymology. Nan-jing, capital city of Jiang-su apex, with sharp point at apicoventral corner. Sub- Province, is the type locality of the new species. phallic sclerite round, with slight incision on poste- Distribution. The species has been found in rior margin at middle. Phallus simple tube, direct- Nan-jing, Jiang-su Province, Oriental Biogeographc ed dorsad in basal third, then caudad, with trun- Region and Huan-shan, Shaan-xi Province, East cate apex. Palaearctic Biogeographic Region. Larva (Figs. 29-33). Mature larva about 10 mm long. Body mostly white in alcohol. Head darker, Polyplectropus explanatus, sp. nov. with two paler areas around eyes and with numer- (Figs. 7-11) ous small dark muscle scars in posterior half. Prono- tum fully sclerotized with dark muscle scars poste- Adult. Length of body with folded wings: 5.5- riorly; trochantin acute. Meso- and metanota mem- 6.60 mm (N = 19). branous, with broad purplish band along dorsal Male genitalia (Figs. 7-11). Sternum IX with meson extending from mesonotum to end of abdo- posterior margin shallowly and broadly excised men. Abdomen with longitudinal line of setae on with slight mesal protrusion; anterior margin U- each side from abdominal segments I to IX. Anal shaped. Superior appendages forked, each with legs each with dorsal plate forming an "X," its claw dorsal branch sharp, 3/, as long as ventral branch, smooth, without ventral teeth, gradually curved ventral branch tapering to blunt apex and with two slightly ventrad. small teeth on mesal side at middle; with dorsobas- Holotype male. Zhong-shan-ling, Nan-jing, a1 process needle-like, recurved under tergum IX, Jiang-su Province, 18 May 1993, 100 m elevation, extending to apices of inferior appendages. Inferior collected by Li and Lu (NAU). Paratypes: 17 males, appendages compressed at base, each narrower same data as holotype (15 males NAU, 2 males from middle to apex, truncate at apex in lateral CUAC); 3 males, Wu-long-qiao, Hua-shan, Shaan- view; apex broader, with apicomesal corner obtuse, xi Province, 7 June 1992, 575 m elevation, collected expanded and curved mesad slightly in ventral by C. Sun (NAU); 17 larvae, Zhong-shan-ling, Nan- view. Subphallic sclerite round, with slight incision jing, Jiang-su Province, 15 May 1993, collected by on posterior margin. Phallus simple tube, slightly curved caudad at middle, truncate at apex. INSECTA MUNDI, Vol. 11, Nos. 3-4, September-December, 1997 303

Figs. 1-6, adult male of Polyplectropus ~ral~jirrgerasis,n. sp. 1, head, pro- and mesonota dorsal, with flagella and wings omitted; 2, right forewing, dorsal; 3, right hindwing, dorsal; 4, genitalia, lateral; 5, genitalia, ventral, right inferior appendage omitted; 6,genitalia, dorsal, left side omitted. ant. = antenna1 wart; DC = discoidal cell; f.1 = Fork 1; f.2 = Fork 2; f.3 = Fork 3; f.4 = Fork 4; f.5 = Fork 5; fron. = frontal wart; 1at.pro. = lateral pronotal wart; MC = median cell; med.pro. = median pronotal wart; occ. = occipital wart; ace. = ocellar wart; pre. = preocellar wart; scu. = scutal wart; scutl. = scutellar wart; TC = thyridial cell. 304 Volume 11, Nos. 3-4, September-December, 1997, INSECTA MUNDI

Figs. 7-13, adult male genitalia of Polyplectropus species; 7-11, P. expla,i~atus;12-13, P. il~volutus.7 and 12, left lateral views; 8, ventral view; 9, dorsal view, right side omitted; 10, phallus, dorsal view; 11 and 13, subphallic sclerite, ventral view. d.b.sup.app. = dorsobasal process of a superior appendage; inf.app. = inferior appendage; pha. = phallus; s.IX = sternum IX; subph.sc. = subphallic sclerite; sup.app. = superior appendage; t.IX+X = terguln IX+X. INSECTA MUNDI, Vol. 11, Nos. 3-4, September-December, 1997 305

