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REVIVING THE ECONOMY OF KP PROVINCE OF PAKISTAN UNDER THE DAIRY SCIENCE PARK
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ABSTRACT BOOK
SELÇUK UNIVERSITY CAMPUS 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
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Editör Yrd. Doç. Dr. Mithat DI REK
ISBN: 978-605-9119-29-0
Aybil Yayınevi Sertifika No : 31790 Aybil Basımevi Sertifika No : 31790
www.aybilonline.com Baskı & Cilt: AYBİL DİJİTAL BASKI REKLAM MÜHENDİSLİK TURİZM SANAYİ VE TİCARET LİMİTED ŞİRKETİ
Ferhuniye Mh. Sultanşah Cd. No:30/A KONYA Tel: 0.332 350 21 71 Fax: 0.332 350 71 21
KONYA - EYLÜL- 2015 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 3
Honorary Committee Prof. Hakkı Gökbel, President, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey Prof. Ir. Ahmad Yunus, Director, Graduate Program, Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia Prof. Dean L. Bresciani, President, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA Dr. Masum BURAK, General Director, Ministry of Food Agriculture and Livestock, General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies Turkey Dr. Mahmoud Solh, General Director, ICARDA, Beirut, Lebanon
Conference Chair Dr. Mithat Direk, Agricultural Economy, Selcuk University, Turkey
Conference Co-Chair Dr. Halis Simsek, Agricultural&Biosystems Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
Organizing Committee (in alphabetical order) Dr. Arzu Kan, Rural Development, Selcuk University, Turkey Dr. Bilal Acar, Irrigation, Selcuk University, Turkey Dr. Kubilay Baştaş, Plant Protection, Selcuk University, Turkey Dr. Komariah Kokom, Soil Science, Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia N. Kursat Akbulut, Vice Director, Veterinarian, Bahri Dagdas International Agricultural Research Institute-Konya-Turkey Dr. Muhammed Kamil Öden, Selcuk University, Turkey Dr. Mustafa Kan, Director, Agricultural Economy, Bahri Dagdas International Agricultural Research Institute-Konya-Turkey Dr. Richard Horsley, Department Head, Plant Science, North Dakota State University, USA Oktay OKUR, Vice Director, Bahri Dagdas International Agricultural Research Institute- Konya-Turkey Zafer ARISOY, Vice Director, Agronomist, Bahri Dagdas International Agricultural Research Institute-Konya-Turkey
4 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment Conference Secretary Dr. Gul Ülke, Bahri Dagdas International Agricultural Research Institute-Konya-Turkey
Tulay Canatan Yilmaz, Bahri Dagdas International Agricultural Research Institute-Konya- Turkey
Scientific Committee (in alphabetical order) Dr. Ahmad Muhammed Ahmed, Dr. David M. Saxowsky, Agribusiness & Agribusiness & Applied Economic, Tanta Applied Economic, North Dakota State University, Egypt University, USA
Dr. Alex Morgounov, CIMMYT Turkey Dr. Eakalak Khan, Civil & Environmental Coordinator, Ankara, Turkey Engineering, North Dakota State Dr. Ali Osman SARI, Deputy General University, USA Director, Ministry of Food Agriculture and Livestock, General Directorate of Dr. Elias M. Elias, Plant Science, North Agricultural Research and Policies Turkey Dakota State University, USA Dr. Amir Khalaf Aziz Al-Darwash, Dr. Felix Arion, University of Agricultural Nutrition&Food Technology, University of Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Baghdad, Iraq Romania Dr. Bahri Ozsisli, Food Science, Dr. Fikrettin Şahin, Genetic Engineering, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University, Yeditepe University, Turkey Turkey Dr. Ganesh Bora, Agricultural Dr. Bilal Cemek, Agricultural &Biosystems Engineering, North Dakota &Biosystems Engineering, Ondokuz State University, USA Mayis University, Turkey Dr. Gary A. Anderson, Agricultural Dr. Bonga Zuma, Goadex Engineering and &Biosystems Engineering, South Dakota Water Science, Rhodes University, South State University, USA Africa Dr. Latif Kalin, Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, USA Dr. Cennet Oğuz, Agricultural Economy, Selcuk University, Turkey Dr. M.Musa Ozcan, Vice President, Selcuk University, Turkey Dr. Cevdet Şeker, Dean, College of Agriculture, Selcuk University, Turkey Dr. M. Tariq Javed, Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Dr. Chaiwat Rongsayamanont, Pakistan Environmental Management, Prince of Songkla University, Thailand Dr. Mehmet Isleyen, Environmental Engineering, Bursa Technical University, Dr. Darlina Md. Naim, Biological Turkey Sciences, University Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia Dr. Mehmet Kobya, Environmental Engineering, Gebze Technical University, Turkey
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 5
Dr. Mesut KESER, ICARDA Turkey Dr. Şenay Şimşek, Plant Science, North Coordinator, Ankara, Turkey Dakota State University, USA
Dr. Muhammad Ashfaq, Agricultural and Dr. Shafiqur Rahman, Agricultural Resource Economics, University of &Biosystems Engineering, North Dakota Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan State University, USA Dr. Muhammad Subhan Qureshi, Dean, Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Dr. Shazia Shafique, Plant Pathology, Science, Agricultural University, University of the Punjab, Pakistan Peshawar, Pakistan Dr. Sherin Ahmed Sherif, Economics & Dr. Orhan Ozçatalbaş, Rural Development Agribusiness, Alexandria University, & Extension, Akdeniz University, Antalya Egypt Dr. Probang Setyono, Environmental- Dr. Sobiya Shafique, Mycology &Plant Expert, Sebelas Maret University, Pathology, University of the Punjab, Indonesia Lahore, Pakistan Dr. Rabha Bennama, Biology, University Dr. Şükrü Dursun, Environmental of Mostaganem, Algeria Engineering, Selcuk University, Turkey Dr. Rudi Hari Murti, Vice Dean of Dr. Sutrisno Hadi Purnomo, Agribusiness, Academic and Student Affairs, Gadjah Sebelas Maret University Solo, Indonesia Mada University, Indonesia Dr. Widyatmani Sih Dewi, Agricultural Dr. Said Wahab, Food Science and Technology, Sebelas Maret University, Technology, University of Agriculture Indonesia Peshawar, Pakistan Abdallah Likava, Biochemistry, Mtwara, Tanzania Ahmad Said, Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries, Pakistan Haroun Chenchouni, Ecology, University of Tebessa, Algeria Reza Kamrani, Horticulture Science, Islamic Azad University, Iran 6 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
Keynote Speakers
Prof. Dr. Hüseyin Avni ÖKTEM
Nanobiotechnology: Potential Applications in Agriculture & Environmental Sciences
Konya Food and Agriculture University, Turkey
Prof. Sreekala G. Bajwa
Precision Agriculture at NDSU - Meeting Local Needs and Contributing to Global Food Security Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering North Dakota State University, USA
Prof. Amir M.H. Ibrahim
Breeding Wheat for Sustainable Production Systems
Texas A&M University, USA
Prof. Dr. Kenan PEKER
Computational Science of Sustainability
Selcuk University, Konya, TURKEY
Prof. Dr. Eric Strausse
Sustainable Land Management
School of Planning, Design and Construction
Michigan State University, USA
Dr. Ronchi Cesare
Barilla Sustainable Farming Activities and Milano Protocol
BARILLA-Italy
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 7
Scope of the conference
Selcuk University and Ministry of Food Agriculture and Livestock are organized to take part in the 2nd International Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment (2nd ICSAE), which will be held at the Selcuk University Campus in the City of Konya, Turkey between September 30 and October 3, 2015. This is an event for researchers, scholars, engineers, resources managers, students, policy-makers, and all those interested in agricultural and environmental sciences. The conference provides great opportunity to network with colleagues worldwide to share knowledge and experience on teaching and research in agricultural and environmental area.
The main scope of this conference is to invite the experts to discuss the projects and applications on sustainable development in agriculture and environment. The main topic areas include interaction between agriculture and environment, social and economic aspects of environment, biology and agriculture, using biology to tackle environmental & agricultural concerns, sustainable development, tropical agriculture, biodiversity, biotechnology, horticulture, plants, animal production, climate change, environment, local ecological knowledge, water management, soil conservation, agriculture social economics, IPM (Integrated pest management), integrated agriculture management, hydraulic structure, maintenance and operation food sovereignty, food security, other related agriculture and environment issue.
All submitted papers was reviewed by the conference scientific committee. All accepted papers will be published in the conference proceeding. Selected papers based on the quality will be published in the one of the journals below:
1. Selcuk Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences (http://sjafs.selcuk.edu.tr/sjafs/index) 2. Journal of International Environmental Application & Science (http://www.jieas.com/). 3. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin (http://www.psp-parlar.de/) 4. Bahri Dagdas Journal of Crop Research (http://arastirma.tarim.gov.tr/bahridagdas/Menu/50/Dergilerimiz) 5. Bahri Dagdas Journal of Animal Research (http://arastirma.tarim.gov.tr/bahridagdas/Menu/50/Dergilerimiz) 6. Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology (http://www.agrifoodscience.com) 7. Journal of Selcuk University Natural & Applied Science (http://www.josunas.org/
Dr. Mithat Direk Conference Chair
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CONTENTS
PRECISION AGRICULTURE AT NDSU - MEETING LOCAL NEEDS AND CONTRIBUTING TO GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY Sreekala Bajwa ...... 35
SCREENING NEW CROPS FOR ADAPTATION PROMOTES AGRICULTURAL SUSTAINABILITY B.L. Johnson, M.T. Berti, S. Dash, P.K. Gilbertson, K. Sahu, P.J. Petersen ...... 36
NANOTECHNOLOGY FOR AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH Dharmakeerthi Nawarathna ...... 37
VALUE ADDED SUSTAINABLE DISPOSITION OF CORN DRIED DISTILLERS GRAINS WITH SOLUBLES Dilpreet S Bajwa and David J Sundquist ...... 38
SOURCE, FATE, AND TRANSPORT OF CRYPTOSPORIDIUM IN THE RED RIVER WATERSHED, NORTH DAKOTA, USA Tanush Wadhawan, John McEvoy, Xuefeng Chu, Eakalak Khan ...... 39
EXOGENOUS ASCORBIC ACID INCREASES RESISTANCE TO SALT OF SILYBUM MARIANUM (L.) Banu Aytül EKMEKÇI ...... 40
ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF AGRICULTURAL WATER QUALITY IN SOUTH DAKOTA Laurent Ahiablame ...... 41
RAPESEED BREEDING – A SUCCESS STORY FROM SCRATCH AT NORTH DAKOTA STATE UNIVERSITY Mukhlesur Rahman ...... 42
MORTALITY MANAGEMENT AND DISPOSAL OPTIONS Shafiqur Rahman ...... 43
ALGAE-BASED WASTEWATER TREATMENT OF DOMESTIC AND AGRICULTURAL WASTEWATER THAT CAN YIELD MULTIPLE SOURCES OF REVENUE INCLUDING BIODIESEL, ELECTRICITY AND PATHOGEN-FREE FERTILIZER Stephen R. Lyon, Hossein Ahmadzadeh, Marcia A. Murry ...... 44
ROLE OF EXTENSION IN US LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION, A WASTE MANAGEMENT EMPHASIS Teng Teeh Lim ...... 45
CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR IN TURKEY Ayse OZCAN, Eric STRAUSS ...... 46
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IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT IN A GREENHAOUSE BY AN AUTOMATED IRRIGATION SYSTEM SENSING WATER LEVEL FROM A MINI-PAN Murat YILDIRIM ...... 47
DRY PEAS VARIETIES (PISUM SATIVUM L.) FOR THE PROVISION OF IMPROVED SEEDS AND THE EXTENT OF ITS CONTRIBUTION IN INCREASING THE PRODUCTIVITY OF DRY PEAS CROP IN LIBYA Mabrouk El-SHARIEF, Ahmed ALBUASHE, Younis, SHOAIB, Yousef El-NAJH, Khaled ABBOUD, Abdel Aziz SALEH ...... 48
KATI ATIKLARIN ÇEVREYE VE SAĞLIĞA ETKİSİ KONUSUNDA BİREYLERİN BİLİNÇ DÜZEYİNİN BELİRLENMESİ ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA (TOKAT İL MERKEZİ ÖRNEĞİ) Rüveyda KIZILOĞLU, Halil KIZILASLAN, Gülten SOYSAL ...... 49
KİMYASAL ATIKLARIN ÇEVRE VE SAĞLIĞA ETKİSİ KONUSUNDA BİREYLERİN BİLİNÇ DÜZEYİNİN BELİRLENMESİ ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA (KARABÜK İL MERKEZİ ÖRNEĞİ) Rüveyda KIZILOĞLU, Halil KIZILASLAN, Müyesser YURDABAKAN ...... 50
GROWTH AND YIELD PERFORMANCE OF Hevea brasiliensis UNDER VARIOUS PLANTING DENSITY Zulkefly SULAIMAN and Goh, S.S...... 51
FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF FULL FAT AND DEFATTED WALNUT FLOUR T. A. Sanni, E.M. Ogunbusola ...... 52
MANAGEMENT OF PESTICIDES, A WAY TO ACHIEVE SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE Razieh POURDARBANI ...... 53
TARIMDA BLOK MODELİ VE TARIMSAL DENETİM (TARBLOK) © Yıldıray KAYA ...... 54
REVIVING THE ECONOMY OF KP PROVINCE OF PAKISTAN UNDER THE DAIRY SCIENCE PARK M Subhan Qureshi, Sarzamin Khan, Irfan Ul Haq Qureshi, Asim Ijaz and Asad Sultan ..... 55
FOOD INSECURITY IN AFRICA; CAUSES, EFFECTS AND SOLUTIONS: A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIA B. OZKAN, W.O. FAWOLE, and E. ILBASMIS ...... 56
THE INFLUENCE OF MICROCLIMATE FOREST TOWARDS THE DIVERSITY OF EPIPHYTES IN LOWLAND DIPTEROCARP FOREST Akas Pinaringan Sujalu, Sigit Hardwinarto, Chandradewana Boer, M. Soemaryono ...... 57
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QUALITY OF SOME GENOTYPES CUCUMBER (Cucucmis sativus L.) CULTIVATED IN BANDUNG RAHAYU, S.T, U.SUMPENA, A. ASGAR, D. MUSADDAD ...... 58
DOUBLE-LOG CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF WHEAT PRODUCTION SINDH PROVINCE OF PAKISTAN Joyo, Nanik Ram, Ismail Kumbharf ...... 59
DRY MATTER PRODUCTION, BOTANICAL COMPOSITION AND WATER USE EFFICIENCY OF SIMPLE AND MULTISPECIES PASTURE MIXTURES Gazi OZCAN, Serkan ATES , Harun CICEK, Saban ISIK and Stephen P. Loss ...... 60
SORREL SEEDS (Hibscuss abdariffa) OIL AND THE EFFECTS OF GAMMA IRRADIATION ON FATTY ACID PROFILE Toibudeen Adesegun Sanni ...... 61
NON-DESTRUCTIVE MEASUREMENTS OF PROXIMATE COMPOSITIONS OF QUALITY PROTEIN MAIZE (QPM) AND SORGHUM RELEVANT FOR CONFECTIONERY AND PASTA PRODUCTION Ismail A. Durojaiye , Chukwu O., Usman D. Drambi ...... 62
GOOD AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES IN MAIZE FOR SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION IN RAINFED KAREWAS OF KASHMIR VALLEY Ajaz A Lone, Z A Dar, B A Alie, S A Dar, F A Bahar, I Abidi, G Ali , G Zafar ...... 63
THE EFFECT OF TWO DIFFERENT ZEOLITES APPLIED IN COMBINATION WITH ORGANIC AND INORGANIC FERTILIZER ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF PEA CROP Tuba ARJUMEND, Metin TURAN, Zulal AKTAŞ, Mohsin ZAFAR, Tabish Abdul RAZZAQ ...... 64
AN ANALYTICAL STUDY OF SOME DIMENSIONS FOR THE FUTURE VISION OF AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN EGYPT Abdullah Mahmoud Abdel-maqsoud Ahmed ...... 65
ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY OF PROFILES OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS STRAINS ISOLATED FROM FOOD AND FOOD CONTACT SURFACES Mert SUDAGIDAN, Ali AYDIN, Huseyin Avni OKTEM ...... 66
A VIEW OF UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS FOR PRECISION AGRICULTURE Mehmet Serhat ODABAS, Gökhan KAYHAN, Nurettin ŞENYER, Erhan ERGÜN ...... 67
SAHARIAN AGRICULTURE: CURRENT SITUATION AND PROSPECTS FOR DEVELOPMENT Salah Zenkhri, Lakhdar Kouri ...... 68
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UTILIZATION OF CELLULOLYTIC ENZYMES TO IMPROVE MILK YIELD, MILK COMPOSITION, BLOOD SERUM PARAMETERS AND THE FEED EFFICIENCY AND ECONOMICAL EVALUATION OF LACTATING GOATS A.M. Kholif, Eman S.A. Farahat, M.A. Hanafy, S.M. Kholif, R.R. EL-Sayed ...... 69
THE BIFUNCTIONAL CATALASE-PHENOL OXIDASE (CATPO) FROM SCYTALIDIUM THERMOPHILUM: PROPERTIES AND PERSPECTIVES FOR ITS APPLICATIONS IN FOOD AND SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENT Zümrüt Begüm ÖGEL, Betül SÖYLER, Gülden KOÇLAR ...... 70
EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE ON EMBRYONIC AND LARVAL DEVELOPMENT OF EUROPEAN GREEN TOAD, (Bufo viridis, Laurenti, 1768)
Turani Blerta, Aliko Valbona...... 71
THE REFLECTIONS OF THE EGYPTIAN AGRICULTURAL AND ECONOMIC POLICIES ON PRODUCTION AND THE FEDDAN COSTS FOR THE WHEAT CROP Prof. Ahmed Mohammad Ahmed, Dr. Abdel Baky Musa Elshayeb Ass. Sahar Abdel Raheem Mohammad Abd Elwaha ...... 72
SUSTAINABILITY IN KONYA CLOSED BASIN AND WETLANDS Muhittin ÇELEBI ...... 73
RISK PERCEPTION AND MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES IN DAIRY FARMING: A CASE OF ADANA PROVINCE OF TURKEY Seyit HAYRAN, Aykut GUL ...... 74
OVARIAN MORPHOLOGY OF AN AGRICULTURAL PEST, Melanogryllus desertus (PALLAS, 1771) Özlem ÇAKICI ...... 75
A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF THE GUT MORPHOLOGY OF AN AGRICULTURAL PEST, GRYLLUS BIMACULATUS Özlem ÇAKICI ...... 76
IS IT POSSIBLE TO HAVE “JAPAN SYNDROME” IN TURKISH AGRICULTURE? Namık CEYHAN ...... 77
IS IT POSSIBLE TO HAVE SUSTAINABLE LAND MANAGEMENT? Namık CEYHAN ...... 78
ADOPTION AND DIFFUSION OF SILAGE MAKING FROM GRASS IN INTERIOR COAST AREAS OF RİZE Çağatay YILDIRIM, Hatice TÜRKTEN, İsmet BOZ ...... 79
SERICULTURE IN ORGANIC AGRICULTURE AREAS IN TURKEY AND ITS CONTRIBUTION TO SUSTAINABILITY OF SECTOR Berrin TAŞKAYA TOP, İlkay UÇUM ...... 80
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NEW TECHNOLOGIES TO REDUCE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF COAL-FIRED POWER PLANTS Gülben Gülcan PEHLIVANZADE, Sırrı UYANIK ...... 81
IDENTIFICATION OF WHEAT LANDRACES YIELD &SOME YIELD COMPONENTS COMBINING TOLERANCE TO DROUGHT E. Özer, B. AKIN, K. ŞUBASI, F. ÖZDEMIR and A. MORGOUNOV ...... 82
RENEWABLE ENERGY AND RURAL WOMAN Dilek Bostan BUDAK, Ufuk GÜLTEKIN, Fuat BUDAK, Zeynep ZAIMOĞLU ...... 83
USING VIA ELECTROCOAGULATION PROCESS OF ALTERNATIVE TREATMENT PROCESSES FOR TEXTILE WASTEWATER TREATMENT Zinnur YILMAZ, Fuat ÖZYONAR, Bunyamin KARAGOZOGLU ...... 84
İKLİM DEĞİŞİKLİĞİNİN KONYA İLİ ARICILIĞI AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ Pınar ÖZTÜRK, Gökhan AKDENIZ ...... 85
A STRATEGY FOR TRAINING EXTENSION EXPERT FOR BEEKEEPING IN TURKEY Ahmet Haşim KESKİN ...... 86
A SUSTAINABLE MODEL FOR CONSERVATION AND UTILIZATION OF NATIVE CHICKEN GENOTYPES OF TURKEY Demir ÖZDEMIR, Muhammed Ernur AKINER ...... 87
ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE AGRICULTURAL MANURE NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT Muhammed Ernur AKINER, Demir ÖZDEMİR ...... 88
γ-IRRADIATED SORREL SEEDS (Hibscus sabdariffa): FUNCTIONAL AND SOME CHEMICAL PROPERTIES T.A.Sanni, E.M.Ogunbusola ...... 89
COMPARISON OF POTENTIOMETRIC AND SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHODS FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF EXTRACELLULAR ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE ACTIVITIES IN SOIL Vildan ERCI, Fatih ERCI, Emrah TORLAK, Ibrahim ISILDAK, Ridvan KIZILKAYA ... 90
POTENTIOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF EXTRACELLULAR UREASE ACTIVITIES IN EXTRACTS OF SOIL SAMPLES Vildan ERCI, Fatih ERCI, Ridvan KIZILKAYA, Ibrahim ISILDAK ...... 91
APPLICATION OF GASEOUS OZONE AGAINST PAENIBACILLUS LARVAE SPORES ON HIVE MATERIALS Emrah TORLAK,, Mehmet Kürşat IŞIK ...... 92
BIOREFINERIES BASED ON LIGNOCELLULOSIC AGRICULTURAL WASTES Erinç BAHÇEGÜL, Necati ÖZKAN, Ufuk BÖLÜKBAŞI ...... 93
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THE COMPARISON OF PEST MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND COMMUNICATION NETWORKS FOR ORGANIC AND CONVENTIONAL HAZELNUT PRODUCERS IN SAMSUN PROVINCE OF TURKEY Kürşat DEMIRYÜREK , Mehmet AYDOĞAN and Nur İlkay ABACI ...... 94
IN VITRO INHIBITORY EFFECT of SOME PLANT EXTRACTS AGAINST Fusarium culmorum (W.G. Smith) CAUSAL AGENT of FOOT and ROOT ROT DISEASE on WHEAT Gül İMRIZ, Fatih ÖZDEMIR, Murat Nadi TAŞ, Eyüp BAŞER, İlker TOPAL, Birol ERCAN, Mehmet Sait KARACA ...... 95
AGRICULTURAL MECHANIZATION CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CARROT CULTIVATION FARMS IN ANKARA Sedat YOKUŞ1, Metin TAN2, Nazan İLGÜNOĞLU2, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ufuk KARADAVUT3, Prof. Dr. Cevat AYDIN4 ...... 96 RISK COMMUNICATION IN MILK CONSUMPTION IN ADANA Tuğçe UĞUR, Dilek Bostan BUDAK ...... 97
TOPOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI INFECTION IN STOMACH AND GASTRIC MUCOSAL CHANGES WITH CANCER TENDENCY Kopaçi (Selimi) Ermela, Rexha Tefta, Lika Mirela, Ibrahimi Eliana ...... 98
A STUDY TO THE RELATION BETWEEN HELICOBACTER PYLORI INFECTION AND GASTRIC INFLAMMATION Kopaçi (Selimi) Ermela, Rexha Tefta, Lika Mirela, Ibrahimi Eliana ...... 99
COMPOST TECHNIQUES OF OLIVE MILL BY PRODUCT (OLIVE POMACE) AND REUSE AS ORGANIC FERTILIZER Serap Soyergin ...... 100
PERSONALITY TRAITS FOR THE MAJORITY OF PADDY FARMERS, IN MADA, KEDAH, MALAYSIA Salim Hassan, Siti Nur Syarafina Abdullah ...... 101
FOOD SECURITY AND FAMILY PLANNING IN OYO STATE, NIGERIA Adepoju, A. A...... 102
FAMILY FARMING IN LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION Umut AYDIN ...... 103
DIFFUSION AND ADOPTION OF SOME NEW FERTILIZER TECHNOLOGY BETWEEN GROWERS OF THREE VILLAGES IN QALUBEIA GOVERNORATE Said Abbas Rashad ...... 104
INFLUENCE OF DIET ON THE CLOTTING ACTIVITY OF DROMEDARY’S GASTRIC COAGULANT EXTRACTS Saliha Boudjenah-Haroun, Wafa Souid Asma Balla, Isselnane Souad, Abderrahmane Mati ...... 105
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ORTAK TARIM POLİTİKASI VE GELİŞMELER Levent YAZICI ...... 106
RISK MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES ADOPTION OF FARMING HOUSEHOLDS IN KWARA STATE OF NIGERIA: A PRAGMATIC APPROACH OLAWUYI, Seyi Olalekan, OJEDOKUN, Idris Kayode and OLAWUYI, Tosin Dolapo ...... 107
RISK FACTORS OF NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS: A REALITY OF SEMI-ARID REGION IN ALGERIA Bourouba ROMYLA, Houcher BAKHOUCHE, Eğin YONÇA, Akar NEJAT ...... 108
PROBOSCIS EXTENSION RESPONSES OF THREE APIS MELLIFERASUBSPECIES TO DIFFERENT FLORAL NECTARS Hussain Ali, Abdulaziz S. Alqarni, Awad M.Awad, and Ayman A.Owayss ...... 109
FACTORS INFLUENCED CONSUMER BEHAVIOR TOWARDS ORGANIC FOOD IN EGYPT Inas El-sayed Sadek ...... 110
AN ECONOMIC STUDY OF FOOD SECURITY IN THE ARAB SPRING COUNTRIES Nashwa EL-Tatawy, Lamis Fawzy El-Bahnasy ...... 111
ENSURING RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN PLACE USING YOUR METHODS OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE Sevim ARTIK, Akın OLGUN ...... 112
FARMERS’ PERCEPTION OF SOIL EROSION CONTROL MEASURES: IMPLICATIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENT S.O. EZE, E.E. OSALON ...... 113
CYTOPLASM TYPES OF SOME COMMERCIAL ONION (Allium Cepa L.) VARIETIES GROWN IN TURKEY Esra CEBECI, H. PADEM, A.F. GÖKÇE ...... 114
DETECTION OF CYTOPLASM AND NUCLEUS TYPES WITH SNPS IN ONION (Allium cepa L.) HYBRID BREEDING Esra CEBECİ, Fatih HANCİ, Michael J. HAVEY ...... 115
A PRELIMINARY SURVEY OF PUBLIC WILLINGNESS AND ACCEPTANCE OF SEGREGATION AND USE OF HUMAN-URINE AS FERTILIZER IN TURKEY F. Nihan YILDIZ-DOGAN, Mohammed S. SHIHAB, F. Tuba CITAK, Bilsen BELER-BAYKAL, Mehmet Emin PASAOGLU, Asli OZTURK ...... 116
DETERMINANTS OF FOOD SECURITY AMONG RURAL WOMEN IN ABIA STATE, NIGERIA Osahon, E.E., Odoemelam, L.E...... 117
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COTTON GROWERS SATISFACTION WITH PUBLIC AND PRIVATE EXTENSION SERVICES: CASE STUDY OF MUZAFFARGARH DISTRICT, PUNAJB, PAKISTAN Muhammad IMRAN, Orhan ÖZÇATALBAŞ ...... 118
DETERMINATION OF SOME CHARACTERISTICS RELATED TO YIELD COMPONENTS OF ADVANCED BREEDING CHICKPEA LINES AND VARIETIES IN KONYA ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS Hakan BAYRAK, Ramazan KELEŞ, Gül İMRİZ ...... 119
COMPARATIVE ANTHELMINTIC EFFICACY OF CHLOROFORMIC AND METHANOLIC EXTRACTS OF CORIANDRUM SATIVUM AND IVERMECTIN IN SALT RANGE SHEEP Memrez Khushal Gigyani, Muhammad Ovais Omer, Muhammad Mushtaq, Qamar Niaz, Nisar Ahmad, Fakhrul Islam ...... 120
WHEAT RESPONSE TO SINGLE MINERAL OR MIXED ORGANIC NITROGEN SOIL AMENDMENTS IN KASHMIR, PAKISTAN Mohsin Zafar, Muhammad Zahid, and Tuba Arjumend ...... 121
NEW RECORDS OF SUBGENUS PARADIACHALCOIDEA DACCORDI, 1978 AND CHRYSOLINA DOHRNII (FAIRMAIRE, 1865) FOR TURKEY (CHRYSOMELIDAE: CHRYSOMELINAE: CHRYSOLINA) Hüseyin Özdikmen, Didem Coral Şahin, Cemil Yetkin ...... 122
INTENSIFICATION OF SUSTAINABILITY ON HIGHER WATER-USED CROPS Oner Cetin, Ali Fuat Tarı, Cuma Akıncı ...... 123
THE IMPORTANCE OF WATER QUALITY FOR IRRIGATION Kahraman SELVİ, Seda ÖZDİKMENLİ, Musa YALMAN, Ramazan YILDIZ ...... 124
THE EFFECTS OF DROUGHT OF PEANUT THE YIELD COMPONENTS Ferrin Ferda Aşık, Reşat Yıldız ...... 125
SAMSUN İLİ BAFRA İLÇESİNDE ÇELTİK ÜRETİMİNE YER VEREN TARIM İŞLETMELERİNDE İNOVASYON VE SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİRLİK İLİŞKİSİ Selime CANAN, Vedat CEYHAN ...... 126
AIR POLLUTION PROBLEM IN ERZURUM CITY DURING 2014-2015 F. Ekmekyapar Torun, Z. Bingül ...... 127
INFLUENCE OF ORGANIC FERTILIZERS ON SOIL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Selma ÖZTEKİN, Nurhan MUTLU, Gülçin ALTINTAŞ, Tekin ÖZTEKİN, Naif GEBOLOĞLU, Mahfuz ELMASTAŞ, Mine AYDIN, Ömer Faruk NOYAN ...... 128
THE INVESTIGATION OF MANUFACTURING POSSIBILITIES INNOVATIVE BUILDING THERMAL INSULATION MATERIALS FROM AGRICULTURAL AND FORESTRY WASTES Fatih Tuncay EFE, Seda ÖZDİKMENLİ ...... 129
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SOME YIELD FEATURES OF ZOM SHEEP GROWN PEOPLE'S HAND IN DİYARBAKIR PROVINCE Sahin TEZ, Yavuz HAN, Nalan AKÇA, Polat İPEK, Mehmet Emin VURAL, Ahmet KARATAŞ, Bırusk KESKİN ...... 130
AN ECONOMETRIC APPROACH TO SUNFLOWER PRODUCTION IN TURKEY Mehmet Muhammed SARI, Atilla KESKİN, Semiha KIZILOĞLU ...... 131
SOCIAL CAPITAL FORMATION: THE MISSING LINK AMONG FOOD CROPS FARMERS IN OSUN STATE, NIGERIA Seyi Olalekan OLAWUYI, Tosin Dolapo OLAWUYI ...... 132
THE OPTIMIZATION OF CULTURE CONDITIONS OF A STRAIN PRODUCING BACTERIOCINS ISOLATED FROM GOAT MILK Siboukeur Amina, Sayas G. , Moume A., Siboukeur O...... 133
AN ECONOMIC STUDY OF THE IMPACT OF FOOT- MOUTH DISEASE ON THE REPRODUCTION AND PRODUCTION EFFICIENCY OF THE INFECTED MIXED CATTLE IN GHARBIA GOVERNORATE Ali Rizk Mustafa, Mohamed Ghazi Sayed, Omar Ahmad Badr, Ebrahim Elsyed Easa . 134
IMPACT OF APPLYING AGRICULTURAL POLICIES ON THE PRODUCTION COSTS OF WHEAT AND COTTON IN EGYPT Eman R. El-fahl, Rania A. Ahmed ...... 135
THE ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF THE RED MEAT PRODUCTION FARMS IN NUBERIA REGION AT THE NEW LANDS El-Hussein A. El Saify ...... 136
IMPACT STUDY OF AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT ON THE ENVIRONMENT OASIAN DEGRADATION OF OUED RIGH (ALGERIAN BAS SAHARA) Mohamed Lakhdar SAKER, Mustapha DADDI BOUHOUN and Naceur Eddine ...... 137
BIOCHEMICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF LEMON PLANT UNDER SALT STRESS Servet ARAS, Emine ARSLAN and Ahmet EŞITKEN ...... 138
STUDY OF IMPACT DRAINAGE WATER ON SPIRULINA CULTIVATION IN OUARGLA (ALGERIAN BAS SAHARA) Mustapha DADDI BOUHOUN, Afaf DJAGHOUBI and Ali SAGGAÏ ...... 139
IMPACT OF AGRICULTURAL TREATED WASTEWATER REUSE ON PHOSPHATE FERTILIZATION OF SOILS IN OUARGLA (NORTHERN ALGERIAN SAHARA) Mustapha DADDI BOUHOUN, Amal BOUHANNA, Mohamed Lakhdar SAKER ...... 140
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COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF AGRONOMIC TRAITS AND ISSR METHOD TO EVALUATE GENETIC DIVERSITY AMONG GENOTYPES OF SOME SOYBEANS [GLYCINE MAX (L.) MERR.] Emine ARSLAN, Elif GÜLBAHÇE MUTLU, Ömer DURSUN, S. Ahmet BAĞCI ..... 141
BRUCELLOSIS INFECTION IN LOCAL AND EXOTIC CATTLE OF PUNJAB, PAKISTAN Shahzad Ali, Heinrich Neubauer, Falk Melzer, Iahtasham Khan, Qurban Ali, Shamim Akhter ...... 142
THE EFFECTS OF AFLATOXIN B1 ON THE GROWTH HORMONE REGULATED GENE-1 OF BROILER CHICKENS AND ON DNA DURING HATCHING PERIOD Elif GÜLBAHÇE MUTLU, Emine ARSLAN, Yasemin ÖZNURLU, Haluk ÖZPARLAK ...... 143
EVALUATION OF WHEAT GENOTYPES FOR RESISTANCE TO ROOT AND CROWN ROT DISEASE CAUSAL ORGANISM Fusarium culmorum (W.G. Smith) Fatih ÖZDEMIR, Gül İMRIZ, Murat Nadi TAŞ, Birol ERCAN, İlker TOPAL, Mehmet Sait KARACA ...... 144
CURRENT SITUATION OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN TURKEY Ersin KARAKAYA, Semiha KIZILOĞLU ...... 145
THE CURRENT STRUCTURE OF WHEAT SUPPLY AND STAKEHOLDERS ACTIVITIES IN KONYA Abdullah Oktay DÜNDAR, Kenan PEKER, Mahmut TEKİN, Mehmet Akif ŞAHMAN...... 146
DETERMINATION OF ESSENTIAL GROWING-DEGREE-DAYS AMOUNT FOR VEGETATION PERIOD IN SOME DRY BEAN VARIETIES Ramazan KELEŞ, Hakan BAYRAK, Gül İMRİZ ...... 147
CLIMATE CHANGE THE PALESTINIAN CASE Alai D. Bitar ...... 148
THE DETERMINANTS OF MULTIDIMENSIONAL POVERTY USING LOGISTIC MODEL IN EGYPT Kamal Sultan Mohamed Salem, Rania Ahmed Mohamed Ahmed Khalid Shafik Ibrahim Alsehsah ...... 149
ASSESSMENT OF SHALLOW GROUNDWATER QUALITY OF GUERRARA REGION, ALGERIA Mohamed Abdelmalek Khemgani, Baelhadj Hamdi Aissa, Abdrasul Alomran , Boulifa Salima ...... 150
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IMPROVING YIELD AND QUALITY OF 'THOMPSON SEEDLESS' GRAPEVINE BY GIBBERELLIC ACID, CYTOFEX AND CALCIUM CHLORIDE PREHARVEST APPLICATIONS El-Abbasy U. K, Mohammed S. M, Fatma Ibrahim E. and Maha Abd El-Aziez H...... 151
STUDY OF THE CORRELATION BETWEEN DIET AND CLOTTING ACTIVITY OF DROMEDARY’S GASTRIC COAGULANT EXTRACTS Saliha Boudjenah-Haroun, Wafa Souid, Asma Balla, Isselnane Souad, Abderrahmane Mati ...... 152
ENVIRONMENTAL RISK PERCEPTIONS OF STUDENTS IN FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE IN TURKEY Seyit HAYRAN, Tuğce UGUR, Dilek Bostan BUDAK, Aykut GÜL ...... 153
WATER DEFENSE BEHAVIOR OF EGYPTIAN FARMERS Esam Mohamed El-Baaly, Ahmed Maher El-Gohary Mokhtar Mohamed Abd-Ellah ...... 154
PROBLEMS AND PROPOSALS FOR SOLUTIONS OF THE CARROT CULTIVATION FARMS IN TURKEY Sedat YOKUŞ1, D. Ali ÇARKACI1, Osman ÖLMEZ1, Metin TAN2, Nazan İLGÜNOĞLU2, Orhan KARA3, Zeyni AKTAŞ3, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ufuk KARADAVUT4, Prof. Dr. Cevat AYDIN5 ...... 155
THE OHMIC HEATING SYSTEM IN FOOD INDUSTRY Duygu BALPETEK KÜLCÜ, Ümit GÜRBÜZ ...... 156 THE INFLUENCE OF CIGARETTE SMOKING ON SERUM LIPID LEVELS AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES IN ELBASAN DISTRICT Mimosa Kuci, Tefta Rexha, Mirela Lika ...... 157 EFFECTS OF SOME FARM PRACTICES ON MILK PRODUCTION IN DAIRY FARMS OF SAMSUN PROVINCE OF TURKEY Savas ATASEVER, Huseyin ERDEM, Kursat DEMIRYUREK ...... 158 AGRICULTURAL USES OF FGD GYPSUM IN ÇUKUROVA REGION AS AN EXAMPLE OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENT APPLICATION Şeref HACIOĞULLARI, Fuat BUDAK, Zeynep ZAİMOĞLU ...... 159 RISK PERCEPTION AND MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES IN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION: A CASE OF ADANA PROVINCE OF TURKEY Seyit HAYRAN, Aykut GUL, Ahmet S. ELMALI, Oguzhan ARIKAN, Mustafa F. YILDIZ ...... 160 IMPROVING PHYTATE BOUND PHOSPHORUS BIOAVAILABILITY OF SORGHUM BY BROILERS USING PHYTASE ENZYME Sarzamin Khan, M Subhan Qureshi and Asad Sultan ...... 161 SOME INFLUENTIAL FACTORS ON EGYPTIAN FARMERS' KNOWLEDGE ABOUT BIO – FERTILIZERS Ahmed Maher El-Gohary, Esam Mohamed El-Baaly,Mokhtar Mohamed Abd-Ellah ...... 162
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THE INVESTIGATION OF SOME OF THE OPERATION PARAMETERS FOR REMOVAL OF COLOR FROM OLIVE MILL WASTEWATER BY ELECTRO- OXIDATION PROCESS Sinan KUL, Recep BONCUKCUOĞLU, Alper Erdem YILMAZ, Baybars Ali FİL and
Atila TAŞDEMİR ...... 163
EVALUATION OF CORRELATION BETWEEN MIXOGRAPH PARAMETERS AND SOME QUALITY TRAITS IN BREAD WHEAT Mehmet ŞAHİN, Aysun Göçmen AKÇACIK, Seydi AYDOĞAN, Sümerya HAMZAOĞLU, Enes YAKIŞIR ...... 164
EVALUATION OF ANTIHISTAMINIC AND ANTICHOLINERGIC ACTIVITIES OF EQUISETUM DEBILE ROXB. Shahrukh Ali, Muhammad Ovais Omer, Muhammad Ashraf, Allah Bukhsh, Mueen Ahmad Chaudhry, Hassan Mahmood Qureshi ...... 165
THE EFFECT OF STIRRING RATE, SUPPORT ELECTROLYTE TYPE AND TEMPERATURE ON COLOR REMOVAL FROM OLIVE MILL WASTEWATER Sinan KUL, Recep BONCUKCUOĞLU, Baybars Ali FIL, Alper Erdem YILMAZ, Atila TAŞDEMIR ...... 166
PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF TWO ARID SOILS IN ALGERIAN SAHARA Mokhtar Karabi, Baelhadj Hamdi Aissa ...... 167
DEVELOPMENT OF A PLUG-FLOW BIODIGESTER WITH A SEMI- AUTOMATED MIXING DEVICE FOR HOUSEHOLD USE Gbolabo A. Ogunwande ...... 168
FOLIAR APPLICATION OF POLYAMINES TO MANAGE WATER STRESS FOR IMPROVED GRAIN FILLING FORMATION AND YIELD IN RICE PLANT Berahim Zulkarami, Ismail Mohd Razi, Omar Mohd Husni, Mohd Saud Halimi, Mohd Monjurul Alam Monda, Hossain Kausar ...... 169
VALORIZATION OF TREATED EFFLUENTS IN WATERING Negais Hamza, Idder Tahar, Cheloufi Hamid ...... 170
EFFECT OF THE SUMMER ACCUMULATION OF TOXIC SALTS ON SALINIZATION OF BARED ARIDOSOLS (THE CASE ON OUARGLA BASIN/ALGERIAN SAHARA) Abdelhak Idder, Tahar Idder, Imed-Eddine Nezli, Aicha Serraye, Mohamed Abdelmalek Khemgani ...... 171
EFFECT OF STUBBLE GRAZING, TILLAGE AND NO-TILL SEEDER TYPE ON PEA/BARLEY FORAGE PRODUCTIVITY AND BOTANICAL COMPOSITION F. Djellakh, D. Sersoub, O. Zaghouane, H. Cicek, M. Rekik, S. Ates, H. Ben Salem, M. Louhaichi ...... 172
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EXPORTS OF FRESH FRUIT PRODUCTION IN TURKEY, PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED AND SUGGESTIONS FOR SOLUTION Ayhan GÜRBÜZER, İsmail Hakkı KALYONCU, Mithat DIREK ...... 173
DETERMINATION STUDIES ON SOME AGRICULTURAL TRAITS OF SOME DRY BEAN (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.) VARIETIES Ramazan KELEŞ, Hakan BAYRAK, Gül İMRİZ ...... 174
THE IMPORTANCE AND AGRICULTURAL USAGE OF WILD ROCKET (Diplotaxis tenuifolia (L.)DC) Ramazan Acar, Behiç Coşkun, M. Musa Özcan, Cahit Özcan, Abdullah Özköse, Nur Koç 175
MAINSTREAMING NIGERIAN YOUTHS INTO ECOLOGICAL FRIENDLY AGRICULTURE: IMPLICATIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENT IN ABIA STATE, NIGERIA Odoemelam L.E., Osahon E ...... 176
WEEDS CAN WORK AS BIO-HERBICIDES IN WHEAT CROP, A NEW APPROACH OF ECO-FRIENDLY WEED MANAGEMENT Imtiaz Khan ...... 177
IRRIGATION WATER USE CHARACTERISTICS OF FARMERS AND THEIR INTERACTION WITH IRRIGATION UNION IN BAFRA DISTRICT OF SAMSUN PROVINCE, TURKEY Esin HAZNECİ, Halil KIZILASLAN ...... 178
WHEAT SEED PRODUCTION RESPONSE TO PRICE VARIABILITY IN TR83 REGION Kerem HAZNECİ, Vedat CEYHAN ...... 179
EFFECT OF CURCUMA (Curcuma roxb xanthorrhiza) AS FEED ADDITIVE IN BROILER RATIONS ON QUAIL PERFORMANCE AND AS AN ANTIBODY TITRES AGAINST ND Tengku Eduard Azwar Sinar and Tuty Maria Wardiny ...... 180
EFFECT OF SUBSTITUTION NONI LEAF FLOUR (Morinda citrifolia) IN THE RATION ON PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY QUAIL EGGS Tuty Maria Wardiny and Tengku Eduard Azwar Sinar ...... 181
GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE EFFECTS ON ECOLOGY Sukru DURSUN, Fatma KUNT, Zeynep Cansu OZTURK, Blerina Vrenozi ...... 182
ESTIMATION OF FIELD CAPACITY AND PERMANENT WILTING POINT USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS Bilal CEMEK, Hakan ARSLAN, Mustafa GULER, Erdem KUCUKTOPCU ...... 183
SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY IN BROILER HOUSES HAVING DIFFERENT LITTER MATERIALS Bilal CEMEK, Erdem KUCUKTOPCU and Yusuf DEMİR ...... 184
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SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY IN BROILER HOUSES HAVING DIFFERENT LITTER MATERIALS Bilal CEMEK, Erdem KUCUKTOPCU and Yusuf DEMİR ...... 185
ESTIMATION OF AMMONIA EMISSIONS RELEASED FROM BROILER LITTER USING DIFFERENT ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK MODELS Bilal CEMEK, Erdem KUCUKTOPCU and Paul PANDA ...... 186
REPRODUCTIVE PARAMETERS OF BEETAL DOES IN ACCELERATED AND ANNUAL KIDDING SYSTEMS Nisar Ahmad, Khalid Javed, Muhammad Abdullah Afzal Ali, Abou Saeed Hashmi, Muhammad Ovais Omer, Tanver Hussain ...... 187
ADOPTION AND DIFFUSION OF SILAGE MAKING FROM GRASS IN INTERIOR COAST AREAS OF RİZE Çağatay YILDIRIM, Hatice TÜRKTEN, İsmet BOZ ...... 188
EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT of SALT STRESS and EVAPOTRANSPIRATION on LEEK (Allium Porrum L.) GROWTH AND YIELD PARAMETERS WITH 3D MODELS Mehmet Sait KIREMIT, Hakan ARSLAN, Bilal CEMEK...... 189
THE EFFECT OF TWO FEEDING REGIMENS (PROGRAMS) UPON BROILER GROWTH PERFORMANCE, CARCASS TRAITS AND ECONOMIC INDICATORS Mohammed I.A. Al-Neemi, Mohammed S.B. Al-Hlawee, Ilham N. Ezaddin, Hesham J.Mosa, Abbas F. Abdulkadir, Alan I. Khalil ...... 190
THE EFFECT OF USING LEVELS OF RED TIGER SHRIMP MEAL IN STARTER BROILER DIET UPON GROWTH PERFORMANCE Mohammed I.A. Al-Neemi, Mohammed S.B. Al-Hlawee, Ilham N. Ezaddin, Soz A. Faris, Omer E. Fakhry, Heemen S. Mageed ...... 191
ACUTE TOXICITY OF ANTIBIOTICS BY LEPIDIUM SATIVUM, DAPHNIA MAGNA AND VIBRIO FISCHERI TOXICITY METHODS Süheyla TONGUR, Rıfat YILDIRIM ...... 192
LAND MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON CASSAVA PRODUCTION IN AKINYELE LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, OYO STATE NIGERIA I.O.Oyewo, S.O.Adepoju, M.O.Ojo, E.O.Oyewo, G.O Atanda ...... 193
A COMPUTER CONTROLLED IRRIGATION OF POTTED CHRYSANTHEMUM GROWN AT OUTDOOR CONDITIONS Halil KIRNAK ...... 194
USE OF CLUSTER ANALYSIS TO EVALUATE THE SURFACE SEDIMENT QUALITY: A CASE STUDY OF A LARGE BORATE RESERVE LAND IN TURKEY Cem TOKATLI, Arzu ÇİÇEK, Esengül KÖSE ...... 195
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EFFECT OF SALT STRESS ON ANTIOXIDANT ENZYME ACTIVITY OF FUJI APPLE GRAFTED ON TWO CLONAL ROOTSTOCKS Hakan KELES, Servet ARAS and Ahmet EŞİTKEN ...... 196
AGRO ECOSYSTEMS IN THE BASIN OF OUARGLA (ALGERIA): DEVELOPING A TYPOLOGY AND ANALYSIS OF OPERATION Benbessisse Yamina, Bouaamar Boualem ...... 197
THE OPTIMIZATION OF CULTURE CONDITIONS OF A STRAIN PRODUCING BACTERIOCINS ISOLATED FROM CAMEL MILK Siboukeur O., Siboukeur A. and Saouli S...... 198
MANAGEMENT OF ALTERNATE BEARING DILEMMA IN PECAN THROUGH FOLIAR ETHEPHON THINNING IN NEW MEXICO, USA Shad Khan Khalil, John Mexal, Abdur Rehman, Said Wahab, Amanullah, I.H. Khalil , Zahid Hussain,Amir Zaman Khan ...... 199
PRODUCTION EFFICIENCY OF FISH FARMING IN IBADAN IBARAPA ZONE OF OYO STATE, NIGERIA Sanusi W.A,Ige, Deborah Abosede ...... 200
PREDICTING NITROGEN REQUIREMENTS TO AUGMENT GRAIN PROTEIN IN SPRING WHEAT MAY IMPROVE NITROGEN EFFICIENCY Joel Ransom, Grant Mehring, Matthew Chaput ...... 201
TURKISH FARMERS’ PERCEPTION AND EXPECTATIONS ON FUTURE OF ROSE OIL MARKETS Tufan BAL-Bahar DURKUT ...... 202
CONTRIBUTION OF THE LOCAL TO THE GLOBAL: AN ECOCRITICAL APPROACH TO THE PRESENT ENVIRONMENTAL CRISIS Barış METE ...... 203
BIODETECTION OF ALGERIAN POLLUTED SOILS BY HYDROCARBONS USING TELLURIC HYDROCARONOCLASTS BACTERIA Amel Bouderhem, Aminata Ould El Hadj Khelil, Mohammed Amine Gacem, Aroussi Aroussi ...... 204
ETHNOBOTANICAL SURVEY OF SOME SPONTANEOUS MEDICINAL PLANTS USED IN THE TRADITIONAL MEDICINE OF OUARGLA Aminata Ould El Hadj-Khelil, Soumia Hadjadj, Zahia Bayoussef ...... 205
STUDY OF THE BIOMETRY IN DROMEDARY: CASE OF THE SAHARAWI POPULATION Adamou Abdelkader, Babelhadj Baaissa, et Benaissa Atika ...... 206
THE EFFECTS OF Fe-EDDHA APPLICATION ON THE YIELD AND SOME QUALITY PARAMETERS OF FRESH GRAPES (Vitis Vinifera L.) PRODUCTION Şenay AYDIN, Bülent YAĞMUR, E. Dilşat YEĞENOĞLU, Halis ŞİMŞEK ...... 207
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TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY OF RICE PRODUCTION IN THE NORTHERN AND ASHANTI REGIONS OF GHANA Sheila Agyemang, Dr. Yaw Asante, Dr. Edward Ebo Onumah ...... 208
ORCHESTRATING WEB SERVICES TO MONITOR ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS DYNAMICALLY WITHIN KONYA BASIN GEOPORTAL Fatih SARI, Ekrem TUŞAT ...... 209
ASSESSMENT OF PESTICIDE POLLUTION IN SOIL AND PLANTS FROM CROPLAND IN KONYA M.E. AYDİN, S. AYDİN, F. BEDUK, A. TEKİNAY, M. KOLB, M. BAHADİR ...... 210
THE IMPACT OF INTEGRATION WITH THE EUROPEAN UNION ON POLISH MEAT INDUSTRY Robert Mroczek Ph.D, Miroslawa Tereszczuk MSC ...... 211
USING FOLK LITERATURE FOR INCREASING ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS Defne ERDEM METE ...... 212
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LABORATORY ASSESSMENTS OF THE SEED QUALITY AND THE FIELD EMERGENCE OF OILSEED RAPE (BRASSICA NAPUS) SEED LOTS Reza Heidari pour, Abdoljalil Yanegh, Mohammad Khajeh-Hosseini, Ali Noroozian ...... 213
DETERMINATION OF SAND MOVEMENT OF COASTAL DUNES IN SAMSUN – BAFRA Serkan İÇ, Ayşe EREL ...... 214
EFFECT OF DAIRY CATTLE BREEDERS’ ASSOCIATION (DCBA) MEMBERSHIP ON SUSTAINABILITY OF INNOVATIONS IN SAMSUN PROVINCE OF TURKEY K. DEMIRYÜREK, N.İ. ABACI, S, ABACI, S. ATASEVER, H. ERDEM ...... 215
NEW RECORDS of SUBGENUS PARADIACHALCOIDEA DACCORDI, 1978 and CHRYSOLINA DOHRNII (FAIRMAIRE, 1865) for TURKEY (CHRYSOMELIDAE: CHRYSOMELINAE: CHRYSOLINA) Hüseyin ÖZDİKMEN, Didem Coral ŞAHİN, Cemil YETKİN ...... 216
MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF PURPLE CARROT ORIGINATED FROM CENTRAL ANATOLIA Hilmiye ERİŞDİ, Önder TÜRKMEN, Erdoğan Eşref HAKKI, Fatma AKIN ...... 217
THE EFFECTS OF AGROBIODIVERSITY ON SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE Ahmet DIREK ...... 218
OCCURRENCE AND ECOTOXICOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT OF ANALGESICS IN WASTEWATER Mehmet Emin AYDIN, Senar AYDIN, Havva KILIÇ, Arzu TEKINAY ...... 219
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BETA BLOCKERS IN THE URBAN WASTEWATER: DETERMINATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ASSESSMENT Senar AYDIN, Mehmet Emin AYDIN, Arzu TEKİNAY, Havva KILIÇ ...... 220
ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COHESION OF THE REGIONS IN POLAND Marcin Gospodarowicz, Danuta Kołodziejczyk ...... 221
DETERMINATION OF SOME CHARACTERISTICS YIELD COMPONENTS OF CHICKPEA VARIETIES IN KONYA ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS Hakan BAYRAK, Ramazan KELEŞ ...... 222
THE SOIL FACTORS WHICH EFFECT ON ROOT GROWTH IN FORAGE PLANTS Nur KOÇ, Ramazan ACAR ...... 223
COMBINED ANAEROBIC-ADSORPTION PROCESS FOR TREATMENT OF REAL TEXTILE WASTEWATER: COD AND COLOR REMOVAL Serdar GOCER, Ramazan KIZILIRMAK, Yıldız BABATEKİN, Sebnem OZDEMIR, Dilek AKMAN, Kevser CIRIK ...... 224
TREATMENT OF REAL TEXTILE WASTEWATER USING ADSORPTION AS POST-TREATMENT FOLLOWED BY ANAEROBIC BIODEGRADATION Safiye KERTEL, Merve GUNES, Dilek AKMAN, Sebnem OZDEMIR, Kevser CIRIK ... 225
İNOVATİF SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİRLİK AÇISINDAN ZEYTİN İŞLETMELERİNDE VERİMLİLİĞİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ (İZMİR VE MANİSA ÖRNEĞİ) Fatma ÖZTÜRK, Mine YALÇIN ...... 226
THE POSSIBLE USAGE OF EPIPHYTIC BACTERIA AND YEASTS ON BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF FIRE BLIGHT DISEASE Benian Pınar AKTEPE, Yeşim AYSAN ...... 227
THE FACTORS DETERMINATE DEVELOPING EGYPTIAN AGRICULTURAL SECTOR Amin Abd El-Raouf Eldokla, Wael Ahmed Ezzat El-Abd ...... 228
ESTIMATION OF ALUMINUM IN CONFECTIONERY WITH REFERENCE TO THEIR RISK ASSESSMENT Nabila M. Abed EL–Aliem ...... 229
SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT OF LIVESTOCK DAIRY HUB TRAININGS ON LIVELIHOOD OF FARMERS Aisha Anjum, Maqsood Ahmad, Muhammad Kashif Shahzad Sarwar ...... 230
MATERNAL PHYLOGENETICS OF SOME ANATOLIAN CATTLE BREEDS Doğan M, NİZAMLİOĞLU M., ÖZŞENSOY Y, KURAR E., BULUT Z., ALTUNOK V., IŞİK A., ÇAMLİDAĞ A...... 231
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LIVESTOCK WASTE-BASED BIOGAS ENERGY POTENTIAL OF TOKAT PROVINCE AND POSSIBLE IMPLEMENTATIONS Sedat KARAMAN, Harun AVAN, Zeki GÖKALP ...... 232
SOME LOCAL ENDEMICS GROWING SERPENTINE SOILS IN KIZILDAĞ (ISPARTA) Coşkun SAĞLAM ...... 233
EFFECTS OF NITRIC OXIDE APPLICATION ON GROWTH RESPONSES OF BARLEY GENOTYPES UPON TOXIC LEVEL BORON TREATMENT Sunduz ONBASI, Mehmet HAMURCU, Sait GEZGIN and Erdogan Esref HAKKI...... 234
YIELD AND PRICE RISK OF COMMONLY GROWN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS IN ADANA PROVINCE OF TURKEY Seyit HAYRAN, Tugce UGUR, Aykut GUL, Dilek Bostan BUDAK ...... 235
UTILIZATION OF CRYOPRESERVED RUMINAL FLUID IN VITRO GAS PRODUCTION TECHNIQUE FOR EVALUATING IN VITRO AND IN VIVO ENERGY AND DIGESTIBILITY VALUES OF FEEDSTUFFS Nurettin GULSEN, Huzur Derya UMUCALILAR, Armagan HAYIRLI, Mustafa Selcuk ALATAS ...... 236
DAIRY CATTLE BEHAVIOUR IN DIFFERENT HOUSING SYSTEMS Elif ŞAHİN, Nuh UĞURLU ...... 237
EVALUATING THE PROPERTIES OF BENEFICIARIES AS PART OF IPARD PROGRAMME: A CASE STUDY IN KONYA Şenol ÖZDEMİR ...... 238
DETERMINATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECT OF DIFFERENT ESSENTIAL OILS ON TOMATO BACTERIAL PATHOGENS Feray KARABUYUK, Yesim AYSAN ...... 239
THE POLISH TRADE IN HORTICULTURAL PRODUCTS WITH TURKEY Anna Bugała ...... 240
ECOLOGICAL AGRICULTURE IN POLAND Bożena Nosecka, Łukasz Zaremba ...... 241
CROWN GALL DISEASE REACTIONS OF STONE AND POME FRUIT ROOTSTOCKS Sumer HORUZ, Behcet Kemal Caglar, Mustafa Kusek Yesim Aysan ...... 242
WHEAT - A DIETARY SOURCE OR A DISEASE SOURCE? Anamika Pandey, Mohd Kamran Khan, Mahinur S. Akkaya, Erdogan E. Hakki ...... 243
CROSSTALK BETWEEN PLANT-BASED DIET ORIGINATED EXOGENOUS miRNAs AND HUMAN METABOLISM Hasan CAN, Fatma AKIN, Erdoğan Eşref HAKKI ...... 244
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PROMOTING ENTREPRENEURSHIP FOR RURAL TOURISM IN TURKEY Gamze ASLAN, Tufan BAL ...... 245
ASSESMENT OF SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF PRECIPITATION WITH DIFFERENT INTERPOLATION METHODS FOR YEŞILIRMAK CATCHMENT Demet YILDIRIM, Hakan ARSLAN, Bilal CEMEK ...... 246
RESILIENCE AND GOVERNANCE IN SMALL RUMINANT SECTOR IN ISPARTA F. Handan GIRAY, Tufan BAL, Serkan BOYAR ...... 247
APPLICATION OF GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM DATA COLLECTION AND ARCHIVING CROPS AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES (CASE STUDY REGIONAL FARMERS YOGYAKARTA) Nurul Pratiwiningrum, Irma Novikawati, Iim Choirun Nisak ...... 248
VALUE CHAINS AND THE FACTORS WHICH DETERMINE CONSUMER BUYING ORGANIC AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS (CASE STUDY: ORGANIC MARKET JOGJA) Nurul Pratiwiningrum, Irma Novikawati, Iim Choirun Nisak ...... 249
AGRICULTURAL WATER USE IN TURKEY AND WATER FOOTPRINT Belgin ÇAKMAK, Zeki GÖKALP ...... 250
CURRENT SITUATION OF TURKISH DAIRY INDUSTRY AND FEED EFFICIENCY OF PROFESSIONAL DAIRY FARMS Halil İbrahim TOSUN, Vedat CEYHAN ...... 251
PHYTOREMEDIATION: ALTERNATIVE APPROACH TO CLEAN UP THE ENVIRONMENT Emine ATALAY ...... 252
INVESTIGATION OF GENES ASSOCIATED WITH OVULATION RATE IN TURKISH AWASSI SHEEP Ahmed Raisan, M. Ali Mohammed Ali, Ferit Can Yazdıç, Emin Özköse ...... 253
THE LEVEL OF PSP BIOTOXINS IN THE LAGOON OF ORIKUM IN ALBANIA Romina Libohova, Rigerta Sadikaj, Klementına Puto, Dritan Arapi, Edlira Baraj ...... 254
HAPLOIDY TECHNIQUE AND ITS USAGE IN PLANT BREEDING Münüre Tanur ERKOYUNCU, Mustafa YORGANCILAR ...... 255
NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN FRUIT/GRAPEVINE CERTIFICATION IN TURKEY Burak ASLANSOY, Servet ARAS ...... 256
SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE AND THE ROLE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY IN THE FUTURE Fatih DEMİREL, Serap DEMİREL ...... 257
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DETERMINATION OF SALT (NaCl) TOLERANCE LEVELS OF SOME LOCAL MELON GENOTYPES Bahar Banu BATI, Mustafa PAKSOY ...... 258
THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT SALINITY LEVELS IRRIGATION WATER TO GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND YIELD PARAMETERS ON MINT (Mentha piperita L.) PLANT Selda EREN, Kadir Ersin TEMİZEL ...... 259
PRNP EXON 3 POLYMORPHISMS OF THE ANATOLIAN, MURRAH AND CROSSBRED WATER BUFFALOES Yalçın YAMAN, Orhan KARADAĞ, Cemal ÜN ...... 260
ROAD NETWORK ANALYSES IN LAND CONSOLIDATION PROJECTS BY GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS) Fatih ISCAN and Ceren YAGCİ ...... 261
TARIMIN TÜRKİYE EKONOMİSİNDE YERİ Selda ARSLAN ...... 262
UTILIZATION OF SOLVENT RETENTION CAPACITY TEST FOR EVALUATION OF HARD RED SPRING WHEAT QUALITY Bahri OZSİSLİ, Amber LİNDGREN and Senay SİMSEK ...... 263
DETERMINATION OF Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. melonis (RACE 1) TOLERANCE LEVELS OF SOME LOCAL MELON GENOTYPES Bahar Banu BATI, Mustafa PAKSOY, Önder TÜRKMEN ...... 264
PREDICTION OF WASTEWATER ORIGINATED BIODEGRADABLE DISSOLVED ORGANIC NITROGEN USING MULTILAYER PERCEPTRON AND ADAPTIVE NEURO-FUZZY INFERENCE SYSTEMS Bilal CEMEK, Eakalak KHAN, Mithat DİREK, Halis SİMSEK ...... 265
ANIMAL DEATH AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (HAYVAN ÖLÜMLERİ VE ÇEVRE KİRLİLİĞİ) M. Kemal ÇIFTÇI, Funda TERZI, Mustafa ORTATATLI, Fatih HATIPOĞLU, Özgür ÖZDEMIR ...... 266
EMPLOYING IMAGE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES TO EVALUATE CORN CROP STAND COUNTING USING UAV REMOTE SENSING IMAGERY Mohammadmehdi Maharlooei, Alimohammad Shirzadifar, Saravanan Sivarajan, Sreekala G. Bajwa, John Nowatzki ...... 267
LOW-COST ENVIRONMENT-FRIENDLY WASTEWATER TREATMENT SYSTEMS IN TURKEY (CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS) Zeki GÖKALP, Belgin ÇAKMAK ...... 268
STANDARDIZATION OF SEED COATING POLYMER FOR MAIZE Vishwanath S. Medar, Patil, S. B., Shakuntala, N. M., Sangeetha, I. M., And Kuchanur, P. H...... 269
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GRAPHENE OXIDE FUNCTIONALIZED WITH (3-AMINOPROPYL) TRİETHOXYSILANE-IRON OXIDE NANOPARTICLES COMPOSITE AS A NEW ELECTROCHEMICAL SENSING PLATFORM Salih ZEKİ , Mustafa OZMEN, Esra MALTAS, Ayse CİVİT, Mehmet Kursat ISİK ...... 270
STUDIES ON OVICIDAL EFFECTS OF SOME PLANT EXTRACTS AGAINST THE Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (COL.: BRUCHIDAE) Murat Nadi TAŞ, Meryem UYSAL, Hüseyin ÇETİN ...... 271
ALTERNATIVE TREATMENT METHODS IN ORGANIC ANIMAL PRODUCTION M.Kürşat IŞIK, Sabiha ÜNAL ...... 272
APPLICATION OF GASEOUS OZONE AGAINST PAENIBACILLUS LARVAE SPORES ON HIVE MATERIALS Emrah TORLAK, Mehmet Kürşat IŞIK ...... 273
ORGANIC AGRICULTURE AND GLOBAL WARMING Sabiha ÜNAL, M. Kürşat IŞIK ...... 274
THE KNOWLEDGE LEVEL OF THE RURAL POPULATION ABOUT THE ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES: ERZURUM CITY, CENTRE DISTRICTS CASE (YAKUTIYE, PALANDÖKEN AND AZIZIYE) Züleyha BİNGÜL, Tuğba EREM KAYA ...... 275
URBAN SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN MUNICIPALITIES: THE CASE OF ERZURUM METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY Züleyha BİNGÜL, Fatma Ekmekyapar TORUN ...... 276
EVALUATION OF MICROBIAL CONTAMINATION IN LAGOON OF ORIKUM IN ALBANIA Romina Libohova, Klementina Puto, Rigerta Sadikaj, Dritan Arapi, Edlira Baraj, Entela Azemaj ...... 277
DETERMINANTS OF EGYPT’S FOREIGN TRADE WITH ARAB COUNTRIES USING THE GRAVITY MODEL Ahmed M.A. Mohamed, Abd El-Baky M. El-Shaieb ...... 278
REMOVAL OF CR(VI) BY ECO-FRİENDLY ADSORBENT FROM THE WASTE HORNS Eyüp DEMİR, Zeliha ÇINAR, Şerife PARLAYICI, Erol PEHLİVAN ...... 279
AN ANALYTICAL STUDY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF CONSUMERS’ EXPENDITURE AND CONSUMPTION OF ANIMAL PRODUCTS IN EGYPT (CHALLENGES-OPPORTUNITIES) Sobhy Ahmed Abou El-Naga ...... 280
ASSESMENT OF KONYA GREENHOUSE PROJECTION Bünyamin DEMİR, Selda ÖRS ...... 281
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THE TRIANGLE OF MEDIA-FOOD-HEALTH Celile Özçiçek DÖLEKOĞLU, F. Handan GIRAY, Ayşe ŞAHIN ...... 282
FACTORS AFFECTING EGYPT’S POTATOES EXPORTS IN THE GLOBAL MARKET Rania A.M. Ahmed, Hussein Sarhan ...... 283
L’AGRICULTURE MAROCAINE A L’EPREUVE DES EXIGENCES DU DEVELOPPEMENT DURABLE Hamid Slimani ...... 284
AGRICULTURAL BIODIVERSITY: A CHALLENGE FOR THE FUTURE OF HUMAN WELL-BEING Ahmet DİREK, Esra KAVCI, Fatma AKIN, Hasan CAN, Sündüz ONBAŞI, Saliha MUTAF, Erdoğan Eşref HAKKI ...... 285
IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT IN A GREENHOUSE BY AN AUTOMATED IRRIGATION SYSTEM SENSING WATER LEVEL FROM A MINI-PAN Murat YILDIRIM ...... 286
INCREASING FARMERS INCOME OF RURAL TOURISM OPPORTUNITIES IN KONYA, TURKEY Mithat DIREK, Arzu KAN ...... 287
THE REFLECTIONS OF EGYPT’S AGRICULTURAL AND ECONOMIC POLICIES ON PRODUCTION AND FEDDAN COSTS OF WHEAT CROP Ahmed M.A. Mohamed, Abdel Baky M. Elshayeb, Sahar A.M. Abd Elwahab ...... 288
EFFECT OF NITROGEN APPLICATION AND AMOUNT OF WATER ON YIELD OF INTERCROPPED MAIZE -MUNG BEAN AND WATER PRODUCTIVITY Alaa Salih Ati, Nooruldeen S. Ali, Taraq K. Masood ...... 289
EFFECT OF PROBIOTIC AND UREA ON NUTRITIVE VALUE OF MALVA AND BARLEY SILAGE A.A. Hassan, W.H. Alsamari ...... 290
GENERAL EVALUATION of AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION for ACHIEVING SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE in KONYA PLAIN PROJECT (KOP) REGION, TURKEY Mustafa KAN, Murat KÜÇÜKÇONGAR, Cennet OĞUZ, Bülent GÜLÇUBUK, Süleyman SOYLU, Arzu KAN, Özdal KÖKSAL, Fatih ÖZDEMİR, Naim DEMİRTAŞ, Oktay OKUR, Mevlüt VANOĞLU, ...... 291
THE IMPORTANCE OF EDIBLE LANDSCAPE IN THE CITIES Filiz ÇELİK ...... 292
DETERMINATION OF SOME CHARACTERISTICS RELATED TO YIELD COMPONENTS OF ADVANCED BREDDING CHICKPEA LINES AND VARIETIES IN KONYA ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS Hakan BAYRAK, Ramazan KELEŞ, Gül İMRİZ ...... 293
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ANTİKOKSİDİYAL VE PROBİYOTİK KULLANIMININ ETLİK PİLİÇ RASYONLARINA ETKİLERİ Mustafa ULUDAĞ, Mehmet Kürşat IŞIK, Behiç COŞKUN, Nihayet Fadime YALÇIN .... 294
STUDY EFFECT OF MYCORRHIZA FUNGI AND DROUGHT ON PLANT NUTRIENT UPTAKE BY GREEN BEAN Shahram. Ashraf, Leila Jalali, Mehdi Moniri ...... 295
EFFECT OF NAA ON LEMON BALM (Melissa Officinalis L.) ROOTING Amir Rahimi, Hashem Hadi, Arezoo Hasanzadeh and Levent Yazıcı ...... 296
REMOVAL OF BASIC YELLOW 28 USING CHAR FROM WASTE POLYETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATES (PET) BY ADSORPTION MECHANISM Muhammed Kamil ODEN, Sezen KUCUKCONGAR, İlkay OZAYTEKIN, Zehra GOK .. 297
A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON ROLE OF PROLINE, GLYCINE BETAINE AND COMPOST FERTILIZER IN IMPROVING DROUGHT STRESS RESISTANCE OF SOYBEAN A. EL SABAGH, S. SOROUR, A. UEDA, H.SANEOKA and C. BARUTÇULAR ...... 298
SOME OF NUTRITIVE VALUE OF CANOLA (Brassica Napus L.) AS AFFECTED BY ORGANIC AND INORGANIC FERTILIZER A. EL SABAGH, A. OMAR, H.SANEOKA and C. BARUTÇULAR ...... 299
CHILDREN EDUCATION and RURAL DEVELOPMENT in EGYPT Enas E. Sadek ...... 300
EVALUATION OF POLY (ETHYLENE TEREPHTALATE) WASTE CHAR IN EPOXY BASED COMPOSITES Alize YUCEL, Merve SOGANCIOGLU, Esra YEL and Gulnare AHMETLI ...... 301
EQUILIBRIUM AND KINETIC STUDIES ON LEVULINIC ACID ADSORPTION ONTO SUGAR PROCESSING FLY ASH Hani ZEIDAN, Damla ÖZDEMIR, Mustafa E. MARTI ...... 302
REACTIVE EXTRACTION OF FORMIC ACID USING ALAMINE 336 IN SUNFLOWER OIL Nezahat KÖSE, Mustafa E. MARTI ...... 303
REMOVAL OF TEXTILE DYES FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS USING AN INDUSTRIAL BASED LOW COST ADSORBENT Khalid Ali, Hani Zeidan, Mustafa E. MARTI ...... 304
DETERMINATION OF EVAPOTRANSPIRATION WITH DETERMINISTIC MODELS FOR SAMSUN Aslıhan ATIŞ, Bilal CEMEK, Mehmet TAŞAN, Sevda SAFİ ...... 305
THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPING TRAITS OF DAĞLIÇ VE HASMER X DAĞLIÇ (F1) IN KONYA PROVINCE OF TURKEY Tülay CANATAN, Mustafa KAN, Kürşat AKBULUT ...... 306
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THE IMPACT OF CHANGING THE POLITICAL CONDITIONS ON THE EGYPTIAN CONSUMER PATTERN Nashwa El-Tatawy and Lamice ElBahnassy ...... 307
SUSTAINABLE INTENSIFICATION OF SESAME FARMING SYSTEMS BY NOVEL INDUCED MUTANTS M.Ilhan CAGIRGAN, M.Onur OZBAS, R.Soner SILME ...... 308
DETERMINATION OF SEED AND OIL YIELD OF SOME SUNFLOWER CULTIVARS Özden ÖZTÜRK, Himmet ÖZCAN ...... 309
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON SENSORY AND BIOCHEMICAL ATTRIBUTES OF CARROT (DAUCUS CAROTA L.) Tanveer Ahmad, Muhammad Amjad, Qumer Iqbal, Aamir Nawaz, Javed Iqbal and Muhammad Awais Ghani ...... 310
ASSESSMENT OF WATER QUALITY OF GUNEYKAYA POND (YILDIZELI - SIVAS) Ekrem MUTLU, Telat YANIK, Nicoleta Anca SUTAN ...... 311
FIRE BLIGHT DISEASE MANAGEMENT IN ORGANIC APPLE AND PEAR BREEDING Kubilay Kurtulus BASTAS ...... 312
EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE, POPULATION DENSITY AND SEXUAL INDEX TO CALLOSOBRUCHUS MACULATUS (F.) (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE) Hüseyin ÇETİN, Fatma Nur ELMA ...... 313
USING OF MOLECULAR MARKERS IN RESISTANCE TO PLANT DISEASES Keziban BUYUKDEVECI, Kubilay Kurtulus BASTAS ...... 314
ROLE OF ENZYMES RELATED WITH PLANT RESISTANCE AGAINST BACTERIAL PATHOGENS Badel UYSAL, Kubilay Kurtulus BASTAS ...... 315
SUSTAINABLE USE OF WHEAT GENETIC RESOURCES TO INCREASE CROP PRODUCTIVITY AND STABILITY Alexey MORGUNOV ...... 316
COMMUNITY AWARENESS AND ADAPTATION STRATEGY TO THE EFFECT OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN YOBE STATE, NIGERIA. Galadima, M and Nandi, J.A...... 317
PHYSICO-CHEMICAL ASSESSMENT OF WATER QUALITY OF BROOK MAZMANLI (HASSA-HATAY) Ekrem MUTLU, A. Yalçın TEPE, Tuğba DEMİR, Telat YANIK ...... 318
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EXAMINED OF LOCALLY PERIODIC MARKET OF MARKETING PROBLEMS: A CASE STUDY IN KONYA-MERAM DISTRICT Ebru KAYA, Mithat DİREK ...... 319
YOUTH, STRUGGLE, AND HISTORICAL CONTEXT OF AGROECOLOGY Bamba Mbaye ...... 320
IMPROVING INTEGRATED CONTROL STRATEGIES FOR PESTS AND DISEASES FOR SUSTAINABLE SUGAR BEET PRODUCTION Rıza KAYA, Şeref GÜRKAN ...... 321
MYCOFLORA ON MAIZE COBS INFECTED BY Ustilago maydis (DC) Corda Mehmet AYDOĞDU, Nuh BOYRAZ, Salih MADEN ...... 322
SOME TECHNOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PLANT CAMELINA STEM Mustafa Nevzat ÖRNEK, Ali Yavuz ŞEFLEK, Nurettin KAYAHAN, Mustafa ACAROĞLU, Haydar HACISEFEROĞULLARI ...... 323
THE IMPORTANCE OF SHEEP BREEDING IN REDUCING THE DEPENDENCE ON CATTLE IN RED MEAT PRODUCTION İbrahim AYTEKİN, Saim BOZTEPE, Arzu KAN ...... 324
SOCIAL VALUES OF URBAN PARKS: A CASE STUDY IN KONYA CITY, TURKEY Nurgül ARISOY ...... 325
MIXTURE PERFORMANCE OF THE BARLEY GENOTYPES AT WEST MEDITERRANEAN REGION OF TURKEY Mehmet TEKİN, M. İlhan ÇAĞIRGAN ...... 326
INDUCED MUTAGENESIS IN A F1 GENETIC BACKGROUND OF PEPPER TO SELECT MUTANTS SUITABLE FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE Alper ADAK, M. İlhan ÇAĞIRGAN ...... 347
DEVELOPMENTS OF CITRUS FOREIGN TRADE IN TURKEY Hasan ARISOY, Gülcan ERAKTAN ...... 328
INSECTICIDAL EFFECT OF IN VITRO REGENERATED CERATOPHYLLUM DEMERSUM L. AGAINST SITOPHILUS ZEAMAIS MOTSCHULSKY (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE) Bugrahan EMSEN, Muhammet DOGAN, Muhammad AASIM, Erol YILDIRIM ...... 329
TOXICITY EFFECT OF CERATOPHYLLUM DEMERSUM L. PROPAGATED BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES ON GRANARY WEEVIL* Muhammet DOGAN, Bugrahan EMSEN, Erol YILDIRIM, Muhammad AASIM ...... 330
AXILLARY SHOOT REGENERATION FROM SHOOT TIP AND DIFFERENT NODAL SEGMENTS OF AQUATIC LYSIMACHIA NUMMULARIA L.* Mehmet KARATAŞ, Muhammet DOĞAN, Muhammad AASİM ...... 331
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EFFICIENT IN VITRO REGENERATION OF MEDICINAL AQUATIC PLANT CERATOPHYLLUM DEMERSUM L. Mehmet KARATAŞ, Muhammet DOGAN, Muhammad AASIM ...... 332
ALLELOPATHY OF SUNFLOWER (HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L.) STEM EXTRACT ON PHYSIOLOGY OF WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) Javed Kamal ...... 333
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PRECISION AGRICULTURE AT NDSU - MEETING LOCAL NEEDS AND CONTRIBUTING TO GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY Sreekala Bajwa
Department of Agricultural & Biosystems Engineering
North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108
Corresponding author’s e-mail:
ABSTRACT Precision agriculture has the ability to contribute significantly to meeting the demand for an abundant and sustainable supply of nutritious food for a fast growing population. Precision agriculture offers technologies and knowledge to increase efficiency of food production (increasing crop yield with same inputs or reduced inputs), protecting and conserving resources, reducing chemical use and thereby GHG emissions, mitigating and adapting to climate change. In North Dakota and US at large, the focus of precision agriculture technologies have been to understand your farms well, increase production efficiency through knowledge-based farm management, improve the economics of food production, and to improve the ease of farming. Precision agricultural research at NDSU addresses these needs through a number of research projects focused on (1) unmanned aerial systems (UAS) applications in crop and livestock, (2) in-field active optical sensors for site-specific nutrient application, (3) soil compaction and its interaction with weather cycles and crop performance, (4) digital imaging techniques for crop health monitoring, (5) shelterbelt impact on spatial yield and crop performance, and (6) crop residue impact on soil condition and planting. These research projects are implemented in collaboration with producers, state government, consultants, extension agents, agricultural industries and other stakeholder groups based on the needs and interest of these groups. Such collaborations are also key to successful adaptation of these technology by the end users.
