HERITAGE IMPACT STATEMENT 282–304 Lawrence Hargrave Drive, Thirroul

Thirroul Plaza

August 2020

Cover Image: View along Lawrence Hargrave Drive, showing the subject site on the left, and the former King’s Theatre behind the light pole (Source: NBRS Architecture)

NBRS & PARTNERS Pty Ltd Level 3, 4 Glen Street Milsons Point NSW 2061 Australia

Telephone +61 2 9922 2344 - Facsimile +61 2 9922 1308

ABN: 16 002 247 565

Nominated Architects Andrew Duffin: NSW Reg No. 5602

This report has been prepared under the guidance of the Expert Witness Code of Conduct in the Uniform Civil Procedure Rules and the provisions relating to expert evidence

This document remains the property of NBRS & PARTNERS Pty Ltd. The document may only be used for the purposes for which it was produced. Unauthorised use of the document in any form whatsoever is prohibited.

ISSUED REVIEW ISSUED BY 24 January 2020 Client Review Brad Vale 21 August 2020 Responding to Wollongong city Council Brad Vale 25 August 2020 Final Brad Vale 28 August 2020 Final Brad Vale

CONTENTS

1.0 INTRODUCTION ...... 1 1.1 Background ...... 1 1.2 Methodology ...... 1 1.3 Site Location ...... 1 1.4 Heritage Management Framework ...... 3 1.5 Authorship ...... 3 1.6 Limitations ...... 3 1.7 Copyright ...... 3

2.0 DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE ...... 4 2.1 Early Development of Thirroul ...... 4 2.2 Subdivision History of the Subject site ...... 5 2.3 History of the Former Kings Theatre (264-270 Lawrence Hargrave Drive, Thirroul) . 10

3.0 PHYSICAL EVIDENCE ...... 13 3.1 Site Context ...... 13 3.2 Description of the Exterior ...... 15 3.3 Views ...... 16

4.0 ESTABLISHED HERITAGE SIGNIFICANCE ...... 17 4.1 Heritage Status ...... 17 4.2 Significance of the Subject Site ...... 18 4.3 Significance of Items in the Vicinity ...... 18

5.0 THE PROPOSAL ...... 21 5.1 Documentation Evaluated ...... 21

6.0 ASSESSMENT OF HERITAGE IMPACT ...... 22 6.1 Introduction ...... 22 6.2 Evaluation of the Guidelines of the NSW Heritage Division ...... 22 6.3 Heritage Objectives of The Wollongong LEP 2009 ...... 25 6.4 Heritage Guidelines of The Wollongong DCP 2009 ...... 26

7.0 RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 30

8.0 CONCLUSION ...... 31

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1: Street map with the subject site...... 2

Figure 2: Aerial photograph with the subject site ...... 2

Figure 3: Map of the Parish of Southend, County of Cumberland, dated 1956 ...... 4

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Figure 4: 1891 - Thirroul / Robbinsville Railway Station...... 5

Figure 5: Detail from Map of the Parish of Southend, County of Cumberland, dated 1956, ...... 6

Figure 6: Deposited Plan 11130, registered in 1922, showing the southern portion of the subject site...... 7

Figure 7: 1973 – Hardie Rubber factory fire, Lawrence Hargrave Drive, Thirroul...... 7

Figure 8: 1973 – Hardie Rubber factory fire, as seen from the west, across the railway line...... 8

Figure 9: 1982 – The consolidated site as shown in the Certificate of Title i ...... 8

Figure 10: The buildings at 302–302 Lawrence Hargrave Drive, c2004 ...... 9

Figure 11: the retained facades at 302–302 Lawrence Hargrave Drive, c2004...... 9

Figure 12: 1937 – Kings Theatre at Thirroul...... 12

Figure 13: the Kings Theatre at Thirroul, c1960s...... 12

Figure 14: W F Jackson Park seen here looking north-west...... 13

Figure 15: the commercial property at 272–280 Lawrence Hargrave Drive ...... 14

Figure 16: north view along Lawrence Hargrave Drive showing buildings north of the subject site, ...... 14

Figure 17: this Federation Arts and Crafts building opposite the subject site has lost its central gable ...... 14

Figure 18: westerly view towards the subject site, with the Illawarra escarpment beyond...... 15

Figure 19: westerly view towards the subject site ...... 15

Figure 20: southerly view from the carpark of the subject site to the loading dock ...... 16

Figure 21 view from outside the Thirroul railway barracks looking towards the subject site ...... 16

Figure 22: Excerpt from Heritage Map 023 in the Wollongong LEP 2009. 17

Figure 23: the front elevation of the theatre facing Lawrence Hargrave Drive...... 18

Figure 24: westerly view showing the theatre in its local context...... 19

Figure 25: the Thirroul Old Railway Barracks is a Federation building ...... 20

Figure 26: Proposed Lawrence Hargrave Drive section...... 21

Figure 27: montage by Loucas Architects showing the development...... 24

Figure 28: view from outside St Michael’s Church, looking over the development site ...... 27

Figure 29: revised montage showing the escarpment readily seen from Raymond Road...... 27

Figure 30: montage by Loucas Architects ...... 28

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HERITAGE IMPACT STATEMENT FOR THIRROUL PLAZA, 282–304 LAWRENCE HARGRAVE DRIVE

1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND This Heritage Impact Statement has been revised following receipt of Council’s comments dated 17 June 2020. This statement has been prepared in accordance with the standard guidelines of the NSW Heritage Division to accompany an application for proposed works at 282–298 Lawrence Hargrave Drive, Thirroul. The site comprises retail commercial buildings of a single storey fronting 282–298 Lawrence Hargrave Drive and King Street.

The proposal involves demolition of the site improvements, excavation and a redevelopment of the site for commercial and residential uses.

Details of the development proposal have been prepared by Architecture and Building Works.

