February 2011 CLASSIFICATION DEFINITIONS 84 - 1

CLASS 84, MUSIC SECTION III - REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES SECTION I - CLASS DEFINITION SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: This class includes the instruments used in producing 381, Electrical Audio Signal Processing Systems music and includes (1) electrical music instruments, (2) and Devices, subclass 118 for amplifying and automatic instruments, and (3) those hand played. The reproducing the sounds of musical instruments. automatic instruments and the hand played instruments 984, Musical Instruments, an alternative search of have a parallel classification so far as seems practical, the type of subject matter generally found in and in both the patents are divided in the usual way into Class 84 may also be found in Class 984 which four groups, stringed, wind, rigid vibrators, and mem- is based on a modification of the European branes. Then follow details or features common to Patent Office. groups (1), (2), and (3). This class also includes some accessory devices generally recognized as belonging to the art or industry. SUBCLASSES

SECTION II - LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES 1 INSTRUMENTS: AND WITHIN THIS CLASS This subclass is indented under the class definition. Patents not classified in any of the sub- Instruments furnishing a sound of only one pitch, even if classes below. it might be used for musical purposes, are generally to be found in Class 116, Signals and Indicators; Class 2 Combined: 446, Amusement Devices: Toys, subclasses 207-209 The instrument includes two sets of sounding- and 397-422; Class 472, Amusement Devices, subclass bodies which belong to different groups, as 64; or Class 623, Prosthesis (i.e., Artificial Body Mem- specified above. bers), Parts Thereof or Aids and Accessories Therefor, subclass 9 for larynxes. (1) Note. Drums, chimes, etc., used as attachments to pianos belong here or in Phonographs, unless in combination with a recognized subclass 3 or subclass 6. musical instrument, are to be searched for in Class 369, Dynamic Information Storage or Retrieval. 3 Electric: The instruments have electric circuits. Printed music and systems of notation are to be found in Class 84 (this class), Music, subclass 483.2. 4 With phonograph: This subclass is indented under subclass 3. A Bellows and wind flow regulators, unless specifically piano or other accompaniment is provided for a adapted to musical instruments are to be found in Class phonograph cylinder or disk. 60, Power Plants; subclasses 407-412; Class 91, Motors: Expansible Chamber Type; Class 92, Expansible Cham- SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: ber Devices; and Class 417, Pumps. 352, Optics: Motion Pictures, subclasses 12 through 24 for synchronizing a Many features of construction or manufacture should be sound-producer with a cinemato- sought for in woodworking or metal-working and many graph. details not limited to this art in appropriate classes, such as pedals, supports, clamps, cases, springs, etc. 5 Electrical connections: This subclass is indented under subclass 4. For instrument supports of general application not The synchronizing devices include electric cir- claimed in combination with musical instruments or cuits. structurally limited to use with specific musical instruments, see Class 248, Supports, appropriate subclasses. 6 Pneumatic: This subclass is indented under subclass 3. The sounding-bodies of one or both sets are operated by player-pneumatics.

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7Stringed: 16 Constant power: String-playing devices not belonging in a spe- This subclass is indented under subclass 13. cific subclass. The blow is struck by power derived from a rotating shaft or other constantly-operating 8 With picking devices: source. This subclass is indented under subclass 7. Self-playing banjos, mandolins, zithers, etc., 17 Electric control: often with fingering devices and pneumatic This subclass is indented under subclass 16. mechanism. The connections between the source of power and the strikers are controlled electrically. 9 Electric: This subclass is indented under subclass 8. 18 Key actuators: The instruments have electric circuits. This subclass is indented under subclass 17. The power acts directly on the keys. 10 With bowing devices: This subclass is indented under subclass 7. (1) Note. Most of the patents in this and in Self-playing violins, usually with fingering or the preceding subclass are of the roller- stopping devices, sometimes with pneumatic and-shoe type. mechanism. 19 Electric power: 11 Electric: This subclass is indented under subclass 13. This subclass is indented under subclass 10. The power is derived from a source of electric- The instruments have electric circuits. ity.

12 With striking devices: 20 Key actuators: This subclass is indented under subclass 7. This subclass is indented under subclass 19. Stringed instruments of various types with The power acts on the keys. strikers, sometimes operated by pneumatics. 21 With expression: 13 Pianos: This subclass is indented under subclass 20. This subclass is indented under subclass 7. These patents include means for varying the Patents for the complete instrument or for fea- force of the blow, usually electric resistances. tures not specific to a subclass below. 22 By voltage change: SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- This subclass is indented under subclass 21. CLASS: Expression is secured by varying the voltage. 105 through 114, for players readily removable from the piano and appli- 23 With expression: cable also to a reed-organ keyboard. This subclass is indented under subclass 19. 115 through 166, for an invention limited Devices similar to those of subclass 19, but the to features of the selecting mecha- piano-key is not involved. nism. 24 Pneumatic type: 14 Without keys: This subclass is indented under subclass 13. This subclass is indented under subclass 13. This is the common type of player-piano Instruments of the piano type for automatic wherein the blows are caused by small bellows playing exclusively. called “striker-pneumatics”, one to each hammer. 15 Half width: This subclass is indented under subclass 14. (1) Note. The patents classified herein gen- Automatic pianos having the strings in two nar- erally disclose a complete mechanism row sets. and often claim details of selecting

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mechanism as well as the playing mechanism. 32 Double length: This subclass is indented under subclass 31. 25 Key actuators: The two rows are in the same line, so that the This subclass is indented under subclass 24. tracker is longer than usual. Like the preceding subclass except that the striker-pneumatic acts on the key. 33 Expression mechanism: This subclass is indented under subclass 24. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- Miscellaneous devices for giving expression to CLASS: the music. 105 through 114, for this feature. (1) Note. In the art, the term “expression” 26 Grands: usually refers only to controlling the This subclass is indented under subclass 24. force of the blow. Patents showing a pneumatic action built into a grand piano. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- CLASS: 27 Connections to piano action: 128, through 131, for tempo control. This subclass is indented under subclass 26. Patents claiming novelty in the connections 34 Parts of piano moved: from the pneumatics to the grand-piano action. This subclass is indented under subclass 33. The pedals or other parts of the piano are 28 Action above keyboard: moved for expression. This subclass is indented under subclass 24. Limited to patents in which the claims in terms SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- or in substance require the striker-pneumatics CLASS: to be above the keyboard. 216 through 224, for expression devices.

29 Action below keyboard: 35 Rest rail shifted: This subclass is indented under subclass 24. This subclass is indented under subclass 34. Similarly limited to cases having the pneumat- The hammer rest-rail is shifted, usually in sec- ics below the keyboard. tions and without depressing the pedal.

30 Location of parts: SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- This subclass is indented under subclass 24. CLASS: Patents in which the parts are fitted into the 219 through 223, for pianissimo devices. piano in a novel way or are located in unusual positions. 36 Normally in short stroke position: This subclass is indented under subclass 35. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- Normally the hammers are in position for pia- CLASS: nissimo effect. 116, for patents wherein only the tracker- box location is novel. 37 Position controlled from reservoir: This subclass is indented under subclass 35. 31 With double tracker: The rest-rail is automatically shifted as the This subclass is indented under subclass 24. wind-pressure in the reservoir varies. The tracker has two sets of rows of note perforations, both normally in use to obtain expres- 38 Graduated shift: sion. This subclass is indented under subclass 35. The ends of the rest-rail may move through SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- unequal distances, so the musical effect is CLASS: graduated from bass to treble. 146, 148, and 152, for sheets and trackers.

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39 Wind pressure varied: 48 Pneumatic details: This subclass is indented under subclass 33. This subclass is indented under subclass 33. The pressure of wind supplied to some or all of Pneumatic details limited to parts of the the striker-pneumatics is varied to obtain expression mechanism. accent. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- 40 By pumping: CLASS: This subclass is indented under subclass 39. 50, for similar constructions which do not The variation is due to a change in the pump- have this limitation. ing. 49 Hand controllers: 41 By throttling: This subclass is indented under subclass 33. This subclass is indented under subclass 39. Levers or buttons for controlling expression. The variation is due to a change in the cross- The patents generally show also tempo-con- section of the wind-passage. trollers.

42 By regulating chamber: SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- This subclass is indented under subclass 39. CLASS: The variation is due to the action of a variable 164, for expression and tempo marks. chamber additional to the reservoir. 169, for indicators.

43 By use of two pressures: 50 Pneumatic construction: This subclass is indented under subclass 39. This subclass is indented under subclass 24. The variation is due to the alternate use of two Improvements in the controlling parts between wind-chambers holding air, respectively, at the reservoir and the striker-pneumatics. high and low tension. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- 44 Two cooperating pneumatics to each note: CLASS: This subclass is indented under subclass 33. 48, for pneumatic details limited to There are two striker-pneumatics for each note, expression mechanism. one or both of which may be used. 79, for various elements that do not include controlling-pneumatics. 45 Two opposing pneumatics to each note: This subclass is indented under subclass 33. 51 Both primaries and secondaries: The movement of the striker-pneumatic may be This subclass is indented under subclass 50. retarded by another pneumatic. The pneumatic train includes both primary and secondary valves, sometimes called the “dou- 46 Transmission varied: ble-valve system”. This subclass is indented under subclass 33. The fulcrum of a lever is shiftable or the con- 52 Lower leaf moved: nections between the pneumatic and the ham- This subclass is indented under subclass 51. mer are otherwise varied. The lower leaf of the striker-pneumatic is the movable one. 47 Systematic variations: This subclass is indented under subclass 33. 53 Lower leaf moved: The force of the blow is systematically or peri- This subclass is indented under subclass 50. odically varied independently of the hand-con- Like the preceding subclass except that there is trollers or note-sheet. no secondary valve.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- 54 Striker pneumatics in wind chest: CLASS: This subclass is indented under subclass 50. 157, for devices to avoid mechanically The striker-pneumatics are located in the wind- accurate playing. chest.

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(1) Note. Pneumatics in a wind-chest to 64 Screening and cleaning: operate valves are shown in many pat- This subclass is indented under subclass 50. ents in this art and in the organ art. Means to prevent dust from entering the action or for removing it. 55 Units: This subclass is indented under subclass 50. 65 Power pneumatics: The construction involves many duplicate parts This subclass is indented under subclass 24. that are readily detachable. Pneumatics to strike the keys or throw the hammers or exert power otherwise. 56 Metal: This subclass is indented under subclass 55. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- These parts are of metal. CLASS: 50 through 64, for pneumatics that shift 57 Tubes and junctions: the valves. This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Patents involving the position or location of 66 Connections to hammers: tubes from the tracker or other part and means This subclass is indented under subclass 65. for connecting tubes, such as junction plates or Patents covering various forms of connections bars. between the pneumatic and the hammer.

58 Bleeds: 67 To key: This subclass is indented under subclass 50. This subclass is indented under subclass 66. Constructions having minute openings into a The connection engages the key. passage, especially into a tracker-duct. 68 To abstract: 59 With valve: This subclass is indented under subclass 66. This subclass is indented under subclass 58. The connection engages the abstract. The bleed is closed by a valve during part of the cycle of operations. 69 To wippen: This subclass is indented under subclass 66. 60 Valves and seats: The connection engages the wippen. This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Patents pertaining to automatics having novelty 70 Wind-supply devices: in the valve or its seat. This subclass is indented under subclass 24. Means not otherwise classified pertaining to 61 Inside: the supply of wind. This subclass is indented under subclass 60. Patents for double valves, the operating-sur- SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- faces of which face one another. CLASS: 355, for wind supply devices. 62 Outside: This subclass is indented under subclass 60. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: Patents for double valves, the operating-sur- 417, Pumps, appropriate subclasses for a faces of which face away from one another. pump, per se.

63 Adjustable: 71 In grands: This subclass is indented under subclass 62. This subclass is indented under subclass 70. Similar to the preceding except that the dis- The construction is specially fitted for grand tance between the surfaces is adjustable. pianos.

72 Pedals: This subclass is indented under subclass 70. Pedals connected to operate bellows.

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SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- 81 Upper panel: CLASS: Improvements relating to the panel in front of 225 through 233, for piano-pedals. the tracker-box. 353, and 357, for organ-pedals. 82 Lower panel: 73 Folding: Improvements relating to the panel in front of This subclass is indented under subclass 72. the pedals. The pedals may be folded into the piano-case. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- 74 With keylock: CLASS: This subclass is indented under subclass 72. 75 through 78, for pedals, if claimed. Devices to lock the keys when the pedals are drawn out. 83 Wind: Automatic wind instruments not otherwise SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- classified, as accordions, flutes, etc. CLASS: 167, for other key-locks. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- CLASS: 75 With doors: 330 through 401, for features not limited This subclass is indented under subclass 72. to automatic instruments. Pedals with doors to hide them. 84 Organs: 76 Operating together: This subclass is indented under subclass 83. This subclass is indented under subclass 75. Miscellaneous organ constructions having Mechanism to open the doors and throw down either pipes or reeds, or both. the pedals by a single action of the performer. 85 Stop actions: 77 Door-carried pedal: This subclass is indented under subclass 84. This subclass is indented under subclass 76. Improvements in the stop-action. The pedal is attached to the inside of the door. 86 Cylinder: 78 Upper panel moved: This subclass is indented under subclass 84. This subclass is indented under subclass 76. The selection of notes is determined by pins on The panel in front of the tracker-box is shifted a cylinder. simultaneously with the pedal-door. 87 Disk: 79 Distribution: This subclass is indented under subclass 84. This subclass is indented under subclass 70. The selection of notes is determined by projec- Various elements between the bellows and the tions or perforations on a disk. controlling-pneumatics, especially reservoirs and wind-chests. 88 Electropneumatic action: This subclass is indented under subclass 84. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: Electropneumatic organs with automatic con- 417, Pumps, subclasses 279-311 for pumps trol. having condition responsive control of the fluid handled by the pump. 89 Pneumatic action: This subclass is indented under subclass 84. 80 Key slips: Pneumatic organs with automatic control only. The key-slip or part of it is movable to uncover or shift various parts preparatory to playing. 90 With keys: This subclass is indented under subclass 89. Pneumatic organs with both automatic and key control.

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for, with a working surface having 91 Pipe organ: projections, indentations, or slits. This subclass is indented under subclass 89. Pneumatic pipe-organs with automatic control. 97 Disk type: This subclass is indented under subclass 94.1. 92 Organettes: The teeth of the comb are picked by projections This subclass is indented under subclass 83. on a rotating disk. Small reed-organs with hand-operated bellows and a paper sheet serving as valves for the (1) Note. Includes Regina music-boxes. reeds. 98 With star wheels: 93 Mouth blown: This subclass is indented under subclass 97. This subclass is indented under subclass 83. Star-wheels are used between the disk and The instruments are small enough to be blown comb. by the player. 99 Multiple disks: 94.1 Combs: This subclass is indented under subclass 97. Miscellaneous instruments having a comb, the Instruments with two or more disks and gener- teeth of which are tuned to be the sounders. ally with devices for setting them in playing position. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 132, Toilet, subclasses 219-163 for toilet (1) Note. Some are coin-controlled. combs. 100 With phonograph spindle: 94.2 Combined: This subclass is indented under subclass 97. This subclass is indented under subclass 94.1. The motor of the music-box is utilized to drive Miscellaneous instruments combined with a spindle for a phonograph. other art devices. 101 Note-sheet type: 95.1 Cylinder type: This subclass is indented under subclass 94.1. This subclass is indented under subclass 94.1. The selector is a note-sheet and usually oper- Subject matter wherein the teeth of the comb ates star-wheels. are picked by pins on a rotating cylinder. (1) Note. Sometimes the sheet controls the (1) Note. Includes Swiss music-boxes. protrusion of pins beyond the surface of a cylinder. 95.2 Combined: This subclass is indented under subclass 95.1. 102 Bars: Subject matter combined with other art Automatic instruments having vibrating bars devices. and not elsewhere classifiable.