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SCREENING NEW CROPS FOR ADAPTATION PROMOTES AGRICULTURAL SUSTAINABILITY
B.L. Johnson, M.T. Berti, S. Dash, P.K. Gilbertson, K. Sahu, P.J. Petersen
Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA Corresponding author’s e-mail : [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Diversified cropping systems promote sustainability from many perspectives, including enhancement of soil properties, improved cultural management for fertility and pests, greater market opportunities, and more favorable on-farm profits and seasonal workload distribution. However, modern Midwest U.S. agriculture has tended to move to less diverse cropping systems with large production regions associated with primarily corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.), with perhaps small inclusions of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), a few specialty crops, and forages. Although diverse cropping systems exist in North Dakota, continued evaluation of new crops is necessary to meet increasing societal demands regarding food, feed, fiber, and bioenergy from agriculture. The objective of these studies is to evaluate new crops for adaptation potential in North Dakota and the surrounding region. The replicated studies were RCBDs and conducted at several locations and years. Treatments consisted of grain, oilseed, fiber, pulse, and pseudo-cereal crops. Traits evaluated were stand establishment, pest incidence, plant height, plant lodging, maturity, seed yield, biomass yield, harvest index, seed weight, and seed oil content and composition where applicable. Agronomic deficiencies included low seed vigor, late maturity, plant lodging, seed shattering, harvest-ability, and indeterminate growth limited grain and/or biomass yield. Adaptation groups based on crop yield performance were assigned as high, moderate, low, and non-adaptive and reflect crop productivity under the climatic growing conditions in the region. Crops showing 1. High adaptation were: adzuki (Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi & Ohashi), amaranth (Amaranthus spp.), camelina (Camelina sativa L.), crambe (Crambe abyssinica Hochst.), coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.), faba (Vicia faba L.), industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), white lupin (Lupinus albus L.), otebo bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.); 2. Moderate adaptation: field pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.),kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.), niger (Guizotia abyssinica Cass.), quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.), sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.), tef (Eragrostis tef Zucc. Trotter), tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolus A. Gray); 3. Low adaptation: borage (Borago officinalis L.), calendula (Calendula officinalis L.), cuphea (C. lanceolata (W.T. Aiton) and C. viscosissima (Jacq.), echium (Echium plantagineum L.), lima (Phaseolus lunatus L.), mung (Vigna radiata L.),peanut (Arachis hypogea L.), pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.),sesame (Sesamum indicum L.); and 4. Non-adapted: chan (Hyptis suaveolens L.), chia (Salvia hispanica L.) because of failure to flower. Low yield was often associated with crop flowering lateness and failure to reach maturity before killing fall freezing temperatures. Seed shattering often reduced yield especially for those crops (borage, cuphea) with limited plant breeding investment for reducing agronomic deficiencies. Commercialization of new crops requires they be reasonably economically competitive with traditionally grown crops for acceptance into growers cropping systems. Higher crop value can sometimes offset low yield performance and generate a competitive net return to the grower. Growers need to be provided with locally-based best management practices to achieve high grain/biomass yields on their farms, and also develop their own marketing practices to garner high profits. Profits maintain viability of the farm, and this, coupled with stewardship to the land and community, embrace sustainability for future generations to provide food, feed, fiber, and bioenergy for mankind.
Keywords: sustainability, new crops, food, feed, fiber, bioenergy
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NANOTECHNOLOGY FOR AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH
Dharmakeerthi Nawarathna
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
Corresponding author’s Email: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The nanotechnology is the science, engineering and technology conducted at the nano-scale. The latest developments in nanotechnology have led to advance many areas of human life such as health, energy and environment. In particular, in health, nano-technological tools have been providing deep understanding about diseases including cancer and heart diseases. This understanding has led to develop better diagnostics and treatment methods. In energy, nanotechnology has led to develop novel materials. These materials were used to convert one form of energy into another form with minimum energy loss. Nano-technological tools have been providing valuable information about air quality, water contamination and these capabilities are enabling livable environments. Despite all these developments in health, energy and environment, nano-technological influence in agriculture is marginal. Specifically, it has been predicted that nanotechnology can potentially advance agricultural research. Most of the nano-technological techniques developed for other areas can be directly translated on to agricultural research. In this talk, I will first briefly discuss the advancements made in the other areas and discuss ways of translating those techniques to agricultural research.
Keywords: Nanotechnology, agricultural research, tools and techniques
38 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
VALUE ADDED SUSTAINABLE DISPOSITION OF CORN DRIED DISTILLERS GRAINS WITH SOLUBLES
Dilpreet S Bajwa and David J Sundquist
North Dakota State University, Fargo ND and Boeing Research and Technology, St. Louis, MO USA
Corresponding author’s Email: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
In recent years, corn has been widely used to produce ethanol. Roughly for every bushel (25.4 kg) of corn processed, 8.16 kg of Dried Distillers Grains with Solubles (DDGS) and 11 liters of ethanol are produced. The amount of DDGS produced is steadily increasing since 1990 with 35 million metric tons produced in 2012 [19]. In this research the DDGS has been investigated for its use as a functional filler in wood particleboards bonded with melamine urea formaldehyde. Both the concentration of the DDGS filler – 5, 10, and 15 wt. % – and the particle size of the filler – 125, 300, and 500 μm – has been considered. It was presumed that the additional protein and fats in the lignocellulosic DDGS would increase strength and water resistance of the particleboards leading to reduction in petroleum based resin and wax usage. Chemical analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry were used to analyze the DDGS filler. A variety of mechanical tests were performed on particleboards including: flexural, internal bond, hardness, screw withdrawal, linear expansion, and water absorption. The results show that DDGS bonded to the melamine urea formaldehyde resin. At concentration of 5 wt. % DDGS with particle size 500 μm produced superior properties compared to the control panel, while the other blends remained equivalent to the control.
Keywords: Corn, Dried Distillers Grains with Solubles, Particleboard, Micronization, Physical and Mechanical Properties
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SOURCE, FATE, AND TRANSPORT OF CRYPTOSPORIDIUM IN THE RED RIVER WATERSHED, NORTH DAKOTA, USA
Tanush Wadhawan1, John McEvoy3, Xuefeng Chu2, Eakalak Khan2*
1Environmental and Conservation Sciences Program, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
2Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
3Department of Veterinary and Microbiological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
*Corresponding author’s Email: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The source, fate, and transport of Cryptosporidium in the Red River watershed, North Dakota, USA was investigated in three aspects. First, the role of manure on the fate and transport of Cryptosporidium through soils was elucidated. Without manure, higher adsorption of Cryptosporidium to the clayey and loamy soils was observed. With manure, the adsorption of Cryptosporidium to the rocky sand increased by 35%, while for the loam and clayey soil, the increases in adsorption were minimal, 2-3% and 1-2%, respectively. The high adsorption of the oocysts to soil with or without addition of manure will prevent transport and restrict Cryptosporidium to the top soil in the fields. The second part of the study examined Cryptosporidium transport under simulated rainfall and snowmelt conditions. Results showed that one year rainfall and snowmelt events were insufficient to completely transfer Cryptosporidium from soil surface to subsurface and surface drainage systems. The numbers of Cryptosporidium in the drainage effluent varied from 50% to 90% of the influent. Transport of Cryptosporidium during actual storm events was the last aspect studied. Thirty water samples were collected from the Red River of the North and its tributaries in an area around Fargo, North Dakota, USA during two major flood events that were one year apart. Cryptosporidium spp. were isolated, enumerated, and identified to the species/genotype level. Cryptosporidium was detected in 69% and 82% of the water samples from the first and second events, respectively. Seventy eight percent of the Cryptosporidium spp. found in the water samples was identified to be Cryptosporidium andersoni suggesting that cattle were a significant source of water contamination during these major flooding events.
Keywords: Cryptosporidium, drainage, flood, manure application, and transport
40 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
EXOGENOUS ASCORBIC ACID INCREASES RESISTANCE TO SALT OF SILYBUM MARIANUM (L.)
Banu Aytül Ekmekçi
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Anadolu University, 26470- Eskişehir, Turkey
Corresponding author’s email: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Salinity stress has negative effects on agricultural yield throughout the world, affecting production whether it is for subsistence or economic gain. This study investing a test his inductive role of vitamin C and its application mode in mitigating the detrimental effects of irrigation with diluted (10, 20 and 30%) NaCl + water on Silybum marianum L. plants. The results show that 10% of salt water exhibited insignificant changes, while the higher levels impaired growth by reducing seed germination, dry weights of shoot and root, water status and chlorophyll contents. However, irrigation with salt water enhanced carotenoids and antioxidant enzyme activities. The detrimental effects of salt water were ameliorated by application of 100 ppm ascorbic acid (vitamin C). The inductive role of vitamin was associated with the improvement of seed germination, growth, plant water status, carotenoids, and endogenous ascorbic acid and antioxidant enzyme activities. Moreover, vitamin C alone or in combination with 30% NaCl water increased the intensity of protein bands as well as synthesized additional new proteins with molecular weights of 205, 87, 84, 65 and 45 kDa. This could increase tolerance mechanisms of treated plants towards water salinity.
Keywords: salinity stress, Silybum marianum, antioxidant enzyme
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 41
ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF AGRICULTURAL WATER QUALITY IN SOUTH DAKOTA
Laurent Ahiablame
Corresponding author’s Email : [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Clean and adequate supplies of water are necessary to promote healthy watersheds, provide wildlife habitat, and maintain drinking water sources and other designated uses. Recent trends in climate and land use change are increasing pressure on water resources in the Western Corn Belt region, including South Dakota, where agriculture is the leading industry with a $19 billion impact on the state’s economy. Major crops and livestocks in South Dakota include wheat, corn, soybean, sunflower, small grains (oats, rye, alfalfa, and sorghum), beef, and pork. Over the last several years, interest in improving farm productivity have led to substantial increase in agricultural practices such as subsurface (tile) drainage, especially in eastern South Dakota. However, intense agricultural activities and development of tile drainage systems contribute to exports of nitrogen (N) and phosphrus (P) from agricultural fields into receiving water bodies. Edge-of-field nutrient management strategies such as woodchip bioreactors and P removal beds can be used to conserve water quality. This seminar will provide some insight into temporal variation in water quality in a representative eastern South Dakota watershed, and showcase conservation efforts being adopted for controlling the nonpoint source pollution problem in the state.
Keywords: Watershed; Conservation; Nitrate; Phosphorus; Nonpoint pollution
42 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
RAPESEED BREEDING – A SUCCESS STORY FROM SCRATCH AT NORTH DAKOTA STATE UNIVERSITY
Mukhlesur Rahman
Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
Corresponding author’s Email: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Rapeseed/canola (Brassica napus L.) oil is primarily utilized as edible oil; however, it also be used as protein meals for livestock, pharmaceuticals, as well as biofuel and other oleochemical industries. Rapeseed/canola attracted more attention in the last two decades due to their application in biodiesel production. The increased interest resulted in the expansion of the rapeseed crop cultivation area and its increased production. North Dakota is the leader in rapeseed acreage and production with over 83% of U.S. acreage and produces about 84% of all U.S. rapeseed (1.16 million acres and 1.9 billion pounds with a value of $391 million – 5 yr. average from 2010-2014; USDA-NASS). Canola ranked 4th most important field crops in North Dakota. North Dakota State University (NDSU) initiated a modern spring canola breeding program in 2006. The goal of this program is to increase the competitiveness of ND in the production and processing of canola for oil and biodiesel. A wide diversified Brassica germplasm with both roundup ready and conventional types have been obtained from both private and public sectors across the world. In addition to NDSU independent canola breeding program, a collaborative breeding research has been established with Monsanto and DL Seeds Inc. Crossing and backcrossing have been made between genetically diverse winter type with spring type canola, and spring type with spring type canola to develop new breeding lines with desirable traits. Interspecific crosses were also made among B. napus, B. rapa, B. juncea and B. carinata to modify and improve the seed yield and oil profile of B. napus. A total of 367 wide diversified B. napus lines have been partially sequenced by genotyping by sequencing (GBS) for trait related marker development. Canola double haploid production and molecular marker technology are already in place to accelerate the breeding line development program. The breeding program obtained a licensing agreement with INRA, France to utilize Ogura-CMS and restorer (R-2000) system in hybrid breeding program for inbred line development. Both greenhouse and wide range growth chamber are utilizing to grow canola in a controlled environment. The seed quality lab is equipped with a near infrared spectrophotometer for seed oil, seed protein and fatty acid profile analysis. Disease screening facilities are available both in the greenhouse and in the field with a misting irrigation system with the cooperation of NDSU plant pathologist. The capacity of field plot testing and harvesting program is over 5,000 plots per year at seven trial locations across the state. Off-season (winter) nursery is located in Santiago, Chile that significantly reduced the breeding cycle to get homozygous breeding lines and sufficient seeds for following summer trials. The field testing program is fully equipped with Hage 6-row planter, new R-Tech swather, Wintersteiger combine with harvest master, tractor, cultivator, truck, trailer etc. Although the breeding program is comparatively new, however, a high oil variety (NDSU-662c) was released for the 1st time from this program in 2011. Three hybrids with very high seed yield and high oil content were identified in NDSU canola breeding trials as well as in ND canola variety trials (3rd party trial) in North Dakota and are in the process to release soon.
Keywords: Rapeseed, Breeding, NDSU
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 43
MORTALITY MANAGEMENT AND DISPOSAL OPTIONS
Shafiqur Rahman
Agricultural & Biosystems Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
Corresponding author’s Email :[email protected]
ABSTRACT
Mortality losses are a normal part of livestock and poultry production. Producers may have losses due to disease, accidents, or inter-animal competition. It is the responsibility of the producer to dispose of these mortalities in an environmentally acceptable manner. Safe disposal of carcasses is an important issue for day-to-day routine management of stock mortalities or in case of a disease outbreak and to prevent animal disease transmission, and protect air and water quality. Therefore, carcass disposal remains one of the major challenges facing poultry and livestock producers. In this presentation, different options of mortality management and disposal, especially, composting would be discussed.
Keywords: livestock and poultry, mortality, disposal, composting
44 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
ALGAE-BASED WASTEWATER TREATMENT OF DOMESTIC AND AGRICULTURAL WASTEWATER THAT CAN YIELD MULTIPLE SOURCES OF REVENUE INCLUDING BIODIESEL, ELECTRICITY AND PATHOGEN-FREE FERTILIZER
Stephen R. Lyon, Hossein Ahmadzadeh, Marcia A. Murry
AlgaXperts, LLC, Milwaukee, WI, USA
Department of Chemistry, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
Department of Biology, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, California, USA
Corresponding author’s Email: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
This presentation describes the principles and rationale for an algae-based biofuel production coupled to bioremediation of municipal and agricultural wastewaters. A synergistic model for algal wastewater treatment is proposed, which addresses several economic bottlenecks to earlier algal systems and promotes value-added products, including a high-quality effluent in addition to biodiesel to improve the economic feasibility of algal biofuels and a brief review of candidate species for full-scale algae production ponds based on algal structure, physiology and ecology.
Keywords: Algae, biofuels, wastewater treatment, water reclamation
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 45
ROLE OF EXTENSION IN US LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION, A WASTE MANAGEMENT EMPHASIS
Teng Teeh Lim
Food Systems and Bioengineering Division University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
Corresponding author’s Email: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Extension in the United States is an educational program that provides practical application through demonstration and instruction of research-based knowledge to the general public. Much of the service is provided by the designated land-grant universities. In the last few decades, the number of livestock and poultry farms has declined significantly, but productivity has increased due to mechanization, improved efficiency and environmental control, and new technologies. The importance of Extension, challenges it faces, and changes and opportunities will be discussed. This presentation will also report the mitigation of dust, odor and gas emissions of livestock and poultry production facilities. Examples of research and Extension programs involving manure nutrient management and air quality control will be provided to explain how the collaboration and application work. Current research of bio- filter for emission mitigation and anaerobic digestion and co-digestion of livestock manure will be presented.
Keywords: Technology transfer, air emission, odor abatement, biofilter, anaerobic digestion
46 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR IN TURKEY
Ayse OZCAN1, Eric STRAUSS2
1Giresun University, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences 2Michigan State University, School of Planning, Design and Construction
*Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Turkey is a country located in a semi-arid climate. Future projections for the country show an increase in temperature and a reduction in precipitation. Climate change influences agriculture in Turkey in three ways: agricultural productivity; development (GDP -Gross Domestic Product); and food security. Productivity of wheat, the most important crop may decrease up to 15%. In terms of development, agriculture’s share of GDP has fallen from 12% to 7.2 % over the past 10 years. Finally, food security will be affected by climate change in some areas of the country leading to the potential for environmental damage and social unrest.
Keywords: Climate change, Agriculture, Water Resources, GDP, Turkey.
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 47
IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT IN A GREENHAOUSE BY AN AUTOMATED IRRIGATION SYSTEM SENSING WATER LEVEL FROM A MINI-PAN
Murat Yıldırım
Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi, Tarımsal Yapılar ve Sulama Bölümü, Çanakkale
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Irrigation has the maximum water withdrawal in agriculture and on the other hand, agriculture is the primary source of livelihood for farmers. In this case, agricultural water management is the key point at both sustainable agriculture and using water efficiency in agriculture. Nowadays, automation in drip irrigation systems has been switched from manual systems to the automated systems since offering a wide range of new options such as water and labor saving and so on. This paper proposes a model of an automatic drip irrigation system, based on a sensor sensing water level in a mini-pan. The sensors made of two electrodes are the only source of power to control the irrigation system. Sensors are placed inside in the mini-pan and continuously sense the water level until it dropped under the bottom tip of one electrode and produced a signal going to the microprocessor (PIC16F877). Therefore, being a close loop, the system was activated based on the water level, which pumps and stopped the system through the whole growing season. In this paper, a complete hardware and software implementation of this proposed automated irrigation system is presented.
Keywords: Automation, drip irrigation, mini-pan, controller
48 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
DRY PEAS VARIETIES (PISUM SATIVUM L.) FOR THE PROVISION OF IMPROVED SEEDS AND THE EXTENT OF ITS CONTRIBUTION IN INCREASING THE PRODUCTIVITY OF DRY PEAS CROP IN LIBYA
Mabrouk El-SHARIEF 1, Ahmed ALBUASHE 1, Younis, SHOAIB1, Yousef El-NAJH 1, Khaled ABBOUD1, Abdel Aziz SALEH 2
1Agricultural Research Center -Libya 2Project Engineer Barjuj productive (Southern Region) - Libya
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT The access to improved seed to harvest dry peas and used agricultural and animal research center passed through several stages of education inputs and strains weather local methodology (local strains) or important from a international centers for agricultural research, agricultural bodies abroad in the form of generations isolationist (third generation-the sixth generation) or preliminary experiments for the purpose of assessing productivity will, started those stages evaluation or screening strains are constructed in terms of drought western mountain under the rain rate (220mm/year) and the western coastal region under the rain rate (350mm / year)..the system of supplementary irrigation, and south region (sabha, Brjoj productive project) under high temperatures and system of permanent irrigation system and then the evaluation and selection for several consecutive seasons of up to (7) seasons, has been cultivated strains as monitoring slices to make sure the strain recipes so we can launch and call them varieties and called a local label (Zahra) and graded order strain respectively (Zahra -1) then (Zahra-2) and so for all the promising strains, are the seeds of class seed breeder and has been the basis of the seeds and then approved after the adoption of the commission on Accreditation varieties, and delivered to the seed multiplication center improved breeding and were disturbed to the public agriculture sectors (agricultural projects)and private sectors (farmers)he followed the same research and scientific method to launch a range of varieties dry the area est of the mountain pease (yffrane). one of the research station of the center of agricultural research (liquidated) as well as the western coastal region (Tajura, Zahra, Khomes and Misratah Station) and south region (sebha station, and the project Brjoj productive), in the western costal region (Tajour and Zahra Station) was evaluated and the election of a range of varieties of dry pease with recipes quantity and good quality such as (Zahra- 1.4,5,7.9,13,14,15,16,17) and in the region western mountain (Soffet Station) (Zahra-1, 4 ,5,6,7,8,9) and in southern region (sebha station) have been evaluated and selection of varieties of dry pease (Zahra-1.2,4,5,9,10,12,13,,14,15,16,17) and Parjoj productive project and site Tsawa (Zahra- 1,2,4,5.10,11,12,17) and named after local names a row ((Zahra-1, zahra-2…etc)) and we continued to naming by same away for any breed excels and adapted to local condition, has characterized such items from others tested strains in morphological characteristics (flowering) the average number of flowering days (66.9) days of agriculture and number of maturity days (127) days in term of plant height where the tallest varieties desirable and selected to suitability for mechanical harvesting their was medium height (94cm), and in recipe 100 seed weight (21g/100seeds) in character of seed productivity the average varieties (1921kg/ha), and in terms of the sensitivity of disease outperformed varieties (zahra-4,Zahra-10) in mountain west region to the rest of the tasted strain western coastal region in terms of resistance to disease (powdery mildew) and (downy mildew) outperformed the tasted varieties southern region and project Barjoj and Tsawh (Zahra, Zahra, Zahra) on the rest of the tasted strain coastal areas other beer temperature and excelled varieties (Zahra, Zahra) were tasted there strains in the western mountain region as drought tolerance to anther tested strains in the western coastal region and still search continue to launch more promising varieties of dry peas were had proven under local condition in all the different agricultural region. Keywords: Pisum sativum, dry peas, local experiments
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 49
KATI ATIKLARIN ÇEVREYE VE SAĞLIĞA ETKİSİ KONUSUNDA BİREYLERİN BİLİNÇ DÜZEYİNİN BELİRLENMESİ ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA (TOKAT İL MERKEZİ ÖRNEĞİ)
Rüveyda KIZILOĞLU1, Halil KIZILASLAN1, Gülten SOYSAL1
1Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi, Tarım Ekonomisi Bölümü, Tokat, Türkiye
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Araştırmada Tokat merkez ilçede yaşayan bireylerin kullandıkları katı atıklarının sağlıklarına ve çevreye olan etkilerinin bilme ve bilinç düzeylerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın temel materyalini, Tokat ili merkez ilçe kentsel alanda yaşayan ve farklı gelir düzeyine sahip bireylerden anket yolu ile elde edilen veriler oluşturulacaktır. Örnek hacmi belirlemede oransal örnekleme yöntemi kullanılması hedeflenmektedir. Ana kitleyi oluşturan bireylerin özellikleri başlangıçta bilinmediği için, örnek hacmini maksimum kılacak şekilde p=0.5 olarak alınıp, %95 güven aralığı ve %5 hata payı ile çalışılıp ve örnek hacmi 380 birey olarak düşünülmektedir. Örneğe alınan bireylerin tesadüfi olarak belirlenecektir. Bireylerin bilgi düzeyini belirlemek için bir takım doğru ve yanlış bilgiler sorulup ve verdikleri her doğru cevap için bir puan, yanlış cevap için sıfır puan verilerek puanlama yapılması planlanmaktadır. Doğru soruların puanları toplanarak, en yüksek puan belirlenecek ve böylelikle bireylerin bilinç düzeyi belirlenmesi hedeflenmektedir. Toplam puanın yarısından fazlası bilinç seviyesi yüksek ve yarı puanın altı bilinç seviyesi düşük olmak üzere iki kategori oluşturulup dummy değişken elde edilmesi planlanmaktadır. Çünkü bireylerin katı atıkların çevre ve sağlıklarına olan etkilerinin bilinç düzeyinin etkileyen faktörleri belirlemek amacıyla binary logit analizi uygulanması hedeflenmektir. Ayrıca katı atıklar hakkındaki bilgi, tutum ve davranışlarının belirlenmesi için faktör analizi ile gruplar oluşturularak bilinç düzeyine bağımsız değişken olarak katılması düşünülmektedir. Araştırma kapsamında görüşülecek kişilerin sosyo-demografik faktörler ortaya konulduktan sonra, çalışmanın ana amacına ulaşmak için bağımsız değişkenler (sosyo-demografik faktörlerin yanı sıra bireylerin bazı bilgileri değerlendirilmeye alınacaktır) belirlenip analize tabi tutulup istatiksel olarak bağımlı değişkeni yani katı atıkların çevre ve sağlığa etkisinin bilinç düzeyini etkileyen faktörler ortaya konulması hedeflenilmektedir. Bireylerin kullandıkları katı atıkların çevreye ve sağlıkları üzerine etkisi hakkındaki bilgi, tutum, davranış ve en önemlisi bilinç seviyeleri istatistiki olarak ölçülüp ortaya konulması bu araştırmanın en önemli sonucu olacaktır. Bu sonuçlar doğrultusunda bireylerin ne istediği ortaya konulup ve bu işle uğraşan firma/işletmelerin ya da devletin konuyla ilgili politika geliştirmesine veya strateji belirlemesine ışık tutacağı bir çalışma olacağı düşünülmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Tokat, bilgi düzeyi, bilinç düzeyi, katı atık, çevre
50 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
KİMYASAL ATIKLARIN ÇEVRE VE SAĞLIĞA ETKİSİ KONUSUNDA BİREYLERİN BİLİNÇ DÜZEYİNİN BELİRLENMESİ ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA (KARABÜK İL MERKEZİ ÖRNEĞİ)
Rüveyda Kızıloğlu1, Halil Kızılaslan1, Müyesser Yurdabakan1
1Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi, Tarım Ekonomisi Bölümü, Tokat, Türkiye
Correspondence author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Araştırmada Karabük merkez ilçede yaşayan bireylerin kimyasal atıklarının sağlıklarına ve çevreye olan etkilerinin bilme ve bilinç düzeylerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın temel materyalini, Karabük ili merkez ilçe kentsel alanda yaşayan ve farklı gelir düzeyine sahip bireylerden anket yolu ile elde edilen veriler oluşturulacaktır. Örnek hacmi belirlemede oransal örnekleme yöntemi kullanılması hedeflenmektedir. Ana kitleyi oluşturan bireylerin özellikleri başlangıçta bilinmediği için, örnek hacmini maksimum kılacak şekilde p=0.5 olarak alınıp, %95 güven aralığı ve %5 hata payı ile çalışılıp ve örnek hacmi 380 birey olarak düşünülmektedir. Örneğe alınan bireylerin tesadüfi olarak belirlenecektir. Bireylerin bilgi düzeyini belirlemek için bir takım doğru ve yanlış bilgiler sorulup ve verdikleri her doğru cevap için bir puan, yanlış cevap için sıfır puan verilerek puanlama yapılması planlanmaktadır. Doğru soruların puanları toplanarak, en yüksek puan belirlenecek ve böylelikle bireylerin bilinç düzeyi belirlenmesi hedeflenmektedir. Toplam puanın yarısından fazlası bilinç seviyesi yüksek ve yarı puanın altı bilinç seviyesi düşük olmak üzere iki kategori oluşturulup dummy değişken elde edilmesi planlanmaktadır. Çünkü bireylerin kimyasal atıkların çevre ve sağlıklarına olan etkilerinin bilinç düzeyinin etkileyen faktörleri belirlemek amacıyla binary logit analizi uygulanması hedeflenmektir. Ayrıca kimyasal atıklar hakkındaki bilgi, tutum ve davranışlarının belirlenmesi için faktör analizi ile gruplar oluşturularak bilinç düzeyine bağımsız değişken olarak katılması düşünülmektedir. Araştırma kapsamında görüşülecek kişilerin sosyo-demografik faktörler ortaya konulduktan sonra, çalışmanın ana amacına ulaşmak için bağımsız değişkenler (sosyo-demografik faktörlerin yanı sıra bireylerin bazı bilgileri değerlendirilmeye alınacaktır) belirlenip analize tabi tutulup istatiksel olarak bağımlı değişkeni yani kimyasal atıkların çevre ve sağlığa etkisinin bilinç düzeyini etkileyen faktörler ortaya konulması hedeflenilmektedir. Bireylerin sürekli karşılaştıkları kimyasal atıkların çevreye ve sağlıkları üzerine etkisi hakkındaki bilgi, tutum, davranış ve en önemlisi bilinç seviyeleri istatistiki olarak ölçülüp ortaya konulması bu araştırmanın en önemli sonucu olacaktır. Bu sonuçlar doğrultusunda bireylerin ne istediği ortaya konulup ve bu işle uğraşan firma/işletmelerin ya da devletin konuyla ilgili politika geliştirmesine veya strateji belirlemesine ışık tutacağı bir çalışma olacağı düşünülmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Karabük, bilgi düzeyi, bilinç düzeyi, kimyasal atık, çevre
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 51
GROWTH AND YIELD PERFORMANCE OF Hevea brasiliensis UNDER VARIOUS PLANTING DENSITY
Zulkefly SULAIMAN1 and Goh, S.S.2
1University Putra Malaysia 2Malaysia Rubber Board
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Rubber growing in Malaysia predominantly a smallholder’s industry with contributed about 93.1% (2013) of the total rubber production in Malaysia. Although there is an important contribution by the rubber smallholders sector, the majority of them to be plagued by persistent low productivity and income largely due to uneconomic size of holding, planting of non-recommended clones, low adoption of technology, capital deficiency and unstable of rubber price in the past. With the low yield of rubber (average 1400 kg per hectare, 2013) from the rubber smallholders, several approaches have been developed in Malaysia to increase land productivity and income. One of the approaches is through adopting high density planting. A study on the effect of high density planting on growth and yield of rubber was conducted in FELDA Jenderak Utara, Temerloh, Pahang, Malaysia, on Durian and Gajah Mati soil series, started in February 2000. The treatments study were (i) Planting densities, i.e. 500 trees/ha (4m x 5m), 700 trees/ha (4m x 3.6m), and 1000 trees/ha (4m x 2.5m) and (ii) rubber clones i.e. RRIM 2025, RRIM 2016 and RRIM 2001. The treatments were arranged according to the Split Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The results found there were significant effects of planting density and clone on growth (girth) of rubber, 63 months and 151 months after planting. For instance, the densities of 500 trees and 700 trees/ha had higher growth (girth) compared to density of 1000 trees/ha with mean of 47.4 cm = 47.2 cm > 44.1 cm, respectively, 63 months after planting. A similar result was found, 151 months after planting. Clone RRIM 2025 had higher growth (girth) compared to RRIM 2016 and RRIM 2001 with mean of 48.3 cm > 46 cm = 44.6 cm, respectively in the same period. The densities of 500 and 700 trees/ha produced higher tree productivity (g/t/t) at the second year of tapping compared to the density of 1000 trees/ha with means of 64.9 g/t/t = 64.2 g/t/t > 52.9 g/t/t, respectively with tapping system of 1/2S D3 SEN(8x/year). However, there was no significant effect of clone on tree productivity during the same period of tapping (RRIM 2025 = RRIM 2001 = RRIM 2016 with mean of 64.7 g/t/t = 60.3 g/t/t = 59.0 g/t/t, respectively). Survey on bark thickness was conducted, 151 months after planting. The result found, the density of 500 and 700 trees/ha had thicker bark thickness compared to the density of 1000 trees/ha with means of 10.9 mm =10.1 mm > 9.4 mm, respectively. Density of 1000 trees/ha produced higher crotch height compared to the density of 700 trees/ha and 500 trees/ha with means 6.0 m > 4.4 m = 4.2m, 151 months after planting. However, no significant were found for the treatment clone and interaction of clone x density on crotch height. Clone RRIM 2025 produced higher clear bole volume compared to the clone RRIM 2016 and RRIM 2001 with means of 0.16 m3/tree > 0.13 m3/tree = 0.11 m3/tree, respectively.
Keywords: Hevea brasiliensis, growth and yield performance, rubber density
52 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF FULL FAT AND DEFATTED WALNUT FLOUR
T. A. Sanni1, E.M. Ogunbusola1
1Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Oye, Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The study investigates the functional properties of full fat and defatted walnut flours using standard methods. The results showed that defatting significantly increased the water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity, least gelation concentration and bulk density. Foaming capacity of full fat and defatted walnut flour are concentration and pH dependent. Addition of sodium chloride to 0.15M increased the foaming capacity of the seed flours, however, beyond this concentration the foaming capacity decreased with increasing salt concentration. The protein solubility of the seed flours is minimum at pH 4.0 and increased generally with increase in pH of the medium. Walnut flours may find use as functional ingredient in food system and in new food formulation.
Keywords: functional properties, full fat, defatted, walnut flour
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 53
MANAGEMENT OF PESTICIDES, A WAY TO ACHIEVE SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE
Razieh POURDARBANI
Department of Agricultural Machinery engineering, College of Agriculture technology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected], [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Usage of pesticides increases the quantity and quality of products by eliminating of unwanted factors and on the other hand, life balance is disrupted with the elimination of natural pest control agents, causing outbreaks of pests. The adverse effects of toxins on other organisms due to the use of pesticide poisoning as well as the production costs of pesticide are the ways that indicate the need for principled and thoughtful usage of these materials. Unfortunately, our farmers have the habit upon seeing each pest, from Aphid and mite and weed to mice and so on, resort to sprayer and cause their environment and other organisms to victim of sudden or gradual, without considering other methods of struggle. Another point that should not be ignored that is in the event of a reduction in pesticides, saving a lot of foreign exchange is achieved. Now most countries especially in Europe, America, and Japan are not allowed products that are sprayed with pesticides illegal or those pesticide residues above the permissible limit to be entered to their country. Given the above, today in many countries, especially those dependent on imported pesticides are plans to reduce the use of pesticide and replacing it with other methods. Among these methods, biological control is vast. This article intends to consider solutions as appropriate principles of pesticides use in agriculture to address that minimal use of pesticides and biological control of crop pests ensure food safety of millions of innocent people.
Keywords: management pesticides, pesticides, pesticides usage
54 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
TARIMDA BLOK MODELİ VE TARIMSAL DENETİM (TARBLOK) ©
Yıldıray KAYA
Sorumlu yazar: [email protected]
ÖZET
Biz bu model projede, ülke tarımının iyileştirilmesi ve tarımdan elde edilecek gelirin daha fazla olmasını sağlayacak tarımsal işletmelerde denetim ve arazi parselasyon sistemine yeni bir bakış getirmeye çalıştık. Proje içinde dile getirdiğimiz fikirlerin birçoğu dünyada örnekleri yok denecek kadar az olup uygulandığı takdirde ülkelerin tarımdan elde ettiği gelirler artacak ve tarımsal araziler ile beraber çevre de büyük oranda korunmuş olacaktır. Ülke tarım politikaları projede sunduğumuz şekilde yapıldığı takdirde kırsal kesimde yaşayan tarımla uğraşan kesim milli gelirden daha çok pay alacak, çevre (hayvan yaşam alanları ve sulak alanlar) daha etkin korunacak ve projede önerilen denetim sistemi sayesinde gıda güvenliği çok düşük maliyet ile yapılacaktır. TARIMDA BLOK MODELİ VE TARIMSAL DENETİM (TARBLOK)© çalışması beş ana bölümden oluşmaktadır: Birinci bölümde arazi parselasyon üzerine tarımsal işletme blok modeli tanımlanmış ve bu sistemin nasıl oluşturulacağı ve blokların nasıl bir yasal yapıya kavuşması gerektiği üzerine fikirler sunulmuştur. İkinci bölümde tarımsal işletme denetiminin ayrıntılı olarak gerçek araziler temel alınarak nasıl ve ne şekilde kurulup kurumsal hale getirileceği ve denetim konularının tarımsal işletme verimliliğine getireceği katkılar sıralanmıştır. Üçüncü bölümde tarımsal işletme bloklarında giderlerin /gelirlerin kayıt altına alınmasına dair görüşler bildirilmiştir. Dördüncü bölümde, tarımsal işletme blok sisteminin gıda güvenliği konusuna etkisi değerlendirilmiştir. Beşinci bölümde ise proje ile ilgili olarak sonuçlar ve öneriler sıralanmıştır.
Anahtar kelimeler : TARBLOK, arazi düzenlemesi, verimlilik
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 55
REVIVING THE ECONOMY OF KP PROVINCE OF PAKISTAN UNDER THE DAIRY SCIENCE PARK
M Subhan Qureshi1, Sarzamin Khan1, Irfan Ul Haq Qureshi2, Asim Ijaz1 and Asad Sultan1
1 Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences The University of Agriculture, Peshawar-Pakistan 25210 2 Dairy Science Park, 401-A, City Tower, University Road, Peshawar
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT Pakistan has been blessed with natural resources; however utilization of resources could not be ensured efficiently. The Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province possesses 39.7, 34.6, 29.1, 66.6 and 1000 million cattle, buffaloes, sheep, goats and poultry. The present farming and marketing system do not possess the capacity to return the required profitability to the producer nor the required food quality to the consumers. In addition the long fought war on terror in the province and the adjoining Afghan regions has caused irreparable losses to livestock and poultry resources in the region. Resultantly, the region has become a site of unrest and a conflict among various hostile forces. The Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science is the leading organization in livestock sector of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, engaged in teaching, research and industrial linkages. At graduate level, the Doctor of Veterinary Medicine degree program is being successfully run under guidelines provided under the Pakistan Veterinary Medical Council Act 1996 and quality of the program is reflected from performance of the students at Provincial and Federal Public Service Commission, Pakistan Army, admission into international educational institutions and the Industry. Postgraduate degree programs are being run leading to award of MSc Hons/M Phil and PhD degree programs in Livestock Management, Poultry Science, Animal Nutrition and Animal Health. Applied research has been covering the industrial issues and advisory services are provided to the provincial government and the KP Chamber of Commerce and Industries. A good number of publications in impact factor journals, winning research projects/awards by the faculty members, release of ADP funds by the LG&RD Department and consideration of support by the USDS, have been indicative of the quality of research at the Faculty. Dairy Science Park has emerged at the Faculty as a remedy for responding to the challenges faced by the Livestock Sector. Mission statement of the Park has been set as economic growth at Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, FATA and the neighboring Afghanistan regions through medium sized livestock and poultry production, processing and marketing units, and service providers, through an ISO accredited, environment-friendly intervention package providing entrepreneurship opportunities to the youth, ensuring food security of the province and sparing surpluses for the international Halal Meat market exceeding US$ +500 billion. Quality control support will be provided through development of standards for the farms, clinics, meat/milk/eggs shops, slaughter houses, services providers and other associated units. The interests of various stakeholders will be protected through legislation and promulgation of Dairy Science Park Act 2015. A network of nucleus breeding stocks will b be established to meet the requirements of the emerging entrepreneurs in farming sheep, goats, cattle, buffaloes, broiler poultry, turkeys, rabbits and quails and etc. Value addition network will be provided through slaughter houses, milk processing units, cold storage and transportation. The Park has been supposed to generate self-employment, indirect employments, and production of hygienic food for local consumption and for earning foreign exchange. Additional benefits would be public health and environment protection; providing Halal meat to Muslim and non Muslims around the globe; combating energy crisis and friendly relations with the nations around the globe.
Keywords: entrepreneurship, livestock, poultry, quails. Quality, standards, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
56 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
FOOD INSECURITY IN AFRICA; CAUSES, EFFECTS AND SOLUTIONS: A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIA
B. OZKAN1, W.O. FAWOLE1, and E. ILBASMIS1
1Department of Agricultural Economics, Akdeniz University, 07058 Campus, Dumlupinar Bulvari, Antalya, Turkey
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The aim of this paper is to examine the increasing food insecurity in Nigeria and the implications on the stability of the country in particular and Africa in general. This study tries to x-ray the food insecurity in Nigeria and Africa in general. This is important in order to alert the stakeholders in the Agricultural sector on the implications of the rising food insecurity in the country in recent years. The secondary data source from the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) of the United Nations were used by examining the trend from 1990 to 2014.
The findings of this study indicate that key food security indicators used for the study such as prevalence of undernourishment, food inadequacy and numbers of undernourished people are on the increase in Nigeria from the year 2009 to 2014 according to the latest survey. The implication of this is that if the trend is not halted as quickly as possible it is a time bomb that may pose great security risks and danger to the country and African sub-region as a whole being the most populous black nation. In order to prevent this, the immediate causes of the rising food insecurity as pointed out in the study must be identified while appropriate measures such as consistent policy framework for agriculture, provision of infrastructures, population control through birth control, provision of storage facilities and abolition of trade barriers among others are suggested to solve the food security challenges in Nigeria and by extension other African countries.
Keywords: Food security, food, Nigeria
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 57
THE INFLUENCE OF MICROCLIMATE FOREST TOWARDS THE DIVERSITY OF EPIPHYTES IN LOWLAND DIPTEROCARP FOREST
Akas Pinaringan Sujalu1, Sigit Hardwinarto2, Chandradewana Boer2, M. Soemaryono2
1Faculty of Agriculture, The University of 17th August 1945 of Samarinda Jl Ir. H. Juanda 80, Samarinda 75123 2Forest Management-Faculty of Forest-Mulawarman University
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The aim from this research is to find out the correlation between condition of micro climate at the the climax to the broadness of 6 hectares and the log over area to the broadness of 12 hectares in the at lowland dipterocarpaceae forest at Malinau regency. The dominance index value of type (C) in all parts of the tree vertically (crown, stem and bole) in climax forest is lower than the logged forest, whereas Various Index of species (H) at the crown 1,75346, the bark 1,32234, and at the bole trees 1,24137. The similarity Index of species form Srensen (ISs) at the crown 36,5, the bole trees 32,2 and bark trees 32,2. And the other hand ISs at the same as levels climax forest and log over areas indicate highest at the bole trees (96,2), and than crown (90,7) and bole trees the lowest (61,4). Daily average humidity and lighting in the climax and log over area be found have strong correlation with number of species epiphytes.
Keywords: microclimate, climax, log over area, diversity, correlation
58 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
QUALITY OF SOME GENOTYPES CUCUMBER (Cucucmis sativus L.) CULTIVATED IN BANDUNG
RAHAYU, S.T1, U.SUMPENA1, A. ASGAR1, D. MUSADDAD1
1Indonesian Vegetables Research Institute (IVEGRI) Tangkuban Perahu Street 517 Lembang, Bandung
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Cucumber is a kind of vegetable that contain many vitamins, mineral, and fiber that body needed. The purpose of this research to evaluation shelf life some genotypes cucumbers which will be released as a variety. Cucumber planted in Bandung.The analysis was done in the physiology laboratory IVEGRI, Bandung. Cucumber observed including five genotype of IVEGRI and three varieties in the market as control. Experiments performed with the design of random groups with three replication. Quality test of cucumber with the parameters of length, diameter, weight, texture, moisture, and vitamin C. Organoleptic test using 15 panelis with parameters of color, texture, taste, and appearance. Observation be done from day 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 9 day’s ambient temperature. Statistical analysis using PKBT program. The results of research shows that M7 and M8 having texture, moisture, and vitamin C content was no th different with genotype control. M7 and M8 genotype having shelf life 8 day of the parameters of color, texture, taste, and appearance.
Keywords: cucumber cultivated, Cucucmis sativus, cucumber
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 59
DOUBLE-LOG CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF WHEAT PRODUCTION SINDH PROVINCE OF PAKISTAN
Joyo1, Nanik Ram2, Ismail Kumbharf3
1Department Agricultural Economics, Faculty Agricultural Social Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University Tando Jam, Sindh province of Pakistan 2Department of Economics, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh province of Pakistan 3Department Agricultural Education and Extension, Faculty Agricultural Social Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University Tando Jam, Sindh province of Pakistan
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Climate Change is a manifold setback that formed varied impediment which related to environment and economic concerns. It effects badly damaged in the economies which are involved in agrarian, as they are dependent on it by nature. Pakistan’s status as a developing country is holistically depending on agricultural sector, and that setback climatic change is making it highly vulnerable to the effects of climate change variability. The major thrust of study that to monitoring and overcome the increasing population and decreasing food resources may pose a threat for our future food security. The study is on to estimate or predict value of the dependent variable (Wheat Yield) on the basis of the known or fixed values of the explanatory variables (temperature and precipitation level) intended for to look at the climate change impact on wheat production which is the staple food crop of Pakistan. The study uses secondary data with Regression model Yi = f(X2i ,…, Xki) + ui = 1 + 2X2i +… +kXki + ui. The study considers last twenty (20) years data from 1992 to 2012. Pakistan’s wheat production has been declined from 25000 (000) metric tons to 23300 (000) metric tons during 2012-13 with the negative growth rate of (-6.80). The study target area was the rural part of Sindh province of Pakistan purposively due to more area affected for the reason of climate change impacts on the agriculture sector development and wheat crop. The double-Log study signifies that how the known variables are related. The known variables were the temperature and precipitation level and their impact on wheat production and its development. The parameter such as β1 & β2 shows the change in the dependent variable with per unit change in the independent variables. Therefore, the estimated coefficients of regression parameters such as Y-intercept, temperature and precipitation level were calculated as -0.235 and -0.670532 respectively. Regression analysis of the factors affecting wheat indicated that the temperature for higher yields has a slightly negative but within the pace increasing and resultantly non- significant effect and however, the unwanted/extra precipitation/rainfall level was damaged completely. Nevertheless, climate change add more vulnerability of agricultural sector, such as heavy storms, floods and droughts related, have completely the country under the threat of socio-economic losses. Self sufficiency in wheat production is trickledown.
Keywords: Climate, Wheat, Production, Policy and Regression.
60 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
DRY MATTER PRODUCTION, BOTANICAL COMPOSITION AND WATER USE EFFICIENCY OF SIMPLE AND MULTISPECIES PASTURE MIXTURES
Gazi Ozcan1, Serkan Ates1, 2, Harun Cicek2, Saban Isik1 and Stephen P. Loss2, 3
1Bahri Dagdas International Agricultural Research Institute, Konya, Turkey 2International Centre for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Amman, Jordan 3Grains Research & Development Corporation, Canberra, Australia
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
A two year experiment was conducted to compare the dry matter production (DMP) and water use efficiency (WUE) of simple and multiple pasture species mixtures under irrigated conditions in the Central Anatolian region of Turkey. Four pasture mixtures comprising of 1) perennial ryegrass, birdsfoot trefoil and white clover 2) cocksfoot, birdsfoot trefoil and white clover 3) tall fescue, birdsfoot trefoil and white clover and 4) a mix of all five species sown on April 2011. Pastures were commonly grazed by ewes with their lambs during spring and by dry ewes only during summer and autumn in 2012 and 2013. The average annual DMPs were 9.0, 9.1, 10.0 and 10.9 t ha−1 for perennial ryegrass, multispecies, tall fescue and cocksfoot pastures, respectively. The total annual DMP of the pasture mixtures did not differ (P>0.05) from one another in 2012, but cocksfoot and tall fescue pastures had greater (P<0.005) DMP than ryegrass and the multispecies mixture in 2013. DMP, WUE and the botanical compositions of the mixture showed significant (P<0.05) seasonal differences in both years. Despite its good establishment, the persistence of perennial ryegrass was notably poor. In the multispecies mixture, the ryegrass component decreased (P<0.001) from an average of 40.9% on 1 May 2012 to 11.6% on 15 October 2013. In conclusion, tall fescue and cocksfoot pastures offered greater production and better WUE than ryegrass and multispecies pastures and thus may be suited better to the conditions of Central Anatolia and similar agro ecosystems around the world.
Keywords: Pasture mixtures, Dactylis glomerata L., Lolium perenne L., Lotus corniculatus, Festuca arundinacea L, water efficiency
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 61
SORREL SEEDS (Hibscuss abdariffa) OIL AND THE EFFECTS OF GAMMA IRRADIATION ON FATTY ACID PROFILE
Toibudeen Adesegun Sanni
Department of Food Science and Technology Federal University of Oye, Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Effects of gamma irradiations on fatty acid profile and physic-chemical properties of Sorrel seeds (Hibscuss abdariffa) oil samples were determined at different dose levels of 0, 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 kGy gamma irradiation doses respectively. Fatty acids and physic-chemical properties (peroxide value, free fatty acid value, saponification value and color) of the seeds oils were determined using standard methods of analysis. There was significant steady increase in peroxide values (meq O2/Kg oil), saponification value and free fatty acid (mg KOH/g oil) at 0 KGy gamma irradiation to 20 KGy gamma irradiation levels respectively. Gas chromatography (GC) analysis results of the oil showed an increase in the amount of total saturated fatty at 0 and 20 KGy gamma irradiation levels respectively. There was decrease in the amount of total polyunsaturated fatty acids in the triacylglycerol composition of the 20 KGy gamma irradiated samples compared with the un-irradiated samples. The chemical analysis of sorrel seeds at 20 kGy showed effect of cis-trans isomerization of the unsaturated fatty acids. The predominant fatty acid is Linoleic acid (C18:2) cisand an inducement of trans- fatty acids was also observedat 20 kGy.
Keywords: Fatty acids, Gamma Irradiation, Peroxides, Trans fatty acids
62 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
NON-DESTRUCTIVE MEASUREMENTS OF PROXIMATE COMPOSITIONS OF QUALITY PROTEIN MAIZE (QPM) AND SORGHUM RELEVANT FOR CONFECTIONERY AND PASTA PRODUCTION
Ismail A. Durojaiye1 , Chukwu O2., Usman D. Drambi1
1 Department of Agricultural and Bioresource Engineering, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, P. M. B. 0248 Bauchi, Bauchi State, NIGERIA 2Department of Agricultural and Bioresource Engineering, Federal University of Technology Minna, PMB 65, Minna, Niger State, NIGERIA
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT In recent past, destructive means of measuring the proximate compositions of grains are widely used in the industries and research institutes; this involves crushing of samples and application of chemical reagents on samples leading to losses of food along the food chain. However, this study was carried out to evaluate the proximate compositions of Quality Protein Maize (QPM = ART/98-SW6-OB-W) and Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) using non- destructive and conventional destructive methods. Destructive method was evaluated using standardized conventional method by Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) while Diode Array (DA7200) near infra-red (NIR) spectrophotometer was used for non- destructive approach. A randomized block design of 6 (Parameters) × 2 (Laboratory methods of analysis) × 2 (Grain samples) × 3 (Replicates) making a total of 72 samples used for the experiment. SPSS 20.0 statistical package was used to determine significant levels (P<0.05) for the values obtained from both methods using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and mean were separated by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The result shows that non- destructive measurement had higher significant values of moisture content 11.600.06% and 12.470.03% over the destructive measurement with 10.670.52% and 9.070.03% for QPM and sorghum respectively. However, QPM values for destructive approach were 10.550.13% crude protein contents, 4.950.22% crude fat, 3.260.05 crude fiber, 1.710.01% ash content and 68.870.56% carbohydrate content while the non-destructive method had 9.800.00% crude protein content, 4.070.09% crude fat and 61.370.35% carbohydrate content. On the other hand, sorghum grain destructive measurement had 11.130.06% crude protein content, 4.830.03% crude fat, 2.380.01% crude fiber, 1.080.01% crude ash and 70.790.02% carbohydrate content while non-destructive measurements had 8.900.00% crude protein content, 3.130.03% crude fat content, 2.100.00% crude fiber content, 1.200.00% ash content and 66.600.12% carbohydrate content. Non- destructive method using DA7200 NIR spectrophotometer means of obtaining the proximate compositions of cereal grains was therefore found to be more economical and faster without affecting the actual proximate compositions of the grains, hence recommended for used over the conventional destructive method of proximate compositions determination in the industries and research institutes in Nigeria and elsewhere.
Keywords: Quality Protein Maize (QPM), Sorghum, Destructive and Non-destructive Methods, Infra-Red (NIR), Spectrophotometer, Proximate Composition
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 63
GOOD AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES IN MAIZE FOR SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION IN RAINFED KAREWAS OF KASHMIR VALLEY
Ajaz A Lone1, Z A Dar1, B A Alie1, S A Dar1, F A Bahar1, I Abidi, G Ali1 , G Zafar1
1Dryland Agriculture Research Station Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agriculture Sciences & technology of Kashmir Srinagar, Kashmir J& K India 190001
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT In Jammu & Kashmir State 80 % population is dependent on Agriculture which constitutes the main source of lively hood and contributes more than 36.3 per cent to Net Domestic Product .Jammu & Kashmir, despite being an agrarian state, is yet to attain self-sufficiency in food production .Considerable improvement has been recorded in transforming the agricultural scenario of the region resulting in increase in production & productivity as well as over all socio economic growth. The productivity potential of different crops grown in the region shall have to be considerably improved and there is further scope for it .Similar, development and application of modern technology in agricultural and allied sectors is imperative, to harness due economic gains for rural people of the region. The key challenges to agricultural development and rural poverty reduction in Rainfed Karewas include very small and scattered landholdings which are scarcely able to provide subsistence food needs, low crop yields predominance of cultivated land races, non-availability of vital inputs, declining soil fertility, lack of irrigation, lack of diversification in farming systems and cultivation of maize over a wide range of environmental conditions ranging from approximately 1650 m to above 2,600 m a.m.s.l, mostly under rainfed environments. The main thrust of the Sustainable Agricultural Production Programme is the enhancement of the agricultural productivity based on simple/affordable good agricultural practices (GAPs) which will help to bridge the large gap between actual and potential crop yields. The study conducted in 2013-14 by laying of demonstration trial comprising of high yielding maize genotypes under farmers fields revealed profound effect of cultivating crops by adopting proper agronomy on elite niche specific maize genotypes. On an average of all the trials conducted superiority of 113 per cent was observed in terms of yielding ability as compared to farmer’s local cultivars with bad agronomy. All the traits in test genotypes were highly admired by the masses notably grain traits, Stover yield and resilience to abiotic and biotic pressures prevalent in the respective crop niches. Scientific agronomic practices infused in their routine practices were seed treatment, hydro priming, conservation tillage, line sowing, proper inputs and inter cultural operations at right times and post harvest handling. Farmers were able to select right type of genotype suited to their locality after first harvest. 96 percent of farmers were willing to grow again all the genotypes on continuous basis. Recent climatic patterns have drastically affected the fodder production scenario of the State, but these trails revealed that ample quality fodder can be obtained from these high yielding genotypes. Thick hybrid stem was particularly preferred by 29 percent of farmers which particularly hit by fodder shortage for raising Buffaloes. In second year of study, less of capacity building was needed for smooth conduct of trials in the target localities. The seed of OPV’s grown isolated blocks were already disseminated to the adjoining areas through various exchange procedures. In areas were maize is mainly grown for bread purposes white type of test entry was in high demand in these areas Will Grow Again intent for test hybrids was expressed by 98 percent of farmers as compared to local cultivars. The findings of these trials reveals that there is a need to capitalise the available resources’ and to disseminate the practical experiences in order to harness the real benefits of research and this can safely be taken to show that farmers are rational decision makers, that is, they make really good choices if quality seed /technology is available in order to maximize the returns from their production activities. Keywords: good agriculture practise, sustainable agricultural production, Jammu & Kashmir State
64 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
THE EFFECT OF TWO DIFFERENT ZEOLITES APPLIED IN COMBINATION WITH ORGANIC AND INORGANIC FERTILIZER ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF PEA CROP
Tuba Arjumend1,2*, Metin Turan1, Zulal Aktaş1, Mohsin Zafar3, Tabish Abdul Razzaq4
1Department of Genetic and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Yeditepe University, Kayısdagi, 34755 Istanbul, Turkey 2Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, The University of Poonch, Rawalakot, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan 3Department of Soil Science, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil 4Department of Food Science and Technology, The University of Poonch, Rawalakot, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan.
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected].
ABSTRACT
The unique caution exchange, adsorption, hydration–dehydration, and catalytic properties of natural zeolites and their abundance have promoted their use in a wide variety of agricultural processes as soil amendments, slow-release fertilizers, and other materials. In order to look over the effect of two different zeolites (Z1: acidic; Z2: basic) in combination with organic and inorganic fertilizers on growth, yield and yield attributes of peas, an experiment based on complete randomized design with three replications was performed in The Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, The University of Poonch Rawalakot in the year 2014. Treatments comprised of T1: control; T2: Urea @ 100 kg N ha-1; T3: poultry manure (PM) @ -1 -1 100 kg N ha ; T4: Zeolite 1 (Z1); T5: Zeolite 2 (Z2); T6: Urea @ 100 kg N ha + Z1; T7: PM -1 -1 -1 @ 100 kg N ha + Z1; T8: Urea @ 100 kg N ha + Z2; T9: PM @ 100 kg N ha + Z2; T10: -1 -1 -1 Urea @ 50 kg N ha + PM @ 50 kg N ha + Z1; T11: Urea @ 50 kg N ha + PM @ 50 kg N -1 -1 -1 ha + Z2; T12: Urea @ 50 kg N ha + PM @ 50 kg N ha + half Z1 + half Z2. Results demonstrated the positive effect of all the treatments on growth and yield parameters except for number of pods. The greatest root, shoot length (41 and 19.8 cm) and dry weights (5.9 and 0.39 g) were attained in T10 while the highest pods length (6.9 cm), grain fresh weight (12.5) and number of grains (5.9) were obtained in T7. Post-harvest soil nutrient analysis (N, P, Ca, Mg) also respond positively to different treatments over control. It is concluded from the study that the use of zeolite along with mineral (Urea) and organic fertilizers (PM) increased each other’s efficiency and in turn enhanced the growth and yield of crop and nutrient status of soil.
Keywords: organic and inorganic fertilizer, soil effect, crop and nutrient status of soil
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 65
AN ANALYTICAL STUDY OF SOME DIMENSIONS FOR THE FUTURE VISION OF AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN EGYPT
Abdullah Mahmoud Abdel-maqsoud Ahmed
Professor of Agricultural Economics - Ain Shams University – Egypt
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The agriculture sector is the only source of food, and water is the major nerve of this sector and under increasing pressure and the pop of a steady increase in the population and which boat about 90 million people, which represents a severe pressing the need to get rid of these pressures, particularly in the long term, through a clear strategy of the Egyptian Agricultural Development. And a closer look , we find that the water resources are the real nucleus of events intended for agricultural development, which is why this vision to focus on the development of water resources available currently and raise the efficiency of their use Through savings equivalent to 3.16 Milard M3 verified surplus of re- crop Egyptian installation bulks agricultural yield Planning and achieving for stabilized economy, it means the possibility of converting the surplus of water used in agriculture in Egypt to almost about ( 893 ) thousand feddans planted area and about 1.5 million feddan of crop area in the new areas outside the valley , which reflects the possibility of the Egyptian agriculture stakeholders to cause expansion Agricultural Landscape in the depth of the new areas, ease population pressure in this valley with the provision of the necessary atmosphere to achieve stable agricultural development Through the development of the agricultural resettlement policies and mechanisms to determine the compositions crop less risky and so as to achieve the agricultural stability in addition to the environmental dimension and the goal of the intervention agencies concerned with the state of development of legislation and pass legislation for the protection of the environment from pollution and follow the preventive methods for the safety of public health and the laws of the then achieve Agricultural balanced development. And in the light of the above study recommends relying on the following elements as major hubs for agricultural development in Egypt as follows: 1. The provision of water used in agriculture and raise the efficiency of its use. 2. Exploitation patterns and agricultural resettlement in Egypt. 3. Determine the compositions crop less risky. 4. Environmental dimension.
Keywords: agricultural development, Egypt, Egypt’s agriculture
66 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY OF PROFILES OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS STRAINS ISOLATED FROM FOOD AND FOOD CONTACT SURFACES
Mert Sudagidan1, Ali Aydin2, Huseyin Avni Oktem1
1Konya Food and Agriculture University, Meram, Konya, TURKEY 2Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University, Avcilar, Istanbul, TURKEY
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Antimicrobials are widely used in human medicine, agricultural production, and food processing and have been essential for ensuring human and animal health as well as the safety of our food supply. In this study, Staphylococcus aureus strains were isolated from food contact surfaces (staff, equipment etc.) (n:80) and from food (n:121). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was tested against 21 antibiotics (teicoplanin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, rifampicin, penicillin G, cephazolin, kanamycin, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, cefoxitin, linezolid, imipenem, oxacillin, ofloxacin, fusidic acid, tetracycline, levofloxacin, clindamycin, erythromycin, vancomycin, gentamicin, chloramphenicol and tobramycin) for the strains isolated from food contact surfaces and 10 antibiotics (amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, oxytetracycline, moxifloxacin, ciprofloxacin, quinupristin/dalfopristin, doripenem, mupirosin, minocycline, telithromycin and doxycycline) for the strains isolated from food samples by agar disc diffusion method according to CLSI (2014). Agar disc diffusion test results indicated that a total of 22 (27.5%) strains from food contact surfaces were multidrug resistant (MDR) and other 20 (25%) strains were susceptible to all antibiotics. The resistance of penicillin G, tetracycline and erythromycin were determined of 55 (68.7%), 14 (17.5%) and (13.8%) of the tested strains, respectively. Furthermore, 4 (3.3%) strains from food samples were MDR. None of the food isolates were resistant to quinupristin/dalfopristin, doripenem and mupirosin. However, 18 and 8 food isolates were resistant to oxytetracycline and doxycycline, respectively. Only one strain showed resistance to ciprofloxacin, minocycline and telithromycin. These results showed that S. aureus strains from food and food contact surfaces can be resistant to several antibiotics and this possible contamination of various foods with these strains is very important for public health.
Keywords: human medicine, antibiotics, food contamination
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 67
A VIEW OF UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS FOR PRECISION AGRICULTURE
Mehmet Serhat Odabas1, Gökhan Kayhan2, Nurettin Şenyer2, Erhan Ergün2
1Ondokuz Mayis University, Bafra Vocation School, Samsun, Turkey 2Ondokuz Mayis University, Department of Computer Engineering, Samsun, Turkey
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Nowadays the satellite images are used for the studies such as plant diseases and estimation productivity in agricultural areas. In recent years, unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) are being used in many areas like precision agricultural applications. UAS has many advantages in compliance with satellite images on smaller areas. The advantages of UAS are image capture at low altitude, real-time data, automated or semi-automated operation, reducing labor, repeatable performance, availability of data and imagery immediately after the flight, high- resolution images, and cost effective use of technology. In addition, flights need not to be scheduled and there is no cloud cover problem. The aim of this research is to identify St. John’s wort flowers in the nature by using drone (TURKUAV okto XL). While identifying them, the images captured by drone were used and while analyzing the images artificial neural network and image processing were used.
Keywords: UAS, precision agriculture, drone, image processing
68 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
SAHARIAN AGRICULTURE: CURRENT SITUATION AND PROSPECTS FOR DEVELOPMENT
Salah Zenkhri1, Lakhdar Kouri1
1 Laboratoire Biodiversité et Conservation des Eaux et des Sols. Université Abdelhamid Ibn Badis B.P. 227 Route de Belhacéne, 27000 Mostaganem (Algeria)
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The northern areas of the country, faced with the weakness and a poor distribution of rainfall, are constantly under the threat of drought, which constitutes a permanent risk particularly felt for more than a decade. The Saharan regions can contribute substantially to the extension of the Usable Agricultural Area (UAA) by the irrigation of large areas. Major opportunities exist (water, soil, production systems, technical support research training and outreach, institutional organization, etc.). Their rational exploitation will contribute significantly to the increase of agricultural production. The prospects of agriculture Saharan inevitably constitute an alternative to the exhaustible resources and the socio-economic development of the region, given the immense and undeniable opportunities that it offers to the development of economic activities efficient, viable and generator of wealth and jobs.
Keywords: Sustainable development, system of production, Agriculture, Sahara, Algeria.
