Orissa Review (Census Special)

KENDUJHAR DISTRICT

220 1’ North latitudes and between 850 11’ and 260 22’ East longitudes. Three districts of Orissa The present district was a part of the like Mayurbhanj, Baleswar and Kalinga under Ashok in the 3rd century B.C. and surround this district in the East whereas the west also formed a part of Kharavela’s empire when is bounded by another three districts like he was ruling over Kalinga. The discovery of a , Anugul and Sundargarh. large number of Kushan coins found in these areas district of Orissa lays in the south. But the north indicates that Murundas ruled this region during side boundary of this district is a part of the inter- the early part of the Christian era. The Bhanja state boundary, which is the dividing line of Orissa family appeared on this land during 5th century and the newly created state. The other A.D. A small inscription at Sitabinz reveals that a side of that line is the Singhbhum district of king named Disabhanja was ruling over this tract Jharkhand. in the 5th century AD. After lapse of about five The total area of this district stands at centuries, the ruling of the Bhanja dynasty again 8303 sq.kms as against the corresponding figure appeared in the 10th century A.D and the territory of 155707 sq.kms. which was ruled by them during that time was known as Khijinga Mandala. It comprised the The new district of Kendujhar is present district of Mayurbhanj and some parts of constituted by four towns including five census Kendujhar district along with Singh bhum district towns and 2122 villages spread over 8 C.D of Jharkhanda state. The kingdom was divided blocks. It has 15.6 lakh population out of which into two parts “Uttara Khand” and “Dakshina males constitute 50.08 percent and females 49.42 Khand” and most probably the Kendujhar region percent. The population growth rate during the was a part of “Dakshina Khanda”. The Bhanjas last decade of the twentieth century is 1.67 ruled over this kingdom from the Capital Khijinga annually. The area of the district is 8303 sq.km Kotta, which was destroyed by Sultan Firoz Shah and thus, population density works out to be of Delhi during his invasion in 1361 AD. This led 188.Sex ratio (females per 1000 males) is 977 to the shifting of the capital to Haripur from considering the total population of each sex and Khijinga Kotta by the Bhanja kings. that for population of 0-6 years it is 961 indicating Being a part of the Northern Orissa, the relatively higher deficit of females at younger ages. district Kendujhar is located between 210 1’ and The percentage of population in the age group of

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0-4 years is 10.41 percent and that of age group workers in the district 4.5 lakh which accounts 5-14 years is 24.7 percent. The population in the for a work participation rate of 39.77 percent. working age group of 15-59 is 58.05 percent Of the workers 63.61 percent are main workers and old age group and age not stated group and 36.39 percent are marginal workers. together constitute 6.84 percent. The age group wise distribution provides an idea of dependency The total population of the district belong burden and helps in planning of welfare services to about 3.2 lakh households in the rural and and business products. The district has 13.64 urban areas of the district. Thus, the average percent population enumerated in areas classified household size is 5 per household. Of the as urban. The major towns in the district are households 20.3 percent are occupying permanent houses, 32.2 percent semi-permanent (M) Kendujhar (M) and (M) township having houses & 47.5 percent temporary houses. The 38 thousand, 35 thousand and about 18 thousand rural households are spread over 2069 inhabited in respective order. villages. Drinking water is available in 99.66 The main religions in the district are Hindu percent of the villages and of this safe drinking (97.69 percent), Muslim (1.31 percent) and water is 98.65 percent. Electric power supply is others (0.43 percent) indicating Hindu available in 68.39 percent of villages. 59.79 predominance. The Scheduled Caste population percent have it for domestic purposes & only 4.2 of the district constitute 11.62 percent and percent villages have it for agricultural use. Of the among them the major caste groups are Pan/ total villages 81.05 percent have primary (58.77 percent ), Dhoba etc. (14.2 percent) and schools, 36.59 percent middle schools and 23.92 Dom etc.(4.05 percent). The Scheduled Tribes have secondary/senior secondary schools. Only account for 44.5 percent population of the 1.69 percent have colleges in the villages and district and Kolha (25.21 percent), Bhuiyan 18.08 percent have medical facility. Post, telegraph and telephone facilities are available in etc.(12.79 percent) and Gond etc.(10.94 percent) 33.06 percent of villages. Bus services are are the largest tribal groups in the district. available in 25.86 percent of villages. Paved The district has 7.8 lakh literates of which approach road is existing in 46.21 percent of 4.7 lakh are males and 3.01 lakh are females. villages and 86.47 percent villages have mud The total literacy rate is 59.24 percent , the male approach roads. literacy rate being 71.99 percent and female Mention of Kendujhar district is found in rate 46.22 indicating substantial gender gap in pre- independence census but the present district literacy. Statistics on population reporting of Kendujhar is formed in 1993. It has abundant attainment of different educational levels reveal natural resources and developed as prominent some interesting facets. Population with greater industrial base in recent decades. It has substantial degree and above constitute 5.6 percent and population which are backward as indicated by those indicating no educational level are only 2.27 S.C and S.T. Percentage. Sex imbalance is an percent. The group reporting Matriculation/ area of concern particularly in age group 0-6 Secondary/Diploma as their level of education years. The work participation rate still needs are 19.61 percent. Below primary group are 28.2 improvement keeping in view the recent percent and those having primary and middle industrialisation process. The district may provide education are 27.72 and 16.59 percent an interesting case study for population and respectively. Total population classified as sustainable development.