96 Cylinder construction: SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- This subclass is indented under subclass 95.1. CLASS: Details of the construction of the cylinder. 2, 3, 6, 403, 404, and 405, for comparable inventions. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- CLASS: 103 Bells: 86, for cylinders having pins determining Automatic instruments having vibrating bells note selection. and not elsewhere classifiable.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- 492, Roll or Roller, subclasses 30-37 for a CLASS: roll, per se, not elsewhere provided 406, and 407, for comparable inventions.

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104 Drums: 111 Striker details: Automatic instruments having vibrating drums This subclass is indented under subclass 105. and not elsewhere classifiable. Details of the strikers or fingers that engage the piano-keys. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- CLASS: 112 Constant power: 2, 3 and 6, for comparable inventions. This subclass is indented under subclass 105. The key-striker is operated from a constantly- 105 Outside players: moving source of power. Instruments including a sheet or other selector, playing mechanism, and striker to act on the 113 Electric control: keys of a piano or organ and readily separable This subclass is indented under subclass 112. from the latter. The engagement between the source of power and the striker is controlled electrically. (1) Note. Some have a set of reeds or other sounders. 114 Pneumatic control: This subclass is indented under subclass 112. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- The engagement between the source of power CLASS: and the striker is controlled pneumatically. 24 through 82, for pneumatic-type pianos unless the construction is limited to an 115 Selectors: outside player. The means for determining which notes of the piano, organ, etc., shall be sounded. 106 Cylinder or disk: This subclass is indented under subclass 105. (1) Subject matter usually includes a The selector is a cylinder or disk. tracker-bar, a perforated sheet, and driving means. 107 Electric or electropneumatic: This subclass is indented under subclass 105. (2) Note. These features are shown in auto- The power is electromagnetic or electropneumatic telegraphs and in patents in many matic. other subclasses of this class, and are sometimes claimed along with playing 108 Cabinet type: mechanism, such as in subclasses 24 This subclass is indented under subclass 105. through 52. The instrument stands on the floor instead of on the piano. (3) Note. This subclass includes also details and optical or other attachments to the 109 Case connectors: selector not otherwise classified. This subclass is indented under subclass 108. Means for detachably holding the cabinet to the SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- piano. CLASS: 169, for indicators. 110 Pneumatic: This subclass is indented under subclass 108. 116 Tracker-box location: The playing mechanism includes pneumatics. This subclass is indented under subclass 115. The invention is in the location or connection SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- of the tracker-box. CLASS: 24 through 82, for pneumatic-type pianos SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- unless the construction is limited to an CLASS: outside player. 30, for location of piano parts.

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117 Mechanical fingers: 126 Two clutches: This subclass is indented under subclass 115. This subclass is indented under subclass 122. The note-sheet acts mechanically on movable The mechanism for driving the sheet forward fingers. and back includes two clutches.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- 127 Gears: CLASS: This subclass is indented under subclass 122. 147, for electrical fingers. The mechanism for driving the sheet forward and back includes gears. 118 Plurality of sheets: This subclass is indented under subclass 115. 128 Speed control: The instrument carries a plurality of note- This subclass is indented under subclass 122. sheets and means for driving them. Means for regulating the constant or momen- tary speed of the note sheet-tempo control. 119 Synchronized: This subclass is indented under subclass 118. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- Two sheets are operated simultaneously. CLASS: 49, for hand-controllers. 120 Single tracker: This subclass is indented under subclass 118. 129 Roller and disk or cone: The sheets are brought one at a time over a sin- This subclass is indented under subclass 128. gle tracker-bar and then driven separately. Patents including this specific variable friction- gear. 121 Sheet not rolled: This subclass is indented under subclass 115. 130 By wind supply: Various unusual forms of note-sheets and their This subclass is indented under subclass 128. feeding means, such as folding sheets, endless The speed is controlled by regulating the sup- sheets, etc. ply of wind to air-motors.

122 Winding and rewinding: 131 Compensation for diameter: This subclass is indented under subclass 115. This subclass is indented under subclass 128. Inventions for moving a sheet not elsewhere Means to keep the tempo constant as the diam- classifiable. eter of the take-up roll increases.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: CLASS: 242, Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding, 92, for simple friction-rolls. subclasses 540-546.1 for drive mechanisms for convolute winding in gen- 123 With electric features: eral, particularly subclass 541 for a This subclass is indented under subclass 122. linear winding drive. Electric mechanism is involved. 132 Feeding: 124 For two types of rolls: This subclass is indented under subclass 122. This subclass is indented under subclass 122. Miscellaneous devices for feeding a note-sheet Means to carry rolls of different type or differ- forward. Includes some special take-up rolls. ent compass one at a time. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- 125 Shifting gear and clutch: CLASS: This subclass is indented under subclass 122. 92, for most types of simple feed-rolls. The mechanism for driving the sheet forward and back includes a shifting-gear and clutch.

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SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 137 Movable detector at edge: 226, Advancing Material of Indeterminate This subclass is indented under subclass 136. Length, appropriate subclasses for The shifting is controlled by one or more mov- methods of, and apparatus for, feeding able fingers or other detectors at the edge of the material without utilizing the leading sheet. or trailing ends to effect movement of the material. 138 Controlling shifter bellows: 242, Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding, This subclass is indented under subclass 137. subclasses 520-548.4 for convolute The shifting is done by bellows controlled by winding in general. the detector.

133 Rewinding: 139 Single detector: This subclass is indented under subclass 122. This subclass is indented under subclass 138. Devices involved in rewinding, such as springs The shifting is controlled by a single detector. and weights. 140 Extra end holes: 134 Brakes: This subclass is indented under subclass 122. This subclass is indented under subclass 122. The tracker has extra holes near its ends to con- Means to regulate the tension on the note- trol the shifting. sheet. (1) The sheet may or may not have extra SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: cooperating perforations. 242, Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding, subclasses 410-423.2 for tension con- 141 Single end hole: trol of running material in general. This subclass is indented under subclass 140. There is only one extra hole to control the 135 Sheet pressers: shifting in both directions. This subclass is indented under subclass 122. Means to control the pressure of the note-sheet 142 Extra center holes: on the tracker-bar. This subclass is indented under subclass 122. Holes near the middle of the tracker are vented 136 Registration: by note perforations in the sheet. This subclass is indented under subclass 122. Means to insure proper registration of the sheet 143 Flange shifted: perforations with the tracker-holes, usually This subclass is indented under subclass 122. automatic. One flange (or both) is shifted on one or both rolls. (1) Note. The tracker may be shifted, or one or both rolls; centering or guiding 144 Hand operated: means. This subclass is indented under subclass 122. The tracker-bar or some other part is shifted by SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: hand. 226, Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length, subclass 10 for means to (1) Note. This feature is found in many pat- sense and position material of indeter- ents in preceding subclasses. The shift minate length. may be great enough to cause transposi- 242, Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding, tion. particularly subclasses 548-548.4 and 615-615.4 for guides of web material 145 Transposition only: in general. This subclass is indented under subclass 122. The relative shift of the tracker and sheet is through one or more semitones to cause a change of key.

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SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- 153 Trackers rigidly connected: CLASS: This subclass is indented under subclass 152. 144, for hand-operated parts. The two rows of holes are in the same bar or in bars fixed together. 146 Trackers and sheets: This subclass is indented under subclass 115. 154 Pivotally mounted: Both the tracker and the sheet are modified. This subclass is indented under subclass 153. The bar is pivoted. (1) Note. Includes devices for violins, etc. 155 With slide valves: SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- This subclass is indented under subclass 153. CLASS: Slide-valves determine which row shall be 31, and 32, for trackers. used.

147 Electric: 156 Duct closers: This subclass is indented under subclass 146. This subclass is indented under subclass 151. Electric circuits are controlled instead of pneu- Means to close a few ducts at the end of a row matic ducts. if a narrow sheet is used or to close all during rewinding or skipping. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- CLASS: 157 Modified for expression: 160, for pneumato-electric tracker-bars. This subclass is indented under subclass 151. To avoid mechanically accurate playing. 148 For organs: This subclass is indented under subclass 146. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- Provision is made for control of stops. CLASS: 47, for systematic variations. 149 Vertical: This subclass is indented under subclass 146. 158 Metal: The tracker is vertical. This subclass is indented under subclass 151. The tracker-bar is of metal. 150 Playing on wind and rewind: This subclass is indented under subclass 146. 159 Extensible: The sheet has two sets of perforations, one set This subclass is indented under subclass 151. to be used as usual, the other to be used during The bar is adjustable in length. rewinding. 160 Pneumato-electric: 151 Trackers: This subclass is indented under subclass 151. This subclass is indented under subclass 115. The tracker-bar has ducts admitting air to Special forms or construction of the tracker or pouches or small bellows that operate electric attachments thereto. switches.

152 Double scale: 161 Note sheets: This subclass is indented under subclass 151. This subclass is indented under subclass 115. Especially to allow the use of sixty-five or Improvements in the sheet, its material, con- eighty-eight note-sheets at will. There are cov- struction, perforations, or attachments. ers or other means to close either set of ducts. 162 Ends and joints: (1) Note. In the trackers of subclass 31, both This subclass is indented under subclass 161. rows are in use together. Improvements at the free end of the sheet or in means for joining two ends together.

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163 Overlapping holes: 171 Electric: This subclass is indented under subclass 161. This subclass is indented under subclass 170. Perforations for two successive notes overlap Combined instruments employing electric cir- to produce a legato effect or for accent, etc. cuits.

164 With expression and tempo marks: 172 Piano and organ: This subclass is indented under subclass 161. This subclass is indented under subclass 170. The sheet bears lines or other marks to indicate Combination of a piano and reed (or pipe) the proper expression or tempo. organ, often with means for disconnecting one set of sounders from the keys. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- CLASS: 173 Stringed: 49, and 169, for cooperating parts. This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Miscellaneous stringed instruments and 165 With marks for voice: devices relating thereto not classifiable else- This subclass is indented under subclass 161. where. The sheet bears words or marks to indicate a vocal part. (1) Note. Includes Aeolian harps.

166 With projections: SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- This subclass is indented under subclass 161. CLASS: The sheet or disk has projections, sometimes 600 through 746, for electrical musical adjustable, instead of perforations. tone generation.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- 174 Pianos: CLASS: This subclass is indented under subclass 173. 97 through 100, for disk type. Miscellaneous patents showing pianos of unusual shape or claiming several features or 167 Key locks: not elsewhere classifiable. Means to prevent the keys from moving as the piano is played. (1) Note. Many features of a piano are common to other instruments and should be SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- searched for in appropriate subclasses of CLASS: automatic, stringed, or wind instruments, 74, for devices to lock piano keys. rigid vibrators, or general features in this class. 168 Couplers: Means, usually pneumatic, for sounding two SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- notes together, especially octaves. CLASS: 170 through 172, for pianos having bells 169 Indicators: or other sounding attachments. Indicators of various kinds connected to automatic instruments. 175 Duplex: This subclass is indented under subclass 174. 170 Combined: Two sets of strings and sometimes two key- This subclass is indented under subclass 1. boards. Instruments having sounders belonging to two of the four groups, such as a piano or organ 176 Separable: with bell, bar, or drum attachment. This subclass is indented under subclass 174. The piano is conveniently separable into parts, especially for ease of transportation.

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177 Cases: 184 Frames, string plate and sounding boards: This subclass is indented under subclass 174. This subclass is indented under subclass 174. The improvements are in the case. All three parts are modified.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- 185 Frames and string plates: CLASS: This subclass is indented under subclass 174. 75, and 80-82, for cases for pneumatic Both parts are modified. pianos. 430, and 431, for key-beds or key-bottoms. 186.1 Frames: This subclass is indented under subclass 174. 178 Fall boards and desks: Subject matter having improvements in the This subclass is indented under subclass 177. frames or backs of wood or metal. The improvements related to both the music- desk and the fall-board over the keys. 186.2 Wrest planks: This subclass is indented under subclass 186.1. 179 Fall boards: Subject matter having improvements in the This subclass is indented under subclass 177. wrest planks. The improvements relate to the fall-board alone. 187 String plates and sounding boards: This subclass is indented under subclass 174. (1) Note. Includes devices for equalizing Improvements in the two features. the movements of the ends. 188 String plates: 180 Music desks or racks: This subclass is indented under subclass 174. This subclass is indented under subclass 177. Improvements in the metal plate. The improvements relate to the music desk or rack. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- CLASS: 181 Music receptacles: 200, for tuning devices. This subclass is indented under subclass 177. 208, through 215, for bridges. The case has pockets or shelves for holding music or music-rolls. 189 Resonance devices: This subclass is indented under subclass 174. 182 Swells: Devices to communicate to the air vibrations This subclass is indented under subclass 177. due to the strings or to modify them in loud- The case has shutters or slides to control the ness or quality. escape of sound. (1) Note. These devices do not directly SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- affect the movement of the strings. CLASS: 189, 346 and 372, for resonance devices. (2) Note. Some expression devices (subclass 216, etc.) might come under this broad 183 Protectors: definition, but most of them affect the This subclass is indented under subclass 177. amplitude or form of vibration of the Means to protect the case, especially around strings and are under control of the the pedals. player.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- CLASS: CLASS: 177, for piano cases. 182, for swells. 224, for auxiliary strikers. 234, for harmonic dampers. 294, for resonance devices.

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295, for auxiliary strings. 199 Strings: 190 Supports or platforms: This subclass is indented under subclass 174. This subclass is indented under subclass 189. Special material or construction of the strings. Resonant supports on which the instrument may stand. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 57, Textiles: Spinning, Twisting, and 191 Insulators: Twining, subclasses 210 through 235 This subclass is indented under subclass 189. for spirally wrapped strands of gen- Devices supposed to prevent the wasteful eral application. transmission of energy, such as to the floor. 200 Tuning devices: 192 Sounding boards: This subclass is indented under subclass 174. This subclass is indented under subclass 189. Miscellaneous devices for straining the strings. The principal means by which the energy of the vibrating string is communicated to the air. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- CLASS: 193 Materials: 304, for tuning pegs. This subclass is indented under subclass 192. 305, for friction increasers. Sounding-boards made of unusual material, 306, for worm gear. especially metal. 201 Simple pin: 194 Multiple: This subclass is indented under subclass 200. This subclass is indented under subclass 192. Integral pins. Boards additional to the main sounding board and hollow bodies analogous to a violin. 202 Locking devices: This subclass is indented under subclass 200. 195 Ribbing: Pins with means for locking them or for This subclass is indented under subclass 192. increasing the friction. Modifications in the location, arrangement, or structure of the ribs. 203 Involving two pins: This subclass is indented under subclass 202. 196 Crowning devices: Devices that involve two pins. This subclass is indented under subclass 192. Means to maintain the board in an arched form. 204 Worm gear: This subclass is indented under subclass 200. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- Devices that involve a worm-gear. CLASS: 184, through 188, for frames, string plates, 205 Direct pull: and sounding boards. This subclass is indented under subclass 200. The string is pulled directly, not wound on a 197 Stringing: pin. This subclass is indented under subclass 174. Modifications in the location or arrangement of 206 With push piece: the strings. This subclass is indented under subclass 200. The string is fastened to a movable block. 198 Auxiliary strings: This subclass is indented under subclass 197. 207 With lever: Extra strings or extensions furnishing unisons This subclass is indented under subclass 200. or harmonics that may be struck by the hammer The string is fastened to a lever. or may vibrate sympathetically.

