III.

NOTICE OF A FRAGMENT OF A RUNE-INSCRIBED CROSS-SLAB, FOUND INCHMARNOCKN O , BUTESHIRE. BY GEO . BLACKF . , ASSISTANT IN THE MUSEUM.

The fragment of rune-inscribed cross-slab which forms the subject of this notic s recentlewa y forwarde e Museu th e Marques th o t d y mb f o s Bute, K.T., Vice-President of the Society. His Lordship's factor, Mr John Windsor Stuart, states that the fragment was found on the burying-ground ol e th sit f eo d connected wit chapee t MarnockhS th f o l , on Andersonr lettea D n o I t r r Stuar. M , t saye : s" Th farmer showee placth e dm wher e founh e e rune-stoneth d e w d an , opened what appearee placegrava th t waI e t b a e. s o dt line d with thin, flat stones, evidently waterwor broughd nan t fro e shormth e ; but ther nothins ewa g insidt eve no triee bonena , e it W d .anothe r place— a mound—and found a fragment of soft sandstone, after washing which there appeared some carving like flower r somethino s f thago t sort." The rune-inscribed fragment (fig. 1), which is of schistose slate, measures only 7f inches in greatest length and 8j inches in greatest breadth, and is that part of the slab where the arms of the cross unite wit shafte e e croswheel-heade s beehth th Th f ha s n.o d form, standing in relief fro e surroundinmth g surface inscriptioe slabTh th .f eo s i n e writteordinarth n i n y e lateforth f rm o Scandinavia n runes, with d extendan , "e s stung r alonfo i "g bot he e cross th armTh f . o s FRAGMENT OF A EUNE-INSCKIBED CEOSS-SLAB. 439 inscriptioe th f o d unfortunatele beginninnen ar e th d gan y broken away, but what remains reads : " . . . KRUS . THINE . TIL . GUTHLE ..." Althoug lattee th h e name persor th th par f f eo whoo o nt crose mth s was raise brokes di n away, ther littls ei e eithes doubwa t ri t Guthleir o f

Fig . Rune-inscribe1 . d Slab from Inehmarnock.

Guthleik, probably the former. Kestoring the last two letters of the former name, the whole inscription would read as follows :— . RAISED'N . "(N ) THIS CROS GUTHLEIF.O ST " Norwegiae th n I n accoun f Kino t g Haco's expedition against in 1263, a Gudleik Sneis is mentioned as one of a company particularly selected by Haco for his own ship. It would be unsafe to assume, however, tha e inscriptioth t n l probabilitreferal himf n o i t o s s s a i , t yi a much earlier date. The demonstrative pronoun thine is interesting as adding another exampl mane th yo et way whicn si wore hth s spelledi d in the later runic inscriptions. On the island of Bornholm, for example, many inscriptions in the later runes have been found,1 and among them 1 Vedel, Bornholm Oldtidsminder Oldsagcr,g o . 405-407pp . y

440 PHOCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, APEIL 14, 1890.

we fine worth d d spelleo lesn s n di than differente n t ways, viz.: thana, tliena, thina, thensa, thinsa, fhinsi, thesi, thisi, thusi, thitsi. Prof. Dr George Stephens, in his Old Northern Runic Monuments of Scandi- navia, d England,an . 1014 p vol s . alsii .ha ,o collecte dlarga e number of spelling f bot o se singula hth plurad an r e reversl th forms n f O o e . the fragment there are a number of faintly incised lines enclosed within an incised border, but if meant for runes they are too illegible to be made out. As regards the date of the Inchmarnock inscription there can be, 1 think, littlrunie th es c a samdoube inscriptione th ag f e o t thas i t i tn i s St Molio's Cave, Holy Island, Arran, which have been described by Sir Daniel Wilson in an earlier volume of the Society's Proceedings.1 A few notes on the history of the island and on the after whom t is,namei addee dar d below. 1 The island of or Inchmarnock was gifted to the monastery of Sadell by Eoderick of , a grandson of Somerled the younger, Kin f Mano g , abou yeae th t r e 1220 th n 157 I n e i islan. th 2s dwa possession of the Bishop of Argyll, who granted a charter2 (January 22, 1572) "ad feudifirman dimisit Hugoni Cunynghame, fratri suo germane, &c. 5 librat., ' terraru e Inchmerno.md n I 159" 8 John Stewart purchase e islanth d d from Bannatyn f Inchmarnocko e o wh , frou e Bishofe mth n i helf Argyll o pt i d . Five years later " John Stuart, of Ardrnoleis, Sheriff of Bute," complained (January 11, 1603) to the Privy Council that his lands had been invaded by Campbells and others with convocatio f "no brokin heyland e numbemen,th o t f " o r twelve hundred d amonan ; g other things " they also reft e furtth f ho said Sheriff's lands of.Inchemernok ten sheep, a fat cow, and plenishing worth £20," besides the plenishing and victuals of some of his tenants and their " haill plew irnis." 8 The earliest mention of the chapel on Inchmarnock is by Fordun (lib. ii. cap. x.), who describes it as a cell of monks, "'Insula Inchemer-