The subject property is not listed as an item of local heritage significance, however it is located in the vicinity of a heritage listed item formerly known as the King’s Theatre and now known as Anita’s Theatre, as identified in Schedule 5 of the Wollongong Local Environmental Plan (LEP) 2009.

1.2 METHODOLOGY This Heritage Impact Statement has been prepared in accordance with the guidelines set out in the Australia ICOMOS Charter for Places of Cultural Significance, 2013, known as The Burra Charter, and the New South Wales Heritage Office (now the Heritage Division of the NSW Office of Environment and Heritage) publication, NSW Heritage Manual.

The Burra Charter provides definitions for terms used in heritage conservation and proposes conservation processes and principles for the conservation of an item. The terminology used, particularly the words place, cultural significance, fabric, and conservation, is as defined in Article 1 of The Burra Charter. The NSW Heritage Manual explains and promotes the standardisation of heritage investigation, assessment and management practices in NSW.

1.3 SITE LOCATION The site is an irregular shape, bound on the south-eastern side by Lawrence Hargrave Drive, on the north-eastern side by King Street, by the Illawarra Railway line on the north-western side, and WF Jackson Park to the south. The site borders the commercial property at 272– 280 Lawrence Hargrave Drive, on the corner with King Street. It is identified as Lot 103 in DP706867, Lot 2 in DP534253 and Lot 1 in DP240526 by the NSW Land Registry Services (LRS) (see Figure 1 and Error! Reference source not found.Figure 2 below).

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Figure 1: Street map with the subject site outlined in red. (Source: NSW LRS, SIX Maps, maps.six.nsw.gov.au)

Figure 2: Aerial photograph with the subject site outlined in red. (Source: NSW LRS, SIX Maps, maps.six.nsw.gov.au)

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1.4 HERITAGE MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK The subject property has no heritage listing, but it is across the road from Anita’s Theatre (formerly the King’s Theatre), which is an item of local heritage significance on Schedule 5 of the Wollongong Local Environmental Plan (LEP) 2009. The Old Railway Barracks on the corner of Lawrence Hargrave Drive and Church Street is also a local heritage item on the other side of the railway line.

1.5 AUTHORSHIP This report was prepared by Brad Vale, Senior Heritage Consultant, using research and a history written by Dr Martina Muller, Historian, all of NBRSARCHITECTURE.

1.6 LIMITATIONS This report is limited to the assessment of potential impacts on the European cultural heritage values of the site and does not include Aboriginal and Archaeological assessment. This report only addresses the relevant planning provisions that relate to heritage.

1.7 COPYRIGHT Copyright of this report remains with the author, NBRSARCHITECTURE. Unless otherwise noted, all images are by the author.

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2.0 DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE 2.1 EARLY DEVELOPMENT OF THIRROUL Although land grants were made as early as in 1855, European settlement in the area of Thirroul only began in earnest in the 1870s, when it was known as North Bulli.1 The first land grantee in the area was Samuel McCauley who migrated from Ireland to the Illawarra (then known as ‘Five Islands’) in 1838 and established a farm on his land in North Bulli. His property extended “from the beach to the railway line, adjoining Bulli Pass and north to Fords Road”.2 It was advertised for sale as the first subdivision in Thirroul in 1906, as the ‘MacCawley Park Estate.’ Other early land grants included those made to Jane Rose, Thomas Rose, James Holt, Joseph Roberts and David Ballantyne.

Figure 3: Map of the Parish of Southend, County of Cumberland, dated 1956 and showing the early land grants in the area of Thirroul. (Source: NSW LRS, Historical Land Records Viewer HLRV)

From 1880, the village was renamed Robbinsville, after land owner and first postmaster Frederick Robbins, and it was only in 1891 that the name ‘Thirroul’ was used, in recognition of the ‘Thurrural’ Aboriginal people who are the traditional custodians of the land. The Aboriginal name, which has various spellings, is said to mean “the place or valley of the cabbage tree palms”.

The escarpment from Bulli and to the north was initially used for Cedar logging, however, the first real industry was tourism which flourished after the construction of the railway between 1882 and 1888. The Thirroul Railway Crew Barracks was constructed in 1913 for railway crew accommodation associated with the former Thirroul locomotive roundhouse. The barracks is a single-storey brick building with a gable roof and verandahs on the east and west sides in a simple Federation Arts and Crafts style. The building is now used as an artists’ co-operative.

1 If not otherwise noted, this and the following is based on ‘Thirroul’, accessed 7 November 2019, http://council.wollongong.nsw.gov.au/library/onlineresources/suburbprofiles/Pages/Thirroul.aspx#gref. 2 ‘Thirroul’.

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Thirroul became a popular seaside destination for Sydneysiders who stayed in one of the many boarding houses and holiday cottages.

After the discovery of coal in a creek bed off Ford’s Road in 1895, tourism shifted to neighbouring Austinmer, while Thirroul became a coal village. The Excelsior No 1 coal mine opened in 1900 while five years later, Excelsior No 2 opened at the upper end of Phillip Street. The mines remained in use until the early 1960s.

In around 1920, the Thirroul Brickworks started manufacturing bricks, originally as part of the ‘Vulcan Silica Fire Brick Company’, and the brickworks remained at the site until they were demolished in the late 1990s, when they were part of BHP.3

Figure 4: 1891 - Thirroul / Robbinsville Railway Station. (Source: State Records and Archives, Digital ID 17420_a014_a014000832)

2.2 SUBDIVISION HISTORY OF THE SUBJECT SITE The subject site is located on two early land grants, namely on part of James Holt’s land grant of 132 acres (Portion 9 of the Parish of Southend) made on 22 December 1836, and on part of Jane Rose’s grant of 60 acres (Portion 4) made on 10 May 1839 (Figure 5).4 James Holt’s land was offered for sale as the Thirroul Park Estate from October 1906.5 Jane Rose’s land property was advertised for sale as the Ocean View Estate from November 1908.6

Part of the land was registered with the Land Titles Office in 1922, as Deposited Plan 11130 (Figure 6). This was the portion containing those allotments oriented east-west. The allotments to the south and including Lot 4 were part of the Ocean View Estate, while the

3 University of Wollongong, ‘Thirroul Brickworks - Unlocking Regional Memory Corporate Entry’, Document, accessed 7 November 2019, http://www.nswera.net.au/biogs/UNW0178b.htm. 4 NSW Land Registry Services, Certificate of Title, Vol. 3910 Fol. 120 and Vol. 3374 Fol. 36 5 ‘THIRROUL PARK SALE.’, Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), 2 October 1906, 3. 6 ‘THE PROPERTY MARKET.’, Daily Telegraph (Sydney, NSW : 1883 - 1930), 7 November 1908, 17.