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208 Transverse pressure: 215 Depressing bars: This subclass is indented under subclass 200. This subclass is indented under subclass 209. The tuning-pin deflects the string from a Bars for holding the strings firmly against the straight line. bridge on the string-plate; sometimes called “capo-tasto bars”. 209 Bridges: This subclass is indented under subclass 174. 216 Expression devices: Patents for bridges not belonging in the sub- This subclass is indented under subclass 174. classes below. Various means for changing the quality of tone of a piano. (1) Note. The vibrating length of the string is determined by its bearing on the two (1) Note. See (2) Note to this class, subclass bridges, one on the sounding-board and 189. the other usually on the wrest-plank or on the string-plate. If on the plate, it is 217 Dampers lifted: sometimes distinguished as the “scale This subclass is indented under subclass 216. rib”. If the two bridges are not on the Many or all of the dampers are lifted, so that same side of the string, the one near the their strings may enter into sympathetic vibra- hammer-line may be called “inverted”. tion. Often the hammer-stroke tends to lift the string from the bridge on the plank, so in (1) Note. This is the ordinary “forte” some early pianos a sort of screw-eye arrangement controlled by the damper- called an “a gaffe” was used, while in pedal. later times many sorts of clamps or holders have been devised to hold the strings 218 Dampers held: on their bridges, and confusing names This subclass is indented under subclass 216. have been given them. The sustaining or third pedal device to retain only those dampers which are raised by the 210 Inverted: keys at the time the damper is applied. This subclass is indented under subclass 209. See Note to subclass 209. 219 Pianissimo devices: This subclass is indented under subclass 216. 211 Agraffes: Devices to soften the blow of the hammer or This subclass is indented under subclass 209. produce a softer sound. See Note to subclass 209. (1) Note. Such devices may render the 212 On sounding board: piano silent. This subclass is indented under subclass 209. The principal bridge, usually long, curved and SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- near the hitch-pins. CLASS: 35 through 38, for shifted hammer rest- 213 With string holders: rails. This subclass is indented under subclass 212. Means on the bridge for clamping or holding 220 Curtain type: the strings in place. This subclass is indented under subclass 219. A curtain is interposed between the hammer 214 String clamps or holders: and the strings. This subclass is indented under subclass 209. Means for clamping or holding a string not on (1) Note. Called “celeste” in old patents. the main bridge. 221 Hammer stroke shortened: This subclass is indented under subclass 219. This is the common modern construction.

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222 Lost-motion preventers: SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: This subclass is indented under subclass 221. 74, Machine Element or Mechanism, sub- Devices to prevent a gap in the connections classes 512 through 514 and 560-563 between the keys and hammer-butts. for similar devices.

223 In grand actions: 231 Pedal carried: This subclass is indented under subclass 222. This subclass is indented under subclass 230. Similar devices adapted to grand-actions. The supplementary part is clamped to the pedal. 224 Auxiliary strikers: This subclass is indented under subclass 216. 232 With footrest: Small weighted tongues in the path of the ham- This subclass is indented under subclass 230. mers to strike the strings. The supplementary part is carried on a foot- stool. (1) Note. Sometimes called a “mandolin attachment”. 233 Mouse guards: This subclass is indented under subclass 225. 225 Pedal mechanism: Devices to prevent the entrance of mice This subclass is indented under subclass 216. through the pedal-openings. Means to operate the expression devices and details thereof. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- CLASS: SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- 353, for modifications of the case around CLASS: the pedals. 216 through 233, for expression devices. 234 Harmonic dampers: 226 Locks: This subclass is indented under subclass 174. This subclass is indented under subclass 225. Means to touch a string at the middle or other Means to hold the mechanism in operated posi- nodal point, so causing it to produce a har- tion. monic tone.

227 Spring fulcrum: 235 Couplers: This subclass is indented under subclass 225. This subclass is indented under subclass 174. One of the levers is carried on a spring instead Devices to operate two hammers from a single of on bearings. key.

228 Bearings: SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- This subclass is indented under subclass 225. CLASS: Bearings specially adapted for use in this 373, for devices causing two notes. mechanism. 424, for keyboards like those of a pipe organ and couplers therefore. 229 Pedals: This subclass is indented under subclass 225. 236 Hammers actions: The exposed levers of the mechanism. This subclass is indented under subclass 174. Patents covering the parts between the key and 230 Auxiliary: the strings, usually called collectively, a This subclass is indented under subclass 229. “piano-action”. Pedals supplementary to the usual pedals, generally for children’s use. (1) Note. The keys are not treated as parts of the action. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- CLASS: (2) Note. The title distinguishes from the 358, for similar devices. pedal-actions of an ordinary piano.

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SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- 245 Sostenuto: CLASS: This subclass is indented under subclass 244. 323, and 324, for simple actions. Devices for producing sustained tone instead of 423, for keyboards. the ordinary evanescent one. 426, for pedals to operate the hammers. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- 237 Horizontal: CLASS: This subclass is indented under subclass 236. 105 through 114, for outside players. These actions are mostly for the old type of square pianos. 246 Electric striker: This subclass is indented under subclass 244. 238 Down striking: The striker is moved by an electromagnet. This subclass is indented under subclass 237. The hammers strike downward instead of 247 Jack constantly controlled: upward. This subclass is indented under subclass 243. Actions designed to give the player constant 239 Grand: control of the hammer, such as clavichord play- This subclass is indented under subclass 237. ers had. The modern standard action of the Herz-Erard type, in which the jack and repetition-lever 248 Inverted jack: both engage the nose on the hammer. This subclass is indented under subclass 243. The jack is pivoted at its top and escapes at the SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- bottom. CLASS: 237, for other types of hammer action. 249 Jointed jack: This subclass is indented under subclass 243. 240 Upright: The jack is pivoted at top and bottom and This subclass is indented under subclass 236. jointed near the middle—a kind of reversed Miscellaneous types of action for pianos hav- toggle. ing strings in a nearly vertical plane. 250 Action frames: 241 Jack serving as retractor: This subclass is indented under subclass 243. This subclass is indented under subclass 240. Frames carrying the parts of the action and the The jack positively retracts the hammer, so that rails of the expression devices. a bridle is not needed. 251 Flanges and joints: 242 Standard type: This subclass is indented under subclass 243. This subclass is indented under subclass 240. The hingelike parts by which the moving parts The common action, each unit of it including a are attached to one another or to the rails. wippen carrying a jack, a damper-spoon, a back-check, and a bridle-wire. 252 Continuous: This subclass is indented under subclass 251. 243 Details: Several flange units are integrally connected This subclass is indented under subclass 236. together. Patents for features not elsewhere classifiable. 253 Checks: 244 Power-operated hammers: This subclass is indented under subclass 243. This subclass is indented under subclass 243. Devices for catching the hammer and holding it The hammer is driven by power controlled by at rest after it has recoiled from the string. the key.

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254 Hammer heads: (1) Note. The following subclasses--264 to This subclass is indented under subclass 243. 289--are intended only for features spe- Improvements in the striking parts of the ham- cific to the instrument named. If the fea- mer and in hammer-felts. ture is applicable to instruments of two kinds, as a harp and violin, the patent is SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: classified under this class, subclass 290, 144, Woodworking, subclass 29 for piano- and indented subclasses. hammer felting. 264 Harps: 255 Damper heads and stems: This subclass is indented under subclass 173. This subclass is indented under subclass 243. Theses have many strings of graduated length Improvements in damper-heads. stretched on a frame consisting of the body, neck, and pillar; the strings are exposed on (1) Note. Dampers are shown in numerous both sides to the player’s hands. patents for pianos or piano-actions or automatic pianos or stringed instru- 265 Bodies: ments. This subclass is indented under subclass 264. Patents for harps where the improvement is in 256 Bowed or violin pianos: the body only. This subclass is indented under subclass 174. Instruments having many strings excited by 266 Erard action: friction; “violin-pianos”. This subclass is indented under subclass 264. Patents for improvements in the mechanism by SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- which the pitch of the strings is changed one or CLASS: two semitones. 325, for bowing mechanisms. 326, for keys operating fretting or finger- 267 Guitars: ing means. This subclass is indented under subclass 173. Patents showing a few strings stretched along a 257 With belt bow: fretted neck, unless clearly belonging to a sub- This subclass is indented under subclass 256. class below. In these the exciting means is a belt. 268 Mandolins: SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- This subclass is indented under subclass 173. CLASS: The patents herein relate almost exclusively to 325, for bowing mechanisms. the body. 326, for keys operating fretting or fingering means. 269 Banjos: This subclass is indented under subclass 173. 258 Plectrum: Instruments having a flexible head and a neck. This subclass is indented under subclass 174. The strings are picked, somewhat as in the old SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- harpsichords. CLASS: 193, for metal heads. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- CLASS: 270 Resonance devices: 320, for picking devices. This subclass is indented under subclass 269. Means to change the quality of the banjo-tones 263 Combined: by an attachment or especially by partly-closed This subclass is indented under subclass 173. air-cavities. Instruments having two sets of strings, often on different necks or on opposite sides of the body.

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SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- 281 Positioning devices: CLASS: This subclass is indented under subclass 274. 294, for resonance devices. Means for holding the player’s arm and the violin in proper position. 271 Closed back: This subclass is indented under subclass 270. 282 Bows: Banjos having the back partly or wholly This subclass is indented under subclass 274. closed. Modifications in the construction of violin- bows. 272 Two rings: This subclass is indented under subclass 270. 283 Bow guides: Banjos in which the head is stretched over two This subclass is indented under subclass 274. concentric rings. Devices for guiding the bow in proper relation to the strings. 273 Mutes: This subclass is indented under subclass 270. 284 Dulcimers: A mute or damper for pressing on the head. This subclass is indented under subclass 173. Strings stretched over a sounding-board to be SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- struck by hammers in the player’s hands. CLASS: 310, for violin-mutes. 285 Zithers: This subclass is indented under subclass 173. 274 Violins: Strings stretched over a sounding-board in This subclass is indented under subclass 173. position to be picked; the strings are often Improvements not likely to be applicable to divided into melody-strings and accompani- any instruments other than those of the violin ment-strings, the former sometimes lying over family and not belonging in subclasses below; a finger-board. also patents involving two specific features. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- 275 Bodies: CLASS: This subclass is indented under subclass 274. 290 through 329, for other features associ- Modifications in the body of a violin. ated with stringed instruments.

276 Bass bars: 286 Chord selectors: This subclass is indented under subclass 275. This subclass is indented under subclass 285. Changes in the bass-bar. Instruments, usually of the zither type, in which strings are sounded in chord groups, 277 Sound posts: specifically by multiple picks or hammers This subclass is indented under subclass 275. fixed on a bar and operating simultaneously. Changes in the sound-post. 287 Damper-bar type: 278 Combined chin rest and support: This subclass is indented under subclass 286. This subclass is indented under subclass 274. The dampers mute all strings except those Patents covering a combination of the two fea- needed for the desired chord. tures. (1) Note. This subclass covers the original 279 Chin rests: “auto-harp”. This subclass is indented under subclass 274. Changes in chin-rests. 288 Dampers independent: This subclass is indented under subclass 287. 280 Supports: These dampers may be operated by hand or by This subclass is indented under subclass 274. a tune-sheet. Changes in supports for a violin or violoncello.

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289 Guard-plate type: 297 Strings and fastenings: This subclass is indented under subclass 286. This subclass is indented under subclass 290. The plate has holes through which a pick Improvements in the string and the means for strikes strings that furnish a chord. fastening it.

290 Details: (1) Note. In this and the next six subclasses, This subclass is indented under subclass 173. there are many devices for correcting the Includes features not practically limited to a lengths of strings or tuning them or single one of the well-known types of stringed changing the pressure on the bridge. instruments in the subclasses above. 298 Guitar bridges: 291 Bodies: This subclass is indented under subclass 297. This subclass is indented under subclass 290. These usually hold the end of the string and a Hollow resonance-bodies for instruments hav- separate tailpiece is not necessary. ing a neck. 299 Guitar bridges with tailpieces: (1) Note. For bodies special to any one type This subclass is indented under subclass 297. of instrument see the subclass relating to Both a bridge and a tailpiece are used. such instrument. 300 Banjo tailpieces: 292 Metal: This subclass is indented under subclass 297. This subclass is indented under subclass 291. Tailpieces specially adapted to a banjo. Bodies of metal. 301 Mandolin tailpieces: 293 Necks: This subclass is indented under subclass 297. This subclass is indented under subclass 290. Tailpieces specially adapted to a mandolin. Patents covering the construction of the neck or its connection or inclination to the body. 302 Violin tailpieces: This subclass is indented under subclass 297. 294 Resonance devices: Tailpieces specially adapted to a violin. This subclass is indented under subclass 290. Devices for changing the quality of tone of an 303 Spools: instrument, as air-cavities, extra sounding- This subclass is indented under subclass 297. boards, sympathetically-vibrating parts, or Devices for winding up the surplus length of small membranes. string.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- 304 Tuning pegs: CLASS: This subclass is indented under subclass 297. 234, for harmonic dampers. Patents mostly for simple tuning-pegs, sometimes with means for gripping the string. 295 Auxiliary strings: This subclass is indented under subclass 294. 305 Friction increasers: Extra strings inside or outside of the body. This subclass is indented under subclass 304. Means for holding the peg more tightly than 296 With diaphragm: usual. This subclass is indented under subclass 294. The string sets a diaphragm in vibration. 306 Worm gear: This subclass is indented under subclass 297. (1) Note. A horn is usually shown. Tuning devices having a worm-gear.

(1) Note. Sometimes called “machine head” or “patent head”.

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307 Bridges: SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- This subclass is indented under subclass 290. CLASS: Bridges not limited to the following subclasses. 266, for mechanisms that change the pitch of strings. 308 Banjo: This subclass is indented under subclass 307. 317 For chords: Bridges specially adapted to a banjo-head. This subclass is indented under subclass 315. Devices to finger several strings at once, so 309 Violin: that a chord may be produced. This subclass is indented under subclass 307. Bridges specially adapted to a violin. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- CLASS: 310 Violin mutes: 443, for chord players. This subclass is indented under subclass 307. Devices to be applied to violin-bridges; sor- 318 Capo tastos: dines. This subclass is indented under subclass 317. Clamps to shorten all the strings of a guitar or 311 Attached: to perform an equivalent operation on other This subclass is indented under subclass 310. instruments. The mute is attached to the violin and can be readily shifted into operative position. 319 Stopping fingers or blocks: This subclass is indented under subclass 315. 312 Tunings: Devices held by the player to stop one or more This subclass is indented under subclass 290. strings, such as on the Hawaiian guitar. Unusual tunings or arrangement of chord groups, particularly in zithers. 320 Picking devices: This subclass is indented under subclass 290. 313 Tremolo devices: Miscellaneous devices for picking, plucking, or This subclass is indented under subclass 290. pulling strings. Device for producing amplitude modulation. (1) Note. This subclass and the next two 314 Finger boards and frets: subclasses deal with devices for “play- This subclass is indented under subclass 290. ing” or exciting the strings. Includes the structure of the finger-board, markings on it, frets, and nuts. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- CLASS: 315 Fingering devices: 8, 258, 404, and 409, for similar devices. This subclass is indented under subclass 290. Devices to shorten or stop a string at proper 321 Picks on reciprocating carriage: points, as a guitar player does with his finger. This subclass is indented under subclass 320. All the picks are reciprocated at once. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- CLASS: 322 Hand or finger picks: 326, for devices with keyboard. This subclass is indented under subclass 320. Simple picks held by the player. 316 For semitone: This subclass is indented under subclass 315. 323 Hammer mechanism: Devices to sharp or flat a note, so as to change This subclass is indented under subclass 290. the key. Patents for simple actions adapted to a zither and usually downstriking.

(1) Note. The instrument is often called a “keyed zither”.