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 69
UTILIZATION OF CELLULOLYTIC ENZYMES TO IMPROVE MILK YIELD, MILK COMPOSITION, BLOOD SERUM PARAMETERS AND THE FEED EFFICIENCY AND ECONOMICAL EVALUATION OF LACTATING GOATS
A.M. Kholif1, Eman S.A. Farahat1, M.A. Hanafy2, S.M. Kholif1, R.R. EL-Sayed2
1Dairy Science Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt 2Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of cellulases supplementation on milk yield, milk composition, blood serum parameters and the Feed efficiency and economical evaluation by lactating Zaraibi goats. Nine lactating Zaraibi goats after 7 days of parturition were divided into three groups, three animals each, using 3x3 Latin square designs. The first group was fed 37.5% concentrate feed mixture (CFM), 12.5% date kernel and 50% berseem hay (control diet). The second group was fed control diet supplemented with Veta-Zyme Plus® at level 15 U/kg DM (T1). The third group was fed control diet supplemented with Asperozyme at level 45 U/Kg DM (T2). Milk yield (actual or FCM), milk fat yield, milk total solids (either as content or yield), milk solids not fat (either as content or yield), milk protein yield and milk lactose yield were significantly (P<0.05) increased for treated groups (Asperozym and Veta-Zyme Plus® (compared with the control group. Blood serum parameters were not affected by treatments, except total protein and albumin which significantly (P<0.05) increased for treated groups )Asperozym and Veta-Zyme Plus®) compared with the control. Diet supplemented with Asperozym (T2) is more economic and efficient for feeding lactating Zaraibi goats than these supplemented with Veta- Zyme Plus (T1) or control diet.
Keywords: Cellulases, lactating Zaraibi goats, milk, blood serum
70 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
THE BIFUNCTIONAL CATALASE-PHENOL OXIDASE (CATPO) FROM SCYTALIDIUM THERMOPHILUM: PROPERTIES AND PERSPECTIVES FOR ITS APPLICATIONS IN FOOD AND SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENT Zümrüt Begüm ÖGEL1, Betül SÖYLER2, Gülden KOÇLAR3 1; Prof.Dr., Konya Gıda ve Tarım Üniversitesi, Gıda Mühendisliği Bölümü, 2; Dr., Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi, Gıda Mühendisliği Bölümü, 3; Yrd.Doç.Dr., Bingöl Üniversitesi, Moleküler Biyoloji Bölümü
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Catalases are enzymes that have the important role of degrading hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) into water and oxygen. Hydrogen peroxide is an inevitable by-product of aerobic respiration and represents the most abundant reactive oxygen species (ROS). Hydrogen peroxide is also present in many industrial waste waters, and is used in the industry, e.g. For textiles and wood bleaching and cold pasteurisaton in the food industry. The removal of H2O2 can be achieved by microbial catalases from bacteria and fungi. Catalase from the thermophilic fungus Scytalidium thermophilum was isolated, cloned and characterized by our team, and was shown for the first time, to have phenol-oxidase activity, in the absence of added H2O2. The enzyme was named as CATPO (Catalase-Phenol Oxidase). CATPO prefers ortho- diphenolics as substrate and also shows stereoselectivity in the oxidation of (+)-catechin. The phenolic compounds are oxidised to yield mainly dimers, but trimers, tetramers and higher molecular weight oligomers were also observed. Ortho-diphenolic compounds are among the strongest antioxidants, thus, CATPO is suggested to have a possible role in the antioxidant mechanism of the fungus. Indeed, the phenol oxidation products of CATPO, have turned out to have up to 2.4 fold higher antioxidant capacities. These findings are important, and implicate that CATPO may be applied in a multitude of applications ranging from the removal of unwanted H2O2 and phenolics from wastewaters, to the generation of functional polyphenolics with higher antioxidant capacities for food and medical use.
Keywords: Catalase, phenol oxidase, phenolic compounds, oxidation, food phenolics
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 71
EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE ON EMBRYONIC AND LARVAL DEVELOPMENT OF EUROPEAN GREEN TOAD, (Bufo viridis, Laurenti, 1768)
1 1 Turani Blerta , Aliko Valbona
1Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The temperature is a determining factor for the development of the larvae in amphibians. The plasticity during metamorphosis is important especially in population of amphibian living in Mediterranean climate zones with high temperatures and relatively low precipitations, were the risk of pond desiccation is high. To study the effect of water temperature on the embryonal and larval development of European green toad, Bufo viridis, two batches of approximately 100±20 eggs (stage 14-16, Gosner) were raised in the laboratory at four different temperature regimes (30C, 170C, 200C and 250C), with 12:12 photoperiod. To follow the process of metamorphosis, three important key events were evaluated: budding of the hind limbs (stage 1), the formation of the posterior (stage 2) and posterior limbs (stage 3), and the reduction and disappearance of the tail (stage 4). Development time and stage were strongly affected by temperature variation. The results showed a lengthening of development time with decreasing temperatures and a better survival rate of B. viridis with high temperatures. Values of temperature of 190C-200C resulted to be optimal for larval development, while very low temperatures (t = 30C) and very high ones (t = 250C) impede strongly larval development. These results demonstrate that temperature is one of the most important climatic factors that strogly affects the embryonic and larval development of B. viridis in temporary environments.
Keywords: Toads, Bufo viridis, Development, Growth, Temperature
72 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
THE REFLECTIONS OF THE EGYPTIAN AGRICULTURAL AND ECONOMIC POLICIES ON PRODUCTION AND THE FEDDAN COSTS FOR THE WHEAT CROP
Prof. Ahmed Mohammad Ahmed Dr. Abdel Baky Musa Elshayeb Ass.Sahar Abdel Raheem Mohammad Abd Elwaha
Agriculture Faculty, Tanta University, Egypt
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT Wheat crop is one of the most important crop in Egypt where the imported from it is used to meet the lack in its production to face the consumption needs from it. So this research aims to shed light on the effect of the agricultural policies on production or costs for the wheat crop through achieving the secondary objectives in: 1-Studying the effect of the agricultural policy on the total productive costs items of the wheat crop. 2- Studying the effects of the followed agricultural policies on the outcome of the feddan of the wheat crop. 3-Studying the resulted effects of the followed agricultural policies on producing wheat by using the policy analysis Matrix [ P.A.M] Through it we calculate the economic outcomes and costs of the feddan to calculate the deals of effective protection and its rates and the standard factor to produce wheat. To achieve this aim, the study depends on the published and unpublished secondary data through the period [1986-2012] declared from the Ministry of Agriculture and the Economic Sector and the Central System for Public Statistics, besides the various references and researches and the scientific papers related to the topic of the study. This study reached to what follows. 1- It becomes clear from the records of production costs that the increase in the total cost resulted basically on the value of both the human, robot work and the rent among the rest of the items of the total cost of the crop which is the topic of this study. Whereas this rate advantage increased after the State had adopted the policy of the economic release [1986-1997] About 0,08 while the increase in the rate advantage reached during the complete release period [1998-2012] to 0.09 .The Study reached some recommendations by which we can activate the policy of the economic reform to raise the strategies of farming the cereal crops especially the wheat. Keywords: feddan cost, agricultural policy, Egypt
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 73
SUSTAINABILITY IN KONYA CLOSED BASIN AND WETLANDS
Muhittin Çelebi
Selçuk Üniversitesi Çumra MYO
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Sustainability of the land and water resources are indispensable for humanity. Despite the rich land resources of Konya Closed Basin, depending on the central Anatolian low and erratic rainfall regime has a limited capacity in terms of water resources. In the region, ongoing drought conditions, increasing urban and industry water needs, and over irrigation has led a significant reduction in the level of groundwater. This phenomenon threatens the sustainability of the agricultural potential and wildlife in wetlands. The purpose of the study is to introduce the problems in terms of sustainability farmland and the wetlands in Konya Closed Basin in the future and to discuss the ways to minimize of the problems. Significant declines were observed in groundwater levels up to 30 m because of the reasons such as insufficient and irregularity of precipitation, over water application on irrigation, the use of irrigation systems and methods with low - efficiency, increase in the cultivation area of crops that consume more water. In the study, rainfall data (1960-2011), scientific literature, the changes in the level of groundwater and the surveys with farmers have been evaluated. According to the survey, the farmers accept that they have over irrigation but have refused to give up the sugar beet cultivation because of its sales warranty and profitability. Surface irrigation system were established in 42% of irrigation area of 279 irrigation cooperatives in 29 provinces in Konya which has 32 provinces. 1203 x106 m3water could be saved, by transition to pressurized irrigation in 90% of irrigated area. Transfer of 550 x106 m3 water from the neighboring watersheds is possible economically. Furthermore, if additional area is not opened to irrigation, and 875 x106 m3 of water is saved by changing the cropping pattern and limited irrigation, it is calculated to ensure of irrigation without falling off the groundwater level in 920.000 hectares area that irrigated area in 2011. The water resources and wetlands will be preserved significantly in case of achieving these subjects mentioned above.
Keywords: Konya Closed Basin, land resources and wetlands, sustainability, climate change, water conservation
74 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
RISK PERCEPTION AND MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES IN DAIRY FARMING: A CASE OF ADANA PROVINCE OF TURKEY
Seyit Hayran, Aykut Gul
Agriculture Faculty, Cukurova Universiy Adana - Turkey
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
This study aims to determine and analyze farmers’ risk perceptions and risk management strategies in dairy farming. Data were obtained in 2014 (December) and 2015 (February and March) from face-to-face interviews of 96 dairy farmers in Yüregir and Saricam district of Adana province in Turkey. Factor analysis was used in data reduction to identify a small number of factors related to risk sources and risk strategies in this study. Then, multiple regression model was used to evaluate the influence of socio-economic characteristics and communication behavior on the farmers’ risk perceptions and risk management strategies using factor loadings. The results of this study show that the most important risk resource that the farmers' perceive is variability in feed prices and risk management strategy that the farmers' perceive is take precautions to prevent disease. The result of factor analysis showed that the risk scale consists of 8 factors explaining 70.24 % of total variance. The internal consistency coefficient Cronbach Alfa of the scale was 0.808 and KMO was 0.732.The risk management scale consists of 6 factors explaining 67.78 % of total variance. The internal consistency coefficient Cronbach Alfa of the scale was 0.775 and KMO was 0.746. According to the results perceptions were farmer-specific, a number of socio-economic variables and communication behavior were found to be related to risk and risk management. To improve risk management strategies is useful for farmers as well and might help them to avoid many risks and reduce losses.
Keywords: Risk, Risk Perception, Dairy Farming, Adana, Turkey
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 75
OVARIAN MORPHOLOGY OF AN AGRICULTURAL PEST, Melanogryllus desertus (PALLAS, 1771)
Özlem Çakici
Ege University, Science Faculty, Biology Department, Zoology Section, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Melanogryllus desertus, also known as black cricket, do damages to the plants by eating their tissues. When largely populated, they can cause substantial harms on plants (Lodos 1975). Melanogryllus desertus is belong to Gryllidae family. Ovaries of Gryllid species are classified as panoistic (Singh 2007). Aim of this study was to determine the ovary morphology of Melanogryllus desertus. Black crickets were cultured in Invertebrate Culture and Research Laboratory (temperature: 26±2 °C; relative humidity: 45±5 %; photoperiod: natural) at Ege University Campus, Bornova-Izmir. Ovaries were fixed in Bouin’s solution for 24 h, and stained with Harris Hematoxylin&Eosin. Oocytes at different stages of development are found in the ovary of M. desertus. Oocytes complete their developments through three main stages: pre-vitellogenic, vitellogenic and maturation. In previtellogenic stage, the oocytes are encircled by follicle cells and there are a few pinocytotic vesicles under oolemma. Yolk granules firstly appear just beneath the oolemma. As vitellogenesis proceed, they occupy the inside of the oocyte. Balbiani body (yolk nucleus) was detected around germinal vesicle (nucleus). In vitellogenic stage, lots of yolk granules were observed within the oocyte. In maturation stage, oocytes are filled with yolk granules, and oocytes enlarged. Also, it was determined in the ovary of M. desertus that some oocytes were resorbed by hypertrophied follicle cells. This study will be basis for more detailed works on the ovary morphology of M. desertus.
Keywords: Melanogryllus desertus, Gryllidae, Orthoptera, Ovary, Histology
76 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF THE GUT MORPHOLOGY OF AN AGRICULTURAL PEST, GRYLLUS BIMACULATUS
Özlem Çakıcı
Ege University, Science Faculty, Biology Department, Zoology Section, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
Correspondence author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Gryllus bimaculatus, also known as two spotted black cricket is harmful to plants. These crickets are less harmful in Turkey than in Pakistan and tropical countries (Lodos, 1975). This study was designed to determine gut morphology of Gryllus bimaculatus. Crickets were cultured in Invertebrate Culture and Research Laboratory (temperature: 26±2 °C; relative humidity: 45±5 %; photoperiod: natural) at Ege University Campus, Bornova-Izmir, Turkey. Gut samples were fixed in Bouin’s solution for 24 h and stained with Mayer’s Hematoxylin & Eosin. Gut is subdivided into foregut, midgut and hindgut. Foregut is composed of pharynx, esophagus, crop and proventriculus. Pharynx and esophagus are tubular in shape and have cubic epithelial cells arranged as a single layer. There are internally longitudinal muscles. Crop is a sac shaped part. It has cubic epithelial cells arranged as a single layer. There are chitin setae on the cuticle. In proventriculus, there are sclerotized appendices, sclerotized partitions and sclerotized lobes. Also, there are chitin setae on the cuticle layer. Midgut surrounded by two big gastric caeca has single layered columnar epithelium. Large secretory granules and peritrophic membrane were determined. Hindgut consists ileum, colon and rectum. Columnar epithelial cells with cuticle arranged as a single layer are present. While inner surface of ileum has finger-like invaginations, these are not present in colon. Rectum is the enlarged part and has rectal pads. Similar to fore- and midgut, hindgut parts are encircled by circular muscles. In general, gut morphology of Gryllus bimaculatus is similar to other Gryllidae species.
Key words: Gryllus bimaculatus, Gryllidae, Orthoptera, Gut, Histology
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 77
IS IT POSSIBLE TO HAVE “JAPAN SYNDROME” IN TURKISH AGRICULTURE?
Namık CEYHAN
Environmental Specialist, Konya Food and Agricultural University
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
There isn’t any country that makes future plans without considering the future of World environmental issues. While struggling with developmental issues, human beings should deal with the physical problems of the world. There are three factors that threaten future of the World; uncontrolled growth of population, irregular rate of economical growth, unequal income distributions. Densely populated nations became heavily dependent on grain imports due to the rapid industrialization. Three main factors behind this are; increase on the grain consumption as incomes rise, decrease on the available agricultural lands and grain production. Lester R. Brown, environmental analyst, named this change as “Japan Syndrome” due to the fact that Japan was the first case he observed this transformation as a developing country. Between 1955-1980, Japan was in rapid industrialization period. At the beginning of 1950s, Japan changed rapidly from being self-sufficient on grain production to grainimporting. In 1980s, country became importer of 70 percent of its grain consumption. Recently, there are serious issues on the field of nutrition and food in all over the World and also in Turkey. These issues result in the increase of attention on very interesting and pessimistic previsions. As a global problem, these issues will mostly effect poor and developing countries. It is inevitable that Turkey will also be affected as a developing country due to the different internal dynamics. When population of a country increases together with industrialization and modernization, industrial and accommodation areas take place of agricultural lands. Increase on the usage of motor vehicles results in the usage of agricultural lands in order to built roads and parking lots. Farmers, especially the small landowners, leave their agricultural lands and seek for other job options due to the increase on expenses of agricultural investment and decrease on the financial income. Moreover, they might have to immigrate to another countries to earn their lives. The nutrition and food problems that are seen in Turkey are influenced by two main reasons: Internal dynamic issues andglobal climate and environmental issues. Under the scope of this study, these issues will be considered “Turkey as a Developing Country” and the question whether Turkey will have the similar set of sequential events as Japan had during the industrialization period will be addressed.
Anahtar kelimeler: Japan Syndrome, industrialization, environment , agriculture, foodsafety
78 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
IS IT POSSIBLE TO HAVE SUSTAINABLE LAND MANAGEMENT?
Namık CEYHAN
Environmental Specialist, Konya Food and Agricultural University
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Lands are the most important resources for contiguous agricultural developments, main ecological functions and food safety. Lands cannot be renewed and there is no way of remediation for the land lost during the entire life of mankind. Investments on sustainable land management are cheaper than the expenses that will be done for future reconstitution needs. Any efforts done to the land is very important for continuous land-dependent governmental developments, food safety, nutrition, climate changes and future of ecosystem. Unsustainable land usage, inappropriate land management and land loss due to the social, financial and governmental issues are so serious and growing threats for the future. In order to have conservative agricultural land law, lands should be considered as natural treasures despite being used only as belongings. Moreover these natural treasures should be delicately cared and their importance on agricultural products should be more focused. Turkish Republic of Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock declared “Law of Soil Conservation and Land Use” numbered 5403 in order to preserve and regulate agricultural lands. Declaration of this law was very important attempt to conserve and provide sustainability of Turkish land. Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock is the most powerful governmental authority on legislation of the land usage for agricultural purpose. Ministry of Environment and Urban Planning, Ministry of Forest and Water Management, Ministry of Culture and Tourism, Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources, Ministry of Science, Industry and Technology, Ministry of Transport, Maritime and Communication, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of the Interior and also Governors and Municipalities of each cities are direct or indirect related with the land usage legislation. Since there are many governmental authorities on agricultural land use legislations, people dealing with the land sare usually more confused about the rules. Governmental, non-governmental, volunteer organizations and academic people are strictly working on land conservation and sustainability. However, our lands are still under serious danger of erosion, desertification, salinity, and decrease in organic and supportive materials, acidity, pollution and concretion due to the unsustainable land management. If we would like anything to be long lasting, we have to be aware of its importance and take care of its maintenance properly. In 2015, United Nations International Year of Soils, we all have to feel responsible for understanding problems of soils and seeking the solutions. In this study, how sustainable land management would be possible under current rules and legislation will be questioned.
Anahtar Kelimeler: land management, land use, sustainable land use
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 79
ADOPTION AND DIFFUSION OF SILAGE MAKING FROM GRASS IN INTERIOR COAST AREAS OF RİZE
Çağatay Yıldırım1, Hatice Türkten1, İsmet Boz2
1Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Tarım Ekonomisi Bölümü 2Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Tarım Ekonomisi Bölümü
Correspondence author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this research, Çamlıhemşin and Kalkandere in the town of Rize province of farmers towards the silage harvested grass is to demonstrate the attitudes and behaviors to adopt. Research, enterprises considering the number of cattle they have divided into 2 layers and stratified random sampling method with the results of the sampling carried out by operating 76 were interviewed. As a result, the plant and animal production on small plots of businesses were found to be carrying out small-scale businesses together. What was found in this study is about operating in severe labor shortages in animal feed and in which there is a lack of very basic technical knowledge. These problems were found to constitute a larger problem than others in small businesses. When considering the existing problems in the use of pasture and grassland located in the study area, social and economic sustainability of the firms surveyed are decreasing day by day. On this research, silage making from grass, the technology which is the main subject of this project must be considered as an innovation for Rize on the Eastern Black Sea Region since it has not been used in the region. The region must also be considered as a disadvantaged region in terms of grass drying because the limitations of sunny days during the grass harvest season. Silage making from grass in not common not only in the region but also in other regions of the country where animal husbandry is an intensive income source for farmers. The first crop is being remembered for this purpose is maize. Although in developed countries silage making from grass is a valuable input for animal husbandry, because of lack of research and extension work it has not been publicized and adopted by farmers. This innovation will bring many benefits to the Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey because of the availability of different grass varieties. On the other hand silage making from grass will ease the work of farmers and provide enormous amount of labor save. Animal husbandry in the region, the most important input to reduce the cost of fodder, they will make positive contributions to the sustainability of the company with a better quality of animal production.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Adoption, diffusion, silage, grass, sustainability, Rize
80 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
SERICULTURE IN ORGANIC AGRICULTURE AREAS IN TURKEY AND ITS CONTRIBUTION TO SUSTAINABILITY OF SECTOR
Berrin TAŞKAYA TOP1, İlkay UÇUM1
1 MFAL, Agricultural Economy and Policy Development Institute Directorate
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Sericulture in Turkey, far from industrial areas, mostly done on small scale in mountainous areas inconvenient for agriculture is a value added agricultural activity that contributes national economy. At the end of a such as a short production period of 35-40 days, providing additional income to farmers in places where there are no alternative sources of income is a very important economic activity for low level income farmers. On the other hand; sericulture has significant role on conservation of cultural heritage and genetic resources in Turkey. In addition to this, depending on it is labor intensive production, sericulture sector is very important in terms of rural development with creating new job opportunities and preventing immigration. But over the last 20 years wet cocoon production volume in Turkey has decreased by 90%. Thus, it is of importance that sustainability should be provided and production should be encouraged. Sericulture having organic production structure that forms a chain which conserves Turkey’s natural resources and nature. As a matter of fact, at low land villages where intensively agricultural spraying are done, due to pesticide contamination of mulberry trees used for breeding finalized in serious loss of silkworms and sericulture had to be banned. The leaves of mulberry trees used in breeding should be obtained in natural conditions and should be far away from chemical fertilizers and agricultural spraying. Hence sericulture is partially or fully organic agricultural activity. In this context; it is significantly important to provide sustainability to the sericulture sector and encourage production and dissemination of production as an auxiliary activity in the areas where agricultural chemicals and fertilizers are not used. As a result of providing an increase of production in the sector both large number of new jobs opportunities created and both as a result of the reduction of import will be made in silk significant foreign exchange savings. The purpose of this study is to evaluate current status of mulberry trees used in breeding silkworm in Turkey and to determine possibility and potential production in present organic agriculture areas. In this study, KOZABİRLİK and Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock records were used with the findings of previous research conducted on the subject.
Keywords: Sericulture, wet cocoon production, organic agriculture, organic sericulture
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 81
NEW TECHNOLOGIES TO REDUCE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF COAL- FIRED POWER PLANTS
Gülben Gülcan Pehlivanzade1, Sırrı Uyanık2
1Environmental Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey 2Energy Management Department, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, KTO Karatay University, Konya, Turkey
Correspondence author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Coal is the largest source of power globally and given its wide availability and relatively low cost, it is likely to remain so for the foreseeable future. The High-Efficiency, Low-Emissions Coal-Fired Power Generation is to generate the same amount of electricity, with a more efficient coal-fired unit which burns less fuel, emit less carbon, release less local air pollutants, consume less water and have a smaller carbon footprint. High-efficiency, low emissions (HELE) technologies in operation already. A range of advanced coal combustion technologies have been developed to improve the efficiency of coal-fired power generation approaching 50% or even higher. New, more efficient coal-fired combustion technologies reduce emissions of CO2, as well as pollutants such as NOx, SOx and particulates. Increases in the efficiency of electricity generation are essential in tackling climate change. A one percentage point improvement in the efficiency of a conventional pulverized coal combustion plant results in a 2-3% reduction in CO2 emissions. Moving the current average global efficiency rate of coal-fired power plants from 33-35% to 40-43% by deploying more advanced technology could cut two gigatonnes of CO2 emissions now, while allowing affordable energy for economic development and poverty reduction. In this study description and evaluation of high efficiency low emission coal fired power generation and comparison with conventional power generation technologies in terms of environmental impacts with special emphasize on emission levels, especially contribution to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions were studied. Additionally key actions required to keep 2⁰C global warming scenario and mitigation potential of high efficiency and low emission power generation towards a Sustainable Energy Future are also evaluated.
Keywords: Advanced coal combustion Technologies, high-efficiency- low-emission, tackling climate change, sustainable future
82 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
IDENTIFICATION OF WHEAT LANDRACES YIELD &SOME YIELD COMPONENTS COMBINING TOLERANCE TO DROUGHT
E. Özer1, B. Akın2, K. Şubası2, F. Özdemir3 and A. Morgounov2
1 Bahri Dağdaş International Agricultural Research Institute PK:125 Karatay/Konya/Turkey 2 CIMMYT-Ankara-TURKEY, 3 BDIARI-Konya-TURKEY
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Wheat is one of the most important crop in the World not only for human also for sustainable life. Wheat landrace is a source of developing new varieties of wheat for more resistant or higher yield potential. In 1930’s, Mirza Gokgol made an extensive survey for wheat in Turkey. After 1960’s modern wheat cultivars went to the farmer fields and Land Race’s (LR) remained only in remote and marginal lands. In 2011-2012 growing season 515 LR planted in Çumra district of Konya province. This LR collection is a part of a project which began in 2009 and covered more than 80 % of wheat growing areas of Turkey. This collection collected and received from Iran, Uzbekistan, Turkey Gene Bank & 3 provinces of Turkey (Erzurum, Karaman, Konya). They were planted as Pre Yield Trials (PYT) with the check cultivars (Karahan-99 & Gerek-79) to assess their yield & some yield components attributes at drought conditions. Mean Yield, Test Weight (TW) & Thousand Kernel Weight (TKW) is 1352,7 kg/ha 76,6 kg/L & 36,3 g respectively. 45 of LR determined higher grain yield, TKW & TW then mean. LR names and trial numbers are; Topbaş (5), Kırık (46, 62, 65, 70, 73, 82, 103, 104, 105, 107, 127, 129, 130), Kırık Bulk (110, 114, 126, 128), Beyaz Buğday (131, 135), Gödeli (142, 153), Akbuğday Bulk (181, 195), Akbuğday (189, 193, 195, 202, 204, 201), Göderedi (216, 223, 227), Sarıbuğday (253, 254, 255, 258, 278, 279), Buğday (286), Kılçıklı Buğday (303), Koca Buğday (307,341), Kunduru (381), Kılçıklı Buğday (410), Sar-101(411). These selected lines can be used in crossing programs to drought tolerance into modern cultivars.
Keywords: Land Race, Yield, Drought
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 83
RENEWABLE ENERGY AND RURAL WOMAN
Dilek Bostan Budak1, Ufuk Gültekin1, Fuat Budak1, Zeynep Zaimoğlu2
1 Dept. of Agricultural Economics, Cukurova University, Adana 1 Dept. of Environmental Engineering, Cukurova University, Adana
Correspondence author’s e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT
Energy is an important input for the provision of basic human needs and services, such as cooking, water supply, lighting, health services, communication and education. It is also an essential input for the enhancement of rural production and food security, through land preparation, fertilization, irrigation, agro-processing, conservation and transport. Turkey has substantial renewable energy resource potentials and they are the second largest domestic energy source after coal. Main renewable energy resources in Turkey are hydro, biomass, wind, geothermal and solar. Turkey has several advantages to utilize renewable energy sources, but the potential benefits of renewable sources are not fully realized. Investments in renewable energy sources will not only reduce energy costs to rural consumers but they will also create new job opportunities for rural populations. Rural areas in developing countries suffer significantly from energy scarcity. Energy, an essential need for every individual and for economic development, has always been particularly lacking in rural areas of developing countries. The income of a rural population depends largely on farming. Energy is used primarily for households (mainly cooking) and other domestic uses plus pumping water for agriculture. Most of the energy needs in rural areas are met with traditional biomass for household uses, and human and animal power for agriculture. Rural people use biomass such as wood or dung as their primary source of cooking and heating. Usually young girls and women carry cow dung and collect wood in the bushes and carry them back to home. This is a hard work and they spend too many hours in the bushes to collect wood. Women of developing countries can spend anywhere between two and nine hours each day in fuel collection and cooking chores. Instead of collecting wood, women can do other things and children can go to school to improve their quality of life. Biomass use not only takes too much of their time but also cause health problems for them. Burning biomass for fuel can also cause significant health risks for women and children. This paper discusses the role of rural women in the use of renewable energy in Turkey.
Keywords: Renewable energy, rural woman, sustainability, Turkey
84 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
USING VIA ELECTROCOAGULATION PROCESS OF ALTERNATIVE TREATMENT PROCESSES FOR TEXTILE WASTEWATER TREATMENT
Zinnur YILMAZ1, Fuat ÖZYONAR1, Bunyamin KARAGOZOGLU1
1Faculty of Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, TURKEY
Correspondence author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
With the increasment of the population, in paralel to textile industries are development wide in the world. Textile industrial wastewater is increasing and the treatment of this wastewater is a major problem in Turkey and in the World. For this industrial wastewater treatment is used for the various treatment methods such as physical, chemical, biological, advanced oxidation and electrochemical treatment. The mostly of conventionally used biological treatment methods are time consuming, want a large work area and not effective for wastewater containing toxic compounds. Advanced oxidation techniques are the high treatment cost and generally used to obtain a high degree of purity grade water. The chemical coagulation method is slow and generates a large amount of sludge. Electrocoagulation treatment method recently has gained attention as environmental compatibility and due to its versatility are potential methods for treatment of industrial wastewater. Electrocoagulation process compared to chemical coagulation process, which is preferred, has some advantages. This method of metal electrodes immersed in the waste water, which causes dissolution of the electrode plates are used to direct electric current. The aim of this study, for the removal of dyes in textile wastewater of electrocoagulation process by combining with alternative treatment methods have been investigated.
Keywords: Electrocoagulation process, textile wastewater, color removal
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 85
İKLİM DEĞİŞİKLİĞİNİN KONYA İLİ ARICILIĞI AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Pınar Öztürk1, Gökhan Akdeniz1
1Arıcılık Araştırma İstasyonu Müdürlüğü, Ordu-Ulubey Karayolu, 12. Km Dedeli Kampüsü, PK. Altınordu- ORDU
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ÖZET
Konya 2.617.908 ha tarım arazisi ile Türkiye tarım arazisinin %10’nu kaplayan çok önemli bir tarım şehridir. Konya yöresinin en önemli sorunlarından biri monokültür tarımdan dolayı sınırlı sayıdaki bitki türü ile tarım yapılmasıdır. Bölgede alternatif bitki türleri tarımının gelişmesine ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Konya ilinde tarla ve nadas alanları Türkiye genelinden fazla iken, meyve, bağ ve sebze üretim alanları ülke ortalamalarının oldukça altındadır. Bunun da en önemli sebebi iklimdir. Zira Konya ili ülkemizin en az yağış alan bölgesindedir. Konya, Türkiye’de; toplam tarım alanı içerisinde buğday, şekerpancarı, kuru fasulye, havuç ile tavuk yumurtası üretiminde 1. sırada yer almaktadır. Türkiye toplam meyve yetiştiriciliği alanının %5,51’inde elma yetiştiriciliği yapılmakta iken, Konya’da bu oran %30,87’ dir. Kiraz, Konya’da yetiştirilen önemli bir meyve olup, kiraz yetiştiriciliği için ayrılan alanın oranı Türkiye’de %2,12 iken Konya’da %19,04’tür. Havuç, elma, kiraz yabancı döllenmeye ihtiyaç duymakta olup bunun için bal arısına gereksinim duyulmaktadır. Türkiye’nin en geniş ili ve arıcılık için gerekli ekolojik, çevre şartlarına haiz olmasına rağmen, Konya’nın Türkiye bal üretimine katkısı düşüktür. Bu nedenle, Konya’nın arıcılık ve bal üretimine yönelik yeni yatırımlara önemli düzeyde ihtiyacı bulunmaktadır. Atmosferdeki sera gazı birikimlerinin artışına bağlı olarak önümüzdeki on yıllarda gerçekleşebilecek bir iklim değişikliğinin, Türkiye'de sebep olabileceği çevresel ve sosyoekonomik etkiler arasında tarımsal üretim potansiyelinin değişmesi ile iklim kuşaklarındaki kaymaya uyum gösteremeyen fauna ve floranın yok olacağı sayılabilir. Yani iklim değişikliği bitkileri, onlardan nektar ve polen toplayan bal arılarını hem uzun hem de kısa vadede önemli derecede etkileyecektir. İklim değişikliğinin arıcılık üzerine olumsuz etkileri Konya ili örneğinden yola çıkılarak ortaya konmaya çalışıldı. İklim değişikliğinin hem bitkisel hem de hayvansal üretime olumsuz etkileri zaman içerisinde ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bal arısının konfor zonu (21-35 C°) dışındaki sıcaklıklar, arının yaşamasını zorlaştırıp onu hastalıklara karşı predispoze hale de getirebilmektedir. Bu durum kısa vadede hem polinasyon ile zirai ürünlerin üretilmesine hem de arıcıların karlılığını etkilemektedir. Uzun vadede ise insanlığın kıtlık ile baş başa kalmasına sebep olabilecektir. Ülkemizdeki yetkili mercilerin insan kaynaklı sera gazı salınımlarının oluşturduğu tehlikeler için acil ve köklü önlemler alması hayatidir.
Anahtar kelimeler: Konya, iklim değişikliği, arı, polinasyon
86 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
A STRATEGY FOR TRAINING EXTENSION EXPERT FOR BEEKEEPING IN TURKEY
Ahmet Haşim KESKİN
Gıda Tarım ve Hayvancılık Bakanlığı Karaman İl Müdürlüğü –Karaman -Turkey
Correspondence author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Honey bees need human care since they have been domesticated, especially in the last couple of centuries. Agriculture deals with their breeding whereas veterinary is interested in their health. Beekeeping plays an essential role in a healthy and secure food and enviromental sustainability. Beekepers aim at increasing their profits. Therefore, they adopt the most modern technics. New scientific researchers are the main sources of such new technics. Common problems in beekeeping are mainly about the health of honey bees. The collapse of colonies is still a secret in lots of regions around the world. Especially the field of veterinary follows every innovation about beekeeping. Thus veterinarians and agricultural engineers use this in the care and breeding of honey bees. Turkey has very strong animal health legislation. Every veterinarian staff has a broad knowledge about cows, sheep, goats, or poultry. However, Turkey has limited veterinary personnel in apiculture. The major reason for that is income. The care of bees is difficult. The income level of beekeepers in Turkey is especially very low. In Turkey, every beekeeper has a membership in a non-government organization (NGO) as Beekeepers Association. For example, this is an advantage for beekeepers so that innovations and improvements can spread. Turkish beekeepers have a powerful interaction and communication network among themselves. In this study, for a more competitive and sustainable beekeeping sector for years to come, the proposals below are presented. Compete and for years to come. -Each problem in a different region should be determined by the collaborative work of a beekeeper and an extentioner.- Innovative beekeepers should be trained by experts.-The amount of income of agricultural and veterinary experts of beekeeping should be increased in Turkey. In conclusion, The Ministry of Turkish Food, Agricultural and Livestock has wide and effective support policy. The ministry can increase the support offered for beekeeper advisors. Likewise, a honey bee is crucial for plants. Unfortunately, plant manufacturers in Turkey have not been able to realize pollination benefit. One third of what we eat is produced by the pollination of honey bees. The most important apiculture commodity in Turkey is honey. Pollen, propolis, and other goods have recently gained value. The number of bee hives is more in some cities of Turkey such as Mugla and Ordu that are very convenient for extension application.
Keywords: Turkey, honey bee, extension, advisor, support
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 87
A SUSTAINABLE MODEL FOR CONSERVATION AND UTILIZATION OF NATIVE CHICKEN GENOTYPES OF TURKEY
Demir Özdemir1, Muhammed Ernur Akıner1
1Akdeniz University, Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Campus, 07058, Antalya, Turkey
Corresponding author’s email: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Increased global use of highly productive breeds of farm animals has been associated with a loss of genetic diversity in most species especially in local poultry species in most developing countries around the world. In developing countries, the effects of genetic loss have been much more severe than in developed countries. Similarly in Turkey, with its increasing urbanization, the contribution of commercial breeds to overall poultry meat and egg consumption is growing ever more rapidly. This has triggered the use of commercial hybrids and caused genetic loss in Turkish local poultry species and breeds thus recently only two registered Turkish chicken breeds are conserved in closed flocks by ministry. It is known that conservation of poultry breeds plays an important role in safeguarding farm animal biodiversity. Current conservation strategy on these two local chicken breeds has some deficiencies and needs to be update. In this context, this study has aimed to put out a sustainable conservation model for local chicken genotypes to contribute to future plans for conservation of local poultry resources in Turkey.
Keywords: Sustainable conservation, valorization, local chicken breeds, genetic erosion, biodiversity
88 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE AGRICULTURAL MANURE NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT
Muhammed Ernur AKINER1, Demir ÖZDEMİR1
1Akdeniz University, Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Campus, 07058, Antalya, Turkey
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
An agricultural manure nutrient management requires multiple components to maintain adequate fertility for crop growth and development while minimizing soil and water quality impacts. The major threat against the water quality is an eutrophication. It is simply the overgrowth of an algae, cyanobacteria or phytoplankton. When these things decompose they consume the oxygen in water body. A well designed soil sampling plan including proper soil testing interpretations along with manure sampling, manure nutrient analysis, equipment calibration, appropriate application rates, timing, and application methods are necessary components of the manure nutrient management. Implementing these components allows manure to be recognized and used as a credible nutrient resource, potentially reducing input costs and minimizing environmental impacts. Necessary measures against the excessive feed of the water bodies by the manure nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were dealt with. This research also covers the efficient usage of the poultry litter in agricultural practices.
Keywords: Agriculture, eutrophication, manure nutrient management, poultry litter, water quality
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 89
γ-IRRADIATED SORREL SEEDS (Hibscus sabdariffa): FUNCTIONAL AND SOME CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
T.A.Sanni1, E.M.Ogunbusola1
1Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Oye, Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
Corresponding author’s e-mail [email protected], [email protected]
ABSTRACT
This work evaluated the quality of sorrel seeds as a function of gamma irradiation dose (0, 2.5, 5, 10, and 20) kGy so as to determine the dose level causing minimal undesirable changes to sorrel seed flour. Proximate compositions and Functional properties: Water holding capacity (WHC), oil holding capacity (OHC), foaming capacity (FC), emulsification stability (ES) and protein solubility (PS) of the irradiated sorrel seed flours were determined using standard methods. The results showed that irradiation decreased crude protein and crude lipids of the sorrel seed flours significantly while the ash content and the crude fiber remained unaffected. Water and oil holding capacities and stabilities of the sorrel seed flours are relatively stable to gamma irradiation while there was significant reduction in emulsion stability at higher gamma irradiation doses.
Keywords: Sorrel seeds, Gamma Irradiation, Functional Properties, Colour, Hue, Proximate composition
90 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
COMPARISON OF POTENTIOMETRIC AND SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHODS FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF EXTRACELLULAR ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE ACTIVITIES IN SOIL
Vildan ERCI1, Fatih ERCI2, Emrah TORLAK3, Ibrahim ISILDAK4, Ridvan KIZILKAYA5
1Selcuk University, Faculty of Agriculture Engineering, Department of Soil Science and Nutrition, Konya, Turkey 2Necmettin Erbakan University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biotechnology, Konya, Turkey 3Necmettin Erbakan University, Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular biology and Genetics, Konya, Turkey 4Yildiz Technical University, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Davutpasa Campus, 34210 Esenler, Istanbul 5Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Agriculture Engineering, Department of Soil Science and Nutrition, Samsun, Turkey
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The focus of much of the soil enzyme research has been to develop methodologies for the measurement of enzyme activities in soil. The objective of this study was to evaluate spectrophotometric and potentiometric measurement systems to determine alkaline phosphatase activities in the extracts of the soil samples obtained by same extraction method. Fabrication of phosphate selective microelectrode was achieved for the measurement of phosphate in low volume extraction environment. However, in the study, 10 ml of extraction solution were used for 5 g of soil. We found that the electrodes have capability of giving highly reproducible results under the low volume extraction conditions. From the measurement statistics analysis, the alkaline phosphatase activities determined by the potentiometric method was found in strong relevance with the alkaline phosphatase activities determined by the spectrophotometric method (P<0,01). Accordingly, positive correlations were also found between alkaline phosphatase activity and extractable P content.
Keywords: spectrophotometric methods, alkaline phosphatase, soil enzyme
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 91
POTENTIOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF EXTRACELLULAR UREASE ACTIVITIES IN EXTRACTS OF SOIL SAMPLES
Vildan Erci1, Fatih Erci2, Ridvan Kizilkaya3, Ibrahim Isildak4
1Selcuk University, Faculty of Agriculture Engineering, Department of Soil Science and Nutrition, Konya, Turkey 2Necmettin Erbakan University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biotechnology, Konya, Turkey 3Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Agriculture Engineering, Department of Soil Science and Nutrition, Samsun, Turkey 4Yildiz Technical University, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Davutpasa Campus, 34210 Esenler, Istanbul
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
In the present study, the determination of urease activities in the extracts of the soil samples received from the different cities of Turkey were described using potentiometric method. The results obtained were compared with spectrophotometric method. 26 soil samples having diversity in physical and chemical properties were used. General physical and chemical properties of soil samples have also been analyzed. Ammonium selective microelectrodes were prepared and used for the potentiometric measurement of ammonium within the scope of this work. Potentiometric performance of the electrode used was tested using a computer controlled potentiometric system. It was determined that the ammonium-selective electrode gave highly reproducible results under the stagnant environment conditions. According to the results obtained at the end of the study, the urease activity determined by spectrophotometric method was found between 11,98-33,14 (mean 22,68) µg nitrogen g-1 dry soil, while the urease activity determined by potentiometric method was found between 12,17 -33,90 (mean 23,51) µg nitrogen g-1 dry soil. Also, positive correlations were found between total nitrogen and soil organic matter.
Keywords: urease activities, potentiometric method, spectrophotometric method
92 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
APPLICATION OF GASEOUS OZONE AGAINST PAENIBACILLUS LARVAE SPORES ON HIVE MATERIALS
Emrah Torlak1,, Mehmet Kürşat Işık2
1Necmettin Erbakan University, Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 42090, Konya, Turkey 2Food and Agriculture University, Strategic R&D Center, 42090, Konya, Turkey
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Paenibacillus larvae is the etiological agent of American Foulbrood (AFB), a severe bacterial disease of honey bee brood (Apis mellifera). P. larvae spores can survive in the environment for an extended period of time, and are resistant to a wide-variety of treatments such as heat, desiccation and chemicals. In this study, the efficacy of gaseous ozone in inactivating the P. larvae spores on wooden and plastic hive materials was investigated. Pinewood and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) sticks, representative hive materials, were inoculated with a spore cocktail of three strains of P. larvae. Inoculated sticks were treated with two different constant concentrations of gaseous ozone (9.8 and 17.1 mg/L). Ozonation at 17.1 mg/L for 120 min yielded over the 4 log reduction in the counts of spores on PVC sticks. Whereas, reduction of 2.3 log was obtained on pinewood sticks at the same experimental conditions. Our results suggest that gaseous ozone treatment a promising candidate for the sterilization of plastic hives contaminated with P. larvae spores.
Keywords: Paenibacillus larvae, bacterial disease, Ozonation
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 93
BIOREFINERIES BASED ON LIGNOCELLULOSIC AGRICULTURAL WASTES
Erinç Bahçegül1, Necati Özkan2, Ufuk Bölükbaşı3
1 Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Konya Food and Agriculture University, Konya/Turkey 2Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Middle East Technical University, Ankara/Turkey 3Department of Chemical Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara/Turkey
Correspondence author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The biorefinery context is focused on the utilization of renewable agricultural raw materials for the production of fuels, materials and an extensive variety of chemicals. These renewable products can replace their counterparts currently produced from non-renewable fossil based resources with the ultimate goal being to build a sustainable future. As opposed to the first generation starch based biorefineries, new generation biorefineries focus on the utilization of lignocellulosic agricultural wastes. This difference is of prime importance, since it eliminates the much-debated “food vs. fuel” competition. Various lignocellulosic agricultural wastes, including the cobs and stalks of numerous plants, can serve as cheap raw materials in a given lignocellulosic biorefinery scenario for the production of fuels, polymeric materials and a large variety of chemicals. Just like the case in a conventional refinery, a crucial aspect of a biorefinery is the co-production of multiple products in order to achieve the desired economical feasibility. In this sense, the co-production of sugars and biodegradable polymeric materials, which are produced from the cellulosic and hemicellulosic fractions of a lignocellulosic agricultural waste, respectively, appears as a promising approach. The influence of various biomass pretreatment and polymer extraction process parameters on the glucose and hemicellulose based polymeric material production is evaluated in this context.
Keywords: agricultural wastes, biorefineries, lignocellulosic
94 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
THE COMPARISON OF PEST MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND COMMUNICATION NETWORKS FOR ORGANIC AND CONVENTIONAL HAZELNUT PRODUCERS IN SAMSUN PROVINCE OF TURKEY
Kürşat Demiryürek1 , Mehmet Aydoğan2 and Nur İlkay Abacı1
1Ondokuz Mayıs University (OMÜ), Faculty of Agriculture and Department of Agricultural Economics, Samsun 2Ministry of Food , Agriculture and Livestock (MFAL), Karadeniz Research Institute, Samsun, Turkey
Correspondence author’s e-mail: [email protected] ; [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The main aim of this study is to compare the pest management related information sources used by organic and conventional hazelnut producers in Terme and Çarşamba district of Samsun province, Turkey. This study also presents the communication networks for both groups of producers. The main data were collected with surveys from organic and conventional hazelnut growers in Çamlıca, Yüksekyayla and Ağcagüney villages and the interviews were also conducted with key informants in the network. The socio-economic characteristics of organic and conventional hazelnut growers were analyzed with descriptive statistics; the use of different pest management strategies (i.e. pesticide and plant protection methods) and attitudes towards pesticide use were analyzed with Knowledge, Attitudes and Practice (KAP) approach; their current communication networks were analyzed and compared with Social Network Analysis (SNA). According to the results of the study, the organic hazelnut growers’ the social security status, the land size; hazelnut sale price, agricultural organization membership, labor needs, status of agricultural insurance and utilization of agricultural supports were higher than that of conventional hazelnut producers. The organic hazelnut producers cannot used chemical pesticides instead they used different organic pest management strategies such as collecting and burning pests, pest traps, organic perpetrates, cultural treatments and mechanical weed control. On the other hand, the conventional hazelnut growers mainly used chemical pesticides bought from local dealers and chambers of agriculture. The attitudes and behavior of organic hazelnut growers towards using all kinds of organic pest control methods were more positive than that of conventional hazelnut growers who generally prefer to use chemicals. The informal information sources for both organic and conventional hazelnut growers were mainly used and that were leader farmer who were also organic growers. It was identified that the institutional or formal information sources supporting both groups of hazelnut growers were limited and seldom used. They were public institutions’ staff such as MFAL extension workers and university researchers and local private agricultural advisors. The organic producers shared their experiences and local knowledge with themselves. However, their local knowledge should have been supported with scientific information.
Keywords: information systems, communication networks, Social Network Analysis, organic hazelnut, pesticides
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 95
IN VITRO INHIBITORY EFFECT of SOME PLANT EXTRACTS AGAINST Fusarium culmorum (W.G. Smith) CAUSAL AGENT of FOOT and ROOT ROT DISEASE on WHEAT
Gül İmriz1, Fatih Özdemir1, Murat Nadi Taş1, Eyüp Başer1, İlker Topal1, Birol Ercan1, Mehmet Sait Karaca1
1Bahri Dağdaş International Agricultural Research Instittute, Konya/Turkey
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Investigations on alternative control methods to chemicals including usage of plant extract for plant fungal disease take important place in current researches. Plant extracts are generally deemed to be less hazardous than synthetic compounds and could be alternative antifungal treatments.
In this study, the purpose was screening of some plant extracts against Fusarium culmorum causing foot and root rot on different small-grain cereals, in particular wheat and barley. In total 6 plant species including levander (Lavandula angustifolia), common mullein (Verbascum thapsus), common sorrel (Rumex acetosa), wood avens (Geum urbanum), poison hemlock (Conium maculatum), henbane (Hyoscyamus niger) consisted the materials in the study. The antifungal effects of three different concentrations (20%, 40%, and 80%) of each extracted plant, obtained from dried plant parts in methanol, were evaluated on growth of F. culmorum by dual test technic on PDA (Potato Dextrose Agar).
The maximum in vitro inhibitory effectiveness was obtained from common mullein (Verbascum thapsus) at concentrations of 80% and 40%, while no repressive activity exhibited by other plant extracts on pathogen growth on PDA.
Keywords: plant extracts, Fusarium culmorum, in vitro, fungistatic activity
96 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
AGRICULTURAL MECHANIZATION CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CARROT CULTIVATION FARMS IN ANKARA
Sedat YOKUŞ1, Metin TAN2, Nazan İLGÜNOĞLU2, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ufuk KARADAVUT3, Prof. Dr. Cevat AYDIN4
Soil, Water and Deserting Control Research Institute KONYA / TURKEY1 Soil, Fertilizer and Water Resources Central Research Institute ANKARA / TURKEY2 Ahi Evran University The Faculty of Agriculture Deparmant of Animal Science KIRŞEHİR / TURKEY3 Selcuk University The Faculty of Agriculture Deparmant of Agricultural Machinery and Technologies Engineering - KONYA / TURKEY4 [email protected]
ABSTRACT This research has been conducted in agricultural enterprises farm of 110.005 tonnes of carrot in Turkey were grown in Ankara. In this study, total of 45 surveys has been conducted in Beypazarı county in Ankara made intensive cultivation of carrot. The properties of agricultural mechanization (number of tractors, resource of agricultural equipment and machinery, the avarege power of tractor, number of tractors per farm, power of tractor per unit cultivated agricultural area, number of tractors per 1000 ha cultivated agricultural area, quantity of cultivated agricultural area per a tractor, number of agricultural equipment and machinery per a tractor) have been attempted to determine.
Keywords: Carrot, Agricultural mechanization, Agricultural mechanization characteristics, Ankara, Turkey.
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 97
RISK COMMUNICATION IN MILK CONSUMPTION IN ADANA
Tuğçe Uğur1, Dilek Bostan Budak1
1Çukurova University, Agricultural Faculty, Adana
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
In this study, it is aimed to identify the risks and main information sources about risks in milk consumption. To reach this goal 384 people were selected randomly to conduct face to face survey in Adana, Turkey. More than half of the participants (%53.4) were female and 34.9% had a high school degree. Mother was the main person to purchase family foods. Average montly milk consumption was 16 kg. Milk has been consumed mainly as a family product such as yogurt and ayran. Only 9% of participants buy milk as a main product for their children nutrition. Majority of people trust doctors and scientists about risks in milk and milk products. Unfortunately, 18% of participants did not complain anywhere when they had problems about their purchased milk. Only 6% of them had used “ALO 174” to inform the Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock about problems their purchased milk. Mass media has an important role to provide information about food safety. For this reason, they should provide true, unbiased and timely information.
Keywords: Milk, risk, risk communication, Adana
1 Research Ass., Faculty of Agriculture, Cukurova University, Adana
98 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
TOPOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI INFECTION IN STOMACH AND GASTRIC MUCOSAL CHANGES WITH CANCER TENDENCY
Kopaçi (Selimi) Ermela1, Rexha Tefta2, Lika Mirela2, Ibrahimi Eliana2
1 Farmatech sh.p.k, Rruga Barrikadave, pallati Galeria e Tiranës 2Tirana University, Faculty of Natyral Sciences, Biology Department, Bulevardi“Zog I“, Tirana, Albania
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Stomach is a bag-shaped extention of gastrointestinal tract, which follows esophagus in the upper part and continues to duodenum in the lower part. Stomach is divided into 5 regions: cardia, fundus, corpus, antrum and pylorus. Helicobacter pylori is a gram negative microaerophilic bacteria, spiral shaped, with dimensions 2,5-4µm. This bacteria has the abilitty to survive, by reducing the acidity and changing the gastric environment through some mechanisms. More than 85% of individuals infected by Helicobacter pylori do not have symptoms of this infection. Different ways suggest that Helicobacter pylori infection, increases the risk of developing gastric cancer. This process is preceded by persistence for a long time of this infection and gastric mucosa inflamation.we aimed to show: The possible relation between Helicobacter pylori infection and its distribuiton in stomach regions and the possible relation between intestinal metaplasia, displasia and gastric adenocarcinoma in stomach regions.Material and methods: The study is retrospective. By period of time 2010- 2013, 200 individuals are taken to this study. To diagnose the inflamatory changes of gastric mucosa and the presence of Helicobacter pylori, invasive method of gastroscopy is used. The zones where biopsies are taken are cardia, antrum, corpus, fundus and pylorus. The taken biopsy is stained by modified Giemsa stain method. Statistic analyses is made by test χ2 (Pearson). Results: In patients of our study, the general positivity for Helicobacter pylori was 61,4%, with 148 patients with positive status for Helicobacter pylori and 93 individuals with negative status. Helicobacter pylori infection is present in two areas of stomach respectively in antrum in 65.6% of samples individuals, and in corpus in 57.8% of the samples individuals. Presence of Helicobacter pylori in our sample is predominantly in antrum. This conclusion is statistically significant acoording to χ2(Pears) test χ2 = 27,01; p<0,05). This study resulted in a reliable relation between Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric mucosal changes that lead to intestinal metaplasia, displasia and adenocarcinoma. (χ2 = 36,39; p<0,0005). It resulted a non reliable relation between grades of gastric mucosal changes and stomach regions.(χ2 = 18.04; p=0.114).Conclusion:Helicobacter pylori infection has a reliable relation with stomach region and gastric mucosal changes.
Keywords: Helicobacter pylori, stomach, gastric mucosal changes
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 99
A STUDY TO THE RELATION BETWEEN HELICOBACTER PYLORI INFECTION AND GASTRIC INFLAMMATION
Kopaçi (Selimi) Ermela1, Rexha Tefta2, Lika Mirela2, Ibrahimi Eliana2
1 Farmatech sh.p.k, Rruga Barrikadave, pallati Galeria e Tiranës 2Tirana University, Faculty of Natyral Sciences, Biology Department, Bulevardi“Zog I“, Tirana,Albania
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Helicobacter pylori is a spiral shaped bacterium propelled by flagella that lives in the stomachs and small intestine of an estimated 50% of the world’s population. Helicobacter pylori is adapted to survive in an acidic gastric environment. This bacterium colonizes the human gastric epithelium surface inducing mucosal inflammation. Two main mechanisms by which Helicobacter pylori may produce gastric inflammation are: by interacting with surface epithelial cells, causing direct cell damage or the liberation of epithelial-derived pro inflammatory mediators, or stimulating host nonspecific and specific immune responses involving the liberation of cytokine messengers. Our aim was to show the possible relation between the Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric inflammation. Material and Methods: In this retrospective study, by period of time 2010-2013, 200 individuals, who submitted at a private hospital center, are taken to this study. To diagnose the inflammatory changes of gastric mucosa and the presence of Helicobacter pylori, it is used the invasive method of endoscopy. The zones where biopsies are taken are cardia, antrum, corpus, fundus and pylorus. The taken biopsy is stained by the modified Giemsa stain and Hematoxylin and Eosin stain methods. According to the grade of inflammation, in this study we have cases with light, mild and severe inflammation. Results: In our sample with 200 individuals, there are 66,5% of samples individuals with gastric inflammation. The relation between Helicobacter pylori and gastric inflammation resulted to be true (χ2 =49,197; p<0,0005), 71 individes (53,4%) from 133 individes , had gastric inflammation and were infected by Helicobacter pylori. The relation between gastric inflammation and gastric topography resulted statistically non- significant (χ2 = 8,830; p=0.717). Conclusion: Helicobacter pylori infection may play an important role in gastric inflammation.
Keywords: Helicobacter pylori, gastric inflammation, gastric topography
100 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
COMPOST TECHNIQUES OF OLIVE MILL BY PRODUCT (OLIVE POMACE) AND REUSE AS ORGANIC FERTILIZER
Serap Soyergin
Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Dep. Of Organic Agriculture, Çanakkale
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Table olive is widely grown in the Marmara region. Some low quality olives are used for olive oil by double phase’s continuo systems. After the oil proses olive mill by product is obtained and generally used that material for the fuel. The aim of this study is to reuse olive mill pomace as organic fertilizer after composting proses. In this work, five different combinations of residues (pomace, pomace + poultry manure + straw, pomace + farmyard manure + straw, pomace + poultry manure + corncob, pomace + farmyard manure + corncob) were composted in 1 ton piles aerated by turnings, using technology available to any small community of oil producers. Some physical and chemical analysis were done periodically during the composting. During long processes (8–10 months), steady decreases of C/N ratio and oil, and increases in the concentrations of nutrients were observed. Final compost properties were found as follows; 80-88 % germination index, 26.5-29.6 humification index, 872-914 g kg-1 organic matter content.
Keywords: Olive pomace, composting, organic fertilizer
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 101
PERSONALITY TRAITS FOR THE MAJORITY OF PADDY FARMERS, IN MADA, KEDAH, MALAYSIA
Salim Hassan1, Siti Nur Syarafina Abdullah1
1Faculty of Agriculture, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor-Malesia
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study is to describe the traits for the majority of paddy farmers; to determine the correlation between the traits for the majority of paddy farmers with the performance; and to identify the strengths of the traits correlation with the performance for the majority of paddy farmers. The study has been conducted in one of Malaysia's paddy granaries, MADA. A total of 146 farmers, with the range of production yield of 4 to 6 metric tons per hectare were randomly selected as respondents. All data were analyzed by using SPSS version 21.0, with the analysis of descriptive, correlation and regression. The study found seven (7) traits of the majority paddy farmers such as: willingness to take risks, information seekers, problem solving ability, willingness to spend on capital, extensive network of information, dare to make decisions, and highly disciplined. All these traits have positive correlation with the performance. The strength of traits correlation for the majority of paddy farmers with varied performance, Highly disciplined was the personality trait that has strong and significant correlation with the performance. While the other traits such as, information seekers, willingness to spend capital, extensive network of information and dare to make decisions have moderate correlations with the performance. The appropriate development programs are required to be implemented in order to enhance the ability for the majority of paddy farmers so that they can contribute to the improved performance results.
Keywords: Personality traits; paddy farmers, mada
102 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
FOOD SECURITY AND FAMILY PLANNING IN OYO STATE, NIGERIA
Adepoju, A. A.
Department of Agric. Economics, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
This study affirms the effect of family planning on rural household food security. The major thrust of this research is to profile the identified socio-economic characteristics of respondents, various family planning methods used, benefit of use and factors influencing household food security in the study area. The research was carried out in 4 Local Government areas (LGAs) of Oyo state, where five communities each were selected at random from the LGAs. A total of 272 households were sampled from the 20 communities. Structured questionnaires were used in gathering the information needed from the respondents. Both descriptive and multinomial logit regression were used to analyse data collected. The findings revealed that 64.4% of the respondents were female, mean age was 40years; about 80% of them were married most of the them had formal education with average 10years spent in school The result also revealed that that most of the respondents adopt artificial method of family planning. The multinomial logit result shows that sex, marital status of respondent, number of children; primary occupation, traditional method, natural method and artificial method of family planning are the factors influencing household food security status. It was recommended that rural household should be enlightened on the advantages of the use of family planning to improve their household nutritional intake level as well as standard of living.
Keywords: food security, rural household, family planning, multinomial logit
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 103
FAMILY FARMING IN LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION
Umut AYDIN
1Boğaziçi University, Present and Internaional Relations, Departmen of Political Science, İstanbul, TURKEY
Corresponding author’s e-mail:[email protected]
ABSTRACT
Livestock products are the most important thing by means of ensuring balanced diets of the community both in our country and in the world; it has also very important place on the subjects such as food supply, protecting rural areas and biodiversity, increasing life standards of community. The source of income of the most of rural areas based on agriculture both in our country and also in the world and in general these agricultural enterprises are small and medium sized family enterprises. Although it has made progress recently in our country, it is still %40 of small ruminant husbandry farms have below 50 animals and %55 of cattle husbandry farms consist between 1 and 5 animals per farm. Family farming is an activity connected agriculture by a family and it is the most effective and common branch of agriculture both in developing and developed countries. Family farming has a quite important place due to the many benefits such as protecting biodiversity, providing balanced diet of people, food safety, boosting the local economies. By supporting this production branch, it can be ensured positive contributions to our country’s livestock production that experiences some issues such as cooperatives, lack of know-how and specializing.
Keywords: Livestock products, family farming, husbandry farms
104 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
DIFFUSION AND ADOPTION OF SOME NEW FERTILIZER TECHNOLOGY BETWEEN GROWERS OF THREE VILLAGES IN QALUBEIA GOVERNORATE
Said Abbas Rashad1
1Faculty of Agriculture University of Benha-Egypt
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
This research aimed mainly to determined adoption and diffusion of some new technology in low soluble (inthabien) nitrogenous fertilizers, some bio-nutantes (nitrogen) and formulated organic manure (compost) among investigated grower in some villages of Qalubiea Governorate through realizing the following roles: Determination of the level of diffusion and adoption of these new technology between grower and determination of the time intervals concerned with diffusion of these fertilizing technology, Also, knowing the rang of diffusion of these new technology between rulers. In addition, knowing the differences with facing grower limiting the diffusion of these technologies. The obtained data were collected though the questioners of a random sample by direct investigation. About 240 growers from villages (Marsafa – Benha district), (Sendun – Qalub district) and Met-Kanana Touck district) Qalubiea Governorate through the 1st three months of 2014 season. The obtained data were statistically analyzed using the mathematic means, tabulated show amended with replication and percentages in addition to some Figs. The most important results could be summarized as follows: The diffusion of the studied agricultural technology was high in case of using organic fertilizers (compost) 76.3% according to the grower response followed by using of bio- fertilizer (Nitroben) 66.7% and the technology of low soluble nitrogenous fertilizers (Inthabine) 65.7%. The studied adoption and diffusion technology linked with time intervals indicated to: prescience of a gap among the investigated number of growers whom heard about the three technologies and between the numbers of the growers whom applied that technology. The absolute volume of the gap i.e. the differences between the numbers of investigators whom heard and whom applied these technologies continues increased for all the studied technology from year to other. Level of adoption the three types of the technologies was relatively low whereas, the number of growers whom not using these technologies were more or less than the mean and recorded 62.9, 55.4 and 49.7% for the technology of low soluble nitrogenous fertilizers (Inthabine), bio-fertilizer (Nitroben) and organic fertilizers (compost), respectively and the rest of adoption investigators were low for all studied the fertilizers. The diffusion of the three types of technology according to the grower response was not satisfied according to the constructive communication which clears that the information diffusion should be between the growers and became applicable. When the growers number increase it means that the practice diffused in the rural community. Operating delays defy the diffusion and adoption of the grower to the technology of nitrogenous fertilizers is nonage of extension information, practice displaying, specialist recourses of using & preparing these technologies, decrease of requirements of using these technology in the markets, the solid believe of using the chemical fertilization and atomizing of agricultural futures dispersion.
Keywords: nitrogenous fertilizers, fertilizers, Qalubiea Governorate
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 105
INFLUENCE OF DIET ON THE CLOTTING ACTIVITY OF DROMEDARY’S GASTRIC COAGULANT EXTRACTS
Saliha Boudjenah-Haroun1, Wafa Souid1 Asma Balla1, Isselnane Souad2, Abderrahmane Mati2
1Univ Ouargla, Fac.des sciences de la nature et de la vie, Lab. de Recherche sur la Phœniciculture, Ouargla 30000 Algeria. 2Laboratoire de Biochimie Appliquée et de Biotechnologie (LABAB), Université M. Mammeri de Tizi Ouzou, Algérie
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Recently, several researches showed that gastric enzymes extracted from the abomasums of Algerian camels (Camelus dromedaries) were effective for coagulation of camel and bovine milk. The objective of this work is to study the influence of diet on the clotting power of these crude enzyme extracts. Animals (sources of rennet) are selected according to the fact that they are not weaned, mixed feed or weaned. In carrying out the extraction method of Valles and Furret), three extracts were obtained and designated by E UWA (unweaned animals), E MFA (mixed feeding animals) and E WA (weaned animals). Their coagulant activity was calculated. Affinity relative to the bovine and camel milk, depending on the temperature and renneting pH was estimated by the time of flocculation of the milk. Commercial rennet was used for comparison. The results showed that these extracts differ in coagulating power. Those extracted from weaned animal that are endowed with a higher power coagulating (0,530 ± 0020 UP). Two curds (cattle and camels) treated with the weaned extracts were obtained. Sensory evaluation of these curds and the study of their texture enhance the possibility of using extracts coagulants of weaned camels as a substitute for commercial rennet.
Keywords: Algeria, cheese, coagulation, dromedary, gastric extracts, milk.
106 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
ORTAK TARIM POLİTİKASI VE GELİŞMELER
Levent YAZICI
Orta Karadeniz Geçit Kuşağı Tarımsal Araştırma İstasyonu Müdürlüğü, Tokat
Sorumlu yazar: [email protected]
ÖZET
Tarım, insanların en temel ihtiyacı olan beslenme gereksinimini karşılayan bir sektör olmasından dolayı, ülke ekonomilerinde ve toplumların gündelik hayatında oldukça önemli bir yere sahiptir. Dünyadaki tarımsal gündemin önemli bir parçası olan Avrupa Birliği Ortak Tarım Politikası (OTP) tarımsal üretimin artırılması, üreticilere daha iyi bir yaşam düzeyi sağlanması ve piyasaları istikrara kavuşturarak arzın devamlılığının sağlanması hedeflerinin yanındaaynı zamanda AB bütünleşmesinin sağlanmasında da önemli paya sahiptir. Dolayısıyla OTP sadece bir tarımsal politika bütünü olmayıp, aynı zamanda tarihsel gelişimi içinde AB’ye üye ülkelerin tarım gibi çok teknik ve siyasi boyutu olan bir alandaki politika becerisini de yansıtmaktadır. Avrupa Birliğinin ilk ortak politikası olma özelliğine sahip Ortak Tarım Politikası (OTP), sürekli bir değişim içindedir. Toplumsal beklenti ve taleplere cevap verebilmek için OTP, zaman içinde birçok kez temel reformlardan geçmiştir. Bu çalışma ile Avrupa Birliği (AB) Ortak Tarım Politikası (OTP) hakkında temel bilgiler verilmekte, geçirdiği reform süreçleri, son dönemdeki reformlar özellikle 2014-2020 yıllarına ilişkin Çok Yıllı Mali Çerçeve’nin temelindeki son değişikliklerin incelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Yakın dönemde AB’ye girmesi beklenen Türkiye’nin ekonomik ve sosyal hayatın bütün alanlarında olduğu gibi, tarım sektöründe de bazı reformlarla AB’ye uyum sağlaması gereklidir. Bu anlamda tarım sektörü ile ilgili bazı düzenlemeler yapılmış ve uygulamaya geçirilmiştir. Ülkemiz ekonomi ve istihdam alanında önemli bir yere sahipolan tarım sektörünün yeri düşünüldüğünde OTP hakkındaki bilgilendirmeler, çok önem kazanmaktadır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Avrupa Birliği, Ortak Tarım Politikası, reform, tarım sektörü, 2014- 2020 çok yıllı mali çerçeve
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 107
RISK MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES ADOPTION OF FARMING HOUSEHOLDS IN KWARA STATE OF NIGERIA: A PRAGMATIC APPROACH
OLAWUYI, Seyi Olalekan1, OJEDOKUN, Idris Kayode and OLAWUYI, Tosin Dolapo
1Department of Agricultural Economics, P.M.B 4000, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Risk is an unavoidable element in the business of agriculture especially with the prevalent issue of climate change which hitherto affects production. Production can vary widely from year to year due to unforeseen weather and market conditions, causing wide swings in commodity prices. But risk, while inevitable, is often manageable. Risk management involves choosing among alternatives for reducing risks that threaten the economic success of production process and well-being of the households; hence, determinants of risk management strategies adoption among farming households in Kwara State of Nigeria was investigated. Multistage sampling technique was used to select 122 farming households used for the study. Data collected through a well-structured questionnaire was analyzed through descriptive statistics such as frequency counts, percentages and mean values while inferential statistics such as Tobit regression was used to test the formulated hypothesis. The result revealed a mean age of 49.25 years while the average household size was estimated at approximately 12 persons; also, the average years of formal education was estimated at 6.31 years. 92.62% of the respondents engaged primarily in farming while majority are faced with production risks. The prevalent risk management strategies adopted are: obtaining credit facilities from social organizations, irrigation practices, borrowing from friends, use of family labour and distress sales of assets. And, determinants of risk management strategies adoption are: years of formal education (p<0.1), household size (p<0.1), social organization membership (p<0.01) and outcomes (p<0.05). This study concludes that human capital (proxied by years of formal education) and social capital endowment (proxied by social organization membership) have a strong influence on the adoption of risk management strategies.
Keywords: Risk Management Strategies, Adoption, Farming Households, Tobit, Nigeria
108 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
RISK FACTORS OF NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS: A REALITY OF SEMI-ARID REGION IN ALGERIA
Bourouba Romyla1, Houcher Bakhouche1, Eğin Yonça2, Akar Nejat 2
1Department of Biology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Nature and Life Science, University of Setif 1, Algeria 2Department of Pediatric Molecular Genetics, Ankara University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT Neural tube defects (NTDs) are severe birth defects occurring when the neural tube fails to close completely. Human NTDs are multifactorial, and accumulated evidence has suggested that genetic and/or environmental factors may contribute to these defects. To date, there are no clear data concerning the prevalence, etiology of these defects in the semiarid region of Batna in Algeria. The objective of this study is to analyze data on NTDs cases from 2012- 2014 at Batna Maternity Hospital, and to investigate some environmental and genetic risk factors suspected in the etiology of NTDs. A retrospective chart review of patients with NTDs was performed, in Batna- region during a 3 years period. Other different laboratory tests were performed on 82 apparently healthy participants (control) and 48 mothers who had conceived an NTD child. Peripheral blood samples were collected, in EDTA tubes and frozen at -20°C until DNA extraction by conventional method. Genetic analysis of MTHFR C677T polymorphism was determined by light cycler (Mannhein, Germany), while CBS 844 insertion was analyzed by PCR in a thermal cycler (Biometra).Chi-square analysis was used to evaluate significant differences in the distribution of data. In addition, the Odds-ratio and confidence intervals were calculated. A P-value less than 0.05 were considered as significant. Our results show that the prevalence of NTD in Batna, Algeria is 1.75 per 1,000 births; Spina bifida was the most common NTD in our study. Regarding sex differences, the rate of NTD was higher in females than males (male to female ratio = 0.42), highest affected NTD newborn’s rate was observed in mothers aged between 25 and 29 years and the rate of consanguinity among all NTD cases was 30%. Additional background data show no significant association of NTDs with previous obstetrics history, personal education , obesity, diabetes but regarding folic acid consumption, about 86% of NTD’s mothers in our region doesn’t take pre-conceptional supplementation with this vitamin . According to our genetic factor’s findings, the results did not show a significant association of NTDs with specific mutation of the variant C677T 5, 10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), and no gene-gene interactions of cystathionine-synthase (CBS) insertion and C677T polymorphism was demonstrated, despite a significant difference in heterozygote frequency of CBS 844ins68 genotype between NTD’s mothers and control groups, OR: 2.85(1.18-6.88). In conclusion, our study confirms that NTD represents a real public health problem in Batna, Algeria. Moreover, various genetic and/or environmental factors as well as their complex interactions as well as nutritional factors like folate deficiency and seasonal changes in diet, are implicated in the pathogenesis of NTD in Algeria although the mechanism is not clear. We suggest that further research in the etiology and consequences of birth defects in our country should continue for planning preventive measures and effective treatments to reduce the incidence of NTDs in Algeria. Keywords: Neural tube defects, obesity, diabetes, environmental factors, mutations, MTHFR, CBS, Batna, Algeria
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 109
PROBOSCIS EXTENSION RESPONSES OF THREE APIS MELLIFERASUBSPECIES TO DIFFERENT FLORAL NECTARS
Hussain Ali1, Abdulaziz S. Alqarni, Awad M.Awad, and Ayman A.Owayss
1Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Corresponding author’s e-mail:[email protected]
ABSTRACT
Honeybees efficiently employ their olfactory system while foraging. They naturally extend their proboscis in response to antennal stimulation of sugars in nectar. This study aimed to evaluate the PER of honeybees to the floral nectars, and to discuss how those responses are affected by honeybee genotype, nectar quality, and weather conditions. The effects of eleven floral nectars on PER were evaluated in three honeybee races (A. m. jemenitica, A.mcarnica, and A. m. ligustica) at two daytimes. The nectar concentrations of some flowers increased in afternoon (Prosopismexican, Acacia Type-1, Indian Jasmine, Acacia Type-2, Reyhankokuso, Brassica rapa, Eruca sativa). A. m. carnica had the highest PER in morning as well as in afternoon, and A. m. jemenitica had the lowest PER to water. PER behavior is a promising indoor tool that could be used to examine the quality and attractiveness of the bee forages, and to understand how the attractiveness of a specific bee forage varied according to bee genotype and weather.
