FORTY-SIXTH SUPPLEMENT TO THE AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGISTS’ UNION CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN Author(s): Richard C. Banks, Carla Cicero, Jon L. Dunn, Andrew W. Kratter, Pamela C. Rasmussen, J. V. Remsen Jr., James D. Rising, and Douglas F. Stotz Source: The Auk, 122(3):1026-1031. Published By: The American Ornithologists' Union DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2005)122[1026:FSTTAO]2.0.CO;2 URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.1642/0004-8038%282005%29122%5B1026%3AFSTTAO %5D2.0.CO%3B2

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FORTY-SIXTH SUPPLEMENT TO THE AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGISTS’ UNION CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS R C. B,1,9,10 C C,2 J L. D,3 A W. K,4 P C. R,5 J. V. R, J.,6 J D. R,7 D F. S8 1U.S. Geological Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, National Museum of Natural History, MRC-111, P. O. Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA; 2Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, 3101 Valley Life Sciences Building, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3160, USA; 3RR2, Box 52R, Bishop, California 93514, USA; 4Florida Museum of Natural History, P. O. Box 117800, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA; 5Michigan State University Museum and Department of Zoology, West Circle Drive, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1045, USA; 6Museum of Natural Science, Louisiana State University, Foster Hall 119, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA; 7Department of Zoology, Ramsay Wright Zoological Labs, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G5, Canada; and 8Environmental and Conservation Programs, Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60605-2496, USA

This is the fi h Supplement since publica- removed from the families in which they were tion of the 7th edition of the Check-list of North previously treated and placed in incertae sedis American Birds (American Ornithologists’ Union categories (Donacobius atricapilla and Coereba [AOU] 1998). It summarizes decisions made fl aveola), and one family is removed from the list by the AOU’s Commi ee on Classifi cation (Coerebidae); (6) one is removed from the and Nomenclature between 1 January and 31 list (Mimodes) because of its merger with another December 2004. The Commi ee has contin- on the list (), with the consequent change ued to operate in the manner outlined in the of the scientifi c name of one species; and (7) the 42nd Supplement (AOU 2000). Changes in this distribution of one species is restricted because Supplement fall into the following categories: of the removal of an extralimital population (1) two species replace others presently on the now treated as distinct (Melanerpes chrysauchen). list because of spli ing of extralimital forms Further, one species is added to the list of birds (Leptotila plumbeiceps replaces L. rufaxilla and known to occur in the United States (Tachycineta Hylocharis humboldtii replaces H. grayi); (2) one albilinea). A few recent references are added to species is removed from the Appendix and statements of distribution. Minor corrections added to the main list because of new distri- are made in several citations or notes. butional information (Circus aeruginosus); (3) one species is removed from the list because There is one more deletion from the main list of its merger with another species on the list than additions to it, so the number of species in (Motacilla lugens); (4) one species is removed the main list becomes 2,037. Literature that pro- from the main list and placed in the Appendix vides the basis for the Commi ee’s decisions is (Acridotheres cristatellus); (4) two species are cited at the end of the Supplement, and citations not already in the Literature Cited of the 7th edition (with Supplements) become additions 9Authors are members of the Commi ee on to it. An updated list of the species known Classi fi cation and Nomenclature of the American from the AOU Check-list area may be accessed at Ornithologists’ Union, listed alphabetically a er the h p://www.aou.org/checklist/index.php3. Chairman. 