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SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- 329 Article holders: CLASS: This subclass is indented under subclass 290. 237, 238 and 240, for hammer actions. Devices attached to an instrument to hold an 246, for electrically operated hammers. article, such as a pick or a cake of rosin.

324 Spring-shank hammer: 330 Wind: This subclass is indented under subclass 323. This subclass is indented under subclass 1. To produce a vibrato or tremolo effect. Miscellaneous wind instruments and some details not elsewhere classifiable; also combi- SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- nations of pipes and reeds. CLASS: 284, for hand-hammers. (1) Note. The patents of this group may be classed as pipe organs, reed organs, 325 Bowing mechanism: minor reed instruments, orchestral wood This subclass is indented under subclass 290. winds, and brasses. The first two have For violins or zithers. many features in common; but they differ so much in size and consequently in SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- details that a parallel classification has CLASS: been made. Search should ordinarily be 10, and 11, for automatic violins. made in the proper subclasses of both 282, for ordinary violin-bows. types and sometimes in “Automatics”. Wind-supply devices and pressure-regu- 326 With keyboard: lators are mostly classed in Class 60, This subclass is indented under subclass 325. Power Plants, and Class 417, Pumps. The keys operate fretting or fingering means, so that only a few strings are needed. 331 Pipe organs: This subclass is indented under subclass 330. (1) Note. The complete instrument is usu- Patents covering the whole organization or sev- ally called a “piano-violin”. eral details or features not elsewhere classifiable. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- CLASS: 332 Actions: 256, and 257, for instruments having many This subclass is indented under subclass 331. open strings. Pipe-organ actions not belonging to a specific subclass. 327 Instrument supports: This subclass is indented under subclass 290. (1) Note. The speaking of an organ-pipe is Devices for supporting or positioning guitars, usually controlled by the joint operation etc., during playing. of devices actuated or controlled, respectively, by a key and a stop. These devices SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- (excluding the keys) are collectively CLASS: known as the “action”. These actions and 278, and 280, for chin rests and supports. the corresponding wind-chests are of three types: (1) the older, in which the 328 Arm, hand, or finger rests: top of the wind-chest has as many This subclass is indented under subclass 290. grooves with pallets to control them as Means to support the player’s hand in proper there are keys and as many perforated relation to the instrument. slides crossing the grooves as there are speaking-stops; (2) the type in which SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- there are as many stop-chambers as CLASS: stops, each carrying a series or “register” 469, for armrest rail. of pipes and each controlled by a valve or “ventil”, every pipe having its own

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valve controlled by a key, and (3) the type in which all the pipes stand on a 340 Pneumatic: common or “universal” wind-chest and Pneumatic means for coupling parts of an each pipe has its own valve, which is organ. jointly controlled by a key and a draw- stop. In all three types the controlling 341 Electric: means may be mechanical, electrical, Electric means for coupling parts of an organ. pneumatic, or electropneumatic. For details of such means see this class, sub- (1) Note. In pneumatic and electric organ- class 335, and following subclasses. Pat- actions, there is no sharp line of distinc- ents for combinations of the first type are tion between couplers and stop-actions, in this subclass. and in some modern constructions the old nomenclature is inapt. 333 Stop chambers: This subclass is indented under subclass 332. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- Combinations belonging to type 2 of the Note CLASS: above. 235, for couplers. 337, for electric details of pipe organs; also 334 Single chamber: inertia-controlled circuit closers. This subclass is indented under subclass 332. 338, for electro pneumatic pipe organs; Combinations belonging to type 3 of the above also pneumo-electric actions. Note. 351 through 374, particularly subclass 373 for a simple type of rock-shaft for 335 Pneumatic details: octave-couplers common to reed This subclass is indented under subclass 332. organs. The invention is essentially embodied in one 424, for means for coupling two keyboards pneumatic and valve. together.

336 Membrane valve: 342 Key valves: This subclass is indented under subclass 335. This subclass is indented under subclass 332. A diaphragm serves as a valve. Details of the pallet or other key-operated valve. 337 Electric: This subclass is indented under subclass 332. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- Includes patents for complete organizations CLASS: and for electric details; also inertia-controlled 368, for key-operated valves. circuit-closers. 343 Stop actions: SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- This subclass is indented under subclass 332. CLASS: Details of the draw-stops or stop-keys, etc. 341, for electric means for coupling parts of an organ. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- CLASS: 338 Electropneumatic: 331 through 334, for the complete stop- This subclass is indented under subclass 332. action. Includes organizations in which electromagnetic valves control pneumatics; also pneu- 344 Combination: mato-electric actions in which pneumatics This subclass is indented under subclass 343. control switches in the circuits of electromag- A single pedal or button brings on a plurality of nets. stops selected by the organ builder.

339 Details: This subclass is indented under subclass 338. Includes units or details of such actions.

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345 Adjustable: 352 Cases: This subclass is indented under subclass 344. This subclass is indented under subclass 351. A single pedal or button brings on a plurality of Patents for features of the case. stops selected by the player. 353 Pedals: (1) Note. The last two subclasses include Patents wherein there is some modification of organs of all three types described above the case around the pedals. and actions of the several varieties, also crescendo and sforzando devices. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- CLASS: 346 Swells: 233, for mouse-guards. This subclass is indented under subclass 331. 357, for other organ-pedals. Patents relating to swell-shutters and means for operating them. 354 Folding: This subclass is indented under subclass 351. 347 Electropneumatic: Collapsible or “suitcase” organs. This subclass is indented under subclass 346. The shutters are operated or controlled by an 355 Wind-supply devices: electropneumatic action. This subclass is indented under subclass 351. Includes pumpers and sometimes electric 348 Valve tremolos: motors. This subclass is indented under subclass 331. A vibrating valve produces an irregularity in SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- the flow of air and so in loudness of the sound. CLASS: 70, for other wind supply-devices. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- CLASS: 356 Pressure and exhaust: 374, for fan tremolos. This subclass is indented under subclass 355. Instruments involving both exhaust and pres- 349 Pipes: sure mechanisms. This subclass is indented under subclass 331. The improvement is embodied in one individ- 357 Pedals: ual pipe. This subclass is indented under subclass 355. Includes pedals and connections to the bellows. 350 Reed: This subclass is indented under subclass 349. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- The improvement is embodied in one individ- CLASS: ual reed-pipe, which usually has a beating- 353, for case modification. reed. 358 Auxiliary: 351 Reed organs: This subclass is indented under subclass 357. This subclass is indented under subclass 330. For the use of children. Patents for the general construction of a reed- organ. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- CLASS: (1) Note. Familiar trade-names are “harmo- 230 through 232, for supplementary ped- nium, melodeon, cabinet-organ”. The als for children. reeds are usually free. 359 Distribution: (2) Note. While most of these constructions This subclass is indented under subclass 355. are obsolete, these patents should be Includes parts between the pumpers and the searched for features or details not actions. clearly found in the subclasses below.

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SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 369 Stop actions: 417, Pumps, subclasses 279+ for pumps This subclass is indented under subclass 351. having condition responsive control Patents relating to draw-stops and to the mutes of the fluid handled by the pump. and other parts of the action operated by the stops. 360 Reed boards: This subclass is indented under subclass 351. 370 Combination: Boards in which the reed-cells are formed. This subclass is indented under subclass 369. Means to operate several stops in combination. 361 With qualifying tubes: This subclass is indented under subclass 360. 371 Celeste: Tubes each communicating with one or a very This subclass is indented under subclass 369. few reed-cells. Devices to produce the “celeste” effect.

362 With resonance chamber: 372 Swells: This subclass is indented under subclass 360. This subclass is indented under subclass 351. Chambers each communicating with many Mute, draw-stop, or shutters operated by knee cells. or foot lever or bellows.

363 Reeds: 373 Couplers: This subclass is indented under subclass 351. This subclass is indented under subclass 351. Patents where the improvement is in the reed Devices to cause two notes, usually an octave alone. apart, to sound when one key is depressed.

364 With tuning means: SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- This subclass is indented under subclass 363. CLASS: Means for tuning the reed are included. 168, 235, and 340, for other couplers.

365 Key actions: 374 Fan tremolos: This subclass is indented under subclass 351. This subclass is indented under subclass 351. Modifications in the parts of the action oper- Devices to produce interruptions in the flow of ated or controlled by the keys; devices to start sound, usually of the rotating-fan type. the tongue in prompt vibration. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- 366 Pedal: CLASS: This subclass is indented under subclass 365. 348, for valve tremolos. Actions connected to a pedal-keyboard. 375 Minor reed: 367 Pneumatic: This subclass is indented under subclass 330. This subclass is indented under subclass 365. Includes imitation trumpets, jews’-harps, and Patents including a pneumatic in the key reed-horns of variable pitch. action. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- 368 Pallets: CLASS: This subclass is indented under subclass 365. 350, for accurate tuning means. Key-operated valves. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- 116, Signals and Indicators, subclasses CLASS: 137+ and 140 for ordinary fish-horns 342, for other key-operated valves. or dinner-horns.

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623, Prosthesis (i.e., Artificial Body Mem- bers) Parts Thereof or Aids and 384 Flutes: Accessories Therefor, subclass 9 for This subclass is indented under subclass 380. artificial larynxes. Features pertaining to flutes and similar instruments that give the octave on overblowing. 376 Accordions: This subclass is indented under subclass 375. 385 Saxophones: Wind is supplied by a hand-operated bellows This subclass is indented under subclass 380. and the reeds are controlled by valves and Details not applicable to other instruments. keys. 386 Pitch-changing devices: (1) Note. Some forms are called “concerti- This subclass is indented under subclass 380. nas”. Devices for changing the key or the pitch; transposers. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- CLASS: 387 Brasses: 168, 255 and 340, for other couplers. This subclass is indented under subclass 330. Band instruments commonly called “brasses”, 377 Harmonicas: whatever their specific names may be; this sub- This subclass is indented under subclass 375. class includes combinations and features not Mouth-blown instruments usually sounding classifiable below. chords and rarely having keys. 388 Valve type: 378 With resonance chambers: This subclass is indented under subclass 387. This subclass is indented under subclass 377. Instruments, of which the cornet is typical, usu- A resonance tube or chamber is added. ally having three piston-valves.

379 Supports: 389 With four valves: This subclass is indented under subclass 377. This subclass is indented under subclass 388. Devices to support a harmonica on another Cornets, etc., having four or more valves. instrument or on the player’s body. 390 Rotary movement: 380 Wood winds: This subclass is indented under subclass 388. This subclass is indented under subclass 330. The valves rotate. Includes patents for features that are readily applicable to various instruments. 391 Helical or sliding movement: This subclass is indented under subclass 388. 381 Duplex: The valves have a combined rotating and slid- This subclass is indented under subclass 380. ing movement or the engaging surfaces of the Instruments having two tubes to be blown and valve and its seat are planes. fingered simultaneously. 392 Piston details: 382 Clarinets: This subclass is indented under subclass 388. This subclass is indented under subclass 380. Details of the piston-valve. Includes features specially applicable to clarinets. 393 With substitute tubes: This subclass is indented under subclass 388. 383 Mouthpieces: Each valve controls two tubes of different This subclass is indented under subclass 382. length, often symmetrically placed, whereby Single-reed mouthpieces and elements thereof. the difference in timbre between open and valve tones is diminished.

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394 Tuning devices: 403 Bars and supports: This subclass is indented under subclass 388. This subclass is indented under subclass 402. Means to change the key or pitch. Bars supported at nodal points to vibrate trans- versely and means for supporting them; also 395 Trombones: some end-supported bars and some resonators; This subclass is indented under subclass 387. hand-strikers are used. Instruments in which the changes in length of the vibrating air column depend on a slide. 404 With strikers: This subclass is indented under subclass 403. 396 Tuning devices: Bars furnishing the notes of a scale and strikers This subclass is indented under subclass 395. therefor. Means to change the key or pitch specially adapted to a trombone. (1) Note. Called “xylophones, toy pianos, pianos, pianos without strings, chimes,” 397 Drainage: etc. This subclass is indented under subclass 387. Water-keys and analogous devices. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 116, Signals and Indicators, appropriate 398 Mouthpieces: subclasses for mechanically operated This subclass is indented under subclass 387. signals. Cornet and similar mouthpieces, usually cup- 340, Communications: Electrical, sub- shaped. classes 384.1-404.3 for electrically operated audible signals. 399 Adjustable: This subclass is indented under subclass 398. 405 With electric action: Adjustable in length or internal shape or having This subclass is indented under subclass 403. interchangeable parts. The bars are vibrated by electromagnets.

400 Mutes: 406 Bells: This subclass is indented under subclass 387. This subclass is indented under subclass 402. Cornet-mutes to enable the player to produce a A musical instrument usually including a plu- softer tone than usual. rality of bells and strikers or equivalents.

401 Tremolos: SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: This subclass is indented under subclass 387. 116, Signals and Indicators, subclass 25 Devices by which a tremolo effect may be pro- for single bells. duced. 407 With electric action: 402 Rigid vibrators: This subclass is indented under subclass 406. This subclass is indented under subclass 1. The strikers are actuated or controlled by elec- Miscellaneous constructions and features. tromagnets.

(1) Note. This group is intended to take all SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: solid sounding-bodies except strings. 340, Communications: Electrical, sub- They are sometimes called “autophones” classes 392.1-396.1 for an electri- or “percussion instruments”. cally operated signal bell.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- 408 Tongues: CLASS: This subclass is indented under subclass 402. 2, 3, 170, and 171, for attachments to a Short bars fixed at one end like the teeth of a piano or organ. comb and vibrated by a pick.

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(1) Note. Most familiar in the Swiss music- 417 Inside: box and indented subclasses. This subclass is indented under subclass 415. The snares are inside the head. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- CLASS: 418 Tambourines: 94.1 through 101, for combs. This subclass is indented under subclass 411. Shallow drums with a single head. 409 Forks: This subclass is indented under subclass 402. 419 Tympani: A musical instrument comprising tuning-forks This subclass is indented under subclass 411. and their strikers. Kettledrums and tuning means therefor.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- 420 Toy: CLASS: This subclass is indented under subclass 411. 457, for single forks. Small cheap drums used as toys.

410 Resonators: 421 Supports: This subclass is indented under subclass 402. This subclass is indented under subclass 420. Hollow bodies serving as resonators for a bar, Devices for supporting drums. fork, etc. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 248, Supports, subclasses 200 through 181, Acoustics, for pertinent subclass(es) 316.8, for attachments to a drum for as determined by schedule review. supporting bells, cymbals, etc.

411 Drums: 422.1 Drum and cymbal beaters: This subclass is indented under subclass 1. This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Miscellaneous drums not classifiable in the Subject matter which are foot-operated bass subclasses indented hereunder. drum beaters.

412 Collapsible: 422.2 Combined: This subclass is indented under subclass 411. This subclass is indented under subclass 422.1. Drums collapsible for convenience of transpor- Subject matter combined with cymbal beaters. tation. 422.3 Hi-hat: 413 Cord tighteners: This subclass is indented under subclass 422.1. This subclass is indented under subclass 411. Subject matter which are cymbal beaters (e.g., Means for tightening cords that stretch the Hi-Hat, etc.). heads. 422.4 Drumsticks: 414 Head material: This subclass is indented under subclass 422.1. This subclass is indented under subclass 411. Subject matter which are drumsticks. Unusual materials for the head. 423 Keyboards: 415 Snares: Miscellaneous patents involving several fea- This subclass is indented under subclass 411. tures or features not specifically classified. Miscellaneous features of construction. 424 Plurality of manuals: 416 Material: This subclass is indented under subclass 423. This subclass is indented under subclass 415. Keyboards like those of a pipe-organ and cou- The invention is in the material used. plers therefor.