Keywords: Nectar concentration, Refractometer, PER
110 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
FACTORS INFLUENCED CONSUMER BEHAVIOR TOWARDS ORGANIC FOOD IN EGYPT
Inas El-sayed Sadek
Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Egypt.
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected], [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Consumer behavior is influenced by external factors: Consumer behavior is influenced by many external factors such as culture, subculture, and social classes ... Located. These effects can be short, medium or long term. Consumers have been faced with different food safety problems that have major consequences on their behavior, attitudes and preferences towards particular food products. The objective of this paper is to explore consumer behavior towards organic food in the capital of Egypt; moreover, there is a need to identify the motivations and barriers towards organic food consumption, as well as the willingness to pay for these products. Health concern is the first motivation of organic food consumers in Egypt; moreover, it is the first motivation for which consumers are willing to pay an extra premium for organic food over the price of conventional food. High prices of organic products and distrust of organic products’ genuineness are the major barriers towards organic food consumption. Organic agriculture is a production system that sustains the health of soils, ecosystems and people. It relies on ecological processes, biodiversity and cycles adapted to local conditions, rather than the use of inputs with adverse effects. Organic agriculture combines tradition, innovation and science to benefit the shared environment and promote fair relationships and a good quality of life for all involved The phenomenon of organic agriculture has started in the 1930s and 1940s in the developed countries as a consequence of the raised dangerous effects of using synthetic fertilizers and pesticides in agriculture on both health and environment. In other words, they were looking for safe food that is free of pesticides and additives The organic agriculture is growing fast as the demand for organic foods and drinks is developing rapidly. The global sales of organic food and drink about 65 billion US dollars in 2013(www.ifoam.org). The majority of certified organic produce is destined for export markets, with the large majority being exported to the European Union. The African market for organic products is still small. Certified organic products are currently recognized in only a few domestic markets, including Egypt, South Africa, Uganda, Kenya and Tanzania. For exports, most African countries rely upon foreign standards. To date, the majority of organic production that is certified in Africa has been certified according to the EU regulation for organic products. As for Egypt, although there is an augmented supply market for organic food gained from its significance as a safety production, high quality food and its positive environmental influences. The supply market is growing at much quicker rate than organic food consumption does. The logic interpretation for this situation is that organic agriculture is grown mainly for export market. As a result, the share of organic agricultural land has increased and has represented about 0.01% of the total agricultural land. It ranked third between African countries after Uganda and Tunisia.
Keywords: Organic agriculture, organic produce, African countries
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 111
AN ECONOMIC STUDY OF FOOD SECURITY IN THE ARAB SPRING COUNTRIES
Nashwa EL-Tatawy1, Lamis Fawzy El-Bahnasy2
1Economics and Agribusiness Department Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University 2Agricultural Economic Research Institute
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The main objectives of this research were to point out to the variations of food expenditure in some Arab countries. Data were used from the family budget survey's (HIECS) in Yemen, Jordan, Tunisia and Egypt and index numbers for secondary data publishing. The main results indicated that: 1- The different proportions of the population live below national poverty lines on the proportion of the population below the poverty line ($ 2). 2- Show by estimate the purchasing power of the equation of the individual in each of Yemen, Tunisia, Jordan, the amount added to the individual income increase during the study period (2004/2005- 2011/2012) rate was estimated at 33.4%, 20 %, 29,7%, 38,5% each from Yemen, Tunisia, Jordan and Egypt each year, respectively. 3- Poor individual spends nearly a third of his food income on meat group as Yemen, Jordan and Egypt, while in Tunisia the poor individual spends nearly one third of his food income on grain. Shows that the low per capita income spent the lowest percentage of food spending on beverages group and fish in each of Jordan, Tunisia and Egypt, while he spent the lowest percentage of food spending on vegetables and fruit in Yemen
Keywords: Arab countries, food expenditure, food income
112 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
ENSURING RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN PLACE USING YOUR METHODS OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE
Sevim ARTIK1, Akın OLGUN1
1Ege University, Agriculture Engineer Faculty, Agricultural Economics Department, 35100, Bornova/Izmir
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Turkey's rural economy is based on agriculture. With this feature of the agricultural sector in the country side, employment, income distribution and poverty levels plays a decisive role. There will be positive developments ortobe applied in the agricultural sector directly affects the rural population. Today, the greatest achievements in agriculture, reducing the adverse environmental conditions, through being able to perform the required increase in production. This is only possible with the implementation of durable solutions and sustainable agricultural methods. Sustainable agriculture means agriculture that promotes the health of the people and the land in the long term. Sustainable farming methods provides not only food, but also to increase the quality of the yield of the soil, water waste prevention, the protection of valuable seeds, biodiversity and soil for future generations, ensures the continuation of life. Sustainable agriculture is the foundation of approach, in rural areas, where farmers engaged in manufacturing that located is to maintain its activities, reach a level of prosperity they deserve, infrastructure, education and health services to be taken of farmers, the realization of economic activities, the evaluation of the local potential, protection of the natural and cultural assets, aimed at achieving a rural development is one of the main goals of sustainable agriculture. In this research, the provision of rural development in Turkey and for improving the current situation, by region as appropriate sustainable farming method and also the determination of soil, water, energy and the environment, while maintaining continuity has sought to demonstrate that here is a necessity.
Keywords: Turkey, Agricultural Sector, Sustainable Agriculture, Rural Development
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 113
FARMERS’ PERCEPTION OF SOIL EROSION CONTROL MEASURES: IMPLICATIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENT
S.O. Eze1, E.E. Osalon1
1Department of Rural Sociology and Extension, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, PMB 7267 Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The study investigated farmers’ perception of soil erosion control measures and highlighted implications for sustainable development in agriculture and environment in southeast, Nigeria. Purposive, multistage and random sampling techniques were employed in selecting a sample size of two hundred and forty (240) respondents. Structured interview schedule was used for data collection. Frequency counts, percentages, mean scores and factor analysis were used for data analysis. The findings show that majority (64.6%) of farmers were within the ages of 40–59, while majority (67.9%) had either FSLC or WASCE/SSCE/GCE/O/L qualifications. The farmers reported that the major soil erosion control measures used were strip cropping (M=4.8) and making of ridges against slopes (M=4.7). The study reported that poor group affinity, inadequate institutional support and inadequate technical knowhow were constraints to soil erosion control in southeast, Nigeria. The study highlighted implications for sustainable development in Agriculture and Environment on organizational overhaul in extension, participatory extension policy on farmers groups and institutional re-orientation and synergy between Universities, Agricultural Development Programme (ADP), Ministry of Agriculture (MOA) and Local Government Councils. In conclusion, success in soil erosion control and sustainable development in agriculture and environment in southeast, Nigeria depends on the extent issues raised and implications highlighted can be addressed. The study recommends improved funding support to extension, participatory extension training and contacts with farmers’ groups and groups’ resources management.
Keywords: Farmers, erosion control, sustainable development, Nigeria
114 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
CYTOPLASM TYPES OF SOME COMMERCIAL ONION (Allium Cepa L.) VARIETIES GROWN IN TURKEY
Esra Cebeci1, H. Padem2, A.F. Gökçe3
1Ataturk Central Horticultural Research Institute, 77102, Yalova-Turkey 3Lumina, The University of Southeast Europe, 021187, Bucureşçi, Romania 2Nigde University, Faculty of Agricultural Science and Technology, Niğde-Turkey
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Onion (Allium cepa L.) is grown worldwide for its fleshy bulbs which are used as food and medicinal purposes. The production of hybrid onion seed is economically feasible using systems of cytoplasmic-genic male sterility (CMS). Onion has biennial nature and strong self- depression, so breeding of inbred lines are taken a long period. The identification of cytoplasm types might be helpful to development of sterile and maintainer lines. In our study, we applied the PCR-marker (5-cob) to identify the cytoplasmic genotypes of 10 commercially grown onion varieties in Turkey. Among materials, it was found that, three varieties possessed both S-and N-cytoplasm and seven varieties possessed only N-cytoplasm.
Keywords: Onion, CMS, male sterility, cytoplasm types
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 115
DETECTION OF CYTOPLASM AND NUCLEUS TYPES WITH SNPS IN ONION (Allium cepa L.) HYBRID BREEDING
Esra Cebeci1, Fatih Hanci1, Michael J. Havey2
1Atatürk Central Horticultural Research Institute-Yalova 2The University of Wisconsin- Madison
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Commercial onion (Allium cepa L.) production is based on open-pollinated and hybrid cultivars. The production of hybrid onion seed is economically feasible using systems of cytoplasmic-genic male sterility (CMS). Onion has biennial nature and shows strong self- depression so molecular identification of cytoplasm and nucleus types might be helpful to development of sterile and maintainer lines. In many plants, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers are increasingly becoming the marker system of choice and the onion is one of them. In this study, researchers tried to evaluate cytoplasm and nucleus types of some onion accessions, collected from Turkey, using SNPs. Among accessions sterile and maintainer plants detected with molecular markers and some field works of the study still continues.
Keywords: onion, molecular markers, CMS, SNPs, hybrid breeding
116 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
A PRELIMINARY SURVEY OF PUBLIC WILLINGNESS AND ACCEPTANCE OF SEGREGATION AND USE OF HUMAN-URINE AS FERTILIZER IN TURKEY
F. Nihan YILDIZ-DOGAN1, Mohammed S. SHIHAB1, F. Tuba CITAK1, Bilsen BELER-BAYKAL1, Mehmet Emin PASAOGLU1, Asli OZTURK1
1Istanbul Teknik Universitesi, İstanbul, TURKEY
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium constitute the main ingredients of fertilizers, which are essential for plant growth. Interestingly, these elements are the main constituents of human urine. Studies have shown that the potential of global urine production is equivalent to about one third of the global fertilizer use and one person’s urine is sufficient to produce 200 kg cereals annually. Due to its rich nutrient content, reuse of urine as fertilizer has been suggested. Considering that public acceptance/willingness is a key parameter for adoption of any reuse option, this preliminary survey presents an attempt for investigation of attitudes towards using human urine as fertilizer and aims to gain insight about the willingness/acceptance of Turkish people for this practice. The survey was intended to identify and assess trends concerning the willingness/acceptance to use plants fertilized with direct and/or indirect use of human urine, and to investigate motivations/obstacles for Urine Diversion Toilets (UDT) which will provide this separation. The survey was run on 434 Turkish citizens, who were asked about the direct and indirect use of human urine (i) for growing various types of plants as food stuff including those which are consumed raw and after cooking, (ii) in green areas and for landscape purposes, as well as their opinion on urine diversion and use of urine diverting toilets (UDT). The results showed that 89% of the respondents had no objection to urine segregation and to the use of UDT’s provided that they get funding. In general acceptance/willingness for indirect use of human urine as fertilizer received a higher preference over direct use; landscape/green area applications over food stuff; and cooked food stuff over uncooked ones. All in all, the attitude of people surveyed in this preliminary work did not discourage further attempts regarding urine segregation and its use as fertilizer. These results were interpreted as being motivating for further efforts of reusing the fertilizing potential hidden in urine.
Keywords: human urine/yellow water, nutrients, fertilizers, urine diversion toilets, public opinion/acceptance, segregated streams of domestic wastewater
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 117
DETERMINANTS OF FOOD SECURITY AMONG RURAL WOMEN IN ABIA STATE, NIGERIA
Osahon, E.E.1, Odoemelam, L.E. 1
1Department of Rural Sociology and Extension, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Concerns over food security situation in Nigeria are reflected in the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) to reduce the number of food insecure by half by 2015. Given that land plays a role in the livelihood of majority of people living in the rural communities of Nigeria, food security and poverty reduction cannot be achieved unless issues of access to land and security of tenure among women are addressed. Therefore, study examined rural women access to productive resource in order to attain food security in the State. Multi stage sampling procedure was used to select 150 women farmers. Data were collected with the use of interview schedule and participation observation. Household food security access scale was used to assess food insecurity of the respondents. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics while legit regression was used to determine the determinants of food insecurity at P = 0.05. The results revealed that access to land (5.669***), credit (2.592**), extension contact (1.781*) and tenure security (3.685***) were positive and significantly related to food security. The paper suggests that land is central in promoting rural livelihoods in Nigeria, because access to land and security of tenure are the main means through which food security and sustainable development can be realized.
Keywords: Food security, Access t o land and Tenure security.
118 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
COTTON GROWERS SATISFACTION WITH PUBLIC AND PRIVATE EXTENSION SERVICES: CASE STUDY OF MUZAFFARGARH DISTRICT, PUNAJB, PAKISTAN
Muhammad Imran1, Orhan Özçatalbaş1
1Department of Agricultural Economics, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Pakistan has tried many agricultural extension system and approaches since its birth. In 1988, on the recommendation of national commission on agriculture formed by government to look into the poor performance of agriculture, privatization of agricultural extension started. Currently more than 500 private companies with public extension departments (multinational, national and generic) with public extension departments are actively engaged in providing extension services to farmers in addition to selling their products. In now a day’s World, accountability is very important, without that you cannot evaluate the performance of any sector. Extension service providers should ensure the continuous satisfaction of farmers with the service being provided. In order to increase farmer’s confidence and loyalty, extension feedback is becoming important day by day. Generally, evaluation of extension has been focused on farmers, such as behavioral change and also increase in output use, yield and income. Another important factor impacting the success or failure of extension programs may be efficiency and effectiveness with which extension personal deliver extension services. Present study, is aimed at analyzing the satisfaction of cotton growers with public and private extension services. In this regard, data was collected from 90 farmers using pre-tested questionnaire and using the mutli-stage random sampling technique from Muzaffargarrh district of Punjab province. Collected data was analyzed by using t test and chi square test. Most of the farmers in the study area are getting extension services from private sector (pesticide companies). Study, concludes that majority of the farmers were not satisfied with both public and private extension service, however, farmers showed some positive response towards satisfaction with private pesticide companies. Following these findings, resolute efforts are needed to improve quality of extension services both by private and public sector. Holistic participatory approaches are required to improve farmers understanding of technology, demand driven and farmers friendly strategies are recommended, Total service package should be applied by private companies rather than just pesticide use and disease identification services.
Keywords: Extension Services, random sampling, demand-driven, Punajb, Pakistan.
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 119
DETERMINATION OF SOME CHARACTERISTICS RELATED TO YIELD COMPONENTS OF ADVANCED BREEDING CHICKPEA LINES AND VARIETIES IN KONYA ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS
Hakan BAYRAK1, Ramazan KELEŞ1, Gül İMRİZ1
1Bahri Dağdaş International Agricultural Research Institute, Konya. TURKEY
Corresponding author’s e-mail:[email protected]
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to determine yield and yield components of some breeding chickpea lines in Konya ecological conditions. Total, 11 lines and 5 varieties that obtained from different Research Institutions and Stations were included as research materials. The experiments were carried out according to Randomized Block Design with 4 replications in experimental field of Bahri Dağdaş International Agricultural Research Institute in 2014. The periods of blooming and ripening, first pod height, plant height, grain yield, and hundred- seed weight were analyzed within the study. For all components excluding first pod height, differences among the genotypes were determined as statically important (p<0.01). As a result of study, the earliest line was EN 1999 genotype with 99.66 days, while the longest blooming period was observed on Canıtez 87 variety with 64.33. The maximum first pod height was obtained from EN2099 line (20.23 cm), and the maximum plant height was shown by EN1780 line (48.03 cm). The heaviest hundred-seed weight was obtained from EN 1835 line (47.00 g), EN 1721 gave the highest grain yield with 301.08 kg/da. Important positive correlations was determined between number of blooming days and number of ripening days (r= 0.84**) and also between first pod height and plant height (r= 0.43**).
Keywords: Chickpea, breeding lines, yield, yield components
120 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
COMPARATIVE ANTHELMINTIC EFFICACY OF CHLOROFORMIC AND METHANOLIC EXTRACTS OF CORIANDRUM SATIVUM AND IVERMECTIN IN SALT RANGE SHEEP
Memrez Khushal Gigyani1, Muhammad Ovais Omer1, Muhammad Mushtaq3, Qamar Niaz1,
Nisar Ahmad2, Fakhrul Islam4
Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology1, Department of Livestock Production2, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan Barani Livestock Production Research Institute (BLPRI) Kherimurat, District Attock, Punjab, Pakistan3 Veterinary Research Institute (VRI), Peshawar, Khyber Pukhtunkhwa, Pakistan4.
Corresponding Author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT The Methanolic extract (ME) and Chloroformic extract (CE) of Coriandrum sativum (C. sativum) were evaluated in comparison with ivermectin to cover the anthelmintic resistance in Salt Range sheep. A total of 60 sheep positive for nematodes were selected and randomly divided into 6 groups having 10 animals in each group. The animals of group A was kept Un- treated control. Group B was given ivermectin at the dose rate of 0.2 mg/kg body weight subcutaneously. The animals of Group C and Group D were given the CE of C. sativum at the dose rate of 50 mg/kg body weight and 100mg/kg body weight respectively. The Group E and Group F were given the ME of C. sativum at the dose rate of 50 mg/kg body weight and 100 mg/kg body weight respectively. Fecal eggs per gram (fecal EPG) tests were carried out on day 7, 14 and 28. The percent efficacy of ivermectin was 81.4%, 87.17% and 92.6% on day 7th, 14th and day 28th respectively. The percent efficacy shown by the CE at maximum dose (100 mg/kg body weight) was 10.7%, 17.72 and 24.41 on day 7th, 14th and 28th respectively. The percent efficacy of ME given to Group F was 44.76%, 56.27%and 60.69% on day 7th, 14th and day 28th respectively. From this study it was concluded that ME of C. sativum has maximum anthelmintic effect at the highest dose used in the study.
Keywords: Methanolic extract, Chloroformic Extract, Coriandrum sativum, anthelmintic resistance, percent efficacy
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 121
WHEAT RESPONSE TO SINGLE MINERAL OR MIXED ORGANIC NITROGEN SOIL AMENDMENTS IN KASHMIR, PAKISTAN
Mohsin Zafar1,2, Muhammad Zahid1, and Tuba Arjumend3
1Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, The University of Poonch Rawalakot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan 2Department of Soil Science, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil 3Department of Genetic and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Yeditepe University, Kayısdagi, 34755 Istanbul, Turkey
Corresponding address: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Animal and plant derived organic substances application with minimal additions of mineral N fertilizers is an important fertilizer management strategy for sustainable agriculture production systems in sloppy mountain soils which are continuous land degradation. The present research was performed to explore the effect of urea, wood ash, compost and poultry manure on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown and nutrient efficiency use under Rawalakot conditions. The experiment was designed in RCBD fashion, fifteen treatments and three replications. The treatments were (T1) control without fertilizer; (T2) urea N (UN) @ 150 kg -1 -1 -1 ha ; (T3) urea N @ 75 kg ha ; (T4) wood ash (WA) @ equivalent to 150 kg N ha ; (T5) -1 poultry manure (PM) @ equivalent to 150 kg N ha ; (T6) compost @ equivalent to 150 kg N -1 -1 -1 ha ; (T7) UN+ WA @ 150 kg N ha (50:50); (T8) UN+ PM @ 150 kg N ha (50:50); (T9) -1 -1 UN + compost @ 150 kg N ha (50:50); (T10) WA + PM @ 150 kg N ha (50:50); (T11) WA -1 -1 + compost @ 150 kg N ha (50:50); (T12) PM + compost @ 150 kg N ha (50:50); (T13) UN -1 -1 + WA + PM @ 150 kg N ha (50:25:25); (T14) UN + WA + compost @ 150 kg N ha -1 (50:25:25) and (T15) UN + PM + compost @ 150 kg N ha (50:25:25). Results indicated that maximum shoot length (53.2 cm), root length (18.9 cm), shoot fresh weight (14.53 cm), root fresh weight (2.80 cm), spike length (110 cm), chlorophyll content (10.2 mg g-1), total plant –1 –1 nitrogen (2%), Fe content (37.5 mg kg ) and Zn content (28.3 mg kg ) were found in T14 (UN + WA + compost @ 150 kg N ha-1 (50:25:25)). Maximum shoot dry weight (3.08 g) and -1 root dry weight (0.96 g) were observed in T12 (PM + compost @ 150 kg N ha (50:50)). 2 -1 Maximum leaf area (26.6 cm ) was calculated in T2 (urea N (UN) @ 150 kg ha ). Highest –1 number of spikelets per spike (24) and plant Cu content (2.13 mg kg ) were noted in T15 (UN + PM + compost @ 150 kg N ha-1 (50:25:25)). Highest plant P (0.62 mg kg–1), K (1.52 mg –1 –1 -1 kg ) and Mn (34.3 mg kg ) were found in T13 (UN + WA + PM @ 150 kg N ha (50:25:25)). Dry matter yield, 1000–grain weight, and harvest index showed non-significant differences against all treatments applied. Total grain yield (2912 kg ha-1) and total biomass -1 -1 yield (8377 kg ha ) were highest in T9 (UN + compost @ 150 kg N ha (50:50)). Results of this study confirmed the beneficial effects of organic amendments on wheat growth and in combination with mineral N represents a successful and sustainable management strategy for wheat production in mountainous ecosystems.
Keywords: Wheat; Compost, Mineral fertilization, Poultry manure
122 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
NEW RECORDS OF SUBGENUS PARADIACHALCOIDEA DACCORDI, 1978 AND CHRYSOLINA DOHRNII (FAIRMAIRE, 1865) FOR TURKEY (CHRYSOMELIDAE: CHRYSOMELINAE: CHRYSOLINA)
Hüseyin Özdikmen1, Didem Coral Şahin2, Cemil Yetkin3
1Gazi University, Science Faculty, Department of Biology, 06500 Ankara / Turkey. E-mail: 2 Plant Health Centeral Research Institute, Ankara / Turkey 3GAP Agricultural Research Institute, Şanlıurfa / Turkey
Corresponding author’s e-mail:[email protected]
ABSTRACT
This paper presents Chrysolina (Paradiachalcoidea) dohrnii (Fairmaire, 1865) from Şanlıurfa province as a new record for Turkey. Accordingly, the subgenus Paradiachalcoidea Daccordi, 1978 is a new record for Turkey too. They are discussed and photographed.
Keywords: Chrysomelidae, Chrysolina, Paradiachalcoidea, Chrysolina dohrnii, New Records, Turkey.
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 123
INTENSIFICATION OF SUSTAINABILITY ON HIGHER WATER-USED CROPS
Oner Cetin1, Ali Fuat Tarı2, Cuma Akıncı3
1Dicle University, Agricultural Faculty, Dept. of Agricultural Structures and Irrigation, Diyarbakır, Turkey 2Harran University, Agricultural Faculty, Dept. of Agricultural Structures and Irrigation, Şanlıurfa, Turkey 3Dicle University, Agricultural Faculty, Dept. of Field Crops, Diyarbakır, Turkey
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Agricultural sector is the largest consumer of water in not only Turkey but also world. Agricultural sector uses more than 10 000 m3/ha in Turkey. Irrigation is, thus, a commonly used platform for intensification. Three different objectives can be achieved by irrigation. These are maximizing the crop yield, maximizing the crop irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) or productivity and maximizing the farmer’s economic returns. Water productivity can be analyzed at the plant level, field level, farm level, system level and basin level. In agriculture, efficiency is the relationship between output and input calculated as a ratio or as the slope of the functional relationship. Improving water use efficiency or enhancing agricultural water productivity is a critical response to sustainability on irrigated agriculture and water use. According to the study, net return per unit land area and per unit water in the different regions of Turkey were computed as 430-6707 $/ha and 0.10-1.22 $/m3, respectively. Water cost varied from 0.05 through 0.20 $/m3 depending on the regions. These figures showed that irrigation water have not been used same efficiently in different regions of Turkey. Meanwhile, having the highest water use efficiency does not mean that net returns will be highest for all the crops. The most profitable use of water is somewhere between the amount that provides highest water use efficiency and the amount that provides for maximum yield. On the other hand, there is a strongly link between water use and nitrogen considering N use efficiency. Intensification of sustainability depends on many factors such as water, nitrogen, some agronomic applications, climatological conditions etc. In this article, yields of the crops, irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) or irrigation water productivity, net return per unit land area and net return per unit water for some higher water-used crops (cotton, corn, sugar beet, tomatoes and winter wheat) in Turkey are computed and discussed considering different amount of irrigation water, irrigation methods and some different climatological regions. In addition, the approaches on the intensification of sustainability on higher water-used crops are also discussed.
Keywords: Irrigation, sustainability, net return, irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE)
124 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
THE IMPORTANCE OF WATER QUALITY FOR IRRIGATION
Kahraman SELVİ1, Seda ÖZDİKMENLİ1, Musa YALMAN1, Ramazan YILDIZ1
1ÇanakkaleOnsekiz Mart University, Yenice Vocational School, 17550, Yenice, ÇANAKKALE
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Increased demand for water, quantitative and qualitative deterioration of water, environmental pollution and possible climate changes cause negative impacts in aquatic ecosystems, due to population growth and rapid industrial development. On the other hand; pollution and degradation of these ecosystems create many problems in irrigated agriculture. As a result of anthropogenic activities (mining, industrial, agricultural, etc.) the pollutants such as heavy metals, pesticides, and polychlorinated biphenyls threaten the ecosystems, mingling with the water sources. The water, contaminated by these pollutants and also used in agricultural activities is taken by plants and animals to be used in their vital activities. Thus, the plant and animal foods contaminated with organic and inorganic pollutants constitute a significant risk to human health upon the consumption of these foods. Therefore; maintaining the acceptable values of water resources used in agricultural activities for the safety of sustainable food is great importance in terms of environmental and human health. The studies evaluating the effect of pollutants in the water to physico-chemical, microbiological parameters as well as on organisms in aquatic ecosystems have been previously conducted. In this study; pollution studies of some water sources used for irrigation in Turkey were compiled.
Keywords: Environmental pollution, pollutants, water quality, irrigation.
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 125
THE EFFECTS OF DROUGHT OF PEANUT THE YIELD COMPONENTS
Ferrin Ferda Aşık1, Reşat Yıldız1
1Yağlı Tohumlar Araştırma İstasyonu Müdürlüğü, Osmaniye
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L. ) is an important oil seed, food and feed crop grown in the world. In many parts of the world, groundnut is grown under rainfed conditions. The rainfed groundnut crop suffers from moisture stress of varying intensity at different growth stages. Agronomic and yield contributing characters decreases under drought stress; and significant response of varieties. Drought significantly changed total oil, linoleic, behenic fatty acid content, plant fresh weight, dry weight, pod yield per plant, number of seed per plant, number of pod per plant, 100 sun dried seed weight, and 100 sun dried pod weight.
Keywords: Peanut, Groundnut, drought stress, agronomic characters
126 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
SAMSUN İLİ BAFRA İLÇESİNDE ÇELTİK ÜRETİMİNE YER VEREN TARIM İŞLETMELERİNDE İNOVASYON VE SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİRLİK İLİŞKİSİ
Selime CANAN¹, Vedat CEYHAN¹
¹ Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Tarım Ekonomisi Bölümü, Samsun
Sorumlu yazar: [email protected]
ÖZET
Çeltik yetiştiren tarım işletmelerinde inovasyon ile sürdürülebilirlik ilişkisine odaklanmış bu araştırmanın amaçları, Samsun ili Bafra ilçesinde çeltik yetiştiren tarım işletmelerinin sürdürülebilirliğini ve inovasyondan yararlanma durumu belirlemek ve incelenen tarım işletmelerinde inovasyon ile sürdürülebilirlik arasındaki ilişkiyi ortaya koymaktır. Araştırma verileri çeltik yetiştiriciliğine yer veren tarım işletmeleri, daha önce yapılmış araştırmalar, ilgili kamu kurum ve kuruluşları, çeltik konusunda çalışan akademisyen ve teknik elemanlar ve araştırma esnasında yapılan gözlemlerden elde edilmiştir. Tarım işletmesi düzeyindeki veriler 2013 üretim dönemine ait olup, tabakalı tesadüfi örnekleme yöntemiyle seçilmiş 60 tarım işletmesinden anket yoluyla elde edilmiştir. İncelenen tarım işletmelerinde sürdürülebilirlik bütün boyutlarıyla (sosyal, ekonomik ve çevresel) incelenmiş ve sürdürülebilirlik endeksi yardımıyla ölçülmüştür. Benzer şekilde, tarım işletmelerinin inovasyondan yararlanma düzeyinin belirlenmesinde, inovasyon endeksinden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırma bulguları inceleme alanında faaliyet gösteren ikinci grup tarım işletmelerinin ekonomik performansının ve inovasyon kapasitesinin diğerlerinden daha iyi olduğunu göstermiştir. Araştırmada ayrıca inovasyondan daha çok yararlanan tarım işletmelerinin, sürdürülebilirliklerinin daha yüksek olduğunu göstermiştir. İnceleme alanında inovasyondan yararlanma düzeyinin, sürdürülebilirlik üzerindeki olumlu etkisi birinci grupta daha düşük, ikinci ve üçüncü grupta daha yüksektir. İnceleme alanında faaliyet gösteren tarım işletmelerinin inovasyon kapasitesinin artırılması için ihtiyaç analizlerine dayalı eğitim çalışmaları yapılmalıdır. Ölçek yetersizliği sebebiyle inovasyondan yeterince yararlanamayan tarım işletmelerine alt yapı, finansman vb. desteklerin sağlanması, inceleme alanında sürdürülebilirliği artırabilecektir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Çeltik, inovasyon kapasitesi, inovasyondan yararlanma düzeyi, sürdürülebilirlik
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 127
AIR POLLUTION PROBLEM IN ERZURUM CITY DURING 2014-2015
F. Ekmekyapar Torun1, Z. Bingül2
1 Atatürk University, Engineering Faculty, Department of Environmental Engineering, Erzurum, TURKEY 2 Ministry of Environment and Urbanization, Erzurum Provincial Directorate of Environment and Urbanization, Erzurum, TURKEY
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The importance of air pollution prevention has been increasing in recent years, due to the population growth and technological developments all over the world. Domestic heating and transportation has increased the atmospheric concentration of air pollutants in the form of gases, aerosols or particulate matter. Erzurum is one of the cities located in the eastern part of Turkey, situated on a plateau surrounded by mountains to the east, north and South. With the lowest average annual temperature in Turkey, Erzurum has severe winters, while its summers are short and dry. The winter period in the city is usually longer than six months. Temperatures start falling by October and rise again by April. The intensity of the air pollution, which is mostly caused by the heating activities during winter, increases due to the topographic structure of the city, unplanned urbanization and meteorological factors. In this study, during 2014-2015 winter period, air pollution level in terms of SO2 and particulate matter parameters were examined in the city center of Erzurum and the results were evaluated. Data for the period of 2014 October-2015 April were taken from Ministry of Environmental and Urbanization Air Quality Monitoring Station which is located at the city center and compared with the air quality values prescribed by Air Quality Assessment and Management Regulation, the World Health Organization and Environmental Protection Agency.
Keywords: Erzurum, air pollution, SO2, particulate matter, air quality assessment, management regulation
128 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
INFLUENCE OF ORGANIC FERTILIZERS ON SOIL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Selma ÖZTEKİN1, Nurhan MUTLU1, Gülçin ALTINTAŞ1, Tekin ÖZTEKİN2, Naif GEBOLOĞLU3, Mahfuz ELMASTAŞ4, Mine AYDIN5, Ömer Faruk NOYAN1
1Directorate of Middle Black Sea Transition Zone Agricultural Research Station, 60250 Tokat, Turkey. 2Department of Biosystem Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Gaziosmanpaşa University, 60240 Tokat, Turkey. 3Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Gaziosmanpaşa University, 60240 Tokat, Turkey. 4 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, Gaziosmanpaşa University, 60240 Tokat, Turkey 5Directorate of Erzincan Horticultural Research Station, 24060 Erzincan, Turkey.
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Organic fertilizers have to positive effect on a many soil properties. Moreover the positive effect in soil of organic fertilizers is reflected to crop yield and quality. In this study, effect of different doses of different organic fertilizers on soil physical properties was investigated. Treatments included (50 kg/ha Biofarm), (37.5 kg/ha Biofarm+15 kg/ha Nof), (25 kg/ha Biofarm+30 kg/ha Nof), (12.5 kg/ha Biofarm + 45 kg/ha Nof), (60 kg/ha Nof), (control). The experiment was carried out in clay soils with a randomized complete block design during three years. Soil samples (0-30; 30-60 cm) were taken for analysis bulk density, field capacity and wilting point. The results showed that there no was a significant change in the soil physical properties with the application of organic fertilizers.
Keywords: bulk density, physical properties, organic fertilizers, soil, field capacity
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 129
THE INVESTIGATION OF MANUFACTURING POSSIBILITIES INNOVATIVE BUILDING THERMAL INSULATION MATERIALS FROM AGRICULTURAL AND FORESTRY WASTES
Fatih Tuncay EFE1, Seda ÖZDİKMENLİ2
1Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Yenice Vocational School, Department of Forestry 2Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Yenice Vocational School, Department of FoodProcessing
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
While the world’s energy demand is increasing day after day, the energy sources decrease gradually on the world. The other Alternative Method of providing energy is also to save the energy. The world’s 40% energy consumption occurs in the buildings. Therefore, energy saving in the buildings is vital. With reference to the 2020 forecasts there will be a building thermal insulation materials market of 27 billion US Dollars globally. On the other hand, 140 billion tons of biomass occurs as waste from the agricultural auctions every year. That Agricultural Biomass Waste is equivalent to 50 billion ton fuel and that potential can be converted to energy instead of fossil fuel, it can decrease the greenhouse gas emissions and it can provide renewable energy 1.6billion people who live in the developing countries and have void of electric energy 3.2 billion m3lumber is manufactured and approximately 320 million tons bark occurs as waste every year. The Barks and cones that occurred end of the forestry works also can be used as alternative raw materials to manufacture building thermal insulation materials. Finally, the manufacturing of building thermal insulation materials from waste which occurred at the end of the agricultural and forestry works can be a solution for world’s important problems like energy saving, utilization of wastes, decreasing CO2 emission, unemployment and developing innovative products.
Keywords: Lignocellulosicwastes, Nonwood-forestproducts, Buildingthermalinsulation, Energy, Recycling
130 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
SOME YIELD FEATURES OF ZOM SHEEP GROWN PEOPLE'S HAND IN DİYARBAKIR PROVINCE
Sahin Tez1, Yavuz Han1, Nalan Akça1, Polat İpek1, Mehmet Emin Vural1, Ahmet Karataş1, Bırusk Keskin1
1Gap International Agricultural Research and Training Center, Diyarbakır, Turkey
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
This research was conducted in Zom Sheep herds grown in people's hand in Diyarbakır Province. Breeding of Zom Sheep was started in 9 villages with 6387 Zom Sheep in 2013. 5 month Milk yield, birth weight and live weight were recorded In Breeding Project of Zom Sheep. The mean birth weights of lambs of Zom Sheep were 4.1±0.01, 3.8±0,01 kg respectively in 2013 and 2014. Average of 60 th and 90 th day weight lambs were 15.3±0,05, 13.7±0.05, 21.2±0.07, 19.2±0.08 kg respectively. The average lactation period of Zom Sheep was 151.1±1.38, 165±2.57 day respectively in 2013 and 2014. The average lactation milk yield of Zom Sheep was 71.4±1.40, 46.2±1.73 kg respectively in 2013 and 2014. With this Project, Zom sheep which are grown in the hands of people are aimed to be bred in terms of growth and fertility. The Project aims to increase economic yield properties of Zom sheep, meet high yield breeding goat and increase herd which have high fertility and growth speed. Thus, effectiveness of this breeding programme will both create sheep population which have high yield and increase breeder income directly.
Keywords: zom sheep, Diyarbakır, sheep breeding
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 131
AN ECONOMETRIC APPROACH TO SUNFLOWER PRODUCTION IN TURKEY
Mehmet Muhammed SARI1, Atilla KESKİN1, Semiha KIZILOĞLU1
1Atatürk Üniversitesi, Tarım Ekonomisi Bölümü, Erzurum
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Sunflower seed is one of the most significant oilseed in the World as well in Turkey. Consumption of sunflower oil is relatively more than the other oilseeds in Turkey, on the other hand oilseeds foreign trade causes a big gap of foreign trade in Turkey. Owing to these substantial reasons, for several years, some government supports started to be distributed to farmers in order to increase the production quantity. In this paper, econometric analysis of sunflower production is aimed to investigate the influence of determined independent variables. In this regression model dependent variable was determined as sunflower production quantity and independent variables are yield, purchase price, government supports, fuel price and maize price as substitute crop. Thus, Econometric trend of last ten years’ sunflower production will be viewed. Additionally, more detailed information about determined variables will be obtained from this study to evaluate the efficiency of the variables. Consequently, impact of variables on sunflower production will be revealed.
Keywords: Sunflower seed, oilseeds, econometric analysis
132 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
SOCIAL CAPITAL FORMATION: THE MISSING LINK AMONG FOOD CROPS FARMERS IN OSUN STATE, NIGERIA
Seyi Olalekan OLAWUYI1, Tosin Dolapo OLAWUYI1,
1Department of Agricultural Economics, P.M.B 4000, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Nigeria
Corresponding author’s e-mail : [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Nigeria situation on food production is precarious as its significant percentage is left with only the bilious taste of insufficiency both in food production and consumption, especially among rural households. They are most vulnerable to this dwindling situations; this dirge persists till today. There is growing evidence that social capital is an additional input in the household’s production function and as such, element for sustainable development due to the roles it plays in managing risks, shocks, and opportunities for increased food crop production and improving household welfare. It has been observed that not all social capital leads to growth or development. Some social capital may be beneficial while some may be deleterious depending on the motives behind its formation. Data collected from 233 respondents through multistage sampling technique was analyzed using composite score analysis, probit and ordered probit regression models. Findings revealed that more than half (66.10%) of the respondents derived intermediate benefits from social group membership. Significant determinants of social capital formation are: age, year spent in school, household size, primary occupation and indigene status. This study concludes that respondents’ socio-economic characteristics and human capital endowments make significant contributions to social capital formation and benefits derived from social group membership.
Keywords: Social capital, food crops farmers, ordered probit model, composite score, Nigeria
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 133
THE OPTIMIZATION OF CULTURE CONDITIONS OF A STRAIN PRODUCING BACTERIOCINS ISOLATED FROM GOAT MILK
Siboukeur Amina1, Sayas G. 1, Moume A.1, Siboukeur O.1
1Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université Kasdi Merbah Ouargla Algeria
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The Optimization of Culture Conditions of a Strain Producing Bacteriocins isolated from this part of the study concerns the optimization of cultived conditions for bacteriocinogene strain (Lactococcus lactis) which has been isolated from the milk of one of the two dairy species adapted to arid and semi-arid that is "the goat”, a dairy animal widely domesticated by indigenous households. Its milk is part of the Saharan consumer eating habits. Widely speaking, it is given many “health claims" including anti- infective activity. Optimal growth conditions of the strain grown on M17 agar are sought. To achieve this, M17 broth supplemented with glucose at 0.25%, 0.75%, 1.75% and M17 broth supplemented with fructose at a rate of 0.5%, 1%, and 2% are inoculated by strain after isolation, pre- identification and purification. A cultivation of strain in M17 broth without glucose or fructose addition was the control sample. The incubation was carried out in 30 ° C for 18 and 24h. Growth was assessed by densimetry and by changes in pH during the two incubation periods. The results indicate that the best growth was recorded with the addition of fructose to 2% for an incubation period of 24 h wherein the pH reaches a value of 4.6 (versus 5.63 in control case) and the optical density reaches a value of 2.45 (versus 1.21 for the control.
Keywords: goat milk, Lactococcus lactis,
134 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
AN ECONOMIC STUDY OF THE IMPACT OF FOOT- MOUTH DISEASE ON THE REPRODUCTION AND PRODUCTION EFFICIENCY OF THE INFECTED MIXED CATTLE IN GHARBIA GOVERNORATE
Ali Rizk Mustafa1, Mohamed Ghazi Sayed1, Omar Ahmad Badr1, Ebrahim Elsyed Easa1
1Agricultural Economic Research Institute, ARC, Egypt
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT Animal production sector is considered one of the important sectors in the national economy and the Egyptian agriculture as the value of livestock production in 2010/2011 reached about 77.4 as the value of cattle meat production in 2010 reached about 31.5 billion pounds, and the value of dairy amounted to about 20 million pounds. The problem of the study represents in the total animals infected with FMD in Egypt reached about 94 thousand head and the number of dead animals reached about 26 thousand head which caused significant economic losses to the country, resulting in significant reduction in the amount of meat and high prices in addition to a decrease in milk production and the incidence of abortion for some infected animals, and Gharbia Governorate was the most Governorates affected by the disease, where wounded about 48 thousand head represents about 51.1% of the total infected animals in Republic and deed about 7 thousand head accounted for about 27% of the total dead in Republic. The study aims to identify the economic effects of disease FMD on the farm animals for cows in Gharbia Governorate by estimating both the volume and value of losses resulting from infecting animals with FMD, the volume and value losses resulting from animal mortality due to the disease, the value of the losses incurred by the state as a result of compensation to the dead animals and the FDM on the reproductive performance of the infected and the abortion caws. - The study showed that the impact of the most important social characteristics of breeders on cattle and Buffalo infected with foot-and-mouth disease in the study sample: There are an inverse relationship between the educational level, experienced breeder, and knowledge of treatment methods and between the numbers of animals infected. And the study showed the impact of bio-security variables on cows infected with foot-and-mouth disease in the study sample, there are an inverse relationship between: immunized against the disease, isolation of the infected animal, changing the mattress and between the numbers of animals infected. - As the study showed that the total value of losses resulting from animals infected with foot-and-mouth disease reaching about 373 thousand pounds, in the study sample contributes to this amount towards 87 thousand pounds the value of losses at low milk prices and quantity equivalent to 23 % of those losses, to 81 thousand pounds the value of losses represented by the cost of treating infected headers equivalent to about 22% of total losses, and about 63.72 thousand pounds, loss the value of 205 abortion infected animals approximately 55% of all those losses. -The most important results of reproductive performances in this study were: -The numbers of the natural services in the infected caws almost equal the ordinary but the abortion animals were higher by%16. The artificial insemination efficiency in the infected animals were 54% and in the abortion one was %31 comparing with the ordinary one which was 77%. The average period between two consecutive labors in the infected cows exceed the ordinary one by bower 51 days and the abortion by around 78 days reflecting a low reproductive performance by about 15% and 24% consecutively comparing with the ordinary animals. -The period of estrus detention in the ordinary cows in average around 19 day after the last insemination without pregnancy. -The study show the this period in the infected and the abortion cows were about 26 and 41 days which reflect a low productive performance by nearly 737% and 216% respectively. Recommendations: In light of the outcome of the results of the study, it can recommend the following: 1–It is necessary to take into account the provision of the necessary immunizations in a timely manner and in sufficient quantities for the number of animals. 2-It is necessary to emphasize quarantine measures to prevent the entry of any viruses from abroad. 3-It is necessary for veterinary medicine, in turn, educate and guide the breeders on the most important diseases that infect livestock and ways to treatment them.
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 135
IMPACT OF APPLYING AGRICULTURAL POLICIES ON THE PRODUCTION COSTS OF WHEAT AND COTTON IN EGYPT
Eman R. El-fahl1, Rania A. Ahmed2
1Agricultural Economic Research Institute, ARC, Egypt. 2Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Egypt
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The main objective of this research is to discuss the productive acre's cost in Egypt by using the standard analysis of the changes in the product cost with the current and real cost. The results indicate increasing in the productive cost for crops (wheat, cotton) during the contradictive period (1998-2014) than its basic value during the period (1987-1997). Regarding wheat, it was obvious that increasing the acre's cost production is due to the increase in cost of agriculture lands' rent, machines' rent and labor's fees. When using the real cost, it was obvious that increasing the cost is due to the increase in the cost of lands' rent, chemical fertilizer and the other expenses. Regarding cotton, it was obvious that increasing the acre's cost production is due to the cost of the lands' rent, labor's fees and fertilizer but when using the real cost, the increase of the cost is due to the increase in lands’ rent cost, chemical fertilizer and machines' rent.
Keywords: Productive acre's cost, Wheat, Cotton, Egypt.
136 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
THE ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF THE RED MEAT PRODUCTION FARMS IN NUBERIA REGION AT THE NEW LANDS
El-Hussein A. El Saify1
1Department of Economics and Agribusiness, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Egypt
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The main objectives of the study were to estimate the production function of red meat production farms in Nubaria region, to determine the main factors affect the dimension and degree of using the agricultural economic resources efficiently at the red meat production farms in the area under the study. The study is depending on primary data collected from a sample of 75 red meat production farms in Nuberia district. The sample was divided into two categories, the first category includes 40 farms that contains 1-5 animal units each, while the second category include 35 farms of more than 5 animal units. The statistical analysis used include step-wise multi- regression as well as some other models such as linear, logarithm, semi-long and quadratic for both categories under study. The results of the study has shown that the most important variables that affect the red meat production farms category are; number of animal units (x1), quantity of concentrated forage per ton (x4), and quantity of green feed per ton (x5), the production elasticity estimated to these variables were 0.49, 0.32 and 0.063 respectively . The estimated ratio of MPV to opportunity cost of these resources in order to identify economic efficiency of the utilization of the above use both concentrated and the green feed, and to receive equivalent values of MPV and opportunity cost, it is recommended that must reduce the quantity used of the both feed. The result of the study has shown that the most important variables that affect the red meat production farms of the second category are; number of animal units (x1), quantity of concentrated forage per ton (x4), and quantity of green feed per ton (x5), the production elasticity estimated to these variables were 0.34, 0.23, 0.20 respectively. the estimated ratio of MPV to opportunity cost of these resources in order to determine economic efficiency of the utilization of the above mentioned resources were about 8.34, 4.16 and 1.09 respectively, which means the MPV was better than the opportunity cost of these three variables . The producers can increase their profit from the meat production through increasing the animal units and quantity used from both concentrated and green forage, in order to get equivalent values of MPV and opportunity cost
Keywords: Red meat, Nubaria region, Step-wise regression
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 137
IMPACT STUDY OF AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT ON THE ENVIRONMENT OASIAN DEGRADATION OF OUED RIGH (ALGERIAN BAS SAHARA)
Mohamed Lakhdar SAKER1, Mustapha DADDI BOUHOUN1 and Naceur Eddine BEKKARI2
1Univ Ouargla, Lab. Ecosystem Protection in Arid and Semi-Arid Zones, P.Box 511 Ouargla 30000, Algeria 2Centre of Scientific and Technical Research on Arid Regions, CRSTRA, RN n°3 Touggourt 30002, Algeria
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Oued Righ is situated in the North east of the Algerian Sahara, is characterized by an important agricultural activity and it offers of development possibilities on the local level. Nevertheless, this evolution hasn’t been correctly realized because of various factors. This work aims to study the impact of agricultural water management on the oasian environment degradation of Oued Righ and to propose an appropriate plan of management in order to improve the environmental conditions of the area. The study shows that the irrigated and non- irrigated land of Oued Righ features a sandy texture, a water table variable depth between 0.43 m and 1.89 m. The waters are excessive salinity, which varies with ECw (Electrical -1 -1 Conductivity) 7.5 dS.m and 148.85 dS.m , with pHw variable 7.5 and 7.69. The soils are -1 -1 very saline and alkaline, EC1:5 variable between 2 dS.m and 18.6 dS.m , with pH1:5 variable between 7.3 and 8.4. Measurements of these hydro-edaphic parameters were showed varying levels of degradation compared to existing hydropower facilities. In general, the bad practices of irrigation-drainage produced a rise in groundwater, which remain higher in soils irrigated versus non-irrigated soils. However, irrigation appears to have allowed some leaching of soluble salts with a reduction in alkalinity. The lack of irrigation against, favored the capillary rise of soluble salts to the soil surface and alkalinity. It can be inferred that the irrigation schemes, through the irrigation-drainage actions have produced effects of degradation by damaging waterlogging on the oasis environment, requiring drainage improvements. However, the effect of leaching is low with a higher level of salinity tolerance in crops in palm groves. This may limit their development and their yields.
Keywords: Management, water, degradation, environment, oasis, Oued Righ, Algeria.
138 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
BIOCHEMICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF LEMON PLANT UNDER SALT STRESS
Servet Aras1, Emine Arslan2 and Ahmet Eşitken1
1Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Selcuk, Konya, Turkey 2Department of Biology, University of Selcuk, Konya, Turkey
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
In our study the effects of NaCl in the irrigation water on the factors underlying changes in some physiological and biochemical parameters in lemon plant were evaluated. The study was conducted under greenhouse conditions at Selçuk University in Turkey in 2013. A commercial lemon plant CV Interdonat grafted on Trifoliate Orange (Poncirus trifoliate) with similar size and development was chosen for the experiment with following a randomized plot design involving three replications, with 2 plants per replication. Plants were grown in 13 L pots filled with mixture of soil, substrate and perlite. Up until the start of the experiment, all plants were irrigated with tap water and then duration of the experiment plants were watered with increasing level (15, 30, 60, 120 mM) of NaCl solution. End of the study, chlorophyll SPAD value, stomatal conductance, membrane permeability, leaf relative water content (LRWC) were measured and protein determination was done with SDS-PAGE. Chlorophyll content significantly decreased by salinity (52,83 in 120 mM NaCl) compared with control (76,91). All salinity treatments significantly decreased stomatal conductance and while 120 mM NaCl treatment had the lowest value (35,00), control plants had the highest stomatal conductance (90,66). Membrane permeability had the highest value (24,2) in 120 mM NaCl treatment.
Keywords: lemon plant, Poncirus trifoliate, salinity treatments
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 139
STUDY OF IMPACT DRAINAGE WATER ON SPIRULINA CULTIVATION IN OUARGLA (ALGERIAN BAS SAHARA)
Mustapha DADDI BOUHOUN1, Afaf DJAGHOUBI2 and Ali SAGGAÏ3
1 Univ Ouargla, Lab. Ecosystem Protection in Arid and Semi-Arid Zones, P.Box 511 Ouargla 30 000, Algeria 2 Univ Ouargla, Lab. Underground Oil Tanks, Gaziers and Aquifers, P.Box 511 Ouargla 30 000, Algeria 3 Univ Ouargla, Department of Agronomic Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, P.Box 511 Ouargla 30 000, Algeria
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Spirulina can be cultivated in drainage water to improve water quality. This study examines the possibility of using Spirulina to produce biomass. Evaluation of growth of Spirulina platensis cultivated in flasks was undertaken under greenhouse. The results showed that the biomass concentration of Spirulina in Drainage water medium (DWM) was 1.74±0.79 g.l-1, but this medium can be enhanced by the addition of nutriments to reach to a biomass concentration with a range of 2.19±0.85 g.l-1. This suggested that S. platensis could be applied for use as organic fertilizers of dry land soils in our region.
Keywords: Drainage, water, spirulina, cultivation, Ouargla, Algeria.
140 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
IMPACT OF AGRICULTURAL TREATED WASTEWATER REUSE ON PHOSPHATE FERTILIZATION OF SOILS IN OUARGLA (NORTHERN ALGERIAN SAHARA)
Mustapha DADDI BOUHOUN1, Amal BOUHANNA1, Mohamed Lakhdar SAKER1
1 Univ Ouargla, Lab. Ecosystem Protection in Arid and Semi-Arid Zones, P.Box 511 Ouargla 30 000, Algeria
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The reuse of treated wastewater in agriculture is a way to remedy the water deficit in Saharan areas and enrich the soil by nutrients, without producing soil degradation. In this context, our research aim to study the impact of irrigation with treated wastewater on phosphate fertilization of soils in Ouargla area. A comparative study of phosphorus assimilable content was carried out in soil non-irrigated and soil irrigated with treated wastewater. The results show that soil irrigated with treated wastewater during 3 to 4 years, containing 1.48 ± 0.02 mg / l of P2O5, was enriched in phosphorus assimilable with 78 ± 2.02 % compared to soil non- irrigated. This contribution is equivalent to 126 ± 1.66 mg of P2O5 / kg of soils, which constitutes a fertilizer economy for the farmers. On the other hand, further research is needed to estimate chemical and bacteriological effects of treated wastewater on cultures to enhance the reuse of treated wastewater in this area.
Keywords: Treated wastewater, agricultural, soil, phosphate fertilization, Ouargla, Algeria
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 141
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF AGRONOMIC TRAITS AND ISSR METHOD TO EVALUATE GENETIC DIVERSITY AMONG GENOTYPES OF SOME SOYBEANS [GLYCINE MAX (L.) MERR.]
Emine ARSLAN1, Elif GÜLBAHÇE MUTLU2, Ömer DURSUN3, S. Ahmet BAĞCI4
1 Selçuk University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Selçuklu, Konya, Turkey 2 KTO Karatay University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Karatay, Konya, Turkey 3Selçuk University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Selçuklu, Konya, Turkey 4Sarayönü Vocational School, Department of Plant and Animal Production, Seed Program, Konya, Turkey
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
This study aimed to investigate the genetic diversity among 12 soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) genotypes using inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR-PCR) and agronomic traits. Leaf of 12 Glycine max genotypes was collected. Total DNA was isolated from leafs collected for each genotypes and was performed by ISSR-PCR. Genetic similarity among genotypes was estimated basing on Nei’s homology. Cluster analysis was performed using UPGMA in Bio1D++ computer program. Similarity coefficients of 12 genotypes belonging to Glycine max ranged rates 78-84% with low diversity of genetic variation, avarage Euclidian distance used for agronomic data ranged from 1.96 to 9.77. According to dendograms obtained with both DNA band profiles and agronomic traits, although genotypes are highly similar, these methods achieved to distinguish both morphologically and genetically.
Keywords: Soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr.), genetic diversity, ISSR-PCR, Agronomic traits.
142 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
BRUCELLOSIS INFECTION IN LOCAL AND EXOTIC CATTLE OF PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
Shahzad Ali1, Heinrich Neubauer2, Falk Melzer2, Iahtasham Khan1, Qurban Ali3, Shamim Akhter4
1University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan 2Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Jena, Germany 3National Veterinary Laboratories, Islamabad, Pakistan 4Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Brucellosis is major zoonotic diseases of human and animal. This disease has serious implications for animals and human health. Only limited numbers of studies are available in Pakistan which do not provide necessary information about prevalence of brucellosis and its causative agent in local and exotic cattle breeds in country. So, present study was conducted to determine prevalence and the causative agent of brucellosis in local and exotic breeds of cattle in Punjab Pakistan. Serological and molecular based techniques were used in present study. A total of 399 blood samples (250 local breeds and 149 exotic breeds) were collected from different livestock farms. Samples were initially screened for Brucella abortus antibodies using Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT). Serum samples positive in RBPT were confirmed using Serum agglutination test (SAT). Further quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) based molecular detection of DNA for Brucella genus (BCSP31), Brucella species specific (IS711 for Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis) was done for seropositive serum samples. A total of 20 (5.01%) animal were found seropositive for Brucella antibodies. Seroprevalence of brucellosis was higher in exotic breeds 9 (6.04) compared to local 11(4.4%). Out of six local breeds (Achai, Cholistani, Dhani, Lohani, Red Sindhi, Sahiwal) of cattle, highest seroprevalence were found in Lohani 6 (6.12%) and lowest in Achai 0 (0.0%). In case of exotic breeds, seroprevalence was higher in Australian cattle’s 5 (6.76%). Out of 20 serum samples positive in serology, 13 (65%) were positive in Brucella genus (BCSP31) and Brucella abortus (IS711) specific qRT-PCR. None of seropositive serum samples were positive for Brucella melitensis (IS711) specific qRT-PCR. The present study provides the evidence that Brucella abortus is the causative agent of cattle brucellosis in Pakistan. Results of present study can be used for development of affective brucellosis control and eradication program.
Keywords: Brucellosis, Cattle, Serology, qRT-PCR
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 143
THE EFFECTS OF AFLATOXIN B1 ON THE GROWTH HORMONE REGULATED GENE-1 OF BROILER CHICKENS AND ON DNA DURING HATCHING PERIOD
Elif GÜLBAHÇE MUTLU1, Emine ARSLAN2, Yasemin ÖZNURLU3, Haluk ÖZPARLAK2
1KTO Karatay University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Karatay, Konya, Turkey 2Selçuk University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Selçuklu, Konya, Turkey 3Selçuk University, Faculty of Veterinary, Department of Histology - Embryology, Selçuklu, Konya, Turkey
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
In terms of both public health and animal health, there are many types of aflatoxin that cause very important problems. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is the most toxic and most commonly encountered fungal toxin that occurs as a result of poultry feed ingredients and feeds storage in unsuitable conditions. AFB1 decreases feed quality, egg production in poultry industry and fertility of hatching eggs. Also, AFB1 affect the development of the embryo entering eggs at certain rates. As it affects growth and development of animals negatively, in this study, we aimed to determine the changes that different concentrations of AFB1 cause in the promoter sequences of gene encoding growth hormone regulated gene-1 (GHRG-1) at the chick embryo at 13th, 17th, 19th and 21th days by sequence analysis. In addition, different concentrations of AFB1 were treated with DNA isolated from the liver of chick embryos and DNA interaction was investigated using pBR32 plasmid to determine changes in electrophoretic mobility and their effects on DNA. As a result, base changes among the 5, 15, 40ng/egg AFB1 doses with control group on the 19th day increased compared to base changes among 5, 15, 40ng/egg AFB1 doses with control group on the 13th day. It was also observed that AFB1 in different concentrations connected to DNA and changed its mobility and high-dose of AFB1 smashed DNA. The DNA interaction study made using pBR32 plasmid showed that high doses of AFB1 connected to plasmid DNA and slowed down its mobility and also inhibited the restriction cuts.
Keywords: Aflatoxin B1, Broiler chickens, Growth Hormone Regulated gene-1, Sequence analysis, DNA interaction
144 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
EVALUATION OF WHEAT GENOTYPES FOR RESISTANCE TO ROOT AND CROWN ROT DISEASE CAUSAL ORGANISM Fusarium culmorum (W.G. Smith)
Fatih Özdemir1, Gül İmriz1, Murat Nadi Taş1, Birol Ercan1, İlker Topal1, Mehmet Sait Karaca1
1 Bahri Dağdaş International Agricultural Research Institute, Turkey
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Fusarium culmorum is a soil-borne fungus able to cause crown and root rot on different small-grain cereals, in particular wheat and barley. For controlling such diseases, application of fungicides are inadequate in some cases besides their hazardous effects for environment and living organisms. As an alternative solution to chemicals, development and screening the resistant wheat varieties has been emphasis in the plant defense studies. In this study, totally 90 wheat genotypes were included in the experiment to be evaluated for resistance to F. culmorum. The experiment was set up according to randomized complete block design with 4 replications for each entry. The wheat seeds were sown in the soil contaminated with F. culmorum, for control the seeds were sown uncontaminated soil. The plants were kept in plant growth chamber at 23ºC and 80% humidity for 8 weeks. The evaluation of genotypes for resistance to F. culmorum was performed according to 0-10 scale. According to evaluation on scale values, the plant genotypes were divided into 3 groups that were susceptible (≥ 3 scale value), moderately resistant (scale values between 1-3), and resistant (≤ 1 scale value). As a result, 4 genotypes were found as resistant, while 12 of genotypes were moderately resistant against F. culmorum. The rest of genotypes were taken to susceptible group with scale values above 3. For further screening of resistant genotypes, next step would be field trials with the successful genotypes in controlled conditions.
Keywords: wheat, genotypes, Fusarium culmorum, resistance
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 145
CURRENT SITUATION OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN TURKEY
Ersin KARAKAYA1, Semiha KIZILOĞLU2
1 Bingol University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Economics, Bingol 2 Atatürk University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Economics, Erzurum
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Basic condition for environmentally friendly economy; is sustainable development. Ensuring sustainable development is instead seen as a component within the overall economic framework of the ecology, the economy will be able to place the ecological frameworks. Sustainable development, is an approach addressing the international dimension of environmental management that brings a new dimension to the relationship between development and the environment. Sustainable development is aimed at the protection of natural habitats as well as human dimensions. R&D expenditure in 2011, the gross domestic product (GDP) and the share of 8.6%, while in 2012 to 9.2% was calculated. While the employment rate of 52.8% in 2012, reached 53.4% in 2013. In 2013, the employment rate has been 31.8% for women and 75.3 of the men. In this study, to determine the sustainable development of the current situation in Turkey and the issues that need to provide tangible progress for the realization of sustainable development making use of existing resources for the study is intended to conduct a situation assessment. In this context, global and regional basis for a sustainable development to occur, as it creates an opportunity for regional development, will bring to look confidently to the future.
Keywords: Environmental, Sustainable development, Turkey
146 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
THE CURRENT STRUCTURE OF WHEAT SUPPLY AND STAKEHOLDERS ACTIVITIES IN KONYA
Abdullah Oktay DÜNDAR1, Kenan PEKER1 Mahmut TEKİN1 Mehmet Akif ŞAHMAN1
1Selçuk University, Konya-Turkey
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Food industry has been importing agricultural raw material due to difficulty of high quality raw material gathering in domestic. The objective of this study is to describe current structure of wheat supply and stakeholder activities in order to increase quality of wheat. Konya where 10% of Turkey wheat production occurs has been chosen as survey area. The current structure of wheat supply and the activities of stakeholders for high quality were described as results of questionnaires. The database of wheat producers and amount of production areas as farmer record system were used for stratified sampling. Konya province as 31 towns was described seven homogeny wheat production areas and 99 questionnaires implemented to wheat producers as well as the other stakeholders. The results are important for the studies on reducing agricultural raw material import and supplying domestically. The competitiveness of food industry can be increased by the steps of establishing digital supply database, supply network optimization and integration of food and agricultural where ICT and e-governance are the tools. E-governance of food and agricultural integration will provide opportunities of yield, productivity, price management for profit maximization. The research is founded by Ministry of Science, Industry and Technology as SANTEZ project No:0509.STZ.2013-2 as Ph.D. thesis.
Keywords: Wheat Supply, Wheat Supply Network
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 147
DETERMINATION OF ESSENTIAL GROWING-DEGREE-DAYS AMOUNT FOR VEGETATION PERIOD IN SOME DRY BEAN VARIETIES
Ramazan KELEŞ1, Hakan BAYRAK1, Gül İMRİZ1
1 Bahri Dağdaş International Agricultural Research Institute, Turkey
Corresponding author’s e-mail : [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The amount of Growing-Degree-Days (GDD) has been widely used for regional selection of varieties, determination of planting time, all the processing ranking through the growing period of plants as well as biological stage of plants. In this study, it was aimed to determine the GDD amount of some registered dry beans varieties throughout the green remaining period of plants in Konya Region of Turkey. The varieties of Akman 98, Göksun, Göynük 98, Karacaşehir 90, Noyanbey 98, Önceler 98, Yunus 90, Zülbiye and Weighing were included as research materials. The research was conducted in Bahri Dağdaş International Agricultural Research Institute experimental field according to randomized block design. According to the results, the period of spad values, that measured at particular periods of dry beans varieties, dropped to “0” (length of green remaining period of plants) and the GDD amount of their need for this period was calculated by quadratic regression equation that resulted of regression analysis. Regarding to the regression analysis, the highest SPAD value (1504) was obtained from Yunus 90, while the variety of Weinghing came out with lowest SPAD value (1301).
Keywords: Dry beans, GDD, Spad
148 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
CLIMATE CHANGE THE PALESTINIAN CASE
Alai D. Bitar
Al Quds Open University-Palastine
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT In recent years, the Arab countries have witnessed increasingly high temperature and less frequent and more intense rainfall. Water has emerged as one of the most vulnerable resources of the region. Arab countries’ warm climate causes drought and decreases available water, which affects agriculture. In the summer of 2012, the Arab East in general and Palestine in particular witnessed clear extreme changes in temperatures that, sometimes is more than ten degrees from the general annual increases in drought severity and humidity, even in areas distant from the Palestinian coast. The absence of strategies to take advantage of renewable energy sources in order to preserve the Palestinian environment. These could mitigate the negative effects on climate in the region and reduce Palestinian dependency on non-renewable energy sources like fossil fuel, the supply of which is controlled entirely by the state of Israel. Now more than ever, civil and official Palestinian institutions have much to do to limit the use of energy from oil that endangers the environment and human health and/or to replace it, where possible, with clean renewable energy. Areas of focus may range from awareness and training to the technical development of industrial, agricultural and service projects that use renewable energy such as solar, wind, biogas, and so on. this may include, solar electrification making the most of natural lighting, and so on. It can be said that both the environmental climatic and national development dimensions require serious work towards freedom from absolute Israeli domination of fuel and electricity as well as the establishment of infrastructure to generate electricity from solar energy and other forms of renewable energy This study aims at contributing to this kind of research by outlining trends and indicators related to climatic infrastructure and reality in Palestine. It also discusses existing policies and strategies, and makes further recommendations, to address climate change on the Palestinian. In addition, the study proposes ideas, solutions and practical mechanisms to reduce carbon emissions within local economies and to encourage and promote the use of environmentally- and public health- friendly energy alternatives. This study is aimed at large segments of society including: environmentalists, experts and environmental specialists, development workers, researchers and students, policy makers, NGOs, grassroots organizations, and the private, public, and government sectors. The aim of this study is to provide readers with the knowledge on trends, policies and applications needed to bring about a qualitative reduction in greenhouse gas emissions and to seriously confront climate change. Ultimately, it hopes to encourage different social, economic, and political strata to actively participate in alternative environmental development that works toward the establishment of environmentally clean communities and economies in palestine, free from pollutants and toxic emissions destructive to our climate, health and existence.
Keywords: : worm climate, Fossil Fuel energy, renewable energy, Carbon footprint, Green economy
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 149
THE DETERMINANTS OF MULTIDIMENSIONAL POVERTY USING LOGISTIC MODEL IN EGYPT
Kamal Sultan Mohamed Salem1, Rania Ahmed Mohamed Ahmed1 Khalid Shafik Ibrahim Alsehsah1
1Tanta University, Egypt
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
This paper presents the methodology and components in the multi dimensional poverty index (MPI) using a sample of 100 households in two areas from AlGharbia governorate (Egypt) at the first of 2015 . the (MPI) has the mathematical structure of one the ALKIRE and faster poverty multidimensional indicators corresponding to three dimensions : Education , Health and standard of living , at the same time we estimated a logistic Regression Model for analyzing the determinants of Multidimensional poverty . The main results are : 1- the (MPI) is estimated about 31% 2- the main determinants of Multidimensional poverty are : education of the household head the total income of the household , the area in which the household resides
Keywords: poverty measurement, Multidimensional poverty logistic Regression Model determinants of poverty
150 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
ASSESSMENT OF SHALLOW GROUNDWATER QUALITY OF GUERRARA REGION, ALGERIA
Mohamed Abdelmalek Khemgani1, Baelhadj Hamdi Aissa1&2, Abdrasul Alomran3 , Boulifa Salima¹
1Laboratory of Bio- geo- chemistry of dry areas – Kasdi Merbah University – p.B 511- Ouargla 30000 – Algeria 2Laboratory of ecosystems of dry and semi dry regions – Kasdi Merbah University – p.B 511- Ouargla 30000- Algeria 3Soil Science Department – Faculty of Food and Agricultural Science – king Saud University- Riyadh - Saudi Arabia
Correspondence author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The oasis of Guerrara is planted in the alluvium of the Zegrir river whose occasional risings allow the contribution and the formation of an alluvial soil. This soil is accompanied by a shallow groundwater that allowed the installation and the existence of a particular oasis agrosystem. Our work aims at the assessment of the shallow groundwater quality of Guerrara region. It’s a hydrochimic and piezometric characterization. For this, 30 piezometers (well) were studied in two periods (December 2011 and March 2012).The results of the piezometric study showed that the groundwater flow is generally in the directions: South-west to the south and southwest to northeast, where one notices a dome or hydraulic grade line sharing of groundwater representing the feed zone. The comparison between the piezometric measurements in the late dry season and those carried out at the end of the wet season, allows to determine the beats of the shallow groundwater with an average of about 0.8 m The values of EC showed that most wells exceed the standard with significant variations and generally they are between (0,91dS / m) for the wells P6 and (11,63dS / m) for the wells P28. During the seconde period, values of the EC are between (0.15 dS / m) in P6 and (8,87dS / m) for P1 In the study area, the results of chemical analyzes showed some variability of the mineralization. For the first period, values increase in the central portion of the zone, where the highest values are noticed to the wells 22, 14,28, 13 and 16 and are of the order of 0.98; 1.02; 1.1, 1.3 and 1.6 g / l respectively. For the second period, the highest values are noticed in wells 04, 06, 12, 13 and 15, and are of the order of 0.94; 0.97; 1; 1.06 and 1.3g / l respectively. The water has alkaline pH, and calci-bicarbonated chemical facies.
Keywords: Alluvium, shallow groundwater, piezometric, Zegrir river, Guerrara.
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 151
IMPROVING YIELD AND QUALITY OF 'THOMPSON SEEDLESS' GRAPEVINE BY GIBBERELLIC ACID, CYTOFEX AND CALCIUM CHLORIDE PREHARVEST APPLICATIONS
El-Abbasy U. K1, Mohammed S. M1, Fatma Ibrahim E.2 and Maha Abd El-Aziez H.2
1Horticulture Dept., Fac. Of Agric. Tanta Univ., Egypt 2Agric. Res. Center, Giza
Corresponding author’s email: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The objectives of this study are to evaluate the effects of the two growth regulators, cytofex and Gibberellic acid at 20 ppm two times (after fruit set and again at 4 mm berries diameter) alone or in combination with calcium chloride 0.5% at berry veraison on "Thompson seedless" vines yield, fruit quality at picking date. Thompson seedless grapes sprayed with the two growth regulators (Cytofex and Gibberellic acid) combined with calcium chloride (GA3+CPPU+CaCl2) showed significantly increase in total yield per feddan, and significantly increased some cluster quality parameters (weight, length, main rachis diameter). Moreover, it increased some berries quality parameters (firmness, removal force, berry volume, and volume of 100 berries) and reduced the percentage of berry decay, but it showed the highest titratable acidity and juice pH. Cytofex at 6 ppm alone or in companied with GA3 and CaCl2 showed significantly the highest berry diameter. Calcium chloride at 0.5% and control treatments showed significantly the highest SSC and SSC: acid ratio and the lowest percentage of titratable acidity. Moreover, it significantly increased the total sugars content, reducing sugars and non reducing sugars.
Keywords: Gibberellic acid, Calcium Chloride Preharvest Applications,
152 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
STUDY OF THE CORRELATION BETWEEN DIET AND CLOTTING ACTIVITY OF DROMEDARY’S GASTRIC COAGULANT EXTRACTS
Saliha Boudjenah-Haroun1, Wafa Souid1, Asma Balla1, Isselnane Souad2, Abderrahmane Mati 2
1Univ Ouargla, Fac.des sciences de la nature et de la vie, Lab. de Recherche sur la Phœniciculture, Ouargla 30000 Algeria 2Laboratoire de Biochimie Appliquée et de Biotechnologie (LABAB), Université M. Mammeri de Tizi Ouzou, Algérie
Correspondence author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Recently several researches showed that gastric enzymes extracted from the abomasums of Algerian camels (Camelus dromedaries) were effective for coagulation of camel and bovine milk. The objective of this work is to study the influence of diet on the clotting power of these crude enzyme extracts. Animals (sources of rennet) are selected according to the fact that they are not weaned, mixed feed or weaned. In carrying out the extraction method of Valles and Furret), three extracts were obtained and designated by E UWA (unweaned animals), E MFA (mixed feeding animals) and E WA (weaned animals). Their coagulant activity was calculated. Affinity relative to the bovine and camel milk, depending on the temperature and renneting pH was estimated by the time of flocculation of the milk. Commercial rennet was used for comparison. The results showed that these extracts differ in coagulating power. Those extracted from weaned animal that are endowed with a higher power coagulating (0,530 ± 0020 UP). Two curds (cattle and camels) treated with the weaned extracts were obtained. Sensory evaluation of these curds and the study of their texture enhance the possibility of using extracts coagulants of weaned camels as a substitute for commercial rennet.