Figs. 14-21, adult male genitalia of Polyp1ectr.opu.s species; 14-15,P. i1~uo1l1.t~~;16-19, P. ~CUIIZ~ILQ~US;20-21, P. acutus. 14and 16, ventral views; 15 and 17, dorsal views; 18 and 20 left lateral views; 19 and 21 subphallic sclerite, ventral views. ven.pro.sub.sc. = ventrolateral process of subphallic sclerite. 306 Volume 11, Nos. 3-4, September-December, 1997, INSECTA MUNDI

curvatus

Figs. 22-28, adult male genitaliaofPolyplectropusspecies;22-23, P. acutus; 24-28,P. curuatus. 22 and 27, ventralviews; 23 and25 dorsalviews, with right side omitted; 24, left lateralview; 26, right inferior appendage, ventralview, base omitted; 28, subphallic sclerite, ventral view. INSECTA MUNDI, Vol. 11, Nos. 3-4, September-December, 1997 307

nanjingensis

Figs. 29-33, Larva ofP. laa,ltji~lgelrsis,sp. nov. 29, head and thorax, dorsal view; 30, head, ventral view; 31, right anal claw, lateral view; 32, basal plate of right anal proleg, dorsal view.

Holotype male. 38 lim N. of Cong-an, 2 km Polyplectropus involutus, sp. nov. within Province border at 80 km marker, Jiang-xi (Figs. 12-15) Province, 26 May 1990, 550 m elevation, collected Adult. Length of body with folded wings: 6.94 by Sun (NAU). Paratypes: 8 males, San-qing-shan, mm (N = 1). Shuang-xi-he, 80 km S. of Yu-shan, Yu-shan Coun- Male genitalia (Figs. 12-15). Sternum IX with ty, Jiang-xi Province, 27-28 May 1990,470m eleva- posterior margin shallowly concave, anterior mar- tion, collected by Morse and Sun (6 males NAU, 2 gin with V-shaped excision. Superior appendages males CUAC); 4 males, Qin-hua River, Wu-yuan each forked about one-third of length, with dorsal County, 57 km N. of Wu-yuan, Jiang-xi Province, branch sharp and slightly shorter than ventral 25 May 1990, 250 m elevation, collected by Morse branch; ventral branch broad and truncate at apex; and Yang and Sun (NAU). with dorsobasal process needle-like, recurved be- Diagnosis. As stated previously, the species is neath tergum XI+X, exceeding apices of other ap- very similar to P. I~OC~U~IZUSArefina, 1996, and P. pendages. Inferior appendages each broader at 7zaizji~zge~tsis,sp. nov., in their male genitalia. The base and apex, slightly narrower at middle; forked differences among them are explained above in the at apex, with apicodorsal projection finger-shaped, diagnosis of the latter species. curved mesad. Subphallic sclerite square, with Etymology. Explalzatus, Latin, "pressed, flat- slight incision at middle of posterior margin. Phal- tened," referring to the apex of each inferior ap- lus with acute apicodorsal lobe, about one-third as pendage. long as phallus. Distribution. The species has been found only Holotype male. 38 km N. of Cong-an, 2 km in the type locality in Jiang-xi Province, Oriental within Province border at 80 km marker, Jiang-xi Biogeographic Region. 308 Volume 11, Nos. 3-4, September-December, 1997, INSECTA MUNDI

