American Museum Novitates

AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES Published by Number 1239 THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY July 19, 1943 New York City A REVISION OF THE GENUS COENONYCHA A REVISION OF THE GENUS COENONYCHA (COLEOPTERA, SCARABAEIDAE) BY MONT A. CAZIER1 AND A. T. MCCLAY2

INTRODUCTION Prior to the present paper, the genus species and to present a discussion of their Coenonycha was represented in the de- phylogenetic relationships. scribed insect fauna of North America Due to the division of labor involved in by eight species, most of which had been a paper of this sort and the inconvenience collected in widely separated geographical resulting from dual authorship of species, areas. The phylogenetic relationships in the authorship of the new species described the genus were either not established or herein should be divided as follows: uncertain. In recent years, however, Cazier-purshiae, ampla, pallida, much has been discovered about the habits, hageni, hosts and behavior of these beetles, and bowlesi, lurida, acuta, barri, mediata, many new species have been collected from saylori and fuga; McClay-rubida, cly- a number of localities, thus making it peata, fulva, fusca, globosa, ovatis, crispata, possible to establish, at least partially, utahensis and scotti. the interspecific relationships. This paper The writers wish to express their appre- is designed to bring together all available ciation to the institutions and individuals information on the genus, to make known mentioned in the text for aid in supplying twenty new species, to give a key for specimens and information pertaining to the ready identification of all the known the genus Coenonycha.

DISTRIBUTION The genus is endemic to the western this area they are confined to the drier United States, primarily the southwest, regions, being most abundant in the and Guadalupe Island, Mexico (Fig. 1). chaparral districts of the coast, the foothills In the United States, two species are of the Sierra Nevada Mountains, the arid known to occur in Washington, one in portions of the Great Basin, the Mojave Oregon, three in Nevada, one in southern Utah, one in Arizona and twenty-two in and Colorado deserts and the San Joaquin California. One species is known from Valley. The altitudinal distribution ex- Guadalupe Island, Mexico. Throughout tends from sea level to about 4000 feet.

BIOLOGY Nothing is known about the life history and April and May in the Sierra Nevada of these beetles aside from the fact that the Mountains. larvae are root-feeders and that the mating Mr. P. C. Ting collected larvae of season is in the early spring, March and Coenonycha tingi on the roots of Adenostoma April in the coastal and desert regions, fasciculatum, on which plant the adults

1 Assistant Curator, Department of Insects and were also taken. If this close host associa- Spiders, The American Museum of Natural History. larvae is 2 Sacramento, California. tion between adults and general 2 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES [No. 1239

throughout the genus, and there is no mainder of the species are unknown. reason why it should not be, then the The adults of all species are nocturnal immature stages of C. testacea should be and may be taken either at lights or by on the roots of Eriogonum fasciculatum beating the host plants at night. The and Chyrsothamnus nauseosus, those of only species that are known to fly to lights C. hageni on Eriogonum fasciculatum, those are C. clypeata and C. fulva. Several of C. purshiae on Purshia tridentata, those hundred adults of C. testacea were hand- of C. ampla on Juniperus californicus, picked at night from the terminal shoots those of C. fuga and C. fusca on Adenos- of Eriogonum fasciculatum where they toma fasciculatum, those of C. pallida were either in copulation or were hanging and C. mediata on Artemesia species, on to the tips of the shoots with the four those of C. acuta on Adenostoma sparsi- hind legs, waving their front legs and folium and those of C. barri on Atriplex antennae into space. None was observed spinifera. The host plants of the re- flying.

PHYLOGENY The genus Coenonycha is most closely Sonoran zone habitats. The derivation allied to Dichelonyx and may have de- of the specialized forms from their imme- veloped from this genus or, more probably, diate and more generalized ancestors is from an ancestral stock common to both rather easy to follow and supports the genera. Dichelonyx appears to be northern assumption that speciation in the genus is in origin, having a wide Nearctic distribu- primarily in response to conditions of tion extending from northern Lower Cali- aridity. fornia into British Columbia, eastward Within the genus there appear to be across Canada to Maine and south into three rather well-defined but closely allied Pennsylvania. Structurally it has remained groups of species, hageni, fusca and testacea rather generalized, and many of the species (Fig. 2). Of these three groups the hageni have extensive distributions. In the west- complex, because of its pilosity, distribu- ern states Dichelonyx is primarily a Van- tion, unspecialized head structures and couveran element, and its chief food plants stability of antennal segmentation, appears in these areas are oaks and coniferous trees. to be the most primitive. The fusca group The possibility of Dichelonyx developing is most closely allied to the hageni complex from Coenonycha is rather remote as the but has lost the pilosity; the head struc- latter genus is more specialized structurally tures and especially the clypeus have and has developed numerous closely allied become relatively more specialized; and species in a relatively small area, thus the antennal segmentation is no longer indicating that it is not an archaic group. stable. The testacea group appears to be Inasmuch as Coenonycha is most diversi- the most specialized morphologically and fied and abundant in the arid western por- has given rise to the majority of the highly tions of the Great Basin, San Joaquin specialized species. Valley, Mojave and Colorado deserts, it The hageni group has three specialized is probable that it arose in this region in species, parvula, socialis and clementina, response to conditions of aridity. The and it also includes the species fulva and most primitive members of the genus, that clypeata occupying Santa Catalina Island, is, those having fully developed meta- as well as scotti, rubida, acuta and hageni thoracic wings, dark pigment and pile that occur in the Upper Sonoran zone. In throughout the body, occupy areas that this group specialization and differentiation are in the Upper Sonoran or Lower Transi- have taken place in response to insular tional zone; whereas, the more specialized isolation as well as to aridity. The approxi- species, having reduced metathoracic wings, mate relationships of the species belonging little if any pigment or pile, occupy typical to this group can be seen from the diagram REVISION OF THE GENUS COENONYCHA 3

(Fig. 2), which does not, however, show when additional material is available. adequately the correlation of these differ- C. scotti and rubida appear to be more ences with the distribution of the species. closely allied to one another than to the C. socialis from Guadalupe Island and C. rest of the hageni group, but there is great clementina from San Clemente Island are morphological as well as distributional very closely allied to one another, in fact discontinuity between the two. C. parvula more so than are clypeata and fulva which appears to represent a reduced winged occur together on Santa Catalina Island. form of the hageni group with very un- Also, socialis and clementina are only certain relationships with the other species. distantly related to clypeata and fulva, In the fusca group of five species, the and it seems probable that the former are specific relationships are more evident, derivatives of the primitive hageni group as shown in Fig. 2, and the specialized, rather than direct relatives of either of the reduced winged tingi is almost certainly Santa Catalina Island species. C. fulva a direct derivative of fuga. of the Santa Catalina Island species ap- The third group, represented by the pears to be more closely related to the generalized C. testacea, rotundata, utahensis mainland species than to clypeata and and eleven more specialized ones in two possibly arose from the hageni-acuta branch. The occurrence of these two dis- branches has, in response to varying de- tantly related species on the same island grees of aridity, developed species that are is possibly the result of an invasion of the in varying stages of divergence from these island originally by clypeata and then the generalized forms. The approximate de- re-invasion at a later date by fulva. The velopment as it appears in the available northern coastal hageni and the southern material can be seen in Fig. 2. Specific more inland acuta are almost certainly divergence and specialization have taken from the same stalk and may prove to place primarily in wing and clypeal de- represent subspecies rather than species velopment.

SPECIATION As is usual with a systematic analysis distinct but allied populations do not of this sort, there is no direct genetical or occupy the same area, there is no indirect experimental evidence available on the evidence of accompanying genetic change degree of reproductive isolation in the except as shown by the morphological various populations or samples. It is divergence. These are called allopatric therefore necessary to correlate the frag- populations, and the interpretation of ments of indirect evidence, morphological their classification status depends upon the differentiation, and geographical or eco- degree of morphological differentiation. logical distribution, in an attempt to If the populations are separated by con- interpret, in the light of our present in- siderable geographical distance without complete knowledge, the basic genetical apparent intermediate barriers (climatic, changes that may have accompanied or topographical, edaphic, etc.) the decision caused the divergence of these indirect as to their status is largely arbitrary due indicators. to the lack of information. Some writers If two morphologically different but choose to call these populations allopatric closely allied species occur side by side in species, whereas others prefer to recognize the same habitat without apparent hy- them as allopatric subspecies until further bridization, it can be assumed with information is available. If the morpho- reasonable assurance that genetical change logical divergence is great, there is good has taken place in sufficient magnitude to reason to recognize these populations as isolate the populations reproductively. species, since geneticists have shown that These populations are called sympatric genetic changes accompany geographical species. If, however, two morphologically isolation, and in most cases these allo- 4 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES [No. 1239

CLEMENTINA- - - -_

ROTUNDATA ------

4 ? Wt°i Fig. 1. Distribution of the genus Coenonycha. 19431 REVISION OF THE GENUS COENONYCHA 5 patric entities would not be reproductively that tingi is a specialized branch of fuga. compatible if they were brought together. C. tingi, fuga andfusca are allopatric species At least this is a reasonable risk to assume in relation to their relatives ampla and and does not necessitate the ungrounded purshiae but are very distinct morpho- assumption that hybridization between logically; recognizable topographical and these populations is probable, and, further- climatic barriers separate their distribu- more, it does not ignore the evidence on tions and their hosts are different. C. the genetic effect of isolation. If a barrier purshiae is an allopatric species in relation is evident between these allopatric popula- to ampla, occurring on the eastern side of tions, then there is even more reason to the Sierra Nevada Mountains in California call them allopatric species if morphological and in Nevada, and it is known only from divergence is complete. When the allo- Medford on the western side of the patric populations are poorly separated Cascades in Oregon. In California and morphologically and the distributional gap Nevada its host plant is Purshia tridentata. is small or without adequate barriers, it is, C. ampla comes from the semi-arid inner perhaps, somewhat justifiable to call these coast ranges of Fresno and San Luis populations subspecies in order to show Obispo counties where it occurs sympatri- their close relationship. cally with hageni and testacea except that With these points in mind the following its host plant is Juniperus californicus. discussion of the status of the Coenonycha Several morphological characters separate samples will be more intelligible, especially ampla and purshiae adequately for specific to those systematists who are still unaware recognition. of the importance of such correlative C. hageni is allopatric in its relationship interpretations. with acuta, occurring in Fresno County, Coenonycha tingi and fusca are sympatric sympatrically with ampla, on Eriogonum species, as they are distinct morphologically fasciculatum; whereas acuta occurs in and were collected on the same plants at Riverside County on Adenostoma sparsi- the same time at Napa, Napa County, folium. These two species are distinct California. C. tingi appeared to be at the morphologically, but the differences are height of its breeding season at the time less than those separating these species of collecting (March), and nearly a thou- from fulva. C. fulva is allopatric in its sand specimens were gathered; whereas relationships with hageni and acuta, sym- fusca was very scarce (ratio of one fusca patric with clypeata occurring only on to seventy-five tingi), and most of the Santa Catalina Island. C. clypeata is specimens were males, which usually in- sympatric in its relationship with fulva, dicates that the height of the season has from which it differs greatly in a number of not yet been reached. This is supported morphological characters, but is allopatric by the fact that fusca was at the height of in relation to its more closely allied main- its seasonal abundance in May at Auburn land relatives, which are, however, distinct and Sequoia National Park. C. tingi and morphologically. C. parvula is allopatric fuga are here considered as being sympatric, in relation to its nearest allies but occurs even though they have not been collected, sympatrically with testacea in Los Angeles strictly speaking, in the same spot. Their and Orange counties. It is abundantly distributional areas overlap in Napa and distinct from all other known species and Sonoma counties where there are no has greatly reduced metathoracic wings. evident distributional barriers, and they C. scotti is allopatric in relation to other have the same host plant. The main members of this group but occurs sym- morphological difference separating the two patrically with fusca in Tulare County. is in the size of the metathoracic wings; It is, however, quite distinct morpho- in tingi they are reduced in size and logically, being perhaps most easily con- modified in shape (probably cannot fly), fused with rubida and utahensis. C. and no intermediate condition between the rubida is allopatric in relation to all other two species is known. There is little doubt species, including scotti which seems to be 6 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES [No. 1239