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allotments to the north of and including Lot 5 were part of the Thirroul Park Estate. Lawrence Hargrave Drive was at that time known as Main South Coast Road.

The allotments appear to have been sold to various individuals at that time and remained in individual ownership until the 1970s when the land was consolidated and became part of larger property that was from 1982 owned by Winchcombe Carson Trustee Co Ltd (Figure 9).7

Figure 5: Detail from Map of the Parish of Southend, County of Cumberland, dated 1956, showing the approximate location of the subject site (circled red) on the border of James Holt’s Park Estate and Jane Rose’s Ocean View Estate. (Source: NSW LRS, Historical Land Records Viewer HLRV)

7 NSW Land Registry Services, Certificate of Title, Vol. 14949 Fol. 55; Vol. 3374 Fol. 36 and Vol. 3910 Fol. 120.

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Figure 6: Deposited Plan 11130, registered in 1922, showing the southern portion of the subject site. (Source: NSW LRS, DP 11130)

Prior to that, Lots 3 and 4 had been owned by Wollongong Theatres from 1926 until 1949, and from 1949 to 1973 by Hardie Rubber Company.8 The latter sold the site after their factory caught fire on 1 July 1973 (Figure 7 and Figure 8).9

Figure 7: 1973 – Hardie Rubber factory fire, Lawrence Hargrave Drive, Thirroul. (Source: Wollongong City Library, Image number P20898)

8 NSW Land Registry Services, Certificate of Title, Vol. 3910 Fol. 120 9 Ibid.

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Figure 8: 1973 – Hardie Rubber factory fire, as seen from the west, across the railway line. (Source: Wollongong City Library, Image number P20899)

Figure 9: 1982 – The consolidated site as shown in the Certificate of Title issued to Winchcombe Carson Trustee Company Limited. (Source: NSW LRS, Vol. 14949 Fol. 55)

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Figure 10: The buildings at 302–302 Lawrence Hargrave Drive, c2004. The building on the left is in a Federation Free Style, and the building on the right is in an Inter-War Free Classical Style. (Source: Thirroul Village Committee)

Figure 11: the retained facades at 302–302 Lawrence Hargrave Drive, c2004, when supported by scaffolding over the footpath. (Source: Thirroul Village Committee)

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Wollongong City Council approved a development scheme for a three-storey Thirroul Plaza Shopping Centre in 2004 over the subject site. The development included the retention of the façade of the early twentieth-century buildings at 302–304 Lawrence Hargrave Drive. After a decade, construction had not begun, and the retained façade had deteriorated considerably due to exposure.10

Public concern arose about the safety of the retained façade and scaffolding, and the concrete barriers placed close to Lawrence Hargrave Drive. From late 2009, the Thirroul Village Committee responded to community concerns and petitioned Wollongong Council to review the development application. Several structural assessments were undertaken for Council and the Thirroul Village Committee.

Dick Hargrave, a certified inspector of scaffold, completed an assessment in December 2013. He identified cracks in the façade upper brickwork and a lean towards the street. The facts of his report were corroborated by Wollongong City Council’s independent structural engineer. The facades were demolished on 14 March 2014.

2.3 HISTORY OF THE FORMER KINGS THEATRE (264-270 LAWRENCE HARGRAVE DRIVE, THIRROUL) The following historical summary of the heritage listed former King’s Theatre, provided in italics below, has been copied verbatim from the NSW Online Heritage Database, Entry No. 2700503, for “Former Kings Theatre”:

"This was the second Theatre of that name in Thirroul, the first having opened in 1913 when the town was burgeoning as a business and social centre, with an expanding railway industry, the Excelsior coal mine and a popular surf beach. But it seems that it ended its short life during the first World War." (R Irving, 2001, p 56)

In November 1912 Mr T Horan, postmaster, invested in two blocks of land of the old Hewitt estate on the western side of the Main South Coast Road, between George and Lachlan Streets. On the second block, measuring 50 feet at the street front by 150 feet deep, and located two blocks north of Lachlan Street, he erected an open-air theatre which, if the weather permitted, was to open on Saturday, 15 March 1913. There is no confirmation that weather did so permit but the official opening by prominent citizen and mine-owner, Mr J S Kirton, proceeded as planned on the following Monday, 17 March. Mr Simon was manager.

Unpredictability of the coastal weather led Mr Horan to erect partial roofing on his King's Theatre which the Chief Secretary then declared a Public Hall in terms of legislation. his roofing was a type of canvas and sagged with rain water as recalled by a former resident. According to the same informant chairs were of the canvas deck-type, the projector was operated manually and noisily, but constantly broke down or there were blackouts, leading to much cat-calling and general uproar from the more youthful members of the audience. Another source recalls that there were ashes under foot and planks for seating in the cheaper uncovered front section; sudden storms would cause a scramble for shelter at the back, and, in the ensuing confusion, no one saw much of the film.

In October 1914, frustrated by interruptions from the elements Mr Horan planned to put up a temporary roof as Mr Warner had been unable to show for some time owing to the inclement weather. However, it seems no full roof was ever erected as, in April 1915, the premises were still described as open-air although now grandly called The Crystal Garden Pictures and managed by Messrs Cahill and Shafton. In December of the same year the show still operated but as Crystal

10 From https://www.thirroulvillage.com/recent-actions/the-facade

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Picture Gardens and despite the availability of the School of Arts since May 1913. It has been suggested that the King's became the summer picture show (which would explain the problem of sudden summer storms) and that winter shows were all held in the School of Arts.

