Nonlinear Interaction of Laser Light with Vacuum
Apollon First User’s Meeting 12‐13 February 2016 Nonlinear interaction of laser light with vacuum
Introduction Nonlinear process in the laser-vacuum interaction Scattering of intense laser light in vacuum Feasibility of the experiment to detect the scattered light Summary
Ryosuke Kodama
Photon Pioneers Center and Graduate School of Engineering,
1
Osaka University, Japan Research Subjects in PhoPs Osaka Univ.
HERMES project: 0.5PWx2+XFEL(2016) High Energy density Revolution of Matter in Extreme States 200J/10ns+XFEL(2017) XFEL‐diffraction patterns to explore high pressured condensed matter with combination of high power lasers and XFEL.
LAPLACIAN project: Laser Acceleration PLAtform as a Coordinated Innovative Anchor Pointing stability : <100-200mrad to develop laser-plasma accelerator and its applications for compact radiation sources.
☞ Vacuum Quantum Optics:
Fast Focusing to understand the Vacuum Physics Plasma Mirror
1 cm 2 Exploration of Vacuum Quantum Optics with high power laser must be anew approach to understand the Vacuum Physics related to the Beginning of the Universe.
EM Wave creation and propagation in vacuum Vacuum Quantum Optics: affected by the strong filed.
Vacuum with Strong fields such as Vacuum Physics Electro-magnetic fields Quantum fluctuation Magnetic fields Acceleration fields Space-Time distortion
Scattered light from the Vacuum would be created by Investigation of the “Event Horizon” or space-time the vacuum polarization duetotheQuantum distortion in the Gravitational field would be made fluctuation, which should be related to the begging through the observation of “Unruh Effect”. of the Universe If Gravitational field = Acceleration field Focusing plasma mirror Scattered light pattern from vacuum 2 2
10-30PW Laser Black hall and Event Horizon Opt. Letts. 35, (2010) 2314 Phys. Rev. Letters 107, (2011) 073602 for the equivalent principle in the general theory of relativity 3 Photon Interactions with Vacuum: There are two different types of the interactions.
e.g. e‐e+:0.511MeV Enhancement of the Break of the Vacuum Vacuum quantum with photons fluctuation with external fields
• Enhancement of the fluctuation and • Pair Creation with a Multi photon process create the vacuum polarization with High order harmonics or XFEL high fields: • High energy Photon‐photon collider creates e.g. Scattering, Birefringence, high elementally particles from vacuum. ・・ order harmonic generation e.g. observation of hadron jet Optical Laser A cascade process of the pair creation initiated by a high energy photon or electron in the enhanced vacuum fluctuation. Optical Laser + X-ray or E beam
Ultra-intense Optical laser & Intense x-ray or electron beam will be required to explore the VQO. 4 Nonlinear process in the strong electro-magnetic field in Vacuum is given by the Lorentz invariant. To study the interaction of the laser light with vacuum, we calculate Lagrangian density L (F,G) of electromagnetic fields in a vacuum, which is represented by the sum of the densities due to the classical Lclass and QED L’ (F,G) terms. ' L(F,G) Lclass L(F,G)
Lclass L (F,G) L (F,G) 1 2 (4F 2 7G 2 ) F(8F 2 13G 2 ) Lclass 2 2 2 4 360 Ecr 630 Ecr Nonlinear term 2 2 3 Fine structure constant: e c Schwinger critical field: Ecr m c e L' L' L' L' P(F,G,E,B) E B, M(F,G,E,B) B E. F G F G Lorentz invariants 1 F B2 E2 0 2 Non-plane wave condition is required! G EB 0 5 Y. Monden and R. Kodama Phys. Rev. Letters 107, 073602 (2011)
1 F B2 E2 0 2 G EB 0
6 Polarization due to the nonlinear process in Vacuum Depends on the Focusing Cone Angle
L' L' 1 2 2 P(F,G,E,B) E B, F B E 0 f/number F G 2 G EB 0 Inner product 10 4 1 0.4 Lorentz invariants
Fast focusing plasma mirror
[arbitrary] Conventional
max focusing optics <|P|>
√ large
for the fixed focused intensity
Focusing Cone Angle [degrees] 7 Fast Focusing Optics f/< 0.5 can be Realized with a Spheroid Plasma Mirror in a Power Laser System
Advantage of the Spheroid Plasma Mirror • Realistic alignment geometry • Realization of Fast Optics 1cm • Preventing the prepulse effect
Realized the Fast Focusing of High Power Laser. Focused laser intensities was enhanced by 10-20 with the focusing plasma mirror.