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425 Auxiliary: 436 Guides: This subclass is indented under subclass 423. This subclass is indented under subclass 433. Keys of one set operate, respectively, keys of Improvements in the guiding devices. another set. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- 426 Pedal: CLASS: This subclass is indented under subclass 425. 438, for manufacturing processes. The keys of the first set are foot-operated. 437 Plating: 427 Plurality of touch plates: This subclass is indented under subclass 433. This subclass is indented under subclass 423. Improvements in the ivory or other covering. All or some of the keys have two places for fingering; stepped keys. 438 Manufacturing processes: This subclass is indented under subclass 423. 428 Whole-tone scale: Various processes of manufacture. This subclass is indented under subclass 427. Successive keys furnish notes a whole tone 439 Touch regulators: apart; Janko keyboards, etc. This subclass is indented under subclass 423. Means to adjust the depth or other characteris- 429 Curved front: tics of the touch. This subclass is indented under subclass 423. The front ends of the keys lie along a curved SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- line. CLASS: 435, for fulcrums. 430 Key bottoms: 467, for practice key boards. This subclass is indented under subclass 423. Changes in the part of the case which supports 440 Resistance: the key-frame. This subclass is indented under subclass 439. Means to adjust the resistance of the keys. 431 Folding: This subclass is indented under subclass 430. 441 Key holders: The bottom and keys fold into the case. This subclass is indented under subclass 423. Means to hold down a depressed key, so as to 432 Key frames adjustable: sustain the sound, generally in organs. This subclass is indented under subclass 423. Means to vary the striking-point in a horizontal SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- piano or to level the key-frame. CLASS: 167, for devices to hold all the keys. 433 Keys: This subclass is indented under subclass 423. 442 Key selectors: The improvement can be embodied in a single Means for selecting out of the twelve keys of key. an octave those needed for any diatomic scale.

434 Fulcrums and guides: 443 Chord players: This subclass is indented under subclass 433. Means whereby a single key or button sounds a Improvements in both fulcrum and guide. chord.

435 Fulcrums: SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- This subclass is indented under subclass 433. CLASS: Improvements in the fulcrum. 317, for devices to produce chords.

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444 Pedal operated: 453 ACCESSORIES: This subclass is indented under subclass 443. This subclass is indented under the class defini- Means whereby a single pedal sounds a chord. tion. Devices used in connection with a musical instrument, but not necessary to the produc- 445 Transposers: tion of music. Devices whereby each sound produced is systematically different in pitch from that nor- (1) Note. Includes testing devices. mally associated with the key struck. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- (1) Note. Includes pneumatic or electric CLASS: devices. 169, for indicators related to a self-playing instrument. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- CLASS: SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 442, for key selectors. 248, Supports, subclasses 396 and 397 for a piano stool or bench having a tilt- 446 Auxiliary keyboard: able support surface which may This subclass is indented under subclass 445. remain horizontal while the occupant A shiftable keyboard superposed on the ordi- is playing a piano manually, but nary one. which may be tilted forwardly to support the occupant in a position to 447 Keyboard shifted: facilitate pumping an organ bellows This subclass is indented under subclass 445. or player piano mechanism with his The keyboard is shifted relatively to the action. feet, and subclasses 441.1-465.1 for an easel, book, or music score holder. 448 Intermediate parts shifted: This subclass is indented under subclass 445. 454 Tuning devices: Parts between the keyboard and sounders are This subclass is indented under subclass 453. shifted. Miscellaneous devices.

449 Sounders shifted: (1) Note. This subclass and the subclasses This subclass is indented under subclass 445. indented under it include devices tempo- The sounders are shifted. rarily used in tuning, usually not connected to the instrument to be tuned. 450 Solo attachments: Some of them furnish a note of standard Devices for emphasizing the highest or lowest pitch, others are merely tools. note of a chord; “melody attachment”. 455 Strings: 451 Special or enharmonic scales: This subclass is indented under subclass 454. Pianos or organs furnishing more than twelve Strings, usually on a graduated bar; mono- notes to the octave or tuned to give a scale dif- chord; sonometer. ferent from the equally-tempered scale of the piano; special keyboards and connections 456 Pipes and reeds: therefrom; quarter-tone instruments; enhar- This subclass is indented under subclass 454. monic instruments. Pitch-pipes, reeds, etc., furnishing one or more notes of definite pitch. 452 Materials: Patents in which the novelty resides in a substi- 457 Forks: tution of material. This subclass is indented under subclass 454. Tuning-forks. (1) Note. See this class, subclasses 193 and 291.

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315, Electric Lamp and Discharge SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- Devices: Systems, pertinent sub- CLASS: classes as determined by schedule 409, for forks mounted to form a musical review, for electric systems for sup- instrument. plying electric energy to electric lamps. 458 Tools and machines: 446, Amusement Devices: Toys, subclass This subclass is indented under subclass 454. 200 for a figure toy which moves in Machines for both shaping and blowing reeds; time with a musical instrument; and also some hand tools. subclasses 202-209 for other mouth- piece-actuated toys. 459 Tuning hammers: This subclass is indented under subclass 458. 465 Exercising devices: Piano-tuners’ wrenches. Devices to aid students in learning to play an instrument. 460 Felt pickers: This subclass is indented under subclass 458. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- Needles and carriers for picking felt hammer- CLASS: heads. 281, for positioning devices.

461 Recording devices: 466 For singers: This subclass is indented under subclass 453. This subclass is indented under subclass 465. Devices for recording the movement of keys of Devices to aid in voice-training. a keyboard. 467 For pianists: SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: This subclass is indented under subclass 465. 234, Selective Cutting (e.g., Punching), Includes practice-keyboards; “claviers”. subclasses 49-50, if the record is made by selectively perforating a SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- moving sheet; subclasses 109-119 and CLASS: 123-125 for a keyboard controlled 440, for key resistance devices. selective cutting device in general. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 462 Electric: 434, Education and Demonstration, sub- This subclass is indented under subclass 461. classes 176, 202, and 227-233 for These devices involve electric circuits. other teaching devices having keyboards. 463 Applying expression lines: 482, Exercise Devices, particularly sub- This subclass is indented under subclass 461. classes 44-50 for hand, wrist, or fin- Means for applying expression lines or marks ger exercise apparatus in general. to a record-sheet. 601, Surgery: Kinesitherapy, subclass 40 for hand and finger exercise devices. 464 Producing color or light effects: This subclass is indented under subclass 453. 468 Attached to performer: Devices for producing light or color effects This subclass is indented under subclass 467. combined with an instrument for producing Devices attached to the player’s hand or body. music. 469 Armrest rail: SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: This subclass is indented under subclass 467. 239, Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Dif- A rail fixed to the piano-case to position the fusing, subclass 18 for ornamental player’s arm. fountains having means to light or illuminate the fountain.

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fit, and see especially subclass 301 SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- thereof for musical indicia. CLASS: 434, Education and Demonstration, sub- 328, for arm, hand, or finger rests. classes 208 and 403 for other educational blocks or cards. 470 Teaching devices: 446, Amusement Devices: Toys, sub- This subclass is indented under subclass 453. classes 85-128 for toy blocks; and Devices for use in teaching music, some with subclass 147 for toy cards. sounders; charts; indicators. 477 Indicators: SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: This subclass is indented under subclass 470. 434, Education and Demonstration, for Miscellaneous visual devices responding to pertinent subclasses as determined by movements of keys or directing their move- schedule review for other teaching ment or showing note relationships. devices. 478 For keyboard: 471 Charts or boards: This subclass is indented under subclass 477. This subclass is indented under subclass 470. To be used on a keyboard. Various kinds of charts. 479 Single position: 472 Easel type: This subclass is indented under subclass 478. This subclass is indented under subclass 471. A card or board bearing indicia to register with Devices adapted to stand vertically and others the keys of the instrument-keyboard. of analogous construction and use. 480 With transposing slide: SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- This subclass is indented under subclass 479. CLASS: The card has a slide to indicate various major 477, for devices in which a note, etc., is or minor keys. caused to appear on the staff upon pressing a key. 481 Plurality of cards: This subclass is indented under subclass 479. 473 With transposing slide: A plurality of cards, each for a single key. This subclass is indented under subclass 471. Devices having a slide for illustrating change 482 Shiftable: of key. This subclass is indented under subclass 478. The card is shifted along the keyboard for 474 With transposing dial: transposition. This subclass is indented under subclass 471. Similar devices having a dial. 483.1 Tune sheets: This subclass is indented under subclass 477. 475 For transcribing: Subject matter having sheets bearing the music This subclass is indented under subclass 471. and located with special reference to the keys Various devices useful in writing music, such or sounders. as from a record or for a transposing instrument. 483.2 Notation systems: This subclass is indented under subclass 483.1. 476 Blocks: Subject matter including notation systems. This subclass is indented under subclass 470. Blocks or cards having musical characters. 484 For tempo: This subclass is indented under subclass 477. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: Devices for indicating the tempo or rhythm. 273, Amusement Devices: Games, subclasses 292-308 for card or tile games which may have an educational bene-

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248, Supports, subclasses 441.1-465.1 for 485 For fingering: an easel, book, or music score holder. This subclass is indented under subclass 477. The music-sheet has marks showing what fin- 487 Motor operated: ger is to be used in producing a note. This subclass is indented under subclass 486. In these generally a spring-motor is released 486 Leaf turners: repeatedly to turn leaf-holding arms forward This subclass is indented under subclass 453. and back; the motor must be rewound from Patents showing constructions not clearly time to time. belonging in one of the following subclasses or showing features applicable to various types of (1) Note. Some patents show an electric leaf-turners. motor.

(1) Note. Leaf-turners are devices to be 488 Gravity operated: attached to a music-stand or to the This subclass is indented under subclass 486. music-desk of a piano to enable a player The leaves are moved by the weight of some to turn one or more leaves of music from part. right to left. In some cases the player releases a source of power, in others he 489 Hand and spring operated arms: furnishes the power. In either case he This subclass is indented under subclass 486. may use his hand, knee, or foot, and the The arms are started by hand and their move- terms “releaser” and “finger-piece” are ment continued by springs. used generically herein to include also knee-levers and foot-levers. Often a (1) Note. Each arm has a spring tending to pedal is connected to operate a finger- carry it from right to left. The arm is held key. Usually each leaf is attached by by a latch, catch, detent, or dog. This clips to one or two arms extending from may be liberated by a releaser, trigger, a solid or tubular shaft pivoted near the key, or finger-piece. line of fold of the music-sheets or the line of the back of a bound book, said 490 Plurality of latches: arms extending along the top or bottom There is a latch for each arm. edge of the leaf or along both. This classification is based, first, on the immedi- 491 Fixed latches: ate source of the power that turns the This subclass is indented under subclass 490. leaf-motor, gravity, spring, or hand--and, The latches are fixed and the arms are moved second, on whether there is a plurality of slightly to release them. parts or a single one of each kind. The parts considered are only those of turn- 492 Plurality of releasers: ing a leaf from right to left. In many This subclass is indented under subclass 490. instances there are keys or pedals to There is a releaser, key, or pedal for each arm. return the leaves from left to right. These are disregarded in the classification. 493 Latches and releasers pivoted: This subclass is indented under subclass 492. (2) Note. Patents for some features of con- Both latches and releasers are pivoted. struction that are not suggested by these titles are cross-referenced into this sub- 494 Integral: class. This subclass is indented under subclass 493. Each latch is integral with its releaser and is SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: pivoted. 40, Card, Picture, or Sign Exhibiting, subclasses 524-528, 529 for means to 495 Single latch: feed a continuous sheet of music and One latch holds all the arms, so only one 530-537 for means to turn the leaves releaser is needed. of a book.

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496 Fixed latch: 506 Actuators and finger pieces integral: This subclass is indented under subclass 495. This subclass is indented under subclass 504. The latch is fixed and commonly it holds Each finger-piece is integral with its actuator. directly the outermost arm. The latter is often toothed.

497 Sliding latch: 507 Single finger piece: This subclass is indented under subclass 495. This subclass is indented under subclass 503. The latch slides to release the arms succes- One finger-piece operates successively all the sively. actuators and arms; single actuator operates all the arms. 498 Escapement: This subclass is indented under subclass 495. 508 Progressive action: The latch has means to catch the following arm The actuator moves on step by step to shift the before or as it releases the front one. successive arms.

499 Air operated: 509 Arms and actuator on different axes: This subclass is indented under subclass 498. This subclass is indented under subclass 508. The latch is operated by a puff of air. The arms and actuator are pivoted on different axes. 500 Single spring arm: This subclass is indented under subclass 486. 510 With segmental gear: There is only one arm, and this is spring-oper- This subclass is indented under subclass 509. ated. The actuator has a segmental gear.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- 511 Sliding actuator: CLASS: The actuator slides. 516, for single arm devices. 517, for single transfer bar devices. 512 With segmental rack: This subclass is indented under subclass 511. 501 Latch and releaser integral: It includes a segmental rack. This subclass is indented under subclass 500. The two functions are served by one integral 513 Repeating action: piece. The actuator after shifting one arm returns for the next one. 502 Player-operated arms: This subclass is indented under subclass 486. 514 Arms and actuator on different axes: The player supplies the power to turn the arms This subclass is indented under subclass 513. through finger-pieces and connections called The arms and actuator are pivoted on different “actuators”. axes.

503 Plurality of actuators: 515 Sliding actuator: This subclass is indented under subclass 502. This subclass is indented under subclass 513. One for each arm. The actuator slides.

504 Plurality of finger pieces: 516 Single arm: This subclass is indented under subclass 503. This subclass is indented under subclass 486. One for each arm. Devices for turning a single leaf or sometimes a sheet around its center. 505 Actuators pivoted: This subclass is indented under subclass 504. The actuator is pivoted; often it is a gear or segmental gear.