OVIPENNIS

LURIDA GLOBOSA

)IATA i / PALLIDA I UTAHENSIS

ROTUNDATA

STOHLERI

TESTACEA

TINGI

FUGA I

AMPLA I I I PURSHIAE SCOTTI I FULVA 1 \ I II II I Ig Ig / CLYPEATA II / I / FUSCA I I I -, \ 1 / "I I

I- I

Fig. 2. Phylogenetic relationships of the species of Coenonycha. REVISION OF THE GENUS COENONYCHA 7 its nearest but morphologically distinct be regarded as subspecies even though they relative. C. clementina is allopatric in its are allopatric. On the other hand, barri, relationship with socialis, which is closely saylori, crispata and ovatis might prove to allied morphologically. However, in view be subspecies, as they are allopatric in a of the morphological change involving the relatively small and rather uniform area. loss of an antennal segment, and the In wing development, barri, which has presence of sexual dimorphism in socialis, fully developed metathoracic wings, might it is impossible at the moment to recognize conceivably have given rise to crispata them as subspecies. Both species are and saylori in which the wings are partially flightless, and a considerable distance reduced; and crispata might in turn have separates Guadalupe Island from San given rise to ovatis in which they are greatly Clemente Island. reduced. However, these wing characters In the testacea group the problems are are not continuously variable among the somewhat more difficult and the conclu- species, and additional characters on the sions more uncertain. C. testacea, rotundata clypeus and pronotum support these wing and utahensis are allopatric but closely differences so that for the present these allied morphological species. C. testacea populations are recognized as being allo- occurs sympatrically with ampla and patric species. parvula and possibly with ovatis and barri, There are therefore at least seven and which are within its range but have not possibly nine sympatric species associations been collected in any locality with it. known in the genus at the present time. Aside from being morphologically distinct, Of the allopatric species only two are ampla and barri have different hosts, known from more than one locality, thus which in turn are different from those of indicating the possibility of future change testacea. No hosts are known for parvula in status as more information becomes and ovatis, but both of these species are available on their distributions and be- very distinct and easily separable from in and identical areas. testacea, especially in the development of havior adjacent the metathoracic wings. C. utahed4sis is, Four species are insular in distribution, on the other hand, closely allied morpho- two being sympatric, possibly as a result logically with testacea and may eventually of re-invasion, and two allopatric with prove to be a subspecies. The remainder their flightless condition and the interven- of the species in this group are allopatric ing water barrier allowing them to undergo with varying degrees of morphological independent evolution. All the species distinctness. C. globosa, stohleri, ovipennis, occupying the more desert regions are pallida, lurida and mediata all appear to allopatric, and considerable distances (not be distinctly separable morphologically necessarily barriers) generally separate at the present time and cannot therefore their distributions.

TAXONOMIC CHARACTERS The following characters are the most punctures are small and close together, valuable in the present classification of giving a granular appearance. the genus and appear to have undergone CLYPEUS.-This is one of the most a number of different types of modification variable and complexly modified charac- among the various species. ters undergoing divergent evolution in the LABRUM.-There appears to be little or genus. The anterior margin may be no difference in the shape of this character broad or constricted, the reflexed edge throughout the genus, but in several species may be wide or narrow, the anterior edge there are differences in its sculpturing. may be straight, emarginate or bidentate, These differences consist either of a condi- and the angles either evenly rounded, or tion in which the surface is covered with obtusely or acutely angulate. The lateral well-spaced punctures or one in which the margins are either widely or narrowly 8 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES [No. 1239

)

TESTACEA TINGI

CRISPATA TINGI TINGI

SAYxOR

CRISPATA SAYLORI SAYLORI

MEDIATA BOWLESI SOCIALIS

PARVULA OVATIS CLEMENTINA

GLOBOSA STOHLERI Fig. 3. Metathoracic wings of certain species of Coenonycha. 1943] REVISION OF THE GENUS COENONYCHA 9 reflexed and are angulate or straight at characters undergoing evolutionary change the insertion on the head. The surface in the genus is the reduction of the meta- may be sparsely or cribrately punctate, thoracic wings (Fig. 3). In the known and the proportional relationship between species there appear to be two distinct length and width varies. The clypeal types of wing reduction: one involving the suture may be evident or obscure medially, over-all reduction in the size of the wing and it may also be straight, shallowly or with the eventual loss of many veins, and deeply emarginate medially. the other progressing through a series of ANTENNAE.-In past classifications, the definite cuts or notches in the wing apex. segmentation of this structure has received This latter process, which eventually re- considerable prominence. However, in duces the wing to a mere vestige, appears series of testacea and tingi the antennae were to be somewhat analogous to certain found to vary from seven to ten segments, mutant wing anomalies found in Droso- those on the two sides of the same phila (truncate, notched, etc.) and appear individual often being different. The usual to follow a pattern of reduction similar and maximum number is ten segments, to those found in that genus. In tingi some but as far as known the female of socialis specimens have the wing well developed has only nine segments and the female of except that it is greatly reduced in size, ovipennis eight. Additional specimens of while other specimens show a gradual these two species will probably show that transition in the extent of the apical cut, they are as variable as tingi and testacea, as shown. This same type of gradual as the fusion of the segments involved in reduction is evident in crispata and this reduction is not complete and traces saylori, but the normal wing is not present of the missing segments are often evident. in either of these species. C. mediata has PRONOTTUM.-The side margins undergo also undergone considerable reduction in considerable divergence between species wing size, and most of the veins that usually in the angulation of the anterior angles extend to the margin are lost. In contrast and of the side margins. The punctation with this species, bowlesi has the wing re- of the disk is also of great value, as regards duced in size, but most of the veins are both the placement and the size of the still evident. C. parvula, socialis and punctures. ovatis appear to be the most advanced SCUTELLUM.-In some species that have stage in the cut type of reduction, whereas undergone wing reduction there is also a stohleri, globosa and clementina, although modification in the shape of the scutellum, questionable, might be the most advanced that is, in the relationship between its stage in the gradual over-all reduction. length and breadth, and in the shape of Additional species or populations will the side margins. probably show many of the transitional ELYTRA.-These are of considerable steps between the stages shown in this importance, as they are greatly modified paper. in species with reduced wings and have the METASTERNUM.-This character may advantage of being readily accessible for be used as are the elytral shape and examination. The size of the humeral humeral umbone in detecting the reduction umbone is a fairly accurate indicator of the of the metathoracic wings. As the wings extent of the metathoracic wing reduction. become reduced this sclerite also reduces The reduction in the size of the umbone in size, especially in length. Its length and the narrowing at the base give the used in relation to the width of the hind elytra a subglobular appearance, which coxal plates (which are relatively uniform indicates that changes in the metathoracic in width throughout the genus) forms an wing have taken place. The punctation excellent character for differentiating the of the elytral disk is also of some use in highly specialized and more generalized separating populations. members of the genus. METATHORACIC WINGS.-One of the GENITALIA.-Unfortunately little aid most interesting as well as fundamental in classification can be obtained by using 10 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITA TES [No. 1239 these structures. The differences, when in conjunction with differences in color and present, are very slight even between very structure of elypeus, pronotum and elytra. distinct sympatric species, and even then COLOR.-Color may be used in the the individual variation is sufficiently general segregation of the testaceous species great to render the genitalia practically from the brown or piceous ones, and the useless for classification purposes. mottled from the unmottled testaceous PILOSITY.-The amount of pile present populations. Care must be used, however, on certain structures is a feature of con- as there is considerable individual varia- siderable value in segregating groups of tion, especially in the darker species, and allied species, even though there is con- the age of the specimen often influences its siderable variation, and mechanical injury color. C. stohleri can, however, be sepa- sometimes makes it difficult to interpret. rated from all other species by its black It can, however, be used advantageously color.

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF Coenonycha 1. Metathoracic wings fully developed; metasternum, at narrowest point between middle and hind coxae, distinctly longer than the width of the hind coxal plates

.....12...... 12 Metathoracic: wings.. reduced in size and shape; metasternum, at narrowest point between middle and hind coxae, shorter than or subequal to the width of the hind coxal plates...... 2. 2. Head and pronotum densely pilose throughout...... parvula. Head and pronotum glabrous or very sparsely pilose laterally...... 3. 3. Elytra with surface between punctures alutaceous throughout, opaque...... 4. Elytra with surface between punctures (if evident) smooth, shining or with only the depressed areas faintly alutaceous...... 5. 4. Pronotum with side margins markedly sinuate before apex; females larger in size than males and with nine-segmented antennae; Guadalupe Island...... socialis. Pronotum with side margins straight or scarcely sinuate before apex; females equal in size to males and with ten-segmented antennae; San Clemente Island......

...... : .... clementina. 5. (3) Scutellum broader than long, side margins subparallel to apical third, apical margin evenly rounded, not pointed...... globosa. Scutellum longer than broad, side margins evenly rounded to the bluntly pointed apex...... 6. 6. Elytra with punctures obscure, disk with rugose area; color black ...... stohleri. Elytra with punctures distinct, disk without rugose area; color testaceous or dark brown...... 7, 7. Anterior elypeal angles dentate; s;ide margins of pronotum subangulate medially, rather strongly converging anteriorly ...... 8. Anterior elypeal angles evenly rounded; side margins of pronotum evenly, obtusely rounded, not strongly converging anteriorly...... 10l 8. Metathoracie wings without expanded anal membrane, anal veins repTesented only as basal vestiges (Fig. 3); elytra subovate ...... ovatis. Metathoracie wings with expanded anal membrane, anal veins represented by well- developed 2dA and 3dA (Fig. 3); elytra elongate ...... 9. 9. Pronotum with punctures large, separated by about their own widths on the disk; color dark brown...... tingi. Pronotum with punctures small, separated by about twice their own widths on the disk; color testaceous...... ccrispata. 1943] REVISION OF THE GENUS COENONYCHA ill

10. (7) Elytra moderately pilose; metathoracic wings reduced to narrow vestiges, lacking anal area...... ovipennis.' Elytra sparsely pilose; metathoracic wings reduced but with a distinct anal area which has two or three veins...... 11. 11. Metathoracic wings with apical portion of remigium reduced abruptly and transversely at or slightly beyond stigmal area; basal portions of either R3 or M evident (Fig. 3); clypeal suture distinct throughout; elytra subovate ..... saylori. Metathoracic wings with apical portion of remigium normal in shape but reduced in size, not abruptly and transversely cut; R3 and Ml not present (Fig. 3); clypeal suture obscured medially by dense deep punctation; elytra elongate ..... mediata. 12. (1) Anterior clypeal margin more widely reflexed than side margins, edge of anterior margin not continuing on the same level as edge of side margins, abruptly elevated at angles...... 16. Anterior reflexed clypeal margin equal in width to or less than width of side clypeal margins, edge of anterior margin continuing on same level as edge of side margins or depressed below level of side margins, at most, slightly elevated at angles. . 13. 13. Front of head, clypeus and entire dorsal pronotal surface pilose ...... clypeata. Front of head, clypeus and dorsal pronotal surface subglabrous, pile confined to lateral portions when present...... 14. 14. Pronotum with discal punctures large, separated by about twice their own widths; anterior pronotal angles sharply produced forward; elytra clothed with long erect hair...... rubida. Pronotum with discal punctures small, separated by about three to four times their own widths; anterior pronotal angles not produced forward; elytra glabrous or clothed with short, recumbent hair...... 15. 15. Anterior clypeal margin deeply emarginate medially; color usually dark brown to piceous ...... fusca. Anterior clypeal margin not emarginate medially; color dark testaceous ... utahensis. 16. (12) Dorsal surface entirely or in greater part testaceous (generally pale testaceous) ...... 17. Dorsal surface entirely or in greater part reddish brown to piceous...... 22. 17. Upper surface uniformly pale testaceous...... 18.