Keywords: Algeria, cheese, coagulation, dromedary, gastric extracts, milk
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 153
ENVIRONMENTAL RISK PERCEPTIONS OF STUDENTS IN FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE IN TURKEY
Seyit Hayran1, Tuğce Ugur, Dilek Bostan Budak, Aykut Gül
1 Çukurova Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi, Tarım Ekonomisi Bölümü, Adana
Correspondence author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Various environmental problems are related with wrong risk perception about the environment as well as insufficient interest, behavior and information. The purpose of this study was to analysis environmental risk perception of students in faculty of agriculture in Turkey. Data were obtained in 20 – 22 April 2015 from face-to-face interviews of 73 students who join to Fifth National Student Congress on Agriculture in Adana Province. Environmental Risk Perception Scale developed by Slimak and Dietz (2006) was used in the study. The result of factor analysis showed that the scale consists of 8 factors explaining 74,20 % of total variance. The internal consistency coefficient Cronbach Alfa of the scale was 0,887 and KMO was 0,751. According to the students three most important environmental risk factors are respectively acid rain, global warming and petrol exploration and transport in sea. Students environmental risk perception was found to be above average show that awareness of student about environmental problems is high.
Keywords: Environmental risk perception, Students, Faculty of agriculture, Environmental education, Turkey
154 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
WATER DEFENSE BEHAVIOR OF EGYPTIAN FARMERS
Esam Mohamed El-Baaly1, Ahmed Maher El-Gohary1 Mokhtar Mohamed Abd-Ellah1
1Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Egypt
Correspondence author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Water is a major environmental component on which humans depend in farming, industry, and domestic activities. But many countries, including Egypt, are facing critical water situations (2;6,7) shortage of available water coupled with the pollution of limited water available are two facts contributing to the existing water situation. Water shortage has been the concern of researchers for decades (1,3,4,5,8,9). But water quality has been confined to dealing with water pollution behavior. The concern with protecting water from the widespread polluting human action is absent. The purpose of this paper is to assess water defense behavior among Egyptian farmers.
Keywords: Egyptian farmers, farmers behavior, water defense
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 155
PROBLEMS AND PROPOSALS FOR SOLUTIONS OF THE CARROT CULTIVATION FARMS IN TURKEY
Sedat YOKUŞ1, D. Ali ÇARKACI1, Osman ÖLMEZ1, Metin TAN2, Nazan İLGÜNOĞLU2, Orhan KARA3, Zeyni AKTAŞ3, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ufuk KARADAVUT4, Prof. Dr. Cevat AYDIN5
Soil, Water and Deserting Control Research Institute – KONYA/ TURKEY1 Soil, Fertilizer and Water Resources Central Research Institute – ANKARA / TURKEY 2 Alata Horticultural Research Institute – MERSİN / TURKEY 3 Ahi Evran University The Faculty of Agriculture Deparmant of Animal Science – KIRŞEHİR / TURKEY 4 Selcuk University The Faculty of Agriculture Deparmant of Agricultural Machinery and Technologies Engineering – KONYA / TURKEY 5 [email protected]
ABSTRACT This research has been conducted in agricultural enterprises farm of 571.129 tonnes of carrot in Turkey (94.86 %) were grown in Konya, Ankara and Hatay. In this study, total of 135 surveys has been conducted in Meram county in Konya, Beypazarı county in Ankara, Kırıkhan county in Hatay made intensive cultivation of carrot. The enterprises engaged in carrot agriculture and encountered problems and solution recommendations have been attempted to determine. Keywords: Carrot, carrot cultivation, Turkey, Konya, Ankara, Hatay.
156 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
THE OHMIC HEATING SYSTEM IN FOOD INDUSTRY
Duygu BALPETEK KÜLCÜ1, Ümit GÜRBÜZ2
1 Giresun University, Engineering Faculty, Food Engineering Department, Giresun, Turkey 2 Selçuk University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Food Hygiene and Technology Department, 42003 Konya/ Turkey
Correspondence author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Developing new technologies has an important role in providing healthier, tastier and more nutritious functional food for consumers. In this review, the ohmic heating method, which is employed in food industry and is being developed currently, is discussed in the light of the researches done recently.
Keywords: ohmic heating system, food industry, new technologies in food
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 157
THE INFLUENCE OF CIGARETTE SMOKING ON SERUM LIPID LEVELS AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES IN ELBASAN DISTRICT
Mimosa Kuci1, Tefta Rexha2, Mirela Lika2
1Hospital Center of Elbasan Clinical- Biochemical Laboratory Elbasan, Albania 2University of Tirana, Faculty Natyral Science, Department of Biology, Tirana, Albania
Corresponding author’s email: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Cigarette smoking is considered an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases which means the risk of coronary heart disease and stroke. Smoking is as widespread and significant as a risk factor that is called as “the leading preventable cause of disease and death”. The effects of cigarette smoking in atherosclerosis initiation and progression as well on its complications are mostly responsible for the enhanced cardio and cerebrovascular risk observed in smoking and nonsmoking. The aim of this study was to see the effect of smoking on serum lipid levels and to compare the deference in the levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels in smokers and nonsmokers. Fasting blood samples were collected for lipid profile from 350 persons that were presented in the hospital laboratory of Elbasan. 150 of them were regular smokers and 200 were nonsmokers. The two groups matched about age and sex. A questionnaire was used to take information about their age, family history with dyslipidemia, cigarette smoking, high blood pressure, alcohol consumption, height, weight, obesity, physical activity. The patients that match the exclusion criteria were excluded. The data collected were analyzed using SPSS V20. We found that cigarette smokers were characterized from higher levels of total cholesterol (222±110.2 mg/dl) and LDL-cholesterol (148±23.7 mg/dl) (p <0.05) than non- smokers T C (168±96.3), LDL-ch (124±30.8). Mean serum triglycerides level were significantly high (p <0.01) at smokers than non smokers. Smoking and a comparatively low HDL-cholesterol (p <0.01) were associated. Cigarette smoking affects on serum lipid levels which increases the risk for developing cardiovascular diseases.
Keywords: cigarette smoking, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides
158 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
EFFECTS OF SOME FARM PRACTICES ON MILK PRODUCTION IN DAIRY FARMS OF SAMSUN PROVINCE OF TURKEY
Savas Atasever1, Huseyin Erdem1, Kursat Demiryurek2
1Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ondokuz Mayis, 55139-Kurupelit, Samsun, Turkey 2Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ondokuz Mayis, 55139-Kurupelit, Samsun, Turkey
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Raw milk production is largely managed by small-scale farmers in Turkey. Therefore, revealing region based husbandrial applications in dairy operations can be seen a major process. The objective of this research was to determine the association of some farm practices with milk production levels of dairy farms in Samsun province of Turkey. Data including daily milk yield per milking cow (DMY), age of farmer (AF), experience in dairy farming (ED), record keeping (RK), membership to cattle breeders association (MCBA), presence of silage storage (PS), number of person in milking (NM), number of person in feeding (NF) and number of person in barn cleaning (NC) were collected by interviews with seventy-one randomly selected dairy farmers. One-way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis and independent samples t-test were used for evaluating the effects of ED, AF and other factors on DMY, respectively. Finally, AF and MCBA significantly (P˂0.05 and P˂0.001) affected DMY, and the mean DMY was estimated to be 8.890±5.692 kg/cow.
Keywords: Cow, milk yield, dairy husbandry, management
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 159
AGRICULTURAL USES OF FGD GYPSUM IN ÇUKUROVA REGION AS AN EXAMPLE OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENT APPLICATION
Şeref HACIOĞULLARI1, Fuat BUDAK1, Zeynep ZAİMOĞLU1
1Çukurova Üniversitesi, Çevre Mühendisliği Bölümü, 01330 Sarıçam, Adana
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Gypsum is calcium sulfate dehydrate, or CaSO4•2H2O, which can come from a number of sources. Mined gypsum is a common mineral found around the world in sedimentary rock formations, from which it is mined or quarried. Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) gypsum is a synthetic material of identical chemical structure produced as a byproduct from coal-fired power plants. Other sources of gypsum include phosphogypsum, citrogypsum and fluorogypsum, which are byproducts of different chemical manufacturing processes. Gypsum has many beneficial uses, including agricultural applications, wallboard products for residential and commercial buildings, as an ingredient in portland cement manufacturing, and as a filler ingredient in some foods and toothpaste. Because of its relatively high degree of purity, FGD gypsum can be used as a substitute for mined gypsum in many uses, while also realizing important environmental benefits that result from recycling this byproduct material. Both mined and FGD gypsum can be used as a soil amendment in a range of soil and hydrogeologic conditions. Gypsum can be used as a nutrient source for crops; as a conditioner to improve soil physical properties, and water infiltration and storage; to remediate sodic (high sodium) soils; and to reduce nutrient and sediment movement to surface waters, among other uses. In this study, agricultural uses of FGD gypsum in Çukurova Region have been investigated as an example of sustainable agriculture and environment application.
Keywords: Çukurova region, FGD gypsum, hydrogeologic conditions
160 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
RISK PERCEPTION AND MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES IN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION: A CASE OF ADANA PROVINCE OF TURKEY
Seyit HAYRAN, Aykut GUL, Ahmet S. ELMALI, Oguzhan ARIKAN, Mustafa F. YILDIZ
Çukurova University, Adana – Turkey
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
This study aims to determine and analyze farmers’ risk perceptions, risk management strategies in agricultural production. Data were obtained in 2015 production year from face- to-face interviews of 99 farmers in Yüregir and Karaisalı district of Adana province in Turkey. Factor analysis was used in data reduction to identify a small number of factors related to risk sources and risk strategies in this study. Then, multiple regression model was used to evaluate the influence of socio-economic characteristics on the farmers’ risk perceptions and risk management strategies using factor loadings. The results of this study show that the most important risk resource that the farmers' perceive is there are a lot of middlemens in agriculture and food market and risk management strategy that the farmers' perceive is producing at the lowest cost. The result of factor analysis showed that the risk scale consists of 5 factors explaining 60,66 % of total variance. The internal consistency coefficient Cronbach Alfa of the scale was 0,918 and KMO was 0,869. The risk management scale consists of 4 factors explaining 64,23 % of total variance. The internal consistency coefficient Cronbach Alfa of the scale was 0,944 and KMO was 0,910. According to the results perceptions were farmer-specific, a number of socio-economic variables were found to be related to risk and risk management. To improve risk management strategies is useful for farmers as well and might help them to avoid many risks and reduce losses.
Keywords: Risk, Risk Perception, Agriculture, Turkey
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 161
IMPROVING PHYTATE BOUND PHOSPHORUS BIOAVAILABILITY OF SORGHUM BY BROILERS USING PHYTASE ENZYME
Sarzamin Khan1, M Subhan Qureshi1 and Asad Sultan1
1Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences The University of Agriculture, Peshawar-Pakistan 25210
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Anecdotal information in our region suggests that high-density broiler production result in the enormous amount of nutrients losses to soil contributing environmental pollution. Of major concern is the phosphorus leaching from poultry wastes mainly due to incomplete or partial digestion of phytate bound P and nitrogen in cereal grains that constitute 50-60 % of poultry ration. Feed enzymes can be used as an effective strategy to help in improving of nutrient utilization by broilers but also assists in making the environment safe. Certain cereals are highly rich in antinutritional factors and it becomes obligatory to use enzymes to enhance its nutrient availability. The potential benefits of supplementing phytase enzyme in three bioassay diet of sorghum (918 g/kg, sole source of protein) was evaluated to target phytate and improve phosphorus and nitrogen availability by broilers at day-21. Experimental bioassay diets in mash form were prepared and Celite® (Acid insoluble ash; AIA) was used as an indigestible marker. Three diets, a control (Ph-0) and to other were added phytase enzyme (10000 FTU/g) at level of 0.01% (Ph-1) and 0.015% (Ph-2) and were stored in plastic bins in cool room (4 0C). Feed, digesta and faecal samples were collected, processed and analysed using standard lab protocols for nitrogen, phosphorus and phytate. Ileal nitrogen digestibility was significantly enhanced (3.7 and 5.3%, respectively) and faecal nitrogen loses were significantly reduced (46%) in enzymes supplemented groups. Phosphorus retained (digestibility coefficients) in the tract in treated group was 0.35 (Ph-1), 0.37 (Ph-2), respectively, to non-treated control group (Ph-0; 0.17). Similarly enzymes supplemented groups had higher phytate digestibility (0.55 and 0.57, respectively). pH of the bedding material in phytase treated group was similar and numerically lower (6.6) to control group (7.4). Soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) was reduced (p<0.05) in phytase supplemented groups. These findings revealed that feed enzymes improved nutrient digestibility of sorghum and potentially can minimize nutrient.
Keywords: Sorghum, broilers, phytase, nutrient digestibility
162 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
SOME INFLUENTIAL FACTORS ON EGYPTIAN FARMERS' KNOWLEDGE ABOUT BIO – FERTILIZERS
Ahmed Maher El-Gohary1, Esam Mohamed El-Baaly1, Mokhtar Mohamed Abd-Ellah1
1Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Egypt
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
This study aimed to assess the effect of extension participation and personal variables on types of knowledge gained by Egyptian farmers. Three experimented treatments were designed as using PowerPoint in extension meeting, holding an evening extension meeting, and doing an extension field. The subject matter of the three treatments are the same, namely, bio-fertilizers, where three types of knowledge were provided. Those were knowledge about benefits of bio-fertilizers, knowledge about methods of applying bio-fertilizers, and knowledge about precautions to be considered in using bio-fertilizers. The three extension education activities were implemented in three distinct locations. A total 240 farmers voluntarily joined the three treatments. An equal number of farmers were included as a control groups making a total sample size of 480 farmers. An interview schedule containing 97 knowledge items was prepared and used for data were collected at the end of each experimental treatment. Collected data were coded and analyzed using multiple linear regress on the findings of the study were 1- The three extension educational methods, combined, explained 58.8%, 55% and 51.1% of the variance in. Each of the treatments made significant unique contributions in the regression equations, the order of the three treatments was similar with PowerPoint extension meeting at the top, followed by the extension in field and evening meeting. 2- The five personal variables, combined explained 13%, 15.7% and 13.2% of the variance in knowledge about benefits knowledge about application, and knowledge about precautions; respectively with all variables making a significant unique attribution in all regression equations. 3-The eight independent variables, combined, explained 61%, 59% and 54% of the variance in knowledge about benefits knowledge about application, and knowledge about precautions; respectively with the three extension treatments making significant unique contribution. Whereas the two personal variables of social participation, and farming status only make significant unique contributions in all regression equations. 4- It could be concluded that the majority of explained variance was due to the extension treatments. But personal variables are of little relevance. This was taken to mean that all farmers are equally able to learn.
Keywords: bio-fertilizers, extension educational methods, using PowerPoint in extension
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 163
THE INVESTIGATION OF SOME OF THE OPERATION PARAMETERS FOR REMOVAL OF COLOR FROM OLIVE MILL WASTEWATER BY ELECTRO- OXIDATION PROCESS
Sinan KUL1, Recep BONCUKCUOĞLU1, Alper Erdem YILMAZ1, Baybars Ali FİL2 and
Atila TAŞDEMİR1
1 Department of Environmental Engineering, Atatürk University, TURKEY 2 Department of Environmental Engineering, Balıkesir University, TURKEY
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
In this study results obtained from electrooxidation process with Ti/IrO2 /RuO2 anode was investigated for color removal from olive mill wastewater. Mixed metal oxide covered Ti/IrO2/RuO2 sieve-plates was used as anode material and titanium sieve-plates as cathode material. Stirring rates (0-600 rpm), dilution rate (1/5-5/5) and support electrolyte concentration (0,25-1,25 M) parameters were tested in subsequent reactor to investigate their effects on removal of color. According to results obtained, in electrooxidation process without stirring which NaCl was used as support electrolyte provided %99 removal of color from olive mill wastewater.
Keywords: Color removal, electro-oxidation, olive mill wastewater
164 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
EVALUATION OF CORRELATION BETWEEN MIXOGRAPH PARAMETERS AND SOME QUALITY TRAITS IN BREAD WHEAT
Mehmet Şahin1, Aysun Göçmen Akçacık1, Seydi Aydoğan1, Sümerya Hamzaoğlu1, Enes Yakışır1
1Bahri Dağdaş Uluslararası Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü Karatay/KONYA
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The quality of a wheat class is determined by its suitability for a specific final product. Many quality analysis is used to assess quality of bread wheat. Some analysis methods require large amounts of sample and analysis take a long time. The correlation between quality properties and mixograph parameters were investigated in this study. Mixograph parameters can be used for quality assessment in early generation of bread wheat breeding programmes. The Mixograph is a widely used predictive test with which end-use quality of many genotypes can be assessed in a short period of time in bread wheat breeding program. In this study, one hundred bread wheat sample were evaluated. One hundred bread wheat genotypes were grown under rainfed conditions during 2012-2013 growing season in Konya location. The flour samples were provided by milled using Brabender Junior mill (70 GG sieve) and then samples were analyzed with two replication. Protein content (PRT) of the flour was measured using Leco FP 528 analyzer (Leco Inc, St Joseph, MI) AOAC 992.23 (Anon. 2009). Zeleny sedimentation (ZLN) (ICC standard number:116) (Anon.1981), bread making with basic straight dough bread baking method AACC 10-09)(Anon. 2002), Mixograph properties were determined according to AACC approved methods 54-40A (Anon. 2002). The six main parameters of mixogram ; MMT:Mixograph mixing time(min), MPH:Mixograph mixing peak height(%), MRS: Mixograph right peak slope(%), MPW:Mixograph mixing peak Weight (Nm), MBE: Mixograph bandwith energy(Nm), MTE: Mixograph total energy(Nm) were used as the quality parameters. According to the results of the correlation coefficients, there were high relationships (p<0.01) between PRT and Mixograph MMT, MPH, MRS, MPW, MTE, Zeleny sedimentation, Bread V. Positive and significant (p<0.01) correlations between Bread volume and PRT ZLN, MPH, MRS, MTE were determined. This study indicates that mixograph parameters can be used as selection criteria in bread wheat breeding program.
Keywords: Bread wheat, mixograph , quality traits
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 165
EVALUATION OF ANTIHISTAMINIC AND ANTICHOLINERGIC ACTIVITIES OF EQUISETUM DEBILE ROXB.
Shahrukh Ali1, Muhammad Ovais Omer1, Muhammad Ashraf1, Allah Bukhsh2, Mueen 3 1 Ahmad Chaudhry , Hassan Mahmood Qureshi
1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Punjab, Pakistan 2Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences,University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Punjab, Pakistan 3Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, 54000, Punjab, Pakistan
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
This project was designed to evaluate antihistaminic and anticholinergic activities of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Equisetum debile. To evaluate antihistaminic and anticholinergic activities, E debile ethanolic (Ed.Eth) and E. debile aqueous (Ed.Aq) extracts were studied on isolated guinea pig ileum, rabbit jejunum and trachea mounted in tissue organ bath filled with physiological solution, aerated with carbogen and maintained at 370C. Tissue responses were measured by using isotonic and isometric transducers, connected with Power Lab Data Acquisition System. Ed.Eth and Ed.Aq showed a dose dependent (0.1-0.3 mg/ml) rightward shift in histamine concentration response curves and a more suppressant effect was observed in the case of Ed.Eth. Similarly, when tested on carbachol (1µM) induced pre contracted isolated jejunum and tracheal preparations,each tissue was completely relaxed at same dose of Ed.Aq and Ed.Eth with dose dependent significant (p < 0.01) manner but Ed.Eth showed significance at more no of dose compare to Ed.Aq. These data strongly suggest the presence of antihistaminic and anticholinergic properties in ethanolic and aqueous extracts of E. debile plant, which can be useful in the management of airways and gastrointestinal disorders.
Keywords: Equisetum debile, Antihistaminic, Anticholinergic, Bronchospasm, Spasmolytic, Antiasthmatic.
166 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
THE EFFECT OF STIRRING RATE, SUPPORT ELECTROLYTE TYPE AND TEMPERATURE ON COLOR REMOVAL FROM OLIVE MILL WASTEWATER
Sinan Kul1, Recep Boncukcuoğlu1, Baybars Ali Fil2, Alper Erdem Yilmaz1, Atila Taşdemir1
1Department of Environmental Engineering, Atatürk University, TURKEY 2 Department of Environmental Engineering, Balıkesir University, TURKEY
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
In this study removal of color from olive mill wastewater by electrooxidation results, which is one of the most commonly used advanced oxidation process for many industrial wastewater, were investigated. In electrooxidation process Ti/Pt sieve-plates as anode material and titanium sieve-plates were used as cathode material. In subsequent reactor effects of some parameters such as pH (2-8), support electroyle type (Na2SO4, NaNO3, KCl and NaCl) and temperature (10-50°C) on color removal were studied. As a result of electrooxidation processes, in optimum conditions when pH (4,6) was unchanged and at current density of 7.69 mA/cm-2 , %100 color removal from olive mill wastewater was reached.
Keywords: Color removal, electro-oxidation, olive mill wastewater
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 167
PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF TWO ARID SOILS IN ALGERIAN SAHARA
Mokhtar Karabi1, Baelhadj Hamdi Aissa1
1 Univ Ouargla, Fac. des sciences de la nature et de la vie, Lab. Biogéochimie des milieux désertiques, Ouargla 30000, Algeria
Correspondence author’s e-mail: karabi.mokhtar @ gmail.com
ABSTRACT
The Algerian Sahara is characterized by a heterogeneity of edaphic conditions and climatic dissimilarities; however, information on biological indicators of arid soils is weakly documented in this area. The researchers who have studied the biological activities of the soils of the arid regions have underlined their low organic matter content, particularly their very low rates of organic nitrogen; a low humification because seriously inhibited by a significant mineralization. The objective of this work was to study the soil microbial biomass densities and different soil organic matter fractions, under two arid soils in Algerian Sahara. The experiment was conducted in an alluvial soil in traditional palm grove of Guerrara, and in a saline soil in experimental field of university of Ouargla. Composite soil samples (10 subsamples each) were collected aseptically at 0-20 cm depth on two diagonal transects drawn over an area of 12 ha. The following germs densities were determined: Bacteria, Fungi, actinomyctes, algae, ammonifiants, nitrifiants. The soil organic matter fractions (free organic matter, fulvic acids, humic acids, Humin), the textural fractions (sand, silt, and clay), pH in water, and chemical attributes (organic C, total N, Ca, Mg, P, K, and CEC-cation exchange capacity) were also determined. The microbial groups count on both soils reveals that the bacterian microflora present a numerical superiority followed by the actinomycetes, fungi, and finally the algae. The density of the micro-organisms in the two soils except for fungi, showed a prevalence of the bacterian microflora, algae, actinomycetes and physiological groups (ammonifying, nitrifying) in the alluvial soil compared to the saline soil. The microbial species are assigned to variable degrees by salinity; thus the nitrifying germs are most sensitive. The density of the microorganisms in our two soils is influenced by the pedoclimatic conditions and the nature of the soil (moisture, texture, organic matter…). Fractionation of soil organic matter show that all the fractions are better represented in the alluvial soil with the exception of non-extractable organic carbon (NEOC) which are better represented in the saline soil. This confirms that the alluvial soil has a biological activity relatively large in relation to the saline soil and that the process of humification is relatively pronounced by comparing it with the saline soil, which tends to contain little polycondenses humic compounds.
Keywords: saline soil, alluvial soil, soil microorganisms, organic matter fractions, Sahara- Algeria
168 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
DEVELOPMENT OF A PLUG-FLOW BIODIGESTER WITH A SEMI- AUTOMATED MIXING DEVICE FOR HOUSEHOLD USE
Gbolabo A. Ogunwande
Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected], [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Mixing/stirring of substrates in a biodigester has been a major factor affecting the performance of household biodigesters. A 2.0 m3 plug-flow biodigester was fabricated using locally sourced materials (water storage plastic drum, PVC pipes, etc) to produce biogas for household cooking. A semi-automated mixing device fabricated as a framework of PVC pipes was installed in the biodigester and used to stir the substrates. An airbag was improvised using a tarpaulin material to store the biogas produced and was connected to a double-burner table top biogas stove at the kitchen for family cooking. The biodigester was fed every three days with household wastes (dog and rabbit urine and faeces and left over food) and operated differently under two regimes: with no mixing and with mixing five times daily. The results showed that the mixing device aided biogas production and improved the performance of the biodigester. Significant increase (73%) in biogas production was observed when the substrates were stirred. The bubbling sound emanating from the biodigester each time it was stirred suggested that trapped gas was being released from the scum stratum. The mixing device was easy to develop, install and operate and can be easily adapted to different sizes of plug-flow biodigesters. In conclusion, the developed biodigester is suitable for household biogas production and can perform better than the floating drum biodigester.
Keywords: Anaerobic digestion, biodigester, mixing device, biogas, airbag
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 169
FOLIAR APPLICATION OF POLYAMINES TO MANAGE WATER STRESS FOR IMPROVED GRAIN FILLING FORMATION AND YIELD IN RICE PLANT
Berahim Zulkarami1*, Ismail Mohd Razi1,3 Omar Mohd Husni1, Mohd Saud Halimi1, 2, Mohd Monjurul Alam Mondal3, Hossain Kausar1
1Laboratory of Food Crops, Institute of Tropical Agriculture, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia 2Department of Agriculture Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia 3Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
Corresponding author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Water stress is one of the key restriction factors in rice cultivation across the entire world. It reduces the production of rice, the incomes of farmers, stockpiles and increase import of rice. During water limiting condition filled grains are the most affected part in rice plant especially in booting stage. However, plants can adopt with such situation in different approaches together with better management practices. Foliar application of polyamines to rice plants could be a possible alternative method to manage water stress. The application of polyamines could influence the synthesis of starch, sucrose and enhanced the enzyme activity in rice grains. This chapter entails the action of polyamines in enhancing the grains filling of rice by the increase in the starch and sucrose synthesis both in glasshouse and field trials under water stressed conditions as a possible approach for the sustainable rice cultivation practices.
Keywords: Drought, rice, polyamines, foliar spray, filled grains and grain yield
170 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
VALORIZATION OF TREATED EFFLUENTS IN WATERING
Negais Hamza1, Idder Tahar1, Cheloufi Hamid1
1 Univ of Ouargla, Fac. Nature and life Sciences, Lab. of research on date palm cultivation, Ouargla, 30 000, Algeria
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The Oasis of Ouargla has benefited from a vast arrangement project. This project consisted in particular on the implementation of water-treatment plant by airy lagooning. This technique of waste water treatment is typically adapted to produce effluents corresponding to standards required for reuse in the field of watering plants. The objective of this study consists in examining, on a small scale, during a period of 6 months, the possibility of reusing effluents stemming from Ouargla’s water-treatment plant for watering Acacia farnesiana. Growth rates of acacia obtained through the use of purified water compared to those obtained through the use of drilling waters which we have used as a witness, of which at the end of the experience the acacia irrigated by drilling water has reached a height growth (106, 42 cm), twice more important than the one who has been irrigated with purified waste water (53, 71 cm). For the diameter, the acacia watered with drilling water has practically reached diameters (4, 53 mm) double than the one that has been irrigated with purified waste water (1, 95 mm).
Keywords: waste water treatment, watering, Acacia farnesiana, Ouargla’s oasis
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 171
EFFECT OF THE SUMMER ACCUMULATION OF TOXIC SALTS ON SALINIZATION OF BARED ARIDOSOLS (THE CASE ON OUARGLA BASIN/ALGERIAN SAHARA)
Abdelhak Idder1, Tahar Idder1, Imed-Eddine Nezli2, Aicha Serraye1, Mohamed Abdelmalek Khemgani 3
1Univ Ouargla, Fac. des Sciences de la Nature et de la vie, Lab. de Recherche sur la Phoeniciculture, Ouargla, 30 000, Algérie 2Univ Ouargla, Fac. des Hydrocarbures, des Energies Renouvelables, des Sciences de la Terre et de l’Univers, Lab. de Géologie du Sahara, Ouargla 30 000, Algérie 3 Univ.Ouargla, Fac. des Sciences de la Nature et de la vie, Lab. Biogéochimie des Milieux Desertiques, Ouargla 30 000, Algérie
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Our work is interested in the whole system consists of the bare soil / groundwater. It is proposed to explain the distribution of salts in the profiles and interactions that may arise during the summer period. The bare soil sandy studied subject to a climate strongly evaporating and ascending process of the salts from a saline groundwater and extremely shallow (C5S3 class), characterized by superficial saline accumulations and medians of type A and B (according to the classification of Servant, 1975). The physical characterizations of the soil indicate exclusively a sandy texture with interlocking visible crystals, which indicate an insignificant organo-humic complex. The formation and accumulation of salts are closely related to saline concentrations present in the soil solution. These two factors are attributed to the bare ground and intense evaporating. The important values of electrical conductivity, up to 62,51dS / m (water extract 1/5), are the consequence of the strong presence of salts associated with the distribution of cations and anions on the entire profile. The ionic component of the profiles examined is clearly unbalanced in favor of chlorine, of sulphate and sodium. The result is therefore a majority presence of salts formed from the cited ions, this is essentially the NaCl and Na2SO4,mainly at median and superficial horizons. We tried thereafter, for two months, to proceed with the development of part of this soil. This planning effort is based on the conduct of a companion, irrigation intensive followed by drainage. The values of electrical conductivity of this soil remained relatively still very high (in the order of 32 dS/ m), which makes this soil unsuitable for any development.
Keywords: bared soil, ground water, salinity, management, Ouargla basin
172 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
EFFECT OF STUBBLE GRAZING, TILLAGE AND NO-TILL SEEDER TYPE ON PEA/BARLEY FORAGE PRODUCTIVITY AND BOTANICAL COMPOSITION
F. Djellakh1, D. Sersoub1, O. Zaghouane1, H. Cicek2, M. Rekik2, S. Ates2, H. Ben Salem2, M. Louhaichi2
1Institut National des Grandes Cultures (ITGC), Algier, Algeria 2International Centre for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Amman, Jordan
Correspondence author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Crop stubbles are the major summer feed source for small ruminants in the southern Mediterranean. Stubble grazing leaves little or no residue on soil surface, increases soil compaction hence may impede the successful implementation of conservation agriculture. The objective of this trial was to investigate the effect of stubble grazing and tillage on soil quality, crop productivity and no-till seeder compatibility. An experiment was established in Setif, Algeria in 2014 (average annual precipitation 400 mm) using pea/barley (Pisum Sativum cv. Sefrou/Hordeum vulgare cv. Tichedrett) forage mixture seeded into grazed barley stubble. Here we report on the first year dry matter production of the trial. Main plots were stubble management (grazing versus no grazing) and the sub plots were tillage (tilled versus no-till) and seeder type (disk versus tine seeders). Barley stubble was grazed intensively (2000 sheep d ha-1) for 2 days by Ouled Jellal yearling ewes leaving 0.8 t ha-1 stubble on soil surface after grazing. Grazing, tillage and seeder type had no effect on total forage dry matter production. However, there were significant differences for dry matter botanical composition. Barley produced more dry matter (p = 0.083) in ungrazed plots (4.6 t ha-1) than grazed plots (2.6 t ha-1), and also under tillage (5.8 t ha-1) than no-till (4.1 t ha-1). Pea dry matter was lowest (P < 0.05) under no-till when seeded with disk seeder (0.4 t ha-1) and highest in tine and tilled treatments; 1 and 1.1 t ha-1 respectively. Similarly, weed dry matter was greatest under no-till when seeded with disk seeder (3.3 t ha-1) and lowest when seeded with tine seeder (1.7 t ha-1) and after tillage (1.4 t ha-1). Overall grazing appeared to have little impact on no-till seeded forage crops when tine seeder was used.
Keywords: Crop stubbles, southern Mediterranean, Pisum Sativum, botanical composition
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 173
EXPORTS OF FRESH FRUIT PRODUCTION IN TURKEY, PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED AND SUGGESTIONS FOR SOLUTION
1Ayhan GÜRBÜZER 2İsmail Hakkı KALYONCU 2Mithat Direk
1 Selcuklu Belediyesi, Konya-Turkey 2 Selcuk University, Faculty of Agriculture, Konya-Turkey
Correspondence author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Turkey is one of the world's major producer countries with the production of approximately 40 million tons of fresh fruits and vegetables. However, our export is around 4% of our production. It can be said to increase the share of fresh fruit and vegetable exports in total export with the spread of the applications like production of fresh fruit and vegetables such as quality and quantity, promoting the production of varieties in demand in international markets, harvest, storage and transportation problems related to product traceability, product safety issues and practices. In this study, made an overview of the stages of the production of fresh fruit market in Turkey, and some solutions to the problems established.
Keywords: Fresh fruit and vegetables, production, storage, transportation, export
174 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
DETERMINATION STUDIES ON SOME AGRICULTURAL TRAITS OF SOME DRY BEAN (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.) VARIETIES
Ramazan KELEŞ1, Hakan BAYRAK1, Gül İMRİZ1
1Bahri Dağdaş International Agricultural Research Institute, Konya, Turkiye
Correspondence author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
In this study, it was aimed to determine the varieties which were ecologically appropriate and having good performance for some of yield parameters in Konya. The plant materials of study was consisted of Akman 98, Göksun, Göynük 98, Karacaşehir 90, Noyanbey 98, Önceler 98, Yunus 90, Zülbiye varieties, and foreign originated variety Weighing. The trials were conducted through the growing season of 2014 according to Randomized Complete Block design with 4 replications. Evaluations of varieties were made by traits of plant height, first pod height, 100 seed weight, and seed yield capacity. According to results, the highest measurement for plant height was obtained from Göksun with 155.5 cm, while the lowest was obtained from Göynük 98 with 63.0 cm. Among the varieties Göksun showed the best performance for first pod height (18.5 cm) and the lowest first pod height was obtained from Göynük 98 (11.9 cm). For the number of pods per plant, the maximum amount of pods was obtained from Karacaşehir (44.5 pods per plant), while minimum amount was obtained from Zülbiye (27.3 pods per plant). The highest seeds per pod was collected from Karacaşehir 90 (4.28 seeds per pods), the lowest was obtained from Noyanbey 98 (3.05 seeds per pod). Regarding to 100 seeds weight, maximum value was shown by Noyanbey 98 (45.3 gr), while minimum value was obtained from Karacaşehir 90 (18.6 gr). For seed yield capacity, the maximum yield value was obtained from Weinghing with 407.5 kg/da, the lowest was given by Zülbiye with 166.0 kg/da. The correlations between yield parameters was analyzed and the highest positive correlation was determined between seed yield capacity and pods number per plant (0.80**), and the highest negative correlation was obtained between 100 seed weight and pods number per plant and also 100 seed weight and seed numbers per pod (both were -0.56**).
Keywords: Dry beans, yield, yield component, correlations
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 175
THE IMPORTANCE AND AGRICULTURAL USAGE OF WILD ROCKET (Diplotaxis tenuifolia (L.)DC)
Ramazan Acar1, Behiç Coşkun2, M. Musa Özcan3, Cahit Özcan2, Abdullah Özköse1, Nur Koç1
1Selcuk Univesity, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Field Crops 2 Selcuk Univesity, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Zootechnics and Husbandry 3Selcuk Univesity, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Food Engineering
Correspondence author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Diplotaxis tenuifolia (L.)DC (Wild Rocket) is perennial plant and flowering during spring and autumn. Plant height is 30-70 cm and this plant has got deep taproot. Diplotaxis tenuifolia (L.) DC (Wild Rocket) is used in Europe and in many other parts of the world as human food. Moreover, it can be used for animal feed, vegetable, oil plant, pasture plant, herbal medicine, landscaping and beekeeping. It has potential to be used in different areas. We suggest that more research should be done on Wild Rocket (Diplotaxis tenuifolia (L.)DC).
Keywords: Wild Rocket (Diplotaxis tenuifolia(L.)DC), Human Food, Animal Feed
176 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
MAINSTREAMING NIGERIAN YOUTHS INTO ECOLOGICAL FRIENDLY AGRICULTURE: IMPLICATIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENT IN ABIA STATE, NIGERIA
Odoemelam L.E.1, Osahon E.1
1Department of Rural Sociology and Extension Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria
Correspondence author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Achieving food security in its totality continues to be a challenge in Nigeria because Nigerian agriculture is bedeviled with serious crisis. Climate change has poised serious threats to the attainment of Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in Nigeria. Attainment of development indices, poverty, education, food security, economic development, health, human rights, etc. as enshrined in the MDGs of the United Nations (UN) are negatively impacted by climate change. This paper observes that Nigeria is more vulnerable to the change with agricultural sector being the worst hit. It concluded that Nigerian youths have the potential for new ideas, and actions that can positively shape Nigerian agriculture. Though they seemed forgotten in Nigeria development agenda, they can and should be effectively mainstreamed into Eco-friendly agriculture as a surest panacea to the threat of global climate change in Nigeria so as to realize sustainable environment and livelihoods.
Keywords: Sustainable environment, youths, livelihoods and food security
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 177
WEEDS CAN WORK AS BIO-HERBICIDES IN WHEAT CROP, A NEW APPROACH OF ECO-FRIENDLY WEED MANAGEMENT
Imtiaz Khan
Agriculture University Peshawar, Faculty of Plant Protection Sciences, Weed Science Department, Pakistan
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Herbicides application for control of noxious weeds in different crop leaving many setback i.e. Environment spoiling human health injury, pollute the ground water etc. Allelopathy is an new field getting world wild popularity. Allelopahty is environment friendly techniques of weed managment. To suppress herbicidal control of weed, field trial were conducted at new farm (NDF), The University of Agriculture Peshawar during 2009-10. Ethanol or trichloromethane weed extracts of Ammi visnaga (toothpack weed) and Convolvulus arvensis (Field bind weed) were applied to field experiment at the rate of 1000 and 500 ppm, when wheat crop at 4-5 leaf stage. Trichloromethane extract of Convolvulus arvensis and Ammi visnaga were applied @ 1000 and 500 parts per million (ppm) significantly condensed the wild inhabitants to 33.7 per m2 in various treatment compare to weeds population (101.0 per m2) inside natural control but also increase and better the yield quality of wheat crop. Trichloromethane aqueous solution of Convolvulus arvensis at 500 parts per million show the highest grain yield yield of 1.2 tons per ha), in case of Ammi visnaga aqueous solution applied at 1000 parts per million show the maximum yield of wheat 1.1 tons ha per h1. These bio herbicide are environmental friendly, decrease air pollution (show no toxicity in wheat crop if recommended dose are little highly applied) and non hazard to micro organism. So series of experiment s must be conducted to confirm these results.
Keywords: Bio herbicides, environmental friendly, phytotoxic effect on weeds, wheat crop
178 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
IRRIGATION WATER USE CHARACTERISTICS OF FARMERS AND THEIR INTERACTION WITH IRRIGATION UNION IN BAFRA DISTRICT OF SAMSUN PROVINCE, TURKEY
Esin HAZNECİ1, Halil KIZILASLAN2
1University of Ondokuz Mayıs, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Economics, Samsun /Turkey 2University of Gaziosmanpaşa, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Economics, Tokat /Turkey
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The purposes of the study were to investigate the characteristics of supplier, Altınkaya Irrigation Union, and users of irrigation water, which were the main actors of irrigation supply system and to explore the interaction between farmers and union in Bafra irrigation area of Samsun province. Research data were collected from Altınkaya Irrigation Union and randomly selected 128 farms by using well-structured questionnaire. During the stage of socio-economic and water use characteristics analysis, classical economic analysis approach and descriptive statistics were used, respectively. Research results showed that Altınkaya irrigation union had not any activities oriented to modern irrigation methods, preparing irrigation project and management. The only service provided by union was distribution of the irrigation water to the farmers. In spite of the fact that the number of satisfied farmers from union services was more than that of others, sample farmers had the negative insight on the performance of union about maintenance activities. The main problem of the unsatisfied farmers was insufficient irrigation water. Since most farmers did not attend the any farmers’ education program, sample farmers were based on their experience and crop appearance when deciding the irrigation time. Similarly, they followed their neighbors when selecting the irrigation methods. Enhancing the farmers knowledge and skills on irrigation water use such as methods, technology etc. by means of designing extension and farmer education program may decrease the over use of irrigation water and problems of salinity and high level of ground water.
Keywords: Samsun, Bafra, farmers’ interaction with union, irrigation management, irrigation characteristics
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 179
WHEAT SEED PRODUCTION RESPONSE TO PRICE VARIABILITY IN TR83 REGION
Kerem HAZNECİ1, Vedat CEYHAN1
1University of Ondokuz Mayıs, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Economics, Samsun /Turkey
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The main purpose of the study was to explore the wheat seed production response to price variability in TR83 region of Turkey. The research data were collected from 72 wheat seed growing farms by using well designed questionnaire. During the stage of financial analysis and exploring the effects of seed prices variation on wheat seed production classical economic analysis approach and variable price programming were used, respectively. Research results showed that the second group of farms raising wheat seed was financially successful comparing to first group farms. Based on the results of the normative supply function, the supply of the wheat was inelastic. The supply price elasticity of wheat seed in first and second group farms was 0.78 and 0.02, respectively. Policy maker’s attention to the research findings related to supply elasticity when focusing on the price of wheat seed price may positively affect the production security of wheat.
Keywords: TR83 Region, Wheat Seed, Price Variation, Normative Supply Function
180 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
EFFECT OF CURCUMA (Curcuma roxb xanthorrhiza) AS FEED ADDITIVE IN BROILER RATIONS ON QUAIL PERFORMANCE AND AS AN ANTIBODY TITRES AGAINST ND
Tengku Eduard Azwar Sinar and Tuty Maria Wardiny
Faculty of Matematics and Science Universitas Terbuka, Indonesia
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
With the increasing public awareness of Indonesian in healthy nutrition, it is resulted in demand for animal products that are healthy and free of antibiotic residues also increased. One natural feed additive used as a substitute for antibiotic synthesis is Curcuma Roxb xanthorriza, which is often used by humans to increase of appetite and cure various diseases. Balitro (2008) states that ginger flour contains: 94.14% dry material, 53% starch, 9.04% fat, 9.88% protein, 2.26% fiber, essential oil 5.97%, 2% curcumin and 1.58 % xanthorizol. This content can work to improve kidney and anti-inflammatory. Another benefit of this plant rhizomes increase of appetite, anti-cholesterol, anti-inflammatory, anemia, anti-oxidants, cancer prevention, and anti-microbe. The aim of this research is to determine the influence of the ginger in broiler diets to the performance, the percentage of the carcass, and abdominal fat. A Completely Randomized Design was used to analyze the data. Two hundred DOC were divided into 4 treatment groups with 3 replications and 10 DOC in call now replicate. Four treatment diets were control diet with 0% Curcuma (R0); 1% flour Curcuma (R1), 2% of flour Curcuma (R2), and 3% of flour Curcuma (R3). The parameters observed were feed consumption, gain of body weight, feed conversion, percentage of carcass, abdominal fat and ability as a antibody titre against ND. The results of research showed that feed consumption, gain of body weight, carcass percentage, and abdominal fat of broilers were significantly different (p <0.05) for all treatment diets. Feed conversion and an antibody titres against ND did not show significantly different for all treatments. This research shows that 1% of flour Curcuma in diet gave the best results of the chicken's broiler compared with other dietary treatment, because the gain of body weight and percentage of the carcass are a higher and feed conversion is low but has not been able to reduce fat abdomen. In fact the level of 2% and 3% of flour Curcuma diet can reduce fat in the abdomen.
Keywords: broiler chicken, carcass, Curcuma xanthorriza Roxb, fat abdomen
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 181
EFFECT OF SUBSTITUTION NONI LEAF FLOUR (Morinda citrifolia) IN THE RATION ON PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY QUAIL EGGS
Tuty Maria Wardiny and Tengku Eduard Azwar Sinar
Faculty of Matematics and Science Universitas Terbuka, Indonesia
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Quail egg is one source of animal protein in Indonesia that is cheap and easily obtained by the public, but it has a complete nutritional contents. Therefore, farmers need to improve the productivity and quality of quail eggs by utilizing an alternative feed source. One of the alternatives is noni leaf, which has advantages in nutrient content and active substances. This study aimed to evaluate the level of noni leaf flour (NLF) in the ration that can impact on productivity and quality of quail eggs. Completely Randomized Design (CRD) is used to analyze the data obtained from this study. Seventy-two female quails aged four weeks were divided into four treatments and three replications. Each replication was consisted of six quails. Four treatments applied were: control without NLF in the ration (R0), 9% NLF in the ration (R1), 10% NLF in the ration (R2), and 11% NLF in the ration (R3). Parameters measured were feed consumption, egg production, feed conversion, egg weight, yolk weight, the weight of the egg white, eggshell weight, eggshell thickness, egg yolk scores and Haugh unit. The results showed that the scores yolk and Haugh unit (P <0.05) affected by the treatment However treatments did not significantly have effects on egg weight, yolk weight, the weight of the egg white, eggshell weight and eggshell thickness. The level of 11% noni leaf flour in the ration can improve the quality of quail eggs.
Keywords: egg quality, noni leaf flour, quail eggs
182 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE EFFECTS ON ECOLOGY
Sukru Dursun1, Fatma Kunt1, Zeynep Cansu Ozturk1, Blerina Vrenozi2
1Selcuk University, Engineering Faculty, Environmental Engineering Department, Konya, Turkey 2Faculty of Natural Sciences, Research Centre of Flora and Fauna, Tirana, Albania
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Climate fundamental provides limits opportunities of human activities and ecosystem functioning within global ecology. Climate changing could affect on alterations in the frequency and severity of droughts and floods; water supply; air, soil, and water quality; ecosystem health; human health; and resource use and the economy. Climate change may act through multiple pathways; interactions in and impacts on the global ecosystem can be different pathways. Within ecosystem environment, there are already numerous stressors that cause ecosystem change including land use change, pollution, eutrophication, invasion of exotic species, and acid precipitation. Climate changing should be considered as another agent of change acting in concert with other ecosystem stress. All over the world in many ecosystems, flora and fauna were affected with global warming and change of ecological environment change that many species in flora and fauna were under stress and some of them were lost the defence of ecological stress. Reduction of species number was also important effect on habitat. In this research, effect of global change on different ecological systems was investigated.
Keywords: Global warming, environment, soil, fauna, flora, habitat, ecological niche
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 183
ESTIMATION OF FIELD CAPACITY AND PERMANENT WILTING POINT USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS
Bilal Cemek1, Hakan Arslan1, Mustafa Guler2, Erdem Kucuktopcu1
1 Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Structures and Irrigation, Ondokuz Mayis University, 55139 Samsun, Turkey 2 Middle Blacksea Development Agency, Samsun, Turkey
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Soil moisture is one of the important subjects in agriculture. Determination of soil moisture is of great importance for irrigation planning and reservoir management. Field capacity (F.C.) and permanent wilting point (P.W.P.) is the actual soil moisture that varied depending on soil texture and structure. In order to estimate FC and PWP, 296 soil samples were collected from different areas of Bafra Plain. All data was divided into a training (%70) and test (%30) set. Soil texture parameters (sand, silt, clay) were input data for prediction of the two outputs (FC and PWP). In this study, different algorisms of artificial neural networks (ANNs) such as Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), Radial Basis Neural Network (RBNN), Generalized Regression Neural Network (GRNN) and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference Systems (ANFIS) were used for prediction of FC and PWP. In order to determine prediction capability of the models, determination coefficient (R2), root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) were used. The results showed that ANN models had greater performance in predicting F.C. and P.W.P. than pedotransfer functions.
Keywords: Artificial neural networks, Field capacity, Permanent wilting point, Soil texture
184 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY IN BROILER HOUSES HAVING DIFFERENT LITTER MATERIALS
Bilal CEMEK1, Erdem KUCUKTOPCU1 and Yusuf DEMİR1
1 Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Structures and Irrigation, Ondokuz Mayis University, 55139 Samsun, Turkey
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
A key factor of broiler management is maintaining litter quality. Higher temperature and humidity negatively affect litter quality. In the present study, the spatial variability of temperature and humidity values were compared in two broiler houses having different litter materials. In House 1 (H1) sawdust was used as litter material while sawdust with zeolite was used in House 2 (H2). Twenty-one sampling positions composed grid points, where measurements were placed at 3 locations across the width of the house (3 m apart) and 7 locations down the length of the house (15 m apart). The samples measured at human and bird height on a weekly basis. Recorded data were mapped on houses’ longitudinal sections by using ArcGis. The results indicated that temperature and humidity variations are more stable in H2. In H1, 'danger areas' that are characterized by heat stress coupled with high humidity were in center of the house. It was conclude that using zeolite with sawdust as litter material significantly increases litter quality of broilers.
Keywords: Broiler, litter, zeolite, spatial
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 185
SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY IN BROILER HOUSES HAVING DIFFERENT LITTER MATERIALS
Bilal CEMEK1, Erdem KUCUKTOPCU1 and Yusuf DEMİR1
1 Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Structures and Irrigation, Ondokuz Mayis University, 55139 Samsun, Turkey
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
A key factor of broiler management is maintaining litter quality. Higher temperature and humidity negatively affect litter quality. In the present study, the spatial variability of temperature and humidity values were compared in two broiler houses having different litter materials. In House 1 (H1) sawdust was used as litter material while sawdust with zeolite was used in House 2 (H2). Twenty-one sampling positions composed grid points, where measurements were placed at 3 locations across the width of the house (3 m apart) and 7 locations down the length of the house (15 m apart). The samples measured at human and bird height on a weekly basis. Recorded data were mapped on houses’ longitudinal sections by using ArcGis. The results indicated that temperature and humidity variations are more stable in H2. In H1, 'danger areas' that are characterized by heat stress coupled with high humidity were in center of the house. It was conclude that using zeolite with sawdust as litter material significantly increases litter quality of broilers.
Keywords: Broiler, litter, zeolite, spatial
186 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
ESTIMATION OF AMMONIA EMISSIONS RELEASED FROM BROILER LITTER USING DIFFERENT ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK MODELS
Bilal CEMEK1, Erdem KUCUKTOPCU1 and Paul PANDA1
1 Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Structures and Irrigation, Ondokuz Mayis University, 55139 Samsun, Turkey
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The objectives of this paper is to examine whether artificial neural networks (ANNs) can estimate ammonia emission in a poultry building. For this purpose, air temperature, relative humidity and ammonia concentration were measured in a poultry house. All data was divided into a training (70 %) and test (30 %) set. Indoor temperature (oC) and indoor relative humidity (%) values were input data for prediction of the ammonia emissions (ppm). In this study, different ANN models, that is, Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), Radial Basis Neural Network (RBNN), Generalized Regression Neural Network (GRNN) and Adaptive Neuro- Fuzzy Inference Systems (ANFIS) were compared. The determination coefficient (R2), root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) were used to assess models performance. The results show that MLP-LM model performs better than the other models.
Keywords: Ammonia, Artificial neural network, Relative Humidity, Temperature
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 187
REPRODUCTIVE PARAMETERS OF BEETAL DOES IN ACCELERATED AND ANNUAL KIDDING SYSTEMS
Nisar Ahmad1, Khalid Javed1, Muhammad Abdullah1 Afzal Ali1, Abou Saeed Hashmi2, Muhammad Ovais Omer3, Tanver Hussain4
1Department of Livestock Production, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore 54000, Pakistan 2Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore 54000, Pakistan 3Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore 54000, Pakistan 4Department of Molecular Biology, Virtual university of Pakistan, Lahore
Correspondence author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Pakistan possesses 25 breeds of goats, out of which Beetal goat is famous for its milk production. This breed stands at second in producing more number of kids after Teddy breed of goats, which is more prolific but produces only half liter of milk daily. Hence Beetal goat may be reared to cope per capita animal protein in the country. A study was conducted to ascertain the reproductive performance of accelerated kidding verses annual kidding system during a period of two years. The trial was comprised of 25 does which were randomly divided into two groups i.e. 25 animals. More kids may be achieved per doe by accelerated system of kidding which is more economical way as compared to annual kidding system. In order to have successful conception rate, supplementary feeding was provided. It was observed that initiation of estrus, kids’ percentage and fruitful conception rate was of the order of 8, 1.33 and 10%, respectively. It was found that in accelerated system, kids born as single and triplets were 1.94 and 20%, respectively. Moreover, it was found that the twin births were reduced of the order of 11.6% in accelerated system. Services per conception were found 1.64±0.81which were regarded as maximum. The litter size (LS) in accelerated kidding system was found to be 1.66±0.71.It was significant (P<0.05) as compared to maximum 1.19±0.04 (SPC) with 1.50±0.55 (LS) in annual kidding system.The data were analyzed by complete randomized design (Steel et al., 1997) using proc GLM procedure of SAS 1995 (SAS institute, carry, NC). Further studies with larger data set are needed to explore reproductive performance in Beetal goats under accelerated kidding system for the validation of the findings of current research.
Keywords: Reproductive performance, services per conception, accelerated kidding system, Beetal goat, Pakistan
188 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
ADOPTION AND DIFFUSION OF SILAGE MAKING FROM GRASS IN INTERIOR COAST AREAS OF RİZE
Çağatay Yıldırım1, Hatice Türkten1, İsmet Boz1
1Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Economics – Samsun
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this research, attitudes and behaviours of farmers towards the silage making from harvested grass have explored in Çamlıhemşin and Kalkandere districts of Rize province.In the research, exploring attitudes and behaviours of farmers toward making silage from harvested grass silage have explored in Çamlıhemşin and Kalkandere district of Rize. According to farms’ number of cattle it was divided into 2 layers and sampled farms were chose random sampling method with 76 farms. As a general, sampled farms’ size are small, they have small land produced together crop and livestock production. It was found that main problem of farms are insufficient workforce numbers and lack of technical information on basic cattle husbandry. Moreover, social and economic sustainability of the farms are decreasing day by day. On this research, silage making from grass, this technology which is the main subject of this research must be considered as an innovation for Rize on the Eastern Black Sea Region since it has not been used in the region. The region must also be considered as a disadvantaged region in terms of grass drying because the limitations of sunny days during the grass harvest season. Silage making from grass in not common not only in the region but also in other regions of the country where animal husbandry is an intensive incomes source for farmers. The first crop is being remembered for this purpose is maize. Although in developed countries silage making from grass is a valuable input for animal husbandry, because of lack of research and extension work it has not been publicized and adopted by farmers. This innovation will bring many benefits to the Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey because of the availability of different grass varieties. On the other hand silage making from grass will ease the work of farmers and provide enormous amount of labor save. Animal husbandry in the region, the most important input to reduce the cost of fodder, they will make positive contributions to the sustainability of the company with a better quality of animal production.
Keywords: Adoption, diffusion, silage, grass, sustainability, Rize
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 189
EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT of SALT STRESS and EVAPOTRANSPIRATION on LEEK (Allium Porrum L.) GROWTH AND YIELD PARAMETERS WITH 3D MODELS
Mehmet Sait Kiremit1, Hakan Arslan1, Bilal Cemek1
1Ondokuz Mayıs University, Faculty of Agricultural, Department of Agricultural Structures and Irrigation, 55139, Samsun, Turkey
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
High temperature and low humidity results in high transpiration which in turn influences negatively crop water potential through low yield and growth parameters. Effect of salt stress and evapotranspiration on leek yield and quality parameters (plant height, stem weight, evapotranspiration, water use efficiency, chlorophyll content, stem length, number of leaves, stem diameter) assessed using 3D models. An increase in irrigation water salinity resulted in a decline ET which had the effect of reducing crop yield. This study analyzed the effect of the changes in ET and soil salinity on leek’s yield and growth parameters. In plant salinity stress determination, water consumption as a second factor may be highly reflective of the effect of various climatic conditions on crop salt tolerance.
Keywords: Leek, Allium Porrum L., soil salinity, salt stress, evapotranspiration
190 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
THE EFFECT OF TWO FEEDING REGIMENS (PROGRAMS) UPON BROILER GROWTH PERFORMANCE, CARCASS TRAITS AND ECONOMIC INDICATORS
Mohammed I.A. Al-Neemi1, Mohammed S.B. Al-Hlawee1, Ilham N. Ezaddin1, Hesham J.Mosa1, Abbas F. Abdulkadir1, Alan I. Khalil1
1Kirkuk University, College of Agriculture, Kirkuk, Iraq
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
An experiment was conducted to study the effect of using two feeding regimens (programs) upon the broiler growth performance and processing traits. The first regimen (first treatment) was included two types of the broiler diet. The chicks received the starter diet from day-old to 28 days of age and the finisher diet from 29 days of age to 42 days of age (market age), in the Second regimen (Second treatment) the birds received three types of diets (Starter diets from 1-day-old to 21 days of age, grower diet from 22 days of age to 35 days of age while the finisher diet fed to broilers from 36 days of age to market age (42 days of age). Formulation of the diets was based on NRC standards. Experimental diets were formulated to have 3 levels of crude protein (23, 20 and 18 %) for the starter, grower and finisher diets respectively with a metabolized energy (3200 kcal/kg diet) in each starter, grower and finisher diets. The 1-day- old Ross-308 broiler chicks were randomly divided to 14 experimental pens, 25 chicks in each pen and each feeding regimen was included 7 replicates (pens) randomly. The experimental birds access ad libitum to water and feed. The birds maintained in environmentally controlled broiler house under litter floor. At 42 day of age each pen birds was evaluated for performance data were included live body weight (LBW), conversion ratio of feed, protein and energy to (LBW) and to hot carcass weight (HCW). The performance efficiency factor (PEF) and feed cost for production one kilogram of body weight (FC/BWP) and feed cost per one kilogram carcass production (FC/CWP) were calculated. Then 10 broilers (5 males and 5 females) were randomly selected from each treatment for processing data. Processing variables included HCW. The results at market age showed that broiler growth performance and HCW for the birds of second treatment (Second feeding regimen) was better than the first treatment (first regimen) birds.
Keywords: Feeding regimen, broiler, diet, growth performance, carcass traits
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 191
THE EFFECT OF USING LEVELS OF RED TIGER SHRIMP MEAL IN STARTER BROILER DIET UPON GROWTH PERFORMANCE
Mohammed I.A. Al-Neemi1, Mohammed S.B. Al-Hlawee1, Ilham N. Ezaddin1, Soz A. Faris1, Omer E. Fakhry1, Heemen S. Mageed1
1Kirkuk University, College of Agriculture, Kirkuk, Iraq
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
This objective of this study was to measure the effect of replacing different levels of animal protein concentrate with Red Tiger shrimp meal (RTSM) in the broiler starter diets. A total 300 broiler chicks (Ross_308) were randomly assigned in treatments dietary contained three different levels of RTSM (0.00, 4.16 and 8.32%) with a completely randomized design (CRD). Each treatment included four replicates (floor pens). The results of this study indicated that body weight gain (B.W.G), conversion ratio of feed, protein and energy (F.CR, P.C.R and E.C.R) were significantly (p≤0.05) decreased by Complete substituting (RTSM) for animal protein concentration (third treatment). Mortality percentage significantly (p≤0.05) increased for third dietary treatment. No significant differences were found for feed, protein and energy intake among treatments during the experimental period (three weeks). In conclusion, (RTSM) could be included to 4.16% in the broiler starter diet or substitute the protein Red Tiger shrimp as alternative of protein animal protein concentrate as much as 50%.
Keywords: Red Tiger shrimp, broiler, starter diet, growth performance, animal protein concentrate
192 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
ACUTE TOXICITY OF ANTIBIOTICS BY LEPIDIUM SATIVUM, DAPHNIA MAGNA AND VIBRIO FISCHERI TOXICITY METHODS
Süheyla Tongur1, Rıfat Yıldırım
1Selcuk University, Department of Environmental Engineering, 42031 Campus, Konya, Turkey
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Antibiotics are among the extensively used medications by humans and animals. Most of the antibiotics used by humans and animals are introduced into sewer system without undergoing any change through feces and urine, and discharged to aquatic environment directly or together with outlet waters of waste water treatment system. In this study, all three toxicity test when the test results are analyzed, different sensitivities for antibiotics with different characteristics. It was observed that the most sensitive values were obtained from Vibrio fischeri toxicity test method among others. In Lepidium sativum test, among animal antibiotics, Baytril-K was found to have maximum toxic effect difference between the root and the stem. Similarly, among human antibiotics, Azro had toxic effect on the rood but had a very toxic effect on the stem. In Vibrio fischeri test, when comparison was made in terms of times elapsed for reading the results, 8.8% of decrease was observed for animal origin Baytril-K antibiotics and 25% and 24.2% of increase were observed for Clemipen-Strep and Entervet, respectively. In toxic units of human origin antibiotics; 40.4%, 60% and 100% of increase were observed for Klindan, Tetra and Azro, respectively. In Daphnia magna test, when comparison was made in terms of times elapsed for reading the results, 61,25% and 224,5% of increase were observed for Baytril-K and Entervet, respectively. In toxic units of human origin antibiotics; 776,7%, 115% and 300% of increase were observed for Klindan, Tetra and Azro, respectively. Toxicity of antibiotics for plants and aquatic life was determined and different test methods used were compared in terms of sensitivity. This study is very important with regards to the evaluation of the applicability of the toxicity test methods used for such waste waters and shedding light on future studies on toxicity.
Keywords: Antibiotic, Vibrio fischeri, Daphnia manga, Lepidium sativum, toxicity
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 193
LAND MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON CASSAVA PRODUCTION IN AKINYELE LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, OYO STATE NIGERIA
I.O.Oyewo1, S.O.Adepoju2, M.O.Ojo3, E.O.Oyewo4, G.O Atanda5
*1, 3, 4 Federal College of Forestry, FRIN P.M.B. 5087 Jericho, Ibadan, Nigeria. 2Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, FRIN Ibadan Nigeria. 1,4Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B 4000 Ogbomoso
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Sustainable agricultural practices and food security has been a major activities in reducing poverty level in a farming system especially among Nigerian farmers, therefore the study analyzed the land management practices on cassava production in Akinyele local government area of Oyo state using descriptive and multiple regression analysis; data for the study was collected from 90 farmers from the three villages namely Olanla, Moniya and Akinyele with the use of a well structured questionnaire. The study revealed that 75.0% were male, 48.9% were married, 78.5% were between 41 and 71 years old, 76.1% had one form of formal education, 60.9% had 1-5 while 38% had 6-10 household size and 57.6% use hired labour, 77.2% practice commercial farming system, 37.0% of the farmers produce between 20-100 bags (50kg /bag) of cassava per hectare. The study also revealed that farm size 0.687 was positive and significant at 1%, extension agent visit -0.341 was negative but significant at 1%, labour used 0.144 was positively significant at 10%, while time visit -0.244 and cover crop - 0.148 were also negative but significant at 5% level. R2 was 0.664 which means 66.4% account for the level of variation in the cassava output in the study area. The major problems of farm practices identify include, inadequate extension agent visit to the farmers. The study therefore recommended that extension workers should be made available and pays more attention to the rural farmers in order to increase their production activities; cover cropping should be encouraged; while bush burning practice by farmer should be discouraged in order to sustained production.
Keywords: Sustainability, Impact, Farmers, Multiple regressions, Extension visit
194 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
A COMPUTER CONTROLLED IRRIGATION OF POTTED CHRYSANTHEMUM GROWN AT OUTDOOR CONDITIONS
Halil KIRNAK
University of Erciyes, Agriculture Faculty, Biosystem Engineering Department, Kayseri-Turkey
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
A rapid and reliable method to estimate water requirements for chrysanthemum production with practical applications to commercial operations was developed to promote water conservation. A water-requirement prediction equation (R2 = 0.71) that used class A pan evaporation along with plant-canopy height and width as input variables was generated. Equation verification was carried out by comparing vegetative growth and quality of crops irrigated according to the generated water-requirement equation to crops irrigated based on demand and conservative fixed daily irrigation regimes. Vegetation growth of the plants irrigated with the generated equation were smaller than plants grown by demand irrigation, but plant quality was not significantly different. Applied water was significantly lower for plants irrigated with the generated equation than would normally be applied in a commercial operation using a conservative fixed daily irrigation rate.
Keywords: Evapotrasnpiration, automation,potted plants, soil moisture.
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 195
USE OF CLUSTER ANALYSIS TO EVALUATE THE SURFACE SEDIMENT QUALITY: A CASE STUDY OF A LARGE BORATE RESERVE LAND IN TURKEY
Cem Tokatlı1, Arzu Çiçek2, Esengül Köse3
1Department of Laboratory Technology, İpsala Vocational School, Trakya University, İpsala, Edirne, Turkey 2Applied Environmental Research Centre, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey 3Department of Environmental Protection and Control, Eskişehir Vocational School, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Turkey has 70% of the total boron reserve of the world. Kırka county of Eskişehir Province that is located in the border of Seydisuyu Stream Basin is one of the most important borate deposits containing area of Turkey. It known that boron content of geological structure is significantly effective on arsenic levels in general and arsenic may accumulate in the environment through use of arsenical pesticides and application of fertilizers in agricultural activities. In addition to the geologic structure of the Seydisuyu Stream Basin, mining activities, agricultural and domestic discharges are the major pollution sources for the system. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the sediment quality of Seydisuyu Stream Basin by a statistical perspective using Cluster Analysis (CA) by investigating arsenic and boron concentrations in sediment samples. For this purpose sediment samples were collected from 15 stations (3 of them from the Çatören Dam Lake and 2 of them from the Kunduzlar Dam Lake) in summer season of 2012. Arsenic and boron accumulations were measured by using ICP-OES device and Cluster Analysis (CA) was applied to detected data in order to classify the investigated stations according to similar contamination characteristics. According to the results of CA, seven statistically significant clusters were formed with the similar arsenic and boron contents. And the closest station to the Boron Mine that is known to be exposed to a point discharge by means of mining activities formed a separate cluster as the highest contaminated location for the basin in terms of arsenic and boron.
Keywords: Seydisuyu Stream Basin, Sediment Quality, Arsenic, Boron, Cluster Analysis
196 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
EFFECT OF SALT STRESS ON ANTIOXIDANT ENZYME ACTIVITY OF FUJI APPLE GRAFTED ON TWO CLONAL ROOTSTOCKS
Hakan KELES1, Servet ARAS2 and Ahmet EŞİTKEN2
1Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bozok, Yozgat, Turkey 2 Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Selcuk, Konya, Turkey
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Plants are exposed upon many abiotic stresses such as salinity, water stress, low temperature in environment and among these stresses, salinity possesses many malignant effects on plant growth and yield. Salt stress may have deleterious effects on plasma membranes, inhibition of plant growth and inhibits protein synthesis and enzymatic activities. It is important to determine mechanisms of stress tolerance to salinity. In this case, antioxidant enzyme activities take a significant place. In our experiment, the effects of NaCl in the irrigation water on antioxidant enzyme activity were studied. An apple plant cv Fuji grafted on M 9 and MM 106 clonal rootstocks was chosen for the experiment with following a randomized plot design involving three replications, with 2 plants per replication. Up until the start of the experiment, all plants were irrigated with tap water and then duration of the experiment plants were watered with 35 mM NaCl solution. End of the study, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and malondialdehyde (MDA) antioxidant activities were determined and will be discussed.
Keywords: fuji apples Antioxidant Enzyme Activity, Salt Stress
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 197
AGRO ECOSYSTEMS IN THE BASIN OF OUARGLA (ALGERIA): DEVELOPING A TYPOLOGY AND ANALYSIS OF OPERATION
Benbessisse Yamina1, Bouaamar Boualem1
1University Kasdi Merbah Ouargla, Fac. Science of Nature and of Life, Lab. Research on Date Palm, Ouargla, 30000, Algeria
Correspondence author’s e-mail: [email protected], [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The oasis agro-ecosystem is the most important reason for human settlement in the desert; it plays a fundamental role in the balance and stability of society in this arid environment. Plantations of palm trees in the basin of Ouargla were the outline of a life and the foundation of oasis society. The importance of these oases is not limited only to profitability, but especially regarding the viability and sustainability of an ecosystem where man is the main element. Traditional agriculture was considered the main economic activity of the oasis population whose production is intended primarily for home consumption (subsistence farming). This oasis in recent years has suffered extreme neglect and severe degradation, threatening the existence of this heritage. The ancient agricultural system that constitutes the bulk of these palm groves, suffered several economic constraints and mainly sociological, which makes any intervention difficult rehabilitation or impossible. Because of these problems, we have tried to penetrate to the bottom of the palm groves and try to touch the real constraints and problems, and even to allow the assets to develop a typology of agro-ecosystems. This aims at a better understanding of the true causes of the degradation of palm groves.
Keywords: Agro-ecosystem, oasis, basin of Ouargla, typology.
198 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
THE OPTIMIZATION OF CULTURE CONDITIONS OF A STRAIN PRODUCING BACTERIOCINS ISOLATED FROM CAMEL MILK
Siboukeur O., Siboukeur A. and Saouli S.
Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université Kasdi Merbah Ouargla, Algeria
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The camel milk differs from other milks by the presence of a powerful protective system related to relatively high levels in lysozyme, lactoperoxidase, lactoferrin, component -3 of proteose- peptons (PP3), organic acids, hydrogen peroxide and in bacteriocins produced by the lactococci. These lactic acid bacteria are widely used as preservatives in the industrial sector including the food industry. The objective set for work aimed optimizing growing conditions of a strain of Lactococcus lactis sub.sp lactis isolated from camel milk in view the production of bacteriocins ' type nisin. " These lactic acid bacteria are widely used as preservatives in the industrial sector including the food industry. To do this, different concentrations of glucose and fructose (0.25%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2%) have been added to both M17 and MRS culture media. The strains have been incubated for two different time of incubation (18 and 24 hours). The growth of bacterial in these modified environments has been measured by turbidity and pH evolution. The results have showed that the growth of bacterial is better in M17 culture media supplemented with 1% fructose after 24 hours of incubation.
Keywords: milk, camel, culture, Lactococci, optimization, fructose, glucose, M17, MRS
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 199
MANAGEMENT OF ALTERNATE BEARING DILEMMA IN PECAN THROUGH FOLIAR ETHEPHON THINNING IN NEW MEXICO, USA
Shad Khan Khalil1, John Mexal2, Abdur Rehman1, Said Wahab1, Amanullah1, I.H. Khalil1 , Zahid Hussain, 3,Amir Zaman Khan1
1 The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan 2New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, USA, 3= Bacha Khan University, Charsadda, Pakistan
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Alternate bearing is a serious problem in pecan [Carya illinoensis (Wangenh.) C. Koch] production which result in excessive fruits of low quality in one year, usually followed by very low fruit next year and the growers end up with low economic return in both years. Application of foliar ethylene has been used successfully as an alternative method for fruit thinning with little available information on pecan. The aim of this research was to evaluate effect of various levels of ethephon on pecan fruit thinning, yield and quality. Five ethephon treatments (0, 200, 400, 600 ppm, water spray) were applied to 27 year old pecan cultivar Wichita at Leyendecker Plant Science Center, College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, USA. Foliar ethephon was applied as a source of ethylene. Foliar ethephon significantly increased leaf chlorosis, leaf defoliation and kernel quality and reduced total kernel weight, but showed non significant effect on number of nuts at harvest. It is concluded that 600 ppm foliar ethephon could be used to obtain good quality nuts during year of excessive fruit load and may increase fruit set in the following year of low crop load enabling the growers to get maximum profit on regular basis from pecan orchards.