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322, Electricity: Single Generator Systems, 517 Single transfer bar: appropriate subclasses for miscella- This subclass is indented under subclass 486. neous generator systems for generat- There are no arms with clips, but a single actu- ing electric currents and potentials. ator engages successively leaves or attach- 327, Miscellaneous Active Electrical Non- ments on them. linear Devices, Circuits, and Systems, appropriate subclasses for miscella- 518 With buckling devices: neous nonlinear circuits using active This subclass is indented under subclass 517. devices such as tubes or transistors. Devices for partly raising a leaf, so that the bar 331, Oscillators, appropriate subclasses for or finger may pass under it. electrical oscillator systems, per se. 333, Wave Transmission Lines and Net- 519 With suction devices: works, subclass 20 for electric wave- This subclass is indented under subclass 517. shaping networks of the passive type The leaf is lifted by a suction-head. and subclass 167 for electric wave filters. 520 Leaves prepared: 336, Inductor Devices, appropriate sub- This subclass is indented under subclass 517. classes for inductive reactors and The leaves are notched or otherwise modified transformers which are provided with to cooperate with the mechanism. fixed or movable elements (e.g., having a moving armature to modify the 521 With magnetic disks: impedance of an inductive reactor). This subclass is indented under subclass 520. 338, Electrical Resistors, subclass 69 for The leaves carry iron disks to be attracted by mechanically variable resistors actu- magnets on the transfer-bar. ated by musical instrument playing keys. 600 Electrical musical tone generation: 363, Electric Power Conversion Systems, This subclass is indented under subclass 1. appropriate subclasses for electric Subject matter including means for generating power conversion systems; particu- or modifying electric currents or potentials to larly subclasses 13-147 for rectifying produce varying electric currents or potentials and inverting systems, and subclasses in combination with, or intended for converting 157-177 for frequency conversion the varying electric currents or potentials into systems. sound vibrations for the production of musical 704, Data Processing: Speech Signal Pro- tones. cessing, Linguistics, Language Trans- lation, and Audio Compression/ (1) Note. For devices which generate or Decompression, subclasses 258-269 modify an electric current or potential so for speech synthesis. as to produce a particular waveform, see the search notes below. 601 Data storage: This subclass is indented under subclass 600. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: Subject matter wherein tone characteristic 307, Electrical Transmission or Intercon- informations such as timbre, envelope, har- nection Systems, subclasses 106-108 monic contents, pitch or etc., are retained and for waveform or waveshape determi- retrievable to produce musical tone. native circuits. 310, Electrical Generator or Motor Struc- SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: ture, appropriate subclasses for elec- 324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, trical generators, particularly sub- subclasses 111 and 113 for storing or class 111 for generated wave modifi- recording voltage or current. cations; subclass 160 for rotary fre- 360, Dynamic Magnetic Information Stor- quency converters, and subclasses age and Retrieval, subclass 32 for 166-172 for induction and variable prior analog to digital conversion; reluctance type A. C. generators. subclasses 55-68 for magnetic record-

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ing and producing; subclass 131 for recording medium, per se. 603 Sampling (e.g., with A/D conversion): 365, Static Information Storage and This subclass is indented under subclass 602. Retrieval, appropriate subclasses for Subject matter wherein an analog sound is dig- memory, per se, and subclass 48 for itized and stored for future retrieval. magnetic analog storage. 369, Dynamic Information Storage and SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: Retrieval, subclass 63 for sound 341, Coded Data Generation and Conver- reproduction for toy or novelty; sub- sion, subclasses 122-125 for generic class 86 for acoustic signal storage A/D conversion with sampling. and retrieval; subclasses 272.1-291.1 360, Dynamic Magnetic Information Stor- for storage medium, per se. age or Retrieval, subclass 32 for ana- 704, Data Processing: Speech Signal Pro- log to digital conversion prior to stor- cessing, Linguistics, Language Trans- age. lation, and Audio Compression/ 700, Data Processing: Generic Control Decompression, subclasses 206-210 Systems or Specific Applications, for storage of pitch and formats. subclass 73 for sampled data control 720, Dynamic Optical Information Stor- systems, per se. age or Retrieval, subclasses 718 through 746 for optical storage 604 Waveform memory: medium structure. This subclass is indented under subclass 602. Subject matter wherein a waveform is digitally 602 Digital memory circuit (e.g., RAM, ROM, stored. etc.): This subclass is indented under subclass 601. 605 Read out at different rates: Subject matter wherein the tone characteristic This subclass is indented under subclass 604. information is stored by digital memory circuit Subject matter wherein the waveforms are read in a discrete format (e.g., RAM, ROM, etc.) to out from memory at various rates that corre- produce musical tone. spond to desired pitches.

(1) Note. This subclass does not provide for SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: generating musical tone based on digital 365, Static Information and Retrieval, sub- combinational circuit (see this class subclass 230.01 for addressing a wave- class 647 for digital combinational cir- form memory, per se. cuit). 606 Read out at fixed rate: SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: This subclass is indented under subclass 604. 360, Dynamic Magnetic Information Stor- Subject matter wherein the waveforms are read age and Retrieval, subclass 32 for out from memory at a constant rate. prior analog to digital conversion before storage; subclass 39 for digital SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- storage; subclasses 55-68 for mag- CLASS: netic recording and retrieval; sub- 605, for read out at different rates. classes 131-136 for storage medium, per se. 607 Recursive algorithm: 365, Static Information Storage and This subclass is indented under subclass 604. Retrieval, appropriate subclasses for Subject matter wherein a plural period wave- specific memory systems, per se. form is achieved by rereading the same wave- 711, Electrical Computers and Digital Pro- form from the same memory location. cessing Systems: Memory, subclasses 100-173 for generic storage SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- accessing and control in digital data CLASS: processing systems. 605, for read out at different rates.

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SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 614 Reiteration: 700, Data Processing: Generic Control This subclass is indented under subclass 610. Systems or Specific Applications, Subject matter wherein the plural tones are subclass 89 for data processing con- repetitively played in sequence. trol system with specific algorithm 615 Selecting circuits: 608 Fourier coefficient memory: This subclass is indented under subclass 602. This subclass is indented under subclass 602. Subject matter comprising a circuit which Subject matter wherein storage locations are selects any musical parameter, e.g., pitch, tim- provided for the Fourier coefficients. bre, etc.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- 616 Fundamental tone detection or extraction: CLASS: This subclass is indented under subclass 615. 602, for digital memory circuit. Subject matter wherein the fundamental or pitch is detected and used to activate or modify SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: a musical system. 708, Electrical Computers: Arithmetic Pro- cessing and Calculating, subclasses 617 Multiplexing or scanning: 403-409 and 821 for digital and ana- This subclass is indented under subclass 615. log Fourier transforms. Subject matter wherein the selecting circuits are assigned by time division multiplexing or 609 Note sequence: scanning. This subclass is indented under subclass 602. Subject matter wherein a succession of musical SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: notes is sequentially processed by digital mem- 340, Communications: Electrical, sub- ory circuit for performance or comparison. classes 4.37 and 4.4-4.42 for selective scanning devices in audio reproduc- SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: ing. 446, Amusement Devices: Toys, subclass 370, Multiplex Communications, appropri- 408 for simulated musical instru- ate subclasses for time division multi- ments. plexing, per se.

610 Accompaniment: 618 Priority or preference circuits: This subclass is indented under subclass 609. This subclass is indented under subclass 615. Subject matter wherein the stored sequence is Subject matter wherein a plurality of musical used as a musical support for a voice or mel- notes or keys are selected with a certain note or ody. notes having precedence over others selected e.g., highest or lowest notes having priority 611 Rhythm: over any other selected, etc. This subclass is indented under subclass 610. Subject matter wherein the information repre- SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: sents the timing intervals of the musical piece. 327, Miscellaneous Active Electrical Non- linear Devices, Circuits, and Systems, 612 Tempo control: subclasses 1-99 for signal discrimi- This subclass is indented under subclass 611. nating, comparing, or selecting. Subject matter wherein the rate or speed of rhythm is variable. 619 Transposition: This subclass is indented under subclass 615. 613 Chords: Subject matter wherein a musical piece is writ- This subclass is indented under subclass 610. ten or performed in a key other than the origi- Subject matter wherein the note sequence con- nal or given key. tains a plurality of notes played simultaneously.

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subclass 118 for signal processing of SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: musical instruments, per se. 363, Electric Power Conversion Systems, 708, Electrical Computers: Arithmetic Pro- subclasses 157-177 for converting a cessing and Calculating, subclasses first frequency into a second fre- 300-323 for digital filtering by a cal- quency. culating computer.

620 Stops: 623 Time varying or dynamic Fourier compo- This subclass is indented under subclass 615. nents: Subject matter wherein a circuit or system This subclass is indented under subclass 622. selects a musical voice, tone color, timbre or Subject matter wherein the Fourier components electrically simulated organ pipe sound. are time varying or dynamic.

621 Noise reduction (e.g., error prevention, etc.): SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- This subclass is indented under subclass 602. CLASS: Subject matter wherein circuitry is provided to 608, for a constant stored Fourier compo- reduce electrical noises, transients or unwanted nent. disturbances. 624 Modulation: SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: This subclass is indented under subclass 622. 381, Electrical Audio Signal Processing Subject matter wherein tones are synthesized Systems and Devices, subclasses or modified by varying a carrier wave in accor- 71.1-71.14 for acoustical noise or dance with a modulation wave. sound cancellation; subclasses 94.1- 94.9 for noise or distortion suppres- SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: sion. 332, Modulators, subclasses 117-143 for 702, Data Processing: Measuring, Cali- phase or frequency modulation; sub- brating, or Testing, subclasses 191- classes 149-182 for amplitude modu- 195 for noise removal or suppression lation. in a measured signal of a data process- 360, Dynamic Magnetic Information Stor- ing measuring system age or Retrieval, subclasses 29 through 30 for the frequency modula- 622 Tone synthesis or timbre control: tion of stored data. This subclass is indented under subclass 602. Subject matter wherein the harmonic content of 625 Mixing: a note is controlled or modified. This subclass is indented under subclass 622. Subject matter wherein two or more signals are SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: combined to form a composite waveform. 307, Electrical Transmission or Intercon- nection Systems, subclasses 106-108 SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: for waveform or waveshape determi- 327, Miscellaneous Active Electrical Non- native systems. linear Devices, Circuits, and Systems, 327, Miscellaneous Active Electrical Non- subclasses 113-123 for a miscella- linear Devices, Circuits, and Systems, neous frequency mixing circuit. subclasses 100-333 for miscellaneous 369, Dynamic Information Storage or converting, shaping, or generating. Retrieval, subclass 4 for mixing sig- 333, Wave Transmission Lines and Net- nals that originate from storage. works, subclass 28 for audio tone 381, Electrical Audio Signal Processing controls; subclasses 167-185 for Systems and Devices, subclass 119 lumped parameter filters, per se. for audio system mixers, per se. 381, Electrical Audio Signal Processing Systems and Devices, subclasses 101 through 103 for automatic tone control or equalization of an audio signal;

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332, Modulators, subclasses 117-143 for 626 Expression or special effects (e.g., force or frequency modulation which produces velocity responsive, etc.): vibrato; subclasses 149-182 for ampli- This subclass is indented under subclass 602. tude modulation which produces Subject matter for providing an indication of tremolo. feeling or artistic execution to the musical 381, Electrical Audio Signal Processing tones. Systems and Devices, subclass 62 for tremolo or vibrato effects. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 73, Measuring and Testing, subclasses 630 Reverberation: 488-551 for velocity measuring, per This subclass is indented under subclass 626. se. Subject matter for providing time delays that 327, Miscellaneous Active Electrical Non- simulate a plurality of acoustic reflections of a linear Devices, Circuits, and Systems, given tone; e.g., echo, etc. subclasses 261-290 for miscellaneous delay circuits. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, sub- 367, Communications, Electrical: Acous- class 28 for measuring key switch tic Wave Systems and Devices, sub- velocity optically. classes 87-116 for echo systems, per 361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and se. Devices, subclasses 283.1-283.4 for 381, Electrical Audio Signal Processing pressure (force) responsive capacitors. Systems and Devices, subclasses 63- 65 for reverberation. 627 Envelope shaping (i.e., attack, decay, sustain or release): 631 Chorus, ensemble, or celeste: This subclass is indented under subclass 626. This subclass is indented under subclass 626. Subject matter for providing or modifying an Subject matter providing for the combining of amplitude contour of an activated tone. a slightly detuned tone with the original tone.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 327, Miscellaneous Active Electrical Non- 381, Electrical Audio Signal Processing linear Devices, Circuits, and Systems, Systems and Devices, subclasses 89 subclasses 306-333 for signal shap- through 336 for rotating speakers that ing by amplitude control. produce a chorus or “Leslie” effect. 333, Wave Transmission Lines and Net- works, appropriate subclasses for net- 632 Chiff or percussive transients: works delay. This subclass is indented under subclass 626. Subject matter wherein transients are intro- 628 Portamento or glissando: duced into the initial sounding portion of the This subclass is indented under subclass 626. envelope to simulate the hiss or noise of an Subject matter for producing an audible contin- organ pipe. uous glide from one tone to a second tone. 633 Loudness control: 629 Vibrato or tremolo: This subclass is indented under subclass 626. This subclass is indented under subclass 626. Subject matter wherein the amplitude or vol- Subject matter wherein an audio tone is fre- ume of the musical tones may be regulated. quency or amplitude modulated with a subaudio frequency. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 381, Electrical Audio Signal Processing SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: Systems and Devices, subclasses 104- 331, Oscillators, subclass 178 for produc- 109 for amplitude or volume control ing vibrato in the oscillator output fre- of an audio signal. quency.

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634 Accompaniment: 640 Variable speed: This subclass is indented under subclass 602. This subclass is indented under subclass 639. Subject matter wherein digital data represents a Subject matter wherein different pitches are musical support or background. obtained by varying the rotational speed of a diffraction or grating disk. 635 Rhythm: This subclass is indented under subclass 634. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: Subject matter wherein the information repre- 250, Radiant Energy, subclass 237 for pre- sents timing intervals of a musical piece. photocell grating systems. 359, Optical: Systems and Elements, sub- 636 Tempo control: classes 558-576 for optical diffrac- This subclass is indented under subclass 635. tion devices. Subject matter wherein the rate or speed of rhythm is variable. 641 Magnetic: This subclass is indented under subclass 601. 637 Chords: Subject matter including magnetic and electri- This subclass is indented under subclass 634. cal means for storing data representative of the Subject matter wherein the data represents a musical tones. plurality of musical tones to be played simultaneously. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 360, Dynamic Magnetic Information Stor- 638 Arpeggio: age or Retrieval, subclasses 55-68 for This subclass is indented under subclass 634. general features pertaining to mag- Subject matter wherein the data represents netic storage of information; sub- chord tones to be played in sequence one at a classes 131-136 for the storage time. medium, per se. 365, Static Information Storage and 639 Photoelectric: Retrieval, subclass 48 for analog stor- This subclass is indented under subclass 601. age on magnetic medium. Subject matter including optical and electrical means for storing data representative of the 642 Tape: musical tones. This subclass is indented under subclass 641. Subject matter wherein the magnetic storage SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: medium is in a tape form. 250, Radiant Energy, subclasses 200-239 for photocell systems. 643 Capacitive: 361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and This subclass is indented under subclass 601. Devices, subclasses 173-177 for the Subject matter including capacitive means for activation of solenoids from a condi- storing data representative of the musical tion responsive photosensor. tones. 362, Illumination, subclass 295 for a switch which acts in response to a SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: light source or modifier which ulti- 361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and mately controls, for example, an oscil- Devices, subclasses 271-330 for lator; subclass 802 for light activated capacitors, per se. switches, per se. 365, Static Information Storage and 365, Static Information Storage and Retrieval, subclass 102 for capacita- Retrieval, subclass 112 for generic tive type read only memories. photoelectric memory systems. 644 Constructional details: This subclass is indented under subclass 601. Subject matter including mechanical features of the musical instrument.

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331, Oscillators, appropriate subclasses for 645 MIDI (musical instrument digital interface): oscillators used to provide a digital This subclass is indented under subclass 601. signal. Subject matter including an interface between 363, Electric Power Conversion Systems, an instrument and a digital processing system. subclass 157 for converting frequencies. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 377, Electrical Pulse Counters, Pulse 700, Data Processing: Generic Control Dividers, or Shift Registers: Circuits Systems or Specific Applications, and Systems, subclasses 118-128 for subclasses 83 through 85 for generic pulse frequency dividing chains; sub- data processing with operator control class 47 for pulse multiplication or interface. division.

646 Fret control: 649 Note sequence: This subclass is indented under subclass 600. This subclass is indented under subclass 647. Subject matter wherein the stored data is con- Subject matter wherein a succession of musical trolled via a stringed musical instrument fin- notes is sequentially processed by digital com- gerboard, e.g., switches on a guitar binational circuit for performance or compari- fingerboard, etc. son.

647 Digital combinational circuit: SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- This subclass is indented under subclass 600. CLASS: Subject matter wherein binary inputs are pro- 609 through 614, for note sequence with vided to digital combinational circuit to pro- digital data storage. duce musical tone. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: (1) Note. Digital combinational circuit per- 377, Electrical Pulse Counters, Pulse forms some unique logic function such Dividers, or Shift Registers: Circuits as decording, encording, multiplexing, and Systems, subclass 26 for applica- comparison or an arithmetic operation tions of pulse dividers utilizing mem- with binary numbers. ory.