10E-mail: [email protected] The following changes to the 7th edition (page 1026 July 2005] Forty-sixth Supplement 1027 numbers refer thereto) and its Supplements Lanka and east to Myanmar; resident in north- result from the Commi ee’s actions: western Africa. Casual to Madeira, and the Canary, Cape pp. xvii–liv. Insert the following names in the Verde, and Seychelles islands. proper position as indicated by the text of this Accidental on Guadeloupe, 28 Nov. 2002–14 Supplement: Apr. 2003 (Levesque and Malglaive 2004; pho- tographs). Circus aeruginosus Western Marsh Harrier Notes.—The report of this species in Virginia Leptotila plumbeiceps Gray-headed Dove (Shedd et al. 1998) that led to its inclusion in Hylocharis humboldtii Humboldt’s Sapphire the Appendix (AOU 2000) is still considered Mimus graysoni Socorro unsatisfactory. Many authorities consider C. aeruginosus conspecifi c with C. spilonotus Kaup, Remove the following names: 1847 [Eastern Marsh Harrier]. Leptotila rufaxilla Gray-fronted Dove Hylocharis grayi Blue-headed Sapphire p. 108. In the account for Falco tinnunculus, Mimodes graysoni Socorro Mockingbird add to Distribution: See Pranty et al. (2004) for Acridotheres cristatellus Crested Myna additional detailed information. Motacilla lugens Black-backed Wagtail Coerebidae p. 123. In the account for Numida meleagris, in the last line of Distribution, change Trinidad to Insert the term Genus INCERTAE SEDIS Trindade. above, and place an asterisk before, the follow- ing names (moving the entry for Donacobius to p. 141. In the account for Burhinus bistriatus, precede the family name Troglodytidae): add to fi rst paragraph of Distribution: Recently *Donacobius atricapilla Black-capped Donaco- reported breeding on Great Inagua, Bahamas bius (North American Birds 57:418, photo p. 432, *Coereba fl aveola Bananaquit 2003).

Remove the annotation (H): p. 207. The individual of Gygis alba photo- Gygis alba White Tern graphed on Bermuda was originally identi- fi ed as being of the candida group (Wingate p. 60. In the citation of the original descrip- and Watson 1974), and it was so listed in the tion of Branta sandvicensis, change the reference 6th edition (AOU 1983). There is no evidence for Olson (1989) to ‘Elepaio 49:49–51. supporting its change to the alba group in the 7th edition (AOU 1998). Change the paragraph p. 93. Because of new distributional informa- beginning “Accidental” in the distribution of tion, Circus aeruginosus is added to the Check- this species by eliminating the mention of the list. A er the account for Circus cyaneus, insert alba group, and Tobago, which is out of the the following new account: Check-list area.

Circus aeruginosus (Linnaeus). Western Marsh p. 228. Genetic data (Johnson 2004) lead us Harrier. to treat Leptotila plumbeiceps as a species distinct from L. rufaxilla, a treatment that follows tradi- Falco aeruginosus Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat. tional classifi cations (e.g. Meyer de Schauensee (ed. 10) 1:91. (Europa = Sweden.) 1970, Goodwin 1983, Sibley and Monroe 1990, Baptista et al. 1997, Gibbs et al. 2001). The AOU .—Marshes and open grasslands. (1983) considered plumbeiceps conspecifi c with Distribution.—Breeds in Europe and Asia L. rufaxilla, but did not provide or cite rationale. from England to western Mongolia south to Remove the account of L. rufaxilla and insert the the Mediterranean, Caucasus, Iran, and north- following in its place: ern Afghanistan, and winters in Africa south to Angola and the Transvaal, and from Iran Leptotila plumbeiceps Sclater and Salvin. Gray- through the Indian subcontinent south to Sri headed Dove 1028 B . [Auk, Vol. 122