Most of the first King's history is sketchy at best and, in the absence of a relevant Chief Secretary file, one can only speculate on its demise. It does not seem to have survived beyond the First World War and the internment of operator Mr Newman, a German national who had succeeded Mr Cahill, may have contributed to its closure. Owner Mr Horan had moved to Bulli and later to the North Coast, but did not sell the land until 1926 to William John Williams, a local builder and undertaker. Two brick shops now occupy the site." (Robertson, 1995, p. 51)

"Opened on Thursday, 22 October 1925, by President of the Bulli Shire Council, Cr McNaughton, the King's Theatre was an up-to-date one in all respects, and is a credit to the foreman of works, Mr Knobel, of Keiraville. In the matter of comfort and convenience, the management have studied every detail. There is seating accommodation for 1500. A double bill entertained the opening night guests - "The Desert Flower" and "The Dressmaker From Paris" - and patrons could look forward to a change of program each operating night, Friday, Saturday, Wednesday and Thursday.

The "new" King's was one of several theatres, designed by Karberry and Chard Architects.

"Built on land owned by Adam Frost of Wollongong on the north west corner of King Street and Lawrence Hargrave Drive (Main South Coast Road), the dimensions were a frontage of 100 feet (which included a shop - the auditorium was only 67 feet wide), a depth of 182 feet and height of 27 feet. Wollongong Theatres leased the premises from Adam Frost and it was not until 1955 that the company purchased the freehold. The King's was Wollongong Theatres' last new construction until the 1936 Savoy in Wollongong.

"The style was much the same as other contemporary company premises and was designed by Kaberry and Chard. A relatively small dress circle seated 248 with forty-eight in four boxes along each wall. The boxes did not lead to an exit as in the Wollongong Crown and Town Hall. With 1202 seated in the stalls the total capacity was 1498. This number increased to 1560 in the 1940s, but counts varied even as low as 1476.

Three steps from street level led to the vestibule which was secured by an open concertina type shutter until wooden doors were added in 1932. Potted palms and statuettes on pedestals graced the original vestibule. A flight of stairs on the left led to the dress circle which also had an exit in the northern wall. The projection box was located at the rear of the circle and its back wall jutted out beyond the building line. Stalls were accessed from a small open gallery overlooking the central ticket box and were reached by a divided staircase at each side of the box. Spaces on the lower front walls between the entrance and perimeters permitted the erection of large display boards that were somewhat overpowering, but could not fail to be missed by passing traffic." (Robertson, 1995, p. 55)

"The installation of sound in 1929 received even more press coverage than the opening had attracted in 1925 and henceforth "talkies" became the norm. Cinemascope projection began in 1955. However with the advent of television business began to decline and Kings closed in 1966. It became a rollar skating venue in 1968. The site accommodated not only the theatre but also, on the north site, a shop with an apartment above." (R Irving, p. 56).11

11 ‘Former Kings Theatre | NSW Environment, Energy and Science’, accessed 8 November 2019, https://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/heritageapp/ViewHeritageItemDetails.aspx?ID=2700503.

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Figure 12: 1937 – Kings Theatre at Thirroul. (Source: Wollongong City Library, Image number P14369)

Figure 13: the Kings Theatre at Thirroul, c1960s. (Source: Wollongong City Library, Image number P02811)

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3.0 PHYSICAL EVIDENCE 3.1 SITE CONTEXT The northern side of Lawrence Hargrave Drive, containing the subject site, is characterised by one and two storey commercial development dating from the Twentieth Century. The south-west end of the subject precinct contains a small park, the W F Jackson Park that is bounded by the railway line and Lawrence Hargrave Drive. The buildings on the subject site represent a rise of a storey in development, that makes an assertive presence on Lawrence Hargrave Street due to the elevation position of the shops, scale of the fascia and the wide presence of the shops. There is one mature cabbage tree palm among the landscaping facing Lawrence Hargrave Drive. The other landscaping is of relatively recent origin. Many of the palms planted here several decades ago were removed around 2014. The removed palms were exotic species, Syzygium romanzofianum and Washingtonias.

Looking further north-east, the contemporary building on the corner of Lawrence Hargrave Drive and King Street is of one and two storeys. Across King Street, Anita’s Theatre is the tallest building in the precinct with three levels, and massing gable roof and a squat tower on the corner. The development declines in height further north along Lawrence Hargrave Drive.

The south-eastern side of Lawrence Hargrave Drive is predominantly one and two-storey town-centre development originally from the first half of the Twentieth Century. The St Michael’s Catholic Church group contains several Federation buildings in matching Arts and Crafts materials. Further along Lawrence Hargrave Drive to the north are a variety of commercial buildings, each highly altered.

Figure 14: W F Jackson Park seen here looking north-west. The subject site is to the right.

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Figure 15: the commercial property at 272–280 Lawrence Hargrave Drive, seen here behind the palm trees is the northern neighbour on the corner with King Street.

Figure 16: north view along Lawrence Hargrave Drive showing buildings north of the subject site, including Anita’s Theatre on the right.

Figure 17: this Federation Arts and Crafts building opposite the subject site has lost its central gable and windows but retains some evidence of an interesting building.

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3.2 DESCRIPTION OF THE EXTERIOR The subject site comprises single-storey shops built in stages since the 1970s. The buildings have a steel frame and roof system with masonry unit walls and aluminium-framed fenestration. A steel metal sheet fascia conceals the roof from ground level and provides a signage backing. There is one common floor level for the shops that looks over Lawrence Hargrave Drive with a small piazza and steps with landscaping that lead down to the road level. The shops also open towards the carpark at the rear that slopes up slightly to the north towards the King Street vehicular entry.