(2) Note. This subclass does not provide for 650 Accompaniment (e.g., chords, etc.): stored tone characteristic information to This subclass is indented under subclass 649. produce musical tone (See this class, Subject matter wherein the stored sequence is subclass 602 for digital memory circuit). used as a musical support for a voice or melody. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 331, Oscillators, appropriate subclasses for 651 Rhythm: oscillators used to provided a digital This subclass is indented under subclass 650. signal. Subject matter wherein the information represents timing intervals of the musical piece. 648 With frequency multiplication or division: This subclass is indented under subclass 647. 652 Tempo control: Subject matter wherein the discrete notes of a This subclass is indented under subclass 651. complete musical scale are obtained by varying Subject matter wherein the rate or speed of the oscillator output frequency. rhythm is variable.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 653 Selecting circuits: 327, Miscellaneous Active Electrical Non- This subclass is indented under subclass 647. linear Devices, Circuits, and Systems, Subject matter comprising a circuit which subclasses 113-123 for miscellaneous selects musical parameter, e.g., pitch, timbre, frequency multiplication or division. etc.

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SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- CLASS: CLASS: 615 through 620, for selective circuit with 445, for transposition structure. digital storage. 619, for transposition with digital storage.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 658 Force or velocity responsive: 200, Electricity: Circuit Makers and Break- This subclass is indented under subclass 653. ers, appropriate subclasses for select- Subject matter wherein the selecting circuit is ing circuits in conjunction with musi- responsive to the applied pressure force or cal instruments. velocity. 307, Electrical Transmission or Intercon- nection Systems, subclasses 112-144 SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- for switching systems. CLASS: 626 through 633, for force or velocity 654 Fundamental tone detection or extraction: responsive with digital storage. This subclass is indented under subclass 653. Subject matter wherein the fundamental or 659 Tone synthesis or timbre control: pitch is detected and used to activate or modify This subclass is indented under subclass 647. a musical system. Subject matter wherein harmonic content of a note is controlled or modified. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- CLASS: SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- 616, for fundamental tone detection or CLASS: extraction with digital storage. 622 through 625, for tone synthesis or timbre control with digital storage. 655 Multiplexing or scanning: This subclass is indented under subclass 653. 660 Mixing: Subject matter wherein the selecting circuits This subclass is indented under subclass 659. are assigned by time division multiplexing or Subject matter wherein two or more signals are scanning. combined to form a composite waveform.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- CLASS: CLASS: 617, for multiplexing or scanning with dig- 625, for mixing with digital storage. ital storage. 661 Filtering: 656 Priority or preference circuits: This subclass is indented under subclass 659. This subclass is indented under subclass 653. Subject matter wherein a desired waveform is Subject matter wherein a plurality of musical obtained by removing one or more partials or notes or keys are selected with a certain note or harmonics. notes having precedence over others, e.g., highest or lowest notes having priority, etc. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 307, Electrical Transmission or Intercon- SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- nection Systems, subclass 105 for CLASS: harmonic filter or neutralizer. 618, for priority or preference circuits with 333, Wave Transmission Lines and Net- digital storage. works, subclass 186 for electrome- chanical filters using lumped parame- 657 Transposition: ters. This subclass is indented under subclass 653. 708, Electrical Computers: Arithmetic Pro- Subject matter wherein a musical piece is writ- cessing and Calculating, subclasses ten or performed in a key other than the origi- 300-323 for digital filtering by a cal- nal or given key. culating computer.

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662 Expression or special effects: SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- This subclass is indented under subclass 647. CLASS: Subject matter for providing an indication of 633, for loudness control with digital stor- feeling or artistic execution to the musical age. tones. 666 Accompaniment: SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- This subclass is indented under subclass 647. CLASS: Subject matter wherein digital data represents a 626, for expression or special effects with musical support or background. digital storage. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: CLASS: 331, Oscillators, subclass 182 for specific 610 through 614, for accompaniment with amplitude control to produce tremolo. note sequence. 381, Electrical Audio Signal Processing 634 through 638, for accompaniment with Systems and Devices, subclass 62 for digital memory circuit. vibrato or tremolo. 650 through 652, for accompaniment with note sequence of digital combina- 663 Envelope shaping (i.e., attack, decay, sustain tional circuit. or release): This subclass is indented under subclass 662. 667 Rhythm: Subject matter for providing or modifying an This subclass is indented under subclass 666. amplitude contour of an activated tone. Subject matter wherein the information represents timing intervals of a musical piece. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- CLASS: SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- 627, for envelope shaping with digital stor- CLASS: age. 611 through 612, for rhythm with note sequence of digital storage. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 635 through 636, for rhythm with accom- 327, Miscellaneous Active Electrical Non- paniment of digital storage. linear Devices, Circuits, and Systems, 651 through 652, for rhythm with accom- subclasses 306-333 for signal shap- paniment of digital combinational cir- ing by amplitude control. cuit. 333, Wave Transmission Lines and Net- works, appropriate subclasses for net- 668 Tempo control: work delay. This subclass is indented under subclass 667. Subject matter wherein the rate or speed of 664 Chorus, ensemble, or celeste: rhythm is variable. This subclass is indented under subclass 662. Subject matter providing for the combining of SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- a slightly detuned tone with the original tone. CLASS: 612, for tempo control with note sequence SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- of digital storage. CLASS: 636, for tempo control with accompani- 631, for chorus, ensemble, or celeste with ment of digital storage. digital storage. 652, for tempo control of digital combinational circuit. 665 Loudness control: This subclass is indented under subclass 662. Subject matter wherein the amplitude or volume of the musical tones may be regulated.

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669 Chords: 675 With frequency multiplication or division: This subclass is indented under subclass 666. This subclass is indented under subclass 671. Subject matter wherein the data represents a Subject matter wherein the discrete notes of a plurality of musical tones to be played simulta- musical scale are derived through frequency neously. multipliers or dividers.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- CLASS: CLASS: 613, for chords with digital memory cir- 648, for frequency multiplication or divi- cuit. sion with digital combinational cir- 637, for chords with accompaniment. cuit.

670 Constructional details: 676 With transistor: This subclass is indented under subclass 647. This subclass is indented under subclass 675. Subject matter including mechanical features Subject matter wherein the oscillator, fre- of the musical instrument. quency multipliers or frequency dividers include a semiconductor device with three or SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- more electrodes. CLASS: 644, for construction details with digital SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: storage. 327, Miscellaneous Active Electrical Non- linear Devices, Circuits, and Systems, 671 Electric analog oscillators: subclasses 113-123 for frequency This subclass is indented under subclass 600. conversion or control. Subject matter wherein the varying electric currents or potentials originate from an analog 677 With space discharging means: oscillator. This subclass is indented under subclass 675. Subject matter wherein the oscillators, fre- SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: quency multipliers or frequency dividers 331, Oscillators, appropriate subclasses for include one or more devices in which conduc- oscillator circuits, per se. tion of electrons takes place through a vacuum or gaseous medium. 672 Variable frequency: This subclass is indented under subclass 671. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- Subject matter wherein the oscillator is CLASS: changed so that the discrete notes of a complete 674, for space discharging mean with vari- musical scale are obtained. able frequency.

673 With variable filtering: 678 Selecting circuits: This subclass is indented under subclass 672. This subclass is indented under subclass 671. Subject matter wherein the output of the oscil- Subject matter including a circuit which selects lator is applied to a filter wherein partials or a musical parameter, e.g., pitch or timbre, etc. harmonics to be removed can be varied. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- 674 With space discharging means: CLASS: This subclass is indented under subclass 672. 615, for selecting circuit with digital stor- Subject matter wherein the oscillator includes age. one or more devices in which conduction of 653, for selecting circuits with digital com- electrons takes place through a vacuum or gas- binational circuit. eous medium.

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679 With transistor: 682 Multiplexing or scanning: This subclass is indented under subclass 678. This subclass is indented under subclass 678. Subject matter wherein the oscillator, fre- Subject matter wherein the selecting circuits quency multipliers or frequency dividers are assigned by time-division multiplexing or include a semiconductor device with three or scanning. more electrodes. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- CLASS: CLASS: 616, for multiplexing or scanning with dig- 676, for transistor with frequency multipli- ital storage. cation or division. 655, for multiplexing or scanning with digital combinational circuit. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 327, Miscellaneous Active Electrical Non- 683 Noise reduction (e.g., error prevention, etc.): linear Devices, Circuits, and Systems, This subclass is indented under subclass 678. subclasses 113-123 for frequency Subject matter wherein circuitry is provided to conversion or control. reduce electrical noise, transients or unwanted disturbances. 680 With space discharging means: This subclass is indented under subclass 678. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- Subject matter wherein the selecting circuit CLASS: includes a device in which conduction of elec- 621, for noise reduction (e.g., error preven- trons takes place through a vacuum or gaseous tion, etc.) with digital storage. medium. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- 330, Amplifiers, subclass 149 for noise, CLASS: hum or distortion bucking introduced 674, for space discharging means with into signal channel. variable frequency. 381, Electrical Audio Signal Processing Systems and Devices, subclasses SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 71.1-71.14 for acoustical noise or 327, Miscellaneous Active Electrical Non- sound cancellation; subclasses 94.1- linear Devices, Circuits, and Systems, 94.9 for noise or distortion suppres- subclasses 113-123 for frequency sion. conversion or control. 684 Priority or preference circuits: 681 Fundamental tone detection or extraction: This subclass is indented under subclass 678. This subclass is indented under subclass 678. Subject matter wherein a plurality of musical Subject matter wherein the fundamental or notes or keys are selected with a certain note or pitch is detected and used to activate or modify notes having precedence over others e.g., high- a musical system. est or lowest notes having priority, etc.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- CLASS: CLASS: 616, for fundamental tone detection or 618, for priority or preference circuits with extraction with digital storage. digital storage. 654, for fundamental tone detection or 656, for priority or preference circuits with extraction with digital combinational digital combinational circuit. circuit.

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685 Transposition: 688 With magnetic selector: This subclass is indented under subclass 678. This subclass is indented under subclass 687. Subject matter wherein a musical piece is writ- Subject matter wherein the selecting circuit ten or performed in a key other than the origi- includes a magnetic selector or selectors. nal or given key. 689 With capacitive selector: SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- This subclass is indented under subclass 687. CLASS: Subject matter wherein the selecting circuit 619, for transposition with digital storage. includes a capacitive selector or selectors. 657, for transposition with digital combinational circuit. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 200, Electricity: Circuit Makers and Break- 686 Stops: ers, Dig. 1 for capacitive switching. This subclass is indented under subclass 678. Subject matter wherein the circuit selects a 690 With variable resistance selector: musical voice, tone color, timbre or electrically This subclass is indented under subclass 687. simulated organ pipe sounds. Subject matter wherein the selecting circuit includes a variable resistor or resistors. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- CLASS: SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 620, for stops with digital storage. 338, Electrical Resistors, subclasses 69+ for musical instrument playing key 687 Force or velocity responsive: actuated variable resistance. This subclass is indented under subclass 678. Subject matter wherein the selecting circuit is 691 Noise reduction (e.g., error prevention, etc.): responsive to the applied pressure, force or This subclass is indented under subclass 671. velocity. Subject matter wherein circuitry is provided to reduce electrical noises, transients or unwanted SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- disturbances. CLASS: 626, for force or velocity responsive with SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- digital storage. CLASS: 658, for force or velocity responsive with 621, for noise reduction (e.g., error preven- digital combinational circuit. tion, etc.) with digital storage. 683, for noise reduction (e.g., error preven- SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: tion, etc.) with electric analog oscilla- 73, Measuring and Testing, subclasses tors. 488-551 for speed or acceleration testing. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 200, Electricity: Circuit Makers and Break- 341, Coded Data Generation and Conver- ers, Dig. 32 for speed responsive sion, subclass 94 for error detection or switching. correction. 324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, subclass 160 for speed or velocity 692 Tone synthesis or timbre control: measuring. This subclass is indented under subclass 671. 338, Electrical Resistors, subclass 69 for Subject matter wherein the harmonic content of variable resistance key activation a note is controlled or modified. devices. 356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, sub- SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- class 28 for velocity measuring utiliz- CLASS: ing a light detector. 622, for tone synthesis or timbre control 362, Illumination, subclass 802 for a posi- with digital storage. tion or condition responsive switch.

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659, for tone synthesis or timbre control 375, Pulse or Digital Communications, with digital combinational circuit. subclass 268 for amplitude modulation. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 307, Electrical Transmission or Intercon- 696 Angle (i.e., frequency or phase): nection Systems, subclasses 106-108 This subclass is indented under subclass 694. for waveform or waveshape determi- Subject matter wherein the carrier wave is native systems. angle (i.e., frequency or phase) modulated. 327, Miscellaneous Active Electrical Non- linear Devices, Circuits, and Systems, SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: subclasses 100-333 for miscellaneous 332, Modulators, appropriate subclass for signal converting, shaping, or generat- phase or frequency modulation. ing. 375, Pulse or Digital Communications, 333, Wave Transmission Lines and Net- subclass 271 for angle modulation in works, subclass 28 for audio tone systems using alternating or pulsating control. current. 381, Electrical Audio Signal Processing Systems and Devices, subclass 101 697 Mixing: for automatic tone control; subclass This subclass is indented under subclass 692. 118 for signal processing of musical Subject matter wherein two or more tones are instruments; subclasses 101 through combined to form a composite waveform. 103 for automatic tone or equalization of an audio signal. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- CLASS: 693 Time varying or dynamic Fourier compo- 625, for mixing with digital storage. nents: 660, for mixing with digital combinational This subclass is indented under subclass 692. circuit. Subject matter wherein the Fourier components are variable with respect to time. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 327, Miscellaneous Active Electrical Non- SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- linear Devices, Circuits, and Systems, CLASS: subclasses 113-123 for a miscella- 623, for time varying or dynamic Fourier neous frequency mixing circuit. components with digital storage. 381, Electrical Audio Signal Processing Systems and Devices, subclass 119 694 Modulation: for audio system mixers, per se. This subclass is indented under subclass 692. Subject matter wherein tones are synthesized 698 Partials (i.e., harmonics): or modified by varying a carrier wave in accor- This subclass is indented under subclass 697. dance with a modulation wave. Subject matter wherein two or more partials or harmonics are combined to form a composite SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- waveform. CLASS: 624, for modulation with digital storage. 699 Filtering: This subclass is indented under subclass 692. 695 Amplitude: Subject matter wherein a desired waveform is This subclass is indented under subclass 694. obtained by removing one or more partials or Subject matter wherein the carrier wave is harmonics. amplitude modulated. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: CLASS: 332, Modulators, subclasses 149-182 for 661, for filtering with digital combina- amplitude modulation. tional circuit.

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SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 703 Attack and decay: 307, Electrical Transmission or Intercon- This subclass is indented under subclass 702. necting Systems, subclass 105 for Subject matter for producing or modifying only harmonic filter or neutralizer. the attack and decay of an activated tone. 333, Wave Transmission Lines and Net- works, subclass 167 for frequency SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- domain filters using lumped parame- CLASS: ters; subclass 186 for electromechani- 627, for envelope shaping with digital stor- cal type filters. age. 663, for envelope shaping with digital 700 Variable: combinational circuit. This subclass is indented under subclass 699. Subject matter wherein the partials or harmon- 704 Portamento or glissando: ics to be removed can be varied in accordance This subclass is indented under subclass 701. with a desired timbre or color. Subject matter for producing an audible glide from one tone to a second tone. 701 Expression or special effects: This subclass is indented under subclass 671. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- Subject matter for providing an indication of CLASS: feeling or artistic execution to the musical 628, for portamento or glissando with digi- tones. tal storage.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- 705 Tremolo: CLASS: This subclass is indented under subclass 701. 626, for expression or special effects with Subject matter providing for rapid iteration of digital storage. or a modulation in the amplitude of a note at 662, for expression or special effects with subaudio frequencies. digital combinational circuit. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- 702 Envelope shaping (e.g., attack, decay, sus- CLASS: tain or release, etc.): 629, for tremolo with digital storage. This subclass is indented under subclass 701. Subject matter for providing or modifying an SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: amplitude contour of an activated tone. 381, Electrical Audio Signal Processing Systems and Devices, subclass 62 for SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- tremolo or vibrato. CLASS: 627, for envelope shaping, e.g., attack, 706 Vibrato: decay, sustain or release, etc., with This subclass is indented under subclass 701. digital storage. Subject matter providing a modulation in the 663, for envelope shaping, e.g., attack, frequency or phase of a note at subaudio fre- decay, sustain or release, etc., with quencies. digital combinational circuit. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: CLASS: 327, Miscellaneous Active Electrical Non- 629, for vibrato with digital storage. linear Devices, Circuits, and Systems, subclasses 306-333 for signal shap- SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: ing by controlling the amplitude 381, Electrical Audio Signal Processing thereof. Systems and Devices, subclass 62 for 331, Oscillators, subclass 182 for ampli- tremolo or vibrato. tude control of an oscillator.