Leptotila plumbeiceps Sclater and Salvin, 1868, Jaqué in southern Darién) to northern Ecuador Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 59 (Prov. Verae Pacis (Esmeraldas). in rep. Guatemalensi, et Mexico = Choctum, Notes.—Formerly treated as conspecifi c Vera Paz, Guatemala.) with H. grayi (DeLa re and Bourcier, 1845) [Blue-headed Sapphire] of the Pacifi c foothills Habitat.—Tropical Lowland Evergreen and drier valleys of the Andean Pacifi c slope Forest Edge, Secondary Forest (0–1,000 m; in Colombia and northern Ecuador, but Stiles Tropical and lower Subtropical zones). (2003) showed that diff erences in habitat, color Distribution.—As for the plumbeiceps and of males, size, and proportions are consistent ba yi groups in the account for L. rufaxilla. with treatment as separate species; see also Notes.—Groups: L. plumbeiceps [Gray- Ridgely and Greenfi eld (2001). headed Dove]; L. ba yi Rothschild, 1901 [Brown-backed Dove]. Formerly (AOU 1983, p. 333–334. The South American Melanerpes 1998) included in L. rufaxilla (Richard and pulcher is recognized as a species distinct from Bernard, 1792) [Gray-fronted Dove] of South M. chrysauchen, following the treatment by America but now treated as a separate spe- Wetmore (1968) and Stiles and Skutch (1989), cies on the basis of genetic data (Johnson 2004) who considered the plumage diff erences to be that supports the traditional classifi cation (e.g. comparable to species level diff erences in other Goodwin 1983, Gibbs et al. 2001). The ba yi Melanerpes. Authors who have treated them as group, which Wetmore (1968) recognized as a conspecifi c (e.g. Peters 1948, Sibley and Monroe distinct species, has generally been included 1990, Winkler et al. 1995) have not provided a with plumbeiceps (e.g. Goodwin 1983, Ridgely specifi c rationale for so doing. and Gwynne 1989, Gibbs et al. 2001), which we continue to do here in the absence of published Remove the phrase (chrysauchen group) and analyses. Reported vocal diff erences between all mention of the pulcher group from the para- L. plumbeiceps and L. ba yi suggest that, with graph on Distribution. Replace the fi rst sen- further study, they may merit status as separate tence of the Notes with: Formerly included M. species. pulcher Sclater, 1870 [Beautiful Woodpecker] of the Magdalena Valley of Colombia, now p. 295. Hylocharis humboldtii is separated from treated as distinct following Wetmore (1968) H. grayi, following Stiles (2003); see also Ridgely and Stiles and Skutch (1989). Add M. pulcher and Greenfi eld (2001). The two diff er in habitat, Sclater, 1870 to the species in the presumed elevation, coloration (especially males), and superspecies. measurements (not only size but proportions), and they were treated as species until Peters p. 457. Sykes et al. (2004) documented the fi rst (1945) treated them as conspecifi c without Mangrove Swallow (Tachycineta albilinea) in the explanation. The population in the Check-list United States. To the statement of distribution area is H. humboldtii, so the account for H. grayi of that species, add a paragraph: Accidental in is replaced by the following: Florida (Viera Wetlands, Brevard County, 18–25 Nov. 2002; Sykes et al. 2004). Hylocharis humboldtii (Bourcier and Mulsant). Humboldt’s Sapphire p. 469-470. In the account for Si a pusilla, add to Distribution: See Renfrow (2003) for addi- Trochilus humboldtii Bourcier and Mulsant, tional information. 1852, Ann. Sci. Phys. et Nat. Lyon (2) 4:142. (River Mira, Esmeraldas [Ecuador]; perhaps p. 471. Genetic data (Barker 2004) show that southwestern Colombia as suggested by Donacobius is neither a wren nor a , as Ridgely and Greenfi eld 2001:353.) previously treated, but belongs in some Old World sylvioid group. Remove the account Habitat.—Mangroves and adjacent lowlands for Donacobius atricapilla from the family (Tropical Zone). Troglodytidae and place it ahead of that fam- Distribution.—Resident along the Pacifi c ily under a new centered heading Genus coast from extreme southeastern Panama (near INCERTAE SEDIS. July 2005] Forty-sixth Supplement 1029