Upper surface with piceous areas interspersed .. 20. 18. Clypeal suture obscured medially by dense punctation; side pronotal margins obtusely angulate medially...... bowlesi. Clypeal suture distinct; side pronotal margins obtusely rounded, not angulate as above...... 19. 19. Pronotum with side margins straight behind middle, narrowly converging to base; elytral costae usually obscure; elytra proportionally long...... lurida. Pronotum with side margins evenly rounded behind middle; elytral costae usually well defined; elytra not unusually long...... pallida. 20. (17) Anterior third of clypeal surface (exclusive of reflexed portion) smooth or alutaceous, punctate but not rugose ...... 21. Anterior third of clypeal surface rugose at middle ...... testacea. 21. Elytral costae absent; anterior third of clypeal surface (exclusive of reflexed portion) punctate and generally alutaceous ...... barri. Elytral costae present; anterior third of clypeal surface (exclusive of reflexed portion) smooth, shining ...... rotundata. 22. (16) Elytra rather densely clothed with long pile ...... 23. Elytra sparsely clothed with short pile ...... 26. 23. Anterior pronotal margin abruptly angulate forward at about lateral third .... acuta.

' The placement of this species is made only with the aid of notes made on the type in 1938 and with the original description. It is apparently known only from the single type specimen. 412 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES [No. 1239

Anterior pronotal margin evenly rounded laterally, angles not greatly produced forward.., ...... 24. 24. Pronotum with side margins obtusely angulate at middle; pronotum and elytra

dark brown...... 25. Pronotum with side margins evenly rounded at middle; light reddish brown throughout...... fulva. 25. Clypeus strongly constricted anteriorly; pronotum with discal punctures separated by about their own widths...... scotti. Clypeus only slightly constricted anteriorly; pronotum with discal punctures separated by twice or more than twice their own widths ...... hageni. 26. (22) Color light reddish brown...... 28. Color dark brown...... 27. 27. Clypeus about one-third wider than long; labrum punctate, not granulate; medium sized, 6.0 to 8.5 mm. long; host Adenostomafasciculatum ...... fuga. Clypeus about one-half wider than long; labrum punctate and granulate; large in size, 9.0 to 12.0 mm. long; host Juniperus californicus ...... ampla. 28. (26) Clypeal suture rather deeply emarginate and evident medially ...... purshiae.

Clypeal suture shallowly emarginate and obscure medially ...... fulva.

DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES Coenonycha fuga Cazier, new species The types and paratopotypic series were Medium sized, narrow; uniformly piceous taken at night on Adenostoma fasciculatum throughout; metathoracie wings fully developed. H. and A. Two hundred and fifty para- MALE.-Head with impunctate area on vertex; topotypes collected by W. F. Barr, K. S. front densely punctate, punctures separated by Hagen and R. G. Dahl are deposited in about one-fourth their own widths above, their collections and in those of A. T. coalescent below; clypeus with side margins narrowly reflexed, anterior margin widely re- McClay, David Rockefeller, L. W. Saylor, flexed and shallowly bisinuate, angles scarcely 0. L. Cartwright and The American dentiform, surface rugosely granulate, clypeal Museum of Natural History. Six para- suture deeply arcuately emarginate toward types taken on Mt. Diablo, Contra Costa base at middle; antennae ten-segmented. Pronotum widest at middle; side margins County, California, April 4, 1937, by B. E. evenly obtusely rounded to base, straight and White and M. A. Cazier, are in the col- gradually convergent anteriorly; anterior angles lections of A. T. McClay and The American acute, not sharply produced; surface smooth, Museum of Natural History. Seven para- shining, punctures small, sparse, separated by about two to three times their own widths on types from Mt. Diablo, Contra Costa the disk. Elytra with side margins subparallel; County, California, May 8, 1934 (L. W. humeral umbones prominent; costae evident; Saylor), are deposited in the collections surface with minute alutaceous sculpturing, of L. W. Saylor and The American Museum punctures large, irregularly placed, separated of Natural Two paratypes from on disk by about their own widths, each puncture History. giving rise to a short pale hair. Venter sparsely Mt. St. Helena, Napa County, California, pilose, punctures small and sparsely placed; April 11, 1940 (E. C. Johnston), are de- metasternum at narrowest point between posited in the collections of Ernest Shoe- coxae longer than width of hind coxal plates; tarsal claws shallowly cleft subapically. Length, maker and The American Museum of 8.4 mm.; width, 3.9 mm. Natural History. FEMALE.-Similar to male but more robust This species appears to be most closely and with the pronotal punctures slightly larger. allied to C. tingi but can be distinguished Length, 8.8 mm.; width, 4.0 mm. by its smaller and less densely placed TYPE MATERIAL.-Holotype male and pronotal punctures and by its fully de- allotype female in the collection of The veloped metathoracic wings. From C. American Museum of Natural History, ampla it is separable by its elongate taken in Oakland Hills, Alameda County, clypeus, ungranulate labrum and by its California, March 3, 1940, by R. G. Dahl. smaller size. REVISION OF THE GENUS COENONYCHA 13

Coenonycha tingi Cazier This species is most closely related to Coenonycha tingi CAZIER, 1937, Bull. So. C. fuga but can be distinguished from that Calif. Acad. Sci., XXXVI, pp. 126-127. species by its more densely punctate pro- Medium sized, short, robust; dark brown notum and reduced metathoracic wings. to piceous; metathoracic wings reduced, From C. rotundata it differs in its wider, remigium of normal shape or reduced by differently shaped and more densely punc- transverse cuts (Fig. 3). tate pronotum, and reduced metathoracic MALE.-Head with small area on vertex wings. impunctate; front densely punctate, punctures separated by abotit one-fifth their Coenonycha purshiae Cazier, new species own widths above, cribrate and coalescent Medium sized; head and pronotum light reddish brown; elytra, undersurface and legs below; clypeus with side margins promi- testaceous; metathoracic wings fully developed. nently reflexed, anterior margin more MALE.-Head with vertex partially smooth; widely reflexed, shallowly bisinuate, an- front irregularly, shallowly punctate, punctures terior angles markedly dentiform, surface coalescent below, separated by about one-third su- their own widths above; clypeus with side shallowly cribrately punctate, clypeal margins shallowly reflexed, front margin promi- ture feebly emarginate medially; antennae nently reflexed, angles dentiform, front margin ten-segmented. Pronotum widest at sinuate medially, surface with large shallow middle; side margins subangulate medially, punctures coalescent, centers of pits visible, sinuate elypeal suture visible throughout, strongly evenly rounded behind, shallowly curved toward base medially; antennae ten- and gradually convergent anteriorly; an- segmented, club not so long as the six funicular terior angles prominently produced for- segments combined; maxillary palpi with ward; surface smooth, shining, punctures terminal segment as long as last antennal seg- dense, by about their ment. Pronotum sparsely clothed with short large, separated yellow pile; narrower than elytra; widest at own widths on disk, each puncture giving middle; sides evenly rounded to base, obtusely rise to a short pale hair. Elytra widest angulate medially, narrowly constricted an- at apical third, side margins evenly teriorly, anterior angles acute; surface shining, rounded; humeral umbones reduced but punctures small, separated on disk by about their own widths, more dense laterally, median prominent; costae scarcely evident; sur- longitudinal impression faintly indicated. Elytra face with minute alutaceous sculpturing sparsely clothed with short yellow pile; sides in depressions, punctures irregular, sepa- subparallel, scarcely wider at apical third; rated by about their own widths, each humeral umbones prominent, impunctate; surface with costae only faintly indicated, not puncture giving rise to a short pale hair. elevated, intercostal areas of disk with punctures Venter sparsely pilose and punctate; separated by about twice their own widths. metasternum at narrowest point between Venter sparsely clothed with short yellow pile; coxae barely longer than or equal to the metasternum at narrowest point between coxae longer than width of hind coxal plates; tarsal width of hind coxal plates; tarsal claws claws shallowly cleft subapically. Length, 8.5 shallowly cleft subapically. Length, 7.5 mm.; width, 3.9 mm. mm.; width, 3.5 mm. FEMALE-Similar to the male but more FEMALE.-Similar to the male but robust; front margin of clypeus less deeply sinuate; front angles of pronotum not so acute slightly larger and more robust. Length, or produced; pronotal surface less densely 9.2 mm.; width, 4.1 mm. punctate, punctures separated by about twice TYPE LoCALITY.-Napa, Napa County, their own widths; elytra with costae somewhat California, March 30, 1937 (H. B. Leech, elevated. Length, 9.0 mm.; width, 4.3 mm. M. A. Cazier). Specimens were collected TYPE MATERIAL.-Holotype male and on Adenostoma fasciculatum H. and A. at allotype female in the collection of The night. The first adult specimen and American Museum of Natural History, larvae were taken at the type locality taken at Cedarville, Modoc County, during the day on the roots of the above- California, May 30, 1939, by P. C. Ting, menitioned plant by P. C. Ting. J. A. Downies, T. H. G. Aitken and M. A. The only other known locality for this Cazier. All specimens were collected by species is Eldridge, Sonoma County, beating Purshia tridentata D. C. at night. California, March 28, 1915 (J. A. Kusche). Ten paratopotypes are in the collection of 14 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES [No. 1239