Figure 18: westerly view towards the subject site, with the Illawarra escarpment beyond.

Figure 19: westerly view towards the subject site

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Figure 20: southerly view from the carpark of the subject site to the loading dock and rear pedestrian entry of the retail buildings. The railway lie is further to the right.

3.3 VIEWS The primary view of the subject site is from Lawrence Hargrave Drive. The retail buildings stand on raised fill, and so are more prominent for this elevation above the road. There are no identified significant views across the subject site. There are views over the existing buildings towards the Illawarra escarpment. Views from the Illawarra plain to the escarpment are common across the Illawarra, and the construction of a taller building on this site will cause a significant loss of public views in the Illawarra towards the escarpment.

Figure 21 view from outside the Thirroul railway barracks looking towards the subject site, which is centre-right in this photograph.

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4.0 ESTABLISHED HERITAGE SIGNIFICANCE 4.1 HERITAGE STATUS The subject property has no heritage listing, but it is in the vicinity of two items of local heritage significance on Schedule 5 of the Wollongong Local Environmental Plan (LEP) 2009: • Anita’s Theatre (formerly the King’s Theatre) at 264–270 Lawrence Hargrave Drive, heritage item 6155; and • The Old Railway Barracks at Corner Lawrence Hargrave Drive and Church Street, heritage item 6498.

Other heritage listed items in the vicinity of the subject site are visually and physically separated from the site by intervening topography, and do not warrant assessment as part of this report.

Figure 22: Excerpt from Heritage Map 023 in the Wollongong LEP 2009. The subject site is circled blue.

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4.2 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE SUBJECT SITE The subject site has no visible fabric with heritage significance. The documentary record indicates that the previous buildings on the site under the retail buildings were demolished thoroughly, so there is no evidence to indicate that the site may contain archaeological relics of state significance there. The federation buildings at 304 Lawrence Hargrave Drive were demolished in 2014, evidently to ground level. The footings that may remain at No. 304 are unlikely to be of heritage significance as relics due to their period of construction when an archaeological investigation into them would be unlikely to reveal new information about working life in Thirroul at the turn of the Twentieth Century. The past uses of the site could still be interpreted on the site to demonstrate its role in the local development.

4.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF ITEMS IN THE VICINITY The following Statement of Significance for the Former Kings Theatre at 264 - 270 Lawrence Hargrave Drive, Thirroul is sourced from the NSW Heritage Database, reference number 2700503:

The former Kings’ Theatre building has significance for the local area for historical, aesthetic, social and reasons of rarity and representativeness. The building is a purpose designed cinemas built during the 1920s and formed part of the Wollongong Theatres Pty Limited chain. It is the only cinema/theatre building to remain in Thirroul, where once were several venues where movies were shown. The building provides valuable evidence of the growth and development of Thirroul as a recreational resort during the early twentieth century. The building’s design is representative of the work of the architectural firm Kaberry and Chard, which designed numerous cinemas throughout New South Wales and other states during the 1920s, including the Majestic at Petersham, Montreal at Tumut and the former Athenaeum Theatre in Junee. The fabric is representative of theatres built in suburban Sydney and smaller country centres during the 1920s, as evidenced by its structural system. The building is a prominent local landmark that contributes to the visual identity of Thirroul and provides some special associations to older residents of Thirroul who would have attended screenings prior to its closure in 1966. The building is a rare surviving cinema building of the 1920s in Wollongong and its environs that has retained some original fabric.

Figure 23: the front elevation of the theatre facing Lawrence Hargrave Drive.

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Figure 24: westerly view showing the theatre in its local context. The pair of shops on the right are part of the theatre complex.

The following Statement of Significance for the Old Railway Barracks is sourced from the NSW Heritage Database, reference number 5062620:

Thirroul Railway Crew Barracks - including the barracks building and its garden - are of historical significance as evidence of railway crew accommodation associated with the former Thirroul locomotive depot in the early 20th century, providing information on the past operational systems of the NSW Railways. The barracks are of aesthetic significance as a simple 1913 brick barracks building to a standard design of the NSW Railways.

Old Railway Barracks were built in 1913 on the corner of Lawrence Hargrave Drive and Church Street, in a rail reserve. The building is heritage item number 6498.

The railway barracks are separated from the subject site by a large rail commuter car park and the multi-line southern railway line.

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Figure 25: the Thirroul Old Railway Barracks is a Federation building associated with the former railway yards. This building can be seen from near the subject site, across the railway line.

This building is not part of the Thirroul Railway Station Group that is listed on the State Heritage Register, and is located south-west of this site further along the railway line.

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5.0 THE PROPOSAL The proposed development, designed by Loucas Architects, includes the following:

• Demolition of all the structures on the site; • Excavation of the site to allow for the basement; • Construction of a multi-level retail and residential building. The mixed-use development consists of two levels of basement parking, one level of retail addressing Lawrence Hargrave Drive, loading and associated services; then up to three levels of multi-unit residential development, with to retail spaces on the first floor addressing King Street.

The aim of the proposal is to redevelop the site responding to the desired future character in the B2 Local centre zoning.

Figure 26: Proposed Lawrence Hargrave Drive section. (Source: Loucas Architects)

5.1 DOCUMENTATION EVALUATED The following drawings, prepared by Architecture and Building Works Pty Ltd, were reviewed as part of the preparation of this report:

DRAWING NO. DRAWING TILE ISSUE DATE A 100 Site Plan B Aug 2020 A 100 Basement 2 Floor Plan B Aug 2020 A 120 Basement 1 Floor Plan B Aug 2020 A 130 Ground Floor Plan B Aug 2020 A 140 First Floor Plan B Aug 2020 A 150 Second Floor Plan B Aug 2020 A 160 Third Floor Plan B Aug 2020 A 170 Roof Floor Plan B Aug 2020 A-200 Elevations 01 B Aug 2020 A-210 Elevations 02 B Aug 2020 A-220 Elevations 03 B Aug 2020 A-300 Sections B Aug 2020 A-310 Sections B Aug 2020

Urban Design Report for Thirroul Plaza, Lawrence Hargrave Drive, Thirroul by Studio GL, date 21 August 2020.