Keywords: Ethephon, fruit thinning, yield, quality, pecan
200 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
PRODUCTION EFFICIENCY OF FISH FARMING IN IBADAN IBARAPA ZONE OF OYO STATE, NIGERIA
Sanusi W.A,Ige, Deborah Abosede
The Department Of Agricultural Economics, Ladoke Akintola University Of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
This study investigates fish farming productivity by estimating the level of technical efficiency for a sample of fish farmers in Ido and Oluyole local government. Data was obtained from the respondents through a well structured questionnaires and interview schedule. In this study, a total of 60 fish farmers were selected using multistage sampling techniques. Descriptive statistical tools were used to analyze the socio economic characteristics of the farmers and constraints facing them. Gross margin analysis was used to analyze costs and return. DEA analysis was used to determine their efficiency, while tobit regression model was used to analyse determinants of efficiency. The study revealed that about 68.3% chose fish farming as their minor occupation, 63.3% engaged in fish farming for family consumption, 86.7% did it for sales. 70% have 1-5 years of fish farming experience, 66.67% have 1-10 years of farming experience, 75% operated only 1 pond each. 40% of the respondents acquire their land through inheritance, 46.7% used earthen pond, 76.7% are members of cooperative society and 66.7% had no access to credit. The finding shows that fish farming was profitable with net farm income of N374100.09 per fish farmers in the study area. Majority of the fish farmers are relatively technical efficient in their use of resources with mean technical efficiency of 84.9%, 89.0%, 95.5%, under CRS, VRS, and SE respectively. Farmers’ sex and fish farming experience had inverse relationship with the efficiency of fish farming in the study areas, farmers’ age had direct relationship under both CRS and VRS, while access to credit had direct inverse relationship with efficiency under SE specification. The analysis shows a slack of 4.184kg, 2,972.091m2,2,411.008kg, N112,119.49 and 2,284.597; in fish output, pond size, feed, labour and number of fingerlings respectively. Major problem facing the fish farmers were limited access to credit, marketing, transportation and access to quality feed. The study therefore concluded that measures should be taken to improve technical efficiency, in order to bridge the gap between fish demand and supply, to bring about self- sufficiency in fish production.
Keywords: fish farming, fish production, Oyo State, Nigeria
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 201
PREDICTING NITROGEN REQUIREMENTS TO AUGMENT GRAIN PROTEIN IN SPRING WHEAT MAY IMPROVE NITROGEN EFFICIENCY
Joel Ransom1, Grant Mehring1, Matthew Chaput1
1North Dakota State University
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Hard red spring wheat is a premium class of wheat in North America because of its high protein and gluten content. The market offers a discount or a premium when protein levels fall below or exceed 14%. Newer varieties have higher yield but often produce lower protein levels. Furthermore, when conditions are favorable for yield, protein levels tend to be lower than expected. Being able to predict the need for additional in-season nitrogen to ensure adequate protein levels could help growers meet the quality standards of the market place. It can also help reduce the risk of applying more nitrogen in the spring than is required, thus increasing nitrogen use efficiency, especially in relation to the efficiency of nitrogen used for protein production. The plant attributes NDVI, SPAD, flag leaf nitrogen, and relative greenness were found to be predictive of protein when measured after flag leaf emergence and can be used to help determine if a foliar application post flowering of urea ammonium nitrate might be profitable. The same measurements earlier in the season were less predictive of protein but may have some value in predicting yield. Simple models that might predict yield based on early season weather data were also tested for their ability to predict yield and protein and these results will also be discussed.
Keywords: NDVI, foliar fertilization
202 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
TURKISH FARMERS’ PERCEPTION AND EXPECTATIONS ON FUTURE OF ROSE OIL MARKETS
Tufan BAL-Bahar DURKUT
Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Suleyman Demirel University, 32220, Isparta, Türkiye
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
There are more than 10.000 rose farmers in Turkey and 8.700 of them lives in Isparta province. The revenue from rose oil and rose production exportation in Isparta is approximately 15 million Euros in 2012. Most of rose oils produced goes to exports mainly France, USA and Germany. Turkey is leading country in terms of total rose oil and rose product production in the world and its main competitor is Bulgaria. Along with Bulgaria’s access to European Union in 2008. Bulgaria began to get some financial supports for rose farming. In this study, farmer perception and expectations of rose farmers on future of rose oil markets for Turkey were investigated. For this reason, farm survey is conducted with 109 rose farmers in 2013. According to results, state supports for rose farming for farmers is found insufficient. Almost half of (47,7%) participant to survey indicated that Bulgaria’s accession to EU has negative effects for Turkish rose farmers. Most of producers has expectations from Gulbirlik (The biggest rose producer union in the region) in order to find new markets for rose oil in the world and Turkish state should create a new strategies for negative effects on rose markets.
Keywords: Essential Oil, Rose Oil Market, Bulgaria, Turkey
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 203
CONTRIBUTION OF THE LOCAL TO THE GLOBAL: AN ECOCRITICAL APPROACH TO THE PRESENT ENVIRONMENTAL CRISIS
Barış Mete
Selcuk University
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Among other areas of scientific research, literary studies have played significant roles to offer possible solutions to the problems of the modern man. Although they have not been directly involved in the processes of solution, literary studies have been able to offer influential theoretical discussions for such contemporary complications. In terms of today’s environmental crisis, environmental literary studies are playing one of the leading roles to initiate consciousness and recognition for the environmental catastrophe. Pertinent to this, ecocriticism, canonically defined as “the study of the relationship between literature and the physical environment” by C. Glotfelty, centres on our planet, the earth; and it intends to figure out the specific relationship between literary arts and the physical environment since representations of the environment display the way human beings treat it. This study, therefore, aims at bringing together the concepts of the local and the global in terms of today’s cultural outlook over nature and the environment in order to reach a synthesis that can possibly lead us to further discoveries of environmental literary studies. Similar to the artificially constructed binary opposition between culture and nature, the global and the local have been just one of other binary oppositions established by man. Instead of a mutual agreement and contribution between these two terms, a strong confrontation between them has been preferred. However, for the purposes of environmental and ecological awareness, the local has been contributing to the global in a number of aspects. In this respect, this research investigates selected environmentally-conscious texts of both R. H. Karay and J. Fowles in order to exemplify how complementarily a Turkish and a British writer’s nature writing fuses the local and the global environmental perceptions.
Keywords: Ecology, environment, nature, ecocriticism, literature, nature writing, global, local.
204 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
BIODETECTION OF ALGERIAN POLLUTED SOILS BY HYDROCARBONS USING TELLURIC HYDROCARONOCLASTS BACTERIA
Amel Bouderhem1, Aminata Ould El Hadj Khelil1, Mohammed Amine Gacem1, Aroussi Aroussi 2
1Laboratoire de Protection des Ecosystemes en Zones Arides et Semi-Arides Université de Ouargla .PB. 511 Ouargla, 30000, Algérie 2Centre de Recherche et Développement (CRD) Sonatrach Hassi Messaoud, Ouargla 30000, Algérie
Correspondence author’s e-mail:[email protected]
ABSTRACT
The detection of hydrocarbon in contaminated soils using telluric bacteria has been the subject of this study. Bacteriological diagnosis of the soils studied revealed the presence of 15 bacterial strains degrading hydrocarbons divided into eight families. The less polluted sample (123.4 ± 0.1 g oil / kg soil) contains nine bacterial strains with a biomass of 6.4.108 ± 0.02 CFU / g soil. However, this biodiversity is inversely proportional to the increase of the hydrocarbon content in polluted samples. Indeed, in the most contaminated sample (247.12 ± 0.8g hydrocarbon / kg soil), only Microccocus luteus was isolated with a biomass of 1.1 ± 1.1.104 CFU / kg soil. This strain is also present in all soil samples studied.
Keywords: Soil, Pollution, hydrocarbons, Biodetection, Biodiversity, bacterial strain(s).
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 205
ETHNOBOTANICAL SURVEY OF SOME SPONTANEOUS MEDICINAL PLANTS USED IN THE TRADITIONAL MEDICINE OF OUARGLA
Aminata Ould El Hadj-Khelil1, Soumia Hadjadj1, Zahia Bayoussef2
1Laboratoire de Protection des Ecosystèmes en Zones Arides et Semi-Arides.Université deOuargla BP 511 Ouargla 30000 Algérie 2Laboratoire de Chimie des Eaux et Génie d’Ingénieur en Milieu Saharien. Université de Ouargla BP 511 Ouargla 30000 Algérie
Correspondence author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
This work was launched to exploit the ancestral knowledge of the traditional pharmacopeia in the area of Ouargla (Algeria). An ethnobotanical study of six spontaneous plants (Atriplexhalimus L., Searsiatripartita (Ucria) Moffett, Limoniastrumguyonianum,Ruta tuberculataForsk.,TamarixgallicaL.and Nitrariaretusa) was carried out in different localities of the target region, by consultation of different medicinal plants users, using a predesigned questionnaire. The traditional healers in the study area use the investigated species for the treatment of various diseases and disorders. The average of the informant consensus factor (FIC) value for all ailment categories was 0.93 with the highest number of species being used for digestive problems (449) followed by dermatological symptoms (154) and nervous disorders (144). These pathologies are mainly treated by leaves in the form of decoction representing the dominant formulation. The oral administration that regroups the majority use forms of which the drink, is the more exercised.
Keywords: Ethnobotanical study, Spontaneous plants, Traditional pharmacopeia, Ouargla
206 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
STUDY OF THE BIOMETRY IN DROMEDARY: CASE OF THE SAHARAWI POPULATION
Adamou Abdelkader1, Babelhadj Baaissa1, et Benaissa Atika1
1Laboratoire de protection des écosystèmes dans les zones arides et semi-arides Université de Ouargla, 30000 Ouargla, Algérie
Correspondence author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to determine the performance bathymetry applicable to camels Sahraoui population. This study was realized on a sample of 60 dromedaries of Saharaoui population from the south of Algeria in the region of Ouargla. The animals, 30 males and 30 females, are adults over 6 years destined for slaughter. Before slaughter (in Ouargla abattoir), measurements during their life-time were performed (3 parameters), carcass weight was then recovered at the slaughterhouse. Linear regression equations were proposed in order to estimate the animal’s live weight, and its height at the withers from the best correlated measurements. The mean values of the total population of animals in the standard of saharawi race, averaging 460 kg to a height of a little over 182 cm. The average yields for slaughter are 50 %. The live weight of the animal and carcass weight are very well correlated or the weight of the animal with his chest or waist circumference.
Keywords: Biometry, Saharaoui population, Sahara, Camelus dromedarius
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 207
THE EFFECTS OF Fe-EDDHA APPLICATION ON THE YIELD AND SOME QUALITY PARAMETERS OF FRESH GRAPES (Vitis Vinifera L.) PRODUCTION
Şenay Aydın1, Bülent Yağmur2, E. Dilşat Yeğenoğlu1, Halis Şimşek3
1Celal Bayar University, Alasehir Vocational School, Alasehir, Manisa, Turkey, 45600 2Ege University, Agriculture Faculty, Soil Science and Plant Production, Bornova, Izmir, TURKEY, 35100 3North Dakota State University, Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Fargo, North Dakota, USA, 58108
Correspondence author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Turkey is one of the important seedless grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) producers in the world market. About 80% of the grape production is obtained from Aegean Region in Turkey. Manisa Province in Aegean Region is one of the major provinces for seedless raisin (Vitis vinifera L.) production. Therefore, the quality of soil in this province is important to obtain good quality of raisins. Fe deficiency (Fe chlorosis) is one of the main microelement deficiency in Aegean Region soils due to high pH and rich calcium carbonate levels in the soils. Besides the inorganic Fe salts which were applied on soils or sprayed on leaves, organic chelates that contained Fe as FeEDTA or FeEDDHA were used to rectify Fe clorosis in the soils in recent years. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of different FeEDDHA doses on the yield and some quality parameters (water soluble dry matter %, pH, titratable acidity %, total Fe and active Fe content of leaves) of fresh grapes grown in Manisa Province, Alasehir County, Kemaliye District. This district is known for high level of Fe chlorosis. Randomized complete block design method with 4 replications was used for experimental design. Four different levels of FeEDDHA (0, 20, 40, and 60 g/vine) chelates were applied into the soil and each of three vines were selected as one replication. The results of statistical analysis showed that there were significant differences in both yield and some quality parameters (water soluble dry matter %, pH, titrable acidity in fresh grapes and total Fe, active Fe content in leaves) of grapes grown in Kemaliye district as a result of FeEDDHA application.
Keywords: Grape, Vitis vinifera L., yield, FeEDTA, FeEDDHA, quality criteria.
208 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY OF RICE PRODUCTION IN THE NORTHERN AND ASHANTI REGIONS OF GHANA
Sheila Agyemang1, Dr. Yaw Asante1, Dr. Edward Ebo Onumah1
1University of Ghana
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The study examined the technical efficiency and its determinants of rice production in the Ashanti and the Northern regions of Ghana. The stochastic frontier Analysis was employed using a cross-sectional data of 300 rice farmers. The results show that elasticity of mean output for all inputs are positive, whereas the computed return to scale reveals that on average, rice farmers exhibit decreasing return to scale. The combined effects of operational and farm-specific factors influence technical efficiency although individual effects of some variables were not significant. The findings of the study showed that the rice farmers are 65% technically efficient, revealing that there is the possibility of increasing output by 35% through the adoption of best farm practices by rice farmers so as to boost production.
Keywords: Rice production, Efficiency, stochastic frontier analysis, Northern region and Ashanti region.
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 209
ORCHESTRATING WEB SERVICES TO MONITOR ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS DYNAMICALLY WITHIN KONYA BASIN GEOPORTAL
Fatih SARI1, Ekrem TUŞAT2
1Selçuk University, Çumra Vocational School, Geographical Information System Department 2Selçuk University, Çumra Applied Sciences Faculty, Management Information System Department
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Protect the environment is a vital object all around the world due to the global warming, air pollution, decreasing water resources, changing climate conditions, destroyed animal and plant species, big migrations and destroyed world with wastes and carbon pollutants. These problems have an importance which is equal to human life and must be considered urgently to establish a management and monitoring platform from local to international scales to predict and protect the environment. The main aim of this study is developing Konya Basin GeoPortal to provide environmental management within Web Based Geographical Information system which includes water resources, groundwater, meteorological observations, forests, agricultural lands, digital elevation models, air quality and LANDSAT images to constitute infrastructure of environmental monitoring. Due to the temporal structure of environmental parameters, the Geoportal system also includes Web Processing Service (WPS) and Web Map Service –Time (WMS-T) implementations to environmental monitoring which are one of the first implementation of these standards to environmental monitoring in Turkey. The entire GeoPortal system will constitute a technical platform for all stakeholders and provides spatial data together with view, query, download and visualization functions of spatial data.
Keywords: WMS-Time, Web Services, GeoPortal, Web Based Geographical Information Systems, Environmental Monitoring
210 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
ASSESSMENT OF PESTICIDE POLLUTION IN SOIL AND PLANTS FROM CROPLAND IN KONYA
M.E. Aydin1, S. Aydin1, F. Beduk1, A. Tekinay1, M. Kolb2, M. Bahadir2
1Necmettin Erbakan University, Department of Environmental Engineering, Konya, TURKEY. 2Technical University of Braunschweig, Institute of Environmental and Sustainable Chemistry, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, GERMANY.
Corresponding author’s e-mail:[email protected]
ABSTRACT
One of the most important routes of exposure to synthetic organic contaminants is the consumption of contaminated foods. Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) are persistent organic compounds that have adverse health effects on human. These contaminants accumulate in various environmental media and finally reach the human biosystem. In this study, pesticide contamination of both crops cultivated in Konya region and soils of this region were determined. 27 soil samples and 13 wheat samples were analyzed for OCPs (-HCH, -HCH, -HCH, δ-HCH, aldrin, dieldrin, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, endosulfan I, endosulfan II, endosulfan sulfate, p,p’-DDE, p,p’-DDD, p,p’-DDT, endrin, endrin aldehyde, endrin ketone, methoxychlor) and OPPs (malathion, parathion, methyl-parathion, chlorpyrifos, diazinon). The determinations of OCPs and OPPs were carried out with a gas chromatograph (GC, Agilent 6890 N) equipped with mass selective detector (MSD, Agilent 5973). Soil samples were extracted with the traditional soxhlet extraction. OCPs and OPPs in grain, leaf and stem parts of wheat samples were determined by QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) method. Maximum concentration of OCPs in soil samples was determined for ƩHCH (-HCH, - HCH, -HCH, δ-HCH) and ƩEndosulfan (endosulfan I, endosulfan II, endosulfan sulfate), in the range of 8.74 - 71.8 µg kg-1 and 1.99 - 112 µg kg-1, respectively. Malathion and chlorpyrifos were the dominant OPPs in soil and wheat samples. Maximum concentrations of malathion and chlorpyrifos in soil samples were 222 µg kg-1 and 556 µg kg-1, respectively. Maximum total OCPs and total OPPs in the grain were 2.32 mg kg-1 and 15.4 mg kg-1, respectively. ƩDDT was determined in the range of 0.02 – 0.06 mg kg-1 in grain samples. Almost all compounds were determined above the maximum limit values given by Turkish Food Codex. It was concluded that the Konya soils and the wheat cultivated in this region are excessively contaminated with OCPs and OPPs. Besides, prohibited pesticides are obviously still being used in the area.
Keywords: Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs), soil, wheat, pollution.
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 211
THE IMPACT OF INTEGRATION WITH THE EUROPEAN UNION ON POLISH MEAT INDUSTRY
Robert Mroczek Ph.D.1, Miroslawa Tereszczuk MSc1
1Institute of Agricultural and Food Economics- National Research Institute, Swietokrzyska ,Warsaw, POLAND
Corresponding author’s e-mail:[email protected]
ABSTRACT
The meat industry is the largest sector of the food industry in Poland. Absorbs approx. ¼ employed throughout the food industry, and its share of sold production value amounts to approx. 1/3 of the production of the food industry. Polish accession to the European Union (in May 2004) meant for our whole food economy free trade in agri-food products with the countries of the European Community. Meat production was considered a sensitive sector and included transitional period to adapt to the meat industry standards and requirements of the EU. In a short time - approx. 2 years several times increased the number of meat companies that could export their products to the EU market. The fast development of the meat industry in Poland after EU accession was driven by export and domestic demand. The main recipient of meat and meat products became and still are European Union countries, mainly EU-15. In the last ten years, our membership in the EU structures strengthened our position in the European Union. We are an important producer of red meat (pork and beef) and in poultry meat production we have become a leader in EU market. Despite the further concentration of meat production, the structure of the meat industry enterprises remains fragmented, as in small and medium-sized (employing up to 249 people) is located half the output of this sector.
Keywords: meat industry, Poland, integration, European Union
212 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
USING FOLK LITERATURE FOR INCREASING ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS
1Defne ERDEM METE
1Selçuk Üniversitesi, Edebiyat Fakültesi, İngiliz Dili ve Edebiyatı Bölümü, Konya, TURKEY
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Fostering environmental awareness and developing social responsibility for its protection should be one of the objectives of all educational practices. Environmental or ecocritical pedagogy deals with how this can be achieved in different educational contexts. However, there are not enough studies carried out in this field. Environmental perspectives in a society are closely linked to its culture. In this respect, Turkish folk literature has an important place in shaping people’s awareness about nature. While Turkish students learn about folk literature at schools, examining such literary works from the perspective of ecocritical pedagogy is not common. This paper suggests ways of approaching environmental issues in the framework of both ecocritical and global education by using examples from Turkish folk literature, including mystic poetry.
Keywords: folk literature, ecocritical pedagogy, global education, environmental awareness
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 213
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LABORATORY ASSESSMENTS OF THE SEED QUALITY AND THE FIELD EMERGENCE OF OILSEED RAPE (BRASSICA NAPUS) SEED LOTS
Reza Heidari pour1, Abdoljalil Yanegh1, Mohammad Khajeh-Hosseini2, Ali Noroozian1
1 Ph.D Student of Agro Ecology, Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran 2 Associate Professor of Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
Corresponding author’s e-mail:[email protected]
ABSTRACT
The quality of the sown seeds affects the germination, seedling establishment, and yield of crops. The standard germination test is the basic test for seed quality evaluation, though it is not always able to predict field emergence. Since seed lots having similar high laboratory germination reveal large differences in their ability to emerge in the field. Controlled deterioration (CD) test can be superior to laboratory germination as an indicator of field emergence. Samples of nineteen oilseed rape (Brassica napus) seed lots, were obtained from nineteen farmers in different cities of Razavi and Northern Khorasan Provinces, to assess the quality, vigour and their field emergence. The correlation between laboratory assessment of seed lots before CD test and emergence in the field was not significant. Controlled deterioration had most negative effect on the final germination, percentage of normal seedlings and mean germination time of the seed lots. High correlation between laboratory results after controlled deteriorated test with the seedling emergence and establishment in the field indicated that the CD test is able to assess the seed quality of oilseed rape before sowing in order to estimate the field emergence and crop establishment.
Keywords: Controlled deterioration, Field emergence, Oilseed rape, Seed vigour, Standard germination
214 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
DETERMINATION OF SAND MOVEMENT OF COASTAL DUNES IN SAMSUN – BAFRA
Serkan İç1, Ayşe Erel2
1Blacksea Agricultural Research Institute, Samsun, TURKEY 2Region Directorate of State Hydraulic Works, Samsun, TURKEY
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
This study was aimed to determine harmful sandy movements which occur by the effect of wind, for arable land in sandy land of 20 km coastal zone of Alacam-Bafra District of Samsun. Main titles of study are living and lifeless fences and subtitles are hydroseeding, traditional planting and afforestration. Mat; made by reed plant was used as lifeless fence which exist in natural vegetation and wild oleaster used as living fence. At the end of the study; development and living rates of trees, wind properties as climatic parameters and soil losses were determined. As a result; comparing living fence with lifeless fence, lifeless fence application was more effective to inhibit the new material movement to the new plots. Depositions to the plots were decreased after 3 years for the subtitles by living fence. Sand depositions determined in 2009 only in four subtitle by living fence and given in the following order; hydroseeding 8 t/da/year, afforestration 32 t/da/year, afforestration+hydroseeding 56 t/da/year and afforestration+ traditional planting 60 t/da/year. In other plots sand removal determined. Sand depositions were stopped and sand removal decreased in 3 years. Long-term average wind directions are in the following order; %54 south-southwest, %31 north- northeast and %15 north-northwest. As a result; living fence is the most suitable application for 3 years stabilization in Bafra district. Also lifeless fence decreased the removal of sand from the plots by 3 year. We recommended that hydroseeding application as the minimum values for both losses and depositions by durable stabilization in subtitles.
Keywords: Sand dune stabilization, wind fence, afforestration, hydroseeding
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 215
EFFECT OF DAIRY CATTLE BREEDERS’ ASSOCIATION (DCBA) MEMBERSHIP ON SUSTAINABILITY OF INNOVATIONS IN SAMSUN PROVINCE OF TURKEY
K. Demiryürek1, N.İ. Abacı1, S, Abacı, S. Atasever2, H. Erdem2
1Ondokuz Mayıs University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Economics, Samsun, Turkey 2Ondokuz Mayıs University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Sciences, Samsun, Turkey
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The aim of this research is to analyse the effects of Dairy Cattle Breeders’ Association (DCBA) memberships on the sustainability of dairy related innovations in Samsun province of Turkey. Thus, the personal and farm characteristics of members and non-members of the DCBA were initially compared and the relations between these characteristics and the sustainability of innovations were analysed. Structured interviews were used to collect data from 43 members and 65 non-members of the Association by random sampling. The members had higher socio-economic status compared to the non-members in terms of farmers' personal characteristics and farm structure (i.e. gross agricultural and husbandry incomes, time allocated for agriculture and dairying, size of agricultural land and feed crops, number of European breeds, milk yield, agricultural information and innovation scores). Some of these factors affected the sustainability of innovations which were measured as the innovation sustainability index (ISI) and calculated by multiplying the number of innovations with their years of adoption. Thus, partial correlation coefficient between ISI and some variables (controlled by Association membership) was calculated. The result showed that the years of formal education, agricultural information score, agricultural income, milk yield, size of feed crops and number of European breeds were positively correlated with ISI. Positive association between ISI and higher socio-economic status emphasizes the importance of Association membership in adopting and sustaining innovations. It can be suggested that more functional cooperation between public and private institutions is needed to motivate conventional dairy farmers to adopt and sustain modern dairy farming innovations.
Keywords: Dairy cattle, innovation sustainability, information, breeder association
216 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
NEW RECORDS of SUBGENUS PARADIACHALCOIDEA DACCORDI, 1978 and CHRYSOLINA DOHRNII (FAIRMAIRE, 1865) for TURKEY (CHRYSOMELIDAE: CHRYSOMELINAE: CHRYSOLINA)
Hüseyin Özdikmen1, Didem Coral Şahin2, Cemil Yetkin3
1Gazi University, Science Faculty, Department of Biology, 06500 Ankara / Turkey. 2 Plant Health Centeral Research Institute, Ankara / Turkey. 3 GAP Agricultural Research Institute, Şanlıurfa / Turkey
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected], [email protected], didemsahin@ ziraimucadele.gov.tr
ABSTRACT
This paper presents Chrysolina (Paradiachalcoidea) dohrnii (Fairmaire, 1865) from Şanlıurfa province as a new record for Turkey. Accordingly, the subgenus Paradiachalcoidea Daccordi, 1978 is a new record for Turkey too.
They are discussed and photographed.
Keywords: Chrysomelidae, Chrysolina, Paradiachalcoidea, Chrysolina dohrnii, New Records, Turkey.
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 217
MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF PURPLE CARROT ORIGINATED FROM CENTRAL ANATOLIA
Hilmiye Erişdi, Önder Türkmen, Erdoğan Eşref Hakkı, Fatma Akın
Selcuk University Konya-Turkey
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Due to the increase in the usage of purple carrot in the juice industry and in food coloring area, demand of World food industry on this material keeps increasing. In Turkey, however this country is the center of origin of the purple carrot and the cultivation of this vegetable keeps gaining ground especially in Ereğli town of Konya region in Central Anatolia, up to date, no important breeding study is available. In this respect, the current study focused on molecular characterization of genotypes collected from the regions of intensive cultivation of the crop, including Hatay, Konya-Center, Konya-Çumra and Konya-Ereğli. Results of this study will shed light on the genetic diversity between populations guiding comprehensive future breeding processes. Twenty three purple carrot genotypes were utilized in the molecular characterization of the pool using a PCR based marker system, namely ISSR (Inter-Simple Sequence Repeats). In total, 24 ISSR primers were tested, 12 of which were found polymorphic. One random individual from each population (Individual Group) and a set of 7 individuals, including the random sample of the Individual Group, comprising another group with equal DNA contribution from every sample (Bulk Group) were arranged for molecular characterization. The polymorphic bands were scored according to the presence and absence of a specific size fragment and simple matching coefficient was used for the matrix to dendrogram using NTSYS PC 2.1software. According to the result obtained, the total polymorphism of the Individual group was 92%, while that of the Bulk group was found to be 73.88%.
Keywords: Genetic diversity, ISSR, Purple carrot, Molecular characterization.
218 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
THE EFFECTS OF AGROBIODIVERSITY ON SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE
Ahmet Direk
Bilkent University Ankara – Turkey
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Biodiversity states the richness of a living in terms of numbers and diversity. Agrobiodiversity is a sub- branch of Biodiversity. Agrobiodiversity is the result of natural selection processes and the careful selection and inventive developments of farmers, herders and fishers over millennia. Many people’s food and livelihood security depend on the sustained management of various biological resources that are important for food and agriculture. Agricultural biodiversity, also known as agrobiodiversity or the genetic resources for food and agriculture, includes: Harvested crop varieties, livestock breeds, fish species and non-domesticated (wild) resources within field, forest, rangeland including tree products, wild animals hunted for food and in aquatic ecosystems (e.g. wild fish); Non-harvested species in production ecosystems that support food provision, including soil micro-biota, pollinators and other insects such as bees, butterflies, earthworms, greenflies; and Non-harvested species in the wider environment that support food production ecosystems (agricultural, pastoral, forest and aquatic ecosystems).
Keywords: biodiversity, agrobiyodiversity, agrobiyodiversity in Turkey
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 219
OCCURRENCE AND ECOTOXICOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT OF ANALGESICS IN WASTEWATER
Mehmet Emin AYDIN1, Senar AYDIN1, Havva KILIÇ1, Arzu TEKINAY1
1Necmettin Erbakan University, Environmental Engineering Department, Konya, TURKEY
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Pharmaceuticals have an important role in the treatment and prevention of disease in humans and animals. Analgesics generally affect central nervous system and are used to prevent pain. Analgesics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are among the most prescribed drugs. Analgesics are extensively used without prescription in many countries. Prolonged presence of xenobiotic such as analgesics in the aquatic environment increases the potential threat to people's endocrine system. A significant portion of pharmaceutical wastes in wastewater is composed of anti-inflammatory (AI) and analgesic drugs (AN). Pharmaceuticals are generally released in natural waters via wastewater treatment plants, hospitals, industrials, households and farming. Excretion is the major source of water and soil pollution by pharmaceuticals. 160 types of drugs were determined in wastewater treatment plant effluents, groundwater and surface water in the literature. Presence of pharmaceuticals in environmental water is considered as an emerging environmental problem due to their detrimental effects on aquatic organisms at low concentrations. In this study, analgesics such as Acetaminophen (ACETAM), Indomethacin (INDO), Acetylsalicylic acid (ACETLY. ACID), Phenylbutazone (PHENYL) Codeine (CO) were determined in wastewaters and ecotoxicological risk level was evaluated using obtained results. Firstly, analytical method for determination of analgesics in wastewater was optimized. Solid phase extraction (SPE) procedure was carried out different conditions. The effect of the sample pH and volume, type of the cartridge (Oasis MCX and Oasis HLB cartridges), analit concentration was studied. Pretreatment of the sample and matrix effect were also investigated. The detection of analgesics was carried out by HPLC-MS. Limit of Detection (LOD) values for studied compounds were determined between 0.161 and 8.413 ng/L, while Limit of Quantification (LOQ) values were determined between 0.536 and 28.04 ng/L. Wastewater samples were taken from Konya Urban Wastewater Treatment Plant input and output. INDO was not detected in influent and effluent samples. CO, PHENYL, ACETYL ACID and ACETAM were detected as 126 ng/L, 1768 ng/L, 44 ng/L and 768 ng/L in influent samples, respectively. CO, PHENYL, ACETYL ACID and ACETAM were detected as 121 ng/L, 2860 ng/L, 88 ng/L and 696 ng/L in effluent samples, respectively. The hazard quotient (HQ) for each individual compound was calculated according to EU guidelines as the quotient between the measured environmental concentration (MEC) and the Predicted No Effect Concentration (PNEC). The individual concentration quantified for each analgesic compounds in the wastewater samples was taken as MEC.PNEC values were derived from the available aquatic toxicity data using three different species (algae, crustaceans and fish) from different tropic levels. The HQ values for ACETLY ACID and CO were determined below 0.1, which means insignificant risk to aquatic organisms. The HQ values of ACETAM for fish and algae were determined below 0.1 while the value for Daphnia magna was determined between 0.1 and 1 which indicates potential risk.
Acknowledgments –This study was supported by TUBA-GEBIP Project.
Keywords: Analgesics, Ecotoxicological Risk Assessment, Wastewater.
220 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
BETA BLOCKERS IN THE URBAN WASTEWATER: DETERMINATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ASSESSMENT
Senar AYDIN1, Mehmet Emin AYDIN1, Arzu TEKİNAY1, Havva KILIÇ1
1Necmettin Erbakan University, Environmental Engineering Department, Konya, TURKEY
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Beta-blockers are one of the most important classes of pharmaceuticals and they are used hypertension, cardiac dysfunction and angina, anxiety. After human consumption beta- blockers are first subjected to metabolism and then they are excreted as metabolites and unchanged parent compounds. Main environmental resources are metabolic waste of patients to sewer system. These compounds show low removal during sewage treatment processes due to the physicochemical properties and they are able to reach water resources. Beta blockers may have potential toxic effects on aquatic organisms, they affect biological functions such as reproduction. Beta-blockers have frequently been determined in surface and wastewaters at ng/L and µg/L levels. In this study, the analytical methods optimization for analysis of beta-blockers (metoprolol (MET), propranolol (PRO), atenolol (ATE), satolol (STL), timolol (TML)) in wastewater were carried out. The presence of the compounds in Konya Urban Wastewater Treatment Plant influent and effluent samples was investigated and the ecotoxicological risk assessment was carried out according to the results obtained. The extraction of the samples was performed with SPE system using Oasis HLB cartridges. Quantitative analysis of the target compounds was performed by HPLC/MS system. The effect of sample volume and pH, different pharmaceuticals concentrations, pretreatment and matrix on extraction procedure was investigated. Optimum carrier phases, flow rate, injection volume for HPLC/MS system were also investigated. Beta-blockers were investigated by obtained optimum analytical methods in composite samples taken from influent and effluent Konya Urban Wastewater Treatment plant. TML compound was not detected in influent and effluent samples. STL, ATE, MET, PRO were determined as 468, 278, 92, 18 ng/L in influent wastewater samples while STL, ATE, MET, PRO were determined as 44, 276, 136, 34 ng/L in effluent samples, respectively. The hazard quotient (HQ) for determined beta-blocker compounds were calculated according to EU guidelines. HQ values were calculated by the ratio of measured environmental concentration (MEC) and predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC). PNEC values were derived from the available aquatic toxicity data using three different species (algae, crustaceans and fish) from different tropic levels. The HQ values for MET, PRO, STL and ATE compounds were determined below 0.1 which means insignificant risk to aquatic organisms.
Acknowledgments – The study was supported by TUBA-GEBIP project.
Keywords: Beta-blockers, HPLC-MS, SPE, wastewater, environmental risk.
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 221
ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COHESION OF THE REGIONS IN POLAND
Marcin Gospodarowicz1, Danuta Kołodziejczyk1
1Institute of Agricultural and Food Economics - National Research Institute (IAFE-NRI), ul. Świętokrzyska 20, 00-002 Warszawa, Poland (both autors)
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Over the years the European Union has witnessed a vivid debate on social and economic cohesion of regions. Recently, the regions of the Union show an increase in disparities in the level of socio-economic development. The paper at hand aims at discussing the phenomenon of socio-economic consistency of regions in Poland in the years 2005-2014. The first part describes the motivation to take up the topic, presents the goal of the study, the research hypothesis and task sequence to its verification. It subsequently discusses research material and the methods of testing social and economic cohesion of regions in Poland. The cohesion of regions is an important element of development policy of the European Union and Poland, which recommends harmonizing socio-economic and spatial development in the formula of "integrated development". The second part of the study examines key indicators of regional economic development as Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita at current prices, the employment structure and innovativeness of the economy (share of expenditure on innovation activities in industry, inventions submitted on 1 inhabitant) and basic indicators for social development as dynamics of demographic change, public health, education, social inclusion and access to the labor market. To determine the synthetic index of social and economic development factor analysis has been used, which allows to bring a large number of variables into a much smaller mutually uncorrelated factors.
Keywords: cohesion policy, regions, European Union, Poland
222 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
DETERMINATION OF SOME CHARACTERISTICS YIELD COMPONENTS OF CHICKPEA VARIETIES IN KONYA ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS
Hakan BAYRAK1, Ramazan KELEŞ1,
1 Bahri Dağdaş International Agricultural Research Institute, Turkey
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Total, 12 varieties that obtained from different Research Institutions and Stations were included as research materials (Seçkin, Hasanbey, İnci, Aksu, Diyar 95, Yaşa 05, Azakan, Işık 05, Çakır, Gökçe, Sarı 98). The experiments were carried out according to Randomized Block Design with 4 replications in experimental field of Bahri Dağdaş International Agricultural Research Institute in 2013. The periods of blooming and ripening, first pod height, plant height, grain yield, and hundred-seed weight were analyzed within the study. As a result of study, The heaviest hundred-seed weight was obtained from Sarı 98 variety (42.65 g), Seçkin gave the highest grain yield with 142.12 kg/da. Earliest variety was Azkan with 81.75 days, while the longest blooming period was observed on Yaşa 05 variety with 62.25. The maximum first pod height (22 cm) and the maximum plant height (42.48 cm) was obtained from İnci variety. İn addition; important positive correlations was determined between number of blooming days and number of ripening days (r=0. 962**) and also between first pod height and plant height (r= 0.537**).
Keywords: Chickpea, variety, yield, yield components
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 223
THE SOIL FACTORS WHICH EFFECT ON ROOT GROWTH IN FORAGE PLANTS
Nur KOÇ1, Ramazan ACAR1
1 Selcuk University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Field Crops, Program of Rangeland and Forage Crops
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Roots that exist during the whole life of plants are vitally important organs for plants with the function of anchoring and supporting plants, absorbing water and minerals and transportation them to stems and leaves, etc. There is a close relation between underground organs and ground surface organs of plants. In the case of any trouble in this relationship directly effects on growth and also yield. Even if all the other conditions are provided, the plants whose roots couldn’t be able to grow enough or undeveloped, cannot develop as it should be. Therefore, we should put emphasis on root growth. The soil factors are very significant to effect on root development, but it shouldn’t be also forgotten that the root fixes soil factors and has a positive impact on agriculture systems. For this reason, the soil factors effected on root growth and the effect on forage plants of these factors were expressed in our research.
Keywords: Plant Roots, Soil Factors, Root Development, Yield
224 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
COMBINED ANAEROBIC-ADSORPTION PROCESS FOR TREATMENT OF REAL TEXTILE WASTEWATER: COD AND COLOR REMOVAL
Serdar Gocer1, Ramazan Kızılırmak1, Yıldız Babatekin1, Sebnem Ozdemır2, Dilek Akman2, Kevser Cırık1
1 Department of Environmental Engineering, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Kahramanmaras 46100, TURKEY 2 Department of Bioengineering and Sciences, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Kahramanmaras 46100, TURKEY
Correspondence author’s e-mail:[email protected]
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was removal of COD and color of real textile wastewater using adsorption as post-treatment followed by anaerobic degradation. Initially, sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was anaerobically operated for 60 days under steady state conditions and high wastewater treatment performance was observed, corresponding to 86% color and 72% COD removal. The rest of the study, banana peel, sugar beet pulp and pineapple peel were used to identify the adsorption capacity of the adsorbents and adsorption isotherms at constant particle size. The effect of operational parameters such as initial pH (3.0-11.0), adsorbent dosage (4-0.25 mg/L), contact time (15-60 min) parameters with physicochemical activation methods (acid, base and temperature activation) was investigated during adsorption studies. The optimum operating condition varied according to using adsorbent material and the maximum color removal efficiency of 83% were achieved by pineapple at contact time 60 min, initial pH 11.0, initial adsorbent dosage 0.5 mg/l without activation methods. All of the activation methods played a key role, which enhanced the color removal. However, it could not observed a significant reduction in effluent COD at the all condition applied during adsorption.
Keywords: textile wastewater using, COD, anaerobic degradation
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 225
TREATMENT OF REAL TEXTILE WASTEWATER USING ADSORPTION AS POST-TREATMENT FOLLOWED BY ANAEROBIC BIODEGRADATION
Safiye KERTEL1, Merve GUNES1, Dilek AKMAN2, Sebnem OZDEMIR2, Kevser CIRIK1
1 Department of Environmental Engineering, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Kahramanmaras 46100, TURKEY 2 Department of Bioengineering and Sciences, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Kahramanmaras 46100, TURKEY
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to investigate the treatability of COD and color from real textile wastewater using anaerobic treatment and adsorption with natural adsorbents as post- treatment. Real textile wastewater was taken once a week from a full-scale wastewater treatment plant of Kipas Textile Industry in Kahramanmaras, Turkey. This study was composed of two parts. In the first part of the study, anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (SBR) performance in terms of textile wastewater treatment was investigated at 12-h cycle times. Afterwards (Part II), adsorption using olive seeds and rice husk as adsorbent was applied as post treatment to remove the residual COD and color from SBR effluent at the different operating conditions (variable pH, contact time, adsorbent dose and physicochemical activation methods). The effect of different pH level (pH: 3, 7, 11) and contact time were simultaneously studied at the 2 mg/L adsorbent dose and it was determined that initial pH of wastewater have a significant effect on the decolorization. Additionally, increasing contact time from 15 min to 60 min enhanced adsorbent capacity. The maximum dye removal yield for olive seeds reached around 74% at the operating conditions of pH 3, while the dye removal performance for rice husk reached around 88% under pH 11at the end of 60 min contact time. Further, 2-fold and 4-fold decreases in initial adsorbent dose were performed to minimize the adsorbent waste at the optimum pH determined previously. Color removal efficiency was adversely affected by decreasing adsorbent dose from 2 mg/L to 0.5 mg/L due to the insufficient amount of available adsorbent to removal the color content remained after anaerobic stages. In the rest of the study, the effect of some physicochemical activation methods (HCl, NaOH and heat-treat) were also investigated to improve the adsorption capacity of the adsorbents. Our results showed that the unremoved COD during biological treatment in textile wastewater was also resistant to adsorption using olive seeds or rice husk and could not to be prominently removed under these conditions.
Keywords: Textile Industry, Biodegradation, decolorization
226 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
İNOVATİF SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİRLİK AÇISINDAN ZEYTİN İŞLETMELERİNDE VERİMLİLİĞİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ (İZMİR VE MANİSA ÖRNEĞİ)
Fatma Öztürk1, Mine Yalçın1
1Zeytincilik Araştırma İstasyonu, İZMİR
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Zeytin işletmelerin de verimlilik birçok faktörün bir araya gelmesi ile oluşan komplex bir yapıya sahiptir. Faktörlerin her birine gerekli önem ve ağırlık verilmesi için de işletmelerin yenilikçi olması önem taşımaktadır. Sektörde temel hedef, giderlerin azaltılması, verim arttırılması ve ürün kalitesinin iyileştirilmesidir. Diğer yandan toprak bakımı, su ve doğanın korunması da uzun vadeli düşünülmesi gereken önemli faktörlerdir. Küresel ölçekte, AB zeytin üretim alanlarının yaklaşık %50 sine sahip iken, dünya üretiminin %70’ini arz etmektedir. Bu durum, AB ülkelerindeki dekara verimliliğin yüksek olması ile açıklanabilir. Küresel rekabet açısından bakıldığında ise, Türkiye de zeytin dikim alanları nispeten yüksek olmasına karşın üretim düşük düzeyde gerçekleşmektedir. İspanya ve İtalya gibi önemli üretici ülkelerde hektara verim 3000 kg’a ulaşırken, Türkiye’ de 2000-2500 kg arasında değişebilmektedir. Ölçek ekonomisine göre, verimliliği etkileyen önemli hususlardan birisi işletme büyüklüğüdür. Türkiye‘de zeytin işletmeleri küçük ve orta düzeyde olup, ortalama işletme büyüklüğü 12 dekar civarındadır. Yapılan çalışmada, işletmelerin %30 unun 10 dekar ve altında zeytin üretimi yaptıkları ve %51 oranında yenilikçi (teknik ve pazarlamaya yönelik yenikleri uygulama oranı) olmadıkları tespit edilmiştir. Sektörde verimliliği etkileyen en önemli faktörlerden bir diğeri de uygulanan kültürel işlemlerin zamanında ve usulüne uygun yapılmasıdır. Yenilikçi işletmeler hastalık ve zararlılarla mücadele, sulama, yaprak ve toprak analizi yaptırma, gübreleme, hasat zamanını belirleme kriteri ve hasat biçimi, budama gibi teknik konularda nispeten daha iyi oldukları tespit edilmekle beraber yeterli olduğu söylenemez. Zeytin işletmelerinde verimliliği etkileyen sosyo-kültürel bazı kriterler de işletmelerin yenilikçiliğini dolayısıyla verimliliğini etkilemektedir. İncelenen zeytin işletmelerinde, %17 oranında herhangi bir sosyal güvenlik kurumuna üyeliğin söz konusu olmadığı görülmektedir. Ancak gruplara göre dağılıma bakıldığında yenilikçi olmayan grubun herhangi bir güvenlik kurumuna dâhil olmama oranı yaklaşık %22 iken, yenilikçi olan işlemelerde bu oranın %9 olduğu görülmektedir. Yeniliklere adapte olan işletmelerin yenilikçiye açık olmayanlara göre daha deneyimli ve eğitim düzeylerinin daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: zeytin, zeytin işletmeleri, verimlilik,
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 227
THE POSSIBLE USAGE OF EPIPHYTIC BACTERIA AND YEASTS ON BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF FIRE BLIGHT DISEASE
Benian Pınar AKTEPE1,2 , Yeşim AYSAN2
1Osmaniye Korkut Ata University Kadirli Applied Sciences Colleges 2Cukurova University The Faculty Of Agriculture Department Of Plant Protection
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected], [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Fire blight disease caused by Erwinia amylovora is the most important disease of pome fruits. The most severe infections of the pathogen usually appear in blossoms. Due to the phytotoxicity in blooming stage and the restriction of antibiotic use, investigation of effective control methods is crucial in that stage. In this study, antagonistic effects on epiphytic bacteria and yeasts obtained from healthy flowers of apple, pear and quince were investigated in vitro conditions. Of samples, 36 apple, 18 pear and 4 individual quince blossoms were collected from five distinct provinces (Adana, Amasya, Mersin, Osmaniye, and Siirt) between April and June in 2014 and 2015, respectively. 563 candidate bacteria and 33 yeast were isolated from sampled blossoms onto PDA and King B media. These candidate antagonists were tested for their antagonistic effects on Erwinia amylovora using dual culture method in vitro. As a result, while 92 candidate antagonistic bacteria were inhibited pathogen growth forming 15-1821 mm2 inhibition area, 7 candidate antagonistic yeasts formed 25-527 mm2 inhibition area in diameter. This study is a preliminary step in the biological control of fire blight disease and a part of the Phd study.
Keywords: Erwinia amylovora, Antagonist, Antimicrobial Effect, Inhibition
228 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
THE FACTORS DETERMINATE DEVELOPING EGYPTIAN AGRICULTURAL SECTOR
Amin Abd El-Raouf Eldokla1, Wael Ahmed Ezzat El-Abd1
1Agricultural Economics Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The research aimed to study Egyptian agricultural sector growth rate and the factors determining productivity per unit of land the period 1999-2013. To achieve these objectives, both descriptive and quantitative statistical analysis methods were applied. Applied quantitative analysis methods include unit root test, and Engle-Granger two-step & Johansen and Juselius methods for estimating the Co integration equations. Studying the evolution of main factors affecting productivity of Egyptian agricultural sector indicated increasing in the cropping area, national agricultural income, number of agricultural labors, agricultural investment, and number of agricultural machinery by 9.9%, 185% 133.5% and, 87.6%, while the percentage of the loans extended to farmers, agricultural investment 11.4%, 2.9% compared to 1999. All of the study variables followed a statistically significant increasing trend over without all the given loans extended to farmers, agricultural investment have taken decreasing in general trend significant statistically through the study period. By applying the Engel-Granger Error Correction Model showed that increasing 10% from loans, number of agricultural machinery, agricultural investments, and number of agricultural labors leads to changing feddan productivities' by 0.6%, -0.4% , 12% and 0.9%, respectively. But whereas we applied Johansen and Juselius method in the increasing feddans productivities' were 0.7%, -0.2%, 19% and 0.8%, respectively.
Keywords: feddans productivities, Egyptian agricultural, Johansen and Juselius methods
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 229
ESTIMATION OF ALUMINUM IN CONFECTIONERY WITH REFERENCE TO THEIR RISK ASSESSMENT
Nabila M. Abed EL–Aliem
Dept. of Forensic medicine and Toxicology, Benha University, Egypt
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Aluminum used as food additives and in backing in many food products (bread, bakery products, confectionery, snacks, cheese products, salts, sugar, juice, jam and drinking water). It's a metallic element that not included in any biological processes of living body. The aim of this study is to evaluate effect of bade storage (high T) in aluminum level in confectionary with coating lined by aluminum, and in hair of student (5 to25 years old) as indicator for AL. risk assessment. A total of 110 samples (41 confectioneries with AL. coating and 41 confectioneries with AL. coating storage at high T and 25 human hair samples) were analyzed within this study.
Keywords: Aluminum risk assessment, confectionery, human hair
230 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT OF LIVESTOCK DAIRY HUB TRAININGS ON LIVELIHOOD OF FARMERS
Aisha Anjum1, Maqsood Ahmad2, Muhammad Kashif Shahzad Sarwar3
1University of Veterinary&Animal Sciences, Livestock&Diary Development, Punjab Lahore 2University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences Lahore 3Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Livestock management is an important factor linked to milk and meat production worldwide specifically in Pakistan. Pakistan livestock sector contributes 55.1% to the agriculture and about 11.06% to total GDP. It was a dire need to understand the limitations and key aspects related to low milk and meat production in the country. In the present survey 2 tehsils of Sahiwal, 42 villages of Mian Channu and Kasowal, associated with dairy milk collection centers of Nestle and Engro Dairy Hubs were selected. Two separate questionnaires were used to examine the prerequisites for Dairy Hub Trainings. Significantly higher milk yield, meat production and income exhibited through capacity building of farmer. From April to June 2011 farmers were interviewed keeping in view the 500 questionnaire sample size. . Dairy milk yield was 0.5L per Sahiwal cattle traditionally. Training influenced considerably and substantial increase was observed in milk yield from 1-1.5 liters/cattle. Report figured out that addition of cottonseed cake, silage and hay with concentrates lead to remarkable increase in milk yield during dry and rainy season. Quality semen for Artificial Insemination services improved quality of animal production (13.2% farmers require AI services for 1 time conception while 75% farmers prefer AI services and 40% farmer’s house holding 1-4 animals respectively) It was concluded that dairy hub trainings module supports capacity building of farmers shifting from traditional to advanced modern dairy farming ultimately impacting farmer’s livelihood via generating more income from milk sale.
Keywords: Livestock; Dairy hub trainings; Farmer’s livelihood; Milk sale; Income generate
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 231
MATERNAL PHYLOGENETICS OF SOME ANATOLIAN CATTLE BREEDS
Doğan M1, Nizamlioğlu M.2, Özşensoy Y.3, Kurar E. 4, Bulut Z. 2, Altunok V. 2, Işik A. 5, Çamlidağ A. 5
1Konya Veteriner Kontrol Enstitüsü 2Selçuk Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi, Biyokimya Anabilim Dalı, Konya, TÜRKİYE 3Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi, Veteriner Fakültesi, Sivas, TÜRKİYE 4Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi, Tıbbi Biyoloji Anabilim Dalı, Konya, TÜRKİYE 5Çukurova Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü, TÜRKİYE
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is one of the most preferred marker used in phylogenetic studies, due to its unique features, such as capacity to demonstrate maternal inheritance, higher evolutionary rate compared to genomic DNA, geographic distribution of species and absence of recombination. In this study, the mtDNA D-Loop region was analyzed in South Anatolian Red (SAR, n=51), Anatolian Black (NB, n=50), Anatolian Grey (AG, n=54), Native Southern Anatolian Yellow (NSAY, n=51), East Anatolian Red (EAR, n=54) and Zavot (ZAV, n=19) cattle breeds (n=279) to reveal diversity of mitochondrial DNA, differentiation of breeds, and relevance between genetic differentiations and geographic distributions. Primarly, sampling study from native cattle breeds. Genomic DNA was isolated using a standard phenol/chloroform method. mtDNA D-loop region was amplified by PCR. After mtDNA sequence analysis, sequence of the D-Loop region was aligned with reference sequence. Haplotypes were determined and phylogenetic tree was constructed using BioEdit version 5.0.6, DNAsp version 5.10.01, MEGA 4.0 Network, Arlequin, Phylip and Treeview softwares.The sequence data were examined for nucleotide and haplotypes diversity, genetic distance between breeds visualized with Neighbor Joining tree and Median Joining Network, evaluated with mismatch distribution analyses, neutrality tests and AMOVA analyses. As a result in comparison with cattle breeds throughout the world, the higher nucleotide (π=0,02240, ±0,0005) and haplotype diversity (H=0,9966, ±0,0006) higher haplotype number and also high genetic variation within and between the populations for native Anatolian cattle breeds. These findings support the idea that Anatolia has been situated in a central position during the domestication process of the cattle species. This thesis is a part of TURKHAYGEN–1 (In Vitro Conservation and Preliminary Molecular Identification of Some Turkish Domestic Animal Genetic Resources-I; KAMAG-106G005) Project.
Keywords: Turkish native cattle breeds, mtDNA, D-Loop, sequencing, phylogenetic, domestication
232 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
LIVESTOCK WASTE-BASED BIOGAS ENERGY POTENTIAL OF TOKAT PROVINCE AND POSSIBLE IMPLEMENTATIONS
Sedat KARAMAN1, Harun AVAN2, Zeki GÖKALP3
1Gaziosmanpasa University, Agricultural Faculty, Department of Biosystems Engineering, 60240 Tokat, Turkey 2Gaziosmanpasa University, Graduate school of Natural and Applied Sciences, 60240 Tokat, Turkey 3Erciyes University, Agricultural Faculty, Department of Biosystems Engineering, 38038 Kayseri, Turkey
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Tokat Province has intensive livestock facilities. The present study was conducted to determine biogas production potential from livestock wastes and to assess energy production opportunities and possible resultant contributions to be made to country economy. The target is to create high-yield, easily constructed and feasible biogas facilities with low investment, operation and maintenance costs. Initially the number of livestock facilities and their waste potentials were determined and energy production potential from these wastes was assessed. Current calculations and assessments revealed that Tokat Province has biogas production potential of 301 434 m3/day with an electrical energy equivalent of 502 390 kWh/day.
Keywords: Biogas, livestock waste, Tokat
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 233
SOME LOCAL ENDEMICS GROWING SERPENTINE SOILS IN KIZILDAĞ (ISPARTA)
Coşkun SAĞLAM
Çumra Vocational School, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Kızıldağ Mountain (Isparta-Şarkikaraağaç) consists of serpentine stony places that are locally isolated from their soil characteristics. The area is located in B3 and C3 squares and situated in the transitional zone between the Mediterranean and Irano-Turanian phytogeographic regions. The altitude of the area is 1100 m at Lake Beyşehir and 1910 m at the summit of Kızıldağ. The study area covers about 400 km2 with latitude between 37°58′ and 38°03′N and longitude between 31°16′ and 31°31′E. Many local endemic species inhabit such serpentine areas. In Turkey, 56 serpentine sites have been explored and reported more than 41 serpentine-endemic species from serpentine areas. There are 786 taxa belonging to 770 species, 371 genera and 84 families in Kızıldağ Mountain. The endemism ratio of the area is 15.5% for the 122 taxa. Scorzonera coriacea A.Duran & Aksoy, Silene ozyurtii Aksoy & Hamzaoğlu, Onosma aksoyii, Aytaç & Türkmen Viola kizildaghensis M.Dinç & Ş.Yıldırımlı, Tragopogon turcicus Coskunc., M.Gultepe & Makbul are local endemic plants which grow serpentine areas of Kızıldağ (Isparta). This study gives the descriptions, IUCN categories, some chorology and the pictures taken in their natural habitats of these species growing endemic in Kızıldağ.
Keywords: Local endemic, IUCN, Isparta, Kızıldağ, Turkey
234 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
EFFECTS OF NITRIC OXIDE APPLICATION ON GROWTH RESPONSES OF BARLEY GENOTYPES UPON TOXIC LEVEL BORON TREATMENT
Sunduz Onbasi, Mehmet Hamurcu, Sait Gezgin and Erdogan Esref Hakki
Selcuk University Konya-Turkey
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Considering its position in the malt and feed industries, barley is one of the most important cereal crops worldwide. Certain arid and semi-arid agricultural lands throughout the world, including a considerable part of Central Anatolia (about 18% of the arable land) in Turkey are vulnarable to toxic level (for cereals) soil boron (B) content. B is one of the important trace elements for plants considered to participate many physiological and metabolic reactions including nitrogen metabolism, fruit ripening, auxin metabolism, cell division, plant - water relations, respiration, pollination and synthesis of nucleic acids. However, its most crucial role is evidenced to be played in the maintenance of cell-wall structure via crosslinking pectic polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonon II (RG-II) units. In B deficiency, stem elongation, indole acetic acid oxidase activity (IAA), sugar transport, carbohydrate metabolism, nucleic acid synthesis, pollen tube growth components hitch in plants. However, B deficiency and toxicity is within a very narrow range. Therefore, the B nutrition is very important. B toxicity is an important abiotic stress problem of arid and semi-arid regions. Thus, B toxicity is a significant crop yield and quality limiting factor worldwide. In B toxic conditions, dry matter loss, inhibition of stem elongation, heart rot of fruit and chlorosis is observed followed by necrosis. Nitric oxide (NO) is a messenger molecule in plants and animals. NO, when applied at low concentrations to plants under certain stress conditions, was shown to have positive effects for normal development and growth of the plants. However, high concentrations of NO has adverse effects on normal plant metabolic function. As a result, growth of plants is inhibited. In this study, NO was applied to barley genotypes (genotypes sensitive and tolerant to B toxicity) at boron toxic conditions. Fresh and dry weights, plant height, number of tillering and the elemental compositions of these plants were measured. Physiological parameters, including relative water content (RWC), electrical conductivity (EC), proline and Malondialdehyde (MDA) readings were also analyzed. Under B toxicity conditions, when NO was applied, proline content of the sensitive genotype was increased whereas that of the tolerant genotype was decreased. NO also was effective at reducing the MDA contents of both the sensitive and the tolerant genotypes at B toxic conditions.
Keywords: Nitric oxide; barley; boron toxicity; proline; malondialdehyde; plant physiology
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 235
YIELD AND PRICE RISK OF COMMONLY GROWN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS IN ADANA PROVINCE OF TURKEY
Seyit Hayran1, Tugce Ugur1, Aykut Gul1, Dilek Bostan Budak1
1Agricultural Economics Dept., University of Cukurova
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
In this paper, it is aimed to analyze the yield and price risk of commonly grown agricultural products in Adana province of Turkey, by using “Variation Measurement” and “Random Variation Measurement” methods. In this study, the yield and price (the price in the hands of farmers) series are used covering 1994 - 2013 period for cotton seed, sunflower, soybeans, melons and watermelons. Research data was obtained from Turkey Statistical Institution and Food, Agriculture and Livestock Ministry the Provincial Directorate of Adana. To eliminate the effect of inflation on the price of the series examined product using the PPI (1994 = 100), are expressed in 2013 prices. In order to attain the set objectives, coefficient of variation and random coefficient of variation is calculated and interpreted for seed cotton, sunflower, soybeans, melons and watermelons. In order to determine a suitable trend equation, Cumulative Sum of Forecast Error Method was used. Many functions type (linear, exponential, quadratic) tried and quadratic functions is judged to be appropriate for the studied product. According to the calculated coefficient of variation, yield risk is maximum for seed cotton (28.94%), at least for melon (10.17%), price risk is maximum for watermelon (26.63%), at least for soybean (13.37%) and gross income risk is maximum for sunflower (31.18%), the least for melon (20.97%) in Adana Province. All of the random variation coefficient was calculated lower than coefficient of variation. This case indicated that if farmers aware of technical and economic developments, they would taking rational decision and minimized yield and price risk. According to research results, the contracted production, futures markets, farmer organizations, collecting information about the input and output markets from a variety of sources and agricultural insurance as risk management tools could be advised to farmers.
Keywords: Yield and Price risk, Variation Measurements, Turkey
236 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
UTILIZATION OF CRYOPRESERVED RUMINAL FLUID IN VITRO GAS PRODUCTION TECHNIQUE FOR EVALUATING IN VITRO AND IN VIVO ENERGY AND DIGESTIBILITY VALUES OF FEEDSTUFFS
Nurettin Gulsen1, Huzur Derya Umucalılar1, Armagan Hayırlı2, Mustafa Selcuk Alatas1
1Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Disorders, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya 42250, Turkey 2Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Disorders, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
Corresponding author’s e-mail:[email protected]; [email protected]
ABSTRACT
In vitro gas production technique (IVGPT) is routinely used worldwide to attain energy content, and organic matter digestibility of various feedstuffs, based on gas production and nutrient content, within 24-72 hrs. Rumen fluids collected from two ruminally cannulated Holstein heifers (350 kg) were used in fresh and cryopreserved form with two stage protocol in the inoculums for IVGPT to evaluate starch- (barley, wheat, and corn) and protein-rich (sunflower meal, cotton seed meal, and soybean meal) feedstuffs in 5 replicates in order to determine feasibility and validity of thawed rumen fluid usage. Gas production and organic matter digestibility parameters were measured. Data were analyzed by 2-way ANOVA. Using thawed rumen fluid was associated with lower cumulative gas production, and ME estimate for all feedstuffs. To compare in vitro data using ANOVA and regression approaches, 6 Merino rams were used for nutrient digestibility and energy content. Overall, in vivo ME and digestibility values of the feedstuffs were greater than in vitro ME values. In conclusion, despite considerable agreement between in vitro data obtained from fresh and thawed rumen fluids to predict in vivo ME, and digestibility values of the feedstuffs, further experiments dealing with improvement of cryopreservation protocol for rumen fluids are necessary to increase microbial activity for maintaining fermentation pattern.
Keywords: in vitro gas test, cryopreserved rumen fluid, energy prediction, digestibility
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 237
DAIRY CATTLE BEHAVIOUR IN DIFFERENT HOUSING SYSTEMS
Elif Şahin1, Nuh Uğurlu1
1Selcuk University, Faculty of Agriculture, Departmant of Farm Structures and Irrigations, KONYA, TURKEY
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Dairy cattle housing are designed in different ways. Generally, The tie-stall housing systems, free-stall housing systems and loose housing systems are used in dairy cattle. Loose barn and free-stall barn systems have spreaded in recent years. Nowadays, housing types and building designs are come into prominence as main trend in shelters planning for improve the animal welfare. Animal behaviours and environmental factors affect widely the herd management and shelter design in dairy cows company. When the animals are free in housing area, cows stress reduce and productivity and animal welfare rise. Dairy cattle spended more time standing in freestall housing system according to the loose barn. As the lying bout is extended in the total time budget of dairy cattle, milk production is increased. Along with each hour increase of resting time is predicted to increase by 1.7 kg in milk production (Allen et al., 2013). In this review, studies conducted on behaviour of dairy cattle in different housing systems were summarized owing to coming into the forefront appropriate shelter design to animal behaviour in dairy cattle breeding.
Keywords: Behaviour, dairy cattle, design, housing systems
238 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
EVALUATING THE PROPERTIES OF BENEFICIARIES AS PART OF IPARD PROGRAMME: A CASE STUDY IN KONYA
Şenol ÖZDEMİR
Tarım ve Kırsal Kalkınmayı Destekleme Kurumu – Konya
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
This study is aiming at evaluating the properties of beneficiaries, entitled grant as part of IPARD program utilized by Turkey as well in rural development sector. It was conducted a face to face survey study with these beneficiaries within this context. It was tried to both assest the properties of beneficiaries and got under the drawn attention spotlight of IPARD program. We conducted 32 survey studies with owner of the project signed up in the first stage of IPARD program. It was used the complete counting method as a sample survey method due to reach the data easily and small population in the enterprises. The survey data were evaluated in findings chapter by using chart, graph, and average and percentage computation. In addition to these findings, SWOT analysis was performed under 3 three categories. As results of this study, it was found that all the beneficiaries are member of agricultural producer groups and are willing to use the technology. As well as they are generally satisfied with working of IPARD program, IPARD program has not been publicized sufficiently and has been found a complexity structure in terms of beneficiaries. It was recommended that all of the grands should be simplified by uniting under one roof and tailored to regional conditions.
Keywords: IPARD Program, rural development, SWOT
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 239
DETERMINATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECT OF DIFFERENT ESSENTIAL OILS ON TOMATO BACTERIAL PATHOGENS
Feray KARABUYUK1,2, Yesim AYSAN1
1Cukurova University, Faculty of Agriculture, Plant Protection Department 2Cukurova University, Karaisalı Vocational School
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected], [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is an economically important vegetable grown in the world and also in our country. The most important bacterial diseases negatively affecting the tomato production are bacterial speck disease caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst), bacterial leaf spot disease caused by Xanthomonas vesicatoria (Xav) and bacterial wilt disease caused by Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm). In this study; antibacterial effects of nine individual plant essential oils (Juniper oil, rosemary oil, daphne oil, clove oil, priest oil, thyme oil, mint oil, eucalyptus oil and fennel oil) on inhibition ability of three pathogens were investigated in vitro tests using the paper disc method. As a result, among essential oils, thyme, clove, fennel, mint, priest, daphne, eucalyptus and rosemary essential oils inhibited Xav growth with the mean inhibition area of 3957.2, 2123.4, 1131, 551.3, 346.2, 312.7, 182.9 and 69.9 square millimeters, respectively. Thyme, clove, mint, daphne, priest, rosemary and fennel essential oils suppressed Cmm growth with the mean inhibitions of 3611.8 mm2, 821.4mm2, 249.9 mm2, 178.7 mm2, 147.3 mm2, 111.7 mm2 and 5.17 mm2, respectively. Thyme, fennel, clove, rosemary and priest has shown an inhibitory effect on Pst giving mean inhibition zones of 46.8 mm2, 32.2 mm2, 19.6 mm2, 15.4 mm2 and 11.3 mm2, but daphne, eucalyptus and mint hasn’t inhibited Pst growth in vitro petri experiments The essential oil of juniper have not a skill of inhibitory effect on any pathogen.
Keywords: Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, Xanthomonas vesicatoria, Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, antibacterial, essential oil
240 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
THE POLISH TRADE IN HORTICULTURAL PRODUCTS WITH TURKEY Anna Bugała
Institute of Agricultural and Food Economics, National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Turkey is one of the biggest fruit, vegetables and their preserves exporter to The European Union. It is also the fifth, after Spain, Italy, Germany and The Netherlands, horticultural products supplier to Poland. A great deal of Polish import from Turkey are fruit and vegs preserves, nuts and citrus fruit; in export – homogenized vegetables, mix of dry nuts, concentrated apple juice and frozen vegetables. The trade balance of horticultural products between Poland and Turkey is constantly negative. The export value of fruit, vegs and their preserves in 2012-2014 was 3,2 million USD, and import – 166,4 million USD. What is significant for Polish and other EU importers, beside ongoing customs union between Turkey and the European Community as well as gradually deregulated customs barriers in fresh fruits and vegetables is wide variety of Turkish products, ban on GMO crops, and functioning of the national food safety monitoring system. The paper shows changes in trade in fruit, vegs and their preserves between Poland and Turkey in years 2006-2014 on the background of other market players.
Keywords: horticulture products, Turkey horticulture, Poland and Turkey
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 241
ECOLOGICAL AGRICULTURE IN POLAND Bożena Nosecka1, Łukasz Zaremba2
1:Institute of Agricultural and Food Economics Warsaw Horticulture Economics Department, Poland 2:Institute of Agricultural and Food Economics Warsaw Horticulture Economics Department, Poland
Correspondence author’s e-mail: boż[email protected], [email protected]
ABSTRACT The development of ecological agriculture, and more broadly, sustainable agriculture, is one of the priorities adopted for implementation by the European Union in the perspective to 2020. Due to lower productivity of land than in conventional farms, ecological cultivations must be and are supported with subsidies from the EU funds. In Poland, after joining the EU, growth in the number of ecological farms and areas of ecological cultivations is noticed. The article presents the scale and pace of the development in Poland in the period after the accession, as compared to the development of ecological agriculture in other EU countries. The ways of controlling the development of ecological agriculture and its financing were specified, as well as the main problems hindering the development. The analysis was prepared mainly on the basis of the data from the Yearbooks of the Central Statistical Office in Poland and the Reports on the condition of ecological agriculture in Poland prepared by the Inspection of the Commercial Quality of the Agricultural-Food Articles (IJHARS). This is an institution conducting in Poland the inspection of the development of ecological agriculture. The literature concerning the development of ecological agriculture in Poland was also used. Vertical and horizontal methods of comparisons and expert evaluations were used. The analysis shows that the share of ecological cultivation areas in the overall area of arable lands (ca 4%) in Poland is still smaller than the average in the EU, and the main problems in the development of ecological agriculture are: lower, despite subsidies, income of ecological farms than farms with cultivations thru conventional methods, too few ecological processing plants (which determines the poor offer of organic food products), excessive bureaucracy with regard to inspections of ecological farms, a small degree of self-organization of ecological producers and still low ecological awareness of Polish consumers. The system of supervision and control over the development of ecological farms in Poland is positively assessed by the European Commission. Keywords: ecological agriculture, development, control, support, problems
242 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
CROWN GALL DISEASE REACTIONS OF STONE AND POME FRUIT ROOTSTOCKS
Sumer Horuz1, 2, Behcet Kemal Caglar2, Mustafa Kusek3 Yesim Aysan2
1Erciyes University, Seyrani Agricultural Faculty, Plant Protection Department, Kayseri 2Cukurova University, Faculty of Agriculture, Plant Protection Department, 01330-Adana 3Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Faculty of Agriculture, Plant Protection Department, Kahramanmaras
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Rhizobium radiobacter (formerly Agrobacterium tumefaciens) is the most significant bacterial pathogen causing crown gall disease in over 750 individual plant species including fruit trees and ornamentals. This wounded plant cell pathogen causes crown galls on plant roots, stems and so rarely, over soil parts of plants. Biological control strategies are successfully used in disease management; however, it’s ineffective in contaminated soils and seedlings. Thus, it is likely great importance to grow disease resistant cultivars or rootstocks. In this study, the reactions of rootstocks (‘Garnem’, ‘Myrabolan’ and ‘GF-677’) used for stone and pome fruit trees on crown gall disease were determined. A suspension of 109 cfu/ml was inoculated onto the three individual wounds on the stem of rootstocks. The sizes and weights of the formed crown galls were evaluated after five months of the inoculations. The produced galls on ‘Garnem’, ‘Myrabolan’ and ‘GF-677’ were 0.16-5.28 mm, 0.09-4.42 mm and 0.09-0.36 mm in size, respectively. However, the weights of the galls were measured among 0.02-2.85 gr in ‘Garnem’, 0.01-1.58 gr in ‘Myrabolan’ and 0.02-0.11 gr in ‘GF-677’ rootstocks. According to statistical analyses of gall formations, rootstocks were replaced in different groups, additionally, none of them were resistant to crown gall disease. In conclusion, it’s demonstrated that the rootstock ‘Garnem’ is highly susceptible, ‘Myrabolan’ is moderately and ‘GF-677’ rootstock is less susceptible to crown gall disease. While an orchard intends to set up with stone and pome fruit trees or in contaminated fields with R. radiobacter, ‘GF-677’ type variety would prefer in such lands. This search was supported by the Cukurova University Scientific Research Foundation (Project Number: ZF2013BAP15).
Keywords: Agrobacterium tumefaciens, rootstock, disease, reaction
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 243
WHEAT - A DIETARY SOURCE OR A DISEASE SOURCE?
Anamika Pandey1, Mohd Kamran Khan1, Mahinur S. Akkaya2, Erdogan E. Hakki1
1Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey 2Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Wheat is known as one of the most contributing crops in human development. Despite of its critical role, several controversies have been raised regarding its effects on human health. On one hand, it is declared as a crucial part of human diet, while other scientists claimed it a major threat to society leading to several diseases. Gluten protein fraction conferring viscoelastic properties has emerged as one of major sources of human intolerances to wheat. Experts in the area are making efforts to produce celiac toxic peptide free wheat genotypes. Classical breeding for the selection of less toxic wheat lines with less harmful gliadins and employment of RNA interference (RNAi) technology for toxic gliadins silencing are suggested to be promising approaches in this direction. Also, disorders like ‘wheat belly’ lead to increased glycemic index on wheat intake. Several studies have revealed the tolerance of celiac patients towards the consumption of ancient wheat varieties. Hence, enhanced utilization of olden varieties in modern agriculture is proposed as an effective way for handling the problem. New grain processing strategies lead to a major decline in the nutritious components of wheat as compared to the traditional methods. Focusing this, consumption of whole grain meal is advised by dieticians. Also, usage of paleo-diet including meat and vegetables is promoted by several researchers. Although several conclusions have been drawn regarding wheat incorporation in human diet, a major research is required to determine why these health problems arouse only several years back while wheat is being consumed since thousands of years.