The American Museum of Natural His- reflexed, anterior margin more widely reflexed, paratypes col- anterior angles scarcely dentiform, anterior tory. Seventy designated margin shallowly sinuate, surface with large lected at Gardnerville, Douglas County, punctures coalescent, clypeal suture prominent, Nevada, May 28, 1939, by the same collec- obtusely sinuate posteriorly at middle; antennae tors as above are deposited in the collections ten-segmented, club as long as six funicular of T. David Rockefeller, 0. L. segments combined. Pronotum widest at middle; A. McClay, sides evenly arcuately rounded behind, shallowly Cartwright, L. W. Saylor, M. W. Sander- sinuate and gradually converging in front; son, United States National Museum, anterior angles acute, prominent; surface California Academy of Sciences and The sparsely clothed with short brownish pile, American Museum of Natural History. punctures small, sparse, separated on disk by about twice their own widths, more dense Additional specimens studied came from laterally. Elytra with side margins subparallel, The Dalles, Wasco County, Oregon, April abruptly rounded apically; humeral umbones 28, 1926; Medford, Jackson County, prominent; surface minutely alutaceous, costae Oregon, April 7, 1933; Kamiak Mountain, evident, irregular punctures on disk separated by about their own widths, each puncture giviiig Washington, April 13-19, 1935 (I. W. rise to a short brown hair. Venter sparsely Bales); Yakima, Yakima County, Wash- clothed with short yellow pile; metasternum at ington, May 15, 1931 (A. R. Rolfs); Pull- narrowest point between coxae longer than width man, Whitman County, Washington, April of hind coxal plates; tarsal claws shallowly cleft subapically. Length, 10.1 mm.; width, 13, 1899 (C. V. Piper); Reno, Washoe 4.0 mm. County, Nevada, January, 1940 (Ira La FEMALE.-Similar to the male but differing Rivers); Horse Camp, Modoc County, by being more robust, less pilose, and by having California, July 1, 1934 (J. T. Howell); the anterior pronotal angles at sides straight Gowmez, Lassen County, California, May, rather than sinuate. Length, 10.1 mm.; width, 1916 (H. C. Muzzall). 4.9 mm. This fully winged species can be dis- TYPE MATERIAL.-Holotype male and tinguished from C. fuga by the less reflexed allotype female in the collection of The side clypeal margins, the more deeply American Museum of Natural History, sinuate anterior clypeal margin, smaller taken at Coalinga, Fresno County, Cali- pronotal punctures, lighter color and larger fornia, May 14, 1938, by J. J. duBois, size. From C. testacea it can be dis- K. L. Maehler and M. A. Cazier. All tinguished by its larger size, darker color, specimens were collected by beating shallowly reflexed side clypeal margins, by Juniperus californicus Carr. at night. its dentiform front clypeal angles and by Fifteen paratopotypes are deposited in the the more prominent posterior medial collections of A. T. McClay, David Rocke- emargination of the clypeal suture. C. feller, L. W. Saylor, 0. L. Cartwright, purshiae can be distinguished from C. M. W. Sanderson, California Academy of rotundata by the larger and more densely Sciences and The American Museum of placed pronotal punctures, more obtusely Natural History. Two hundred and angulate side pronotal margins, by its thirty-six paratopotypes collected by R. larger size, darker color and by its shallowly G. Dahl, K. S. Hagen, E. Hagen and W. reflexed side clypeal margins. It is prob- F. Barr deposited in their collections and ably most closely allied to C. fusca from in those of A. T. McClay and The American which it can be distinguished by its Museum of Natural History. One para- angulate clypeal angles, produced anterior type from Wartham Canyon, Fresno pronotal angles and larger size. County, California, April 2, 1938 (J. E. Blum) in Mr. Blum's collection. Twelve Coenonycha ampla Cazier, new species paratypes from Simmler, San Luis Obispo March 1940 Large, robust; uniformly dark brown through- County, California, 22, (J. out; sparsely pilose throughout; metathoracic W. Tilden, G. S. Mansfield) in the collec- wings fully developed. tions of J. W. Tilden and The American MALE.-Head with smooth area on vertex; Museum of Natural History. front with large punctures separated by about to be most one-half their own widths above, nearly coa- This species appears closely lescent below; elypeus with side margins strongly allied to C. purshiae but can be readily 1943] REVISION OF THE GENUS COENONYCHA 1.5 distinguished by its larger size, more deposited in their collections and in those abruptly reflexed side clypeal margins, less of A. T. McClay and The American densely punctate pronotum and by the Museum of Natural History. alutaceous elytral sculpturing. From C. The describer is pleased to name this tingi it can be distinguished by its large species in honor of K. S. Hagen who con- size, by the sparse pronotal punctation and tributed many of the specimens used for by the granulate labrum. study. C. hageni appears to be most closely Coenonycha hageni Cazier, new species related to acuta but can be distinguished Medium sized; pronotum and elytra piceous; by its longer elytral pile, less acutely front of head, clypeus and undersurface testa- produced anterior clypeal and pronotal ceous; rather densely pilose throughout; meta- angles and by its more deeply emarginate thoracic wings fully developed. clypeal suture. From C. fulva it can be MALE.-Head with small smooth area on vertex; front densely punctate, punctures separated by its larger size, darker color, separated by about one-third their own widths more densely punctate head and less above, below coalescent and irregular; clypeus acutely produced anterior pronotal angles. with side margins prominently reflexed, front margin much more widely reflexed, shallowly sinuate medially, angles obtusely dentiform, Coenonycha acuta Cazier, new species surface with punctures coalescent, only faintly Medium sized; elytra piceous; pronotum, indicated, clypeal suture posteriorly emarginate head and undersurface reddish brown; moder- medially; antennae ten-segmented, club almost ately clothed throughout with long yellowish as long as six funicular segments combined. pile; metathoracic wings fully developed. Pronotum widest at middle; side margins MALE.-Head with small smooth area on evenly obtusely rounded at base, gradually vertex; front densely punctate, punctures converging to apex; anterior angles acute; separated above by about one-fourth their own surface clothed with rather long yellowish pile, widths, coalescent below; clypeus with side punctures on disk separated by about one and margins prominently reflexed, anterior margin one-half times their own widths, more dense more strongly reflexed, shallowly sinuate, laterally. Elytra shining; side margins sub- anterior angles acutely dentiform, surface parallel; humeral umbones prominent; surface obscurely punctate, clypeal suture evidenit with costae faint, rather densely clothed with throughout, shallowly emarginate medially. long yellowish pile, punctures on disk separated Pronotum widest at middle; side margins evenly by about their own widths. Venter moderately rounded to base, converging anteriorly, shallowly pilose, metasternum at narrowest point between emarginate; anterior angles acute, prolonged coxae longer than width of hind coxal plates; forward; surface with punctires on disk sepa- tarsal claws shallowly cleft subapically. Length, rated by about twice their own widths. Elytra 9.0 mm.; width, 3.8 mm. with side margins subparallel, abruptly rounded FEMALE.-Similar to the male but with front to apex; humeral umbones prominent; surface margin of clypeus not so widely reflexed, with costae faintly evident, punctures on disk pronotum more convex and the pronotal punc- separated by about their own widths. Venter tures larger. Length, 9.0 mm.; width, 4.0 mm. moderately pilose; metasternum at narrowest point between coxae longer than width of hind TYPE MATERIAL.-Holotype male and coxal plates; tarsal claws shallowly cleft sub- allotype female in the collection of The apically. Length, 8.0 mm.; width, 3.8 mm. American Museum of Natural History, FEMALE.-Unknown. taken at Coalinga, Fresno County, Cali- TYPE MATERIAL.-Holotype male in fornia, May 14, 1938 (J. J. duBois, K. L. the collection of the California Academy Maehler, M. A. Cazier). All specimens of Sciences, taken at Pinon Flat, San were collected at night on Eriogonum Jacinto Mountains, Riverside County, fasciculatum Benth. Twenty-two desig- California, May 27, 1939 (E. S. Ross). nated paratopotypes deposited in the The type was collected on Ribbon Wood collections of A. T. McClay, David Rocke- (Adenostoma sparsifolium Torr.) at night. feller, 0. L. Cartwright, L. W. Saylor, One male paratopotype taken May 21, M. W. Sanderson, California Academy of 1940, in the collection of The American Sciences and The American Museum of Museum of Natural History. Natural History. One hundred and six This species is apparently most closely paratopotypes collected by R. G. Dahl, allied to C. hageni but can be distinguished K. S. Hagen, E. Hagen and W. F. Barr from this species by its more abruptly 16 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES [NAio. 1239

reflexed anterior clypeal margin, by the wings and more widely reflexed anterior acute anterior angles of the clypeus and clypeal margin. It is only distantly by the more acute and produced anterior related to C. rotundata, which also occurs pronotal angles. in San Diego County, and can be separated from that species by its reduced Coenonycha parvula Fall metathoracic wings, more widely reflexed Coenonycha parvula FALL, 1901, Trans. Amer. clypeal margins, longer and more densely Ent. Soc., XXVII, p. 293. placed pile and by its large closely placed Small, subovate; uniformly dark brown pronotal punctures. throughout; metathoracic wings reduced to small narrow vestiges (Fig. 3). Coenonycha socialis Horn MALE.-Head with impunctate area on Coenonycha socialis HORN, G., 1876, Trans. vertex; front densely punctate, punctures Amer. Ent. Soc., V, pp. 192-193; FALL, 1901, coalescent throughout, each puncture giv- Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XXVII, p. 293; CASEY, ing rise to a long testaceous hair; clypeus 1909, Can. Ent., XXXXI, p. 281. with side margins narrowly reflexed and Medium sized, subovate; uniformly constricted anteriorly, anterior margin dark reddish brown; metathoracic wings widely reflexed, shallowly emarginate reduced to short and narrow vestiges medially, anterior angles dentiform, surface (Fig. 3). cribrately punctate, each puncture giving MALE.-Head with impunctate area on rise to a long testaceous hair, clypeal vertex; front densely punctate, punctures suture obscured medially; antennae ten- separated by about one-fifth their own segmented. Pronotum widest at middle; widths above, coalescent below; clypeus side margins evenly obtusely rounded to with side margins prominently reflexed, base, slightly sinuate apically; anterior anterior margin more widely reflexed, angles acute, produced; surface smooth, straight, angles dentiform, surface shal- densely punctate and pilose, punctures lowly rugose and granulate, clypeal suture separated by about their own widths on obscure medially; antennae ten-seg- the disk. Elytra subovate, side margins mented. Pronotum widest at middle; side evenly rounded; humeral umbones re- margins evenly rounded to base, deeply duced, scarcely evident; costae absent; sinuate before apex; anterior angles surface with minute alutaceous sculptur- acute, prominently produced; surface ing, punctures irregular, separated by about smooth, shining, punctures small, sepa- their own widths on disk, each puncture rated by about their own widths on disk. giving rise to a long erect testaceous hair. Elytra subovate with side margins evenly Venter sparsely pilose, punctation sparse; rounded; humeral umbones reduced but metasternum at narrowest point between evident; costae evident; surface opaque, coxae subequal in length to width of hind alutaceous sculpturing throughout, punc- coxal plates; tarsal claws shallowly cleft tures small, separated by about three subapically. Length, 6.8 mm.; width, times their own diameters, each puncture 3.3 mm. giving rise to a short testaceous hair. FEMALE.-Similar to male but some- Venter sparsely pilose, punctation sparse; what larger and more robust. Length, metasternum at narrowest point between 7.1 mm.; width, 3.8 mm. coxae subequal in length to width of hind TYPE LoCALITY.-Poway, San Diego coxal plates; tarsal claws shallowly cleft County, California (F. E. Blaisdell). This subapically. Length, 9.0 mm.; width, species is also known from Pasadena, 4.5 mm. Los Angeles County, California, March 3, FEMALE.-Similar to the male but much 1918 (J. 0. Martin), and from the same longer and more robust; antennae nine- locality by A. Fenyes. segmented. Length, 11.5 mm.; width, This species resembles most closely 6.2 mm. C. tingi but can be distinguished by its TYPE LoCALITY.-Guadalupe Island, longer pile, more reduced metathoracic Mexico (Edward Palmer). 1943] REVISION OF THE GENUS COENONYCHA 17