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6.0 ASSESSMENT OF HERITAGE IMPACT 6.1 INTRODUCTION This Heritage Impact Statement has been prepared in relation to the following impact assessment criteria: the Wollongong Local Environmental Plan (LEP) 2009, the Wollongong Development Control Plan (DCP) 2009 and the New South Wales Heritage Office (now NSW Heritage Division) guidelines, Altering Heritage Assets and Statements of Heritage Impact, contained within the NSW Heritage Manual.

6.2 EVALUATION OF THE GUIDELINES OF THE NSW HERITAGE DIVISION The following assessment is based on the assessment criteria set out in the NSW Heritage Office (now Heritage Division) publication ‘Statements of Heritage Impact’, contained within the NSW Heritage Manual. The standard format has been adapted to suit the circumstances of this application.

The following aspects of the proposal respect or enhance the heritage significance of the item or conservation area for the following reasons: • The development would have no impact on any fabric with heritage significance; • The development would be of a scale and form that would not interfere with views towards the heritage items nearby; nor would the development change the setting of the nearby heritage items in a manner that would have an adverse impact on their heritage significance. • The development has been redesigned with a more traditional rhythm in its street façade to Lawrence Hargrave Drive. This includes masonry portals with peris a similar width apart to other commercial buildings along the main road. The scale of the development would be broken down with an emphasis on the two-storey masonry portals, and the second floor set well back. The ground and first floors have a vertical emphasis in the masonry and the fenestration; the second floor has a horizontal emphasis that is architecturally more quiet, and is fitting to a recessive level set back behind the layer of building that references the traditional commercial scale of Thirroul’s urban centre.

The following aspects of the proposal could detrimentally impact on heritage significance. The reasons are explained as well as the measures to be taken to minimise impacts: • The City of Wollongong has expressed an expectation that the early twentieth- century facades previously on the site at 304 Lawrence Hargrave Drive would be reconstructed. The design does not deliver this because the development steps back with height from the Lawrence Hargrave Drive frontage, so the facades if built would not be integrated with the building. The development is setback from WF Jackson Park to allow for deep soil planting, and then curves around the corner with the park and Lawrence Hargrave Drive. A reconstructed façade here would stand in isolation from the habitable spaces of the development. A reconstructed façade would be 150m away from the nearest early twentieth-century façade on the same side of the street, so it would not be a great positive to the streetscape of Lawrence Hargrave Drive.

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6.2.1 DEMOLITION OF A BUILDING OR STRUCTURE • Have all options for retention and adaptive reuse been explored? • Can all the significant elements of the heritage item be kept, and any new development be located elsewhere on the site? • Is demolition essential at this time or can it be postponed in case future circumstances make it retention and conservation more feasible? • Has the advice of a heritage consultant/specialist been sought? Have the consultant’s recommendations been implemented? If not, why not?

Comment: The buildings, structures and hardstand on the site have no heritage significance. Removing these buildings and other structures would not have an adverse heritage impact on the heritage resources of Wollongong or the streetscape of Thirroul.

6.2.2 NEW DEVELOPMENT ADJACENT TO A HERITAGE ITEM (INCLUDING ADDITIONAL BUILDINGS AND DUAL OCCUPANCIES) • How is the impact of the new development of the heritage significance of the item or area to be minimised? • Why is the new development required to be adjacent to heritage item? • How does the curtilage allowed around the heritage item contribute to the retention of its heritage significance? • How does the new development affect views to, and from, the heritage item? What has been done to minimise negative effects? • Is the development sited on any known, or potentially significant archaeological deposits? If so, have alternative sites been considered? Why were they rejected? • Is the new development sympathetic to the heritage item? In what way (eg form, siting, proportions, design)? • Will the additions visually dominate the heritage item? How has this been minimised? • Will the public, and users of the item, still be able to view and appreciate its significance?

Comment: The proposed development would replace a retail development from recent decades with a mixed-use development of retail and residential uses. The site is in the central business district of Thirroul, so a development of this type and scale is anticipated and appropriate.

The key heritage issue in evaluating the development from a heritage point of view is how it affects the setting of the former King’s Theatre (now Anita’s Theatre). The site is located advantageously to minimise its impact on the more significant part of the former King’s Theatre, namely the northern corner of King Street and Lawrence Hargrave Drive. The theatre’s façade to Lawrence Hargrave Drive, including the squat tower on the corner, make up the most significant parts of this heritage item’s external form. The remaining facade above awning height for the theatre is unornamented apart from the lead-light glazing. The subject development is not exactly opposite the former King’s Theatre, but in the vicinity of the theatre.

The development defers to the nearby heritage item by placing two-storey above-ground development on the King Street frontage, which is a matching scale with the rear of the former King’s Theatre. The additional level for residential development would be set back a minimum of 6m, so this level would not be seen from near side of the street, and it would not be seen in full from the far side of the street at ground level.

The view shown below looking north along Lawrence Hargrave Drive with the development placed in the montage demonstrates that the more significant parts of the theatre would

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continue to be seen in views along Lawrence Hargrave Drive, and that the front façade and towers of the theatre would continue to be prominent in the townscape.

The development would read from Lawrence Hargrave Drive as having three above-ground storeys (due to the set back of Level 3). The scale is broken down by the use of strong horizontals and a diversity of architectural forms and colours. Frequently, a strong rhythmic geometry is broken by the deliberate incomplete infill of an opening. The building mass is broken down through the use of four paint colours (white to dark grey) on the renders, a light and a dark timber-look finish on selected cladding elements, and the contrasts between solid mass to filigree screens, and the contrast between the texture of white bricks and smoother concrete.

The montage at Figure 27 shows that the setbacks of the development from Lawrence Hargrave Drive would not impact on this public view north along the road towards the landmark tower of the theatre. The theatre’s roof and walls of the eastern section would be visible in this view.