Keywords: Ancient varieties, human diet, molecular biology, wheat gluten
244 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
CROSSTALK BETWEEN PLANT-BASED DIET ORIGINATED EXOGENOUS miRNAs AND HUMAN METABOLISM
Hasan CAN, Fatma AKIN, Erdoğan Eşref HAKKI1
1Selcuk University, Agricultural Faculty, Konya
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Dietary intake is the direct contact of the organism with its surrounding environment. That is why it is frequently referred to as ‘we are what we consume’. However our body reorganizes the consumed metabolites based on its specific requirements by using its own genetic makeup, recent progress in the RNA world surprisingly demonstrated that exogenous functional genetic agents are also effective in this control mechanism. In this inter specious cross talk, small RNAs, called microRNAs or miRNAs, are involved. These small RNA molecules that can post-transcriptionally control gene expression among different species are simply called xenomiRs. miRNAs are a class of small and non-coding RNAs of approximately 22-23 nucleotides in length which organize gene expression in post- transcriptional level in animals and plants. miRNAs production profiles varies depending on the developmental stage or the environmental conditions. Considering xenomiRs have important role in health and disease of human, it has become more and more important to acquire knowledge on plant originated miRNAs functional in human body. That function may be related to some crucial roles in regular biological processes such as proliferation, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis, as well as stem cells differentiation and maintenance. They may also be related to a variety of human diseases like cancer, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, adipogenesis and obesity or nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. xeromiRs are found much more frequent in fresh food then cooked ones. Yet no direct evidence about their entries via the gastrointestinal tract to human body exist, but theoretically, miRNAs enter the circulation throughout the gut and indirectly using T-cells and macrophages. The other speculative approach about xeromiRs transport is on the presence of specific transmembrane proteins. Some researchers argue that there are some uncharacterized transporters that they help miRNAs directly enter the circulation. However this transport mechanism is not fully elucidated, the path requires a status of packing, like that of microvesicles that help them to move from one cell to another or from one tissue to another. While xenomiRs provide some clues on the claims of herbal healers no clear evidence exist on the processes they influence. On the other hand, a rice originated xeromiR, miR168a, was demonstrated to regulate a gene related with cholesterol metabolism in human. miR168a has a base complementarity to the gene LDLRAP1. This complementarity leads to the suppression of LDLRAP1, consequently resulting an increased serum low density lipoprotein (LDL) concentration. Possible effects of miRNAs from genetically engineered plants deserves more research.
Keywords: xenomiR, exogenous miRNA, crosstalk between different species, dietary miRNA
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 245
PROMOTING ENTREPRENEURSHIP FOR RURAL TOURISM IN TURKEY
Gamze Aslan1, Tufan Bal1
1Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Suleyman Demirel University, 32220, Isparta, Türkiye
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Because of contribution to national economy, role of tourism in economy has increasing importance in Turkey. In 2014, 42 million tourists came to Turkey, injecting $35 billion to $36 billion into the economy. This is considerably important for developing country like Turkey. Besides, in order to increase the revenue and resources efficiency from rural areas, rural tourism is very rational way for rural development policies in Turkey. Since tourism activity has employment and entrepreneurship dimension for both local communities and economy of a country, to develop entrepreneurship in Turkey, it can be a catalyst factor for rural tourism. In this study, by promoting entrepreneurship in rural tourism, benefits of rural tourism are investigated.
Keywords: Rural Tourism, Entrepreneurship, Turkey
246 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
ASSESMENT OF SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF PRECIPITATION WITH DIFFERENT INTERPOLATION METHODS FOR YEŞILIRMAK CATCHMENT
Demet YILDIRIM1 Hakan ARSLAN2 Bilal CEMEK2
1 Black Sea Region Research Institute, Soil and Water Resources, Samsun /Turkey 2 Ondokuz Mayıs University, Agricultural Faculty, Department of Agricultural Structures and Irrigation Samsun/Turkey
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The spatial interpolation methods, including geostatistics, have been developed for and applied to various disciplines. Precipitation is a very important parameter in soil water content and irrigation research. Precipitations were taken 45 different meteorological stations for Yeşilırmak Catchment and precipitation. Precipitation data has been used the average long annual. To select the optimal method in this paper, five interpolation methods Inverse Distance Weight (IDW), Ordinary Kriging (O.K), Simple Kriging (S.K), Radial Basic Function (RBF) and CoKriging were compared, and then the optimal interpolation method was used to give spatial distribution of precipitation. Satatistical evaluation such as Root Mean Square Eror (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and average slope error (MBE) were performed to determine the best method. The study shows that the different interpolation methods could be successfully used in evaluation of peak and low values of point of monthly total precipitation maps.
Keywords: Geographic Information Methods, Precipitaion, Interpolation Methods, Yesilırmak Catchment
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 247
RESILIENCE AND GOVERNANCE IN SMALL RUMINANT SECTOR IN ISPARTA
F. Handan Giray1, Tufan Bal1, Serkan Boyar1 1Faculty of Agriculture of Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta Turkey Correspondence author’s e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT
The aim of the study is to explore the resilience of small ruminant farms and governance in the sector through analysing the role of the Sheep and Goat Breeders’ Union in strengthening their capacity in this regard. The small ruminant sector and Isparta province in the West Mediterranean Region have been selected because goat and sheep production is traditionally and socio-economically important for this region. The sector is analysed at farm level in terms of governance and resilience; and traditional producers and new/modern producers are compared. Isparta is famous for its natural resources, landscape, and agricultural products such as cherries, apples, rose oil and livestock, especially sheep and goats; it has a surface area of 8,933km², 407,500 habitants, a population density of 45 person/km², and is located in the south-west of Turkey at an altitude of 1,050 m. 30-35 per cent of the population of Isparta live in rural areas, although considerable numbers of people have moved to urban areas. However, those people still maintain family farms even if they have other jobs or sources of income in the city. While livestock production is important for food security for subsistence farmers, fruit production contributes to export. The Sheep and Goat Breeders’ Union was established in 2006 in Isparta and currently has 2,119 members. The total number of animals owned by the members of the Union is 230,867. Comparing this with the total number of small ruminants in Isparta (405,365), more than half of the small ruminants in Isparta are owned by members of the Union). The Breeding under Farm Conditions Project covers 41 sheep farms and 29 goat farms in Isparta. We had meetings with Union workers and farmers in the project, and visited the farms for interviews and in-depth analysis. We interviewed 35 farmers. Five of these had recently established relatively modern farms, and 16 ran old- established farms. All farmers were members of the Union but the five new farms and five of the old farms were not part of the Breeding under Farm Conditions Project. Data was gathered from face to face interviews, stakeholders and expert panels, and analysed by means of the in- depth case study approach, descriptive analysis and network analysis. The study aims to provide an understanding of the role of farmer organisations in strengthening the resilience and competitiveness of farming in relationship with governance and knowledge and learning, giving the particular attention to modernisation in small ruminant farms. It consists of three parts. The first part analyses the current status of the study area in terms of agriculture, small ruminant production, the socio-economic level of producers and the Union. This analysis enables a discussion of the relationship between the Union and its members with regard to modernisation. The second draws on the main theories of modernisation in agriculture. Based on the primary data, it discusses the role of the actors, communication among them, what producers receive from the Union and the other actors, what the Union and the other actors provide to the producers, what producers understand or perceive from modernisation and its relationship with the environment and the economy, and what are the pros and cons throughout the network. The third part more specifically probes into the conceptual framework, and we will discuss interrelations between governance, resilience and competitiveness and conclude with some key messages and policy recommendations.
248 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
APPLICATION OF GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM DATA COLLECTION AND ARCHIVING CROPS AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES (CASE STUDY REGIONAL FARMERS YOGYAKARTA)
Nurul Pratiwiningrum1, Irma Novikawati1, Iim Choirun Nisak1
1Undergraduate Student of Gadjah Mada University, Indonesia
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Healthy food is food that is fresh. The Freshness is guaranteed if the food comes from the immediate environment, is not much processed, also does not contain much mix unnatural ingredients. The food that we consume every day cannot be separated from the food system. The food system consisted of producers and consumers and intermediaries and all the three are connected in a value chain. Collection of the value chain are interwoven to form a food network. This network is similar to the natural ecosystems like a food chain which are held together to form a food web. Our ignorant habit about the food’s origin on the dining table led to the emergence of variety of problems, ranging from health, the selling price of foodstuffs, to the food import policy. This research used the Waterfall method in which the data is collected by doing the routine visit to a village in the format of Plesir Pangan. It is done by Wandering the village to search the origin of local food and hear the story directly from the farmers. The results of this study can help distribute the agricultural products effectively and efficiently and thus can give the farmers a fair profit and improve their welfare. The google map application will help the consumers find the harvest quickly and helping farmers sell their harvest quickly.
Keywords: Network of Food, Local Food, Farmers Welfare, GIS
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 249
VALUE CHAINS AND THE FACTORS WHICH DETERMINE CONSUMER BUYING ORGANIC AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS (CASE STUDY: ORGANIC MARKET JOGJA)
Nurul Pratiwiningrum1, Irma Novikawati1, Iim Choirun Nisak1
1Undergraduate Student of Gadjah Mada University
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Today, the consumption pattern of food and agricultural product has changed. There are more people who switch the non-organic products to the organic products. It has happened in many developed countries in the last two decades. This change was influenced by the increase in people's income, the urbanization, the awareness of environmental issues and health, this change as well as in the demographic structure. In Indonesia, the consumption pattern changes are more prevalent among the middle and upper class society. This study aimed to analyze the value chain of production and distribution of organic agricultural products which are sold in Yogyakarta Organic Market (POJOG). Most of the organic products in POJOG is derived from the harvest of farmer groups around Yogyakarta. Methods of research done by surveys and interviews as well as questionnaires distributed each execution POJOG. The results showed that the distribution channels of organic products in the Organic Market Yogyakarta varied from farmers directly to consumers, farmers to supermarkets, and farmers to consumers via the cooperation. From the result, it can be concluded that there is a positive correlation between income and the consumption of organic products, in which the higher the income is, the more frequent they will consume the organic products. but not education; the probability to consume organic products for the younger age are more frequent and higher, but the reason of environment and expensive price do not affect the probability of consuming organic products more frequently. However, this does not significantly affect the welfare of farmers as the producers providing organic products.
Keywords: value shain, market, organic
250 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
AGRICULTURAL WATER USE IN TURKEY AND WATER FOOTPRINT
Belgin ÇAKMAK1, Zeki GÖKALP2
1Ankara University Agricultural Faculty Agricultural Structures and Irrigation Department
2Erciyes University Agricultural Faculty Biosystems Engineering Department, Kayseri, Turkey
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Although water resources seem to be sufficient under current conditions, Turkey is not a water-rich country. Together with increasing population, Turkey will be a country with water significant water deficits by the year 2030. Therefore, water resources management and sustainable use are the most significant issues. Water footprint is a new approach in assessment of water resources management and use. Water footprint of a country directs the planners, investors and decision makers. It is a measure of consumed and/or polluted volume of water in a unit time. The water footprint of an individual, a society or a business sector is defined as the total amount of water used to produce the goods and services consumed by an individual of a society or the amount of fresh water resources used by producer to produce the goods and services. Water footprint concept is an alternative indicator for water use. It assesses the water consumption rather than water withdrawal from the system. There are three components of water footprint as of blue, green and grey water footprints. Blue water footprint represents the surface and groundwaters needed to produce a good or a service; green water footprint represents rainwater to be used in production of a good; grey water footprint is an indicator of pollution and represents the amount of freh water to be used for the elimination of pollution loads in accordance with current water quality standards. The water used in agricultural production activities is composed of 66% green water and 20% blue water. Domestic and industrial water uses are mostly composed of grey water. In this study, agricultural water use in Turkey was assesses and the new concept “water footprint” was introduced and discussed.
Keywords: Water management, water footprint, water use, blue water, green water
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 251
CURRENT SITUATION OF TURKISH DAIRY INDUSTRY AND FEED EFFICIENCY OF PROFESSIONAL DAIRY FARMS
Halil İbrahim TOSUN, Vedat CEYHAN
Ondokuzmayıs University, Agricultural Faculty, Samsun
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Feed efficiency (FE) is a new term that its popularity has been improving all around the world for the dairy industry. Controlling and monitoring FE is becoming a more common benchmark for profitability of milk production relative to dry matter (DM) intake. Recently in the markets, feeds and commodities are becoming more expensive, which is leading the requirement for more efficient utilization of profitability. The main purpose of the dairy operation must be to maximize the efficiency of converting feed into milk, which also reduce the manure production as well. How efficiently a dairy cow converts feed into milk can affect the dairy operation’s bottom line in economic conditions, can be the difference between producing milk at a profit or a loss. FE has been used in other livestock industries as a benchmark for profitability. Many researchers have been conducted and published on what FE is, how to measure and calculate it, and what factors influence FE. The aim of this study is to deliver the current situation of dairy farms efficiency and productivity in Turkey with practical data. Research data are collected from purposively selected 5-functional dairy cattle farms, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock, The Ministry of Turkey Statistics Institute (TurkStat) and obtained from previously conducted surveys. Partial productivity metrics is used to measure productivity at the firm level. Data envelopment analysis (DEA) was used for the technical efficiency measurement. Efficiency and productivity measurement result showed that utilization of feeds by the dairy cow, especially DM and fiber digestibility is not efficient. Turkey is determined to carry out the efficiency measurement with current conventional methods of dairy farms. DEA results showed that the technical efficiency of the firms is 0.88. This value is examined dairy operator in output in the amount of dry matter and number of dairy cattle used without a decrease of 12% indicates a reduction can be achieved. In order to increase the TE in dairy farms, high digestible feeds has to be used in the dairy cattle rations, particle size in the diet must be always monitored because forage and concentrate feeds should not be selected by cows. Understanding of efficiency mechanism will enable management decisions on the dairy operation to be implemented that will further improve or enhance FE.
Keywords: Dairy cattle, feed efficiency, technical efficiency, productivity, efficiency, stochastic frontier analysis, data envelopment analysis
252 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
PHYTOREMEDIATION: ALTERNATIVE APPROACH TO CLEAN UP THE ENVIRONMENT
Emine ATALAY
Selcuk University, Agricultural Faculty, Konya
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Contaminated soils and waters pose a major environmental and human health problem, which may be partially solved by the emerging phytoremediation technology. Phytoremediation is an innovative use of green plants to clean up our environment. The term comes from the Greek word for plants (“phyto-”) that can detoxify, or remediate, soil or water contaminated with heavy metals or excess minerals. Phytoremediation is the direct use of living green plants for in situ (in-place or on-site) risk reduction for contaminated soil, sludges, sediments, and groundwater, through removal, degradation, or containment of the contaminant. Phytoremediation is an emerging technology that uses either naturally occurring or genetically engineered plants to remediate contaminated soils, sediments, and water. Plant systems and their associated rhizospheric microorganisms are used to remove, degrade, or stabilize a wide variety of environmental contaminants. Phytoremediation targets currently include contaminating metals, metalloids, petroleum hydorcarbons, pesticides, explosives, radionuclides, chlorinated solvents, industrial by-products, and excess nutrients. Phytoremediation can be a cost effective alternative approach for reducing the leaching of contaminatnts through soil or groundwater, reducing the run-off of contaminated stormwater, beginning an initial level of cleanup, and improving the aesthetic condition of a site. Phytoremediation warrants consideration for use in conjunction with other technologies when the redevelopment and land use plans for the site include the use of vegetation. The design of a phytoremediation system varies according to the contaminants, the conditions at the site, the level of cleanup required, and the plants used. Contaminants and site conditions are perhaps the most important factors in the design and success of a phytoremediation system. It is best applied at sites with shallow contamination of organic, nutrient, or metal pollutants that are amenable to one of five applications: Phytotransformation, Rhizosphere Bioremediation, Phytostabilization, Phytoextraction, or Rhizofiltration. In this review, phytoremediation techniques and their utilization are summarised.
Keywords: Phytoremediation, Hyperaccumulator plant, Phytoextraction,
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 253
INVESTIGATION OF GENES ASSOCIATED WITH OVULATION RATE IN TURKISH AWASSI SHEEP
Ahmed Raisan, M. Ali Mohammed Ali, Ferit Can Yazdıç, Emin Özköse1
1Kahramanmaras Sütçü İmam University, Faculty Of Agriculture, Department Of Animal Science
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Since the detection of the Booroola gene (FecB) in Merino sheep, several breeds with high fertility were observed, A naturally occurring mutations that increase ovulation rate has been discovered in the BMPR-1B, BMP15 and GDF9 genes. Knowledge of these mutations has encouraged researchers to screen further prolific sheep breeds to determine if one or more of these mutations is responsible for their high fertility. Recent findings have revealed that high prolificacy in Booroola sheep is caused by a mutation in the bone morphogenetic protein receptor 1B (BMPR-1B) gene, also known as activin-like kinase 6 (ALK6) , it was the first major gene for prolificacy recognized in sheep. The Booroola fecundity gene (FecB) is a single autosomal gene, which increases ovulation rate and litter size in sheep (co-dominant for ovulation rate and partially dominant for litter size) The FecB locus is situated in the region of ovine chromosome 6, which is corresponding to human chromosome 4. It has been found that the effect of FecB mutation is additive for ovulation rate and each copy increases ovulation rate by about 1.6 and approximately one to two extra lambs in Booroola Merinos. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are members of the transforming growth factor- (TGF-) superfamily. They are multifunctional proteins that regulate growth and differentiation in many cell types. BMP-15 gene has been mapped to sheep chromosome-X and has several point mutations. Tow of these mutations were called as FecXI (Inverdale) and FecXG (Galway) Inverdale gene (FecXI) has been reported in Romney sheep, which increases ovulation rate by about 1.0 in the heterozygous state, but causes infertility in females with two copies of this gene and that high prolificacy in Inverdale Romney sheep is due to a (FecXI) mutation in the bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) gene. FecXG, is different to the Inverdale (FecXI) mutation, but the heterozygous phenotype (increased ovulation rate by about 0.7) and homozygous phenotype (infertile with streak ovaries) are identical to Inverdale allele. The aim of the present experimental work is to detect if these mutations ( FecB, FecXI and FecXG) are existing in Turkish Awassi sheep or not.
Keywords: Booroola gene, Turkish Awassi sheep, fertility
254 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
THE LEVEL OF PSP BIOTOXINS IN THE LAGOON OF ORIKUM IN ALBANIA
Romina Libohova1, Rigerta Sadikaj1, Klementına Puto1, Dritan Arapi1, Edlira Baraj2
1Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tirana, 1 Zogu Blvd., 1001 Tirana, Albania 2FIMIF, Polytechnic University of Tirana, Mother Tereza Sq, Nr. 4, 1001 Tirana, Albania
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study is to determine the performance of the development of toxic phytoplankton and the levels of PSP biotoxins in the Lagoon of Orikum. The method used for the determination of PSP biotoxins in the mollusc Mytillus galloprovincialis was the bioevidence in mice whereas the water samples have been subjected to analysis for determining the different types of phytoplankton. The highest values of toxic phytoplankton and in particular of Alexandrium tamarense are recorded in May with 2300 cells per ml, which correlates strongly with the respective levels of PSP biotoxin defined in mussels in this period with a maximum value of 3070 m.u. Alexandrium tamarense and Dinophysis acuminata are mainly two algaes which must be considered as responsible for the synthesis of PSP biotoxin present in bivalve molluscs of the monitoring area taken under review in the context of this study.
Keywords: PSP biotoxins, Lagoon of Orikum, aquatic ecosystem.
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 255
HAPLOIDY TECHNIQUE AND ITS USAGE IN PLANT BREEDING
Münüre Tanur Erkoyuncu1, Mustafa Yorgancılar1
1Selçuk University, Agricultural Faculty, Konya
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Getting increased of world population and decreased of agricultural lands make food necessity become more important. Breeders have focused on yield rising of plant production and its persistence in order to compensate the increased necessity. Moreover, in changed world conditions it’s not only aimed to increase yield and quality in plant breeding also accelerate breeding period. In this case, DH technology constitutes a complementary part in acceleration of plant breeding program that has a prominent significance. Principal of DH technology that has made progress since 1970s is production of haploid plant with tissue culture under in vitro conditions. Fertile double haploid plants are produced with chromosome doubling technique in order to use sterile haploid plants in plant breeding program. With this way, purification process that needs long years can be performed a few months, gaining time in breeding program may be ensured. Furthermore, haploids contains one series in every locus allel and that enables to reveal resessive mutations. In this review, haploid plant production techniques and their utilization are summarised and benefits of this technique in Turkey and world are mentioned.
Keywords: Plant breeding, Double haploid plant, haploid plant
256 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN FRUIT/GRAPEVINE CERTIFICATION IN TURKEY
Burak Aslansoy1, Servet Aras2
1Ministry of Food, Agriculture And Livestock, Aprıcot Research Institute Directorate, Malatya, Turkey 2Selcuk University Faculty of Agrıculture Department of Hortıculture, Konya, Turkey
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Rootstock broods which belong to superior clones used in fruit sapling production in our country are scarcely any in private companies. Therefore, conformity of the name relies upon producer’s explanation. There is no guarantee of saplings which are exposed for sale in markets. Being insufficient of virus free sapling production, that’ s used in establishment of orchard and vine yard, causes importation of milliones of saplings with different species and varieties every year. The important aim of new certification system which is revealed by “Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock” is obtaining of variety registrations and virus free sapling that’s confirmed of the name.
Keywords: Certification, fruit, grapevine, brood parcel
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 257
SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE AND THE ROLE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY IN THE FUTURE
Fatih DEMİREL1, Serap DEMİREL2
1Igdir University Faculty of Agriculture Department of Field Crops, Research assistant 2Igdir University Faculty of Agriculture Department of Horticulture, master student
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The world population have observed that dramatically increase during the past forty years and the world's population is estimated to reach up to 9.2 million until 2050's. The world population seriously increasing, global climate change and global warming have bring on the problem of hunger. To feed the future population, food production of worldwide will requires double increase by the time 2050‘s. As time passes, however, decrease of productive areas in the world raises concerns for the future sustainable agriculture. The creation of new areas for agriculture seems possible by destruction of natural areas and wildlife environment. In this case, the only way to increase agricultural productivity is to take more products per unit area, that is, increase productivity. However, the work and the methods applied in this direction is to bring some drawbacks. Declining soil productivity due to frequent tillage, chemicals and pesticides used for fertilizer and plant protection products and nature can adversely affect. In addition, climate change and global warming brings with positive and negative effects on sustainable agriculture and the change of available biodiversity will be inevitable. In the future, sustainable agriculture is to makes essential due to current problems and global warming in agriculture will lead to problems. Additionally, to meet the basic food needs of the world population, it should be ensured that the increase in production and the sustainability and it is necessary to have a robust science and strong technology. In today's sustainable agricultural systems have a great importance the role of biotechnological applications. The preservation and enhancement of genetic diversity along with biotechnological applications is to make possible and tolerance and resistant varieties to unsuitable environmental conditions including particularly drought are being developed. Agricultural biotechnology applications that allowing to reduce the use of chemical and pesticide inputs is to help to reduce environmental pollution. Also, besides having a positive contribution on sustainable agriculture agricultural biotechnology applications, the negative effects that may occur in the future are taken into consideration. The natural evolution process between these negative effects are likely to change unwanted with genes acquired by the unnatural way. The biotechnological developments of the future will be inevitable to orient sustainable agriculture and perhaps product variety and product pattern of current sustainable agriculture will change greatly with biotechnological applications.
Keywords: Sustainable agriculture, biotechnology, global warm, global climate change, biodiversity, productivity
258 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
DETERMINATION OF SALT (NaCl) TOLERANCE LEVELS OF SOME LOCAL MELON GENOTYPES
Bahar Banu Bati1, Mustafa Paksoy1
1Selçuk University, Agricultural Faculty, Konya-TÜRKİYE
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
This study was conducted to determine the levels of salt (NaCl) tolerance of the some local melon genotypes and was made at Selcuk University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture Experimental Greenhouse and laboratory in 2009. In the research, the dose of 150 mM NaCl application had been tested on, 41 local melon genotypes with two commercial varieties (Kırkağaç 637 and Ananas) of melon had been used as a total of 43 melon genotypes. In the study, the negative effects of salt application was observed on seedling shoot length, shoot diameter, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root fresh weight, root dry weight, leaf number and leaf area.
Keywords: Cucumis melo L., saline soil, melon seedling, nutrients, the development of seedling
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 259
THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT SALINITY LEVELS IRRIGATION WATER TO GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND YIELD PARAMETERS ON MINT (Mentha piperita L.) PLANT
Selda EREN1, Kadir Ersin TEMİZEL1
Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, TURKEY
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
In this study, different salt concentrations and different amounts of irrigation water, peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) plant growth, development and yield in pots under greenhouse conditions was carried out to investigate the effects parameters. Saline irrigation water used in the preparation of the experiment, Magnesium Sulphate (MgSO4), calcium chloride (CaCl2) and sodium chloride (NaCl) salt is used experiments, 5 irrigation water salinity S1= 0.23 dSm-1 (control), S2= 1.0 dSm-1 , S3= 3.0 dSm-1 , S4= 6.0 dSm-1 and S5= 9.0 dSm-1 and 3 irrigation water amount (needed quantity W1= 80% water, W2= 100% W3= 120% level, irrigation subjects) factorial design and randomized design with 4 replicates were examined. In other words, the trials, the amount of water in the greenhouse with five salinity and 5x3=15 issue and 4 replications was carried out a total of 60 pots. At the end of the experiment the analysis of irrigation water salinity and water stress with increasing soil salinity analysis and plant analyzes were conducted. According to data obtained at the end of the research, the increasing salinity and water stress conditions and that leaf chlorophyll content decreased, plant height, stem, leaf, root fresh and dry weight, number of branches, the daily average evapotranspiration, leaf area and plant growth decreased, salinity and essential oil percentage increase was observed in the soil.
Keywords: Mint, salinity, water stress, irrigation
260 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
PRNP EXON 3 POLYMORPHISMS OF THE ANATOLIAN, MURRAH AND CROSSBRED WATER BUFFALOES
Yalçın YAMAN1, Orhan KARADAĞ1, Cemal ÜN2
1 Sheep Research institute, Bandırma/Balıkesir/TURKEY 2 Ege University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology İzmir/TURKEY
Corresponding author’s e-mail: yalcin.yaman @gthb.gov.tr
ABSTRACT
Prion diseases also called TSEs (Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy) cause irreversible and fatal neurodegeneration in human and some animal species. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE), the cattle prion disease, may be most important among other TSE, because it can be transmitted between species, and therat to public health. İt is well defined that the PRNP gene plays a key role in TSE susceptibility. For example, it is well determined that insertion/deletion polymorphism in promoter and intron 1 regions of the PRNP has affected susceptibility against to BSE in cattle. Unlike cattle, BSE has never been diagnosed in water buffaloes. Researches show that both of two region of the buffalo PRNP mostly consist of insertion alleles which considered most resistant alleles to BSE. While this genetic structure may be the reason of the resistance of the buffaloes against to BSE, another reason could be originated from nucleotide differences in the coding gene between cattle and buffalo. To see is there any polymorphisms in coding region, 750bp part of the PRNP exon 3 of the Anatolian, Murrah and their crossbreds were amplified and sequenced in the present study. Three silent nucleotide changes were found at the codons 42, 78 and 95. A nonsynonymous nucleotide change was detected at codon 108 whereas amino acid substitution was Glysin (G) to Serin (S). Minor allele frequencies of codon 108 found to be 0,279 in Anatolian, 0,375 in Murrah and 0,388 in crossbred buffaloes.
Keywords: Buffalo, PRNP, BSE resistance, exon 3
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 261
ROAD NETWORK ANALYSES IN LAND CONSOLIDATION PROJECTS BY GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS)
Fatih Iscan1 and Ceren Yagci1
1Department of Geomatics, University of Selcuk, Konya, TURKEY
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Land consolidation projects is defined as taking any necessary measures for more efficient operation of the agribusiness in accordance as with the requirements of the rural areas in the developing agricultural technologies and rearrangement. Safer and faster transport of agricultural products and access of motor vehicles to all farms with simultaneous improvement in the access of machinery are the some of the benefits of land consolidation projects. While landholdings spend more time travelling between their parcels before land consolidation projects, landholdings can reach their parcels with shorter way and lower fuel costs after land consolidation projects. In this study, the impact on length of roads and fuel costs in land consolidation projects are analysed by the help of GIS technologies. Therefore, the actual length of each of roads from landholdings to any of its parcels and their fuel costs exchanging is computed for before and after land consolidation projects. According to the results, road lengths is decreased about 77 % and daily fuel saving is about 14.33 $ after land consolidation project.
Keywords: Fuel Cost, GIS, Land Consolation, Landholdings, Road Length
262 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
TARIMIN TÜRKİYE EKONOMİSİNDE YERİ
Selda ARSLAN
Tarımsal Ekonomi ve Politika Geliştirme Enstitüsü – ANKARA
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Tarım, bir yaşam biçimi olmakla birlikte, yurt içi gıda gereksinimini karşılama, sanayi sektörüne girdi temin etme, sanayi ürünlerine talep oluşturma, milli gelir, ihracat geliri ve istihdam sağlama yönüyle ülke ekonomisine değişik yollardan katkı sağlayan önemli bir sektördür. Çeşitli iklim koşullarına sahip olan Türkiye her türlü tarım ürününün yetişmesine olanak sağlayan ender ülkeler arasında yer almaktadır. Tarım, genel bir ifadeyle insanların toprağı işleyerek ekme ve dikme yoluyla ondan ürün elde etme faaliyeti olarak tanımlanmakta, bitkisel üretime ek olarak; hayvansal üretim, ormancılık, balıkçılık ve tarım teknolojileri faaliyetlerini de kapsamaktadır. 2014 yılı TÜİK verilerine göre gayri safi yurt içi hasıla (GSYİH) içinde tarım sektörünün payı %7,1 olup, toplam istihdamın %21,3’ü tarım sektöründe istihdam edilmektedir. Aynı yılın verilerine göre 77,7 milyon olan Türkiye nüfusunun %8,2’si tarımsal alanda yaşamaktadır. Görüldüğü gibi nüfusun ve istihdamın önemli bir bölümü hala tarım sektöründe yer almaktadır. Bu da tarımın her ne kadar GSYİH içindeki payı düşük olsa da, ekonomi içinde önemli bir yere sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Nitekim tarımın GSYİH içindeki payının düşük olması sanayi ve hizmetler sektörlerindeki payın yükseldiği anlamına da gelmektedir. Tarım tüm dünya ülkelerinde olduğu gibi Türkiye için de stratejik öneme sahip hassas ve bir o kadar da ekonomik büyüme ve gelişmenin kilit noktasını oluşturan bir sektördür. Mutlak suretle korunması ve desteklenmesi gereken sektörün ekonomiye olan katkılarını arttırmak için tarım ve sanayi sektörlerinde uygulanan politikaların uyum içerisinde olması, birikim ve yatırımların doğru yapılması gerekmektedir. Bu önemden dolayı bu derlemede tarımın Türkiye ekonomisindeki yeri yıllar itibariyle incelenerek, tarımın ekonomideki yerinin tespit edilmesi ve bu alanda ki karar alıcıların doğru karar almalarına yardımcı olacak bilgilerin üretilmesi amaçlanmaktadır.
Keywords: Tarım, Türkiye’de Tarım, Türkiye Ekonomisi
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 263
UTILIZATION OF SOLVENT RETENTION CAPACITY TEST FOR EVALUATION OF HARD RED SPRING WHEAT QUALITY
Bahri Ozsisli1, Amber Lindgren2 and Senay Simsek2
1Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Department of Food Engineering, Kahramanmaras, TURKEY 2North Dakota State University, Department of Plant Sciences, P.O. Box 6050, Department 7670, Fargo, ND, 58105, U.S.A.
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The solvent retention capacity (SRC) method is often used to evaluate soft wheat for end- product functionality. There currently is not any extending research on hard wheat and different milling fractions using the SRC method. The suitability of using solvent retention capacity for hard red spring (HRS) wheat was evaluated on the flour quality of different Buhler mill-stream flour samples. The wheat sample was a composite blend of Glenn, Prosper and Barlow varieties. The sample was milled using a Buhler mill to produce six different flour streams. The quality and end use functionality of the flour streams were measured using rheological and end-product quality methods, which were evaluated with the SRC results. The results were analyzed for correlations between flour samples and SRC values compared to other flour parameter tests including the Farinograph, Mixograph and Rapid Visco Analysis (RVA). The SRC results displayed differences between flour streams for flour composition, pasting properties, and end product quality. These results were expected because mill streams do not produce identical flour samples. Some of the stream samples displayed significant (p<0.05) differences in SRC profiles, which are helpful for millers who separate mill stream fractions based on specific end use products. The SRC had very high significant (p<0.001) correlations with the Farinograph water absorption parameter and some end product quality parameters. These correlations indicate that the SRC method could be used to test for the Farinograph water absorption parameter.
Keywords: Wheat, milling fractions, solvent retention capacity, Farinograph, Mixograph and Rapid Visco Analysis
264 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
DETERMINATION OF Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. melonis (RACE 1) TOLERANCE LEVELS OF SOME LOCAL MELON GENOTYPES
Bahar Banu Bati1, Mustafa Paksoy1, Önder Türkmen1
1Selçuk University, Department of Landscape Architecture, Konya
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
In this study, compiled from Çumra region of the province of Konya, 41 local melon genotypes with two commercial varieties of melon resistance to fusarium wilt were determined by conventional methods. In the study, especially melon farming creates major problems in Fusarium oxyspori f. sp. Melonis No. 1 is intended to reveal the reactions of genotypes against the race. According to the results of the study, 35 grains of melon genotypes are sensitive to 8 of them has been identified as heterogeneous. In this study, the open field cultivation areas compiled from local genotypes revealed the presence of this factor in 41 and 2 commercial varieties. As a result of the study, 42 ÇU 10 have been identified as partially resistant varieties.
Keywords: Melon, Cucumis melo L., Fusarium oxysporium f. sp. Melonis, wilt disease
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 265
PREDICTION OF WASTEWATER ORIGINATED BIODEGRADABLE DISSOLVED ORGANIC NITROGEN USING MULTILAYER PERCEPTRON AND ADAPTIVE NEURO-FUZZY INFERENCE SYSTEMS
Bilal Cemek1, Eakalak Khan2, Mithat Direk3, Halis Simsek4
1Department of Agricultural Structures and Irrigation, College of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey 2Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA 3Demaprtment of Agricultural Economic, College of Agriculture, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey 4Agricultural & Biosystems Engineering, North Dakota Stat e University, Fargo, ND, USA
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Wastewater derived dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) is typically constitute of the majority of total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) discharged to surface waters from advanced wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Up to 85% of effluent total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) can be consists of DON in advanced treatment systems. Biodegradable DON (BDON) is a portion of DON that biologically degradable by bacteria when the optimum conditions were met. BDON and TDN in a two-stage trickling filter WWTP were estimated using two mathematical based models, which were the Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference Systems (ANFIS) models. TDN and BDON data were collected from four different locations in the plant and used to train and test the models. Inorganic nitrogen, DON and TDN data were used as input parameters. Both models provided high performance on the prediction of BDON and TDN in all four locations. Modeling results showed that R2 values for training and testing were varied between 0.88 and 0.99 in MLP model, and varied between 0.91 and 0.99 in ANFIS model, respectively.
Keywords: Biodegradable dissolved organic nitrogen, dissolved organic nitrogen, artificial neural network, and wastewater
266 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
ANIMAL DEATH AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (HAYVAN ÖLÜMLERİ VE ÇEVRE KİRLİLİĞİ)
M. Kemal Çiftçi1, Funda Terzi 1, Mustafa Ortatatli 1, Fatih Hatipoğlu1, Özgür Özdemir1
1Selcuk University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology, Campus-Konya, TURKEY
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Today, an animal, especially a bovine animal, which is died in the barn, in enterprises or pasture; what it is being done? In the livestock companies, the animals which are killed in stalls, can they be eliminated to without polluting the barn, in business even environment? Does these corpses being moved to necropsy-autopsy rooms and/or the pet cemetery or to the center of medical waste in appropriate conditions? At the present time, in summit of technological development in all areas, bovine animals died in the barn, have been usually dragged out of the barn to remove! Later, they are sometimes buried in a pit at a location away from the enterprises, but most of the time; they are thrown at random for eating by dogs and wild animals! More than 200 of the infectious diseases seen in animals are zoonotic diseases (transmitted from animal to human) such as rabies, anthrax, tuberculosis, brucellosis etc. Thus, it is understood that this statement how is a serious problem for public health and also animal health! With the development of today’s technology, does not it possible to destroy the dead animals without polluting the environment, after performing necropsy of dead animals and identifying the cause of death of the animal without contaminating the around with infectious agents? -Of course possible, if the relevant agencies and organizations understand the importance of this issue. In this presentation, it will be drawn attention to this problem that extremely important in terms of public health and animal health, and concrete solutions will be presented.
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 267
EMPLOYING IMAGE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES TO EVALUATE CORN CROP STAND COUNTING USING UAV REMOTE SENSING IMAGERY
Mohammadmehdi Maharlooei1, Alimohammad Shirzadifar2, Saravanan Sivarajan2, Sreekala G. Bajwa2, John Nowatzki2
1Department of Mechanical Engineering of Biosystems, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Iran 2Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering Dept. North Dakota state University, Fargo, ND, USA
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Accurate estimation of stand counting and the distance between planted crops within the field are considered as important factors to assess the accuracy of planters in planting operation and help producers to make site-specific management decisions. In this paper, we evaluated two image processing methods to count the number of corn stand counts and determine the distance between corn plants. The RGB aerial imagery data were collected using UX5 (Trimble navigation, Gent, Belgium) unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) platform in 2014 crop growing season in an experiment field at Carrington, North Dakota, USA. The captured images were processed in two image processing software ENVI (Exelis, CO, USA) and MATLAB (Mathworks, MI, USA) using excess green approach to estimate the corn stand count. Excess Green (2*G-R-B) algorithm detects green objects from soil in the field. The misclassification rates for plant (MCRP) and soil (MCRS) were (2.4±1.3) % and (2.8±0.7) % [mean±SD], whereas correct classification rates for plants (CCRp) and soil (CCRs) were found to be (97.0±1.1) % and (94.8±1.3) %, respectively. The developed algorithms provided accurate image delineation and also accurate corn crop stand counting. Further investigations need to be performed to evaluate the robustness of suggested method in different ambient light intensities and environmental conditions.
Keywords: UAV, Stand counting, Aerial Imagery, Image processing
268 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
LOW-COST ENVIRONMENT-FRIENDLY WASTEWATER TREATMENT SYSTEMS IN TURKEY (CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS)
Zeki GÖKALP1, Belgin ÇAKMAK2
1Erciyes University Agricultural Faculty Biosystems Engineering Department, Kayseri, Turkey 2Ankara University Agricultural Faculty Agricultural Structures and Irrigation Department, Ankara
Corresponding author’s email: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Natural systems for treatment and management of municipal and industrial wastewaters and residuals feature processes that use minimal energy, minimal or no chemicals and they produce relatively lower amounts of residual solids. In most cases, this approach will result in a system that costs less to build and operate and requires less energy than mechanical treatment alternatives. Among those natural treatment systems, the constructed wetlands are the systems emulating the natural wetland systems. They are commonly used for treatment of domestic and industrial wastewater in specially designed basins with aquatic plants and easily be used for small-to-medium sized communities. Serious interest in natural methods for waste treatments has reemerged throughout the world. Constructed wetlands with their cheaper and easy construction, low energy and labor costs, easy operation, maintenance and monitoring were specified as the primary issue in rural development strategy document of State Planning Organization of Turkey. Almost all the systems in Turkey are designed as sub-surface horizontal flow type constructed wetlands and most of them are not able to perform as expected because of errors and mistakes made during the design, construction, operation and maintenance of these systems. In this study, general issues to be considered in design, construction, operation and maintenance of sub-surface horizontal flow constructed wetlands commonly used in rural parts of Turkey for domestic wastewater treatment purposes were assessed and current implementations in Kayseri Province were investigated. Potential mistakes made in their design, construction, operation and maintenance of them were pointed out and possible solutions were proposed.
Keywords: Wastewater, natural treatment, constructed wetlands, Kayseri
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 269
STANDARDIZATION OF SEED COATING POLYMER FOR MAIZE
Vishwanath S. Medar, Patil, S. B., Shakuntala, N. M., Sangeetha, I. M., And Kuchanur, P. H.
Corresponding author’s email: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
An experiment was carried out in CRD design with four replications and six treatments. Among the treatments, significantly highest germination (97.75 %), shoot length (14.50 cm), root length (21.80 cm), seedling dry weight (169.75 mg), speed of germination (16.00) and seedling vigour index (3549) were recorded in P4 (6 ml polymer per kg of seed). Whereas, lowest germination (95.00 %), shoot length (12.50 cm), root length (16.13 cm), seedling dry weight (160.50 mg), speed of germination (14.07) and seedling vigour index (2720) in P1 (untreated seeds). From this study it can be concluded that among the treatments P4 was best to get higher seed quality parameters for seed coating in hybrid maize.
Keywords: Polymer and Maize hybrid (RMH-2)
270 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
GRAPHENE OXIDE FUNCTIONALIZED WITH (3-AMINOPROPYL) TRİETHOXYSILANE-IRON OXIDE NANOPARTICLES COMPOSITE AS A NEW ELECTROCHEMICAL SENSING PLATFORM
Salih Zeki Bas1, Mustafa Ozmen1, Esra Maltas1, Ayse Civit2, Mehmet Kursat Isik2
1Selcuk University, Department of Chemistry, 42075, Selcuklu, Konya, Turkey 2Konya Food & Agriculture University, 42080, Meram, Konya, Turkey
Corresponding author’s email: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
As a derivative of graphene, Graphene oxide (GO) have been widely used in many applications due to its electronic and mechanical properties as well as its large surface. Also, new hybrid materials can be prepared with a combination of GO and metal nanoparticles to improve their existing properties with a synergistic effect. The use of the combined materials exhibits highly sensitive and selective response to target substance in measuring medium and also provides the preparation of more effective and robust (bio)sensors. The determination of hydrogen peroxide has an importance in food, mining, textile, pharmaceutical, clinical and environmental applications. In living organisms, hydrogen peroxide also plays an essential role as a signaling molecule in regulating various biological processes as well as its well-known cytotoxic effects. Hydrogen peroxide is also a product released during the oxidation of the substrate catalyzed by enzymes such as glucose oxidase, cholesterol oxidase, lysine oxidase, xanthine oxidase etc. Hence, the study on the determination of hydrogen peroxide is of clinical and industrial importance. This study presents the preparation of Fe3O4 functionalized graphene oxide as a new bio- compatible material for sensor applications. Fe3O4 functionalized graphene oxide was synthesized by a two-step process. First, Fe3O4 was modified by (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane to introduce amino groups on the surface of graphene oxide(GO). Second, the modified Fe3O4 was reacted with the carboxylic groups of GO by an activating agent N-(3- dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride to form a new material called as Fe3O4-GO. The electrocatalytic activity of Fe3O4-GO towards electrooxidation of H2O2 was described by using electrochemical techniques.
Keywords: (bio) sensor, hydrogen peroxide, graphene oxide, iron oxide nanoparticles
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 271
STUDIES ON OVICIDAL EFFECTS OF SOME PLANT EXTRACTS AGAINST THE Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (COL.: BRUCHIDAE)
Murat Nadi TAŞ1, Meryem UYSAL2, Hüseyin ÇETİN2
1Bahri Dağdaş International Agricultural Research Institute, Turkey 2 Selcuk University, Faculty of Agriculture, Turkey
Corresponding author’s email: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
In this study, ovicidial effect of methanol extracts from tipton’s weed (Hypericum perforatum L.), cummin (Cuminum cyminum L.), anise (Pimpinella anisum L.), thyme (Origanum onites L.), were tested againts Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Col.: Bruchidae). The experiments were conducted in laboratory conditions of 30˚C, 55+ 5% RH and conducted dark. In the ovicidial effect tests, the doses applied to a day old eggs of Callosobruchus maculatus F. were 2-4-8 (w/w). Methanol extracts of anise resulted in mean egg hatch of 63.35 per cent at 8 per cent (weigh/weigh) concentration in comparison to control where 95.00 per cent egg hatch was observed. This was followed by cumin, thyme and tipton’s weed extracts where the same concentration resulted in 75.00, 83.35 and 86.65 per cent egg hatch respectively. As statistically among to extracts only anise showed a strong ovicidial effect.
Keywords: Callosobruchus maculatus, methanol extracts, tipton’s weed
272 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
ALTERNATIVE TREATMENT METHODS IN ORGANIC ANIMAL PRODUCTION
M.Kürşat Işık1, Sabiha Ünal2
1Veterinarian, Konya Food and Agriculture University, Dede Korkut Neigh. Beyşehir Avenue No: 9 42080 Meram / Konya
2Veterinarian, Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock, General Directorate of Food And Control 9. km of Eskişehir Highway. Floor: 5 Lodumlu / Ankara
Correspondence author’s e-mail: [email protected], [email protected]
ABSTRACT
As mentioned in Article 18 of "Regulation on Principles of Organic Agriculture and The Implementations" entered into force by publishing in 18 August 2010; "Alternative treatment methods; homeopathic and phytotherapeutic products use instead of allopathic veterinary medicinal products synthesized by chemically or antibiotics." Usage of preparations synthesized by chemically is restricted to three times within a year. Furthermore, usage of chemical synthetics is restricted to once a year in animals with effective lifetime at least one year. If they were applied chemical treatment more than once, said animals or products obtained from these animals cannot be sold as organic products. Phytotherapeutic products are licensed by the Ministry according to Regulation on Non- medical Veterinary Health Products entered into force by publishing in 17 December 2011. These products are not subject to receipt. Homeopathic products are licensed by the Ministry according to Regulation on Veterinary Medical Products entered into force by publishing in 24.12.2011. These products are subject to receipt. It is extremely important in terms of protecting human and animal health that ensuring widely usage of alternative treatment methods by introducing instead of allopathic products, especially in organic agriculture, and good agriculture and conventional agriculture.The aim of the present study is to expand use of homeopathic and phytotherapeutic preparations instead of allopathic products."
Keywords: Homeopathic Products, Phytotherapeutic Products, Allopathic Products
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 273
APPLICATION OF GASEOUS OZONE AGAINST PAENIBACILLUS LARVAE SPORES ON HIVE MATERIALS
Emrah Torlak1, Mehmet Kürşat Işık2
1Necmettin Erbakan University, Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 42090, Konya, Turkey 2 Konya Food and Agriculture University, 42080, Konya, Turkey
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Paenibacillus larvae is the etiological agent of American Foulbrood (AFB), a severe bacterial disease of honey bee brood (Apis mellifera). P. larvae spores can survive in the environment for an extended period of time, and are resistant to a wide-variety of treatments such as heat, desiccation and chemicals. In this study, the efficacy of gaseous ozone in inactivating the P. larvae spores on wooden and plastic hive materials was investigated. Pinewood and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) sticks, representative hive materials, were inoculated with a spore cocktail of three strains of P. larvae. Inoculated sticks were treated with two different constant concentrations of gaseous ozone (9.8 and 17.1 mg/L). Ozonation at 17.1 mg/L for 120 min yielded over the 4 log reduction in the counts of spores on PVC sticks. Whereas, reduction of 2.3 log was obtained on pinewood sticks at the same experimental conditions. Our results suggest that gaseous ozone treatment a promising candidate for the sterilization of plastic hives contaminated with P. larvae spores.
Keywords: Paenibacillus larvae spores, Gaseous Ozone, Hive Material
274 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
ORGANIC AGRICULTURE AND GLOBAL WARMING
Sabiha Ünal1, M. Kürşat Işık2
1Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock, General Directorate of Food and Control, 9. km of Eskişehir Highway. Floor: 5 Lodumlu / Ankara
2Konya Food and Agriculture University, Dede Korkut Neigh. Beyşehir Avenue No: 9 42080 Meram / Konya
ABSTRACT
As it is known, a large increase was observed in the amount of greenhouse gases as a result of excessive use of fossil fuels with the industrial revolution. It is seen that linear relationship between atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations and global temperature as a cause of global warming. Climate change is simply defined as changes in temperature and raining. However, it affects the entire ecosystem with environment, human, animal, plant health and agriculture when we considered the effects. Production through agricultural production methods reducing greenhouse gas emissions against changing climate comes to the fore. Agriculture is an important sector, which is affecting the climate change and also affected by it. Organic agriculture (ecological, biological) is a nature-friendly and environment-friendly production model. Organic agriculture is an agricultural system generated as an alternative against problems in terms of human health, economy and environment of agriculture based on high input usage... The use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides is restricted in organic agriculture. Organic agriculture gives importance to activities such as green manure, compost making and alternation. This gives ecosystem the property of being more resistant to effects of climate change. Furthermore, it leads decreasing of the emissions generated during production and transport of such materials, and thus decreasing of formation of agricultural origin greenhouse gases. Because organic agriculture and carbon emissions into the atmosphere, greenhouse gases and the measurements come to the fore in our country recently, there is need for researches and studies to be done on these issues.
Keywords: Climate Change, Organic Agriculture, Greenhouse Gases, Global Warming
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 275
THE KNOWLEDGE LEVEL OF THE RURAL POPULATION ABOUT THE ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES: ERZURUM CITY, CENTRE DISTRICTS CASE (YAKUTIYE, PALANDÖKEN AND AZIZIYE)
Züleyha Bingül1, Tuğba EREM KAYA1
1Çevre ve Şehircilik İl Müdürlüğü, Erzurum
Corresponding author’s email: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Bu araştırmada; Erzurum İli, Merkez İlçelerdeki çiftçilerin çevre bilinç düzeylerinin ortaya konması amaçlanmıştır. Veriler; Erzurum İli, Merkez ilçelere ait köylerden anket yoluyla toplanmıştır. Örnek hacminin belirlenmesinde oransal örnekleme yöntemi kullanılarak 67 işletme saptanmıştır. Ayrıca çevre bilinç düzeyini ölçmek için Likert ölçeği esas alınarak puanlama yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonucunda çiftçilerin ne düzeyde çevre bilincine sahip oldukları belirlenmiştir.
Keywords: Erzurum, tarım, çevre, kırsal halk, çevre bilinci
276 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
URBAN SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN MUNICIPALITIES: THE CASE OF ERZURUM METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY
Züleyha Bingül1, Fatma Ekmekyapar Torun2
1Çevre ve Şehircilik İl Müdürlüğü, Erzurum 2Atatürk Üniversitesi, Mühendislik Fakültesi, Çevre Mühendisliği Bölümü, 25240, Erzurum
Corresponding author’s email: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The municipal solid wastes should be collected and disposed to reduce the harmful effects. One of the duties of the municipalities is to collect, transport and dispose of solid wastes. According to the Solid Waste Control Regulation, the local district municipalities are responsible for the collection and transportation of all municipality solid waste to the transfer station. The Metropolitan Municipality is also responsible for the construction and operation of the final disposal sites. In this study, the quantity, collection, transportation and disposal and the municipal management of solid wastes in Erzurum were determined and examined. The Solid Waste Control Regulation is efficiently applied by Erzurum Metropolitan Municipality. The solid wastes formed in Erzurum are collected by Erzurum Metropolitan Municipality and are transported to the landfill operated by the Erzurum Metropolitan Municipality. The solid wastes transported are placed in prepared cells and are further compressed by bulldozers. At the end of the daily storage operation, the cells are covered with soil. The wastewater treatment in the plant, which has 280-400 tons average daily rate of disposal solid waste, is performed by reverse osmosis which is one of the advanced treatment systems.
Keywords: Erzurum, solid waste, solid waste management, collection, landfill
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 277
EVALUATION OF MICROBIAL CONTAMINATION IN LAGOON OF ORIKUM IN ALBANIA
Romina Libohova1, Klementina Puto1, Rigerta Sadikaj1, Dritan Arapi1, Edlira Baraj2, Entela Azemaj1
1Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tirana, 1 Zogu Blvd., 1001 Tirana, Albania 2FIMIF, Polytechnic University of Tirana, Mother Tereza Sq, Nr. 4, 1001 Tirana, Albania
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this paper is to determine the level of water and fish pollution from pathogenic microorganisms, Fecal Coliforms and Fecal Streptococcus (FC / FS), in lagoon of Orikum during 2013-2014. Samples are taken with bottles, sterilized before at a temperature 1210C for 20 minutes. The amount of water samples has been over 250 mL and their transport is made at a temperature 40C. The analyses of taken samples have been done within 24 hours from sampling time. It is used the multiple-tube fermentation method. The presence or absence of gas / turbidity in each tube is used to calculate the Most Probable Number (MPN). As regards the quality of water in the Lagoon of Orikum, in sampling station where we also analyzed fishes of this area, resulted that there was no contamination with pathogenic microorganisms (Fecal Coliform / Fecal Streptococcus). Considering these bacterial indicators, in four seasons when samples are taken, respectively (spring, summer, autumn, winter) the level of Fecal Coliforms and Fecal Streptococcus was within allowed and recommended values of UE, lower than 2000 bacteria /100 ml. The Lagoon of Orikum is analyzed to make comparisons between two lagoonal areas in the district of Vlora.
Key words: Fecal Coliforms, Fecal Streptococcus, microbial pollution, Lagoon of Orikum.
278 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
DETERMINANTS OF EGYPT’S FOREIGN TRADE WITH ARAB COUNTRIES USING THE GRAVITY MODEL
Ahmed M.A. Mohamed1, Abd El-Baky M. El-Shaieb1
1Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Egypt
Corresponding author’s email: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The main objective of this paper is to determine the factors that affect Egypt’s bilateral trade flows to the Arab markets. Based on the panel data, the gravity model approach has been used to estimate Egypt’s total trade, exports, and imports with the Arab countries through annual data covering the period 2000 to 2013 for 19 Arab countries. The gravity model in its random effects panel data was investigated. The results show that Egypt’s GDP, importer’s GDP, Egypt’s population, importer’s population, and distance are the main factors affecting Egypt’s total trade and exports to Arab markets. In case of imports, only Egypt’s GDP, importer’s GDP, and Egypt’s population are the main factors.
Keywords: Egypt, Arab markets, gravity model, panel data, trade
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 279
REMOVAL OF CR(VI) BY ECO-FRİENDLY ADSORBENT FROM THE WASTE HORNS
Eyüp Demir1, Zeliha Çınar1, Şerife Parlayıcı1, Erol Pehlivan1
1Department of Chemical Engineering, Selcuk University, Campus, 42079 Konya, Turkey
Corresponding author’s email: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Keratin is a major component of horns and has abundant huge amount of protein. It is a natural biodegradable material which is able to bind charged species such as chromium and arsenic. In this research, the raw horn (RH) and modified horn (MH) as a biosorbent for adsorption of Cr(VI) in aqueous solution was researched. The RH was modified with ferric nitrate solution and horn-iron(III) oxy-hydroxides (H-HFO) was obtained. The uptake properties of RH and MH was investigated by Cr(VI) capacity determination. The Batch removal model for RH and MH was applied as a function of time, adsorbent dosage, and of the pH to evaluate the performance of them. The adsorption of Cr(VI) was tried for 24 hours periods and teh equilbrium was established in 6 hours for the both biosorbents. The amount of adsorbant directly affected the capacity of the biosorbents and 0.25 g of biosorbent was preferred quantity in the adsorption process. The mechanism for Cr(VI)-biosorbent equilibrium was inspected by using Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models. The best effect of the pH on the removal was found 1.5 and 2.0 for RH and MH, respectively. The removal of Cr(VI) was also found to follow the Langmuir isotherm model for the both biosorbents and the maximum biosorption capacities are 55.0 and 83.47 mg/g Cr(VI) ion of RH and MH, respectively.
Keywords: Hexavalent chromium, keratin, equilibrium, biosorption
280 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
AN ANALYTICAL STUDY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF CONSUMERS’ EXPENDITURE AND CONSUMPTION OF ANIMAL PRODUCTS IN EGYPT (CHALLENGES-OPPORTUNITIES)
Sobhy Ahmed Abou El-Naga1
Agricultural Economics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Menoufiya University
Correspondence author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
This study aims to analyze the development of the Egyptian consumer spending and consumption of some important food commodities with a focus on animal products particularly in Egypt, during the period 1951/1952 - 2010 / 2011 to highlight the extent of change that has occurred on the average per capita of these commodities during the study period as well as estimating changes in consumer spending by estimating consumer spending functions on animal products to get to know the nature of those functions, so that it could be used in the development of consumer policy for such goods and to fill the gap between supply and demand for these commodities in Egypt. It has been proved that the increase per capita consumption of animal production commodities in Egypt in recent years at the expense of other commodities, especially grains and starches was due to increased production but this increase is very small for the rate of increase of the population in the study period, especially if compared to average per capita consumption in the developed countries. And has resulted in the statistical measurement of expenditure functions estimated that the values of the coefficients Elasticity calculated for commodities of animal production in studied period in urban and rural Egypt, do not represent significant differences for both consumption sectors and were all higher than the right one which indicates that the goods of animal production in Egypt until now are from the luxury goods. The study also showed that there are challenges facing shrinking the gap between production and consumption of these products with an attempt to propose some possible solutions to overcome them.
Keywords: Egyptian consumer, animal products, consumer policy, expenditure functions, elasticity
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 281
ASSESMENT OF KONYA GREENHOUSE PROJECTION
Bünyamin Demir1, Selda Örs2
1Erciyes University Seyrani Agricultural Faculty Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kayseri 2Ataturk University Agricultural Faculty Department of Agricultural Structures and Irrigation, Erzurum
Corresponding author’s email: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Konya is one of the most significant region of Turkey’s agricultural character. Considerable amount of agricultural production in our country are mostly produced in Konya. One of the production method has been used in the region is greenhouse technique, became widespread in recent years. In this study, the aim was to determine the projection of Konya province greenhouse production. The projection coefficient were calculated by using last ten years data of production area and production quantity; according to its increase or decrease, Konya projection of last ten years were evaluated and compared to Turkey’s dataset. Projection coefficients were found as 20.68%, -62.41%, -50.78%, 0% for glass greenhouse, plastic greenhouse, high tunnel, low tunnel, respectively. The increase in projection coefficient caused an increase in the area of greenhouse, thus its production. The projection coefficients of glass greenhouse were found higher than Turkey’s mean values.
Keywords: Konya, greenhouse production, projection
282 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
THE TRIANGLE OF MEDIA-FOOD-HEALTH
Celile Özçiçek Dölekoğlu1, F. Handan Giray2, Ayşe Şahin3
1Çukurova Üniversitesi, Sivil Havacılık Yüksekokulu, Sivil Hava Ulaştırma İşletmeciliği BESYO Kat:3 Balcalı/Adana 2Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi, Tarım Ekonomisi Bölümü 32000 Çünür / ISPARTA 3Mersin Üniversitesi, İİBF, İşletme Bölümü Çiftlikköy/Mersin
Corresponding author’s email: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Inconceivable changes in the technology cause also various changes in the life styles, customs and perceptions of the people. The media is one of the important tools in these changes. TV occupies an important time of many people’s life for news, fun and learning. However, while doing these, it effects on our wishes, expectations and life styles through its leading, addiction and hypnoses features. These features of the TV encourage using it more and for different purposes. It is also supported by easy mobile watching facilities, high number of alternative channels and programs. It is obvious that the TV highly effects on consumption through advertisements and programs while it is also used for informing and teaching purposes. These effects might be in positive way but also misleading. Particularly increases in the programs regarding health, nutrition and public awareness confuse and/or change perceptions of people. In 2011 there were 1125 radio and TV channels in Turkey (www.tuik.gov.tr) and the average TV watching duration is 3.9 hours (Eurodata, 2010). Sixty per cent of the women watch TV 2- 5 hour a day (RTÜK, 2010). This study aims at identifying TV watching habits of women who are the target of health and nutrition programs in order to investigate informative and teaching role of the TV. It analyzed the data collected through 1152 face to face interviews with women in three provinces (Adana, Mersin, and Antalya) of Turkey in 2012. The average time of watching TV is 3.6 hours and the most favorite programs are TV series (53.7%) and then news, specific programs for women and health related programs. 78.5 per cent of the people watches the programs on health. The study analyses how the TV changes human behavior and how it can be used more as an informative and teaching tool.
Keywords: Media, food news, television
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 283
FACTORS AFFECTING EGYPT’S POTATOES EXPORTS IN THE GLOBAL MARKET
Rania A.M. Ahmed1, Hussein Sarhan 2
1Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Egypt 2Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Egypt
Corresponding author’s email: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
This paper investigates the factors affecting Egypt’s potatoes exports in the global market. The research employed simple, multiple, and stepwise regressions (linear and double logarithmic) to determine the most factors affecting the demand for Egypt’s potatoes export in the global markets especially to the German and Greek markets during the period 1995-2011. The results indicated that the most factor that affect Egypt’s potatoes exports to Germany is the population of Germany. The results showed also that the most factors affecting Egypt’s potatoes exports to Greece are the price percentage of potatoes exports between Egypt and France in the Greek market, exchange rate of USD and the percentage between Egypt’s potatoes export price and the average export price of all competing countries in the Greek market.
Keywords: Egypt, potatoes, exports, regression analysis
284 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
L’AGRICULTURE MAROCAINE A L’EPREUVE DES EXIGENCES DU DEVELOPPEMENT DURABLE
Hamid Slimani
Corresponding author’s email: [email protected], [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Le Maroc est un pays qui dispose de toutes les conditions favorables pour la performance agricole. Et l’agriculture continue, certes, à jouer un rôle indispensable en tant que locomotive de développement économique (exportations, sécurité alimentaire, inputs pour le secteur industriel), social (pourvoyeur d’emplois et de revenus) et même politique (gage de stabilité sociale). En effet, d’après les grandeurs macroéconomiques du pays, l’agriculture réalise une valeur ajoutée qui avoisine 20% du Produit Intérieur Brut, contribue aux exportations du pays à hauteur de 20% et emploie plus de 40% de la population active. Les politiques et la pratique agricoles devraient normalement améliorer ou au moins pérenniser ou « durabiliser» » ces résultats. Notre communication vise à répondre au questionnement suivant : Dans quelle mesure l’agriculture telle qu’elle est conçue et pratiquée permet le maintien des ressources naturelles, la promotion de l’équité sociale? Cette question fédératrice peut être étayée en trois sous-questions : - En quoi consiste la politique agricole Marocaine ? - Quelle intérêt apporté par cette politique à la variable environnementale ? - Quelles sont les performances de l’agriculture marocaine? - Quel l’impact peut-on repérer pour l’agriculture sur l’environnement ? La réponse à cette problématique suppose la mise en exergue de l’état de l’agriculture marocaine et l’analyse de la politique marocaine en la matière, eu égard des exigences du développement durable.
Keywords: Agriculture Marocaine, Stratégie Agricole Nationale, Développement Durable, Territoire
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 285
AGRICULTURAL BIODIVERSITY: A CHALLENGE FOR THE FUTURE OF HUMAN WELL-BEING Ahmet DİREK1, Esra KAVCI3, Fatma AKIN2, Hasan CAN2, Sündüz ONBAŞI2, Saliha MUTAF2, Erdoğan Eşref HAKKI2*
1: Ihsan Dogramacı Bilkent University, Molecular Biology and Genetics, Ankara
2: Selcuk University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Konya
3: Necmettin Erbakan University, Biotechnology, Konya.
*: corresponding author ([email protected])
ABSTRACT According to FAO (Food and Agriculture Organisation), the world population is expected to reach to 9 billion by the mid-21st century. While one seventh of current population suffers from nutritional deficiencies the challenging question of how it will be possible to achieve a food production level that will possibly meet the requirements of additional 2 billion mouths within a generation arises. The answers are nature friendly sustainable programs that utilize the agricultural biodiversity efficiently and new biotechnological tools such as pest or disease management strategies by providing plant traits more tolerant or resistant to environmental stresses. World’s third biggest Gene Bank in Ankara Turkey will present a good attitude for this purpose and immediate hosting of a part of the ICARDA genetic material upon the decentralization of this valuable material when the Syrian conflict started constituted the rewarding part of these efforts. Better utilization of genetic resources worldwide will obviously provide more sustainable and profitable agriculture. There are a lot of species that can have an incredible effect on this aim such as wild species that can provide rich iron, zinc and protein contents, Chenopodium quinoa which have already accepted in Eurasian markets, Daucus carota (Purple carrot) which has higher amounts of beta carotene and antioxidants than normal orange carrot. Cephalarica syriaca is also one of the examples of wild oil plants that can help meet the requirements of the oil industry. In conclusion, even though there are lots of growing problems on the nutrition issue, Mother Nature gives us lots of alternatives to overcome them sustainably. Keywords: Biodiversity, Agrobiodiversity, Genetic Resources, Sustainable agriculture
286 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT IN A GREENHOUSE BY AN AUTOMATED IRRIGATION SYSTEM SENSING WATER LEVEL FROM A MINI-PAN
Murat YILDIRIM
Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi, Tarımsal Yapılar ve Sulama Bölümü, Çanakkale
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Irrigation has the maximum water withdrawal in agriculture and on the other hand, agriculture is the primary source of livelihood for farmers. In this case, agricultural water management is the key point at both sustainable agriculture and using water efficiency in agriculture. Nowadays, automation in drip irrigation systems has been switched from manual systems to the automated systems since offering a wide range of new options such as water and labor saving and so on. This paper proposes a model of an automatic drip irrigation system, based on a sensor sensing water level in a mini-pan. The sensors made of two electrodes are the only source of power to control the irrigation system. Sensors are placed inside in the mini-pan and continuously sense the water level until it dropped under the bottom tip of one electrode and produced a signal going to the microprocessor (PIC16F877). Therefore, being a close loop, the system was activated based on the water level, which pumps and stopped the system through the whole growing season. In this paper, a complete hardware and software implementation of this proposed automated irrigation system is presented. Keywords: Automation, drip irrigation, mini-pan, controller
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 287
INCREASING FARMERS INCOME OF RURAL TOURISM OPPORTUNITIES IN KONYA, TURKEY
Mithat DIREK, Arzu KAN
Selcuk University, Konya-Turkey
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Rural tourism, the small-scale agricultural enterprises in terms of diversification of economic activities, is an additional activity in agricultural sector. It is an important economic activity contributed to local economy and employment although not an income component in a short time. In recently, importance of rural tourism has increased gradually in developing and developed countries. Rural tourism is also one of the rapidly growing industries in the world. Most of the rural tourism enterprises are small and medium size due to the deficiencies in identification, measurement and policy. It is an important field of activity for Turkey that has too many rural areas, and also for the countries that have rapid progress in tourism. Environmental pollution, noise and visual pollution have directed to people to the natural areas in Turkey and other countries. By opening rural areas to the tourism and employment of some part of the population from agriculture to the tourism are the targets within development policies. In this research, rural tourism activities put forth how efficient on increasing farmers income.
Keywords: rural tourism, farmer’s income, Konya, rural tourism opportunities
288 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
THE REFLECTIONS OF EGYPT’S AGRICULTURAL AND ECONOMIC POLICIES ON PRODUCTION AND FEDDAN COSTS OF WHEAT CROP
Ahmed M.A. Mohamed1, Abdel Baky M. Elshayeb2, Sahar A.M. Abd Elwahab3
1,2,3Department of Agriculture Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Egypt
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Wheat crop is one of the most important crops in Egypt where the imported from it is used to meet the lack in its production to face the consumption needs from it. So this research aims to shed light on the effect of the agricultural policies on production or costs for the wheat crop through achieving the secondary objectives in: 1-Studying the effect of the agricultural policy on the total productive costs items of the wheat crop. 2- Studying the effects of the followed agricultural policies on the outcome of the feddan of the wheat crop. 3-Studying the resulted effects of the followed agricultural policies on producing wheat by using the policy analysis Matrix [ P.A.M] Through it we calculate the economic outcomes and costs of the feddan to calculate the deals of effective protection and its rates and the standard factor to produce wheat. To achieve this aim, the study depends on the published and unpublished secondary data through the period [1986-2012] declared from the Ministry of Agriculture and the Economic Sector and the Central System for Public Statistics, besides the various references and researches and the scientific papers related to the topic of the study. This study reached to what follows. 1- It becomes clear from the records of production costs that the increase in the total cost resulted basically on the value of both the human, robot work and the rent among the rest of the items of the total cost of the crop which is the topic of this study. Whereas this rate advantage increased after the State had adopted the policy of the economic release [1986-1997] About 0,08 while the increase in the rate advantage reached during the complete release period [1998-2012] to 0.09 .The Study reached some recommendations by which we can activate the policy of the economic reform to raise the strategies of farming the cereal crops especially the wheat. Keywords: Egypt, Wheat, Production, Policy Analysis Matrix
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 289
EFFECT OF NITROGEN APPLICATION AND AMOUNT OF WATER ON YIELD OF INTERCROPPED MAIZE -MUNG BEAN AND WATER PRODUCTIVITY
Alaa Salih Ati Nooruldeen S. Ali Taraq K. Masood
College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad-Iraq
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Field experiment was carried out during spring seasons of 2015 in Al-Rasheed Township southern of Baghdad, Iraq in silt loam calcareous soil to study the effect of nitrogen and water amount applied to intercropped maize-mung bean on yield and water use efficiency. Maize (corn) (synthetic cv. 5018) and mung bean (synthetic cv. local) were planted in a strip intercropped. The experiment was a Split Plot Design arranged in RCBD with three replications. Irrigation treatment represents the main plot and nitrogen fertilizer treatment as sub plot. Irrigation treatments included 1.Full irrigation (traditional - control), irrigation was imposed at 50% depletion of available water (T0).2. Deficit irrigation: skipping one irrigation after each two successive irrigations (T1). Nitrogen treatments included application of 4 rates 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg N ha-1. All plots were irrigated with well water (ECi =2.4 dS.m-1). Results indicated that number of irrigations were 21 and 16 for traditional and deficit irrigation treatment consuming 879.75 and 616.65 mm for the two water treatments, respectively. All growth and yield parameters were significantly higher at traditional irrigation compared to deficit. As a main effect of nitrogen on growth and yield of mung bean the rate 100-150 kg N ha-1 was the best for all parameters .The interactions effect between the amount of N and water on pod yield indicated that the best two treatments were 150 kg N ha-1 with traditional irrigation (the best overall treatment) and 100 kg N ha-1 with deficit irrigation. Therefore, it seems to be the amount of water affected significantly the response to N applied. The interaction between water and N was reflected on water productivity (water use efficiency "WUE) with 100 kg N ha-1 being the best with deficit irrigation compared to 150- 200kg N ha-1 with traditional irrigation. As for the effect of water applied on corn yield, the most parameters were significantly the same (with no significant differences) accept for biological yield "which was higher with traditional compared to deficit". As a main effect of nitrogen on growth and yield of maize the rate 100 kg N ha-1 was the best for all maize growth and yield parameters. The interactions effect between the amount of N and water on growth parameters and maize grain yield indicated that the best two treatments were 150 kg N ha-1 with traditional irrigation and 50 kg N ha-1 with deficit irrigation. Therefore, it seems to be that amount of water affected significantly the response to N applied. The interaction between water and N was reflected on water productivity with 100 kg N ha-1 being the best with deficit irrigation compared to 200kg N ha-1 with traditional irrigation.