140 December - 2010 Orissa Review (Census Special)

Basic Data Sheet District Kendujhar (06), Orissa (21) ( Source: Census of 2001)

Population: Persons 1,561,990 Number of households 326,784 Males 790,036 Household size (per household) 5 Females 771,954 Growth (1991 - 2001) 16.8316.79 Sex ratio (females per 1000 males) 977 Rural 1,348,967 Sex ratio (0-6 years) 961 Urban 213,023 Scheduled Caste population 181,488 Scheduled Tribe population 695,141 Percentage to total population 11.62 Percentage to total population 44.50

Literacy and Educational level Literates Educational Level attained Persons 780,918 Total 780,918 Males 479,337 Without level 17,751 Females 301,581 Below primary 220,226 Literacy rate Primary 216,473 Persons 59.24 Middle 129,539 Males 71.99 Matric/Higher Secondary/Diploma 153,161 Females 46.22 Graduate and above 43,741

Workers Age groups Total workers 621,226 0 - 4 years 162,527 Main workers 395,160 5 - 14 years 385,830 Marginal workers 226,066 15 - 59 years 906,767 Non-workers 940,764 60 years and above (Incl. A.N.S.) 106,866

Scheduled Castes (Largest three) Scheduled Tribes (Largest three)

1.Pan Pano 106,662 1.Kolha 175,233 2.Dhoba etc. 25,774 2.Bhuiya etc. 88,935 3.Dom etc. 7,344 3.Gond etc. 76,071

Religionseligions (Largest (Largest three)three) Amenities and infrastructural facilities 1.Hindus 1,525,874 Total inhabited villages 2,069 2.Muslims 20,390 3.Others 6,750 Amenities available in villages No. of villages Drinking water facilities 2,062 Important Towns (Largest three) Safe Drinking water 2,041 Population Electricity (Power Supply) 1,415 Electricity (domestic) 1,237 1.Barbil (M) 52,627 Electricity (Agriculture) 87 2.Kendujhar (M) 51,845 Primary schools 1,677 3.Joda (M) 38,689 Middle schools 757 Secondary/Sr Secondary schools 495 College s 35 House Type Medical facility 374 Primary Health Centres 60 Primary Health Sub-Centres 296 Type of house (% of households occupying) Post, telegraph and telephone facility 684 Permanent 20.3 Bus services 535 Semi-permanent 32.2 Paved approach road 956 Temporary 47.5 Mud approach road 1,789

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District Highlights

Ø Kendujhar is the 4th district in terms of size and 8th in terms of population. Ø Kendujhar is the 10th urbanized district in the state having about 13.64 per cent of its population living in urban areas, whereas about 14.99 per cent of state'sstate population population livelive in urban areas. Ø In terms of population per sq. km. Kendujhar is 19th densely populated district in the state. Ø Kendujhar has 15th rank in terms of sex ratio in the state. Ø There are only 53 uninhabited villages in the district, while only one village is having a population of more than 5000. Ø Jajanga in Joda P.S. is the most populated village (5,799) in the district. Ø The economy of the district is mainly dependent upon cultivation. Out of each 100 workers in the district 69 are engaged in agricultural sector. Ø Kendujhar Sadar police station is having the highest number of villages (215) in the district whereas Kanjipani police station is having the lowest number of villages (38) in the district.

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