Conventional optics :30cm for PW
M. Nakatsutsumi, R. Kodama et al., Opt. Letts. 35, (2010) 2314 8 Dependence of the Laser power and the Focusing geometry on the Scattered light from Vacuum
107 f/#=0.4 (θ~103deg) Counterf/#=1 (θ~54deg) propagation Phys. Rev. A 86, (2012) 033810 6 10 f/#=4 (θ~14deg) 10３ 105 ＋ Long focusing optics(f/8) 104 f/0.4) 3 10 Fast Focusing Plasma Mirror Fast Focusing Plasma Mirror Phys. Rev. Letters 107, (2011) 073602 102 ７ 10 10 1 cm ☟ Opt. Letts. 35, (2010) 2314 Photon Number of Scatter Light 1 11010 2 103 104 105 Laser Peak Power [PW] (10fs pulse)
9 Polarization of the scattered light is totally different from the Incident one as well as that from matter
1 F B 2 E 2 0 2 G E B 0
Y. Monden and R. Kodama Phys. Rev. Letters 107, 073602 (2011)
Feasibility of experiment to detect the scattered light? Noise sources: incident light and scattering from matter 10 Signal to Noise ratio for the detection of the scattered light from Vacuum with 10PW laser light
Scattered light Scattered light photons: 102 laser light photons: 1021 10223W/cm2 1 Beam 10PW
5 pieces of Polarizers confidentialTransmission:50% extinction ratio :10‐4
>3photons/10 noise photons: S/N>0.3 for single shot
>10 shot accumulation 11 Signal to Noise ratio for the detection of the scattered light from Vacuum with 2 beams of 1PW laser light
Scattered light Scattered light photons: 103 laser light photons: 1020 2 Beams 1PW 10223W/cm2
5 pieces of Polarizers confidentialTransmission:50% extinction ratio :10‐4
>30photons/1 noise photons: S/N>30 for single shot >10 shot accumulation for imaging? 12 The Perturbated Vacuum would be more cleared with the simultaneously applying the Passive and Active methods, if we had 20PW laser and PW laser driven X ray or Gamma ray .
Vacuum Birefringence
‐5 polarimeter =2‐6x10 rad 10keV 10223W/cm2 S/N==2‐6
XFEL driven by Laser Plasma Scattered light photons: 4x105 accelerator or 21 10PWx laser light photons: 10 ray 5 pieces of Polarizers >2 Beams Transmission:50% Scatteredconfidential light extinction ratio :10‐4 >10000photons/10nois photons: S/N>1000 No accumulation for imaging? 13 Scattered light from Vacuum could be detected in the near future, which would experimentally start the Vacuum Quantum Optics
107 f/#=0.4 (θ~103deg) f/#=1 (θ~54deg) 6 10 f/#=4S/N>1000 (θ~14deg) Imaging ELI-NP, EPoCH in Japan 105 ３ Counter propagation 104 10 Phys. Rev. A 86, (2012) 033810 S/N>30 Detectable 103 10７ ＋ Apollon 102 S/N>0.3 Fast Focusing Plasma Mirror accumulation Phys. Rev. Letters 107, (2011) 073602 10 f/0.4) (f/8) Photon Number of Scatter Light 1 11010 2 103 104 105 Laser Peak Power [PW] (10fs pulse)
14 Two projects in Japan are now under progress in advance of the EPoCH project Osaka Univ.,and JAEA KPSI has coordinated the community meeting 200J/0.1Hz long pulse laser+XFEL(2016‐) EPoCH laser High energy density Establishment for Power‐laser Community Harvest solid matter and material in Japan kJ‐10kJ + PW laser for Laser‐Accelerator XFEL Tera Pascal Science Super diamond Metallic carbon Exotic structured material 30PW Laser (2‐3beams) /10kJ long pulse laser Planetary Physics ・ +
Three subjects on high energy density sciences are carried out with high power lasers: •Laser plasma Accelerator and its application for XFEL •High pressured condensed matter as a new Solid states •Vacuum Quantum Optics for study the Vacuum physics
Scattered light from Vacuum could be detected in the near future in the Apollon Facility, ELI facilities or EPoCH in Japan, which would experimentally start the Vacuum Quantum Optics