nock et ibi cella monachorum." In Bleau's map of Bute the island is Proceedings1 Sac. Ant. Scot., Seriesw . 45-56 Ne vol pp ,, v. .. * Megistrwn Magni Sigilli Megian Scotonmi, 1546-1580, p. 554. 3 Register Privy Council, . 518 p vol . .vi . FRAGMENT OF A RUNE-INSCRIBED CROSS-SLAB. 441

called Kildavanach, which mean samee e chapel tracth th s Al f e.s o i l now obliterated.1 St Marnan or Marnock, after whom the island is named, is mentioned e Aberdeeth n i n Breviary unde e datth r e Marc , A.D1 h . e 625Th . legene Breviarth n di s filleyi d wit praise hth f hieo s virtues, especially gif preachinghis of t honoureMen ". tanquahim d m deu mterris.in " He died at a great age, and was buried in the church of Abirkerdoure (now Aberchirder), which was dedicated to him, in Banffshire, where for long after healt s restore e sickly wa hs th heas washe Hi o t dwa d. d every Sunday in the year, amid the prayers of the clergy and the blazing of lights, and the water drunk by sick persons on account of its curative properties !2 Camerarius says that the saint's head was the objec f greao t t devotio s n Moraviacarriei n wa n processionsd i d an , , attende clae whole th th n f y Inneseo db , &c., " Habebat Moravia Sancti Marnani caput, quod summa cum pompa et honore (comitante prsesertium Innesiorum tribu nobil t perantiquae i , quee tenerrim n i Marnanuo m ferebatur affectu) ad seris serenitatem a Deo postulandam circumferri solobat. Extat ecclesia Aberkerdoure Dunerno omne irrigata Marnani nomine, peregrinantiu sacramd a s ibidem Marnani reliquias Celebris."n I 3 the Irish Kalendars, St Marnock is identified with St Ernin, whose day is the 18t Augustf ho : "Ernin Mernocc. .i Raith6 Naoi i nUibh Garrchon .i.i Fothartaibh Laighen: ocus Chillo draighnech i nllibh drona,' Ernin, i.e., Mernocc f Rath-nao,o i [Eathnew Un ]i i Garrchon Fotharte , i.e.,th n i a of Leinster Cill-draighnecf o d an : h [Kildreenagh i Drona.'U n ]i " 4 In a perambulation of the lands of Yochry and Achbrady, belonging to the church of Aberkeyrdor, mention is made of an oath, " sworne tharto apone Sanct Marnoys ferteris (i.e., feretrum), n preseni e 6 th f o s 1 Reid, History of the , p. 30. Breviarium Aberdonense, pars hym. fol. Ix. b. Ixi. 2

Scotorume 3D fortitudine, doctrina pielate& (Paris, 1631) . 108pp , , 109. Marian.4 Gform.; Gal. Dungall, . 223p , quote Reevesy db , Adamnan Vit. Sand;. Columb.,}). 26. According to Reeves, "Mernoc is a contraction of Mo-Ernin-occ, prefie th suffie xth denotinxd little,an , tha o name gs my th t e thus altered conveyed additionae th l expression affectiof so familiarity.d an n " The word feretrum usually means a "bier" or "coffin," but in mediaeval Latin

it 5 acquired the additional meaning of a "shirne." See also preface to Registman Moraviense, . xxx.p , note. 442 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, APRIL 14, 1890.