Figure 27: montage by Loucas Architects showing the development (centre foreground), and Anita’s Theatre beyond behind the pam trees. This image demonstrates that the theatre will continue to be the dominant building in the Thirroul business district.

6.2.3 TREE REMOVAL OR REPLACEMENT • Does the tree contribute to the heritage significance of the item or landscape? • Why is the tree being removed? • Has the advice of a tree surgeon or horticultural specialist been obtained? • Is the tree being replaced? Why? With the same or a new species?

Comment: The palm trees in the landscaped area between Lawrence Hargraves Drive and the forecourt of the shops would be relocated within the site. These palms are common species (Washingtonia, Howeia fosterana). There is a theme along Lawrence Hargrave Drive and King Street to have palms as street trees. These palms appear to be only a few decades old and are in an informal arrangement. They have amenity value but not a lot of cultural heritage

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value. The relocation of these trees within the site would have no adverse heritage impact on the nearby heritage items or streetscape.

The landscape plan shows the designed planting of new trees and shrubs. The intention is to use the deep soil that is dedicated along the southern and western boundaries for the planting of screening trees. Street trees would be planted along the verge with Lawrence Hargrave Drive. The various terraces on the residential levels would be planted out with shrubs and ground covers. The landscape plan is intended to help screen the development in views across the railway line and across WF Jackson Park. The street trees along Lawrence Hargrave Drive are intended to complement other street trees in the vicinity and give a civic amenity. The planting on the terraces will break up the scale of development to some extent.

6.2.4 NEW SIGNAGE • How has the impact of the new signage on the heritage significance of the item been minimised? • Have alternative signage forms been considered (eg free standing or shingle signs). Why were they rejected? • Is the signage in accordance with Section 6, ‘Areas of Heritage Significance’, in Outdoor Advertising: An Urban Design-Based Approach?12 How? • Will the signage visually dominate the heritage item/heritage conservation area or heritage streetscape? • Can the sign be remotely illuminated rather than internally illuminated?

Comment: The signage will be subject of a future application. The residential complex will have a name and necessary signage to locate the entrance and essential services. The retail spaces and their service spaces will need further signage, to be the subject of a future application.

6.3 HERITAGE OBJECTIVES OF THE WOLLONGONG LEP 2009 The proposed development is considered to be acceptable, from a heritage perspective, for the following reasons:

• The development would have no impact on heritage fabric; • Retains views to and from the former King’s Theatre; • Has a massing, scale and distance away from the nearest heritage items such that it would not dominate the heritage items; • Reinforces the continuity of Lawrence Hargrave Drive; and • Addresses WF Jackson Park to the south.

• There will be no change to the public appreciation or interpretation of the former King’s Theatre.

The proposal is, therefore consistent with the relevant heritage objectives of the Wollongong LEP 2009, which are:

5.10 Heritage conservation (1) Objectives The objectives of this clause are as follows:

12 A joint publication by the Department of Planning (NSW) & Department of Planning and Housing (Vic). Published by the Department of Planning (NSW), Sydney, 1991

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(a) to conserve the environmental heritage of Wollongong, (b) to conserve the heritage significance of heritage items and heritage conservation areas, including associated fabric, settings and views,

6.4 HERITAGE GUIDELINES OF THE WOLLONGONG DCP 2009 The Wollongong DCP 2009 supports the Wollongong LEP 2009 by providing additional objectives and standards for development near heritage items.

6.4.1 CHAPTER D12: THIRROUL VILLAGE CENTRE The following controls in the DCP address the macro level priorities for development in the commercial centre of Thirroul. 12.2 Strategies a) Enhance the definition of public spaces in the Village Centre by maintaining a zero front setback and consistent built edges. b) Provide rear setbacks so that laneways and/or driveways can be implemented. c) Design and articulate buildings with strong vertical proportions, reflective of the existing buildings in the Village Centre. d) Promote a two storey built form within the southern part of the Village Centre. e) Promote a three storey built form with a two storey street wall within the core retail area in the northern part of the Village Centre to maintain a village scale. f) Enhance and improve street character through providing increased setbacks in the Thirroul Plaza and Beaches Hotel vicinity so that access and visual appearance throughout the northern section of the Village Centre is maintained. g) Accommodate retail and commercial uses by allowing deeper building footprints for the retail component within buildings, but maintain the town centre’s character by avoiding ‘big box’ built form typology. h) Limit building depth above ground floor to 18 metres to enable both residential and commercial uses to achieve cross ventilation and solar access.

Response The design has been changed to respond to the early twentieth-century form and scale of the commercial buildings along Lawrence Hargrave Drive that contribute historical values to the setting of the K9ng’sTheatre. To this end, the ground and first floors of the development have a façade with a rhythm of portals giving a clear two-storey scale in pedestrian views, with piers spaced at intervals resembling the traditional property widths of terraced shops with housing above. The upper floor would be recessed behind the main parapet to minimised its prominence in street views, and to demonstrate the lesser civic importance of this residential level. This is close to the form promoted at e) above. Certainly, the development would be highly articulated

The development would be setback from the front boundary, so there would not be a zero setback. This allows for deep soil planting in front of the buildings, which will ground the buildings in a visual sense, and screen the buildings. The subject site provides a transition between the commercial centre around the tall landmark King’s theatre, and the zero development of WF Jackson Park, so the proposed setback is appropriate here.

6.4.2 THE ILLAWARRA ESCARPMENT The importance of retaining views from Thirroul towards the escarpment is a recurring them in Chapter D12: Thirroul Village Centre of the Wollongong DCP 2012, first mentioned in 34.2 Objectives, item k), To retain key views to the escarpment. The proposed development of three

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above-ground levels will limit views from nearby positions in Lawrence Hargrave Drive towards the escarpment. It should be noted that the nearby parts of Lawrence Hargrave Drive are lower than the subject site, so it would be unreasonable to judge the impact of the development on public views from a localised depressed position. Looking across the site from a nearby level position, such as from near St Michael’s Church, shows that three above- ground storeys on the subject site will not challenge the public view of the escarpment in the central business district of Thirroul. The montage below from Raymond Road shows a public view from a position lower than the subject site that demonstrates that the escarpment will continue to dominate Thirroul in this view.