Two projects are now under progress in advance of the 20- 30PW+10kJ EPoCH laser system. • LAPLACIAN project to develop laser-plasma accelerator and its applications for compact radiation sources. • HERMES project to study high pressure condensed matter in the regime of >TPa with combination of high power lasers and conventional XFEL. 17 I appreciate all the funds and the contributed members of the research groups in Osaka University and collaborators in the world :
Institute for Academic Initiatives (IAI), Osaka University Photon Pioneers Center (PhoPs), Osaka University Harima Center for Photon Sciences(HAPS), Osaka University
C-PhoST: Consortium for Photon Science and Technology in Kansai HERMES project: High Energy density Revolution of Matter in Extreme States LAPLACIAN project: Laser Acceleration Platform as a Coordinated Innovative Anchor International Alliance on HED matter (JSPS)
Photon Frontier Network program in Japan (MEXT JST) ImPACT: Impulsing Paradigm Change through disruptive Technologies (CAO JST ) X-ray Free Electron Laseｒ Priority Strategic Program (MEXT JST) JSPS Core to Core Program (MEXT JSPS)
Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Genesis Research Institute, Inc. 42 Thank you for your attentions!
43 Two projects in japan are now under progress in advance of the EPoCH laser system to expand the field of HED states
Osaka Univ.,and JAEA KPSI has coordinated the community meeting 200J/0.1Hz long pulse laser+XFEL(2016‐) EPoCH laser High energy density Establishment for Power‐laser Community Harvest solid matter and material in Japan kJ‐10kJ + PW laser for Laser‐Accelerator XFEL Tera Pascal Science Super diamond Metallic carbon Exotic structured material 30PW Laser (2‐3beams) /10kJ long pulse laser Planetary Physics ・ + PW laser for Laser‐Accelerator XFEL ・ Vacuum Quantum Optics Laser ‐Accelerator XFEL Strong EM field and Magnetic field Strong acceleration field High Field Science Laboratory Astro physics ・ 200TW Laser (3beams) + PW Laser(2beams 1Hz) + XFEL (2016‐) Plasma devices+micro undurator (2017‐) High field science Laser Plasma accelerator development by Osaka Univ. JAEA, RIKEN, other Univ. by Osaka Univ. JAEA, RIKEN, KEK and other Univ. 41 Active Methodｓ to detect the “Unruh Effect” have been Proposed, which must be more realistic as compared with a passive method or measurements of the self-emission due to the Unruh effect
Acceleration in Wakefield Oscillation of Electron
High density (1023cm‐3) Low density(1019cm‐3) XFEL Optical Laser 1019w/cm2 1019w/cm2
XFEL or XFEL or Quiver motion high order harmonics high order harmonics Quiver motion
M. Yano et al. , to be submitted 2015 M. Yano et al. , to be submitted 2015 R. Bingham et al. , SCIENTIFIC REPORTS,2,491(2012)
Photon Number of Scattered light: 5 /shot 106 /shot 55/shot
Double Scattering method Single Scattering method • ElectronsasaEmitterandadetectorofthe • The detector is in the laboratory frame whereas scattered light is in the same frame. the electrons as an emitter of the scattered light is • We must detect the scattered light influenced by in the different frame. the acceleration field but the efficiency of • Absorption and emission due to the dipole is not scattering could be critical to be observed. symmetry. Then we may expect detection of • We may expect scattering by the multi-bunched scattered light influenced by the acceleration field. electrons in the multi-Wakefield packet . 39
The Fields could be Expanding from the Plasma States to the Vacuum with a Strong Field and the Vacuum quantum Optics would be Explored .