Replace the Notes under the genus Donacobius 1979). Most European authorities did not with the following: This enigmatic was separate the forms as species, however. Alström formerly treated in the Mimidae (Davis and and Mild (2003) suggested that the amount of Miller in Mayr and Greenway 1960) and then hybridization had been underestimated, and the Troglodytidae (AOU 1983, 1998), but recent they treated lugens as a subspecies of alba, a genetic analysis indicates that it is closest to treatment also indicated by Voelker (2002) on members of an Old World sylvioid assemblage the basis of genetic analysis. (Barker 2004). Its proper placement is yet to be determined by a more complete taxonomic p. 569. Two genetic data sets (Sato et al. sampling. 1999, Burns et al. 2002, 2003) have shown that the genus Coereba is embedded in a clade of p. 516–518. An analysis of mtDNA sequence “island” taxa, most of which were formerly clas- data (Barber et al. 2004) shows that the species sifi ed as sparrows (Emberizidae/Emberizinae). known as Mimodes graysoni is actually embed- Therefore, maintaining the family Coerebidae, ded within the genus Mimus and is most closely as constituted solely by Coereba, is untenable. related to Mimus polyglo os and M. gilvus. This The familial placement of Coereba is yet to be necessitates the following changes: Remove the determined. Remove the heading for the Family heading for the genus Mimodes from p. 518; move Coerebidae and replace it with the centered the citation for Mimodes to p. 516, under the cita- heading Genus INCERTAE SEDIS. tion for Mimus; move the account for the species Mimus graysoni to a position following that of M. p. 691. In the citation for Buteo buteo, change gilvus on p. 517; add to the Notes under M. gray- the page number from 1 to 50. soni: Formerly treated in the monotypic genus Mimodes, but now shown by genetic data (Barber p. 697. Before the account for Acridotheres et al. 2004) to be embedded in Mimus. javanicus, insert the following account for A. cristatellus: p. 524. Acridotheres cristatellus has become extirpated in North America (Self 2003), nearly Acridotheres cristatellus (Linnaeus). Crested a century a er its introduction. Remove the spe- Myna. cies from the main list, and add an account for it in the Appendix (see p. 697, below). Gracula cristatellus Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat. (ed. 10) I: 109. Based on “The Chinese Starling p. 526–527. Reevaluation of the evidence for or Blackbird” Edwards, Nat. Hist. Birds I: 19, pl. considering Motacilla lugens a species distinct 19. (In Chinese.) from M. alba, of which it had long been consid- ered a subspecies (AOU 1982, 1983), has led to A population of this native of China and its merger back into that species, in agreement southeastern Asia was introduced and seem- with most recent treatments (e.g. Voelker 2002, ingly well established in southwestern British Alström and Mild 2003). Incorporate the appro- Columbia (Vancouver region) from the late priate sections of the Distribution in the present 1800s until February 2003, when it was extir- M. lugens account into the account of M. alba, as pated (Self 2003). Individuals from that popu- the [lugens group], a er the alba group. In the lation ranged to Vancouver Island (nesting Notes for M. alba, insert: “M. lugens Gloger, 1829 a empted) and northwestern Washington. A [Black-backed Wagtail]” a er the alba group bird seen in Portland, Oregon, in 