Province, 26 May 1990, 550 m elevation, collected 1993, and most species from the New World (Bue- by Sun (NAU). no-Soria, 1990). However, the inferior appendages Diagnosis. The species is very similar to Poly- in P. acutus. are not as deeply forked as in this plectropus il~aequalisUlmer, 1927, in the apically species. The subphallic sclerite is rectangular, not truncated ventral branch of each superior append- triangular as in P. acutus. There are no ventral age. However, the new species has an apicodorsal processes of the subphallic sclerite in P. matthatha finger-like projection of each inferior appendage and the New World species. which is absent in P. il~aequalis. Etymology. Acu~nil~atus,Latin, "acuminate," Etymology. 6~volutus,Latin, "curvedinward," referring to the big acute mesad process of each referring to the shape of the dorsal branch of each inferior appendage. inferior appendage Distribution. The species is found in the type Distribution. The species has been found only localities in southern An-hui Province, Oriental in the type locality of the species in Wu-yi Mountain Biogeographic Region. area of Jiang-xi Province, Oriental Biogeographic Region. Polyplectropus acutus, sp. nov. (Figs. 20-23) Polyplectropus acuminatus, sp. nov. (Figs. 16-19) Adult. Length of body with folded wings: 6.2- 7.30 mm (N = 4). Adult. Length of body with folded wings: 5.40- Male genitalia (Figs. 20-23). Posterior mar- 7.60 mm (N = 10). gin of sternum IX with three short and broad dents; Male genitalia (Figs. 16-19). Posterior mar- anterior margin with U-shaped excision. Superior gin of sternum IX convex at middle and with two appendages not forked, slightly clavate, and each pairs of lateral projections curved anteriad, con- slightly curved ventrad to apex; with dorsobasal necting sternum to bases of subphallic sclerite and process needle-like and recurved beneath tergum superior appendages; anterior margin with U- IX+X, reaching just beyond apex of tergum. Inferi- shaped excision. Superior appendages not forked, or appendages each compressed and broad at base broader at apex than at base in lateral view; with and with deep rectangular excision beyond middle dorsobasal process needle-like and recurved be- in lateral view; with shallow fork at apex, dorsal neath tergum IX+X, reaching apices of superior branch acute and hooked ventrad, ventral branch and inferior appendages. Inferior appendages subrectangular. Subphallic sclerite triangular, with forked; dorsal branch slender in lateral view and posterior corner acute on posterior margin and recurved mesad and anteriad, with apicolateral with ventral projection on each side extending only corner concave in ventral view; ventral branch less to apex of sclerite. Phallus truncate at apex. than half as long as dorsal branch, 2X as wide as Holotype male. Ma-cheng County, 27 km N. dorsal branch in lateral view, but % as wide as of Ma-cheng, Tong-jia-chong River, Hu-bei Prov- dorsal branch in ventral view. Subphallic sclerite ince, 27 July 1990, 150 m elevation, collected by nearly rectangular, with pair of slender acute spines Morse and Yang (NAU). Paratypes: 9 paratypes, underneath slightly shorter than basomesal pro- same data as holotype (7 males NAU, 2 males cesses of superior appendages. Phallus truncate at CUAC). apex. Diagnosis. The species is similar to P. acumi- Holotype male. Feng-shu-cun, Qiou-pu-qian atus us, sp. nov., in possessing lateral projections of River, 11 km SE. of Dong-zhi, Dong-zhi County, the subphallic sclerite. The differences are stated An-hui Province, 7 July 1990, 30 m elevation, above in the diagnosis of that species. Its inferior collected by Morse and Yang (NAU). Paratypes: 9 appendages are somewhat like those of Polyplectro- males, Song-cun, Ding-xi River, Jin-xian County, pus anakelnpat Malicky, 1995, with the shallow 33 km E. of Jin-xian, An-hui Province, 8 June 1990, apical fork whose dorsal branch is acute and whose 120 m elevation, collected by Morse and Yang (7 ventral branch is subrectangular. However, in the males NAU, 2 males CUAC). new species, the basomesal process of each superior Diagnosis. The species is similar to Polyplec- appendage is not forked and tergum X is without tropus acutus, sp. nov., in possessing lateral spines lateral processes seen in P. anake~npat. under the subphallic sclerite. The inferior append- Etymology. Acutus, Latin, "abruptly sharp- ages of the species are deeply forked as in Polyplec- ened," referring to the shape of the posterior cor- tropus Inatthatha Malicky and Chantaramongkol, ners of the subphallic sclerite. INSECTA MUNDI, Vol. 11, Nos. 3-4, September-December, 1997 309