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707 Reverberation: 711 Loudness control: This subclass is indented under subclass 701. This subclass is indented under subclass 701. Subject matter providing for time delays that Subject matter wherein amplitude or volume of simulate a plurality of reflections of a given the musical tones may be regulated. tone, e.g., echo, etc. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- CLASS: CLASS: 633, for loudness control with digital stor- 630, for reverberation with digital storage. age. 665, for loudness control with digital com- SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: binational circuit. 381, Electrical Audio Signal Processing Systems and Devices, subclass 63 for 712 Accompaniment: reverberators, per se. This subclass is indented under subclass 671. Subject matter for providing a musical support 708 Chorus, ensemble, or celeste: or background. This subclass is indented under subclass 701. Subject matter providing for the combining of SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- a slightly detuned tone with the original tone. CLASS: 610, for accompaniment with note SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- sequence of digital memory circuit. CLASS: 634, for accompaniment with digital mem- 631, for chorus, ensemble, or celeste with ory circuit. digital storage. 650, for accompaniment with note 664, for chorus, ensemble, or celeste with sequence of digital combinational cir- digital combinational circuit. cuit. 666, for accompaniment with digital com- SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: binational circuit. 381, Electrical Audio Signal Processing Systems and Devices, subclass 89 for 713 Rhythm: driven speaker systems to produce This subclass is indented under subclass 712. vibrato or chorus effects. Subject matter for creating or modifying the timing intervals of a music piece. 709 Trill: This subclass is indented under subclass 701. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- Subject matter wherein the rapid alternation of CLASS: two tones either a whole or a half tone apart. 611, for rhythm with note sequence of digital memory circuit. 710 Chiff or percussive transients: 635, for rhythm with digital memory cir- This subclass is indented under subclass 701. cuit. Subject matter wherein transients are intro- 651, for rhythm with note sequence of digi- duced into the initial sounding of the tone dur- tal combinational circuit. ing the initial portion of the envelope to 667, for rhythm with digital combinational simulate the hiss or noise of an organ pipe. circuit.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- 714 Tempo control: CLASS: This subclass is indented under subclass 713. 632, for chiff or percussive transients with Subject matter wherein the rate or speed of digital storage. rhythm is variable.

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644, for construction details with digital SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- storage. CLASS: 670, for construction details with digital 612, for tempo control with note sequence combinational circuit. of digital memory circuit. 636, for tempo control with digital memory 719 Keyboard: circuit. This subclass is indented under subclass 718. 652, for tempo control with note sequence Subject matter wherein the mechanical feature of digital combinational circuit. is a keyboard or a fret-board. 668, for tempo control with digital combinational circuit. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- CLASS: 715 Chords: 691, for noise reduction with electric ana- This subclass is indented under subclass 712. log oscillators. Subject matter wherein a plurality of notes are played simultaneously. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 341, Coded Data Generation and Conver- SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- sion, subclasses 22-34 for code select- CLASS: ing devices, e.g., keyboards or key- 613, for chords with note sequence of digi- pads, etc. tal memory circuit. 637, for chords with digital memory cir- 720 Keyswitch structure: cuit. This subclass is indented under subclass 718. 669, for chords with digital combinational Subject matter wherein the mechanical feature circuit. is a keyswitch.

716 Arpeggio: SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: This subclass is indented under subclass 712. 200, Electricity: Circuit Makers or Break- Subject matter wherein the notes of a chord are ers, appropriate subclasses for spe- played in sequence. cific switch construction details.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- 721 Foot control: CLASS: This subclass is indented under subclass 718. 638, for arpeggio with digital storage. Subject matter wherein the mechanical feature is a foot controlled device. 717 Reiteration: This subclass is indented under subclass 712. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: Subject matter wherein plural tones are repeti- 200, Electricity: Circuit Makers or Break- tively played in sequence one at a time. ers, subclass 86.5 for foot controlled switches, per se. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- CLASS: 722 Fret control: 614, for reiteration with digital storage. This subclass is indented under subclass 671. Subject matter wherein oscillators are con- 718 Constructional details: trolled via a stringed musical instrument fin- This subclass is indented under subclass 671. gerboard, e.g., switches on the guitar Subject matter including mechanical features fingerboard, etc. of the musical instrument. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- CLASS: CLASS: 646, for fret control with digital storage. 2, for dealing with specifics of musical instrument construction.

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classes 232-233 for photocells with 723 Transducers: light chopper type. This subclass is indented under subclass 600. 330, Amplifiers, subclass 59 for amplifi- Subject matter including means which converts ers including light controlled or light energy other than electrical into electrical activated means. energy. 369, Dynamic Information Storage or Retrieval, subclasses 86-92 for stor- SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: age or retrieval of audio signals. 29, Metal Working, subclass 594 for methods of making an acoustic trans- 725 Electromagnetic: ducer. This subclass is indented under subclass 723. 178, Telegraphy, subclasses 47 and 48 for Subject matter including means which converts electrical signaling systems in which varying magnetic flux into varying electric cur- vibrating means such as reeds, tuning rents or potentials. forks, and diaphragms are utilized in transmitting or receiving messages or SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- signals. CLASS: 310, Electrical Generator or Motor Struc- 641, for magnetic with digital storage. ture, appropriate subclasses for general application of converting SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: mechanical motion to electrical cur- 29, Metal Working, subclasses 602.1- rents or potentials. 609.1 for methods of manufacturing 322, Electricity: Single Generator Systems, an electromagnet, transformer, or appropriate subclasses for general inductor. application of converting mechanical 336, Inductor Devices, appropriate sub- motion to electrical currents or poten- classes for inductive reactors and tial, particularly subclass 3 for recip- transformers which are provided with rocating or oscillating generator sys- fixed or movable elements, e.g., hav- tems. ing a moving armature to modify the 704, Data Processing: Speech Signal Pro- impedance of an inductive reactor, cessing, Linguistics, Language Trans- etc. lation, and Audio Compression/ 381, Electrical Audio Signal Processing Decompression, subclasses 200 Systems and Devices, subclass 115 through 504 for speech signal pro- for magnetic microphone. cessing, or bandwidth, or time compression, or expansion of an audio 726 String: signal. This subclass is indented under subclass 725. Subject matter wherein the varying magnetic 724 Photoelectric: flux is caused by a moving string. This subclass is indented under subclass 723. Subject matter including means which converts SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- varying light intensity into varying electric cur- CLASS: rents or potential. 7 through 82, 172, 173-329, for miscellaneous stringed instruments. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- CLASS: 727 With adjustable means: 639, for photoelectric with digital storage. This subclass is indented under subclass 726. Subject matter wherein the transducer or a SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: component thereof is adjustable relative to a 250, Radiant Energy, subclasses 200-239 string. for photocell electric circuits and photocell apparatus; subclasses 206-214.1 for photocell with coded record; sub-

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381, Electrical Audio Signal Processing 728 Noise reduction (e.g., error prevention, etc.): Systems and Devices, subclass 114 This subclass is indented under subclass 726. for piezoelectric microphone. Subject matter wherein circuitry is provided to reduce electrical noises, transients, or 731 String: unwanted disturbances. This subclass is indented under subclass 730. Subject matter wherein the varying mechanical SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- stress is caused by a string. CLASS: 621, for noise reduction with digital stor- SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- age. CLASS: 683, for noise reduction with selecting cir- 7 through 82, 172 and 173-329, for mis- cuit of analog oscillators. cellaneous stringed instruments. 691, noise reduction with analog oscilla- 726, for string with electromagnetic trans- tors. ducer.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 732 Reed: 375, Pulse or Digital Communications, This subclass is indented under subclass 730. subclasses 284 and 285 for antinoise Subject matter wherein the varying mechanical or distortion systems using alternating stress is caused by an elongated flexural strip or pulsating current. or bar with a relatively large length to width 381, Electrical Audio Signal Processing ratio. Systems and Devices, appropriate subclass acoustical noise or sound SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- cancellation; subclasses 94.1-94.9 for CLASS: noise or distortion suppression. 402 through 410, and 411-421, for miscellaneous musical instruments employ- 729 Reed: ing rigid vibrators. This subclass is indented under subclass 725. 729, for reed with electromagnetic trans- Subject matter wherein the varying magnetic ducer. flux is caused by a moving elongated flexural strip or bar with a relatively large length to 733 Capacitive: width ratio. This subclass is indented under subclass 723. Subject matter wherein a varying capacitance SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- produces a varying electric current or potential. CLASS: 402 through 410, and 411-421, for miscel- SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: laneous musical instruments employ- 200, Electricity: Circuit Makers and Break- ing rigid vibrators. ers, subclass 181 for electrostatic switches. 730 Piezoelectric: 361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and This subclass is indented under subclass 723. Devices, subclasses 271-330 for elec- Subject matter wherein a varying mechanically trostatic capacitors. stressed crystal causes a varying current or 381, Electrical Audio Signal Processing voltage. Systems and Devices, subclass 113 for electrostatic microphone. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 29, Metal Working, subclass 25.35 for 734 Strain gauge: methods of making a piezoelectric This subclass is indented under subclass 723. device. Subject matter wherein a varying force, tension 310, Electrical Generator or Motor Struc- or pressure is converted into a varying electri- ture, subclasses 311-371 for piezo- cal current or potential. electric elements and devices.

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through 103 for automatic tone con- SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: trol or equalization of audio signals. 29, Metal Working, subclass 621.1 for methods of making strain gauges. 736 Filtering: 338, Electrical Resistors, subclasses 2-6 This subclass is indented under subclass 735. for strain gauges; subclass 69 for vari- Subject matter wherein a desired waveform is able resistors controlled by musical obtained by removing one or more partials or instrument playing keys. harmonics.

735 Tone synthesis or timbre control: SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- This subclass is indented under subclass 723. CLASS: Subject matter wherein the harmonic content of 661, for filtering with digital combina- a note is controlled or modified. tional circuit. 699 through 700, for filtering with electric SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- analog oscillators. CLASS: 622, for tone synthesis or timbre control SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: with digital storage. 327, Miscellaneous Active Electrical on 659, for tone synthesis or timbre control linear Devices, Circuits, and Systems, with digital combinational circuit. subclass 311 for transient limiting uti- 692, for tone synthesis or timbre control lizing a filter and subclasses 552-559 with electric analog oscillators. for unwanted signal suppression with an active filter. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 330, Amplifiers, subclass 303 for filters 307, Electrical Transmission or Intercon- included or in conjunction with an nection Systems, subclass 3 for cir- amplifier. cuits in which different frequencies 333, Wave Transmission Lines and Net- are superimposed; subclasses 106-108 works, subclasses 167-185 for for waveform or waveshape determi- lumped parameter filters; subclass native systems. 165 for frequency or time domain fil- 310, Electrical Generator or Motor Struc- ters and delay lines; subclass 166 for ture, appropriate subclasses for time domain filters. dynamoelectric frequency changers. 708, Electrical Computers: Arithmetic Pro- 327, Miscellaneous Active Electrical Non- cessing and Calculating, subclasses linear Devices, Circuits, and Systems, 300-323 for digital filters. subclasses 100-333 for miscellaneous signal converting, shaping, or generat- 737 Expression or special effects: ing, and particularly subclasses 113- This subclass is indented under subclass 723. 123 for miscellaneous harmonic gen- Subject matter for providing “feeling” or artis- erators. tic execution to the musical tones. 331, Oscillators, appropriate subclasses for general harmonic generators. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- 333, Wave Transmission Lines and Net- CLASS: works, subclass 28 for audio tone 33 through 64, for expression mecha- controls. nism. 363, Electric Power Conversion Systems, 157, for modified expression. subclasses 157-177 for electric power 164, for expression and tempo marks. frequency conversion systems. 216 through 233, for expression devices. 381, Electrical Audio Signal Processing 313, for tremolo devices. Systems and Devices, subclass 101 374, for fan tremolo devices. for automatic tone control; subclass 626, for expression or special effects with 118 for signal processing of musical digital storage. instruments, per se; subclasses 101 662, for expression or special effects with digital combinational circuit.

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701, for expression or special effects with electric analog oscillators. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 331, Oscillators, subclass 178 for provid- 738 Envelope shaping (e.g., attack, decay, sus- ing vibrato in the oscillator output fre- tain or release, etc.): quency. This subclass is indented under subclass 737. 332, Modulators, subclasses 117-143 for Subject matter for providing or modifying the frequency modulation. contour of an activated tone. 375, Pulse or Digital Communications, subclasses 271-284 for angle modula- SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- tion. CLASS: 381, Electrical Audio Signal Processing 627, for envelope shaping with digital stor- Systems and Devices, subclass 62 for age. general purpose vibrato. 663, for envelope shaping with digital combinational circuit. 741 Loudness control: 702, for envelope shaping with electric This subclass is indented under subclass 737. analog oscillators. Subject matter wherein amplitude or volume of the musical tone may be regulated. 739 Tremolo: This subclass is indented under subclass 737. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- Subject matter providing for rapid iteration of CLASS: or a modulation in the amplitude of a note at 633, for loudness control with digital stor- sub-audio frequencies. age. 665, for loudness control with digital com- SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- binational circuit. CLASS: 711, for loudness control with electric ana- 629, for tremolo with digital storage. log oscillators. 705, for tremolo with electric analog oscillators. 742 Selecting circuits: This subclass is indented under subclass 723. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: Subject matter including a circuit which selects 332, Modulators, subclasses 149 through a musical parameter, e.g., pitch or timbre, etc. 182 for amplitude modulation. 375, Pulse or Digital Communications, SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- subclasses 268-270 for amplitude CLASS: modulation. 615, for selecting circuits with digital stor- 381, Electrical Audio Signal Processing age. Systems and Devices, subclass 62 for 653, for selecting circuits with digital com- general purpose tremolo. binational circuit. 678, for selecting circuits with electric ana- 740 Vibrato: log oscillators. This subclass is indented under subclass 737. Subject matter providing a modulation in the 743 Constructional details: frequency or phase of a note at sub-audio fre- This subclass is indented under subclass 723. quencies. Subject matter including mechanical features of the musical instrument. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- CLASS: SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- 629, for vibrato with digital storage. CLASS: 706, for vibrato with electric analog oscil- 2, for dealing with musical instrument lators. construction. 644, for construction details with digital storage.

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670, for construction details with digital combinational circuit. 718, for construction details with electric analog oscillators.

744 Keyboard: This subclass is indented under subclass 743. Subject matter wherein mechanical feature is a keyboard or a fretboard.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- CLASS: 423, for keyboard structure. 719, for keyboard with electric analog oscillators.

745 Keyswitch structure: This subclass is indented under subclass 743. Subject matter wherein the mechanical feature is a keyswitch.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- CLASS: 720, for keyswitch structure with electric analog oscillators.

746 Foot control: This subclass is indented under subclass 743. Subject matter wherein the mechanical feature is a foot controlled device.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- CLASS: 721, for foot control with electric analog oscillators.

END

February 2011