1922 may have and change the sentence following the listing of been from that population or may have escaped groups to read: Motacilla lugens was separated locally (Gabrielson and Jewe 1940, Marshall as a distinct species by AOU (1982, 1983, 1998) et al. 2003). Reports from Florida (Miami-Dade and some Russian workers (Stepanyan 1978, and Brevard counties) are based on escaped Kistchinski 1980) on the basis of contact with birds. Also reported in Puerto Rico, but status supposedly only limited hybridization in areas uncertain. of overlap in Ussuriland with M. a. leucopsis Nazarenko (1968) and in northern Kamchatka p. 705 ff . In the list of French names of North with M. a. ocularis (Kistchinski and Lobkov American Birds, make the following changes: 1030 B . [Auk, Vol. 122

Insert in the appropriate place in main list: Ornithologists’ Union Check-list of North Circus aeruginosus Busard des roseaux American Birds. Auk 99:1CC–16CC. Leptotila plumbeiceps Colombe à calo e grise A O’ U. 1983. Hylocharis humboldtii Saphir de Humboldt Check-list of North American Birds, 6th Mimus graysoni Moqueur de Socorro ed. American Ornithologists’ Union, Washington, D.C. Delete the entries for the following: A O’ U. 1998. Leptotila rufaxilla Check-list of North American Birds, 7th Hylocharis grayi ed. American Ornithologists’ Union, Mimodes graysoni Washington, D.C. Motacilla lugens A O’ U. 2000. COEREBIDAE Forty-second supplement to the American Circus aeruginosus Busard des roseaux (from Ornithologists’ Union Check-list of North Appendix portion of list, where added by American Birds. Auk 117:847–858. AOU (2000) Bu, L. F., P. W. T, H. M. Hg. 1997. Family Columbidae (Pigeons and Insert the term INCERTAE SEDIS above, and Doves). Pages 60–243 in Handbook of the place an asterisk before, each of the following Birds of the World, vol. 4: Sandgrouse to names (moving the name Troglodytidae to fol- Cuckoos (J. del Hoyo, A. Ellio , and J. low Donacobius and changing the name of the Sargatal, Eds.). Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, la er): Spain. *Donacobius atricapilla Donacobe à miroir Bg, B. R., J. E. M-G», A. T. *Coereba fl aveola P. 2004. Systematic position of the Socorro Mockingbird Mimodes graysoni. Move the entry for Acridotheres cristatellus Journal of Avian Biology 35:195–198. from the main list to the Appendix. B, F. K. 2004. Monophyly and relation- ships of wrens (Aves: Troglodytidae): A The commi ee considered several other congruence analysis of heterogeneous mito- taxonomic changes, but did not make changes chondrial and nuclear DNA sequence data. because of insuffi cient or confl icting informa- Molecular Phylogenetics and 32: tion. Included were several proposals concern- 486–504. ing generic and specifi c limits and relationships B, K. J., S. J. H, N. K. K. in the Parulidae. Action on these proposals 2002. Phylogenetic relationships and mor- awaits further genetic data from studies that phological diversity in Darwin’s fi nches and include more complete coverage of the taxa their relatives. Evolution 56:1240–1252. involved. B, K. J., S. J. H, N. K. Klein. 2003. Phylogenetic relationships of Neotropical A honeycreepers and the evolution of feeding morphology. Journal of Avian Biology 34: Normand David serves as the Commi ee’s 360–370. authority for classical languages relative to Gg, I. N., S. G. J. 1940. Birds scientifi c names, and Michel Gosselin serves as of Oregon. Oregon State College, Corvallis, the authority for French names. We also thank Oregon. D. D. Gibson, Sir C. Lever, J. O’Donahue, A. P. Ggg, D., E. B, J. C}. 2001. Pigeons Peterson, and F. G. Stiles. and Doves: A Guide to the Pigeons and Doves of the World. Yale University Press, L C New Haven, Connecticut. G, D. 1983. Pigeons and Doves of the A¾, P., K. M. 2003. Pipits and World, 3rd ed. Cornell University Press, Wagtails. Princeton University Press, Ithaca, New York. Princeton, New Jersey. J, K. P. 2004. Deletion bias in avian introns A O’ U. 1982. over evolutionary timescales. Molecular Thirty-fourth supplement to the American Biology and Evolution 21:599–602. July 2005] Forty-sixth Supplement 1031