Vacuum Quantum Optics
Necessary of Plasma Device Technologies as well as High Power Laser Tech.
High Energy Density Solid Matter with >TPa
30 High Power Laser Alliance in Japan or 100km High Power Laser Facility will be launched in 2016
100km 40km
39 Two Projects(HERMES and LAPLACIAN) on HEDS are carried out by Osaka University under collaboration with RIKKEN SPring-8
X-ray Optics Lab.
HERMES Power Lasers
LAPLACIAN power Laser
ＨＥＲＭＥＳ Project LAPLACIAN Project with High Power Laser and XFEL Laser Accelerator Platform as a Coordinated Innovative Anchor
• 40TW short pulse(10Hz) • 200-400J/530nm long tailored pulse(0.1Hz) • 500TW short pulse(1Hz)x2bems
13 Precise Estimation of the Temperature and Pressure of Carbon in the TPa regime from SOP and VISAR The experiments are well consistent to the QMD model calculation at near the melting point transparent reflective 4 Exp. QMD
K) SESAME 4 3 (10
Latent heat 2 Fluid Plasma? 1 Metallic Liquid? Temperature BC8 0 Diamond 0 1.0 2.0
Pressure (TPa) Chemical bonding energy of the diamond crystal: 357kJ/mol 11 Anomalous Elastic Stress and Mixture of Metal and Semiconductor in the Dynamically Compressed Si
Laser
(1-1-3) (1-13) (004)
1D-Elastic 3D-Plastic Optical probe X-ray diffraction 60GPa
(2 -2 -4) (0 0 4)
Compressed 20GPa Diamond
(1 -1 -3) (1 -1 3) Metallic Si (imma)
60GPa
Anomalous Elastic Compression (GPa) 20GPa Compressed Diamond No hcp at 60GPa Hugoniot Elastic limit(8GPa)
Imma (Metal)
Mogni, Wark et al, PRB 2014 21 Osaka University International Collaborators
Domestic Academic 2PW/kJ + kJ long Collaborators pulse lasers Industry Laser technology Plasma Photonics Collaborator ICT, Ai technology Photon Science Plasma device Technological X‐ray Optics Personal circulation High Power Laser Photonics circulation Radiation Science Alliance Laser Science Accelerator technology Radiation Source technology in Japan Ultra‐intense laser technology X‐ray Diagnostics Beam generation XFEL+ Beam application 2x500TW(25f/1Hz) +200J long(Osaka) PW 30fs/0.1Hz Laser
JAEA KPSI* RIKEN5 SPring-8 ＊New system from April 2016 Japan Quantum Science Technology Agency Combination of high power laser and XFEL opens new fields of HEDS in the HERMES 1st 40TW laser 2nd Full coherent XFEL 3rd Full coherent XFEL 40J long pulse laser >2-400J long pulse laser >kJ long pulse laser Double XFEL beams >500TW laser >10PW laser
GeV ＱＧＰ Vacuum Quantum Optics Coherent nuclear optics Laser Accelerated Beam and its Application ＥＰＰ RＰ Phys. Rev. Letters 107, (2011) 073602 Laser Relativistic Plasma MeV Subjects Fields ＨＤＭ Laser processing XFELHDM Extreme condition material Lab. astrophysics Material Science material in Planet Planetary Physics keV Plasma Physics WDM High Pressure Science Laser ICE Comp. relativistic plasma Atomic Physics Atomic Physics +XFEL heating ＋ ＸＦＥＬWDM Core of Super earth Plasma Science ＷＤＭ ＋ Laser Produced Plasma metallization physics（>3TPa) Lab. Astrophysics Astro plasma laser-acceleration application Nuclear Science Giant Planet, Super earth Hydrogen Science eV Laser Compression nuclear coherent control Planetary Physics Quantum beam Science Solid ＋ Meteoritics, Vacuum polarization + High Energy Density Vacuum Quantum Laser processing, nonlinear QED temperature Solid State Physics Solid States Optics density １ Compression ＞ＴＰａ 11