This species is most closely allied to C. tennae ten-segmented. Pronotum narrow, clementina from San Clemente Island but widest at middle; side margins evenly can be separated from it by its having the rounded to base, obtusely angulate side pronotal margins markedly sinuate medially, shallowly sinuate and convergent before the apex, and by the larger sized anteriorly; anterior angles acute, not female which has nine-segmented antennae. greatly produced; surface smooth, shining, punctures small, sparse, separated by Coenonycha clementina Casey about one and one-half to twice their Coenonycha clementina CASEY, 1909, Can. own widths on the disk, each puncture Ent., XLI, p. 281. giving rise to a short yellowish hair. Medium sized, subovate; uniformly Elytra with side margins subparallel; dark reddish brown; metathoracic wings humeral umbones prominent; costae only reduced to short and narrow vestiges faintly evident; surface without alutaceous (Fig. 3). sculpturing in depressions, punctures irregu- MALE.-Similar to the male of C. lar, separated by about their own socialis Horn except for having the lateral widths on disk, each puncture giving rise pronotal margins less sinuate or straight. to a short pale hair. Venter sparsely Length, 9.0 mm.; width, 4.5 mm. pilose, punctation sparse, each puncture FEMALE.-Similar to the female of C. very small; metasternum at narrowest socialis Horn except for its smaller size, point between coxae distinctly longer ten-segmented antennae, more promi- than width of hind coxal plates; tarsal nently dentate anterior clypeal angles claws shallowly cleft subapically. Length, and by its less sinuate or straight lateral 8.0 mm.; width, 3.5 mm. pronotal margins. Length, 9.0 mm.; FEMALE.-Similar to male but more width, 4.5 mm. robust. Length, 8.0 mm.; width, 3.7 mm. TYPE LOCALITY.-San Clemente Island, TYPE LoCALITY.-Vallecitas, San Diego California, May, 1939 (H. K. Raymenton). County, California (female). Male from This species is very closely allied to C. Coronado, San Diego County, California, socialis and may prove to be conspecific collected by H. C. Fall. with it when additional specimens are This species is somewhat like C. clypeata available for study. For comparison, see but can be distinguished from that species discussion given under socialis. by its having the anterior clypeal margin more widely reflexed than the lateral Coenonycha rotundata (Le Conte) margins, by its distinct clypeal suture, Dichelonyx rotundata LE CONTE, 1856, Jour. obtusely angulate side pronotal margins Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, (2) III, p. 281. and smaller sized female. From C. fulva Coenonycha rotundata (Le Conte), HORN, G., 1876, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., V, pp. 192-193; it can be distinguished by its less reflexed FALL, 1901, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XXVII, anterior clypeal margin, larger head punc- p. 293; CAZIER, 1937, Bull. So. Calif. Acad. tures, subangulate lateral pronotal margins Sci., XXXVI, pp. 125-127. and darker color. It appears to be most Medium sized, narrow; dark reddish closely allied to C. testacea from which it brown throughout; metathoracic wings can be separated by its more acutely fully developed. produced clypeal angles, smaller size, MALE.-Head with a small impunctate darker color and smoother clypeal surface. area on vertex; front densely punctate, punctures separated above and below by Coenonycha testacea Cazier about one-third their own widths; clypeus Coenonycha testacea CAZIER, 1939, Bull. So. with side margins weakly reflexed, anterior Calif. Acad. Sci., XXXVI, pp. 127-128. margin more widely reflexed, angles not Medium sized, narrow; head and dentiform, anterior margin straight, sur- pronotum light yellowish brown, elytra face cribrately punctate, clypeal suture testaceous except for suture which in some evident throughout, shallowly arcuately specimens is piceous or brown; meta- emarginate toward base at middle; an- thoracic wings well developed (Fig. 3). 18 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES [No. 1239

MALE.-Head with impunctate area on clypeal angles, rugose clypeal surface, vertex; front densely punctate, punctures more shallowly emarginate clypeal suture separated above by about- one-third their and emarginate anterior clypeal margin. own widths, coalescent below; clypeus with side margins moderately reflexed, Coenonycha pallida Cazier, new species anterior margin more widely reflexed, Medium sized, narrow; uniformly pale yellow throughout; metathoracic wings fully developed. shallowly emarginate medially, anterior MALE.-Head with vertex impunctate; front angles prominent but not dentiform, densely punctate, punctures separated by about surface rugosely punctate, clypeal suture one-third their own widths above, coalescent evident throughout, shallowly arcuately below; clypeus with side margins prominently antennae reflexed, anterior margin more widely reflexed, emarginate medially; ten-seg- angles scarcely dentiform, anterior margin mented. Pronotum widest at middle; side nearly straight, surface with punctation obscure, margins evenly rounded behind, slightly clypeal suture shallowly arcuately emarginate angulate medially, straight and gradually toward base at middle; antennae ten-segmented convergent anteriorly; anterior angles (club lacking). Pronotum widest at middle; side margins evenly obtusely rounded to base, acute, not greatly produced; surface straight and gradually convergent anteriorly; smooth, shining, glabrous, punctures small, anterior angles obtuse, not sharply produced; sparse, separated by from two to three surface smooth, glabrous, shining, punctures times their own widths on the disk. Elytra small, sparse, separated by about three times their own widths on the disk. Elytra with side with side margins subparallel; humeral margins subparallel; humeral umbones promi- umbones prominent; costae not evident; nent; costae evident; surface with minute surface without alutaceous sculpturing in alutaceous sculpturing, punctures irregular, depressions, punctures irregular, sepa- separated by about their own widths, each puncture giving rise to a short pale hair. Venter rated by about twice their own widths, sparsely pilose, punctation sparse, each puncture each puncture giving rise to a short pale very small; metasternum at narrowest point hair. Venter sparsely pilose, punctation between coxae longer than width of hind coxal sparse; metasternum at narrowest point plates; tarsal claws shallowly cleft subapically. Length, 8.5 mm.; width, 3.8 mm. between coxae distinctly longer than FEMALE.-Similar to male but more robust, width of hind coxal plates; tarsal claws clypeal margins not so abruptly reflexed and the shallowly cleft subapically. Length, 8.0 punctation more dense. Length, 10.1 mm.; mm.; width, 3.0 mm. width, 4.8 mm. FEMALE.-Similar to male but slightly TYPE MATERIAL.-Holotype male taken larger and more robust. Length, 9.0 mm.; at Baker, San Bernardino County, Cali- width, 4.0 mm. fornia, March 27, 1935 (M. A. Cazier), TYPE LoCALITY.-Clear Creek, Cuyama and allotype female taken at same locality, Canyon, Santa Barbara County, Cali- April 30, 1937 (M. A. Cazier) in the collec- fornia, March 7, 1937 (E. S. Ross, H. B. tion of The American Museum of Natural Leech, M. A. Cazier). All specimens were History. Two designated paratopotypes, collected on Eriogonumfasciculatum Benth. one each in the collections of L. W. Saylor at night. and A. T. McClay. Two paratypes from This species is now known from localities Inyokern, Kern County, California, March in Monterey, San Luis Obispo, Santa 14, 1941 (T. H. G. Aitken) in The Ameri- Barbara, Kern, San Bernardino and can Museum of Natural History. The Orange counties, California. Specimens of holotype and two paratypes were collected this species were collected three miles east at lights at night. The allotype was of Isabella, Kern County, California, collected by beating Artemesia sp. at night. April 2,1942 (W. F. Barr, W. E. Ferguson) This species can be distinguished from on Chrysothamnus nauseosus. the preceding fully winged species by its Coenonycha testacea is most generally uniform pale yellow color and sparse punc- confused with C. rotundata but can easily tation. C. pallida is apparently most be separated by its testaceous color and closely allied to C. lurida but can be dis- the rugose clypeal surface. It can be tinguished by its more prominent front separated from C. barri by its less dentate clypeal margin, by its more strongly 19431 REVISION OF THE GENUS COENONYCHA 19 emarginate clypeal suture, by its less by its deep continuous clypeal suture, by angulate side pronotal margins, by the the more widely reflexed front clypeal more prominent elytral costae and by its margin, by the presence of faint elytral proportionately much shorter elytra. From costae and by the less angulate side pro- C. bowlesi it is distinguishable by its more notal margins. It can be separated from sharply and broadly reflexed clypeal C. pallida, to which it appears to be most margins, by its less angulate pronotal side closely related, by the narrow front of the margins, by its larger size and more head and clypeus and by the evenly elongate shape. rounded anterior clypeal angles. Coenonycha lurida Cazier, new species Coenonycha barri Cazier, new species Medium sized, elongate, narrow; uniformly pale yellow throughout; metathoracic wings Medium sized; head and pronotum yellowish fully developed. brown, elytra with suture and base fuscous, MALE.-Head with smooth area on vertex; remainder testaceous; metathoracic wings fully front densely punctate, punctures above sepa- developed; elytra sparsely clothed with short rated by about one-fourth their own widths, yellow pile. below coalescent; clypeus with side margins MALE.-Head punctate throughout; front narrowly reflexed, front margin more widely with punctures irregular, separated above by reflexed, anterior angles evenly rounded, not about one-third their own widths, coalescent dentate, front margin not sinuate, surface with below; clypeus with side margins narrowly punctures confused, clypeal suture deep, reflexed, anterior margin more widely reflexed, shallowly emarginate medially; antennae ten- shallowly sinuate medially, anterior angles segmented, club as long as six funicular seg- obtusely dentate, surface irregularly punctate, ments combined. Pronotum widest at middle, punctures distinct only at base, clypeal suture side margins obtusely rounded to base, sub- rather deeply emarginate medially, distinct parallel and convergent anteriorly, anterior throughout; antennae ten-segmented. Prono- angles not produced; surface glabrous, punc- tum widest at middle; side margins converging tures small, separated on disk by about two or posteriorly to obtusely rounded hind angles, three times their own widths, median longi- narrowly converging to anterior angles; anterior tudinal furrow shallow. Elytra unusually long, angles not greatly produced; surface nearly sides subparallel; humeral umbones prominent; glabrous, punctures on disk separated by about surface with costae faintly indicated, punctures one and one-half times their own widths. Elytra on disk separated by about twice their own with sides subparallel; humeral umbones promi- widths, sparsely clothed with short yellow pile. nent; surface without costae, punctures on Venter sparsely clothed with yellow pile; meta- disk separated by about twice their own widths. sternum at narrowest point between coxae Venter with metasternum at narrowest point longer than width of hind coxal plates; tarsal between coxae longer than width of posterior claws shallowly cleft subapically. Length, 9.0 coxal plates; tarsal claws shallowly cleft sub- mm.; width, 3.8 mm. apically. Length, 8.0 mm.; width, 3.8 mm. FEMALE.-Unknown. FEMALE.-Similar to the male but with metathoracic wings slightly shorter, base and TYPE MATERIAL.-Holotype male in the suture of elytra with less fuscous areas and with collection of the Los Angeles Museum, entire body more robust. Length, 8.5 mm.; taken in San Felipe Narrows, San Diego width, 4.1 mm. County, California, February 11, 1937 TYPE MATERIAL.-Holotype male and (G. Willett). One paratopotype in the allotype female in the collection of The collection of A. T. McClay and one in American Museum of Natural History, The American Museum of Natural His- taken at McKittrick, Kern County, Cali- tory. Two paratypes from San Felipe fornia, March 21, 1940, by W. F. Barr, Wash (east end), San Diego County, after whom the describer takes pleasure in California, February 19, 1937, in the naming the species. One hundred and collection of the Los Angeles Museum. ninety-three designated paratopotypes col- The writers are indebted to Dr. D. W. lected by R. G. Dahl, K. S. Hagen, E. Pierce for the privilege of studying and Hagen and W. F. Barr are deposited in making known this distinct species. their collections and in those of A. T. Coenonycha lurida can be distinguished McClay, David Rockefeller and The from all other species in the genus by its American Museum of Natural History. unusually long and narrow elytra. From All specimens were collected on Atriplex C. bowlesi it can be further distinguished spinifera Macb. at night. 20 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES [No. 1239