Keywords: Intercropping, Nitrogen Fertilizer, Corn, green gram (Vigna radiate), Water Productivity
290 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
EFFECT OF PROBIOTIC AND UREA ON NUTRITIVE VALUE OF MALVA AND BARLEY SILAGE *A.A. Hassan **W.H. Alsamari
Dept. of Animal Res./ Colle.of Agric./ Univ. of Baghdad **,* Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
This study was conducted to determine the effect of ensiling Malva grass (Malva sylvestris) (75%) , green barley (15%), urea (5%) and molasses(5.5 - 6%) with 0, 0.2 and 0.5 % probiotic on silage quality and chemical composition, the silage were determined at 40 days of ensiling. Results showed that physical characteristics indicate acceptable physical attributes and rang from good quality to Very good silage. Silage scores however revealed that the best physical attributes were attained at 0.2 and 0.5 % probiotic. Additives improved fermentation quality by reducing final pH from 4.80 to 4.50, indicating that the silages mixtures were adequately fermented. Silage without probiotic showed lower (P < 0.05) dry matter losses as compared to 0.2 and 0.5% probiotic, while, organic matter and crude protein content had more (P<0.05) for silage without probiotic than probiotic additives. Addition of probiotic produced silages with significantly higher (P < 0.01) in vitro dry matter and organic matter digestibility and metabolizable energy value than without probiotic. Neutral detergent fiber, hemecellulose and lignin decreased (P<0.05) for silages 0.02 and 0.5% probiotic than without probiotic, no significant defenses for acid detergent fiber and water soluble carbohydrate contents in silage. In conclusion, probiotic used in this study enhanced nutritive value of silage. Ensiling may be applied as a practical approach for long-term preservation of fresh grass.
Keywords: silage quality, probiotic, Malva sylvestris
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 291
GENERAL EVALUATION of AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION for ACHIEVING SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE in KONYA PLAIN PROJECT (KOP) REGION, TURKEY2
*Mustafa KAN, Bahri Dagdas International Agricultural Research Institute, Konya, Turkey Murat KÜÇÜKÇONGAR, Bahri Dagdas International Agricultural Research Institute, Konya, Turkey Cennet OĞUZ, Selcuk University, Agricultural Faculty, Department of Agricultural Economics, Konya, Turkey Bülent GÜLÇUBUK, Ankara University, Agricultural Faculty, Department of Agricultural Economics, Turkey Süleyman SOYLU, Selcuk University, Agricultural Faculty, Department of Field Crop, Konya, Turkey Arzu KAN, Selcuk University, Agricultural Faculty, Department of Agricultural Economics, Konya, Turkey Özdal KÖKSAL, Ankara University, Agricultural Faculty, Department of Agricultural Economics, Turkey Fatih ÖZDEMİR, Bahri Dagdas International Agricultural Research Institute, Konya, Turkey Naim DEMİRTAŞ, Bahri Dagdas International Agricultural Research Institute, Konya, Turkey Oktay OKUR, Bahri Dagdas International Agricultural Research Institute, Konya, Turkey Mevlüt VANOĞLU, KOP Regional Development Administration, Konya, Turkey
*Correspondent Author e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT Sustainable agriculture, as a managerial philosophy has risen to meet environmental, economic and social complications. The way of effective, efficient and sustainable agriculture is possible with the effective implementation of agricultural extension and advisory services. Agricultural extension as a source of information plays an important role for the achievement of sustainable agricultural development. Extension could play a key role in fostering sustainability through its educational programs but there has been a growing realization that traditional extension models have not been sufficiently effective in promoting adoption of sustainable agricultural practices. Since sustainable agriculture is a knowledge intensive system, it requires a new kind of knowledge, which differs from other forms on the basis of conventional agricultural practices. In fact, conventional extension system cannot accomplish sustainability in agriculture; because today's agricultural extension must consider environmental implications, social issues, and overall economic growth within the agriculture sector. In this research, the evaluation of agricultural extension studies has been done to determine how to be encouraged of sustainable agriculture in Konya Plain Project (KOP) Region which is one of the most comprehensive project in Turkey. The data for this study are from a 2014 surveys in 4 provinces (KOP region, Aksaray, Karaman, Konya and Niğde provinces) with 495 agricultural extension experts (AEE) in public sector. The opinions of AEE on the current system and efforts to ensure a better agricultural extension services and also create sustainable agriculture systems have been evaluated. The positive response rate to positive criterias such nice, atractive etc. on their work of the AEE is below 50%. AEE described their job mainly as “better than nothing”, and “better than most”. It was seen that they desribed their work as “not simple, tedious, boring, rush, and uptight” rather than discredit their work. The AEE are in an endeavour to improve themselves on water use and irrigation techniques issues and to relay their information to the farmers in the region.
Keywords: Agricultural extension, sustainable agriculture, KOP (Konya Plain Project), Turkey
2 This paper was compiled the results obtained from “KOP Region Agricultural Education and Extension Need Assesment Project” which is supported by KOP Regional Development Administration in 2014-2015.
292 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
THE IMPORTANCE OF EDIBLE LANDSCAPE IN THE CITIES
Filiz ÇELİK
Selçuk University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Landscape Architecture Konya/Turkey
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The 21st century sustainable city requires the merging of urbanism with sustainable food systems. Because the challenges industrial food system separates people from their food sources. Edible landscapes are a movement in transition and sprouting up as a response to the slow food movement and living a greener lifestyle. These urban agricultural landscapes are fast becoming iconic media darlings and are demonstrating that they are far more than growing vegetables and fruits on abandoned lots. The design strategies for agricultural urbanism are about re-inviting food back into the city and re-connecting people with their local/regional food system to promote a healthier lifestyle. Edible landscaping is the use of food plants as design features in a landscape. These plants are used both for aesthetic value as well as consumption. Edible landscapes encompass a variety of garden types and scales but do not include food items produced for sale. Edible landscaping is the practical integration of food plants within an ornamental or decorative setting. Using edibles in landscape design can enhance a garden by providing a unique ornamental component with additional health, aesthetic, and economic benefits. In this study; emergence of edible landscape, edible landscape design and maintenance, samples of edible landscape, productive plants, importance of edible landscaping for urban environments will be explained.
Keywords: edible landscape, productive plants, sustainable city, slow food
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 293
DETERMINATION OF SOME CHARACTERISTICS RELATED TO YIELD COMPONENTS OF ADVANCED BREDDING CHICKPEA LINES AND VARIETIES IN KONYA ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS
Hakan Bayrak1, Ramazan Keleş1, Gül İmriz1
1Bahri Dağdaş International Agricultural Research Institute, Konya-Turkey
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to determine yield and yield components of some breeding chickpea lines in Konya ecological conditions. Total, 7 varieties that obtained from different Research Institutions and Stations were included as research materials. The experiments were carried out according to Randomized Block Design with 4 replications in experimental field of Bahri Dağdaş International Agricultural Research Institute in 2014. The periods of blooming and ripening, first pod height, plant height, grain yield, and hundred-seed weight were analyzed within the study. For all components excluding first pod height, differences among the genotypes were determined as statically important (p<0.01). As a result of study, the earliest line was EN 1999 genotype with 99.66 days, while the longest blooming period was observed on Canıtez 87 variety with 64.33. The maximum first pod height was obtained from EN2099 line (20.23 cm), and the maximum plant height was shown by EN1780 line (48.03 cm). The heaviest hundred-seed weight was obtained from EN 1835 line (47.00 g), EN 1721 gave the highest grain yield with 301.08 kg/da. Important positive correlations was determined between number of blooming days and number of ripening days (r= 0.84**) and also between first pod height and plant height (r= 0.43**).
Keywords: Chickpea, breeding lines, yield, yield components
294 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
ANTİKOKSİDİYAL VE PROBİYOTİK KULLANIMININ ETLİK PİLİÇ RASYONLARINA ETKİLERİ
Mustafa ULUDAĞ1, Mehmet Kürşat IŞIK2, Behiç COŞKUN3, Nihayet Fadime YALÇIN4
1Bilyem Gıda San. ve Tic. Ltd. Şti Ankara, Turkey 2 Gıda ve Tarım Üniversitesi, Konya, Turkey. 3 Selçuk Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi, Konya, Turkey. 4 Konya Veteriner Kontrol Enstitüsü, Konya, Turkey.
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected] ÖZET Amaç: Bu araştırma etlik piliç rasyonlarında bir antikoksidiyal ve bir probiyotik preparatının birlikte ve ayrı ayrı besi performansı, yaşama gücü ve oosist sayıları üzerine kullanmanın etkilerini incelemek amacıyla yapıldı. Materyal ve Metot: Araştırmada 192 adet günlük Ross 308 erkek broiler civciv kullanıldı. Her birinde 12 adet civcivden oluşan 4 alt grup ve toplam 48 adet civciv bulunan 4 grup (kontrol, antikoksidial, probiyotik, antikoksidial+probiyotik grup) olarak ayrıldı. Bunlar, kontrol grubu (K), 400 mg/kg yem Salinomisin (antikoksidiyal)(S), 100 ml/L su Probiyotik (P) ve 400 mg/kg yem Salinomisin + 100 ml probiyotik/L su ilave edilen grup (S+P) olmak üzere dört grup oluşturuldu. Araştırmaya 6 hafta(42 gün) devam edildi. Denemede kullanılan yemlerin kimyasal analiz, canlı ağırlıklar, yemden yararlanma değerleri, yem tüketimleri ile haftada bir alınan dışkı örneklerinde, farklı gruplardan elde edilen oosist sayıları belirlendi. Sonuçların istatistik analizleri 2x2 faktöriyel deneme düzenine uygun olarak Minitab İstatistik Paket Programında GLM kullanılarak çözüldü. Bulgular: Tüm deneme boyunca elde edilen canlı ağırlık artışı ile ilgili veriler incelendiğinde, antikoksidiyal ve probiyotiğin birlikte kullanıldığı (S+P) grubundan elde edilen değerlerin 14. günde tüm gruplardan, 21. günde ise kontrol (K) ve probiyotik (P) gruplarından istatistiksel açıdan fark önemli bulundu (P<0,05). Diğer günlerde ise gruplar arasında önemli bir farklılık elde edilmedi (P>0,05). Genel olarak değerlendirildiğinde, yapılan uygulamaların canlı ağırlık değerleri üzerine etkisi önemli görülmedi. Bu çalışmada 14 ve 21. günlerde S+P grubunda canlı ağırlık bakımından daha yüksek değerler elde edilmesine karşılık araştırma genelinde canlı ağırlık, yem tüketimi, yemden yararlanma ve yaşama gücü açısından gruplar arasında istatistik olarak önemli farklılıklar bulunmaz iken, matematiksel olarak (S+P) grubunda kontrol grubuna göre %5 civarında canlı ağırlıkta fazlalık tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç: Broiler rasyonlarına katılan antiokoksidial, probiyotik ya da her ikisinin karşımlarının, yemden yararlanmayı önemli ölçüde bir etkisinin olmadığı sonucuna varıldı. Bundan sonraki çalışmalar için bu kriterler de baz alınarak daha etraflı araştırmalara da ışık tutacaktır.
Anahtar sözcükler: Broiler, yemden yararlanma, antikoksidial, probiyotik.
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 295
STUDY EFFECT OF MYCORRHIZA FUNGI AND DROUGHT ON PLANT NUTRIENT UPTAKE BY GREEN BEAN
Shahram. Ashraf1, Leila Jalali1, Mehdi Moniri1
Department of Soil Science, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Use of biological fertilizers in agricultural systems are important spatially in promoting sustainable production and maintain soil fertility .To investigate the effect of improving the nutritional status of green bean by mycorrhiza fungi in this study was done a randomized complete block design in a factorial experiment. Drought factor at 3 levels (T0, T1, T2) and Mycorrhiza fungi inoculated at three levels (no inoculation=F0, F1 and F2) in 4 replicates. The medium of loamy sand were used. The results showed that effects of drought stress, mycorrhiza fungi and their interaction on N, P and K was significant. Drought stress had significant effect on phosphorus, potassium and nitrogen concentration. By increasing drought stress from FC (control) to 0.25FC percent field capacity, the content of these elements in leaves tissues were increased. Study showed that the highest nitrogen treatment was related to T0F2 and lowest nitrogen treatments to F0T1.The results showed that the highest potassium treatment was related to T2F2 and Lowest treatments to T0F1. The results showed that the highest P treatment was related to T2F1.
Keywords: Green bean, Drought, Mycorrhiza fungi, Biological fertilizers
296 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
EFFECT OF NAA ON LEMON BALM (Melissa Officinalis L.) ROOTING
*Amir Rahimi1, Hashem Hadi1, Arezoo Hasanzadeh1 and Levent Yazıcı2
1Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Iran 2Middle Black Sea Transitional Zone Agricultural Research Institute, Tokat
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The advantage of stem cutting rooting as a method of vegetative propagation of many plants has been known for many years. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of NAA on rooting of Lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) cuttings the plant which is important especially in view of the folk medicinal usage. The trial was established as a randomized block design with 3 replications during 2015, in greenhouse of the Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture of Urmia University, Iran. At first, one stock plant was selected from a field in Sulduz region, West Azerbaijan province. Stem cuttings were taken from the stock plant. Before placing in the media the cuttings were treated with NAA (0, 250 and 500 ppm). According to the results the average stem height 8.55-9.20 (cm); number of leaves 8.2-10.40 (pcs); number of roots 13.60-14.60 (pcs); the highest root height 14.7-19.30 (cm); leaf fresh weight 0.28-0.37 (g); stem fresh weight 0.33-0.50 (g); root fresh weight 0.29-0.34 (g); total fresh weight 0.99-1.31 (g); leaf dry weight 0.11-0.17 (g); stem dry weight 0.11-0.16 (g); root dry weight 0.41-0.56 (g); total dry weight 0.26-0.36 (g); In terms of highest root height and root weight, NAA 500 ppm; in terms of number of leaves, stem height, leaf weight, stem weight and total weight, NAA 250 ppm; in terms of number of roots, NAA 0 ppm were the best.
Keywords: Rooting, Stem cutting, vegetative propagation, Medicinal plant.
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 297
REMOVAL OF BASIC YELLOW 28 USING CHAR FROM WASTE POLYETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATES (PET) BY ADSORPTION MECHANISM
Muhammed Kamil Oden*1, Sezen Kucukcongar2, İlkay Ozaytekin3, Zehra Gok1
1Selcuk University, Sarayonu V.H.S., Department of Env. Protect and Control, Env. Tech., Konya, TURKEY 2Selcuk University, Department of Environmental Engineering, Konya, TURKEY 3Selcuk University, Department of Chemical Engineering, Konya, TURKEY
*Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Dye-containing effluents discharge from a wide range of industries such as textile, food, leather, paper, plastics, dyestuff, chemical, pharmaceutical etc. Some of these effluents are harmful to human and environment and various processes are used to remove dyes from wastewaters including adsorption, coagulation-flocculation, electrochemical treatment, chemical oxidation, membrane processes and aerobic and anaerobic microbial degradation. Among the numerous dye removal techniques, adsorption process has become one of the most effective and comparable low-cost method for the removal of dyes from aqueous solutions. Inexpensive, locally available and effective materials has been studied in the literature for the removal of dyes from aqueous solutions.
In this study, the removal efficiency of basic yellow 28 was investigated by char from waste polyethylene terephthalates (PET) which obtained during pyrolysis process at 4000C. The influence of contact time and initial dye concentration on the adsorption efficiency has been investigated. The parameters of Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms have been determined using the adsorption data. The adsorption isotherm of PET char was fitted by Freundlich adsorption isotherm and R2 value of the isotherm was determined as 92%.
Keywords: Basic yellow 28, adsorption, waste polyethylene terephthalates (PET), char
298 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON ROLE OF PROLINE, GLYCINE BETAINE AND COMPOST FERTILIZER IN IMPROVING DROUGHT STRESS RESISTANCE OF SOYBEAN A. EL SABAGH*3, S. SOROUR1, A. UEDA2, H.SANEOKA2 and C. BARUTÇULAR3
1Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt 2Plant nutritional physiology, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Japan 3Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Cukurova University, Turkey
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT Water stress significantly limits plant growth and crop yield. Hence, the efficient management of soil moisture and the study of metabolic changes which occur in response to drought stress are important for agriculture. So, the current study aimed at assessing the Alleviation of adverse effects of water deficit stress on soybean by using exogenous osmoprotectants and compost application. a greenhouse experiment was conducted at plant nutritional physiology laboratory, Hiroshima University, Japan in 2011- 2012.the treatments included (a) water stress at different soil moisture levels consisting of (100%, 75%, and 50% of field water holding capacity), (b) Compost application (control, compost (24 t/ha) and (c) Exogenous proline and glycine betaine at the concentrations of (control, 25Mm) for each, with four replications. The results indicated that, water Stress significantly reduced chlorophyll and nitrogen content which results in the reduction of seed yield. While, Water stress resulted in a significant accumulation of proline content in leaves .Special attention was paid to the tolerance against water stress was observed, the improvement of water tolerance resulted from proline, glycine betaine and compost were accompanied with improved chlorophyll content, proline and nitrogen content which results in the increase of seed yield. These results clearly demonstrate that could be used to reduce the harmful effect of water stress on growth aspects and seed yield of soybean. Consequently, will be effectively solve seasonal water stress problem and can provide technical assistance for sustainable agriculture development.
Keywords:Compost, Glycine betaine, proline, Soybean, Water Stress Tolerance
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 299
SOME OF NUTRITIVE VALUE OF CANOLA (Brassica Napus L.) AS AFFECTED BY ORGANIC AND INORGANIC FERTILIZER
A. EL SABAGH4, A. OMAR1, H.SANEOKA2 and C. BARUTÇULAR3
1Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt 2plant nutritional physiology, Graduate of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Japan 3Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Cukurova University, Turkey
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
Corresponding author (E-mail: [email protected])
ABSTRACT
After green revolution chemical fertilizers has been used at a great extent in all the crops which decrease the fertility and profile of the soil. Due to various side effects of chemical fertilizers, use of organic fertilizers is an alternative method for the improvement of crop production and maintenance of soil fertility. Therefore, the objectives of this study to evaluate the impact of bio-organic, chemical nitrogen and their combination on some seed quality of canola, a study was conducted for two years (2005 - 2006) at the Farm of Faculty of Agriculture, Kafr El-Sheikh University, Egypt. Bio-fertilizer (control and bio-fertilizer), compost (control, 6, 12 and 18 ton ha-1), chemical nitrogen (control, 36, 72 and 108 kg N ha- 1).The result indicated that, the effect of bio-fertilizer on oil and protein % were significant. Similarly, Compost application was a significant effect on oil and protein % and compost fertilizer at (18 ton ha-1) was the best treatment. While, application of nitrogen fertilizer increase protein % and 108 N ha-1 produced the best value of protein %. By contrast, oil % percent was decreased with increasing nitrogen fertilizer. The interaction among treatments application compost (6 ton ha-1) and (72 N kg ha-1) with combined bio- fertilizer achieved suitable oil percent and improving protein percent. It seems that can be saving to fertilizer by application of bio-fertilizers combined with organic and chemical nitrogen fertilizers to avoid unfavorable effects of high nitrogen levels.
Keywords: Bio-fertilizers, Canola, Compost, Fatty acid, N-fertilizer, Oil, Protein
orresponding author (E-mail: [email protected])
300 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
CHILDREN EDUCATION and RURAL DEVELOPMENT in EGYPT
Enas E. Sadek
Head of Agricultural Economics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Former Director of Development Research & Consultation Center, Fayoum University, Egypt
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
There are 150 million street children and another 250 million children who will never see a book. While books might reach them at some point, socioeconomic circumstances and language barriers may become a hindrance for a child to read the book. An analytical study of human development reports shows that there are gaps among the different governorates, rural and urban areas, and males and females. This problem refers to the gaps between human development indicators for education, health, and GDP per capita indicators. This study discusses linkages between children education and standard of living with a view to promoting rural development in Egypt. In order to suggest suitable model for rural development, and how to enhance standard of living in the case of Egypt in order to create employment opportunities and income, especially for the poor. The results indicate that there is a predominant form of children work in Egypt, which children is working as unpaid family workers on their own family’s farm or non-farm household enterprise.
Keywords: children, rural development, Egypt
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 301
EVALUATION OF POLY (ETHYLENE TEREPHTALATE) WASTE CHAR IN EPOXY BASED COMPOSITES
Alize Yucel1, Merve Sogancioglu2, Esra Yel2 and Gulnare Ahmetli1
1Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Selcuk University, 42031, Kampus, Konya/Turkey 2Dept. of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Selcuk University, 42031, Kampus, Konya/Turkey
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
In this study, poly (ethylene terephtalate) (PET) waste was recycled as raw material for the preparation of bisphenol A-type epoxy composite materials. The plastic waste char (PWC) was obtained by pyrolysis of unwashed PET waste at various temperatures (300ºC, 400ºC, 500ºC, 600ºC and 700ºC). Effect of char wt % (10%, 30% and 50%) and pyrolysis temperature on mechanical properties of epoxy composites were investigated. The obtained chars were characterized by means of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Tensile strength and Young’s modulus of the composites with PWC were generally higher with a high amount (over 10 wt %) of chars and at the pyrolysis temperatures over the 400ºC.
Keywords: epoxy resin, poly (ethylene terephtalate) waste, char, composite
302 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
EQUILIBRIUM AND KINETIC STUDIES ON LEVULINIC ACID ADSORPTION ONTO SUGAR PROCESSING FLY ASH
Hani Zeidan, Damla Özdemir, Mustafa E. MARTI *
Department of Chemical Engineering, Selçuk University Konya-Turkey
*Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
There is a growing demand on levulinic acid due its critical functions on the productions of several value-added chemicals. Its selective and efficient recovery is required from aqueous solutions. Adsorption is a promising technique with its low cost and simplicity for the recovery of carboxylic acids. Using a low cost adsorbent (i.e. fly ash) for the process makes the operation even cheaper. Fly ash is a solid waste generated from sugar factory and is generally used as a filling material in the industry. Moreover, it causes environmental pollution; however, its beneficial use will be very advantageous. This study shows that fly ash, an industrial waste can be used as an adsorbent for the recovery of a valuable carboxylic acid, levulinic acid. The effects of various parameters, i.e. adsorbent doses, aqueous phase concentrations and contact time on the adsorption parameters were experimentally studied. At a constant temperature, the level of adsorption was observed to increase with FA dose while decrease with an increase in LA concentration. A 97.1% recovery of LA was obtained using fly ash when solute concentration and adsorbent dosage was 0.1 M and 0.4 g, respectively.
Keywords: Adsorption, Levulinic acid, Fly ash, Equilibrium, Kinetics
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 303
REACTIVE EXTRACTION OF FORMIC ACID USING ALAMINE 336 IN SUNFLOWER OIL
Nezahat Köse, Mustafa E. MARTI*
Department of Chemical Engineering, Selçuk University
*Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Formic acid has essential functions in several applications. It is widely used in textile, tanning, rubber processing and pharmaceutical industries. It can be produced as a by-product by biotechnological methods and appears in the aqueous solutions following the pretreatment of biomass. However, its recovery from dilute aqueous solutions is a challenging problem. Several methods have been tested for the purpose; however, none of them presented a satisfactory solution. Reactive extraction is a promising technique for the recovery of carboxylic acids; however, it suffers from toxicity of the organic phases used. In the present study, efficiency of an organic phase prepared by combination of a nontoxic organic phase diluent, sunflower oil, and an extractant, Alamine 336, was tested. The equilibrium experiments were performed at different concentrations of formic acid and Alamine 336 at 298 K. The distribution coefficients and degree of extraction values were calculated using the data. The recovery was observed to increase with the concentrations of Alamine 336 and formic acid in the aqueous phase. A KD of 4.79 (a recovery of 82.7%) was obtained using Alamine 336 in sunflower oil when formic acid concentration and extractant amount were 1.0 M and 50% (v/v), respectively.
Keywords: Reactive Extraction, Formic Acid, Nontoxic Solvents, Tertiary Amines, Sunflower Oil
304 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
REMOVAL OF TEXTILE DYES FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS USING AN INDUSTRIAL BASED LOW COST ADSORBENT
Khalid Ali, Hani Zeidan, Mustafa E. MARTI*
Department of Chemical Engineering, Selçuk University Konya-Turkey
*Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The color effluents generated from textile industry should be removed prior to the discharge. Several techniques have been tested for the purpose; however, adsorption is proposed to be one of the most appropriate ones. Cost of the adsorbent is critical for the application of the process. In this study, fly ash, an industrial based waste material was utilized for the removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution. The experiments were performed at different concentrations of methylene blue for various fly ash amounts. The effects of several adsorption parameters such as contact time, aqueous phase concentration and adsorbent dosage on the adsorption parameters were experimentally determined. According to the results, adsorption efficiency increased with an increase in the adsorbent dosages while decreased with an increase in solute concentration. This study shows that an industrial based waste material; fly ash can be used as an adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue, a basic dye widely used in the textile industry, and to clean the wastewaters. A 90% removal of methylene blue was obtained using fly ash when the solute concentration and adsorbent dosage was 50 ppm and 0.4 g, respectively.
Keywords: Adsorption, Low cost adsorbents, Methylene blue, Fly ash, Textile dyes
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 305
DETERMINATION OF EVAPOTRANSPIRATION WITH DETERMINISTIC MODELS FOR SAMSUN
Aslıhan ATIŞ* Bilal CEMEK** Mehmet TAŞAN* Sevda SAFİ***
Black Sea Agricultural Research Institute, Soil and Water Resources Department, SAMSUN **Ondokuz Mayıs University, Agricultural Structures and Irrigation Department, SAMSUN
*Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Reference evapotranspiration is one of the important components of the hydrological cycle. Direct determination of this parameter is affected by changes in climate and atmospheric phenomena occurring is very time consuming and expensive. Therefore, for many years, researchers have developed several empirical equation used to determine the reference evapotranspiration. These equations have been created as depending on the purpose of the study according to the importance of climatic parameters. Multiple regression method is one of multivariate statistical methods. To address the uncertainties that surround the exact physical mechanisms underlying the mathematical models, it has been shown that it is possible to include in the assessment of reference evapotranspiration that is predicted by using a short historical of atmospheric conditions. This study was showed the availability of the multiple regression method to determining monthly climatic parameters affecting Eto determined by Penman Monteith FAO-56. Samsun long years (1960-2014) the average daily solar radiation, maximum and minimum temperature, wind speed, average relative humidity and pressure were used. The accuracies of the methods were evaluated by using three commonly used criteria: root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE) and correlation coefficient (r). Materiality level change of climatic parameters for each month were observed. Temperature, solar radiation and relative humidity were identified as important parameter at April and May. Radiation and temperature were been important at June, July and August. Pressure, relative humidity and temperature were identified at September.
Keywords: Reference Evapotranspiration, Multiple Regression Analysis, Sensitive Analysis
306 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPING TRAITS OF DAĞLIÇ VE HASMER X DAĞLIÇ (F1) IN KONYA PROVINCE OF TURKEY
Tülay CANATANˡ Mustafa KANˡ Kürşat AKBULUTˡ
ˡBahri Dagdas International Agricultural Research Institute- KONYA
Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
This research was carried out to determine the growth characteristics of 180 head Dağlıç and 100 head Hasmer x Dağlıç (F₁) lambs which had obtained as results of commercial hybridization in 2010, in semi-intensive conditions in Tat village, Konya Province of Turkey. The effect of mother ages on birth weight of the lambs was found statistically insignificant. The effect of the sex (P<0.05) and genotype (P<0.01) on birth weight were found statistically significant at the various periods of live weight in 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90.days (weaning). The birth weights and the weaning weights ( at 90 days of age ) of Dağlıç and Hasmer x Dağlıç (F₁) lambs were calculated as 3.28 ± 0.04, 4 22 ± 0.04 kg, and 17.75 ± 0.16, 24.81 ± 0.25 kg respectively. The daily live weight gain from birth to weaning were 160.83 g ± 1.72 (Dağlıç) and 228.80 ± 2.67 g (Dağlıç x Hasmer).
Keywords: Dağlıç, Hasmer, Commercial Crossbreeding, Konya, Turkey
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 307
THE IMPACT OF CHANGING THE POLITICAL CONDITIONS ON THE EGYPTIAN CONSUMER PATTERN
Nashwa El-Tatawy1 and Lamice ElBahnassy2
1Department of Economics and Agribusiness, Faculty of Agricultural, Alexandria University, Egypt
2 Economics Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Cairo-Egypt
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The study focus is on providing detailed assessment of the food consumption patterns in rural and urban Egypt during the interim period 2009-2013 .the finding of the study expect to form a base for further evaluation of the food consumption patterns in the pre / post the revolution in 2011. Some of the study results showed: (1) rising the rural household food expenditure share relative to the total one when compared to urban households. This is despite having a reduction in the relative importance of what is spent on food in Egypt between 2008/2009 and 2012/2013; (2) despite enjoying a relative food quantity improvements in the per-capita share, this was not matched by an improvement in food quality; and (3) the study indicated to widening of the food gap one year after the other and more reliance on food imports in Egypt
Keywords: Lorenz curve, Gini coefficient, Groups of Expenditures, The parity purchasing power, food consumption, Egypt.
308 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
SUSTAINABLE INTENSIFICATION OF SESAME FARMING SYSTEMS BY NOVEL INDUCED MUTANTS
M.Ilhan CAGIRGAN, M.Onur OZBAS, R.Soner SILME
Antalya Mutation Project, Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Akdeniz University, Antalya
Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is of a low input requiring nature and is grown under extensive management systems with manual labor. The developed countries do not grow sesame even the climate is suitable to sesame because of harvest difficulty requiring much human power. Its production are getting costly even for Turkey, and thus the acreage devoted to the crop is gradually reduced year by year and moved to more rural areas where cheap manual labor are available. Sesame seed is consumed for confectionary purposes, used for making tahini in the Middle East and cooking oil in the Far East, and is known for its medicinal qualities. Sesame is a raising crop worldwide and has a good liquidity in the global market due to increasing health consciousness. To feed the high potential demand of sesame seed in the global market, sustainable intensification of sesame production systems should be succeeded. Main problems in its cultivation are seed shattering at maturity, indeterminate growth habit, and susceptibility to wilting under irrigation. Therefore stay-closed trait of the capsules at maturity and determinate growth are the keys for the possibility of mechanized harvest of sesame and thus intensification of its cultivation. In our program 11 independent closed capsule (cc) mutants were isolated and confirmed previously. The closed capsule mutant character was recessive, as revealed by the segregation of the M2 and M3 plant progenies. Each experiment yielded at least three independent mutants and every cultivar yielded at least one cc mutant. These mutants were the first experimentally obtained non-shattering mutants in the world and the success was repeatable. By following this repeatable success, we extended our efforts to African material with the purpose of technology transfer of the peaceful use of nuclear technology for food security issues in the frame of Fellowship Training Programs in Turkey supported by International Atomic Energy Agency. The results with African material have further proved our hypothesis that “closed capsule sesame mutants are inducible in different sesame backgrounds when irradiated with an effective dose of gamma rays (300-400 Gy) and provided big enough M1 population size”. The fragile capsule mutant obtained in a progeny of M2F2 offers threshing advantage over regular thick capsules and increasing harvest index of sesame. These mutants and their modified progenies through cross-breeding offer much promise to increase sesame production by intensifying cropping systems by providing combine harvestable sesame cultivars to farmers from the tropics to sub-tropics.
Keywords: Closed-capsule, determinate, indehiscence, mechanized harvest
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 309
DETERMINATION OF SEED AND OIL YIELD OF SOME SUNFLOWER CULTIVARS
Özden Öztürk* Himmet Özcan
Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
*Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Sunflower is the most important oilseed plant of Turkey with wider utility. It is used as a source of edible oil, and as raw material for agri-based industry. This research was carried out to determine the seed and oil yield of some sunflower cultivars during the 2014 vegetation period in Central Anatolia Region of Turkey. In this research; Transol, Sirena, P64LL05, Alhaja, Fabiola, Eklor, LG5550, C70165, Sanbro and MM54 sunflower varieties were used as material. The field experiment was set up in a “Randomized Complete Block Design” with three replications on 12 May 2014. In this research; seed yield, oil content and oil yield were examined. As a result of this research; seed yield and oil yield (except oil content) were significant differences between the cultivars. The highest seed yield (4865 kg ha-1) was obtained from the Transol, while the lowest seed yield (2716 kg ha-1) was determined from the MM54 cultivar was obtained. The highest oil content (47.4%) was observed from Eklor and the lowest value was obtained from Sanbro (44.9%) cultivar. The highest oil yield (2150 kg ha-1) was determined from Transol while the least value (1229 kg ha-1) was determined from MM54 cultivar. The main purpose of the cultivation of oil crops, to increase the yield of oil per unit area. According the results of this research; Transol, Sirena, P64LL05, Alhaja, Fabiola and Eklor can be potential cultivars in terms of high seed and oil yields investigated under the irrigated conditions in Konya.
Keywords: Helianthus annuus L., variety, seed yield, oil content, oil yield.
310 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON SENSORY AND BIOCHEMICAL ATTRIBUTES OF CARROT (DAUCUS CAROTA L.)
Tanveer Ahmad1*, Muhammad Amjad1, Qumer Iqbal2, Aamir Nawaz3, Javed Iqbal4 and Muhammad Awais Ghani5
1Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan 2Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), Faisalabad, Pakistan 3Department of Horticulture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan Pakistan 4Mango Research Institute, Multan, Pakistan 5Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, PR China
*Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Nutrient management practices are thought to be one of the most important factor affecting sensory and biochemical characteristics of fruits and vegetables. The objectives of the present studies were to investigate the effects of different nutrient management practices on sensory and biochemical attributes of two carrot cultivars (Oranza and T-29). In this study, 14 treatment combinations of farm yard manure (FYM), leaf manure (LM), poultry manure (PM) and urea based on the total nitrogen requirement was tested for two carrot cultivars (Oranza and T-29). The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with factorial arrangements and replicated thrice. From these results, it can be concluded that both carrot cultivars differ significantly in their organoleptic and biochemical response under different crop management practices. Sensory evaluation manifested that scale rating regarding taste, flavor and aroma of carrot ‘T-29’ was found acceptable when T4 (Poultry manure) was applied while carrot texture and color does not appeal to the panel. The quality aspect of carrot root in term of biochemical analysis illustrated that excellent sweetness character of the ‘T-29’ demonstrated better production and bio-accumulation of total as well as reducing and non-reducing sugars when the carrots harvested in T4. Similarly, ‘T-29’ showed maximum biosynthesis of vitamin C with T4 but the astringency and less sweet taste due to higher pH, more titratable acidity synthesized in case of Oranza when T7 was applied for production pursuits. Overall results revealed that the application of poultry manure gave the best results in terms of sensory as well as biochemical characteristics. It can be concluded that provision of nutrition to carrots through poultry manure would be beneficial not only to improve carrot quality but also reducing the rising input costs of inorganic fertilizers.
Keywords: Carrot; Fertilization; Nutrients; Sensory; Biochemical
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 311
ASSESSMENT OF WATER QUALITY OF GUNEYKAYA POND (YILDIZELI - SIVAS) Ekrem MUTLU1, Telat YANIK2, Nicoleta Anca SUTAN3 1Kastamonu University, Faculty of Fisheries, Kastamonu 2Atatürk University, Faculty of Fisheries, Erzurum 3Pitesti University, Faculty of Science, Pitesti – Romania
*Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT
Objective: The objectives of this study are to observe the monthly and annual changes in water samples of Güneykaya Pond located within the borders of Yıldızeli Province of Sivas City through physical-chemical methods, to determine the water quality properties, to reveal the pollution problems, to determine the suitability level in terms of aquatic life, and to classify the quality of water in accordance with Surface Water Quality Management Regulation’s Inland Surface Water Classes criteria. Materials and Methods: The Güneykaya Pond located in Upper-Kızılırmak basin is within the borders of Güneykaya district of Yıldızeli Province of Sivas City, and its water sources are Brook Yusufoğlan and precipitation and snow waters. The volume of Güneykaya Pond is 15.51 hm3, and its mean depth is 5.9 m. In this study starting from December 2013, samples used in analyses of physic- chemical parameters constituting the water quality and the heavy metal analyses have been monthly collected during 12 months from 3 stations. The sampling ended at March, 2014. The cleaning and maintenance of all of the equipment, land-type measurement tools, and glass sampling containers to be used in sampling have been executed 1 day before the sampling. Sampling tubes have been immersed into acidic solution, and then dried in drying oven after being washed with pure water. The sampling tubes to be used in water sampling have been flushed and immersed into 15 cm below water surface for taking water sample. The obtained water samples have been taken to the laboratory within maximum 3 hours for analysis. Temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, saltiness and electrical conductivity parameters have been measured in-place via land-type measurement devices. Dissolves oxygen and temperature were measured via YSI brand S2 model oxygen meter, pH measurement was conducted with Orion brand 420A model pH-meter, the electrical conductance (µs/cm) and salinity (ppt) were measured by using YSI brand 30/50 FT model conductance-meter. Among other parameters determining water quality; total alkalinity, total hardness, ammonium nitrogen, nitrite, nitrate, ammonium azote, phosphate, sulfite, sulfate, chloride, sodium, potassium, suspended solid matter (SSM), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), calcium, magnesium, ferrous, lead, copper, zinc, nickel, mercury and cadmium analyses of water samples were conducted in Cumhuriyet University Hafik Kamer Örnek Vocational High School Laboratory in same day. Findings: Among the water quality parameters, the dissolved oxygen and electrical conductivity have shown differences between the stations. Temperature and pH have decreased and increased in stations in parallel with each other. SSM, nitrate, and sulfate values have peaked in autumn season, while they have reached their minimum values in winter months in all 3 sampling stations. The changes in total alkalinity, total hardness, calcium, and magnesium values have been parallel to each other; while the minimum values of all 4 parameters have been observed in winter season in all of 3 stations, the maximum values have been obtained in summer season after the increase during spring season. While total ammonium nitrogen (NH4) and nitrite have been found to be minimum in all of 3 sampling stations in February 2014, their maximum levels have been determined in all of 3 sampling stations in July 2014. Results and Discussion: With this study carried out between December 2013 and November 2014, through the analyses of monthly collected water samples, by determining the water quality properties of Güneykaya Pond, which is among the newly-established ponds that are the most sensitive to pollution, determining the suitability for aquatic life, classifying the water in accordance with Surface Water Quality Management Regulation’s Classification of Intra-Continental Water Resources criteria, the database has been established for future water quality studies to be carried out in that pond. Keywords: Water quality, Sivas, Yıldızeli, Güneykaya Pond
312 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
FIRE BLIGHT DISEASE MANAGEMENT IN ORGANIC APPLE AND PEAR BREEDING
Kubilay Kurtulus BASTAS
Department of Plant Protection Faculty of Agriculture, Selcuk University, Turkey
*Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected], [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Fire blight is the most economically significant and destructive bacterial disease in the world affecting apples and pears. There is no single effective chemical including antibiotics or practice that will prevent fire blight infection. Successful non-antibiotic fire blight control centers on combining orchard management practices into an integrated systems approach which is multi-faceted, and combines effective fire blight prevention with fungal control, insect control, bloom thinning, spray coverage, tree training, soil and foliar nutrients, and cultivar and root stock selection. Because most fire blight suppression sprays are the same materials already being applied against other organic orchard horticulture problems such as scab, mites, mildew, fruitlet thinning, and insect pest control. Integrating your overall orchard spray program with effective fire blight suppression sprays is not as complex as it may seem. Growers will need to evaluate ideas presented here in light of their particular orchard situation and align this information with new research and new products as they become available.
Keywords: Erwinia amylovora, fire blight, control, apple, pear, sustainable farming, organic
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 313
EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE, POPULATION DENSITY AND SEXUAL INDEX TO CALLOSOBRUCHUS MACULATUS (F.) (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE)
Hüseyin ÇETİN, Fatma Nur ELMA
Selcuk University, Konya-Turkey
*Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Callosobruchus maculatus (F.), a ubiquitously distributed pest, is of great economic significance owing to its capacity of feeding on various legumes. In this study, effects of temperature, population density and sexual index to C. maculatus were investigated. The temperature experiments were carried out at three different temperatures (25, 30 and 35°C), 55±5% relative humidity and dark conditions. Adult emergence of C. maculatus was maximum at 30°C (74%). The developmental time from egg hatching to adult emergence of C. maculatus was shortest at 30°C and was found as 21.5 days. Moreover, effects of population density and sexual index on the number of egg laid per female were investigated in the present study. When the population density was 16 adults/petri dishes (8 females/8 males), the number of laid per female was highest (73 eggs). Sexual index was maximum at 1/1 (female/male) ratio as 70 eggs.
Keywords: Temperature, adult population density, sexual index, developmental time, Callosobruchus maculatus
314 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
USING OF MOLECULAR MARKERS IN RESISTANCE TO PLANT DISEASES
Keziban BUYUKDEVECI1 Kubilay Kurtulus BASTAS1,*
1 Dept. of Plant Protection Faculty of Agriculture, Selcuk University, Turkey
*Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected], [email protected]
ABSTRACT
DNA marker technology has been used in commercial plant breeding programs and has proved helpful for the rapid and efficient transfer of useful traits into agronomically desirable varieties and hybrids. Markers linked to disease resistance loci can now be used for marker-assisted selection programs, thus also allowing several resistance genes to be cumulated in the same genotype. In addition, markers linked to resistance genes may be also useful for cloning and sequencing the genes. Cloned R genes now provide new tools for plant breeders to improve the efficiency of plant breeding strategies, via marker assisted breeding. The availability of PCR-based markers for many resistance genes allows the marker-assisted selection for biotic resistance. In particular, the future perspectives for pathogen resistance selection in different plants would include: mapping of other resistance genes for new pathogens which are becoming aggressive, development of PCR-based markers and design of most suitable breeding schemes.
Keywords: plant disease, molecular markers, resistance gene, PCR
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 315
ROLE OF ENZYMES RELATED WITH PLANT RESISTANCE AGAINST BACTERIAL PATHOGENS
Badel UYSAL1 Kubilay Kurtulus BASTAS2,*
1 Dept. of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Igdır University, Turkey 2 Dept. of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Selcuk University, Turkey
*Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected], [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Plants have evolved complex and varied defense mechanisms to protect themselves against pathogen attack. Many plant enzymes are involved in defense reactions against plant pathogens. These include oxidative enzymes which catalyze the formation of lignin and other oxidative phenols that contribute to the formation of defense barriers for reinforcing the cell structure. Modern DNA technology has made it possible to engineer transgenic plants that are transformed with genes for tolerance of adverse environmental factors, for resistance against specific diseases, or with genes coding for enzymes directed against certain groups of bacterial pathogens or with nucleic acid sequences that lead to gene silencing of pathogens. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), especially peroxidases, have been implicated in a variety of defense-related processes, including the hypersensitive response, lignifications, cross-linking of phenolics and glycol-proteins, suberization and phytoalexins production. In this study, the roles of plant defense-related enzymes in disease resistance have been reported for plant bacterial pathogens.
Keywords: enzyme, defense reactions, ROS, plant pathogens, plant pathogenic bacteria
316 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
SUSTAINABLE USE OF WHEAT GENETIC RESOURCES TO INCREASE CROP PRODUCTIVITY AND STABILITY
Alexey MORGUNOV
International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Turkey Office, Ankara, Turkey
*Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Wheat is very food important crop for global population. The wheat yield gain has been reducing over the last 10 years hardly keeping up with the population growth. This is primarily due to yield losses associated with abiotic and biotic stresses as a result of climate change. Yield increase is associated with utilization of genetic resources as well as new modern breeding technologies. Global exchange and utilization of plant genetic resources is regulated by the International Treaty for Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. The countries signing the treaty commit to certain rules in genetic resources conservation, exchange and use. The treaty mechanisms encourage use and share of plant genetic resources. For wheat the most common genetic resources are global diversity of modern germplasm, different wheat species and wheat wild relatives crossable with cultivated wheat. There are several success stories in using wheat genetic resources to enhance yield and disease resistance. Turkey being part of the region where wheat originated is especially rich in wheat genetic resources which are well preserved and utilized in breeding and research programs.
Keywords: wheat, breeding, genetic resources, genetic gains, abiotic and biotic stresses
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 317
COMMUNITY AWARENESS AND ADAPTATION STRATEGY TO THE EFFECT OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN YOBE STATE, NIGERIA.
Galadima, M and Nandi, J.A.
a.Department of Agric Economics and Extension, Federal University Gashua, Yobe State, Nigeria.
b. Department of Agric Economics and Rural Sociology, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria.
*Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
This study assessed community awareness and adaptation strategy to the Effect of climate change in Yobe state, Nigeria. Multi stage sampling technique was used to select 160 respondents in the state. Primary data collected from the respondents includes the socio- economic characteristics of the respondents such as gender, age, marital status, and educational qualification, as well as their climate change awareness and adaptation strategy. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Majority of the respondents in the state had low awareness to climate change and submitted that climate change has affected their socio-economic and agricultural activities in recent years. The effects identified were: reduced crop yield, shortage of water and biom ass for animals due to low rainfall. It was also noticed that, there were frequent dry spells, cold spells, strong winds and thunderstorms. Similarly, high temperature causes wilting of crops and diseases. The respondents are making efforts to adapt to climate change in various ways such as planting resistant crop varieties, altering planting schedules, planting early maturing varieties and crop diversification. They however lack adequate information on how to adapt. It thus recommended that, adequate information and sensitization from the site of the government, non- governmental organizations and communities should be made available. Hence, appropriate technology as well as inputs s equally be made available in the study area.
Keywords: Adaptation, community awareness, climate change, effect, Yobe State
318 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
PHYSICO-CHEMICAL ASSESSMENT OF WATER QUALITY OF BROOK MAZMANLI (HASSA-HATAY)
Ekrem MUTLU1, A. Yalçın TEPE2, Tuğba DEMİR3, Telat YANIK4 1Kastamonu University, Faculty of Fisheries, Kastamonu 2Giresun University, Faculty of Science, Giresun 3Cumhuriyet University, Hafik Kamer Örnek Vocational School, Hafik-Sivas 4Atatürk University, Faculty of Fisheries, Erzurum *Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT
Objective: The objectives of this study are to observe the monthly and annual changes in water samples of Brook Mazmanlı, which is located within the borders of Hassa Province of Hatay City and used in watering needs of agricultural lands around it, through physical-chemical methods, to determine the water quality properties, to reveal the pollution problems, to determine the suitability level in terms of aquatic life, and to classify the quality of water in accordance with Water Pollution Control Regulation criteria. Materials and Methods: The Brook Mazmanlı located in northeastern Mediterranean Region is within the borders of Mazmanlı village of Hassa Province of Hatay City, and it merges with Küçük Asi River within the borders of Zülfühan Village after merging with Broko Arfin in Amik Lake basin. In the region, where the Mediterranean climate is dominant, the mean annual precipitation is 1130 mm, annual vaporization is 1836 mm, mean temperature is 18.4 °C, and relative humidity is 69%. In this study, by performing 19 chemical and physical analyses of water, the monthly and seasonal changes of water quality data have been recorded, and the water quality criteria have been determined in accordance with Water Pollution Control Regulation’s Intra-Continental Water Resource Classification. 2 sampling stations have been chosen; one in 10m away from the source of brook and one in the exit of Mazmanlı Village. The cleaning and maintenance of all of the equipment, land-type measurement tools, and 3L glass sampling containers to be used in sampling have been executed 1 day before the sampling. Sampling tubes have been immersed into acidic solution, and then dried in drying oven after being washed with pure water. The sampling tubes to be used in water sampling have been flushed and immersed into 15 cm below water surface for taking water sample. Monthly samplings have been started in May 2004 and carried out for 12 months. The obtained water samples have been taken to the laboratory within maximum 4 hours for analysis. Temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, and saltiness parameters have been measured in-place via land- type measurement devices. Dissolved oxygen and temperature were measured via YSI brand S2 model oxygen meter, pH measurement was conducted with Orion brand 420A model pH-meter, the electrical conductance (µs/cm) and salinity (ppt) were measured by using YSI brand 30/50 FT model conductance-meter. Among other parameters determining water quality; total alkalinity, total hardness, ammonium nitrogen, nitrite, nitrate, phosphate, sulfite, sulfate, chloride, sodium, potassium, silica, suspended solid matter (SSM), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), analyses of water samples were conducted in laboratory of Mustafa Kemal University’s Faculty of Fisheries in same day. Results: Due to the needs of protecting the actual water quality of Brook Mazmanlı, which is known with hosting various aquatic creatures and fishes and constitutes the aquatic habitat for them, and considering its importance for near agricultural lands in terms of the continuance of ecological balance, it is required to perform periodical water quality studies in future, to prevent excessive and unconscious agricultural pesticides affecting actual water quality negatively, and to protect the brook from domestic and animal wastes mixing into the water via precipitation and underground leakages. As a result, the measures required in order to improve the actual water quality of Brook Mazmanlı should be taken immediately.
Keywords: Water quality, water pollution, Brook Mazmanlı, Hassa, Hatay
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 319
EXAMINED OF LOCALLY PERIODIC MARKET OF MARKETING PROBLEMS: A CASE STUDY IN KONYA-MERAM DISTRICT
Ebru KAYA5 Mithat DİREK1,6
1 Selçuk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Tarım Ekonomisi Bölümü Konya-Turkey
2Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Based on a very old history, a neighborhood market that meets the mandatory requirements of individual consumption also carries traditional features as well. The evaluation identified and the problems of neighborhood markets are important markets and the market can continue its existence as a cultural heritage. Lack of infrastructure at the beginning of the problems of the Konya district market area market experienced marketers and communication between local agencies, come to be the standard of the services of local institutions.
Keywords: periodic markets, marketing problems, Konya
320 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
YOUTH, STRUGGLE, AND HISTORICAL CONTEXT OF AGROECOLOGY
Bamba Mbaye
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Agroecology is a new codification of our historical struggle giving the current onslaught of industrial agriculture on people and the planet. Given this, we have to recognize that agroecology is part of our history and heritage as a people. Thereby the need for sustainable agriculture pivotal in our drive toward food self –sufficiency and poverty alleviation. My position in attending your forum is to avail me the opportunity as youth organization to venture rethinking and talking about sustainable agriculture to wider perspective. Our objective is see how to transfer this knowledge to the next generation and how this knowledge will continue to evolve in perpetuity; this is the role of youth in agroecology- how will agroecology evolve to be in harmony with nature and people is a fundamental situation that need to be address in the face of sustainable agriculture and environment protection at all levels. Agroecology is a process for social and ecological transformation. It is a methodology for advancing peasant struggle, from within a movement framework. It is not just about increasing organic matter in the soil, alone. It is also a social and political project and methodology enacted at the base in rural communities for, amongst other things, building infrastructure and power. The question of how agroecology can make an impact at a greater scale has been at the center of the debates among NGOs, Scholars and Policy makers at national and international levels. The question of how to increase the number of people and places impacted by agroeceology every day is important, and we must recognize that peasant and small farmer communities are at the center of agroecology, both as science and as a way of life. Bringing agroecology at this youthful stage and beyond to scale means both scaling up and scaling out agroecology. Scaling agroecology by increasing research, training and supportive policies; and scaling out by supporting the dissemination of peasant- led agroecological practices through peasant exchanges and training. Specifically,scaling agroecology up and out needs:- Increase funding for social movements’ priorities; Support for the rights to land, seeds and water at local communities; Substantial Government commitment to this; Democratic reviews of free trade agreements and other international agreements that disregard and even curb farmers’ right to multiply, store and share seeds. Offering new and important roles of youth to the innovation of sustainable food. Disregard the issue of agribusiness and commercialization.
Horizontal Knowledge between peasant, indigenous, and scientific Knowledge is central in our campaign;
Keywords: agroecology, indigenous knowledge, sustainable agriculture, agric- business, peasants, dissemination, scaling up, scaling out, policy and heritage
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 321
IMPROVING INTEGRATED CONTROL STRATEGIES FOR PESTS AND DISEASES FOR SUSTAINABLE SUGAR BEET PRODUCTION
Rıza KAYA, Şeref GÜRKAN
T.Şeker Fabrikaları A.Ş. Şeker Enstitüsü, 06930 Etimesgut - ANKARA
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
In this study, improving of entegrated control strategies was aimed to combat the pests and diseases had different population and severity for sustainable and economical sugar beet production in different geografic and climate conditions. The results indicated that: 1) Sugar beet varieties, resistant to Rhizomania, Cercospora and powdery mildew, some susceptible to Cercospora gave a high yield and quality performance, were necessary to sow and in addition fungicide programmes were implemented against Cercospora and powdery mildew in the areas where coastal climate privails in Turkey 2) After sowing the resistant varieties to rhizomania and tolarant to powdery mildew, fungicides had to be applied to powdery mildew and also, tolerant varieties in accordince with the cyst nematod severity in the fields should be sown in Central Anatolian Region where continental climate prevails. 3) The loading Imidacloprid of 9 g or thiamethoxam of 3 g or clothianidin of 9 g to sugar beet seeds per kilogramme was satisfactory to control the subsoil pest complex and flea beetle.
Keywords: Sugar beet, disease, pest, strategy of integrated control
322 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
MYCOFLORA ON MAIZE COBS INFECTED BY Ustilago maydis (DC) Corda
Mehmet AYDOĞDU1, Nuh BOYRAZ2, Salih MADEN3
1West Mediterranean Agricultural Research Institute, Antalya, Turkey 2Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey 3Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Turkey
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Ustilago maydis (DC) Corda, causal agent of corn smut, can form enormous galls on maize cobs and cause significant yield losses under favorable conditions. In addition to yield losses, some microorganisms which is fungal origin can exist on smutted cobs and affect kernel quality. With regard to the issue, a 2-year field experiment was conducted to determine mycoflora on the smutted ears in Antalya Province. In the study, some maize cultivars belonging to various maize variety groups including dent corn, flint corn, sweet corn and popcorn were used as host plants. Inoculations were performed by injecting inoculum into ear silk of each cob of the plants in inoculated plots. For each treatment, control plots were also set up. When the kernels of ears in control plots were mature enough to harvest, kernel samples in inoculated plots were taken from smutted cobs and investigated in terms of fungal flora. In conclusion, a total of 6 genera (Paecilomyces, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Acremonium, Fusarium, Rhizopus) was determined from the kernels in the smutted cobs. However, frequently isolated species were determined as Aspergillus fumigatus, A. niger, A. parasiticus (A. flavus), Paecilomyces lilacinus, Penicillium citrinum, Fusarium solani, F. oxysporum and Rhizopus stolonifer. In additon, it was detected that the most frequently isolated genus was Aspergillus (31.4%), while the lowest one was Penicillium (6.4%).
Keywords: Maize, mycoflora, corn smut, Ustilago maydis
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 323
SOME TECHNOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PLANT CAMELINA STEM
Mustafa Nevzat Örnek1,4, Ali Yavuz Şeflek2, Nurettin Kayahan2, Mustafa Acaroğlu3, Haydar Hacıseferoğulları2
1 S.Ü. Teknik Eğitim Fakültesi, Elektronik ve Bilgisayar Eğitimi Bölümü, Konya, Türkiye 2 S.Ü. Ziraat Fakültesi Tarım Makinaları ve Teknolojileri Mühendisliği Bölümü, Konya, Türkiye 3 S.Ü. Teknoloji Fakültesi, Makina Mühendisliği Bölümü, Konya, Türkiye
4 Sorumlu Yazar ([email protected]) ABSTRACT
In this study, cutting characteristics of camelina stem, the physical properties of camelina pellets and burn values were investigated in 2013 which was made the summer production in Konya. The cutting experiments were made in humidity values and loading speed values of the camelina stem with five replicates as 6.86%, 10.51% and 15.93% (y.b), and 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1 mm s-1, respectively. Also, camelina stems were pelleted in the pellet diameter of 10 mm and the height of 45 mm. The physical properties of the pellets and elemental analyzes were made. In result of the research, the values of cutting force of camelina stem as 8.23-23.99 N, cutting stretching as 0.84-1.82 N mm-2, cutting energy as 0.027-0.082 J and specific cutting energy as 0.380-1.325 mJ mm-2 were found in the experiments. The calorific value of pure camelina pellet as 4406 cal g-1, carbon as 40.61%, hydrogen as 5.86%, sulphur as 0.09%, and ash as 4% were found in the result of elemental analysis.
Keywords: Camelina, cutting stretching, specific cutting energy, pellet characteristics, elemental analysis
324 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
THE IMPORTANCE OF SHEEP BREEDING IN REDUCING THE DEPENDENCE ON CATTLE IN RED MEAT PRODUCTION
İbrahim Aytekin1 Saim Boztepe1 Arzu Kan2
1Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Selcuk University, 42075, Konya, Turkey 2Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Selcuk University, 42075, Konya, Turkey
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
When called red meat, cattle production comes to mind first. Because such a perception has been created in the community. The portion of the fact that Turkey is obtained from cattle of 87 % of the red meat production is great such a perception. At the same time, meat production obtained from sheep and goats is around 12-13 %. In Turkey, a country in accordance with small ruminant breeding (especially sheep breeding), it is necessary to increase the portion of the sheep and goat meat red meat production. Efficient use of resources will be possible if this is done. The purpose of this article is to exhibit some of the advantages of sheep meat production in reducing the dependence on cattle in red meat production.
Keywords: sheep, lamb, cattle, red meat, production
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 325
SOCIAL VALUES OF URBAN PARKS: A CASE STUDY IN KONYA CITY, TURKEY
Nurgül Arısoy
Selçuk University, Agricultural Faculty, Department of Landscape Architecture, Alaeddin Keykubat Campus, 42035 Selçuklu/Konya-TURKEY
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The social values of urban green spaces are playing important role in decision-making on urban land-use and green space planning, but they are not always sufficiently taken into account. It is necessary to collect the experienced values of urban green areas and integrating this information into the planning processes. The role and importance of green areas have previously been researched largely through structured questionnaires. The aim of this study is to develop a simple method to test a systematic approach to collecting social values as experienced by residents and to describe the experienced qualities of urban parks for green area planning purposes.
Keywords: Social value, urban parks, land-use planning
326 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
MIXTURE PERFORMANCE OF THE BARLEY GENOTYPES AT WEST MEDITERRANEAN REGION OF TURKEY Mehmet TEKİN1, M. İlhan ÇAĞIRGAN1
Antalya Mutation Project, Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Akdeniz University, Antalya, TURKEY
Correspondence author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is a major crop in Mediterranean basin due to its drought- tolerant characteristic, which is an important ability especially for sustainable agriculture. In barley research, most work has focused on improvement of cultivar performance per se (i.e. high yield, better quality, resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses). Although barley cultivars are selected for optimal performance in a target region, fluctuations in yield between sites and years have emerged as a problem in recent years owing to the climate variability. The impaired sustainability associated with homogenity has driven the exploration of more ecologically sound and environmentally friendly cultivation approaches. One of the most crucial approaches is genotype mixtures which are defined as “mixtures of genotypes (near- isogenic lines) that vary for many characters, but have phenotypically similarity (i.e. maturity, height, quality and grain type) to be grown together”. It is important to understand interactions between adult plants in order to predict properly the outcome of competition between cultivars and design sustainable cropping systems. To this end, we studied mixture performance of barley genotypes in upland and lowland of West Mediterranean Region of Turkey. Pure lines (unibends) of 6 genotypes of barley and 15 possible 50:50 mixtures (biblends) were cultivated in three-replicate randomized blocks in Akdeniz University, Antalya. Four of used genotypes which are nearly isogenic mutant lines were obtained from over farmer participatory mutation breeding project. In addition to grain yield, data were collected on 10 agronomic traits. The mixture performances of genotypes differed in their relative performances in pure stands and mixtures. The mixtures M1 + M3 and M3 + Sladoran were found to be good mixes for different agronomic characters. In conclusion, intergenotypic competition among relatively well adapted genotypes was found to be encouraging as a consequence of sustainability concerns in extensive production systems of barley under dry land Mediterranean conditions. The mixtures offer a potential to achieve specific production requirements such as lodging tolerance, disease control, total biomass with preferable harvest index favoring grain or straw.
Keywords: Hordeum vulgare L., yield stability, mixing ability, sustainability
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 327
INDUCED MUTAGENESIS IN A F1 GENETIC BACKGROUND OF PEPPER TO SELECT MUTANTS SUITABLE FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE
Alper ADAK, M. İlhan ÇAĞIRGAN
Antalya Mutation Project, Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Sustainable agriculture requires variability to develop cultivars being able to cope with environmental stresses. Induced mutagenesis in F1 backgrounds provides advantage of heterozygosity and possibility of recombination between “unrelated” parents. In this context, we intended to induce variability in a F1 cultivar to select mutants which may be of suitability for sustainable agriculture and develop genetic tools in the heterozygous F1 pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) hybrid variety, Mert, by gamma rays.
F1 hybrid cultivars can be selfed and segregated after induced mutation and this approach can be more beneficial for expanding genetic variability. Thus, it can be developed parental lines to use in a heterosis breeding program. Induced mutations supply new unique genetic materials which are not exposed to natural or artificial selection by mankind. In this way the problem of genetic similarity can be alleviated. Obtained mutants from locally adapted genotypes are used directly or considered as parents for F1 cultivars. In this manner, introducing of new undiscovered gene sources become practical application.
To this purpose, we irradiated 2000 seeds of a well-adapted hybrid pepper cultivar, Mert with 100 Gy and 200 Gy doses of gamma rays. Selection for morpho-physiologic, reproductive and marker traits was performed in F2M2 generation following their confirmation in F3M3. In F2M2 generation, 1299 families were grown and 5 putative mutants selected from those families were confirmed in F3M3 generation. Some of significant traits such as determinate growth habit, excessive flowering, fruit shape, sterility, fruit size and thickness, leaf abnormalities, and short internode with excessive branching were worth to mention. Thanks to these agronomically valuable genetic materials we expect to develop new pure lines and hybrids cultivars to satisfy farmers’ and consumers’ expectations in a sustainable manner.
Keywords: Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), heterosis, mutation breeding, sustainable agriculture
328 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
DEVELOPMENTS OF CITRUS FOREIGN TRADE IN TURKEY
Hasan ARISOY1, Gülcan ERAKTAN2
1Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey 2Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Although citrus comprises one of the most important chapters of Turkish export, the rate of that crop group in total export decreases in the course of time. World citrus export is increasing correspondingly in the last years. While the total World trade is increasing over the last decade, attempts of export countries, foremost Spain, Netherlands, THE USA, Chine, South Africa, Morocco for getting more shares from the World markets make a pro- competition effect. Therefore, it is more significant to determent, whether Turkey maintains its share in the import of destination countries than the increase of Turkish export in citrus in the course of time. So, the size and direction of the intensity of Turkey in import of destination countries is critically important. The aim of that study is to scrutinize the change of value and direction of trade flow between Turkey and citrus importing countries as per time. Consequently, the Turkey’s share in the markets in which Turkish export products addressed and the changes in these markets in the course of time will be determined. Trade Intensity Analysis has been used in the study. The intensification coefficients of the export of Turkish citrus which have mostly comparative advantage indicate that Turkey is losing its market share even in respect of the leading destination countries. The market losses come out of many reasons. There are a lot of problems to be tackled in that area. Firstly, production of these crops does not match the conformity with market demand concerning the quantity and some peculiarities.
Keywords: citrus, export, Intensification (Regionalization) Coefficient, Turkey
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 329
INSECTICIDAL EFFECT OF IN VITRO REGENERATED CERATOPHYLLUM DEMERSUM L. AGAINST SITOPHILUS ZEAMAIS MOTSCHULSKY (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE)
Bugrahan Emsen1, Muhammet Dogan1, Muhammad Aasim1, Erol Yıldırım2
1Department of Biology, Kamil Özdağ Faculty of Science, Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University, Karaman, Turkey 2Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Ceratophyllum demersum L., belonging to the Ceratophyllaceae family, is an important medicinal aquatic plant due to its active compounds. It has been widely used to remove heavy metals (photoremediation) and pollution monitoring (biomonitor) in the aquatic environment. In this study, it was investigated insecticidal activity of methanol extract of in vitro propagated C. demersum on maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky. Axillary shoot regeneration from nodal explants of C. demersum was recorded on liquid Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing various combinations of 6-Benzylaminopurine (BA) and 1- Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Maximum number of shoot per explant (92.76) was obtained on MS medium containing 0.75 mg/L BA + 0.25 mg/L NAA, and The highest shoot length (3.53 cm) was recorded on MS medium containing 0.25 mg/L BA + 0.25 mg/L NAA. Methanol extract was toxic to adults of S. zeamais at different concentrations and exposure times. Maximum mortalities were recorded after 96 h of exposure at all concentrations. LC50 values after 24, 48 and 96 h were 25.192, 16.466 and 1.281 mg/mL, respectively. Mortality rate of S. zeamais adults increased significantly (p < 0.05), as the concentration level and/or exposure time increased. While correlation coefficient was 0.432 between concentration- insecticidal effects, it was 0.870 between elapsed time-insecticidal effect and these correlations were significant at the 0.01 level. Based on the present results, it can be concluded that methanol extract of C. demersum may have a potential action for control of S. zeamais adults.
Keywords: Ceratophyllum demersum, Insecticidal effect, Nodal explant, Shoot regeneration, Sitophilus zeamais
Acknowledgment - This study was supported by the Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University through the Scientific Research Project commission (BAP) (Project no: 05-M-15).
330 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
TOXICITY EFFECT OF CERATOPHYLLUM DEMERSUM L. PROPAGATED BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES ON GRANARY WEEVIL
Muhammet Dogan1, Bugrahan Emsen1, Erol Yıldırım2, Muhammad Aasim1
1Department of Biology, Kamil Özdağ Faculty of Science, Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University, Karaman, Turkey 2Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Ceratophyllum demersum L., usually known as hornwort or coontail, is a species of Ceratophyllaceae family. It is a submerged, free-floating aquatic plant. The plant is used for medical purposes in the treatment of many diseases such as scorpion stings, biliousness, haemorrhoids, wounds. Also aqueous, chloroform, ethanol and methanol extracts of C. demersum has been reported to have antimicrobial effects. Therefore, the present experiment was undertaken to determine the insecticidal effect of aqueous extract of in vitro propagated C. demersum against Sitophilus granarius (L.). Shoot tip explants isolated from C. demersum were cultured on liquid Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different combinations of 6-Benzylaminopurine (BA) and 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) during eight weeks. Maximum number of 83.17 shoots per explant was obtained on MS medium containing 1.00 mg/L BA + 0.25 mg/L NAA. Maximum shoot length (3.75 cm) was recorded on MS medium containing 0.25 mg/L BA + 0.25 mg/L NAA. Four different concentrations (2.5, 5, 10 and 20 mg/mL) of water extract obtained from C. demersum were tested against adults of S. granarius in Petri dishes. After exposure, mortality of the adults was determined at 24th, 48th and 96th h. The cumulative mortality rates after 24, 48 and 96 h of treatment with the maximum concentration (20 mg/mL) of C. demersum extract were determined as 72.73, 90.91 and 100% for S. granarius, respectively. The insecticidal effect was affected by the concentrations of the extracts and the exposure time. Higher concentration and longer exposure time resulted in maximum toxicity on S. granarius.
Keywords: Ceratophyllum demersum, Insecticidal effect, Shoot regeneration, Shoot tip, Sitophilus granarius
Acknowledgment - This study was supported by the Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University through the Scientific Research Project commission (BAP) (Project no: 05-M-15).
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 331
AXILLARY SHOOT REGENERATION FROM SHOOT TIP AND DIFFERENT NODAL SEGMENTS OF AQUATIC LYSIMACHIA NUMMULARIA L.
Mehmet Karataş1, Muhammet Dogan2, Muhammad Aasim2
1Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey 2Department of Biology, Kamil Ozdag Faculty of Science, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, Yunus Emre Campus, 70200, Karaman, Turkey
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Lysimachia nummularia L. is a species of flowering plant in the family Primulaceae. It is used in herbalism for healing wounds and the plant contains a number of phenolic acids. In this study was aimed to rapid and multiple propagation of L.nummularia under in vitro conditions. Shoot tip, 1st and 2nd nodal segments of L.nummularia were cultured on MS medium containing different combinations BAP (0.25-1.25 mg/l) + NAA (0.25 mg/L). The best response in terms of the percentage of shoot regeneration was obtained from shoot tip explant (72.00%) cultured on MS medium supplemented with 0.50 mg/L BAP + 0.25 mg/L NAA, from 1st (83.33%) and 2nd (75.00%) nodal segments cultured on MS medium supplemented with 0.25 mg/L BAP + 0.25 mg/L NAA. Maximum number of shoots per explant were recorded on MS medium containing 0.25 mg/L BAP + 0.25 mg/L NAA for shoot tip (6.28) and 2nd nodal segments (5.13) whereas were recorded on MS medium containing 0.50 mg/L BAP + 0.25 mg/L NAA for 1st nodal segments (4.59). The highest shoot length of 2.66 cm, 2.18 cm and 1.76 cm were obtained from 2nd nodal segments, shoot tip and 1st nodal segment explants respectively. Regenerated shoots were successfully rooted on MS medium containing IBA. Thereafter, rooted plantlets were acclimatized in aquariums successfully.
Keywords: Aquatic plant, In vitro, Shoot regeneration, Shoot tip, nodal segment
332 2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
EFFICIENT IN VITRO REGENERATION OF MEDICINAL AQUATIC PLANT CERATOPHYLLUM DEMERSUM L.
Mehmet Karataş1, Muhammet Dogan2, Muhammad Aasim2
1Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey 2Department of Biology, Kamil Ozdag Faculty of Science, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, Yunus Emre Campus, 70200, Karaman, Turkey
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Aquatic plants oxygen provides the necessary oxygen for aquatic organisms, and they also create habitats for their survival. Ceratophyllum demersum L. is an aquatic plant belongs to Ceratophyllaceae family. It is among the most popular plants used in in aquariums. Also, it is a medicinal plant and uses traditionally for cure of ulcer, diarrhoea and wound. The present study was designed to obtain axillary shoot regeneration from shoot tip explant cultured on agar solidified Murashige ve Skoog (MS) medium containing 0.10-0.80 mg/L Thidiazuron (TDZ) + 0.10 mg/L Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) + 0.10 mg/L Gibberellic acid (GA3). Shoot formation in the MS medium began to be observed during the second week. Browning was observed the ends of some regenerated shoots in the fifth week. At the end of the eighth week, experiment was terminated and data was taken. Maximum shoots per explants (61.92) were recorded on MS medium containing 0.10 mg/L TDZ + 0.10 mg/L IBA + 0.10 mg/L GA3, and the highest shoot lengths (0.73 cm) were obtained on MS medium containing 0.20 mg/L TDZ + 0.10 mg/L IBA + 0.10 mg/L GA3. Generally, shoot length has remained fairly short. The regenerated plants were succesfully acclimatised in aquatic environments. The present study may help to use protocol for extraction of medically important compounds from the plant and the chemicals can be used in the pharmaceutical fields.
Keywords: Aquatic plants, in vitro, shoot regeneration, shoot tip
2nd ICSAE 2015 İnternational Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 333
ALLELOPATHY OF SUNFLOWER (HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L.) STEM EXTRACT ON PHYSIOLOGY OF WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.)
Javed Kamal
Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Petri-dishes grown seedlings of wheat cvs. Margalla 99 and Chakwall 97 were treated with distilled water and with different extracts of sunflower roots. Data on physiology of wheat seedlings including germination rate, protein, proline, sugars, DNA, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and chlorophyll contents were recorded; all increased with allelochemicals treatments when compared with the controls.
Keywords: Allelopathy, chlorophyll contents, DNA, peroxidase, protein, proline, sunflower, sugar, superoxide dismutase, wheat
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