K, A. A. 1980. [Birds of the Koryak R~, R. S., J. A. G~, J. 1989. A Highlands.] Nauka, Moscow. Guide to the Birds of Panama, with Costa K, A. A., E. G. Lg{. 1979. Rica, Nicaragua, and Honduras, 2nd ed. [Spatial relationships between some bird Princeton University Press, Princeton, New subspecies in the Beringian forest-tundra.] Jersey. [Bulletin of Moscow Society of Naturalists, S, A., C. O’U, F. F, P. R. G, Biological Series] 84(5):11–23. B. R. G, H. T~, J. K. 1999. L{v, A., L. M{. 2004. First Phylogeny of Darwin’s fi nches as revealed documented record of Marsh Harrier for by mtDNA sequences. Proceedings of the the West Indies and the New World. North National Academy of Sciences USA 96: American Birds 57:564–565. [2003 vol.] 5101–5106. M, D. B., M. G. H, A. L. Sk, B. 2003. Vancouver Crested Mynas gone. C, E. 2003. Birds of Oregon: A Winging It 15:7. General Reference. Oregon State University [S, D. H., R. D. G, B. L. S, Press, Corvallis. F. R. S.] 1998. First record of a Western M~, E., J. C. G~, J., E. 1960. Marsh Harrier (Circus aeruginosis) [sic] in Check-list of Birds of the World, vol. Virginia. Raven 69:56. 9. Museum of Comparative Zoology, Sg~, C. G., B. L. M, J. 1990. Cambridge, Massachuse s. Distribution and of Birds of the M~ S, R. 1970. A Guide to the World. Yale University Press, New Haven, Birds of South America. Livingston Publishing Connecticut. Company, Wynnewood, Pennsylvania. Su~, L. 1978. [Composition and N, A. A. 1968. [On the character of Distribution of the Avifauna of the Soviet interrelations of the two forms of Pied Union—Passeriformes.] Nauka, Moscow. Wagtails.] (In Russian with English sum- S, F. G. 2003. Notas taxonómicas sobre mary.) Problemy Evoliutsii 1:195–201. aves colombianas. I. El rango taxonómico O, S. L. 1989. David Douglas and the de Hylocharis humboldtii (Trochilidae). original description of the Hawaiian Goose. Ornitología Colombiana 1:68–70. ‘Elepaio 49:49–51. S, F. G., A. S. 1989. A Guide to P, J. L. 1945. Check-list of Birds of the the Birds of Costa Rica. Cornell University World, vol. 5. Harvard University Press, Press, Ithaca, New York. Cambridge, Massachuse s. S~, P. W., J., L. S. A, M. G, P, J. L. 1948. Check-list of Birds of the J. H. H, V. 2004. The fi rst World, vol. 6. Harvard University Press, Mangrove Swallow recorded in the United Cambridge, Massachuse s. States. North American Birds 58:4–11. P~, B., E. K, H. W, V, G. 2002. Systematics and historical H. P. Rg. 2004. Eurasian Kestrel in biogeography of wagtails: Dispersal versus Florida: First record for the southeastern vicariance revisited. Condor 104:725–739. United States, with a review of its status in W, A. 1968. The Birds of the Republic of North America. North American Birds 58: Panamá, part 2. Smithsonian Miscellaneous 168–169. Collections, vol. 150. Rk, F. 2003. Notes on vagrancy in Brown- W, D. B., G. E. W. 1974. First headed Nuthatch, with a ention to recent North Atlantic record of the White Tern. range expansion and long-term habitat Auk 91:614–617. changes. North American Birds 57:422–428. W, H., D. A. C, D. N~. R~, R. S., P. J. Gk. 2001. The 1995. Woodpeckers: A Guide to the Birds of Ecuador, vol. 1: Status, Distribution, Woodpeckers of the World. Houghton and Taxonomy. Comstock Publishing Miffl in, Boston, Massachuse s. Associates, Ithaca, New York.

This Supplement is a publication of the American Ornithologists’ Union. Copies (and earlier Supplements) are available for $3.00 each from Buteo Books, 3130 Laurel Road, Shipman, Virginia 22971, USA. Buteo Books is the offi cial sales outlet for publications of the AOU.