Coenonycha barri is most closely allied County, California, May, 1921 (Van Dyke to C. crispata but can be distinguished collection). from that species by its fully developed The describer takes pleasure in naming metathoracic wings, darker color and this species after Lawrence W. Saylor shorter elytral pile. It can be dis- who made available much material from tinguished from C. ovatis by its darker his extensive collection. color (generally), by the presence of long Coenonycha saylori is most closely allied metathoracic wings, by the more widely to C. crispata but can be readily dis- rounded side clypeal margins and by the tinguished by its more widely reflexed less densely punctate elytra. Although anterior clypeal margin, scarcely dentate C. barri superficially resembles C. testacea, clypeal angles and evenly rounded lateral it can be distinguished by its longer pronotal margins. From C. ovatis it can clypeus, dentiform anterior clypeal angles, be distinguished by its more widely deeply emarginate clypeal suture, less reflexed anterior clypeal margin, scarcely dense punctation of pronotum and more dentate clypeal angles and by the much angulate side pronotal margins. less reduced metathoracic wings. From C. bowlesi it can be separated by its more Coenonycha saylori Cazier, new species widely reflexed anterior clypeal margin, Medium sized, subovate; testaceous through- evenly rounded lateral pronotal margins, out; metathoracic wings reduced, remigium by its abruptly cut metathoracic wings cut transversely just beyond stignmal area, basal and its more robust form. It can be portions of R3 and M1 evident (Fig. 3). separated from C. mediata by its abruptly MALE.-Head with impunctate area on reduced metathoracic wings, distinct vertex; front densely punctate, punctures separated by about one-third their own widths; clypeal suture and subovate form. elypeus with side margins prominently reflexed, reflexed portion increasing in width from base Coenonycha bowlesi Cazier, new species to apex, anterior margin more widely reflexed, shallowly emarginate, angles scarcely dentiform, Medium sized, rather robust; uniformly pale surface rugosely punctate basally, apical half yellow throughout; metathoracic wings some- smooth, nearly impunctate, elypeal suture what reduced in size (Fig. 3). deeply arcuately emarginate toward base at MALE.-Head with small, smooth, impunctate middle; antennae ten-segmented. Pronotum area on vertex; front deeply punctate, punctures widest at middle; side margins evenly obtusely above separated by about one-fourth their own rounded to base, straight and gradually con- widths, below irregularly coalescent; clypeus vergent anteriorly, anterior angles acute, not with side margins shallowly reflexed, front mar- sharply produced; surface smooth, glabrous, gins slightly more widely reflexed, angles shal- shining, punctures small, sparse, separated by lowly dentate, anterior margin nearly straight, about twice their own widths on disk. Elytra surface with punctures obscure except along with side margins evenly rounded; humeral elypeal suture, elypeal suture obscure medially; umbones evident but reduced; costae absent; antennae nine-segmented, club about as long as surface with minute alutaceous sculpturing, the five funicular segments combined. Prono- punctures irregular, separated by about their tum widest at middle; side margins evenly own widths, each puncture giving rise to a short rounded basally from strongly rounded median pale hair. Venter sparsely pilose, punctation portion, anteriorly strongly convergent, shal- sparse, each puncture very small; metasternum lowly sinuate before angles; anterior angles ob- at narrowest point between coxae subequal in tuse, not produced; anterior margin depressed; length to width of hind coxal plates; tarsal surface glabrous, strongly convex, punctures claws shallowly cleft subapically. Length, 8.0 small, separated by about their own widths on nmm.; width, 4.0 mm. disk. Elytra widest at about apical third; hum- FEMALE.-Similar to male but more robust eral umbones slightly reduced; surface with and with the clypeal margins less reflexed. minute alutaceous sculpturing, costae absent, Length, 9.0 mm.; width, 5.0 mm. punctures separated by about twice their own widths on disk, entire surface sparsely clothed TYPE MATERIAL.-Holotype male in with short yellowish pile. Venter sparsely punc- the collection of The American Museum tate and clothed with long yellow pile; meta- of Natural History, taken in Fresno sternum at narrowest point between coxae longer than width of hind coxal plates; tarsal claws County, California, May. Allotype fe- shallowly cleft subapically. Length, 7.5 mm.; male in the collection of the California width, 3.5 mm. Academy of Sciences, taken in Fresno FEMALE.-Similar to the male but much more 19431 REVISION OF THE GENUS COENONYCHA 21 robust, with the hind wings somewhat more parallel; humeral umbones evident but reduced reduced, the clypeal suture depressed, clypeal in size; surface with minute alutaceous sculptur- surface elevated above that of front and the elytra ing in impressions, punctures irregular, separated without the alutaceous sculpturing. Length, on the disk by about twice their own widths, 8.3 mm.; width, 4 mm. each puncture giving rise to a short pale hair. Venter sparsely pilose, punctures small and TYPE MATERIAL.-Holotype male and sparse; metasternum at narrowest point be- allotype female in the collection of The tween coxae only slightly longer than width of American Museum of Natural History, hind coxal plates; tarsal claws shallowly cleft taken at Benton, Mono County, Cali- subapically. Length, 8.2 mm.; width, 3.8 mm. fornia, June 30, 1938 (C. W. Bowles and FEMALE.-Similar to the male but more J. W. Tilden). Eighty designated parato- robust. Length, 9.1 mm.; width, 4.6 mm. potypes deposited in the collections of J. TYPE MATERIAL.-Holotype male and W. Tilden, J. J. duBois, A. T. McClay, allotype female in the collection of The David Rockefeller, L. W. Saylor, 0. L. American Museum of Natural History, Cartwright, M. W. Sanderson, California taken one mile west of Walker Pass, Kern Academy of Sciences and The American County, California, April 2, 1942, by W. F. Museum of Natural History. Barr. Two hundred and eighty-eight It is with pleasure that this species is paratopotypes collected by W. F. Barr, named in honor of Mr. C. W. Bowles who K. S. Hagen, T. Aarons and W. F. Ferguson made its collection possible. Thanks are deposited in their collections and in those also due J. J. duBois and J. W. Tilden of L. W. Saylor, A. T. McClay, David who gave the specimens to the writers. Rockefeller, 0. L. Cartwright and The This species is most closely allied to American Museum of Natural History. C. mediata but can be separated from that All specimens were collected on Artemesia species by its elevated anterior clypeal sp. angles, less acutely produced anterior This species is easily confused with C. pronotal angles and by the presence of a saylori but can be separated from that number of well-developed veins that extend species by its convex anterior clypeal to the metathoracic wing margin (Fig. 3). margin, less widely reflexed clypeal mar- From C. pallida it can be distinguished by gins, indistinct clypeal suture, elongate its less sharply and broadly reflected and parallel form, sharply produced an- clypeal margins, by having the clypeal terior pronotal angles and by the lack of suture obscured medially, by its more veins in the remigium of the metathoracic angulate side pronotal margins and by the wings. It can be distinguished from absence of the elytral costae. C. barri by its convex anterior clypeal margin, unelevated anterior clypeal angles, Coenonycha mediata Cazier, new species sharply produced anterior pronotal angles, Medium sized, narrow; head and pronotum longer hind tarsi and by its reduced meta- dark testaceous, elytra testaceous; metathoracic thoracic wings. From C. bowlesi, with wings reduced, remiigium reduced in size and which it appears to be most closely allied, without veins (Fig. 3). MALE.-Head with impunctate area on vertex; it is separable by its less widely reflexed front densely punctate, punctures separated anterior clypeal margin, sharply produced by about one-third their own widths above and anterior pronotal margins, less angulate below; clypeus with side margins narrowly lateral pronotal margins and by the veinless reflexed, anterior margin more widely reflexed, of convex medially, lateral angles not dentiform remigium the metathoracic wings. or prominent, surface rugosely punctate, clypeal suture obscure medially, shallowly emarginate Coenonycha rubida McClay, new species toward base at middle; antennae nine-seg- Medium sized; pronotum and head reddish mented. Pronotum widest at middle; side brown, elytra and undersurface reddish brown; margins obtusely rounded medially, evenly pronotum, elytra and undersurface moderately rounded to base, straight and gradually con- clothed with yellow pile; metathoracic wings vergent anteriorly; anterior angles acute, fully developed. sharply produced anteriorly; surface smooth, MALE.-Head with small smooth area on shining, punctures small, sparse, separated by vertex; front densely punctate, punctures about two to three times their own widths over separated by about one-fourth their own widths entire surface. Elytra with side margins sub- above, coalescent and irregular below; clypeus 22 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES [No. 1239