Distribution. The species is known only at the Polyplectropus nanjinge~zsisis most closely related type locality in Hu-bei Province, Oriental Biogeo- to P. ILOC~U~ILUS,as suggested by the apicoventral graphic Region. corner of each inferior appendage with a conspicu- ous tip. Polyplectropus explanatus is a sister spe- Polyplectropus curvatus, sp. nov. cies to the above lineage based on the truncate apex (Figs. 24-28) of each inferior appendage and the short mesal process of each superior appendage. The relation- Adult. Length of body with folded wings: 5.1 ships of the lineage composed of the above three mm (N = 1). species with P. inaequalis and P. involutus are Male genitalia (Figs. 24-28). Sternum IX with undecided yet. posterior margin broadly concave and with pro- Polyplectropus acurni7zatus is most closely re- truding ridge atmeson, anterior margin with broad- lated to P. lnatthatlza as evidenced by their dors- ly U-shaped excision; inner posterior margins with oventrally divided inferior appendages. This dors- pair of sclerotized strips articulating with bases of oventral division is due to a compressing of each inferior appendages. Superior appendages each inferior appendage, causing the mesal branch to with short, slender base; apical four-fifths broad shift to the ventral side. Therefore, these branches and subrectangular in lateral view; in dorsal view, are not homologous with those in species from apical half narrower than basal %, apex blunt; with America. The two species stated above belong to the dorsobasal process needle-like and recurved be- same lineage as Polyplectropus halnatifor7nis Mey, neath tergum IX+X, exceeding apices of superior 1990, Polyplectropus ba,ri~tgMalicky, 1993a, Poly- appendages. Inferior appendages each slender, S- plectropus sirizei Malicky, 199313, Polyplectropus shaped in ventral view, with apex truncate and joriln Malicky, 199313, Polyplectropus jotham Mal- directed mesad. Subphallic sclerite subrectangu- icky, 1993a, Polyplectropus a,drnin Malicky and lar, posterior margin with short, narrow incision at Chantaramongkol, 1993, as suggested by the ho- middle. Phallus narrowed at apex in dorsal view, mologue of the acute apex of lateral branch of each incised at middle. inferior appendage. The homologous inferior ap- Holotype male. 29 km N. of Cong-an City, at pendages each with a short subapicomesal branch 480 km marker, Fu-jian Province, 29 May 1990,408 and a lateral branch more or less curved mesad m elevation, collected by Morse and Yang (NAU). suggest that the above eight species cited in this Diagnosis. The species is somewhat similar to paragraph and the following species belong to the Polyplectropus prapat Malicky, 1993a in the slen- monophyletic Polyplectropus halnitiforinis Group, der, mesally curved inferior appendages. However, which also includes Polyplectropus josaphat Mal- these species are quite different. In the new species, icky, 1993a, Polyplectropl~s tam Malicky, 1995, each superior appendage has a more slender base in Polyplectropus chi7t Malicky, 1995, Polyplectropus lateral view (these are the same thickness through- saiz Malicky, 1995, Polyplectropus lnaiyarap Mal- out their length in P. prapat); tergum IX+X lacks icky, 1995, Polyplectropus a~zalzeinpat Malicky, lateral spines present in P. prapat; and the apex of 1995, and Polyplectropus acutus, sp. nov. each inferior appendage is truncate and without an Polyplectropus curvatus is a sister species of acute tip (round and with a small ventral tip in P. the lineage composed of Polyplectropus anakgugur prapat). Malicky, 1995, and Polyplectropus prapat Malicky, Etymology. Curvatus, Latin, "curved," refer- 1993a, as suggested by the homologously slender ring to the S-shaped inferior appendages in ventral inferior appendages. The latter two species share view. the presence of homologous lateral processes of Distribution. The species has been found tergum X. only at the type locality in Fu-jian Province, Orien- So far, the only homologue we found for the tal Biogeographic Region. genus is the fused condition of veins R2+3 in the posterior wing. Within this genus, long ventral Phylogenetic