Kyngis iustice,"1 &c. Mention is also made2 of a great oath being taken, " capite Sancti Marnani presente. t MarnocS " patros wa kf no the family of Innes, who got the thanedom of Aberchirder through the marriage of Sir Eobert Innes with Janet Aberkirder, about the end of the fourteenth or beginning of the fifteenth century.3 In 1348, Adam, Bishop of Brechin, in dealing with the lands of the chapelry of Boith, appoints tha Vicae th t f Monikio r e (Monzeky) shall every year celebrate the Mass de Sancto Marnoco, " et quicumque pro tempore fuerit vicarius e Monzekd y missa e mbeatd o Marnoco futuris perpetuis temporibus celehren facianseu t t celebrari. Liberthe In "Ecdesie 4 TrinitatisS. de Scon (pp. 186, 187) is a gift to the convent "De terra et capella Sci Mernoci infra fossata," dated the 10th of April 1456. In the same chartulary (p. 231) there is a grant "To James Hepburne of Kowandstoun, and Jonet Oliphant his spous, quarter of the toun and landi f Balquhormoco s e crofth td callian k t Sanctmernockis croft als the chapel-yaird with the chapell of Sauctmernock with the yaird stane dyikis about the samin and the doucat croft; 15 March 1585." In the " Rentall of the Commoun landis perteaning to the burghe of Sterling sett doune in May 1652, there is an entry under " St Lawrance Altar," of " St Marnokes chappell and yaird at the brig, £2, Os. Od." 5 Numerous places in Scotland, besides •Inchmarnock in Bute, have been named after this saint. About three miles south from the church of Kilfanan " is to be seen the foundation and a small part of the wall chapea of l surrounde a churchyard y b d a smal n o , l field called Ar d Marnock, i.e., St Marnock's Field. . . . About 300 yards above this chapel eminencen a n o , celd a par, f anothean lo t r appeare th n i s pila f stonef eo o r d borradh.o sen .... Ther a traditio e s i eth n i n countr . tha entire . th t. y e whers cel t wa lMarnoc S e k retireo d o t d penance." e parisTh f Aberchirde6ho s alsi r o called Marnoch welA . l near the manse is called the Saint's Well. Here on the second Tuesday 1 Eegistrum de Aberbrothock, vol. ii. p. 277 ; see also Segistrum Moramense, pp. 247-249. 2 Eegistrum Abcrbrotkock,e d . 278p . 3 Douglas, Baronage of Scotland, . 14p . 4 Registrum Episcopate Brechinensis, vol. i. p. 12. 5 Extracts from Records Burghe oth f of Stirling, 1519-1666 . 299p , . Statisticald Ol G Account, vol. xir . 258p . . FKAGMEN BUNE-INSCEIBEA F O T D CEOSS-SLAB3 44 .

of March, is held an annual market, called Marnoch Fair.1 . Just beneath churce th f Aberchirdeho t Marnan'S s i r a hil sn l o Fordhar d y b dan , was a stone called St Marnan's chair.2 Besides in Ayr- d churcol shire f e Leocheo hth , s dedicatewa l o him t t dFowlis A . - Easter a church was dedicated to him by David de Bernham,3 on August 31, 1242. At Benholm, Kincardineshire, there is St Marny's Well; at Little , Perthshire, there is a place called Dalmar- nock, and there is another on the Clyde near . Ther s als n Inchmarnockea owa a suppresse, d parish unitew no ,o t d Glentanner and Aboyne.4

MONDAY, 12thy 1890Ma . GILBERT GOUDIE, Treasurer, in the Chair.

BalloA t having been taken e followinth , g Gentlemen were duly elected Fellows:— JOHN FEHGUSON, LL.D., Professor of Chemistry, . JOHN OSWALD MITCHELL, B.A., 69 E. Howard Street, Glasgow. CHARLES JAMES SPENCE, Banker, North Shields. e followinth d alss An ogwa balloted ford admittean , dCorrespondina g Member of the Society :— Bev. JOHN M'LEAN, Grantully, Aberfeldy.

The following Donations to the Museum and Library were laid on the table, and thanks voted to the Donors:— (1) By HUBERT PATON, 14 George Square. "Wooden Yoke, found in a peat-moss at Lochnell, Argyleshire.

Statisticalw Ne Account, vol. xiii. 382pp . , 386. 1 2 Collections Shirese th n o of Banffd an (Spalding Club) ,. 189p vol . .ii . 3 Lockhart, Chunk of Scotland Thirteenthe th n i Century,. 51 . p 4 Old Statistical Account, vol. xix. p. 296.