with side and front margins evenly moderately their own diameters, coalescent below; clypeus reflexed, surface with punctures coalescent but with side margins prominently reflexed and evident throughout, elypeal suture evident constricted anteriorly, anterior margin more throughout, arcuately emarginate medially; widely reflexed, angles dentiform, anterior antennae ten-segmented, club slightly shorter margin emarginate medially, surface rugose, than the six funicular segments combined. punctures obscure, clothed with long pile, Pronotum widest at middle; side margins evenly clypeal suture shallowly emarginate medially; rounded behind, converging anteriorly and antennae ten-segmented. Pronotum widest at slightly sinuate; anterior angles acute, promi- middle; side margins obtusely angulate medially nent; surface of disk with punctures separated and at base, shallowly sinuate anteriorly, by about twice their own widths, more densely anterior angles acute, produced; surface smooth, placed laterally. Elytra with side margins punctures large, separated by about their own subparallel; humeral umbones prominent; widths on disk, each puncture giving rise to a surface with costae evident, punctures on disk long yellowish hair. Elytra with side margins separated by about their own widths. Venter subparallel; humeral umbones prominent; with metasternum at narrowest point between costae indistinct; surface with minute alutaceous coxae longer than width of. hind coxal plates; sculpturing in depressions, punctures indistinct, tarsal claws shallowly cleft subapically. Length, irregular, each puncture giving rise to a long 8.0 mm.; width, 3.5 mm. yellowish hair. Venter sparsely pilose, puncta- FEMALE. Similar to the male but a little tion sparse and small; metasternum at narrowest larger and more robust. Length, 8.5 mm.; point between coxae longer than width of hind width, 4.0 mm. coxal plates; tarsal claws shallowly cleft sub- TYPE MATERIAL.-Holotype male taken apically. Length, 8.0 mm.; width, 4.0 mm. at Globe, Gila County, Arizona, May 16, FEMALE.-Similar to male but more robust. 1936 (F. H. Parker), and allotype female Length, 9.6 mm.; width, 4.7 mm. taken at the base of Pinal Mountains, TYPE MATERIAL.-Holotype male and Graham County, Arizona, June (F. H. allotype female in the collection of The Parker, D. K. Duncan), in the collection American Museum of Natural History, of The American Museum of Natural taken at Springville, Tulare County, History. Seven paratypes from the Pinal California, June, 1933, by F. T. Scott. Mountains, April (F. H. Parker), and one Ten paratopotypes deposited in the collec- paratype from Pinal Mountains, Graham tions of L. W. Saylor, A. T. McClay and County, Arizona, July 4, 1926 (D. K. The American Museum of Natural History. Duncan), deposited in the collections of Five paratypes from Porterville, Tulare F. H. Parker, L. W. Saylor, 0. L. Cart- County, California, May 24, 1933, in the wright, California Academy of Sciences collection of the University of Kansas. and The American Museum Museum of Additional specimens examined from Natural History. Seven paratopotypes in Tulare County, California, came from the collections of A. T. McClay, F. H. Kaweah, April 12, 1931; Sequoia National Parker and The American Museum of Park, April 20, 1933 (2000-3000 feet), Natural History. May 23, 1929, and May, 1930; Potwisha, Coenonycha rubida is apparently only May 8, 1931 (3000-5000 feet), May 24, remotely allied to any of the other known 1929, and June 13, 1929. species. From C. scotti it can be separated This species is closely allied to C. hageni by its shallowly elevated anterior clypeal but can be distinguished from it by its angles, less densely pilose and punctate strongly constricted clypeus, by the large pronotum and lighter color. From C. closely placed pronotal punctures and by clypeata it can be distinguished by its more its shorter hind tarsi. From C. fusca it widely reflexed clypeal margins, more angu- can be separated by its roughened elytra, late side pronotal margins, larger pronotal longer pile, dentate anterior clypeal angles, punctures and by its reddish color. densely punctate pronotum and by its shorter tarsi. Coenonycha scotti McClay, new species Medium sized, narrow; dark brown through- Coenonycha clypeata McClay, out; metathoracie wings fully developed. new species MALE.-Head with area on vertex impunctate; front densely punctate and pilose, punctures Medium sized; pronotum and head piceous, large, separated above by about one-fifth of elytra dark brown; sparsely clothed throughout 1943] REVISION OF THE GENUS COENONYCHA 23 with short yellow pile; metathoracic wings fully front of the head, by the obscured clypeal developed. suture, by the much smaller pronotal MALE.-Head with small smooth area on vertex; front densely punctate, punctures punctures, by the proportionately longer separated by about one-half their own widths elytra and by its darker color. From C. above, coalescent and irregular below; clypeus fulva it is distinguishable by its equally with side and front margins evenly shallowly reflexed clypeal margins, by its much reflexed, anterior margin not more so than side margins, surface densely confusedly punctate larger and more densely placed frontal throughout, clypeal suture obscure; antennae punctures, by the sparsely pilose front of ten-segmented, club nearly as long as six funicu- the head and by its darker color. C. lar segments combined. Pronotum widest at clypeata is distinguishable from both of middle; sides evenly arcuate to base, converging anteriorly, shallowly sinuate imme- the above species by the greater sexual diately behind angles; anterior angles acute, dimorphism. The female is much larger prominent; surface of disk with punctures than the male and differs as noted in the separated by about one and one-half times allotype description. The females of C. their own widths, more closely placed laterally. rubida fulva not differ greatly Elytra widest at apical third; humeral umbones and C. do prominent; surface with costae obscure, punc- from the males. tures on disk separated by about their own widths, irregular, surface between punctures fulva new species alutaceous in spots. Venter with metasternum Coenonycha McClay, at narrowest point between coxae longer than Medium sized; fulvous throughout; elytra width of hind coxal plates; tarsal claws shallowly and pronotum sparsely clothed with long yellow cleft subapically. Length, 8.1 mm.; width, pile; metathoracic wings fully developed. 3.8 mm. MALE.-Head with small smooth area on FEMALE.-Similar to the male but much larger vertex; front flattened, punctures separated and more robust. Head with punctures above by about their own widths; clypeus with side smaller than in male, separated by about their margins shallowly reflexed, anterior margin own widths; clypeal punctures deep, coalescent more widely reflexed, shallowly emarginate, but distinct. Pronotum with side margins angles scarcely dentate, surface with punctures more angulate medially; surface with punctures shallowly indicated, clypeal suture distinct, smaller than in male, separated on disk by about shallowly emarginate medially; antennae ten- twice their own widths, scarcely more dense segmented, club as long as length of five distal laterally. Elytra with discal costae somewhat funicular segments combined. Pronotum widest elevated, irregular; surface with punctures at middle, side margins evenly rounded to base, small, separated on disk by about twice their narrowly convergent anteriorly, shallowly own widths. Venter similar to male. Length, sinuate behind anterior angles; anterior angles 10.9 mm.; width, 5.0 mm. acute, produced; surface finely punctate, punctures on disk separated by two to three TYPE MATERIAL.-Holotype male and times their own widths. Elytra with sides allotype female in the collection of The subparallel; humeral umbones prominent; surface with costae scarcely evident, punctures American Museum of Natural History, on disk separated by about twice their own taken at Avalon, Santa Catalina Island, widths, occasionally connected with furrows. California, March 1, 1932, and May 11, Venter with metasternum at narrowest point 1932 (D. C. Meadows). Five paratopo- between coxae longer than width of hind coxal plates; tarsal claws shallowly cleft subapically. types in the collections of A. T. McClay Length, 8.0 mm.; width, 3.5 mm. and The American Museum of Natural FEMALE.-Similar to the male but with clypeal History. One paratype from Santa Cata- margins less widely reflexed. Length, 8.0 mm.; lina Island, California, March 1, 1930 (D. width, 3.8 mm. C. Meadows), in the collection of the TYPE MATERIAL.-Holotype male and California Academy of Sciences. One allotype female in the collection of The paratopotype in the collection of the Los American Museum of Natural History, Angeles Museum. One paratopotype from taken at Avalon, Santa Catalina Island, the Wickham collection in the United California, May 12, 1932 (D. C. Meadows). States National Museum. Fifty-two paratopotypes March 1, 1932; This species appears to be allied to C. twenty-six paratopotypes April 28, 1932; rubida but can be readily separated from forty-two paratopotypes May 2-28, 1932, it by its more obtusely rounded anterior deposited in the collections of the Los clypeal margins, by the sparsely pilose Angeles Museum, 0. L. Cartwright, L. W. 24 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES [No. 1239

Saylor, David Rockefeller, M. W. Sander- female from the same locality, April 12, son, California Academy of Sciences, A. T. 1931 (R. S. Wagner); both in the collection McClay and The American Museum of of The American Museum of Natural Natural History. History. Forty-four paratypes from Se- This species appears to be most closely quoia National Park, Tulare County, allied to C. hageni but can be readily dis- California, May 5-28, 1931, and June 14, tinguished from that species by its flat- 1929 (A. T. McClay); one hundred and tened, less densely punctate front of the forty-four paratypes from Auburn, Placer head, by its much narrower clypeus, by County, California, May 6, 1937 (A. T. its more evenly rounded side pronotal McClay); sixty-three paratopotypes (R. margins, by the smaller pronotal punc- S. Wagner), deposited in the collections of tures, shorter and less dense elytral pile F. T. Scott, L. W. Saylor, David Rocke- and by its lighter brown color. From feller, 0. L. Cartwright, M. W. Sanderson, C. acuta it can be separated by its having California Academy of Sciences, A. T. the front of the head glabrous, by its less McClay and The American Museum of widely reflexed anterior clypeal margins, Natural History. Additional specimens by its having the anterior clypeal angle examined were taken at Napa, Napa obtuse rather than acute, by its smaller County, California, March 30, 1937, on pronotal punctures and by the lighter Adenostoma fasciculatum H. and A. color of the elytra. It can be distinguished This species appears to be most closely from C. clypeata, which occurs on the same allied to C. purshiae but can be separated island, by the differences listed in the com- from that species by its evenly rounded parative description of that species. anterior clypeal angles, shallowly emarginate clypeal suture and by its less acutely Coenonycha fusca McClay, new species produced anterior pronotal angles. From Medium sized; dark reddish brown through- C. ampla it can be distinguished by its out; pronotum, elytra and undersurface sparsely smaller size, evenly rounded anterior clothed with short yellow pile; metathoracie wings fully developed. clypeal angles and by its less acutely MALE.-Head with smooth area on vertex; produced anterior pronotal angles. punctures on front separated by about one-half their own widths above, coalescent below; cly- Coenonycha utahensis McClay, peus with margins evenly, rather widely reflexed, anterior margin shallowly emarginate, surface new species with punctures at base large and coalescent, Medium sized, narrow; uniformly dark obscure apically, elypeal suture evident through- testaceous; elytra sparsely clothed with short out, shallowly emarginate medially; antennae yellow pile; metathoracic wings fully developed. ten-segmented, club nearly as long as the length MALE.-Head with vertex impunctate; front of six funicular segments combined. Pronotum densely punctate, punctures separated by about widest at middle; side margins obtusely rounded one-fifth their own widths above, coalescent basally, narrowly converging anteriorly; an- below; clypeus with side margins prominently terior angles acute, not prominently produced; reflexed, anterior margin more widely reflexed, surface smooth, punctures of disk separated by than lateral margins, angles feebly elevated, about twice their own diameters, more dense anterior margin shallowly emarginate, surface laterally. Elytra with side margins subparallel; cribrately punctate, clypeal suture shallowly humeral umbones prominent; surface with arcuately emarginate toward base at middle; costae faint, punctures on disk separated by (antennae lacking). Pronotum widest at middle; about twice their own widths, area between side margins obtusely angulate at middle and punctures along striae alutaceous. Venter basal third, straight and gradually converging with metasternum at narrowest point between anteriorly; anterior angles acute but not pro- coxae longer than width of hind coxal plates; duced; surface smooth, glabrous, shining, tarsal claws shallowly cleft subapically. Length, punctures small, sparse, separated on disk by 8.0 mm.; width, 3.5 mm. about three times their own widths. Elytra FEMALE.-Similar to the male but more with side margins subparallel; humeral umbones robust and darker brown in color. Length, prominent; costae scarcely evident; surface 8.0 mm.; width, 3.8 mm. with minute alutaceous sculpturing, punctures male taken irregular, separated by about three times their TYPE MATERIAL.-Holotype own widths, each puncture giving rise to a at Kaweah, Tulare County, California, short pale hair. Venter sparsely pilose, punc- March 22, 1931, by R. S. Wagner; allotype tures small and sparse, separated by about four 19431 REVISION OF THE GENUS COENONYCHA 25 times their own widths; metasternum at nar- separated on disk by about three times their rowest point between coxae longer than width own widths, irregular transverse rugae along of hind coxal plates; tarsal claws shallowly suture. Venter with metasternum at narrowest cleft subapically. Length, 8.5 mm.; width, point between coxae subequal in length to width 3.8 mm. of hind coxal plates; tarsal claws shallowly FEMALE.-Similar to male but more robust, cleft subapically. Length, 6.0 mm.; width, lateral pronotal margins shallowly emarginate 3.0 mm. in front of middle. Length, 8.5 mm.; width, FEMALE.-Similar to male but somewhat 4.0 mm. larger and with elytral punctation more evident. TYPE MATERIAL.-Holotype male and Length, 7.8 mm.; width, 3.8 mm. allotype female, taken in Washington TYPE MATERIAL.-Holotype male from County, Utah, in the collection of the Ellensburg, Kittias County, Washington, United States National Museum. One April 20,1935 (W. W. Baker), and allotype female paratopotype, and one female para- female, same locality and date (S. E. type from Bellevue, Washington County, Crumb), in the collection of W. W. Baker. Utah, in The American Museum of Two paratopotypes also in his collection, Natural History. one in the collection of A. T. McClay and This species may be confused with C. two in the collection of The American fusca but can be distinguished from it by Museum of Natural History. The writers its unemarginate anterior clypeal margin, take this opportunity to thank Mr. Baker its lighter color and by the obtusely for these specimens. angulate posterior pronotal margin. From Coenonycha globosa resembles C. parvula C. rubida it can be readily separated by its in shape and size but can be distinguished smaller and less densely placed pronotal from it by its less densely punctate and punctures and by the short, sparse, elytral glabrous front of the head and surface of pile. It appears to be most closely allied the pronotum, by the reduced punctation to C. testacea but can be separated by its and shorter, more sparse elytral pile and by darker color, obscure clypeal suture and its lighter testaceous color. From C. less deeply emarginate anterior clypeal ovipennis, which seems to be its nearest margin. relative, it can be separated by its more angulate side pronotal margins, its more Coenonycha globosa McClay, prominent front clypeal angles and by its new species less pilose elytra. Small, robust; uniformly testaceous throughout; pronotum, elytra and undersurface sparsely Coenonycha ovipennis Horn clothed with short yellow pile; metathoracic wings rudimentary, consisting of small narrow Coenonycha ovipennis HORN, G., 1876, Trans. vestiges extending little beyond middle of Amer. Ent. Soc., V, pp. 193-194; FALL, 1901, elytra (Fig. 3). Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XXVII, p. 293. MALE.-Head with small smooth area on Medium sized, elongate oval; testaceous vertex; punctures of front separated by about throughout; metathoracic wings reduced their own widths above, more densely placed and narrow below; clypeus with side margins shallowly to a short vestige. reflexed, anterior margin more widely reflexed, FEMALE.-"Head coarsely but very anterior angles shallowly, obtusely dentate, sparsely punctured, frontal suture distinct, anterior margin shallowly emarginate, surface feebly impressed. Clypeus rounded in irregularly covered with large shallow punc- front, margin moderately reflexed. Thorax tures, clypeal suture evident throughout, shallowly emarginate medially. Pronotum twice as broad as long, sides gradually widest slightly in front of middle; side margins divergent posteriorly, hind angles broadly abruptly converging behind, less abruptly con- rounded, surface smooth, sparsely and not stricted anteriorly; anterior angles acute, not margins with long produced, posterior margin evenly rounded coarsely punctured, laterally; surface with shallow median impres- fimbriae. Elytra oval, slightly broader sion, punctures of disk separated by about twice behind the middle, humeri obtusely their own widths, irregularly placed, more dense rounded, surface very sparsely punctate laterally. Elytra with side margins evenly and with inconspicuous pubescence. Body rounded, widest behind middle; humeral umbones small, barely visible; surface without beneath very sparsely punctured and evidence of costae on disk, punctures minute, sparsely hairy. Length 7.5 mm. 26 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES [No. 1239