considerations teeth on the larval anal claws are present only in the New World species; ventral teeth of anal claws Apparently, P. IZ~~L~~~L~~TLS~S,P. explanatus, P. are absent in the Asian, Afrotropical, and Australa- ~zoctur~zus,P. iizaequalis and P. i~zv~lut~~,belong sian species of Polyplectropus so far studied (Ulm- to the monophyletic P. i~taequalisGroup, as sug- er, 1957; Marlier, 1962; Cowley, 1978; and the gested by their forked male superior appendages. current study). The teeth are long in the larvae of 310 Volume 11, Nos. 3-4, September-December, 1997, INSECTA MUNDI other Polycentropodidae genera (e.g., Para7tyctio- Flint, 0.S. 1968. Bredin-Archbold-Smithsonian biolog- phylax), short in others (e.g., Centoti~ta,Neureclip- ical survey of Dominica 9. The Trichoptera (Caddis- sis), and minute or absent in others (e.g., Cyr7tellus, flies) of the Lesser Antilles. Proceedings of the Polyce7ttropu.s). The main body of each superior United States National Museum 125(3665): 467- 481. appendage of the American species is more or less Hamilton, S. 1986. Systematics and biogeography of reduced as a hairy ear-like process. These two the New World Polyce7ztropus se7zsu strict0 (Tri- characters are, therefore, potentially homologous choptera: Polycentropodidae). Ph.D. Dissertation, for clustering the New World species as a mono- Clemson University. 257 pp. phyletic group (Bueno-Soria, 1990), but not for the Ivanov, V. D. 1990. Structure and evolution of setose world species. warts of caddisflies. Latvijas Entomologs 33: 96 - 110. Acknowledgements Malicky, H. 1993a. Neue asiastische Kocherfliegen (Trichoptera: , , Ec- We are greatly indebted to Dr. Steven Hamil- nomidae und Polycentropodidae). Entornologische ton for sharing his Polycentropodidae notebooks, Beirichte Luzern 29: 77-88. which saved us a lot time. We are grateful to Mr. Malicky, H. 1993b. Neue Kocherfliegen (Trichoptera: Philopotamidae, Polycentropodidae, , Chang-min Lu for his help in rearing Polyplectro- , , ). Linzer pus 7~a7zji7~ge7~sis,n. sp., and to Prof. Lian-fang Biologische Beitrage, 25 (2): 1099 - 1136. Yang and Mr. Chang-hai Sun for their help in Malicky, H., and P. Chantaramongkol. 1993. Neue collecting adults. This research was supported by Trichopteren aus Thailand. Teil 1: Rhyacophilidae, US National Science Foundation Grant No. DEB- , Philopotamidae, Polycentropodidae, 9318074. This is Technical Contribution No. 4295 of Ecnomidae, Psychomyiidae, , Hy- the South Carolina Agricultural Experiment Sta- dropsychidae. Linzer Biologische Beitrage 25 (1): tion, Clemson University. 433-487. Malicky, H. 1995. Weitere neue Kocherfliegen (Tri- References choptera) aus Asien. Baueria (Lunz am See, Aus- Arefina, T. I. 1996. Polyplectropus Ulmer, a genus of tria) 22: 11-26. Trichoptera (Polycentropodidae) new to the Rus- Marlier, G. 1962. Genera des Trichopteres de I'Afrique. sian fauna, with description of a new species. Aquatic Annales du Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Ser. 18(1): 61-64. 8, Sciences Zoologiques 109: 1-263. Bueno-Soria, J. 1990. Estudios en insectos acuaticos Mey, W. 1990. Neue Kocherfliegen von den Philippinen VIII. Revision para Mexico y Centro America del (Trichoptera). Opuscula Zoologica Fluminensia 57: genero Polyplectropus Ulmer (Trichoptera: Poly- 1-19. centropodidae). Anales Inst. Biol. Universi. Nac. Ulmer, G. 1908. Japanische Trichopteren. Deutsche Autbn. Mexico, Ser. Zool. 61(3): 357-404. Entomologische Zeitschrift 339-355. Cowley, D.R. 1978. Studies on the larvae of New Ulmer, G. 1927. Einige neue Trichopteren aus Asien. Zealand Trichoptera. New Zealand Journal of Zool- Entomologische Mitteilungen 16(3): 172-182, pl. 5- ogy 5: 639-750. 6. Flint, 0.S. 1964. Notes on some Nearctic Psychomyi- Ulmer, G. 1957. Kocherfliegen (Trichoptera) von den idae with special reference to their larvae (Tri- Sunda-Inseln (teil 111). Larven und Puppen der choptera). Proceedings of the United States Nation- , unter Beriicksichtigung verwandter al Museum 114(3473): 453-78. Formen und deren Literatur aus anderen Faunenge- bieten. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, Suppl. 23(2/4): 109-470.