Figure 28: view from outside St Michael’s Church, looking over the development site with the massive escarpment in the background. This view demonstrates that a three-storey building on the subject site will not threaten public views of the escarpment from the business district of Thirroul. Compare to the montage by Loucas Architects at Figure 29

Figure 29: revised montage showing the escarpment readily seen from Raymond Road. (Source: Loucas Architects). The 12m line is above the front boundary.

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Figure 30: perspective by Loucas Architects showing that even at a local position of disadvantage nearby on Lawrence Hargrave Drive, the Illawarra Escarpment would still be visible as the dominant landscape feature.

Figure 31: one of the earlier perspectives by Loucas Architects showing the public view from a lower point in Lawrence Hargrave Drive between the buildings towards the escarpment.

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Figure 32: a more recent rendering by Loucas Architects showing the proposed development with a view to the escarpment from Laurence Hargrave Drive. This vantage point is a disadvantageous locally depressed position.

6.4.3 14 DEVELOPMENT IN THE VICINITY OF A HERITAGE SITE 'Vicinity' is defined as land adjoining or located within the visual catchment of a heritage site. The following controls are listed in section 14.2.

1 Development on land adjacent to or within the vicinity of a heritage item or a heritage conservation area should not detract from the identified significance or setting of the heritage building or the heritage conservation area. 2. Where development is proposed adjacent to or within the vicinity of a heritage site or heritage conservation area, the following matters must be taken into consideration: - (a) The character, siting, bulk, scale, height and external appearance of the development; (b) The visual relationship between the proposed development and the heritage item or heritage conservation area; (c) The potential for overshadowing of the adjoining heritage item or any building within a heritage conservation area; (d) The colours and textures of materials proposed to be used in the development; (e) The landscaping and fencing of the proposed development; (f) The location of car parking spaces and access ways into the development; (g) The impact of any proposed advertising signs or structures; (h) the maintenance of the existing streetscape, where the particular streetscape has significance to the heritage site; (i) The impact the proposed use would have on the amenity of the heritage site; and (j) The effect the construction phase will have on the well being of a heritage building. 3. Development in the vicinity of a heritage item should give strong regard to any significant views to and from the heritage item or heritage conservation area and any public domain area.

As discussed in the sections above, the development would not have an adverse impact on the heritage significance of the former King’s Theatre because the development will not block public views towards the heritage item, nor place competing building bulk too close to the item to threaten its local landmark status. See Figure 27. The development would present to Lawrence Hargrave Drive as a two storeys of commercial scale, with one additional level recessed behind the front face, itself recessed from the front boundary. As the development rises with distance from Lawrence Hargrave Drive, and is separated from

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the critical corner of the main street and King Street, the setting of the King’s Theatre is not threatened by this development. From my understanding of the elevations drawn with neighbouring buildings, and my understanding of their relative heights to the King’s Theatre, the King’s theatre will be the taller building.

The design has a high level of consistency with the desired future character of the business district of Thirroul. The mixed uses complement the town centre that supports the theatre; the proposed form and setbacks respect the alignment of Lawrence Hargrave Drive, the scale does not dominate the theatre and it is set further enough away that the proposed mass will not threaten the dominance of the theatre’s tower on the corner of King Street and Lawrence Hargrave Drive. The massing steps back with height from WF Jackson Park to minimise overshadowing, the selected colours are muted and varied so they are less bright and less massive than the colouring of the theatre, the landscaping will help the development to sit comfortably in the street scape with a degree of screening, the loading dock and car parking are concealed from public view and largely underground. Change at the subject site will not inevitably cause an adverse impact on the setting of the heritage items nearby because there is nothing on the site with demonstrated cultural heritage significance, and the development will have no physical impact on a heritage item.

The proposed development is generally consistent with the objectives of the Wollongong DCP 2009 that relate to heritage.

7.0 RECOMMENDATIONS The heritage significance of the site would be interpreted in an illustrated artwork in a public place in the development. This artwork would be located near a gathering space such as public stairs, a lift lobby or a sheltered external wall. The revised architectural plans have identified a location.

The interpretation should summarise the history of the site in section 2.2 of this report. The interpretation should make clear the past industrial and commercial uses of the site, with reproductions of eventful images. It should illustrate the Federation period facades that stood on the site for most of the Twentieth Century, and mention community efforts to retain those facades.

If any unexpected archaeological finds are uncovered during excavation, they should be photographed, and if possible recovered.

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8.0 CONCLUSION The proposed redevelopment of the site at 282–304 Lawrence Hargrave Drive, Thirroul will have an acceptable impact on the heritage significance of the heritage items in the vicinity, namely the former King’s Theatre and the Railway Barracks. Each heritage item is separated from the subject site by a road or a railway line. The former King’s Theatre will remain the tallest building in its precinct. The Illawarra Escarpment will continue to dominate Thirroul and the escarpment will be seen above the development generally in nearby views.

The design of the development has been considered to ensure that the form, scale and setbacks have negligible adverse impact on the heritage items in the vicinity. The massing has been revised to emphasise the traditional two-storey scale of Thirroul, with a third above- ground storey set further back. The design is broken up in terms of volume, colour, texture and solidity to minimise its horizontal mass in the streetscape.

All existing views to the heritage items in the vicinity will be retained.

The proposed minor alterations are consistent with the heritage objectives of the Wollongong LEP 2009 and the Wollongong DCP 2009. In our view, Wollongong City Council should have no hesitation, from a heritage perspective, in approving this application.

Yours Faithfully,

NBRSARCHITECTURE.

Brad Vale Senior Heritage Consultant

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