"The apterous body and eight-jointed sparsely pilose, punctation sparse; meta- antennae serve to distinguish this species. sternum at narrowest point between coxae The clypeus also differs considerably in subequal in length to width of hind coxal form from rotundata. The third and plates; tarsal claws shallowly cleft sub- fourth joints of the antennae are mod- apically. Length, 5.7 mm.; width, 2.8 erately long and appear to be connate, mm. each one having the appearance of being FEMALE.-Unknown. formed by the fusion of two joints. This TYPE LoCALITY.-White Rock Springs, will account for the antennae being eight- Nye County, Nevada, May, 1931 (R. jointed in this, and ten-jointed in the Stohler). preceding species [rotundata]." This species is apparently most closely TYPE LoCALITY.-Nevada (female). related to C. globosa, from which it can No additional specimens of this species be distinguished by its black color, convex have been seen so that the limitations of anterior clypeal margin, scarcely dentate the variation cannot be established at this anterior clypeal margin, and by its smaller time. Its relationships with other species size. are also doubtful, but judging from available material it appears to be most closely Coenonycha crispata McClay, allied to C. globosa. It can, however, be new species separated from that species by its having Medium sized, narrow; uniformly testaceous the scutellum longer than broad and by its throughout; metathoracic wings reduced, remi- evenly rounded lateral pronotal margins. gium cut transversely just beyond stigmal area (Fig. 3). MALE.-Head with impunctate area on vertex; Coenonycha stohleri Saylor front densely punctate, punctures separated Coenonycha stohleri SAYLOR, 1935, Pan-Pacific by about one-fifth of their own widths; clypeus Ent., XI, p. 131. with side margins narrowly reflexed, anterior Small, oblong-ovate; black; meta- margin widely reflexed, bisinuate medially, angles strongly dentiform; surface rugosely thoracic wings reduced to short, narrow punctate basally, sparsely punctate in anterior vestiges (Fig. 3). third, clypeal suture shallowly arcuately emar- MALE.-Head with large area on vertex ginate toward base at middle; antennae ten- impunctate; front densely punctate, punc- segmented. Pronotum widest at middle; side margins obtusely subangulate medially and tures separated by about their own widths basally, straight and gradually convergent above, cribrately punctate below; clypeus anteriorly; anterior angles obtuse, not pro- with side margins moderately reflexed, duced; surface smooth, shining, punctures anterior margin more widely reflexed, small, sparse, separated by about twice their own widths on disk, each puncture giving rise convex medially, anterior angles only feebly to a short yellow hair. Elytra with side mar- dentate, surface cribrately punctate, gins evenly, not strongly, rounded; humeral clypeal suture obscure and only slightly umbones evident but reduced; costae absent; emarginate medially; antennae ten-seg- surface with minute alutaceous sculpturing, punctures irregular, separated by about twice mented. Pronotum widest at middle; side their own widths, each puncture giving rise to margins obtusely angulate medially, evenly a short pale hair. Venter sparsely pilose, rounded to base, straight and gradually punctation sparse, each puncture small; meta- convergent anteriorly, anterior angles sternum at narrowest point between coxae subequal in length to the width of the hind acute, not sharply produced; surface coxal plates; tarsal claws deeply cleft sub- smooth, shining, punctures small, sparse, apically. Length, 7.6 mm.; width, 3.7 mm. separated by about twice their own widths FEMALE.-Similar to male but more robust. on the disk. Elytra subovate, side mar- Length, 8.0 mm.; width, 4.1 mm. gins evenly rounded; humeral umbones TYPE MATERIAL.-Holotype male and lacking; costae not evident; surface with allotype female in the collection of The minute alutaceous sculpturing in depres- American Museum of Natural History, sions, punctures minute and irregular, taken in Kern County, California, March each puncture giving rise to a short white 30, 1914. Ten paratopotypes deposited hair, disk transversely rugulose. Venter in the collections of A. T. McClay, David 1943] REVISION OF THE GENUS COENONYCHA 27

Rockefeller and The American Museum widest at middle; sides evenly rounded to base, narrowly converging anteriorly; anterior angles of Natural History. One paratype from prominent, not produced; surface rather convex, Kern County, California, April, 1913 punctures of disk small, separated by about twice (Van Dyke collection) in the California their own widths, more dense laterally. Elytra Academy of Sciences. Other specimens with sides evenly rounded, widest about middle; humeral umbones somewhat reduced; surface examined include two from Kern County, without costae, punctures of disk separated by California, April 3, 1914 (K. Knowlton), about their own widths. Venter with meta- in the California Academy of Sciences, sternum at narrowest point between coxae only. and one from Famosa, Kern County, slightly longer than width of hind coxal plates; in of tarsal claws shallowly cleft subapically. Length, California, The American Museum 8.0 mm.; width, 3.8 mm. Natural History. FEMALE.-Similar to male but more robust This species appears to be closely related throughout. Length, 8.0 mm.; width, 4.0 mm. to C. barri but can be separated from it TYPE MATERIAL.-Holotype male and by its long hind tarsi and reduced meta- allotype female in the collection of The thoracic wings. From C. ovatis it can American Museum of Natural History, be distinguished by the well-expanded anal taken at Arvin, Kern County, California, membrane on the metathoracic wings, by March 20, 1932 (R. S. Wagner). Eight the well-developed 2dA and 3dA and by paratopotypes in the collections of F. T. its more elongate shape. From C. saylori Scott, A. T. McClay, California Academy it can be separated by its strongly dentate of Sciences and The American Museum clypeal angles and by its subangulate of Natural History. lateral pronotal margins. This species can be distinguished from Coenonycha ovatis McClay, C. parvula by its larger size, its glabrous new species head, .by the small and sparse pronotal Medium sized, robust; uniformly testaceous punctures and by its short sparse pronotal throughout; pronotum, elytra and under- and elytral pile. From C. globosa it can surface sparsely clothed with short yellow pile; be separated by its larger size, more prorni- metathoracic wings extending little beyond nent anterior clypeal angles, by the smaller middle of elytra (Fig. 3). MALE.-Head with small, irregular, smooth and more evenly placed pronotal punctures, area on vertex; punctures of front separated by the rounded lateral pronotal margins by about one-half their own widths above, more behind middle and by the more regular closely placed laterally and below, small im- and larger elytral punctures. It can be punctate area on middle of front above clypeal suture emargination; clypeus with side margins distinguished from C. ovipennis by the prominently reflexed, anterior margin more obtusely angulate side pronotal margins, widely so, anterior angles rather prominent, by the prominent anterior clypeal angles front margin shallowly sinuate medially, surface and by the sparse short pile throughout. irregularly punctate, clypeal suture evident throughout, rather deeply emarginate medially; C. ovatis appears to be most closely related antennae ten-segmented, club nearly as long as to C. crispata and is compared with it in the six funicular segments combined. Pronotum the discussion of that species.

REFERENCES CASEY, T. L. HORN, G. H. 1909. Studies in the Caraboidea and Lamelli- 1876. Revision of the United States Species cornia. Can. Ent., XLI, pp. 253-284. of Ochodaeus and other Genera of CAZIER, M. A. Scarabaeidae. Trans. Amer. Ent. 1937. Two New California Coenonycha Soc., V, pp. 177-197. (Coleoptera-Scarabaeidae). Bull. So. LE CONTE, J. L. Calif. Acad. Sci., XXXVI, pp. 125- 1856. Synopsis of the Melolonthidae of the 128. States. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. FALL, H. C. United 1901. Notes on Dichelonycha and Cantharis, Philadelphia, (2) III, pp. 225-288. with Descriptions of New Species in SAYLOR, L. W. other Genera. Trans. Amer. Ent. 1935. A New Coenonycha from Nevada. Soc., XXVII, pp. 277-310. Pan-Pacific Ent., XI, p. 131.